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?•      J-DKAK 


THE    HISTORY 


CORPUS   CHRISTI   COLLEGE 


HORACE   HART.    PRINTER   TO  THE   UNIVERSITY 


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Turnbu/l's  Dial  in  the  Quadrangle 

As  it  was  placed  in  Hegges  time,  together  ivith  a  specimen  of  Heggc's  writing 
From  MS.  40  in  the  C.  C,  C.  Library 


OF 


CORPUS  CHRISTI  COLLEGE 


LISTS  OF  ITS  MEMBERS 


BY 


THOMAS    FOWLER,   D.D.,   LL.D.,   F.S.A. 

PRESIDENT   OF   THE   COLLEGE 


PRINTED  FOR  THE  OXFORD  HISTORICAL  SOCIETY 

AT  THE   CLARENDON  PRESS 

1893- 


LIBRARY    -' 


MAR  1 3  1967 


IN   PIOUS   MEMORY 
OF 

RICHARD    FOXE 

THE     MUNIFICENT     FOUNDER 
OF 

CORPUS  CHRISTI  COLLEGE 


\Issued with  vol.  xxxi'.\ 


THE    HISTORY 

OF 

CORPUS    CHRISTI    COLLEGE 
BY  THE  PRESIDENT. 

ADDITIONS  AND  CORRECTIONS. 

P.  9,  1.  2  from  bottom  of  page  ;  note  to  word  '  generally '. 

Moreover,  as  my  friend  Mr.  E.  Peacock  says  in  a  letter  to  me : 
"  A  man  in  the  high  position  of  Foxe  would  assuredly  only  hear  the 
confessions  of  the  great  men  about  court,  and  there  is  abundant 
evidence  to  prove  that  they  had  their  own  chaplains  who  acted  as 
their  private  confessors." 

p.  20, 1.  ii ;  note  to  words  "  Perpetual  Administrator  ". 

That  Wolsey  was  never  actually  Bishop  of  Winchester  is  plain  from 
'  Letters  and  Papers  of  Henry  VIII '  (Rolls'  Publications),  Vol.  IV, 
Pt.  3,  p.  2389,  No.  5429,  where,  in  a  letter  to  Gardiner  and  others, 
he  "  marvels  that  the  bulls  are  only  as  in  perpetuam  administrationem, 
and  not  in  perpetuum  titulum,  as  he  has  those  of  Durham,"  and  wishes   •*  . 
to  know  the  cause;  and  again  from  p.  2390,  No.  5432,  where  the  writ 
for  the  restoration  of  the  temporalities  is  made  out  for  Wolsey  as^/ 
"  perpetual  administrator  of  that  see." 

p.  21,  1.  9.  For  'the  historian',  substitute  'probably  the  father  of  the  ^># 
historian'.  ,/  ^  r- 

p.  26,  1.  19.  For  'chantrey '  substitute  '  chantry  '. 

p.  35, 1.  3.  For  1686  substitute  1586. 

p.  35,  1.  24 ;  note  to  words  ' a  lawyer' : 

For  further  particulars  of  Pate,  see  Rudder's  Hist,  of  Gloucester- 
shire, p.  i i 8. 


ii       THE  HISTORY  OF  CORPUS  CHRIST  I  COLLEGE. 

p.  45,  1.  3.  For  1504  substitute  1506.     See  correction  of  p.  79,  &c. 

p.  67, 1.  17;  note  to  words  '  St.  John  the  Baptist ' : 

See  '  Evidences '  in  the  College  Archives,  Vol.  I,  pp.  50-52. 

pp.  79-82.  By  way  of  explanation  and  justification  of  the  numerous 
corrections  on  these  pages,  I  ought  to  state  that,  when  they  were  being 
written,  I  relied  on  the  authority  of  Schepreve,  Wood,  and  Fulman, 
which  was  so  accordant,  and  appeared  to  be  so  circumstantial,  that  it 
did  not  occur  to  me  (as,  perhaps,  it  ought  to  have  done)  to  examine, 
for  myself,  the  Magdalen  Registers  and  Account  Books.  But,  shortly 
after  my  book  appeared,  I  was  informed  by  the  Rev.  W.  D.  Macray 
(who  has  since  commenced  the  publication  of  a  Register  of  the 
Members  of  Magdalen)  that  the  dates  of  Claymond's  birth  and  of  his 
admission  to  the  Presidency  did  not  correspond  with  those  to  be 
gathered  from  the  documentary  evidence  at  Magdalen. 

To  begin  with  the  inferred  date  of  his  birth.  In  the  Ledger  or 
Register  (on  a  rough  fly-leaf  at  the  end  of  Reg.  A.  fol.  p6b)  there  is  a  list 
of  admissions,  headed  'Anno  Domini  1484.  In  Vigilia  Sancti  Jacobi ' 
(i.e.  July  24),  and,  amongst  them,  occurs  "Claymond  xvi  annorum 
in  festo  Michaelis  prox."  (Not  necessarily  the  exact  birth-day.  The 
age  was  often  reckoned  from  some  great  Church  Festival  occurring 
about  the  time  of  the  actual  birth-day.)  This  entry  determines  the 
birth-year  as  1468.  Wood  and  Fulman  must  both  have  been  misled 
by  a  couplet  in  Schepreve' s  Epicedion : 

"Viderat  hie  noster  Claymundus  lustra  bis  octo, 

Quando  suum  tristis  Parca  resolvit  opus." 

Fulman  writes  in  the  margin  of  his  MS.  copy  of  the  Epicedion, 
"  aetat.  80,"  thus  converting  what  appear  to  be  the  very  "  round " 
numbers  of  Schepreve  into  a  definite  statement.  If,  as  there  can 
hardly  be  any  doubt,  the  Magdalen  entry  is  correct,  Schepreve  must 
either  have  been  ignorant  of  Claymond's  real  age,  or  have  indulged 
himself  in  an  extraordinary  stretch  of  poetical  license.  Unfortunately, 
the  inscription  on  the  brass  in  the  chapel  affords  no  evidence,  and 
(see  Wood's  Colleges  and  Halls,  sub  C.  C.  C.)  never  seems  to  have 
done,  on  Claymond's  age  at  his  death  or  the  date  of  his  birth. 

Next,  as  to  the  date  of  Claymond's  admission  or  election  to  the 
Presidency  of  Magdalen.  Both  Wood  and  Fulman  give  the  year 
1504,  the  date  of  his  predecessor  Mayew's  promotion  to  the  See  of 
Hereford,  but  an  inspection  of  the  '  Computus '  for  the  financial  year 
1506-7  makes  it  plain  that  Mayew  vacated  the  Presidency  at  the  end 
of  1506,  having  held  it,  up  to  that  time,  in  conjunction  with  his 


ADDITIONS  AND  CORRECTIONS.  Hi 

Bishopric,  and  that  Claymond  was  admitted,  or  at  least  began  to  enjoy 
the  revenues,  about  the  ioth  of  May,  1507.  The  entries  in  the 
'  Computus '  run  as  follows : 

Porcio  domini  Presidentis. 

Sol.  d.  Episcopo  Harford  pro  porcione  Presidentis  primo  termino 
VK  (the  annual  stipend  of  the  President  being  £20). 

Sol.  d.  Presid.  (i.  e.  Claymond)  pro  porcione  sua  tercio  termino 
XLVi8  *  *  quarto  termino  VM. 

It  thus  appears  that  the  Presidency  was  vacant  about  one  and 
a  half  terms,  i.  e.  quarters.  At  this  time,  the  expression  '  terms '  was 
used,  for  financial  purposes,  as  the  equivalent  of  '  quarters/  and  the 
'  Computi '  began  with  the  Michaelmas  Quarter,  which  counted  as  the 
first  quarter  of  the  Financial  Year. 


In  consequence  of  the  fresh  evidence  here  adduced,  the  following 
corrections  should  be  made  in  the  text  of  my  History : 
p.  79, 1.  9.  For  1483?  substitute  1484. 
1.  10.  For  1504  substitute  1507. 

For  'about  1457'  substitute  'in  1468'. 
1.  ii.  For   'nine  years'    substitute    'nineteen    or    twenty 
years '. 

1.  5  from  bottom  of  page  to  bottom  of  page.     Erase  the 
words  from  '  In  Dr.  BloxamY  to  '  re-elected.' 

p.  8O,  11.  2-4.  For  the  words  '  if  Foxe '  to  '  school-boy '  substitute 
the  words  '  Foxe  may  have  made  Claymond' s  acquaintance  on  some 
visit  to  Oxford.' 

p.  82, 1.  24.  For  'at  the  good  old  age  of  80'  substitute  'in  his  7oth 
year '. 

Quitting  this  subject,  I  revert  to  other  corrections  or  additions. 

p.  81,  1.  2.  To  '  new  learning'  append  the  following  foot-note  : 

1  From  a  letter  of  Linacre  to  Claymond  (while  the  latter  was  still 
President  of  Magdalen),  it  may  be  inferred  that,  though  a  patron  of 
the  Greek  learning,  Claymond  himself  was,  at  least  at  that  time,  only 
acquainted  with  the  elements  of  the  language.  This  letter  is  copied 
twice  in  the  Fulman  MSS.,  sc.  in  Vol.  VII,  fol.  37,  and  Vol.  IX,  fol. 
64,  65. 

p.  1O8,  note,  5th  line  from  bottom.  For  'conantur'  substitute 
'  conatur '. 


iv       THE  HISTORY  OF  CORPUS  CHRIST  I  COLLEGE. 

p.  114,  note,  3rd  line  from  bottom.     For  '  composed  of '  substitute 
1  containing '. 

p.  160,  last  line.     For  '  but '  substitute  '  as '. 

p.  162,  1.  3  from  bottom.     For  '  Then  '  substitute  '  There  '. 

p.  180, 1.  30.  To  word  '  Martha '  append  foot-note : 

1  There  is  a  note  on  Anyan  in  Wood's  Life  and  Times  (Ed.  Clark), 
Vol.  I,  p.  154,  which  I  have  not  thought  it  necessary  to  notice  in  the 
text.  The  word  '  wencher,'  as  applied  to  Dr.  Spencer,  probably  does 
not  mean  more  than  that  he  had  married  a  wife. 

p.  181,  1.  10  from  bottom.  For  1517  substitute  i6if. 

p.  182,  1.  3.  Insert  comma  after  'nos'. 

1.  27.  For  '  was '  substitute  '  had  been '. 

p.  220, 11.  27,  28.  For  'is  or  was  a  stone  over'  substitute  'still  exists 
a  stone  covered  with  a  brass  over '. 

1.  29.  To  'rhyme'  append  the  following  foot-note: 

I  The  brass  is  to  be  found  at  the  foot  of  a  pillar  in  the  Chancel, 
on  which  is  painted  a  fresco  of  St.  Blaise. 

p.  237,  11.  ii,  1 6.  For  N  substitute  M. 

p.  245,  1.  13.  For  arupict.  substitute  acupict. 

1.  34.  To  the  words  '  sectam  etc.'  append  the  following 
foot-note  : 

I 1  have  discovered,  through  the  good  offices  of  Sir  F.  Pollock,  that, 
in  the  Record  Office,  there  is  an  unofficial  document  (( Coram  Rege ' 
Roll,  No.  1887,  rot.  1109),  agreeing  almost  word  for  word  with  the 
above  statement,  but  containing  a  good  deal  of  additional  matter 
of  a  technical  kind.     Unfortunately,  the  judgment  is  not  entered. 

p.  249,  1.  4  from  bottom.     For  3rd  substitute  4th. 

p.  266,  1.  7.  Erase  '?  pile  or'.  The  word  is  'piece.' 

p.  271,  1.  29.  After  'Hebrese'  insert  'Edward  Young,  author  of 
the  "Night  Thoughts,"  subsequently  Fellow  of  All  Souls,  whose 
name  occurs  amongst  the  Gentlemen  Commoners  in  1704  (cp. 
p.  440) ' ; 

p.  271,  n.  2,  last  line.  After  the  word  'Fellowship'  insert 
'Theophilus  Leigh  was  grand  uncle  of  Jane  Austen,  the  novelist, 
who  was  also  second  cousin  of  George  Leigh  Cooke,  noticed  subse- 
quently. See  an  article  by  Mr.  Arthur  Sidgwick  in  the  Pelican 
Record  for  March,  1895.  Theophilus  Leigh  had  a  great  and 
apparently  just  reputation  as  a  wit.  See  the  Memoir  of  Miss  Austen 
by  her  nephew,  the  Rev.  J.  E.  Austen  Leigh,  Ch.  I.' 

p.  284, 1.  8.  After  'which'  insert  'office'. 


ADDITIONS  AND  CORRECTIONS.  v 

p.  298, 1.  14.  To  the  word  'Degrees'  append  foot-note: 

1  Dr.  W.  Ogle  informs  me  that,  in  1849,  he  read  an  old  school- 
boy exercise  on  Livy  as  a  dissertation  for  his  B.A.  Degree. 

p.  303.  To  name  of  George  Leigh  Cooke,  append  note  : 

In  the  Memoir  of  Jane  Austen  by  her  nephew,  the  Rev.  J.  E.  Austen 
Leigh  (already  referred  to  in  an  added  note  to  p.  271;  see  above), 
there  is  an  amusing  and  characteristic  letter,  dated  April  21,  1805,  in 
which  Miss  Austen  speaks  kindly  and  favourably  of  '  cousin  George/ 
then  a  young  M.A.  Giving  an  account  of  a  somewhat  stupid  party, 
she  says  :  "  All  that  bordered  on  wit  or  on  sense  came  from  cousin 
George,  whom  altogether  I  like  very  well."  For  further  notices  of 
G.  L.  Cooke,  see  pp.  306,  322—3. 

p.  318, 1.  8.  For  10,  1824,  substitute  24,  1832,  and  for  'Cambridge' 
substitute  '  Cambridgeshire/ 

1.  17.  For  'Divinity'  substitute  '  Greek'. 

p.  381,  note  i,  1.  20  of  note.  After  the  word  'Annals/  insert  the 
following  sentence : 

Some  confirmation,  however,  of  the  statement  is  afforded  by  the 
fact,  noticed  in  Berthe  Vadier's  short  monograph  of  Vives  (Geneva, 
1892),  that,  during  the  residence  in  Oxford  of  the  Princess  Mary,  to 
whom  Vives  was  preceptor,  the  King  and  Queen  often  came  from 
London  to  Oxford,  to  hear  him  lecture  (see  p.  36  of  the  monograph). 

The  next  sentence  should  commence  as  a  new  paragraph :  IT  It  is 
possible  &c. 

p.  403,  1.  24.  For  'Stoake  {Matric.  Book)'  substitute  (Stoake, 
Matric.  Book). 

p.  4O5, 1.  19.  Append  note  to  Franc.  Randolph  : 

1  Principal  of  St.  Alban  Hall.  Founder  of  the  University  ('  Ran- 
dolph') Galleries. 

p.  411,  1.  9.  Erase  'Parr.'  It  has  been  pointed  out  to  me  by 
Mr.  Finch  Smith  of  Lichfield  that  the  insertion  of  this  name  in  the 
continuation  of  Hegge's  Catalogue  is  a  mistake,  due,  doubtless,  to  the 
fact  that  it  was  borne  by  Mr.  Greswell's  father,  the  Rev.  William  Parr 
Greswell.  It  does  not  occur  in  either  of  the  entries  made  in  the 
Register,  nor  in  the  Oxford  Calendars,  nor  in  Mr.  Foster's  transcript 
of  the  Matriculation  entry. 

p.  412.  To  name  of  Mr.  Perry,  on  this  page  and  also  on  p.  317, 
append  '  Archdeacon  of  Stow '. 

p.  414.  To  name  of  Mr.  Digby,  append  '  Subsequently  Permanent 
Under  Secretary  of  the  Home  Office '. 


vi       THE  HISTORY  OF  CORPUS  CHRIST  I  COLLEGE. 

p.  415.  To  name  of  Sir  Charles  Pearson,  append  '  P.C.' 

To  name  of  Dr.  Sanday,  append  '  Subsequently  Margaret  Professor 
of  Divinity  and  Canon  of  Christ  Church '. 

To  name  of  Mr.  Hanbury,  append  '  Financial  Secretary  to  the 
Treasury;  P.C.' 

p.  416.  To  name  of  Mr.  Gibson,  append  '  Subsequently  Coadjutor 
Bishop  of  Cape-Town '. 

To  name  of  Mr.  Wm.  Peterson,  append  '  Subsequently  Principal  of 
the  University  of  Me  Gill  College,  Montreal '. 

p.  417.   To   name   of  Mr.   Cookson,   append    'Fellow  of  Mag- 
dalen'. 

p.  420.  To  name  of  Mr.  Robertson,  append  '  Q.C.' 

p.  421.  To  name  of  Mr.  Arthur  Sidgwick,  append  'University 
Reader  in  Greek'. 

p.  431, 1.  2.  To  Jeremiah  Smith,  append  note: 
2  High  Master  of  Manchester  Grammar  School. 

p.  433.  Under  1889,  in  Mr.  Johnston's  name  insert  '  William '  after 
'Selby'. 

p.  436.  Under  name  of  Tho.  Bond,  affix  6to  1596  (i5966). 

p.  440.  To  '  Young '  append  the  following  note  : 

This  must  have  been  Edward  Young,  author  of  the  '  Night 
Thoughts.'  See  Johnson's  Lives  of  the  Poets.  He  was  previously 
a  Gentleman  Commoner  of  New  College,  and  afterwards  Fellow  of 
All  Souls. 

At  end  of  the  entry '1714.  Jac.  Oglethorpe'  &c.,  add  (pp.  275-6). 

p.  443.  Under  1802,  there  should  be  no  gap  between  'Henry'  and 
'Drummond'. 

Under  1824,  for  'Edwd.  Simpson'  substitute  'Valentine 
Bennett  Simpson',  and  transfer  note  15  to  'Edwd.  Simpson'  on  next 
page,  substituting  for  '  Cambridge '  '  Cambridgeshire '. 

Under  1826,  for  'Rob.  Blagdon  Hole'  substitute  'Rob. 
Blagden  Hale ',  and  append  note :  M.P.  for  West  Gloucestershire. 

p.  444.  Under  1832,  append  to  'Edwd.  Simpson'  the  following 
note  :  Assumed  name  of  Hicks.     M.P.  for  Cambridgeshire. 

p.  445.  In  names  of  Mr.  Welby,  1852,  substitute  Earle  for  Erie. 
To  name  of  Mr.  Coxhead,  1855,  prefix t 

p.  446.  To  name  of  Mr.  C.  P.  Scott,  1865,  append  '  M.P.  for  Leigh 
Division  of  Lancashire '. 

p.  448.  In   name   of  Mr.  Buckland,    1877,    for   Hen.   substitute 
Harvey. 


ADDITIONS  AND  CORRECTIONS.  vii 

p.  451.  Between  the  names   of  Robert  Pursglove  and  Nicholas 
Wadham  insert  the  following  entry  : 

William  Hugh,  author  of  '  The  Troubled  Man's  Medicine '  and 
other  religious  works,  is  said  by  A.  Wood  (Fasti)  to  have  taken  his 
B.A.  Degree  from  Corpus  in  April,  1539,  and  his  M.A.  on  June  6, 
J543;  also  (Ath.  Ox.  ed.  Bliss,  Vol.  I,  p.  182)  to  have  died  in  Corpus 
in  1549.  See  also  Diet.  Nat.  Biog.  sub  nomine. — But  cp.  the  doubtful 
entry  ('perhaps  of  Corpus')  in  Reg.  Univ.  Ox.  (Oxf.  Hist.  Soc.),  Vol. 
I,  p.  196.  Possibly  there  has  been  the  common  confusion  between 
C.  C.  C.  and  Ch.  Ch. 

p.  453.  To  name  of  George  Hughes,  1620,  append  the  following 
note: 

One  of  the  first  Fellows  of  Pembroke  College ;  afterwards  Vicar 
of  St.  Andrew's,  Plymouth,  and  a  noted  Presbyterian  divine.  See  A. 
Wood,  Ath.  Ox. 

p.  460.  In  the  list  of '  Famuli  Prsesidis ',  transpose 
Hen.  Pilgrime,  159!,  and  Hen.  Keepe,  1592. 
Also  re-arrange  Stevens,  Dewhurst,  Wood,  Cubb,  and  Bodyn  in 
the  following  order : 

Hen.  Cubb 
Ed.  Stevens 
Joh.  Dewhurst 
Gul.  Bodyn 
Joh.  Wood. 

p.  463.   Under   Acts   and   Proceedings   insert  the   following   re- 
ferences:  315-7,  319-26, 

Under  Bachelor  Scholars,  for  321-2  substitute  322. 
p.  466.  Under  Coleraine,  Lord,  his  death,  substitute  272  for  302. 
Under  Cooke,  John,  add: 

—  his  death,  302. 
p.  467.  Under  Dudley,  First  Earl  of,  insert  305. 

Under  Early  hours  &c.,  for  41  substitute  40-1. 
p.  482.  Under  Vives,  Ludovicus,  substitute  for  the  references,  there 
given,  the  following:  58,  71,  87-8,  381. 

Under  —  his  bees,  substitute  for  the  references,  there  given, 
the  following:  71,  85,  370-1,  381. 


viii     THE  HISTORY  OF  CORPUS  CHRIST!  COLLEGE. 

FELLOWS  ADMITTED  SINCE  THE  PUBLICATION 
OF  THE  HISTORY. 

1893.  Dec.  22.  Robinson  Ellis,  M.A.,  Fellow  of  Trinity  College, 

Oxford,  and  University  Reader  in  Latin,  elected  to  the 
Corpus  Christi  Professorship  of  Latin,  vacated  on  July  10 
by  the  death  of  Professor  Nettleship.  Professor  Ellis  was 
admitted  Fellow  on  the  same  day. 

1894.  Oct.   12.    Leonard   Trelawney   Hobhouse,   M.A.,   late 

Fellow  of  Merton  College,  and  formerly  Scholar  of  C.C.C. 
Admitted  to  an  Official  Fellowship  in  virtue  of  his  appoint- 
ment to  an  Assistant  Tutorship. 


HONORARY    FELLOWS   ADMITTED   SINCE   THE 
PUBLICATION   OF   THE    HISTORY. 

1894.  Nov.  3.  Philip  Lutley  Sclater,  M.A.,  F.R.S.,  Secretary  of 
the  Zoological  Society.  Formerly  Fellow.  * 

Frederick  William  Walker,  M.A.,  High  Master  of 
St.  Paul's  School.  Formerly  Fellow. 

Rev.  Edward  Lee  Hicks,  M.A.,  Canon  Residentiary 
of  Manchester.  Formerly  Fellow. 

Robert  Seymour  Bridges,  M.A.,  B.M.  Formerly 
Commoner. 

C.  C.  C. 

Sept.  25,  1895. 


SUPPLEMENTARY  NOTE. 

p.  382,  note  2,  add:  f .  But,  in  a  letter  to  the  Times  of  Dec.  7, 
1895,  by  Miss  Mary  F.  S.  Hervey,  it  seems  to  be  proved  that  the 
two  figures  in  Holbein's  picture  are  those  of  Jean  de  Dinteville. 
Seigneur  de  Polisy,  and  George  de  Selve,  Bishop  of  Lavaure.  Mr. 
Sidney  Colvin,  writing  in  the  Times  of  Dec.  10  following,  accepts, 
without  hesitation,  Miss  Hervey's  proofs. 

C.  C.  C. 

Mar.  23,  1896. 


PREFACE. 


THROUGH  the  kindly  and  tolerant  consideration  of  the 
Oxford  Historical  Society,  I  am  enabled  to  publish  the 
History  of  my  College  in  as  much  detail  as  I  could  wish. 
Soon  after  my  election  to  the  Presidency,  I  found  that  the 
elaborate  Statutes  of  the  Founder,  and  some  of  the  Manu- 
script Books  which  were  in  my  custody,  possessed  a  singular 
interest  as  illustrative  of  the  domestic  life  of  the  Oxford 
Colleges,  as  well  as  of  the  habits,  sentiments,  and  usages  of 
their  inmates,  at  different  periods  of  academical  history.  But 
it  was  not  till  I  discovered  much  additional  material,  some 
of  it  lying  neglected  in  different  parts  of  the  College,  in  the 
shape  of  account-books,  orders,  letters,  appeals  to  and  decrees 
of  Visitors,  &c.,  that  I  formed  the  idea  of  putting  together 
such  information  as  I  could  collect  from  all  sources,  printed 
or  manuscript,  in  the  form  of  a  continuous  history.  In 
executing  this  task,  I  have  endeavoured  to  give  as  faithful 
a  portraiture  as  has  been  in  my  power  of  the  periods  through 
which  I  have  passed,  without,  at  least  any  conscious,  exagge- 
ration or  extenuation.  As  in  the  case  of  all  other  institutions, 
1  presume,  which  have  existed  for  nearly  four  centuries,  there 
have  been  dark  as  well  as  bright  spots  in  the  history  of  the 
College,  and  it  would  be  to  practise  a  fraud  on  the  reader  as 
well  as  to  defeat  the  object  of  a  work  such  as  this,  were  I  to 
attempt  to  glose  over  the  charges  or  events  which  have  come 
to  my  knowledge.  Hence,  with  the  exception  of  here  and 
there  softening  a  coarse  expression,  I  have  reproduced  faith- 
fully the  language  or  the  substance  of  the  documents  which 
record  or  suggest  these  less  gratifying  incidents  of  College  life. 


viii  PREFACE. 

The  social  and  domestic  history  of  Corpus  is  probably 
representative  of  that  of  many  other  Colleges,  and  it  is 
mainly  the  wealth  of  the  materials,  especially  of  those  col- 
lected by  the  careful  antiquary,  William  Fulman,  which  has 
probably  induced  the  Committee  of  the  Historical  Society  to 
allow  me  so  much  space  for  producing  what  I  may  perhaps 
call  a  typical  example  of  College  history.  Should  it  resolve 
to  continue,  at  intervals,  the  series  begun  by  the  Warden  of 
Merton  and  myself,  it  will  probably  not  be  necessary  that 
the  work  should  be  executed  on  so  extensive  a  scale  as  in 
the  pioneer  volumes. 

I  may  observe  that  the  relation  of  my  article  in  the  volume 
on  '  The  Colleges  of  Oxford,'  edited  by  Mr.  Andrew  Clark 
and  published  by  Messrs.  Methuen  &  Co.,  to  the  present 
work  is  that  of  a  short  sketch  of  the  more  striking  features 
and  events  in  the  life  of  the  College  to  a  detailed  and  con- 
tinuous history.  The  former  was  written  for  the  general 
public ;  the  latter  is  intended  for  the  perusal  of  those  who 
take  a  special  interest  in  academical  history,  or  in  the  social 
characteristics  of  the  sixteenth,  seventeenth,  and  eighteenth 
centuries,  or,  more  specifically,  in  the  story  of  bygone  days 
in  their  own  University  or  their  own  College. 

I  have  now  only  to  acknowledge  my  obligations  to  the 
various  authorities,  whose  printed  or  written  works  I  have 
laid  under  contribution,  and  the  personal  friends  from  whom 
I  have  obtained  information  or  assistance.  These  are,  in  the 
first  place,  due  to  William  Fulman  (for  an  account  of  whom 
see  pp.  196-9  of  this  work);  for,  had  it  not  been  for  the 
stimulus  of  his  example  and  the  abundance  of  his  collections, 
so  legibly  and  methodically  written  out,  this  book  would 
probably  never  have  been  undertaken.  Fulman,  though  un- 
doubtedly he  entered  into  other  men's  labours,  and  specially 
into  those  of  Brian  Twyne,  himself  also  a  Corpus  man,  was 
the  most  accurate,  and  perhaps,  saving  Wood,  the  most  in- 
defatigable of  Oxford  antiquaries.  Wood  himself,  of  course, 
I  have  abundantly  consulted,  but,  though  it  may  appear 
ungrateful  in  one  who  has  made  so  much  use  of  his  labours, 
it  is  necessary  to  point  out  that  he  is  by  no  means  always 


PREFACE.  ix 

a  safe  authority.  He  is  often  exceedingly  careless  in  his 
quotations  from  or  references  to  other  works,  he  relied  too 
much  on  his  own  vague  recollections  of  chance  gossip,  and 
he  had  the  inveterate  habit  of  embodying  in  his  own  writings, 
without  any  or  with  very  scant  acknowledgment,  long  pas- 
sages from  other  writers,  thus  lending  the  authority  of  his 
own  name  to  statements  which  really  depended  entirely  on 
the  testimony  of  persons  whose  names  were  concealed  from 
the  reader.  Instances  of  what  I  mean  are  referred  to  on 
pp.  101-2,  168,  173,  435  of  this  work.  Hearne's  MSS.,  for 
the  period  which  they  cover,  have  been  carefully  examined. 
There  are,  of  course,  many  other  writers  of  whose  works  I  have 
made  use,  but  I  hope  that,  in  each  case,  I  have  rendered  due 
acknowledgment  either  in  the  Text  or  the  Notes.  Two,  how- 
ever, of  my  authorities  demand  specific  mention  in  this  place. 
One  is  Mr.  Joseph  Foster,  of  whose  Alumni  Oxonienses  I 
have  made  free  use  throughout  my  work,  and  especially  in 
my  annotations  on  the  Lists  at  the  end.  This  most  laborious, 
extensive,  and,  considering  the  space  over  which  it  travels, 
surprisingly  full  and  accurate  collection  of  names  will,  hence- 
forth, be  absolutely  indispensable  to  the  student  of  academic 
history1.  The  other  is  Mr.  Chisholm  Batten,  whose  Life 
of  Bishop  Foxe,  prefixed  to  his  episcopal  Register  at  Wells, 
passed  through  the  press  simultaneously  with  my  article  on 
Foxe  in  the  Dictionary  of  National  Biography.  Though  we 
had  exchanged  information  on  certain  points,  the  two  lives 

1  I  may  here  notice  that,  had  it  not  been  for  the  facilities  of  reference  afforded 
by  Mr.  Foster's  volumes,  it  would  have  been  necessary  for  me  to  enter  into  much 
greater  detail  than  I  have  done  with  regard  to  the  entries  in  the  Lists.  Thus, 
I  have  generally  omitted  the  age,  the  condition,  and  the  parent's  residence  (which, 
as  distinguished  from  the  birth-place,  is  what  usually  occurs  in  the  Matriculation 
Registers),  but  all  these  particulars,  with  additional  information,  can  easily  be 
obtained  from  Mr.  Foster's  works. 

It  may  be  convenient  here  to  state  that  the  names  of  two  of  the  early  Fellows, 
Robert  Greenwent  and  John  Fox,  of  some  of  the  early  Chaplains  and  Clerks,  and 
of  several  of  the  early  Commoners  (the  last  designated  in  my  list  by  the  letters  n.  i.) 
do  not  occur  in  Mr.  Foster's  volumes.  This  omission  is  doubtless  due  to  the  fact 
that  he  had  not  the  opportunity  of  consulting  the  College  documents  in  which 
these  names  appear.  The  Choristers,  during  the  early  years  of  the  College,  do  not 
seem  to  have  been  members  of  the  University,  and  would,  therefore,  have  no  right 
to  a  place  in  his  lists. 


x  PREFACE. 

were  perfectly  independent  of  one  another,  and  neither  had 
been  seen  by  the  author  of  the  other.  But,  in  re- writing 
my  biography  of  Foxe  for  the  present  work,  there  were 
several  minor  details  of  the  Bishop's  life,  noticed  by  Mr. 
Batten,  with  which  I  was  able  to  supplement  the  information 
which  I  had  myself  collected,  so  that  I  trust  everything  of 
any  importance  known  about  our  Founder  is  now  contained 
in  my  first  chapter.  In  our  general  views  on  the  character, 
career,  and  conduct  of  Foxe,  on  his  relations  with  Wolsey, 
and  on  all  the  more  material  facts  of  his  life,  I  am 
glad  to  find  that  Mr.  Batten  and  myself  are  in  perfect 
accord. 

Coming  to  the  assistance  and  information  which  I  have 
derived  from  personal  friends,  I  must,  first  of  all,  thank  the 
Fellows  of  my  own  College  for  their  full  permission  to 
publish,  according  to  my  own  discretion,  any  extracts,  which 
might  appear  to  me  to  be  serviceable,  from  the  College  docu- 
ments. Without  this  permission,  it  is  plain  that  the  work 
could  not  have  been  carried  out.  My  thanks,  in  the  second 
instance,  are  due  to  Mr.  Falconer  Madan,  Sub-Librarian 
of  the  Bodleian  Library  and  a  member  of  the  Committee 
of  the  Oxford  Historical  Society,  who  has  revised  my  proofs, 
patiently  answered  many  tiresome  questions,  and  made  nu- 
merous suggestions,  of  the  most  useful  character,  during  the 
progress  of  the  work.  I  must  also  express  my  obligations 
to  many  other  friends  and  acquaintances,  amongst  whom  are 
the  Rev.  Andrew  Clark,  Fellow  of  Lincoln,  who,  besides  other 
services,  most  kindly  placed  at  my  disposal  the  proofs  of  his 
volumes  on  Wood's  Life  and  Times,  as  they  were  struck  off 
at  the  Press;  the  Rev.  C.  W.  Boase,  Fellow  of  Exeter,  and 
my  cousin,  the  Rev.  J.  T.  Fowler,  Vice-Principal  of  Hatfield 
Hall,  Durham,  both  of  whom,  besides  other  good  offices, 
assisted  me,  in  the  earlier  stages  of  my  labours,  in  deciphering 
old  writing ;  the  Rev.  W.  D.  Macray,  Fellow  of  Magdalen, 
the  Rev.  R.  G.  Livingstone,  Fellow  of  Pembroke,  Mr.  C.  H. 
Firth  and  Mr.  R.  L.  Poole,  both  of  Balliol,  the  Warden  and 
Mr.  R.  B.  Gardiner  of  Wadham  College,  Mr.  T.  W.  Jackson, 
Fellow  of  Worcester,  the  Rev.  A.  C.  Radcliffe,  late  Rector  of 


PREFACE.  xi 

Stoke  Charity,  the  Rev.  E.  J.  Heriz  Smith,  Fellow  of  Pem- 
broke College,  Cambridge,  Mr.  J.  T.  Micklethwaite,  F.S.A., 
Mr.  George  Parker,  of  the  Bodleian  Library,  and  Mr.  F. 
Adams,  Reader  for  the  Press  at  Messrs.  Spottiswoode's,  who 
all,  in  various  ways,  either  by  drawing  attention  to  particular 
books  or  manuscripts,  or  by  answering  questions  connected 
with  their  own  studies,  have  given  me  valuable  assistance. 
Nor  ought  I  to  omit  to  express  my  gratitude  to  the  Bishop  of 
Winchester,  who  has  given  me  permission  to  publish,  to  Mr. 
Charles  Wooldridge,  Registrar  of  the  Diocese  of  Winchester, 
who  afforded  me  access  to,  and  to  my  old  friend,  the  Dean, 
who  assisted  me  to  decipher,  the  curious  Manuscript,  contained 
in  Bishop  Home's  Register,  which  gives  so  interesting  an 
account  of  the  Visitation  of  Corpus  in  1566.  To  Dr.  Kitchin 
I  am  indebted  also  for  many  answers,  always  cheerfully 
given,  to  questions  on  the  memorials  of  Bishop  Foxe  at 
Winchester. 

T.  FOWLER, 
c.  c.  c., 

NffV.  22,  1892. 


It  may  here  be  mentioned  that  the  College  Registers  of 
Admissions  of  Fellows  and  Scholars,  from  which  Hegge's 
Catalogue,  with  its  continuations,  is  abridged  (though  they  do 
not  contain  the  earliest  admissions  of  all),  are  complete  from 
the  admission  of  John  Widall  on  July  4,  1517,  down  to  our 
own  time,  with  the  exception  of  a  period  of  ten  years  during 
the  present  century.  The  names,  dates,  and  other  particulars 
during  this  period  have  been  recovered  by  myself.  The 
Registers  also  contain  some,  but  by  no  means  all,  of  the 
admissions  of  Chaplains,  Clerks,  Choristers,  and  Famuli  Col- 
legii,  down  to  1660.  Others  have  been  recovered  from  the 
Index  in  vol.  xi  of  the  Fulman  MSS.,  the  extant  Buttery 
Books  (which  begin  with  that  for  1648-9),  and  various  other 
sources,  as  has  also  been  the  case  with  the  names  of  Ex- 
hibitioners, Gentlemen -Commoners,  and  Commoners.  The 


xii  PREFACE. 

names  of  several  members  of  the  College,  not  known  to  have 
been  included  under  any  of  these  classes,  have  been  supplied 
from  the  University  Matriculation  Books,  and  a  few  from 
other  sources.  See  pp.  451-6. 

As  it  is  a  necessary  incident  of  an  undertaking  like  the 
present  that  the  knowledge  of  the  writer  should  be  extended, 
and  his  views  of  certain  points  undergo  some  modification,  in 
the  course  of  the  work,  the  reader,  who  takes  an  interest  in 
any  special  question  of  historical  or  antiquarian  research,  is 
requested  to  consult  all  the  passages  bearing  upon  it  which 
are  referred  to  in  the  Index.  Thus,  as  it  was  only  as  the 
work  progressed  that  I  became  convinced  that  the  College, 
during  a  considerable  period,  received  a  class  of  students 
not  recognised  in  the  Statutes,  and  corresponding  either 
with  ordinary  Commoners,  or,  more  probably,  with  Battelers, 
this  fact  is  not  distinctly  stated  till  I  arrive  at  the  later  pages 
of  my  Book. 

The  Index,  though  it  includes  a  large  number  of  names  of 
persons,  does  not  attempt  to  give  a  complete  list  of  all  those 
which  occur  in  the  book,  but  only  of  those  to  which  some 
special  interest  attaches.  The  Lists  of  names,  in  the  body 
of  the  work,  are  themselves  so  short,  that  it  is  hoped  that 
any  one,  in  search  of  a  name,  and  acquainted  with  the 
approximate  date,  will  easily  be  able  to  discover  it  for  him- 
self; while  Mr.  Foster's  two  series  of  Alumni  Oxonienses 
supply,  in  alphabetical  order,  nearly  every  name  (with  the 
exceptions  noted  on  p.  ix)  which  occurs  in  the  College 
books. 


CONTENTS. 


CHAPTER  I. 

RICHARD  FOXE,  THE   FOUNDER  ;    HUGH  OLDHAM,    WILLIAM   FROST, 

AND  OTHER  BENEFACTORS         I 

CHAPTER  II. 
THE  STATUTES  AND  THE  ORIGINAL  SETTLEMENT  OF  THE  COLLEGE    .      37 

CHAPTER  III. 

SITE  AND  BUILDINGS  OF  THE  COLLEGE  (INCLUDING  SOME  ACCOUNT  OF 

THE  FOUNDER'S  EARLIER  DESIGN  FOR  A  MONASTIC  COLLEGE)       .      60 

CHAPTER  IV. 
THE  FIRST  THREE  PRESIDENCIES 79 

CHAPTER  V. 
THE  ELIZABETHAN  ERA 106 

CHAPTER  VI. 
THE  END  OF  THE  ELIZABETHAN  AND  THE  EARI.IF.R  STUART  PERIOD  .     157 

CHAPTER  VII. 
THE  PARLIAMENTARY  VISITATION  AND  THE  PERIOD  OF  THE  COMMON- 


WEALTH 


CHAPTER  VIII. 
THE  RESTORATION  AND  THE  PERIOD  OF  THE  LATER  STUARTS     .        .    233 

CHAPTER  IX. 

THE  REVOLUTION  AND  THE  PERIOD  OF  WILLIAM  THE  THIRD  AND 

ANNE 261 

CHAPTER  X. 
THE  GEORGIAN  PERIOD 377 

CHAPTER  XI. 
RECENT  HISTORY  OK  THE  COLLEGE 3'4 


xiv  CONTENTS. 

PAGE 

APPENDIX  A. 
ON  FINES  AND  OTHER  SOURCES  OF  REVENUE 331 

APPENDIX  B. 
EXTRACTS    FROM    THE   CHAPEL    ACCOUNTS    DURING   THE    TIMES    OF 

RELIGIOUS  CHANGES 355 

APPENDIX  C. 
EXTRACTS  FROM  THE  'REGISTERS  OF  PUNISHMENTS'     ....    359 

APPENDIX  D. 
LISTS  OF  GREEK  AND  LATIN  READERS  AND  MEDICINE  DEPUTATI       .    369 

APPENDIX   E. 

'A  WICKED   ITALIAN   BOKE ' 373 

LISTS. 

PRESIDENTS 379 

FELLOWS  AND  SCHOLARS  ELECTED  DOWN  TO  1855 380 

SCHOLARS  ELECTED  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH  THE  STATUTES  OF  1855      .  414 

SCHOLARS  ELECTED  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH  THE  STATUTES  OF  1882      .  417 

FELLOWS,  PROFESSOR-FELLOWS,  PROFESSORS,  OR  HONORARY  FELLOWS, 

ADMITTED  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH  THE  STATUTES  OF  1855      •        •    42° 

FELLOWS  OR  HONORARY  FELLOWS  ADMITTED  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH 

THE  STATUTES  OF  1882 421 

BURSARS,  NOT  BEING  FELLOWS-  OF  THE  COLLEGE 422 

CHAPLAINS 423 

CLERKS 426 

CHORISTERS 429 

EXHIBITIONERS 431 

EARLY  COMMONERS  OR  'GENTLEMEN-COMMONERS'        ....  434 

COMMONERS  ADMITTED  FROM  1851  (INCLUDING  M.A.'s  INCORPORATED)  445 

STUDENTS  NOT  ALREADY  NOTICED,  BUT  KNOWN  TO  HAVE  BELONGED 

TO  C.  C.C 451 

THE  FAMULI  COLLEGII 457 

NAMES  IN  THE  INDEX  TO  FULMAN,   VOL.   xi,   HAVING  NO  SPECIFIC 

DESIGNATION 462 

INDEX 463 


ILLUSTRATIONS   AND   PLANS. 


TURNBULL'S   DIAL    IN   THE   QUADRANGLE,    AS   IT  WAS   PLACED   IN 

HEGGE'S  TIME  (SEE  p.  183) Frontispiece. 

PLAN  OF  THE  ORIGINAL  SITE  OF  THE  COLLEGE         .       .        .        .    /.  69. 

KRATZER'S  DIAL  IN  THE  GARDEN,  AS   IT  WAS  PLACED  IN   HEGGE'S 

TIME To  face  p.  85. 

LOGGAN'S  PLAN  OF  THE  COLLEGE  BUILDINGS,  AS  THEY  EXISTED  IN 

1675,  ON  A  REDUCED  SCALE At  end  of  Volume . 


HISTORY  OF  CORPUS  CHRISTI  COLLEGE. 


CHAPTER    I. 

RICHARD  FOXE,  THE  FOUNDER;   HUGH  OLDHAM, 
WILLIAM  FROST,  AND  OTHER  BENEFACTORS. 

THE  Founder,  Richard  Fox  or  Foxe,  as  the  name  is 
variously  spelt,  was  born  at  Ropesley,  a  small  village  near 
Grantham  in  Lincolnshire,  in  1447  or  I44^-  In  his  ex- 
amination touching  the  marriage  of  Henry  VIII  and  Queen 
Catherine  by  Dr.  Wolman  on  April  5  and  6,  1537,  he  speaks 
of  himself  as  seventy-nine  years  old.  The  house  in  which  he 
was  born  (now  the  Peacock  Inn),  part  of  which  is  still  stand- 
ing, including  the  room  pointed  out  as  the  place  of  his 
birth,  seems  to  have  been  known  as  Pullock's  or  Bullock's 
Manor1.  His  parents,  Thomas  and  Helena  Foxe,  probably 
belonged  to  the  class  of  respectable  yeomen  or  smaller 
gentry  (classes  which  in  Lincolnshire  then  as  now  passed 
into  each  other),  for,  though  it  became  afterwards  common 
to  speak  of  his  mean  extraction,  his  earliest  biographer, 
Thomas  Greneway  (president  of  Corpus  Christi  College, 
1562-8),  describes  him  as  'honesto  apud  suos  loco  natus2.' 

1  In  order  not  to  over-crowd  the  early  pages  of  this  biography  with  foot-notes, 
I  have  appended  a  Note  on  the  history  of  Pullock's  Manor,  so  far  as  it  can  now  be 
recovered,  at  the  end  of  the  Life  of  Foxe.     See  pp.  27-29. 

2  'Thomas  Fox,'  says  Mr.  Chisholm  Batten  (Life  of  Foxe),  'was  a  person  of 
position  above  a  yeoman,  though  perhaps  not  entitled  to  wear  coat  armour.'    The 
usage  of  the  word  '  yeoman '  probably  differs,  or  differed,  in  different  parts  of 
England.     When  I  was  a  boy,  a  person  farming  a  small  estate,  of  his  own,  worth 
not  more  than  £ 300  or  ^400  a  year,  would  generally,  in  Lincolnshire,  have  been 
called  a  'yeoman.'     '  Thomas  Fox's  only  sister,  Elizabeth  Fox,'  Mr.  Batten  proceeds 
to  say, '  married  John  Bronneswell,  and  from  this  marriage  many  illustrious  families 

B 


2  RICHARD  FOXE. 

According  to  Wood1,  he  was  'trained  up  in  grammar  in 
Boston,  till  such  time  that  he  might  prove  capable  of  the 
university.'  '  He  may  have  been,'  says  Mr.  Batten,  '  at  a 
grammar  school  at  Boston,  but  the  Corpus  Christi  guild  there, 
of  which  he  became  a  member  in  1492  whilst  Bishop  of  Bath 
and  Wells  (Harl.  MSS.,  4795),  had  no  school  attached  to  it,  and 
in  the  same  year  other  courtiers  were  admitted  to  membership.' 
According  to  another  account  (referred  to,  but  without  stating 
the  authority,  in  Ingram's  Memorials  of  Oxford,  C.  C.C.  p.  2), 
he  received  his  school  education  at  Winchester,  but  there  is  no 
early  or  documentary  evidence  of  either  statement.  From 
Greneway2  onwards,  his  biographers  agree  that  he  was  a 
student  of  Magdalen  College,  Oxford,  though  the  careful  anti- 
quary Fulman  (1632-1688)  adds  '  most  probably  '  3  ;  but  the 
explicit  statement  of  Greneway,  writing  in  1566,  appears 
to  derive  striking  confirmation  from  the  large  number  of 
Magdalen  men  who  were  imported  by  Foxe  into  his  new 
College  of  Corpus  Christi.  From  Oxford  he  is  said  by  Wood 
to  have  been  driven  by  the  plague  to  Cambridge,  with  which 

are  descended.'  And  again,  '  John  Fox  described  as  of  Ropesley,  and  who  probably 
occupied  the  house  where  the  bishop  was  born,  received  from  Sir  Christopher 
Barker,  Garter  (28  Henry  VIII,  i.e.  circa  1536),  a  grant  of  arms,  in  which  the 
pelican  is  introduced  amongst  the  charges  on  a  chief,  but  the  charges  on  the  field 
are  lions'  heads.'  In  the  Wood  MSS,  in  the  Bodleian  Library,  D  n  (i)  pp.  93,  4, 
there  is  a  Pedigree  evidently  intended  to  connect  Foxe  with  the  Lincolnshire  family 
of  Rouse.  From  'the  collections  of  Rob.  Sanderson  DD,  Bp.  of  Lync,  which 
he  collected  out  of  certaine  charters  in  the  custody  of  Newton  of  Haydor  Arm, 
p.  345,'  it  appears  that  Nich.  Roys  of  Grantham  had  a  son  John  Roys,  who  mar- 
ried a  wife  Juliana,  by  whom  he  had  a  son  John  Roys  of  Grantham  (17  Ed.  3),  who 
had  a  daughter  Juliana,  married  to  one  Fox  (10  H.  4),  having  issue  George  Fox 
of  Roppesley  (10  H.  4),  who  married  a  wife  Rosa  (10  H.  4).  The  pedigree  is  not 
carried  beyond  this  point. 

1  Hist,  and  Antiq.  of  Colleges  and  Halls,  sub  C.C.C.  The  present  Grammar 
School  at  Boston  was  endowed  by  Queen  Mary  in  1554.  But  there  appears  to 
have  been  an  earlier  grammar-school  founded,  in  1510,  by  the  Guild  of  the  Blessed 
Mary.  See  History  of  the  County  of  Lincoln,  published  at  London  and  Lincoln 
by  John  Saunders,  Junr.,  1834.  Of  course,  there  may  have  been  a  grammar-school 
prior  to  this,  or  a  school  or  schools  attached  to  one  or  more  of  the  religious  houses. 
But  of  such  we  have  no  record. 

• 2  There  are  several  copies,  with  slight  variations,  of  Greneway's  Life  of  Foxe  in 
the  Corpus  Library.  See  MS.  280.  There  is  no  documentary  evidence  at  Magdalen 
of  Foxe  ever  having  been  a  student  there.  " 

3  Fulman  MSS.  in  the  C.C.C.  Library,  vol.  ix.  fol.  9b. 


EARLY   YEARS.  3 

University  he  was  subsequently  connected  as  Chancellor,  and, 
at  a  still  later  period,  as  Master  of  Pembroke.  He  did  not, 
however,  remain  long  in  either  of  the  English  seats  of  learning. 
'  Long  continuance  in  those  places,'  says  William  Harrison  in 
his  Description  of  England  (and  ed.,  1586),  'is  either  a  sign 
of  lack  of  friends  or  of  learning,  or  of  good  and  upright  life,  as 
bishop  Fox  sometimes  noted,  who  thought  it  sacrilege  for  a 
man  to  tarry  any  longer  at  Oxford  than  he  had  a  desire  to 
profit.' 

Impelled  mainly,  perhaps,  by  the  love  of  learning  ({ litera- 
rum  desiderio  incensus,'  according  to  Greneway),  which, 
owing  to  the  respective  political  conditions  of  the  two  countries, 
it  was  then  far  easier  to  gratify  in  France  than  in  England,  and 
partly,  perhaps,  by  the  desire  of  adventure  and  advancement, 
Foxe  repaired  to  Paris,  at  that  time  a  great  centre  of  attrac- 
tion to  the  curious  and  studious  from  all  parts  of  Europe. 
Here  it  was,  in  all  probability,  and  not  at  either  Oxford  or 
Cambridge  (at  neither  of  which  Universities  is  there  extant 
any  official  record  whatever  of  his  admission  or  graduation), 
that  he  took  the  degree  of  Bachelor,  and  subsequently  of 
Doctor  of  the  Decrees  or  Canon  Law. 

*  During  his  abode  at  Paris'  (I  am  here  following  Fulman1), 
'  it  happened  that  Henry,  Earl  of  Richmond,  the  remaining 
Head  of  the  House  of  Lancaster,  having,  by  the  encourage- 
ment and  endeavours  of  his  friends  in  England,  entertained 
some  hopes  of  regaining  the  crown  into  his  family,  came  with 
the  French  King,  Charles  the  Eighth,  to  Paris,  soliciting  his 
assistance  in  his  enterprise  upon  the  English  crown.  Here 
many  English,  both  of  such  as  daily  fled  out  of  their  country 
and  such  as  were  then  students  in  that  University,  addressed 
themselves  to  the  Earl.  Amongst  which  was  Richard  Foxe, 
then  a  priest  and  Doctor  of  the  Canon  Law,  whom  the  Earl 
finding  to  be  a  man  of  good  abilities  and  aptitude  for  the 
managing  of  public  business,  took  him  into  special  favour  and 
familiarity,  and  presently  employed  him  in  matters  of  no  mean 
concernment.  For  the  Earl's  affairs  were  then  in  such  a  state 
as  required  not  only  diligence  but  speed,  lest  any  delay  should 

1  MSS.  in  C.  C.  C.  Library,  vol.  ix.  fol.  9  b. 
B  2, 


4  RICHARD  FOXE. 

discourage  those  that  attended  him  in  France  or  expected  him 
in  England,  so  that  he  was  forced  to  leave  Paris,  where  things 
went  on  but  slowly,  by  reason  of  the  many  rulers  in  the  King's 
minority,  and  depart  to  Rouen,  to  hasten  the  preparations  for 
his  voyage :  whereupon  he  made  choice  of  Doctor  Foxe  to 
stay  behind  and  pursue  his  negotiations  in  the  French  Court, 
which  he  performed  with  such  dexterity  and  success  as  gave 
great  satisfaction  to  the  Earl.' 

The  first  definite  notice  we  have  of  Foxe,  in  any  original 
document,  is  in  a  letter  of  Richard  III,  dated  22  Jan.  1484-5 
(preserved  in  Stow's  London  and  Westminster,  sub  Step- 
ney1), in  which  the  king  intervenes  to  prevent  his  institution 
to  the  vicarage  of  Stepney,  on  the  ground  that  he  is  with  the 
'  great  rebel,  Henry  ap  Tuddor.'  The  king's  nominee,  how- 
ever, was  never  instituted,  and  Foxe  (who  is  described  in  the 
Bishop's  register  as  L.  B.)  had,  in  fact,  without  the  king's 
knowledge,  been  already  instituted  by  proxy,  on  Oct.  30,  1484. 

A  story  is  told  of  Foxe  2,  which,  though  probably  perverted 
or  exaggerated  by  transmission,  is  eminently  characteristic  of 
the  ambition  of  the  young  ecclesiastics  of  the  time  :  '  A  very 
old  woman  there  (i.  e.  at  Ropesley)  told  us  that  she  had 
heard  it  when  she  was  young,  that  Richard  Foxe  went  away 
very  meanely  from  his  parents  into  France  when  he  was  young, 
and,  after  some  time  spent  there,  returned  to  his  parents 
againe  in  very  good  sort ;  and,  when  they  would  have  had 
him  stay  with  them,  he  refused,  saying  he  must  over  sea 
again,  and,  if  one  thing  hit  out  aright,  all  Ropesley  should  not 
serve  him  for  his  Kitchen.'  Mr.  Chisholm  Batten3  thinks 
that  this  story  may  be  referred  to  the  spring  or  summer  of 
1484,  when  Foxe  may  have  come  over  from  France  to  Eng- 

1  I  was  originally,  in  writing  my  article  on  Foxe  in  the  Dictionary  of  National 
Biography,  indebted  to  a  personal  communication  from  Mr.  Chisholm  Batten  for 
my  knowledge  of  these  facts.     His  work,  subsequently  published,  has  enabled  me 
to  correct  the  date  and  to  state  more  accurately  the  circumstances  mentioned  in  the 
next  sentence. 

2  The  original  story  (which  I  have  given  in  the  text)  is  told  in  Twine's  Collec- 
tanea, C.  C.  C.  MSS.,  No.  280,  f.  194  b.    It  is  copied  by  Fulman,  almost  exactly,  in 
the  Fulman  MSS.,  vol.  9.  fol.  26  a,  and  by  Wood,  Colleges  and  Halls,  pp.  352,  3, 
with  some  variations. 

3  Life  of  Fox,  p.  6. 


EPISCOPAL  PROMOTIONS.  5 

land,  previously  to  being  presented  to  the  vicarage  of  Stepney, 
and  that  the  '  one  thing '  may  have  been  the  renewed  invasion 
of  England  by  Richmond. 

Mr.  Batten  also  supposes  that  Foxe  acted  as  Secretary  to 
Richmond  from  January,  1485,  while  they  were  still  in  France. 
He  was  by  Richmond's  side  when  they  landed  at  Milford  Haven, 
and  while  the  Earl,  beginning  the  Psalm,  '  Judica  me  Deus  et 
decerne  causam  meam,'  kissed  the  ground  and  signed  himself 
with  the  Cross.  And,  after  the  great  victory  of  Bosworth 
Field  (22  Aug.  1485),  he  was  the  chief  of  the  ecclesiastics  who 
lifted  up  their  voices  in  prayer.  Soon  after  this  victory,  the 
Earl  (now  Henry  VII)  constituted  a  council  in  which  were 
included  the  two  friends  and  fellow-fugitives,  Morton,  bishop 
of  Ely,  and  Richard  Foxe,  'vigilant  men  and  secret,'  says 
Bacon,  'and  such  as  kept  watch  with  him  almost  upon  all 
men  else.'  On  Foxe  were  conferred  in  rapid  succession, 
besides  various  minor  posts,  the  offices  of  principal  secretary 
of  state  (in  which,  however,  he  may,  perhaps,  be  said  to  have 
been  continued  rather  than  appointed),  lord  privy  seal,  and 
bishop  of  Exeter.  The  temporalities  of  the  see  of  Exeter 
were  restored  on  March  25,  1487,  and  the  consecration  took 
place  in  Norwich  Cathedral  on  April  8,  following,  Morton, 
Courtenay,  and  James  officiating1.  As  Lord  Privy  Seal,  he 
could,  of  course,  spare  little  time  for  diocesan  work,  and  he 
at  once  appointed  a  vicar  general  and  a  suffragan  bishop, 
evidently  reserving  himself  for  affairs  of  state.  '  In  conferring 
orders,'  says  Fulman,  '  and  such  like  episcopal  administra- 
tions, he  made  use  of  Thomas  [Cornish,  afterwards  provost 
of  Oriel  and  precentor  of  Wells],  titular  bishop  of  Tine,  as  his 
suffragan ;  himself,  for  the  most  part,  as  it  seems,  being 
detained  by  his  public  employments  about  the  court.'  On 
28  Nov.  of  this  same  year  was  signed  at  Edinburgh  a  treaty2 
between  Henry  VII  and  James  III,  which  had  been  nego- 
tiated, on  the  part  of  England,  by  Foxe  and  Sir  Richard 
Edgcombe,  controller  of  the  king's  household.  This  treaty 
provided  for  a  truce  and  also  for  certain  intermarriages,  in- 

1  Stubbs'  Registrum  Sacrum. 

3  My  authority  for  this,  as  for  any  subsequent  treaties  mentioned,  is  Rymer's 
Fcedera. 


6  RICHARD  FOXE. 

eluding  that  of  the  king  of  Scots  to  Queen  Elizabeth,  widow 
of  Edward  IV,  but  the  negotiations  were  afterwards  broken 
off,  in  consequence,  it  is  said,  of  Henry's  unwillingness  to 
cede  Berwick.  In  the  summer  of  1491  Foxe  was  honoured 
by  being  asked  to  baptise  the  king's  second  son,  Prince 
Henry,  afterwards  Henry  VIII1.  Shortly  afterwards  (by 
papal  bull  dated  8  Feb.  1491-2)  he  was  translated  to  the 
see  of  Bath  and  Wells,  the  episcopal  work  being,  as  at  Exeter, 
delegated  to  the  titular  bishop  of  Tine  (i.e.  Tenos,  a  sinecure 
bishopric  in  the  yEgean  Archipelago),  who  already  combined 
the  duties  of  suffragan  of  this  diocese  with  those  of  the 
diocese  of  Exeter2.  In  the  treaty  of  Estaples  (3  Nov.  1492), 
which  terminated  the  siege  of  Boulogne  and  the  war  recently 
commenced  with  Charles  VIII  of  France,  Foxe  is  mentioned 
first  of  the  English  ambassadors,  Giles,  Lord  Daubeney,  being 
second,  and  others  following. 

In  1494  (the  temporalities  were  restored  on  8  Dec.)  Foxe 
was  translated  to  Durham,  probably  not  merely  for  the  sake 
of  advancement,  but  because  his  diplomatic  talents  were  likely 
to  be  useful  to  the  king  on  the  Scottish  border.  In  this 
diocese  he  seems  to  have  been  resident,  and  he  left  a  per- 
manent memorial  of  himself  in  the  alterations  which  he  made 
in  the  buttery  of  the  castle.  It  may  be  noticed  that  the 
woodwork  in  these  alterations,  which  bears  the  date  of  1499, 
already  exhibits  Foxe's  device  of  the  pelican  in  her  piety,  with 
his  usual  motto,  '  Est  Deo  gracia.'  In  April  1496  Foxe  acted 
as  first  commissioner  in  settling  the  important  treaty  called 
'Intercursus  Magnus'  (see  Bacon,  '  Henry  VII')  with  Philip, 
archduke  of  Austria  and  Duke  of  Burgundy,  regulating  divers 
matters  concerning  commerce,  fishing,  and  the  treatment  of 
rebels,  as  between  England  and  Flanders.  In  the  summer  of 

1  In  Foxe's  examination  before  \Volman  he  is  reported  as  having  distinctly 
stated  that  he  baptised  (baptizavit)  Prince  Henry.     This  statement  is  fully  con- 
firmed by  a  document  in  the  College  of  Arms,  of  which  a  copy  may  be  found  in 
the  Ashmolean  MSS.  vol.  mcxv.  fol.  92.  The  statement  of  Harpsfield  (Hist.  Angl. 
Eccl.)  and  others  that  Foxe  was  godfather  is  founded,  probably,  on  a  perverted 
tradition  of  the  baptism. 

2  Mr.  Batten  says  that  Foxe  did  not  appoint  Bishop  Cornish  to  act  definitely  for 
him  as  Suffragan,  as  he  had  done  at  Exeter,  but  that  he  received  a  special  com- 
mission from  Dr.  Nykke,  the  Vicar  General,  on  each  occasion. 


DIPLOMATIC  ENGAGEMENTS.  7 

1497,  during  the  troubles  connected  with  Perkin  Warbeck, 
who  was  now  a  fugitive  and  under  the  protection  of  James  IV 
of  Scotland,  that  king  invaded  England,  and  besieged  the 
castle  of  Norham.  '  But,'  says  Bacon,  '  Foxe,  bishop  of 
Duresme,  a  wise  man,  and  one  that  could  see  through  the 
present  to  the  future,  doubting  as  much  before,  had  caused 
his  castle  of  Norham  to  be  strongly  fortified,  and  furnished 
with  all  kind  of  munition,  and  had  manned  it  likewise  with 
a  very  great  number  of  tall  soldiers  more  than  for  the  pro- 
portion of  the  castle,  reckoning  rather  upon  a  sharp  assault 
than  a  long  siege.  And  for  the  country,  likewise,  he  had 
caused  the  people  to  withdraw  their  cattle  and  goods  into 
fast  places,  that  were  not  of  easy  approach;  and  sent  in 
post  to  the  Earl  of  Surrey  (who  was  not  far  off  in  York- 
shire) to  come  in  diligence  to  the  succour.  So  as  the  Scot- 
tish king  both  failed  of  doing  good  upon  the  castle,  and 
his  men  had  but  a  catching  harvest  of  their  spoils.  And 
when  he  understood  that  the  Earl  of  Surrey  was  coming 
on  with  great  forces,  he  returned  back  into  Scotland.'  This 
fruitless  siege  was  followed  by  certain  negotiations  with  the 
king  of  Scots  carried  on  by  Foxe  with  the  assistance  of 
D'Ayala,  the  Spanish  envoy  of  Ferdinand  and  Isabella,  who 
had  been  interested  by  Henry  in  his  affairs.  The  result  was 
that,  though  James  refused  to  surrender  Perkin  Warbeck  to 
the  king  of  England,  he  contrived  to  facilitate  his  withdrawal 
to  Ireland,  and  in  December  1497  a  long  truce  was  concluded 
between  the  two  kingdoms.  In  the  following  year  (probably 
in  November  1498)  the  peace  thus  established  was  in  great 
danger  of  being  again  broken  through  the  rough  treatment 
which  some  Scottish  stragglers  had  received  at  the  hands  of 
the  English  soldiery  quartered  at  Norham  Castle.  James  was 
highly  indignant  at  this  outrage,  but  Foxe  being  appointed 
by  Henry  to  mediate,  and  obtaining  an  interview  with  the 
Scottish  king  at  Melrose  Abbey,  skilfully  brought  about  a 
reconciliation.  The  Scottish  king  appears  to  have  taken 
advantage  of  the  occasion  to  propose,  or  rather  revive  (for  as 
early  as  1495  a  commission  to  treat  in  this  matter  had  been 
issued  to  Foxe  and  others),  a  project  for  a  closer  connexion 


8  RICHARD  FOXE. 

between  the  two  kingdoms  by  means  of  his  own  marriage  with 
the  Princess  Margaret,  eldest  daughter  of  Henry  VII.  The 
offer  was  readily,  if  not  greedily,  accepted  by  Henry,  though, 
on  Foxe's  advice,  he  determined  to  move  in  the  matter  slowly. 
It  was  not  till  n  Sept.  1499  that  the  second,  and  more 
effective,  commission  was  issued  to  Foxe,  as  sole  commissioner, 
empowering  him  to  arrange  the  preliminaries  of  this  marriage 
with  the  Scottish  court.  The  marriage  itself,  which  resulted 
in  the  permanent  union  of  the  English  and  Scottish  crowns 
under  James  VI,  did  not  take  place  till  the  8th  of  August 
1503.  Another  marriage,  almost  equally  important  in  its 
consequences,  that  between  Prince  Arthur,  the  king's  eldest 
son,  and  Catherine  of  Arragon,  subsequently  the  divorced 
wife  of  Henry  VIII,  had  been  solemnised  on  14  Nov.  1501. 
'  The  manner  of  her  receiving,'  says  Bacon,  'the  manner  of  her 
entry  into  London,  and  the  celebrity  of  her  marriage,  were  per- 
formed with  great  and  true  magnificence,  in  regard  of  cost,  show, 
and  order.  The  chief  man  that  took  the  care  was  Bp.  Foxe, 
who  was  not  only  a  grave  counsellor  for  war  or  peace,  but 
also  a  good  surveyor  of  works1,  and  a  good  master  of  cere- 
monies, and  any  thing  else  that  was  fit  for  the  active  part 
belonging  to  the  service  of  court  or  state  of  a  great  king.' 

Shortly  before  this  event  Foxe  had  been  translated  from 
Durham  to  Winchester,  the  temporalities  of  which  see  were 
restored  to  him  on  17  Oct.  1501.  It  is  probable  that,  besides 
his  desire  to  reward  Foxe  still  further  (for  Winchester  at  that 
time  was  not  only  the  highest  in  dignity  of  all  the  bishoprics, 
but  is  said  to  have  been  the  richest  see  in  England),  the  king 
was  anxious  to  have  him  nearer  the  court,  especially  as  the 
differences  with  Scotland  might  now  seem  to  have  been  per- 
manently settled.  In  1500  Foxe  also  held  the  dignity  of 
chancellor  of  the  university  of  Cambridge,  then  an  annual 
office. 

One  of  the  first  cares  of  Bp.  Foxe,  after  his  appointment  to 
Winchester,  was  probably  the  construction  of  the  present  roof 

1  It  appears  that  Foxe  was  skilled  in  engineering  not  only  from  the  above 
account  of  his  defence  of  Norham  Castle,  but  also  from  a  letter  of  his  dated  April 
30,  1522  (preserved  in  Ellis'  Letters,  2nd  Series,  vol.  ii),  in  which  he  speaks  of 
having  improved  the  haven  of  Calais  by  the  construction  of  sluices. 


POLITICAL  LIFE.  9 

of  the  choir  in  the  Cathedral.  Mr.  Chisholm  Batten  and  the 
present  Dean  (Dr.  Kitchin)  are  of  opinion  that  the  internal 
roof  was  completed  and  decorated  by  Foxe  before  the  end  of 
1502,  as,  among  the  coats  of  arms  which  are  to  be  found  on 
the  bosses,  are  those  of  Arthur,  Prince  of  Wales,  and  Catherine 
of  Arragon,  and  these,  they  think,  would  hardly  have  been 
inserted,  had  not  the  roof  been  in  substance  completed  before 
Prince  Arthur's  untimely  death.  The  flying  buttresses,  which 
support  the  choir  roof,  and  have  Foxe's  pelican  carved  on 
them,  are  referred  by  Mr.  Batten  to  the  same  period. 

It  is  probably  to  1504  that  we  may  refer  the  story  told  of 
Foxe  by  Erasmus  (Ecclesiastes,  bk.  ii.  ed.  Klein,  ch.  150 ;  cp. 
Holinshed,  Chronicles),  and  communicated  to  him,  as  he  says, 
by  Sir  Thomas  More.  Foxe  had  been  appointed  chief  com- 
missioner for  the  purpose  of  raising  a  loan  from  the  clergy. 
Some  came  in  splendid  apparel  and  pleaded  that  their  ex- 
penses left  them  nothing  to  spare  ;  others  came  meanly  clad, 
as  evidence  of  their  poverty.  The  bishop  retorted  on  the  first 
class  that  their  dress  showed  their  ability  to  pay;  on  the 
second  that,  if  they  dressed  so  meanly,  they  must  be  hoarding 
money,  and  therefore  have  something  to  spare  for  the  king's 
service.  A  similar  story  is  told  of  Morton,  as  having  occurred 
at  an  earlier  date,  by  Bacon  (Hist.  Henry  VII),  and  the 
dilemma  is  usually  known  as  Morton's  fork  or  Morton's  crutch. 
It  is  possible  that  it  may  be  true  of  both  prelates,  but  the 
authority  ascribing  it  to  Foxe  appears  to  be  the  earlier  of  the 
two.  It  is  curious  that  Bacon  speaks  only  of  '  a  tradition ' 
of  Morton's  dilemma,  whereas  Erasmus  professes  to  have 
heard  the  story  of  Foxe  directly  from  Sir  Thomas  More,  while 
still  a  young  man,  and,  therefore,  a  junior  contemporary  of 
Foxe. 

The  imputation  cast  on  Morton  and  Foxe  by  Tyndale  (The 
Practice  of  Prelates,  Parker  Soc.  ed.  p.  305),  that  they  revealed 
to  Henry  VII  '  the  confessions  of  as  many  lords  as  his  grace 
lusted,'  is  one  which  it  is  now  impossible  to  examine,  but  it 
may  be  due  merely  to  the  ill-natured  gossip  of  the  enemies  of 
these  prelates  or  of  the  catholic  clergy  generally.  It  is  equally 
impossible,  with  the  materials  at  our  disposal,  to  estimate  the 


10  RICHARD  FOXE. 

justice  of  the  aspersion  put  in  the  mouth  of  Whitford,  Foxe's 
chaplain,  while  attempting  to  dissuade  Sir  Thomas  More  from 
following  the  bishop's  counsel  (Roper,  Life  of  More,  ad  init), 
that  '  my  lord,  to  serve  the  king's  turn,  will  not  stick  to  agree 
to  his  own  father's  death.' 

In  the  year  I5041,  Abp.  Warham  and  Bp.  Foxe  were  named 
by  the  Pope,  Julius  II,  as  commissioners  to  continue  an 
enquiry  into  the  claims  of  Henry  VI  to  canonization.  This 
enquiry  had  been  begun  many  years  before,  and  seems  to 
have  lingered  on  indefinitely,  or,  as  Bacon  puts  it,  'died  under 
the  reference.'  '  The  general  opinion  was  that  Pope  Julius  was 
too  dear,  and  that  the  king  would  not  come  to  his  rates.'  But 
the  more  probable  account  of  the  matter,  Bacon  thinks,  is 
that  the  Pope,  jealous  of  the  reputation  of  his  see,  '  was 
afraid  it  would  but  diminish  the  estimation  of  that  kind  of 
honour,  if  there  were  not  a  distance  kept  between  innocents 
and  saints 2.' 

Notwithstanding  his  immersion  in  public  business  (the  Dean 
of  Wells,  who  had  business  with  him,  on  behalf  of  the  Wells 
Chapter,  in  1506,  says  :  '  ye  wolde  wonder  what  causes  he  hath 
to  do  and  therefore  we  must  abide  his  leisure ' 3),  he  found 
time  to  maintain  the  discipline  of  his  diocese.  According  to 
extracts  made  by  Mr.  Batten4  from  Bp.  Foxe's  Register 
at  Winchester,  he  issued  directions  from  Esher  on  July  6, 1505, 
to  his  archdeacons  to  visit  personally  all  the  churches  in  their 
respective  archdeaconries  and  to  insist  upon  the  residence  .of 
all  the  parochial  clergy;  and  he  had  not  long  before  issued 
an  inhibition  that  no  excommunicated  person  was  to  be 
allowed  to  receive  the  Eucharist. 

This,  perhaps,  is  the  best  place  in  which  to  speak  of  Foxe's 
relations  to  Colleges  in  Oxford  other  than  that  of  his  own 
foundation.  While  Bishop  of  Exeter,  he  obtained  a  license 
in  mortmain  for  a  benefaction  not  exceeding  £100  a  year, 

1  See  Mr.  Batten's  Life  of  Foxe,  pp.  70,  71. 

2  Bacon's  Life  of  Henry  VII,  Ellis  and  Spedding's  Edition  of  Bacon's  Works, 
vol.  vi,  pp.  233,  4. 

3  Mr.  Batten's  Life  of  Foxe,  p.  73. 
*  Life,' p.  75. 


RELATIONS  TO  OXFORD  COLLEGES.  II 

to  the  President  and  Fellows  of  Magdalen,  in  return  for  which 
prayers  were  to  be  said  for  him  daily,  at  mass,  during  his  life- 
time, and,  after  his  death,  a  requiem  mass  and  a  yearly  obit  l. 
This  benefaction  affords  confirmatory  evidence  of  Foxe's  pre- 
vious connexion  with  the  College,  though  it  may  have  been 
simply  due  to  his  friendship  with  Claymond  and  other  Fellows. 
In  1506,  being  now,  as  Bishop  of  Winchester,  Visitor  of  the 
College,  he  held,  through  his  commissary,  an  important 
Visitation,  which  led  to  the  removal  of  the  President,  Richard 
Mayew,  Bishop  of  Hereford,  on  the  ground  of  the  incompatibi- 
lity of  his  other  employments  with  the  duties  of  the  Presidency, 
as  well  as  to  other  changes,  for  which  see  Dr.  Ingram's 
Memorials  of  Oxford,  ch.  on  C.  C.  C.  pp.  5,  6,  and  Mr.  H.  A. 
Wilson's  Article  on  Magdalen  College  in  The  Colleges  of 
Oxford,  p.  240.  In  the  same  year,  letters  were  issued  by 
Pope  Julius  the  Second  to  Foxe  and  Layborn  or  Leybourne, 
Bishop  of  Carlisle,  commissioning  them,  or  either  of  them,  to 
draw  up  an  amended  form  of  statutes  for  Balliol  College, 
which  had  suffered  much  from  misgovernment  largely  due,  as 
was  asserted,  to  conflicting  jurisdictions  and  conflicting  codes 
of  statutes.  Layborn,  who  was  Foxe's  immediate  predecessor 
as  Master  of  Pembroke  College,  Cambridge,  had  fallen  ill, 
and,  consequently,  the  work  fell  solely  to  Bishop  Foxe,  who 
accomplished  it  so  well  that  his  statutes  remained  in  full 
vigour  till  they  were  replaced  by  the  ordinances  of  i8552. 
The  language  of  these  statutes  has  the  literary  ring  of  Foxe's 
Statutes,  ten  years  later,  for  his  own  College,  and  thus  forms 
a  contrast  with  that  of  the  more  distinctively  mediaeval  codes. 
In  the  Statute  De  Visitatore  (p.  21),  the  Master  and  Fellows 
are  enjoined  to  elect  a  Visitor,  possessing  certain  ecclesias- 
tical, pecuniary  and  academical  qualifications,  and  it  is  probable 
that  Bp.  Foxe  was  himself  the  first  Visitor  elected  under  this 
Statute.  Any  way,  Foxe  was  Visitor  of  Balliol  in  1511,  as,  on 


1  See  Old  Statutes  of  Oxford  Colleges,  vol.  ii.  pp.  104-5.  T^61"6  are  also  two 
Decrees  of  Bp.  Foxe  printed  in  the  Appendix  to  the  Magdalen  Statutes,  pp.  108-9, 
iio-n  respectively. 

8  For  some  account  of  these  statutes,  see  Mr.  R.  L.  Poole's  admirable  article  on 
Balliol  College  in  The  Colleges  of  Oxford,  pp.  29-33.  They  are  published  at 
length  in  the  Old  College  Statutes,  vol.  i.  pp.  1-22. 


12  RICHARD  FOXE. 

October  18  in  that  year,  the  Fellows  petition  him  to  confirm 
the  election  of  Thomas  Cisson,  whom  they  had  elected  Master. 
A  like  petition  was  presented,  some  years  afterwards,  in  the 
case  of  Richard  Stubbys,  who  was  confirmed  as  Master  on 
April  24,  151 8 J. 

Of  Foxe's  connexion  with  St.  John's,  Pembroke,  and  King's 
Colleges,  Cambridge,  I  shall  speak  subsequently. 

The  year  before  the  king's  death  (1508)  Foxe  with  other 
commissioners  succeeded  in  completing  at  Calais  a  treaty  of 
marriage  between  the  king's  younger  daughter,  the  Princess 
Mary,  and  Charles,  prince  of  Castile  and  archduke  of  Austria, 
subsequently  the  Emperor  Charles  V.  Though  the  marriage 
itself  never  took  place,  the  child-prince  was  betrothed,  by 
proxy,  to  the  child-princess  at  Richmond  on  17  Dec.  of  this 
year  (see  Rymer,  Foedera,  xiii.  236-9),  and  the  immediate 
objects  of  the  alliance  were  thus  secured. 

On  22  April  1509  Henry  VII  died.  Foxe  was  one  of  his 
executors,  Fisher,  bishop  of  Rochester,  whose  preferment  had 
been  given  to  him  solely  on  Foxe's  recommendation2,  being 
another.  It  is  said  by  Harpsfield  that  Henry  had  specially 
commended  his  son  to  Foxe's  care,  and  it  is  certain  that  he 
was  continued  in  all  the  places  of  trust  which  he  had  occupied 
in  the  previous  reign.  According  to  Archbishop  Parker  (De 
Antiquitate  Britannicae  Ecclesiae),  Warham  and  Foxe,  the  two 
first  named  on  the  new  king's  council,  took  different  sides  on 
the  first  question  of  importance  which  was  discussed  within 
it.  Warham  was  averse  to,  while  Foxe  advised  the  marriage 
with  Catherine,  who  had  remained  in  England  ever  since  the 
death  of  her  first  husband,  Prince  Arthur.  The  marriage  was 
solemnised  almost  immediately  afterwards  by  the  Archbishop 
himself,  and  the  new  king  and  queen  were  crowned  together 
at  Westminster  a  few  weeks  afterwards.  It  is  insinuated  by 

1  The  deeds  of  confirmation  in  the  Balliol  Archives  are  numbered  respectively 
D.  3.  3.  and  D.  3.  5.     This  information  I  have  obtained  through  the  kindness  of 
Mr.  R.  L.  Poole.     Ingram  (Memorials  of  Oxford,  C.  C.  C.,  p.  8)  speaks  of  three 
Masters  admitted  by  Foxe  between  1511  and  1525,  but  Mr.  Poole  informs  me  that 
William  Whyte,  who  became  Master  in  1525,  was  admitted  by  John  Alyn,  acting 
under  the  legatine  commission  of  Cardinal  Wolsey. 

2  See  Fisher's  dedication  of  his  work  on  the  Eucharist  against  CEcolampadius. 


ACCESSION  OF  HENRY  VIII.  13 

Parker  that  Foxe's  advice  was  dictated  solely  by  reasons  of 
state,  Warham's  by  religious  scruples.  Foxe  had  been  pre- 
sent, and  presided,  on  27  June  1505,  when  Henry,  instigated, 
or  at  least  not  opposed,  by  his  father  (see  Ranke,  History  of 
England,  bk.  ii.  ch.  2),  had  solemnly  protested,  on  the  ground 
of  his  youth,  against  the  validity  of  the  engagement  with 
Catherine  ;  but  this  conduct  does  not  necessarily  prove  incon- 
sistency, as  the  object  of  Henry  and  his  father  may  have  been 
merely  to  keep  the  question  open,  and  subsequent  events 
may  have  persuaded  Foxe  of  the  desirability  of  the  marriage, 
while  he  probably  never  doubted  its  legitimacy. 

The  king's  coronation  was  speedily  followed  by  the  death 
of  his  grandmother,  the  '  Lady  Margaret,'  as  she  is  usually 
called,  countess  of  Richmond  and  Derby.  This  pious  lady 
named  Foxe,  in  whom  she  appears  to  have  reposed  great 
confidence,  together  with  Fisher  and  others,  as  one  of  her 
executors.  He  was  thus  concerned  in  what  was  probably  the 
congenial  employment  of  settling  the  incomplete  foundation 
of  St.  John's  College,  Cambridge  (that  of  Christ's  had  been 
completed  before  the  Lady  Margaret's  death),  though  the 
principal  merit  of  this  work  must  be  assigned  to  Fisher.  In 
1507  Foxe  had  been  elected  master  of  Pembroke  College  or 
Hall,  in  the  same  University,  and  continued  to  hold  the  office 
till  1519.  Richard  Parker  (Leland,  Collectanea,  vol.  v.),  writing 
in  1622,  describes  him  as  a  former  fellow  of  Pembroke,  and 
Doctor  of  Law  of  Paris.  Like  some  of  his  predecessors  and 
successors  in  the  same  office,  Foxe  (who  was,  of  course,  non- 
resident) seems  to  have  been  elected  to  the  Mastership,  rather 
for  the  purpose  of  acting  in  the  capacity  of  patron  and  de- 
fender of  the  rights  of  the  College,  than  of  administering  its 
affairs1. 

According  to  Polydore  Vergil,  the  chief  authority  in  Henry's 
council  soon  fell  into  the  hands  of  Foxe  and  Thomas  Howard, 
earl  of  Surrey.  And  according  to  the  same  writer  (in  whom, 

1  The  Rev.  E.  Heriz  Smith,  Fellow  of  Pembroke  College,  has  kindly  copied  for 
me  the  document  in  which  the  Fellows  of  the  time  petition  Foxe  to  accept  the 
appointment.  They  have  unanimously  elected  him,  and  protest  that  they  know 
not  to  whom  else  to  turn.  If  he  will  consent,  he  will  oblige  sixteen  priests,  and 
their  successors,  to  pray  for  him  daily. 


14  RICHARD  FOXE. 

however,  as  Lord  Herbert  of  Cherbury  remarks,  '  I  have  ob- 
served not  a  little  malignity'),  mutual  jealousies  and  differences 
soon  sprung  up  between  these  two  powerful  counsellors.  One 
cause  at  least  assigned  for  these  differences  seems  highly  pro- 
bable, namely,  the  propensity  of  Surrey  to  squander  the  wealth 
which,  under  the  previous  reign,  Foxe  and  his  master  had  so 
diligently  collected  and  so  carefully  husbanded. 

The  influence  of  Foxe  at  Court  at  this  time  comes  out 
emphatically  in  a  despatch  of  Badoer,  the  Venetian  ambassa- 
dor, dated  May  24,  1510  (Calendar  of  State  Papers,  Venetian), 
in  which  he  says  that  the  Bishop  of  Winchester  is  '  alter  rex.' 
The  Spanish  ambassador,  writing  five  days  afterwards  (May  29, 
Calendar  of  State  Papers,  Spanish),  says :  '  All  business 
affairs  are  in  the  hands  of  the  Bp.  of  Durham  (Ruthall)  and 
the  Bp.  of  Winchester.'  He  then  proceeds  to  state  how  he 
endeavoured  to  gain  the  good-will  of  these  two  prelates  by 
stratagem,  and  how  he  promoted  his  objects  by  dangling 
cardinals'  hats  in  their  eyes.  It  appears,  however,  even  from 
his  own  account,  that  the  English  bishops  shewed  their  inde- 
pendence by  replying  to  his  overtures  that '  the  English  did 
not  solicit  favours  ;  if  they  did  so,  they  would,  they  thought, 
be  oftener  made  cardinals.'  It  may  here  be  noticed  that  the 
Venetian  despatches  shew  throughout  and  fully  recognise  the 
favourable  disposition  of  Foxe  towards  the  Republic.  Indeed, 
Giustinian  (July  17,  1516)  ascribes  his  withdrawal  from  office 
to  the  succour  given  by  the  King  to  the  Emperor  against 
France  and  Venice.  But,  though  this  may  have  been  one 
cause,  I  cannot  doubt  that  the  others,  mentioned  below, 
largely  co-operated. 

The  altercation  between  Warham  and  Foxe  (1510-13)  as 
to  the  prerogatives  of  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury  with 
regard  to  the  probate  of  wills  and  the  administration  of  the 
estates  of  intestates,  is  narrated  at  length  by  Archbishop 
Parker  in  the  work  above  cited,  and  is  confirmed  by  docu- 
mentary evidence.  Foxe,  supported  by  Bishops  Fitzjames, 
Smith,  and  Oldham,  appealed  to  Rome,  but,  as  the  cause  was 
unduly  spun  out  in  the  papal  court,  they  finally  procured  its 
reference  to  the  king,  who  decided  the  points  mainly  in  their 


RELATIONS   WITH  WOLSEY.  15 

favour.  It  was  with  reference  to  this  dispute  that  Foxe,  in 
reply  to  a  remark  of  the  Archbishop,  is  said  to  have  used  the 
expression  that,  if  Canterbury  had  the  higher  rack,  Winchester 
had  the  deeper  manger. 

In  1510  Foxe  was  employed,  in  common  with  Ruthall, 
bishop  of  Durham,  and  the  Earl  of  Surrey,  to  conclude  a 
treaty  of  peace  with  Louis  XII  of  France.  But  this  peace 
was  not  destined  to  last  long,  and  the  war  with  France,  which 
broke  out  in  1513,  brought  another  and  a  younger  counsellor 
to  the  front.  '  Wolsey's  vast  influence  with  the  king,'  says 
J.  S.  Brewer  (Reign  of  Henry  VIII)  'dates  from  this  event. 
Though  holding  no  higher  rank  than  that  of  almoner,  it  is 
clear  that  the  management  of  the  war,  in  all  its  multifarious 

details,  has  fallen  into  his  hands Well   may  Fox  say, 

"  I  pray  God  send  us  with  speed,  and  soon  deliver  you  out  of 
your  outrageous  charge  and  labour,  else  ye  shall  have  a  cold 
stomach,  little  sleep,  pale  visage,  and  a  thin  belly,  cum  pari 
egestione" '  This  letter  (No.  4103  in  Letters  and  Papers  of 
Henry  VIII)  was  written  by  Foxe  on  May  ai,  1513,  while  he 
was  busy  equipping  and  provisioning  the  fleet  at  Portsmouth 
and  Southampton.  A  little  later  in  the  year,  Wolsey,  Foxe, 
and  Ruthall  all  attended  the  army  which  invaded  France,  the 
former  with  two  hundred,  the  two  latter  with  one  hundred 
men  each  ;  but  it  does  not  follow  that  these  ecclesiastics  were 
present  at  any  engagement.  On  7  Aug.  1514,  a  treaty  of 
peace  and  also  a  treaty  of  marriage  between  Louis  XII  and 
the  Princess  Mary  were  concluded  at  London,  Foxe  being  one 
of  the  commissioners.  At  this  time  J.  S.  Brewer  regards  him 
as  still  powerful  in  the  council,  though  his  influence  was 
inferior  to  that  of  Wolsey  who  now  stood  first,  of  Surrey  (now 
Duke  of  Norfolk),  and  of  Charles  Brandon,  Duke  of  Suffolk. 
Warham  appears  to  have  fallen  almost  altogether  out  of  con- 
sideration, a  position  which  he  may  have  owed  to  his  rudeness 
and  moroseness,  while  Foxe's  continued  influence  may  have 
been  partly  due  to  the  gentleness  and  sweetness  of  his  dis- 
position. '  He  was,'  says  Giustinian,  the  Venetian  ambassa- 
dor, '  a  lord  of  extreme  authority  and  goodness.'  But  ad- 
vancing years,  combined  probably  with  weariness  of  political 


1 6  RICHARD  FOXE. 

life,  with  a  certain  disinclination  to  the  foreign  policy,  favour- 
able to  the  empire  and  antagonistic  to  France,  which  now 
prevailed,  and,  there  can  be  no  doubt  from  his  extant  letters, 
with  genuine  compunction  for  the  prolonged  neglect  of  his 
spiritual  duties,  made  him  anxious  to  retire  from  affairs  of 
state.  At  the  beginning  of  1516  he  resigned  the  custody  of 
the  privy  seal,  which  was  committed  to  Ruthall,  and  hence- 
forth he  seldom  appeared  at  the  council. 

The  traditional  story  of  Wolsey's  ingratitude  to  Foxe,  of 
the  growing  alienation  between  them,  and  of  Foxe  being 
ultimately  driven  from  the  council  board  through  the  intrigues 
of  Wolsey,  '  owes  its  parentage,'  as  Brewer  says,  '  to  the  spite 
of  Polydore  Vergil,  whom  Wolsey  had  committed  to  prison. 
The  historian  would  have  us  believe  that  Wolsey  paved  the 
way  for  his  own  advancement  by  supplanting  Fox,  and  driving 
him  from  the  council  .  .  .  The  insinuation  is  at  variance  with 
the  correspondence  of  the  two  ministers1.  We  see  in  their 
letters  not  only  the  cordial  friendship  which  existed  between 
them,  but  also  the  rooted  disinclination  of  Fox  to  a  life  of 
diplomacy.  It  is  only  with  the  strongest  arguments  that 
Wolsey  can  prevail  on  him  to  give  his  attendance  at  the  court 
and  occupy  his  seat  at  the  council  table.  He  was  always 
anxious  to  get  away.  He  felt  it  inconsistent  with  his  duties  as 
a  bishop  to  be  immersed  in  politics,  and  he  laments  it  to 
Wolsey  in  terms  the  sincerity  of  which  cannot  be  mistaken . . . 
It  must  also  be  remembered  that  Fox  belonged  to  the  old 
order  of  things,  when  monastic  seclusion  to  men  of  his  devout 
turn  seemed  the  only  life  that  deserved  the  name  of  religious. 
Great  was  the  fascination  exercised  by  Henry  VII,  and  still 
more  by  Henry  VIII,  over  the  minds  of  such  men  ;  but  times 
of  compunction  came  when  the  total  alienation  of  thought  and 
action  from  their  duties  as  spiritual  men  became  an  intolerable 
burthen.  So  far  from  driving  Fox  from  the  court,  it  is  the 
utmost  that  Wolsey  can  do  to  bring  him  there,  and  when  he 

1  If,  however,  Giustinian's  account,  (Despatch  of  Aug.  6, 1 5 1 7)  of  the  conversation 
between  his  son  and  Foxe  be  accurate,  the  Bishop  had  said,  about  this  time,  that 
'  Wolsey  was  not  Cardinal,  but  King,  and  that  no  one  in  the  realm  durst  attempt 
anything  prejudicial  to  his  interests.'  He  (Foxe)  had  resigned  the  administration 
of  the  See  of  Bath  to  him. 


RELATIONS   WITH  WOLSEY.  17 

succeeds  it  is  evidently  more  out  of  compassion  for  Wolsey's 
incredible  labours  than  his  own  inclination  V  In  a  letter  to 
Wolsey,  dated  23  April  1516  (Letters  and  Papers  of  the  Reign 
of  Henry  VIII,  ii.  pt.  i.  515),  Foxe  protests  that  he  never  had 
greater  will  to  serve  the  king's  father  than  the  king  himself, 
especially  since  Wolsey's  great  charge,  '  perceiving  better, 
straighter,  and  speedier  ways  of  justice,  and  more  diligence 
and  labour  for  the  king's  right,  duties,  and  profits  to  be  in  you 
than  ever  I  see  in  times  past  in  any  other,  and  that  I  myself 
had  more  ease  in  attendance  upon  you  in  the  said  matters 
than  ever  I  had  before.'  Had  he  not  good  impediment  and 
the  king's  license  to  be  occupied  in  his  cure,  to  make  satisfac- 
tion for  twenty-eight  years'  negligence,  he  would  be  very 
blameable  and  unkind  not  to  accept  the  invitation  to  court, 
considering  Wolsey's  goodness  to  him  in  times  past.  He 
considers  that  Wolsey  has  as  much  labour  of  body,  and 
business  of  mind,  as  ever  any  man  had,  and  with  less  help. 
'  And  I  require  you,  and  heartily  pray  you,  lay  apart  all  such 
business  from  six  of  the  clock  in  the  evening  forward  ;  which, 
if  ye  will  use  it,  shall  after  your  intolerable  labours  greatly 
refresh  you.'  In  a  letter  to  Wolsey,  written  at  a  later  date, 
36  April  1522,  Foxe  speaks  with  still  greater  compunction  of 
his  former  neglect  of  his  spiritual  duties,  and  with  a  still  more 
fixed  determination  to  take  no  further  part  in  the  affairs  of 
state,  to  which  Wolsey  was  endeavouring  to  recall  his  attention : 
'  Truly,  my  singular  good  lord,  since  the  king's  grace  licensed 
me  to  remain  in  my  church  and  thereabouts  upon  my  cure, 
wherein  I  have  been  almost  by  the  space  of  thirty  years  so 
negligent,  that  of  four  several  cathedral  churches  that  I  have 
successively  had,  there  be  two,  scilicet,  "  Excestre  and  Wellys," 
that  I  never  see ;  and  "  innumerable  sawles  whereof  I  never 
see  the  bodyes;"  and  specially  since  by  his  licence  I  left  the 

1  That  Foxe  was  not  driven  from  the  court,  but  receded  spontaneously,  comes 
out  incidentally  in  Fisher's  dedication  to  him  of  his  work  on  the  Real  Presence 
against  CEcolampadius.  Speaking  of  Foxe's  influence  with  Henry  VII,  he  adds, 
'  Quemadmodum  et  te,  quamdiu  per  valetudinem  aulam  frequentare  licuit,  usus  est 
et  illustrissimus  atque  florentissimus  rex  Henricus  octavus.'  Harpsfield  (Hist.  Angl. 
Eccl.  p.  644)  speaks  of  'obrepens  senectus'  as  the  cause  of  Foxe's  renunciation  of 
political  affairs. 

C 


1 8  RICHARD  FOXE. 

keeping  of  his  privy  seal,  and  most  specially  since  my  last 
departing  from  your  good  lordship  and  the  council,  I  have 
determined,  and,  betwixt  God  and  me,  utterly  renounced  the 
meddling  with  worldly  matters  ;  specially  concerning  the  war 
[with  France]  or  anything  to  it  appertaining  (whereof  for  the 
many  intolerable  enormities  that  I  have  seen  ensue  by  the 
said  war  in  time  past,  I  have  no  little  remorse  in  my  con- 
science), thinking  that  if  I  did  continual  penance  for  it  all  the 
days  of  my  life,  though  I  shall  live  twenty  years  longer  than 
I  may  do,  I  could  not  yet  make  sufficient  recompence  there- 
for.' The  tone  of  this  letter,  though  the  bishop's  determina- 
tion is  firm,  is  throughout  most  friendly  to  Wolsey.  Foxe's 
aversion  to  the  French  war  had,  it  is  plain  from  the  passage 
quoted,  as  well  as  from  subsequent  parts  of  the  letter,  some- 
thing to  do  with  his  disinclination  to  quit  his  pastoral  charge, 
even  for  ever  so  brief  a  period,  for  the  secular  business  of  the 
court.  In  fact,  of  the  two  parties  into  which  the  council  and 
the  country  were  divided,  the  French  and  the  German  party, 
Foxe,  as  appears  plainly  in  the  despatches  of  Giustinian, 
favoured  the  former.  This  inclination  to  a  French  alliance, 
or  at  least  to  friendly  relations  with  France,  had  come  out 
strongly  in  a  letter  written  to  Wolsey,  Oct.  30,  1518,  on  the 
occasion  of  the  conclusion  of  the  marriage  contract  between 
the  Dauphin  and  the  Princess  Mary,  daughter  of  the  King 
and  Queen  Catherine  (subsequently  Queen  Mary) :  '  It  was 
the  best  deed,'  he  says, '  that  ever  was  done  for  England,  and 
next  to  the  King  the  praise  of  it  is  due  to  you.'  In  the  same 
letter,  it  may  be  noticed,  he  thanks  Wolsey  for  licence  of  non- 
attendance  on  the  court,  '  wherein  your  Grace  did  no  less  for 
me  than  if  you  had  delivered  me  of  an  inevitable  danger  of 
my  life.' 

The  closing  years  of  Foxe's  life  were  spent  in  the  quiet 
discharge  of  his  episcopal  duties,  in  devotional  exercises,  and 
the  acts  of  liberality  and  munificence  through  which  his 
memory  now  mainly  survives l.  He  was  not,  however,  with- 

1  Harpsfield  (Hist.  Eccl.  Angl.  p.  644),  after  saying  that  advancing  age  warned 
him  to  forsake  politics  and  apply  himself  more  diligently  to  the  affairs  of  his  dio- 
cese, proceeds :  '  Wintoniam  itaque  venit  et  longa  absentiae  suae  damna  accurata 
quadam  exquisitaque  omnis  Episcopalis  muneris  diligentia  famelicas  animas 


DIOCESAN  CARES.  19 

out  trouble  in  his  diocese.  Writing  to  Wolsey  2  Jan.  1530-1, 
he  expresses  satisfaction  at  Wolsey?s  proposed  reformation  of 
the  clergy,  the  day  of  which  he  had  desired  to  see,  as  Simeon 
desired  to  see  the  Messiah.  As  for  himself,  though,  within 
his  own  small  jurisdiction,  he  had  given  nearly  all  his  study 
to  this  work  for  nearly  three  years,  yet,  whenever  he  had  to 
correct  and  punish,  he  found  the  clergy,  and  particularly 
(what  he  did  not  at  first  suspect)  the  monks,  so  depraved,  so 
licentious  and  corrupt,  that  he  despaired  of  any  proper  refor- 
mation till  the  work  was  undertaken  on  a  more  general  scale, 
and  with  a  stronger  arm.  Once  more  we  hear  of  him  in  a 
public  capacity  in  1523.  The  enormous  subsidy  of  that  year 
was  energetically  opposed  in  convocation,  according  to  Poly- 
dore  Vergil,  by  Foxe  and  Fisher,  though  of  course  without 
success.  The  charge  on  Foxe  himself  amounted  to  £2,000, 
on  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury  to  £1,000,  on  Wolsey  to 
£4,000.  The  largeness  of  the  revenues  of  the  great  sees  at 
this  time  is  strikingly  illustrated  by  the  fact  that  Foxe's 
newly  founded  college  of  Corpus  was  rated  only  at  £133  6s.%d., 
and  the  two  richest  colleges  in  Oxford,  Magdalen  and  New 
Colleges,  only  at  £333  6s.  8d.  each. 

The  story  that  shortly  before  his  death  Wolsey  proposed  to 
Foxe  that  he  should  retire  from  his  bishopric  on  a  pension, 
and  that  Foxe  tartly  replied  that,  though  he  could  no  longer 
distinguish  white  from  black,  yet  he  could  well  discern  the 
malice  of  an  ungrateful  man,  and  bade  him  attend  closer  to 
the  king's  business,  leaving  Winchester  to  the  care  of  her 
bishop,  rests  solely  on  the  authority  of  Archbishop  Parker. 
It  is  inconsistent  with  what  we  know  otherwise  of  Foxe's 
relations  with  Wolsey,  and  has  an  apocryphal  flavour. 

Foxe,  who  appears  to  have  been  totally  blind  for  several 
years  before  his  death1,  died  on  Oct.  5,  1528,  probably  at  his 

sacris,  per  se  et  suos,  concionibus,  et  tenuiores  homines  alimentis  caeterisque  rebus 
vitae  necessariis  destitutes  cibis,  vestitu,  pecuniis  fovens  resarcivit'  After  his 
blindness  came  on,  '  omni  jam  quasi  impedimento  abrapto,  totns  die  noctuque 
orationibus  et  sacris  meditationibus  affigitur.' 

1  Mr.  Batten  thinks  that  Foxe  became  blind  in  1521.  The  misfortune  can 
hardly  have  befallen  him  till  this  year,  as  he  conferred  Orders  on  Dec.  22,  1520. 
In  June,  1523,  the  Venetian  Ambassador  speaks  of  his  blindness.  Harpsfield  dates 
it  from  ten  years  before  his  death,  but  he  may  be  speaking  merely  roughly. 

C  2 


20  RICHARD  FOXE. 

castle  of  Wolvesey  in  Winchester.  According  to  a  document 
found  in  his  coffin,  from^which  this  date  is  taken,  he  was 
buried  on  the  very  same  day1,  the  place  of  sepulture  being 
the  splendid  Gothic  chapel  in  Winchester  Cathedral,  which  he 
had  previously  constructed.  The  ecclesiastical  historian, 
Harpsfield,  says  that,  being  then  a  boy  at  Winchester  School, 
he  was  present  at  the  funeral.  This  devout  and  gentle  prelate 
passed  away  at  an  opportune  moment,  when  the  troubles 
connected  with  the  divorce  were  only  in  their  initial  stage. 
He  was  succeeded  by  Wolsey,  who  held  the  see  of  Winchester 
in  the  capacity  of  Perpetual  Administrator,  a  tenure  which 
was  destined  to  have  but  a  short  duration. 

Foxe's  Will  (the  original  of  which,  and  at  least  two  copies, 
one  in  the  Evidences,  vol.  i.  p.  126,  &c.,  the  other  in  the  Fulman 
MSS.,  vol.  x,  fol.  135,  &c.,  are  in  the  possession  of  the  College) 
is  dated  Feb.  15,  i5a|,  two  days  after  he  subscribed  the 
additions  to  the  College  Statutes.  It  has  been  remarked  as 
curious  that  he  makes  no  mention  of  the  College  in  it,  but 
he  had  already  executed  two  documents,  one  in  I5i7>  the 
other  in  1521,  by  which  he  attempted  to  secure  the  President 
and  Fellows  in  the  enjoyment  of  all  lands  and  other  possessions 
then  in  the  hands  of  Feoffees  (Evidences,  vol.  i.  p.  279,  &c.). 
All  the  moveable  goods  which  he  designed  for  the  use  of  his 
society  he  had  probably  already  given,  so  that,  in  fact,  there 
remained  no  occasion  for  any  further  bequests  or  directions. 
The  Will  is  largely  occupied  with  precautions  against  suits 
for  dilapidations,  though  he  states  his  firm  belief  that  he  has 
left  all  the  possessions  of  the  see  in  sufficient  repair  and  good 
condition.  He  attempts  to  conciliate  his  successor  by  handsome 
legacies  to  be  made  over  to  him  in  consideration  of  a  full 
release  from  all  claims  on  his  estate,  and  it  is  noteworthy 
that,  if  Wolsey  be  his  successor,  these  legacies  are  to  be  more 
ample  than  in  the  case  of  any  one  else.  He  also  bequeaths 
presents  to  Henry  Courtnay,  Marquis  of  Exeter,  William, 
Lord  Sands,  and  Sir  William  Paullett,  Kt.,  '  praedilecto  mihi.' 

1  One  of  the  provisions  of  his  will  was  that,  if  he  died  either  at  his  Palace  of 
Wolvesey  or  at  the  Hospital  of  St.  Cross  before  nooii,  he  should  be  buried  that 
afternoon  in  his  chantrey  in  the  Cathedral. 


HIS  BENEFACTIONS.  21 

Among  the  executors  are  Sir  William  Paullett  and  John 
Claymond.  The  residue  of  his  property,  not  already  disposed 
of  in  this  Will  or  elsewhere,  he  directs  to  be  sold  and  the 
proceeds  divided  amongst  the  poorer  tenants  on  his  estates 
in  the  County  of  Hants  or  the  Bailiwick  of  Downton,  Wilts. 
At  the  close  of  the  document,  there  is  a  touching  mention 
of  his  blindness,  which  prevented  him  from  himself  reading 
the  Will.  Amongst  the  witnesses  is  Nicholas  Harpsfield, 
the  historian,  his  Commissary.  It  was  executed  at  Harwell, 
his  Manor-house  near  Winchester.  The  directions  about  his 
burial  have  been  noticed  above. 

The  most  permanent  memorial  of  Foxe  is  his  college  of 
Corpus  Christi  at  Oxford,  the  foundation  and  settlement  of 
which  attracted  great  attention  at  the  time  (1515-16).  It  had 
been  his  original  intention  to  establish  a  house  in  Oxford, 
after  the  fashion  of  Durham  and  Canterbury  Colleges,  for  the 
reception  of  young  monks  of  St.  Swithin's  monastery  at 
Winchester  while  pursuing  academical  studies  ;  but  he  was 
persuaded  by  Bishop  Oldham  of  Exeter1  (himself  a  great 
benefactor  to  the  college)  to  change  his  foundation  into  the 
more  common  form  of  one  for  the  secular  clergy.  '  What,  my 
lord,'  Oldham  is  represented  as  saying  by  John  Hooker,  alias 
Vowell,  in  Holinshed,  'shall  we  build  houses  and  provide 
livelihoods  for  a  company  of  bussing 2  monks,  whose  end  and 
fall  we  ourselves  may  live  to  see ;  no,  no,  it  is  more  meet  a 
great  deal  that  we  should  have  care  to  provide  for  the  increase 
of  learning,  and  for  such  as  who  by  their  learning  shall  do 
good  in  the  church  and  commonwealth.'  The  college  (which 
it  may  be  noted  was  founded  out  of  the  private  revenues  of 
Foxe  and  his  friends,  and  not,  as  was  the  case  with  some  other 

1  Bp.  Fisher  had  given  similar  advice  to  the  '  Lady  Margaret,'  mother  of  Henry 
VII,  the  Foundress  of  St.  John's  and  Christ's  Colleges  at  Cambridge,  and  of  the 
Divinity  Professorships  which  bear  her  name  at  both  Universities.  See  Hallstead's 
Margaret  Richmond,  p.  226,  as  quoted  in  Stanley's  Memorials  of  Westminster 
Abbey. 

3  This  word  may  either  have  the  meaning  of  'kissing,'  from  the  amatory 
propensities  of  the  monks,  or  may  be  only  another  way  of  writing  '  buzzing,' 
=  mumbling,  muttering,  from  the  way  in  which  they  talked  or  performed  the 
services. 


22  RICHARD  FOXE. 

foundations,  out  of  ecclesiastical  spoils)1  still  possesses  the 
crosier,  the  gold  chalice  and  paten,  the  rings,  and  many  other 
relics  of  its  founder.  In  addition  to  this  notable  founda- 
tion Foxe  also  built  and  endowed  schools  at  Taunton  and 
Grantham  2  (the  school  of  Sir  Isaac  Newton),  besides  making 
extensive  additions  and  alterations  in  Winchester  Cathedral, 
Farnham  Castle,  and  the  Hospital  of  St.  Cross.  His  altera- 
tions in  Durham  Castle  and  his  fortifications  at  Norham  have 
been  already  noticed.  At  Winchester,  besides  the  choir  of 
the  Cathedral  already  mentioned,  the  great  screen,  the  side 
screens,  the  east  window,  and  other  works,  he  also  executed, 
or  had  executed,  the  exquisite  Renaissance  work  at  St.  Cross, 
in  which  the  pelican  is  a  prominent  feature.  He  was  a  bene- 
factor also  to  the  abbeys  of  Glastonbury  and  Netley,  to  the 
Guild  and  Chapel  of  the  Holy  Ghost  at  Basingstoke,  to  the 
Church  of  St.  Mary  Overy,  Southwark,  to  Magdalen  College, 
Oxford,  and  Pembroke  College,  Cambridge,  and  seems  to 
have  contributed  largely  to  what  we  should  now  call  the 
'  restoration  '  of  St.  Mary's  Church,  Oxford,  as  well  as  to  the 
reduction  of  the  floods  in  Oxford  in  the  year  of  pestilence, 
1517  (Wood,  Annals,  sub  ann.)3.  Notwithstanding  these 
numerous  benefactions,  his  household  appointments  seem  to 
have  been  on  a  magnificent  scale.  Harpsfield  tells  us  that  he 
had  no  less  than  220  serving-men4. 


In  1499  a  little  book,  entitled  Contemplacyon  of  Synners, 
was  printed  by  Wynken  de  Worde,  '  compyled  and  fynyshed 
at  the  devoute  and  dylygent  request  of  the  ryght  reverende 

1  See  Harpsfield,  Hist.  Angl.  Eccl.  p.  644,  confirmed  by  what  we  know  of  Bp. 
Foxe's  purchases. 

2  Grantham  was  only  endowed  three  days  before  Foxe's  death.     Though  Harps- 
field  says  of  Taunton,  '  ludi-magistro  de  idoneo  annuatim  stipendio  prospexit,'  Mr. 
Batten  says  no  trace  of  any  endowment  can  now  be  found. 

3  It  is  pleasant  to  think  that,  amongst  all  these  works  of  munificence,  and  amidst 
all  his  grandeur,  Foxe  had  riot  forgotten  his  native  village  of  Ropsley.    The  present 
Rector,  the  Rev.  G.  S.  Outram,  informs  me  that  '  it  is  supposed  Foxe  left  his  mark 
on  the  beautiful  church,  as  the  elaborate  south  aisle  windows  and  the  fine  south 
porch  are  of  the  date  when  he  was  in  the  zenith  of  his  glory.' 

4  This  I  take  to  be  the  meaning  of  Harpsfield's  expression  '  Numerosam  et  am- 
plissimam  familiam  ducentorum  videlicet  et  viginti  hominum  aluit,'  though  Mr. 
Batten  thinks  it  might  refer  merely  to  the  Episcopal  open  table. 


RELATIONS   WITH  LEARNED  MEN.  23 

fader  in  God  the  lorde  Rycharde  bysshop  of  Dureham,'  &c. 
It  is  possible  that  Foxe  himself  may  have  had  a  hand  in  this 
work.  He  also  edited  the  Processional  according  to  the 
use  of  Sarum,  which  was  printed  at  Rouen  in  1508.  At  a 
later  period  he  translated  the  Rule  of  St.  Benedict  for  the 
benefit  of  the  f  devout,  religious  women '  of  his  diocese,  '  unto 
our  moders  tonge,  comune  playne  rounde  English  easy  and 
redy  to  be  understande  by  the  sayde  devoute  religiouse 
women.'  The  book  was  beautifully  printed  by  Pynson  on 
22  Jan.  1516-17.  From  a  letter  to  Wolsey,  written  on  18  Jan. 
1527-28,  it  would  appear  that  Foxe  had  at  a  subsequent 
time  much  trouble  with  some  of  his  nuns. 

That  Foxe,  though  not  himself  the  author  of  any  con- 
siderable work,  was  thoroughly  in  sympathy  with  the  learned 
men  of  his  time  and  a  patron  and  favourer  of  the  'new 
learning '  of  the  Renaissance  is  abundantly  evident,  not  only 
from  the  liberal  and  enlightened  Statutes  which  he  gave  to 
his  College,  and  the  distinguished  scholars  he  introduced  into 
it,  but  also  from  the  testimony  of  his  contemporaries.  Thus, 
Thomas  Linacre,  the  famous  humanist  and  physician,  presented 
to  him,  as  to  Wolsey  and  other  magnates,  a  copy  of  his  trans- 
lation of  Galen,  De  Sanitate  tuenda,  printed  by  Rubeus  at 
Paris  in  1517.  In  the  MS.  dedication  to  Foxe  of  this  copy, 
which  is  now  in  the  possession  of  the  College  of  Physicians, 
after  a  highly  flattering  though  somewhat  elaborate  com- 
pliment on  the  foundation  of  his  new  College,  he  proceeds : 
'  Mitto  igitur  ad  te  hoc  codice  sex  Galeni  de  tuenda  Sanitate 
libros,  quos  proxime  ut  potui  Latinos  feci.  Optaremque 
lectione  tua  dignos,  nisi  id  omnino  vota  superaret.  Nunc  agi 
mecum  praeclare  putabo,  si  a  Doctorum,  quos  in  contubernio 
tecum  habes,  lectiones  {sic.  ?  lectione)  non  abhorrebunt/ shew- 
ing that  Foxe's  house  was  a  well-known  resort  of  learned  men T. 

In  the  same  year  (1517),   Sir  Thomas  More,  writing  to 

1  See  the  Life  of  Thomas  Linacre,  by  J.  N.  Johnson,  M.D.,  edited  by  R. 
Graves,  London,  1835,  where  the  dedication  of  this  presentation  copy  to  Foxe  is 
printed  in  an  Appendix,  pp.  316-7.  I  am  indebted  to  Mr.  Chisholm  Batten's  Life 
for  my  knowledge  of  this  work,  as  well  as  of  the  letter  of  More  to  Erasmus,  to  which 
I  next  refer. 


34  RICHARD  FOXE. 

Erasmus  on  the  I5th  of  December  *,  speaks  of  the  enthusiastic 
admiration  accorded  by  Bishop  Foxe  to  his  edition  of  the 
New  Testament  in  Greek  and  Latin  (the  first  edition  which 
had  appeared  in  Greek,  it  must  be  recollected),  published 
in  the  preceding  year.  '  Wintoniensis  Episcopus,  vir  ut  scis 
prudentissimus,  in  celeberrimo  coetu  magnatum,  quum  de  te 
ac  tuis  Lucubrationibus  incidisset  sermo,  testatus  est,  omnibus 
approbantibus,  versionem  tuam  Novi  Testament!  vice  esse  sibi 
commentariorum  decem,  tantum  afferre  lucis.'  Considering 
the  ignorant  clamour2  which  was  raised  against  this  book, 
this  expression  of  opinion  was  to  the  credit  of  Foxe's  courage 
as  well  as  candour.  There  are  several  other  letters  to  or 
from  Erasmus,  which  leave  no  doubt  of  Foxe's  general  good 
will  towards  him.  Thus,  Ammonius  writing  to  Erasmus 
Nov.  8,  1511,  says:  '  Tuas  literas  Domino  Wintoniensi  et 
Dunelmensi  (Ruthall)  in  manum  reddidi ;  ambo  vultu  sane 
quam  hilari  excepere,  ambo  raras  dotes  tuas  mirifice  lauda- 
runt.  Wintoniensis  te  accusare  videtur,  quod  exterum  secum 
agas,  nee  unquam  ad  se  accedas.'  But  the  two  prelates  were 
so  much  engaged  that,  after  reading  Erasmus'  letters,  they 
put  the  matter  off  to  a  more  convenient  season  (the  letters, 
no  doubt,  soliciting  material  assistance  in  some  form  or 
other)3.  Ten  days  afterwards  (Nov.  18),  Ammonius  writes 
again :  '  Episcopus  Dunelmensis  operam  et  studium  suum 
tibi  pollicetur.  Wintoniensis  minus  publica  locutus  est,  sed 

1  This  letter  is  No.  221  in  the  Appendix  to  Erasmus'  Letters  in  Le  Clerc's  Edi- 
tion (vol.  iii.  pt.  2). 

2  See  Knight's  Life  of  Erasmus,  p.  137.     There  was  one  College  in  Cambridge 
which  had  forbidden  the  book  to  be  brought  within  its  walls,  '  qui  gravi  senatus- 
consulto  caverint,  ne  quis  id  volumen  equis  aut  navibus  ant  plaustris  aut  bajulis 
intra  ejus  collegii  pomoeria  inveheret.'     Erasmi  Ep.  148,  ed.  Le  Clerc. 

3  In  the  collection  of  Erasmus'  correspondence  there  are  two  short  letters  of 
Erasmus  to  Foxe,  invoking  his  assistance  against  the  violent  attacks  of  Edward  Lee, 
Dean  of  Colchester.     They  are  numbered  in  Le  Clerc's  edition  as  423  and  506. 
From  the  former  of  these  it  would  appear  that  Erasmus  had  at  some  time  appealed 
in  vain  for  material  help,  whether  in  the  form  of  money  or  preferment  we  do  not 
know.     '  Erasmus  olim  ambiit  tuum  favorem,  non  successit :  nunc  non  orat  ut  sibi 
faveas,  sed  ut  Leo  tuo.'     Foxe  probably,  like  many  other  episcopal  dispensers  of 
patronage  before  and  since,  found  it  difficult  to  follow  inclinations  which  might 
embroil  him  with  his  clergy.     In  this  letter  Erasmus  notes  Foxe's  characteristic 
caution  :  '  Novi  prudentiam  tuam,  quae  non  facile  pronunciet,  praesertim  in  malam 
partcm.' 


ARCHITECTURAL   WORKS.  35 

magis  arnica  :  putabat  sacerdotium  te  habere  :  respond!,  spem 
quidem  sacerdotii  tibi  datam,  sed  sacerdotium  nondum  datum  : 
ille  subridens  interrogavit,  num  ilia  spes  alere  te  posset  ? 
Subrisi  vicissim :  atqui,  inquam,  auri  et  temporis  dispendio 
hanc  spem  Erasmus  emit :  tune  ille  jussit  me  hac  de  re  secum 
alias  commodius  loqui,  quod  mihi  hactenus  non  est  visum. 
Sed  gavisus  vehementer  sum  Wintoniensem  tarn  de  te  amanter 
sermonem  habere  V 

In  this  connexion  I  may  speak  of  the  dedication  by  Bishop 
Fisher  (who,  like  Foxe,  was  a  patron  of  the  new  learning,  and 
had  shewn  special  kindness  to  Erasmus  during  his  stay  at 
Cambridge)  of  his  treatise  De  Veritate  Corporis  et  Sanguis 
Christi  in  Eucharistia  adversus  Johannem  CEcolampadium  in 
1527.  In  his  dedication  of  this  work  to  Bishop  Foxe,  he  says 
there  are  two  reasons  why  the  book  should  be  dedicated  to 
him :  first  and  chiefly,  '  Quum  libuit,  ob  devotionem  animi 
quam  peculiariter  ad-  Eucharistiae  sacramentum  habes  et 
habuisti  semper,  insignire  Collegium  ipsum  titulo  nominis 
ejusdem'  (of  the  College  he  had  just  spoken  as  'satis  magni- 
ficum'  and  well  furnished  with  teachers  in  Hebrew,  Greek, 
and  Latin,  and  in  whatever  ministers  to  the  true  study  of 
Theology);  secondly,  his  personal  obligations,  not  only  on 
account  of  the  Bishop's  encouragement  to  study  and  integrity 
of  life,  but  for  his  good  offices  in  obtaining  for  him  the 
Bishopric  of  Rochester  from  Henry  VII,  to  which  and  not  to 
those  of  the  Lady  Margaret,  as  usually  supposed,  he  says  he 
was  really  indebted. 

It  is  not  only  highly  probable  that  Foxe,  as  one  of  Henry 
the  Seventh's  executors  and  specially  skilled  in  architecture, 
took  a  principal  part  in  the  completion  of  King's  College 
Chapel,  according  to  the  intentions  and  bequest  of  that 
monarch,  but  there  is  positive  evidence  that  the  glazing  of  the 
windows  was  executed  in  accordance  with  his  direct  orders. 
In  Willis  and  Clark's  Architectural  History  of  the  University 
of  Cambridge,  vol.  i.  pp.  498-9,  there  is  a  memorandum  of  a 

1  These  two  letters  are  numbered  respectively  127  and  128  in  Le  Clerc's 
edition. 


26  RICHARD  FOXE. 

payment  of  £100  to  one  Barnard  Flower,  the  King's  glazier, 
on  Nov.  30,  1515,  in  which  it  is  stated  that  the  money  is  paid 
'  in  way  of  prest  towards  the  glaising  of  the  great  Church 
there  in  such  forme  and  condition  as  my  Lord  of  Winchester 
shal  devise  and  commande  to  be  doon.'  These  words  will, 
perhaps,  hardly  bear  the  meaning  that  Bishop  Foxe  was 
himself  to  design  the  windows,  after  the  manner  of  an  artist, 
but  they  mean  probably  either  that  Flower's  designs  should 
be  submitted  to  him  or,  as  suggested  in  Willis  and  Clark's 
work,  that  the  windows  were  to  be  executed,  under  Foxe's 
supervision,  according  to  designs  already  approved  by  Henry 
VII.  Flower  died  in  1525  or  6,  but  his  successors  were  bound 
to  carry  out  exactly  his  undertakings,  so  that  the  windows,  in 
their  present  condition,  probably  represent  the  designs  as 
finally  passed  by  Bishop  Foxe1. 

Foxe  is  also  said  to  have  been  concerned  in  the  building  of 
Henry  VI  I's  Chapel  at  Westminster,  the  architecture  of  which, 
though  on  a  much  larger  scale,  resembles  that  of  his  own 
chantrey  in  Winchester  Cathedral2. 

There  are  seven  portraits  of  Foxe  at  Corpus  Christi  College, 
the  principal  of  which  is  the  one  in  the  hall  by  'Joannes 
Corvus,  Flandrus,'  which  represents  him  as  blind,  and  was 

1  It  may  here  be  remarked  that,  not  only  is  there  some  confusion  in  Mr.  Batten's 
account  of  the  relation  of  Bishop  Foxe  to  these  windows,  but  the  statement  in  a 
foot-note  on  p.  107  as  to  the  Fellows  of  King's  having  requested  Henry  VIII  to 
appoint  Bp.  Foxe  to  the  Provostship  is  founded  on  a  misinterpretation  of  a  letter 
which  appears  in  MS.  280,  fol.  197  b  in  the  Corpus  Library.  This  letterwhich  is  date 
12  Cal.  Oct.  {not  2),  without  a  year,  and  addressed  to  Henry  VIII,  accepts  Henry's 
nomination  of  Dr.  Foxe  to  the  Provostship  (which  was  not  a  Crown  appointment, 
but  depended  on  the  election  of  the  Fellows),  informs  him  that  Dr.  Foxe  had  been 
unanimously  elected,  and  delicately  insinuates  a  hope  that  the  rights  of  the  College, 
now  constantly  violated,  will  in  future  be  maintained.      But  the  Dr.  Foxe  here 
mentioned  is  evidently  not  Richard  Foxe,  Bishop  of  Winchester,  but  Edward  Foxe, 
elected  Provost  in  1528. 

2  I  cannot  now  recover  my  authority  for  this  statement.  But,  though  Sir  Reginald 
Bray  was  the  architect,  it  is  very  probable  that  Foxe  was  consulted.     Speed  (His- 
tory of  Great  Britain,  ed.  of  1623,  p.  763),  speaking  of  Henry  VII,  says  :  '  Of  his 
building  also  was  Richmond  Pallace  and  that  most  beautiful  place,  the  Chappell  at 
Westminster,  the  one  the  place  of  his  death,  and  the  other  of  his  buriall :  which 
formes  of  more  curious  and  exquisite  building  he  and  Bishop  Foxe  first  (as  is  re- 
ported) learned  in  France,  and  thence  brought  with  them  into  England. 


PORTRAITS  AND  ENGRAVINGS.  27 

therefore  probably  painted  after  1520 1.  Three  of  these  por- 
traits are  independent  of  the  Corvus  portrait  (the  others  being 
copies),  and  apparently  independent  of  them  all  are  one 
at  Lambeth  Palace,  painted  probably  while  he  was  still 
Lord  Privy  Seal,  as  the  letters  C.  P.  S.  occur  after  his  name, 
and  one,  taken  in  1522,  at  Sudeley  Castle,  Gloucestershire. 
Among  the  engraved  portraits  are  one  by  Vertue,  1723,  and 
one  by  Faber,  circa  1713  ;  the  former  of  the  picture  by 
Corvus,  the  latter  of  a  picture,  also  in  the  possession  of  the 
College,  representing  the  bishop  while  still  having  his  sight, 
but  clearly  only  adapted  from  the  Corvus  portrait.  This 
picture  is  in  the  Library,  and  bears  the  date  1604 2. 


NOTE  ON  THE  FOUNDER'S  BIRTH-PLACE  AT  ROPESLEY. 

IN  the  college  Evidences,  vol.  13  (D.  i),  p.  281,  &c.,  it  appears 
that  John  Claymond,  Clerk,  bought  of  Edward  Foxe,  Gent.,  the 
'manner  of  Bullockes'  and  all  other  lands,  &c.  belonging  to  him 
in  the  parishes  of  Ropesley,  Much  Humby,  Little  Humby,  and 
Saperton  in  the  county  of  Lincoln.  The  date  of  this  Indenture  is 
Jan.  31,  153*.  On  p.  291,  there  is  copied  the  Will  of  John  Claymond 
concerning  these  lands,  to  the  effect  that  they  shall  revert  to  Edward 
Fox,  provided  he  repay  the  £200  purchase  money  to  the  President 
and  Scholars  of  C.  C.  C.  for  their  use.  The  date  of  this  document  is 
May  12,  1536.  On  p.  303,  there  is  a  deed  of  sale  (dated  Aug.  13, 
1549)  by  Robert  Morwent  to  Reginald  Williams,  Esq.  of  Burfeld 
(elsewhere  Burghefeld,  i.  e.  Burghfield),  Berks,  of  these  same  lands 
for  ^200.  Lastly,  on  p.  309,  there  is  a  Letter  of  Attorney,  dated 
Oct.  9,  1567,  executed  by  William  Morwent,  Gent.,  nephew  and 
heir  of  Robert  Morwent,  empowering  Humphrey  Morris  of  the 
county  of  Oxon,  Yeoman,  to  enter  upon  and  take  possession  of  these 
lands,  and,  generally,  to  act  in  his  behalf  with  respect  to  them. 

1  Corvus  (Jan  Rave),  fl.  1512-44,  seems  also,  while  in  England,  to  have  painted 
Mary  Tudor,  daughter  of  Henry  VII,  Princess  (afterwards  Queen)  Mary,  and  Henry 
Grey,  Duke  of  Suffolk.  See  Diet.  Nat.  Biog.  sub  Corvus. 

a  There  is  a  note  on  the  Corpus  portraits  of  Foxe  by  Mr.  Scharf  in  the  Archaeo- 
logia,  vol.  xxxix,  pp.  47-49. 


28  PULLOCK'S  MANOR  AT  ROPES  LEY. 

From  this  power  of  Attorney,  it  would  appear  that  neither  Edward 
Fox  nor  Reginald  Williams  had  completed  the  purchase,  and  that 
the  lands  were  still  in  possession  of  the  Morwent  family,  either  in 
their  own  right  or  for  the  use  of  the  College. 

The  next  notice  of  Pullock's  Manor  is  contained  in  Brian  Twyne's 
Collectanea  (MS.  280  in  College  Library,  f.  194  b),  and  probably 
belongs  to  the  early  part  of  the  seventeenth  century  :  '  In  Ropesley 
parish  4  miles  from  Grantham  there  is  an  old  house  called  by  ye 
name  of  Pullock's  manner  :  part  of  it  which  remayneth  is  inhabited 
nowe  by  one  Elizabeth  Linge  an  old  widdowe,  who  lodgeth  in  an  old 
roome  called  ye  parler,  where  she  and  ye  antient  of  ye  parish  doe  all 
say  our  Founder  Rich:  Foxe  was  borne.  There  belongeth  antiently 
to  that  mannerhouse  26 £  lande  by  ye  yeare'  (estimated  by  Mr. 
Batten  at  more  than  ^300  a  year  of  our  present  money),  'which 
whether  it  were  once  belonginge  to  ye  Foxes  we  could  not  learne ; 
but  it  was  sometime  in  ye  handes  of  Richard  Kellham,  father  to 
Ralfe  Kelham,  who  was  father  to  Edmund  Kellham,  by  whom  it  is 
nowe  come  to  ye  hands  of  one  Mr.  Rich :  Hickson  who  hath  built  a 
newe  house  uppon  it,  and  ye  old  house  where  our  Founder  was 
borne  he  hath  sold  to  one  Thomas  Raskell  of  ye  same  towne. 
There  is  a  little  grove  by  ye  house  where  they  told  us  that  our 
Founder  purposed  to  erect  a  feyn  schoole'  (afterwards  erected  at 
Grantham).  Then  follows  the  story  of  Foxe's  visit  to  Ropesley, 
already  given. 

After  this  time  we  lose  sight  of  Pullock's  Manor,  till,  in  1 705,  we 
find  a  letter  \  addressed  to  Dr.  Turner,  then  President,  dated  March 
31,  from  which  it  appears  that  the  house  at  that  time  belonged  to 
Lady  Brownlow.  There  were  attached  to  it  2  Cow  Commons  and 
10  Sheep  Commons,  valued  at  TS.  the  year,  the  house  and  home- 
stead (containing  20  perches),  of  which  a  plan  is  annexed,  being 
valued  at  5 s.  a  year,  i.  e.  the  total  rental  was  1 2 s.  The  writer,  John 
Threaves,  apparently  an  Agent,  represents  that  one  Mr.  Thompson, 
a  person  of  considerable  estate  in  Ropesley,  '  will  engage  to  remove' 
all  difficulties '  in  the  purchase,  and  will  '  serve  the  College  both  with 
his  person  and  purse.'  It  is  difficult  to  suppose  that  the  College  did 
not  close  with  this  offer,  but,  if  it  did  then  purchase  the  house, 
garden,  and  common-rights,  it  must  afterwards  have  parted  with 
them.  For  in  Dr.  Randolph's  time  (see  Annals  under  the  year  1756), 

1  The  letter  and  plan  are  inserted  between  fols.  25  and  26  of  vol.  9  of  the  Ful- 
man  MSS. 


HUGH  OLDHAM.  29 

we  find  that  the  house  then  belonged  to  Lord  William  Manners, 
and  that  his  permission  was  asked  for  the  insertion  of  a  stone  in  the 
external  wall,  commemorative  of  the  Founder's  birth.  At  present 
this  house  (now  the  Peacock  Inn),  with  about  37  acres  of  land,  is 
the  property  of  the  College.  From  correspondence  still  extant,  it 
is  plain  that  it  had  already  for  some  time  belonged  to  the  College, 
when  application  was  made  to  Parliament  for  the  enclosure  of 
Ropesley  in  1794. 

HUGH  OLDHAM. 

Though  the  College  owes  its  existence  and  far  the  larger 
part  of  its  revenues  to  the  munificence  of  Bishop  Foxe,  yet 
two  of  his  friends,  Hugh  Oldham,  Bishop  of  Exeter,  and  his 
steward,  William  Frost,  were  no  inconsiderable  benefactors. 
Of  the  former  we  have  already  heard  in  connexion  with  the 
judicious  advice  which  he  gave  to  Bishop  Foxe  regarding  the 
character  of  his  foundation.  Hugh  Oldham  was  undoubtedly 
a  Lancashire  man,  as  is  expressly  stated  in  the  Corpus  Sta- 
tutes, where  one  Fellowship  and  one  Scholarship  are  appro- 
priated to  that  county  in  his  honour.  Various  statements 
have  been  made  respecting  the  place  of  his  birth,  but  Mr. 
Cooper  (whose  account  in  the  Athenae  Cantabrigienses,  toge- 
ther with  that  of  Mr.  Whatton  in  his  History  of  Manchester 
School,  A.  Wood  in  the  Athenae  Oxonienses,  and  Godwin 
in  his  Catalogue  of  the  Bishops  of  England,  I  shall  mainly 
follow)  thinks  the  most  probable  is  Crumpsell  in  the  parish  of 
Manchester.  The  learned  antiquary,  Roger  Dodsworth,  how- 
ever, maintains  that  his  birth-place  was  Oldham.  William 
Oldham,  Abbot  of  St.  Werburgh,  Chester,  and  Bishop  of 
Man,  is  said  to  have  been  his  brother.  He  was  educated 
in  the  household  of  Thomas  Stanley,  Earl  of  Derby,  of 
whom  Margaret  of  Richmond  was  the  third  wife,  together 
with  James  Stanley,  afterwards  Bishop  of  Ely,  and  William 
Smith,  afterwards  Bishop  of  Lincoln,  founder  of  Brasenose 
and  a  great  benefactor  of  Lincoln  College,  Oxford.  With 
William  Smith,  it  is  said,  he  maintained  a  life-long  friendship1. 

1  See  Whatton's  History  of  Manchester  School,  p.  5.  Mr.  Whatton  also  states 
that  Oldham  was  executor  to  Sir  Reginald  Bray,  K.G.,  and  the  supervisor  of  the 
will  of  Thomas,  second  Earl  of  Derby. 


30  HUGH  OLDHAM. 

Oldham  went  first  to  Oxford,  but  subsequently  moved  to 
Queen's  College,  Cambridge.  He  was  chaplain  to  the  '  Lady 
Margaret,'  Countess  of  Richmond  and  Derby  (with  whom, 
perhaps,  he  first  became  acquainted  while  in  the  household  of 
Thomas  Stanley),  and  was  the  recipient  of  a  vast  amount  of 
preferment,  amongst  which  may  be  enumerated,  though  the  list 
is  by  no  means  exhaustive,  the  Rectory  of  St.  Mildred,  Bread 
Street,  the  Deanery  of  Wimborne  Minster,  the  Archdeaconry 
of  Exeter,  the  Rectories  of  Swineshead,  Lincolnshire,  Ches- 
hunt,  Hertfordshire,  and  Overton,  Hampshire,  the  Master- 
ships of  the  Hospitals  of  St.  John,  Lichfield,  and  St.  Leonard, 
Bedford,  the  Prebends  of  Newington  in  the  Church  of  St. 
Paul,  of  Leighton  Buzzard  in  the  Church  of  Lincoln,  of  South 
Cave  in  the  Church  of  York,  &c.  That,  even  before  his  ele- 
vation to  the  Episcopate,  he  was  an  ecclesiastic  of  much  con- 
sideration, appears  from  the  fact  that  on  January  24,  1503 
(see  Holinshed's  Chronicles),  he  was  selected,  together  with 
the  Abbot  Islip,  Sir  Reginald  Bray  the  Architect,  and  others, 
to  lay  the  first  stone  of  Henry  VII's  Chapel  in  Westminster 
Abbey.  Ultimately,  by  a  Bull  of  Provision,  Nov.  27,  1504, 
he  was  promoted  to  the  Bishopric  of  Exeter.  Oldham,  as  we 
have  seen,  had  joined  Foxe  and  other  bishops  in  their  dispute 
with  Warham  (1510-13)  as  .to  the  prerogatives  of  the  Arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury  with  regard  to  the  probate  of  wills  and 
the  administration  of  the  estates  of  intestates.  The  story 
about  the  'bussing'  or  'buzzing'  monks,  and  the  handsome 
contribution  made  by  Oldham  towards  Foxe's  new  College  on 
the  revised  plan  suggested  by  himself,  show  the  intimate  and 
confidential  terms  on  which  the  two  prelates  lived.  For 
Oldham,  whom  the  Founder  himself  styles  'hujus  nostri  Col- 
legii  praecipuus  benefactor,'  besides  other  gifts,  contributed 
to  the  building  and  endowment  of  the  College  what  was  then 
the  large  sum  of  6,000  marks1.  In  return  for  these  temporal 

1  The  following  words,  in  the  handwriting  of  Claymond,  are  prefixed  to  the 
Charta  Fundationis  :  '  Non  mirentur  hujus  Collegii  Posteri,  quod  Dominus  Funda- 
tor  Reverendum  in  Christo  Patrem  ac  Dominum  Hugonem  Oldam  praecipuum  ap- 
pellat  Benefactorem ;  donavit  enim  praeter  caetera  in  pecunia  ad  hujus  Collegii 
aedificationem  et  sustentationem  senas  millenas  marcas.' — Jo.  CLAYMONDUS,  primus 
Praesidens. 


HIS  CHARACTER.  31 

gifts,  a  daily  mass  was  to  be  said  in  the  Chapel  for  Oldham, 
at  the  altar  of  the  Holy  Trinity :  during  his  lifetime,  '  pro 
bono  et  felici  statu ' ;  after  his  death,  for  his  soul  and  those  of 
his  parents  and  benefactors.  The  Bishop  died  several  years 
before  his  friend,  June  25,  1519,  being  at  that  time,  it  is  said, 
under  excommunication  on  account  of  a  dispute  concerning 
jurisdiction  in  which  he  was  involved  with  the  Abbot  of 
Tavistock.  He  is  buried  in  a  chapel  erected  by  himself 
in  Exeter  Cathedral,  where  there  is  a  monument  bearing  a 
striking,  though  somewhat  coarsely  executed,  recumbent  figure, 
recently  restored  by  the  College.  Bishop  Foxe  was  one  of 
the  Executors  of  his  Will,  and  he  desired  that,  in  case  he  died 
out  of  his  diocese,  he  should  be  buried  at  Corpus. 

Francis  Godwin,  in  his  Catalogue  of  the  Bishops  of  England, 
says  of  Oldham :  '  A  man  of  more  devotion  than  learning, 
somewhat  rough  in  speech,  but  in  deed  and  action  friendly. 
He  was  careful  in  the  saving  and  defending  of  his  liberties, 
for  which  continual  suits  were  between  him  and  the  Abbot  of 
Tavistock  .  .  .  Albeit  he  were  not  very  well  learned,  yet  a  great 
favourer  and  a  furtherer  of  learning  he  was.'  Godwin  says 
that  he  could  not  be  buried  till  an  absolution  was  procured 
from  Rome.  Possibly  Oldham's  ill  opinion  of  the  monks  may 
have  been  connected  with  the  '  continual  suits  between  him 
and  the  Abbot  of  Tavistock.' 

Oldham  is  now  chiefly  known  as  the  Founder  of  the  Man- 
chester Grammar  School,  an  institution  which,  especially 
during  the  last  half  century,  has  conferred  on  the  youth  of  that 
populous  city  educational  benefits  of  the  extent  of  which  the 
good  Bishop  cannot  have  formed  the  most  remote  conception. 
The  various  conveyances  of  the  property  which  forms  the 
endowment  of  the  School  are  dated  respectively  Aug.  20, 1515, 
Oct.  n,  1515,  and  April  i,  1525,  but  the  Statutes,  which  are 
a  Schedule  to  the  Indenture  of  Feoffment,  bear  the  last  date. 
In  these  Statutes,  it  is  provided  that  Hugh  Bexwik,  Clerk, 
and  Joan  Bexwik,  widow,  shall,  during  their  lives  or  that  of 
the  longer  liver,  nominate  the  High  Master  and  the  Usher, 
and,  after  their  deaths,  the  patronage  shall  be  vested  in  the 
President  of  C.  C.  C.,  Oxford.  The  President  was  deprived  or 


32  WILLIAM  FROST. 

relieved  of  this  right  by  the  new  scheme  drawn  up  by  the 
Charity  Commissioners  in  1877,  according  to  which  he  simply 
occupies  the  position  of  an  ex  officio  Governor. 

In  the  Hall  of  Corpus  there  is  a  very  fine  portrait,  evidently 
contemporary,  of  Bishop  Oldham,  which,  though  ascribed,  in 
the  first  edition  of  the  Catalogue  of  the  Tudor  Exhibition 
(1890),  to  Joannes  Corvus  (Jan  Rave),  is  of  unknown  work- 
manship. The  error  arose  through  a  confusion  of  the  portraits 
of  Foxe  and  Oldham.  There  is  a  good  engraving  of  the 
portrait  in  Corpus  Hall  by  W.  Holl.  There  is  also  another 
engraving,  but  whether  it  was  taken  from  the  same  original 
or  not  is  difficult  to  say,  sketched  and  published  by  S.  Harding. 
No  original  is  named  on  the  print. 

WILLIAM  FROST. 

The  other  benefactor,  contemporary  with  the  Founder,  was 
William  Frost  of  Yavington  or  Avington,  his  Steward. 
The  office  of  Steward  to  a  Bishop,  especially  to  a  sort  of 
Prince  Bishop,  like  the  Bishop  of  Winchester,  was,  at  this 
time,  often  a  place  of  great  importance  and  dignity.  Thus, 
another  Steward  of  Foxe,  William  Paulet.  whose  good 
fortunes  were  due  to  Foxe's  recommendation  of  him  to 
Henry  VIII,  became,  in  Edward  VI's  time,  Lord  Treasurer 
of  England  and  first  Marquis  of  Winchester,  and  was  founder 
of  an  illustrious  family  in  the  English  Peerage.  William 
Frost  had  married  Juliana  Hampton,  one  of  the  family  of 
Hamptons  of  'Old  Stoke'  (now  called  Stoke  Charity),  upon 
which  marriage  Thomas  Hampton  settled  upon  them  the 
Manor  of  Tunstall  in  Staffordshire  (see  Shaw's  Staffordshire). 
Juliana  died  childless  in  13  H.  VIII,  and  William  in  21  H.  VIII 
(July,  1529) l.  William  Frost  served  the  office  of  High 
Sheriff  for  the  county  of  Hants  in  1521 2,  and  his  name 
occurs  in  May,  1517,  together  with  the  names  of  Bishop 

1  I  am  indebted  for  this  information  to  the  Rev.  A.  C.  Radcliffe,  Rector  of  Stoke 
Charity,  in  whose  church  there  are  brasses  to  the  memory  of  Thomas  and  Isabella 
Hampton,  the  parents  of  Juliana,  the  wife  of  William  Frost.  Juliana  was  one  of 
six  co-heiresses  of  Thomas  Hampton. 

3  Letters  and  papers  of  Henry  VIII,  vol.  iii.  pt.  I,  No.  1042. 


HIS  BENEFACTIONS.  33 

Foxe,  Sir  Thomas  More,  William  Paulet,  and  others,  on  a 
Commission  for  enquiry  into  the  arable  land  in  Hampshire, 
which  had  been  converted  into  pasture  since  the  Act  4 
Henry  VII,  contrary  to  the  Statute  of  that  date1.  When 
Bishop  Foxe  himself  was  accused  of  having  made  enclosures 
of  arable  land  contrary  to  the  Statute,  he  replied,  in  a  letter 
to  Wolsey  already  quoted,  that  '  he  has  caused  enquiries  to 
be  made  by  his  Stewards  and  others,  and  they  have  certified 
that  the  Inquisitions  found  against  the  enclosures  were 
untrue.'  His  Steward,  William  Frost,  he  adds,  '  is  a  sad, 
substantial  and  faithful  man,  well  learned  in  the  law2/ 
According  to  Frost's  directions  in  his  Will3,  he  was  to  be 
buried  near  his  wife,  Juliana,  fin  Monasterio  Domus  et  Ecclesiae 
Sancti  Edvardi  de  Lettle,'  that  is,  in  Netley  Abbey,  and  he 
left  many  legacies  to  religious  houses  to  pray  for  his  soul. 
The  considerable  Manor  of  Maplederwell  in  Hampshire  had 
been  settled  contingently,  after  his  own  and  his  wife  Juliana's  * 
death,  on  Corpus  Christi  College,  on  condition  that  a  Scholar 
and  Fellow  of  his  kindred  should  be  on  the  Foundation.  But 
the  Scholar  was  only  to  be  elected,  if  he  satisfied  the  require- 
ments demanded  of  the  other  Scholars5.  In  return,  the 
Founder  provided  that,  after  the  death  of  William  Frost 
and  Juliana  his  wife,  there  should  be  a  daily  mass  celebrated 
for  the  repose  of  their  souls  at  the  altar  of  the  Holy  Trinity, 
which  was  to  be  called  '  Frost's  Altar  6.'  The  '  Frost's  Kin ' 
Fellowship  and  Scholarship  were  subsequently  a  frequent 
source  of  difficulty  in  the  College,  as  it  was  not  always 
easy  to  determine  the  claims  to  descent.  These  were  all,  I  be- 
lieve, traced  through  Alice  Frost,  William  Frost's  sister,  who 
had  married  Robert  Unwin  of  Horton,  Wilts.  It  may  be 
noticed  that  the  initials  W.  F.  and  the  arms  of  Frost  occur  in 
the  cornice  of  the  side  screens  in  Winchester  Cathedral;  she  wing 

1  Letters  and  Papers  of  Henry  VIII,  vol.  ii.  pt.  2,  No.  3297. 
a  Ibid.,  vol.  ii.  pt.  2,  No.  4540. 
3  See  Fulman  MSS.,  vol.  ix.  fol.  54  a. 

*  Frost  seems  to  have  had  another  wife,  '  Martina  Frost,'  who  survived  him. 
Fulman  MSS.,  vol.  ix,  fol.  54  a". 

5  C.  C.C.  Statutes,  ch.  14. 

6  C.  C.  C.  Statutes,  ch.  18. 

D 


34  CLAYMOND.     MORWENT.     PATE. 

that  Frost  contributed  to  this  work.     The  date  of  the  screens 
is  1525 l. 

OTHER  BENEFACTORS. 

The  material  needs  of  the  College  were  adequately  pro- 
vided for  by  Foxe  and  his  friends,  nor  does  it,  like  so  many 
of  its  sister  foundations,  trace  its  present  revenues  mainly, 
or  even  largely,  to  the  munificence  of  subsequent  benefactors. 
It  would  be  ungrateful,  however,  to  pass  over  in  silence  those 
members  of  the  College  who,  by  gifts  of  land  or  money  or 
books,  have  shewn  their  affection  for  the  place  of  their 
education  or  abode.  The  more  conspicuous  of  these  will  be 
noticed  under  their  several  dates,  or  in  the  Chapter  on  the 
Site  and  Buildings  of  the  College,  but  it  may  be  convenient 
here  to  give  a  chronological  list  of  what  may  be  called  the 
principal  benefactors  of  the  College  subsequent  to  its  first 
foundation.  They  are  : — 

(1)  John    Claymond,   the   First  President   (d.  1537),   who 
gave  divers  lands  in  Iffley,  Headington,  Cowley,  Littlemore, 
Sandford  and  Marston,  besides  books  to   the   Library  and 
other  presents. 

(2)  Robert  Morwent,  the  Second  President  (d.  1558),  who 
gave  lands  in  Cowley,  Horsepath,  and  Duntesbourne  Rouse, 
together  with   the   advowsons    of  Duntesbourne  and  Lower 
Heyford.     It  is  doubtful  whether  the  lands  in  Rewley  Meads2, 
devised  by  Morwent,  were  purchased  with  his  own  money,  or 
that  of  Claymond  entrusted  to  him  for  the  purposes  of  the 
College.     An   account   of  the  plate   bequeathed  by  him  is 
given  under  his  Presidency. 

(3)  Richard  Pate  of  Minsterworth  in  the  county  of  Glou- 
cester, Esq.,  who  had  been  admitted   Scholar  in   1532,  but 

1  Mr.  Chisholm  Batten's  Life  of  Bishop  Foxe,  p.  116. 

a  In  Moment's  Will  (dated  Aug.  20,  1552),  touching  Rewley  Meads  and  his 
other  lands  devised  to  the  College,  he  imposes  the  condition  that  '  they  and  there 
successours  shall  distribute  or  cause  to  be  distributed  weekly  for  ever  XXVIII d 
housold  bread  to  poor  people  that  have  much  need.'  '  If  it  shoulde  fortune  the 
sayd  Colledge  to  bee  suppressed,  which  thinge  God  forbid,'  then  he  leaves  Rewley 
Meads  to  his  cousin  Thomas  Morwent,  on  condition  that  he  distribute  XII d 
weekly  in  like  manner.  See  Evidences,  vol.  i.  p.  368. 


ST.  PAUL.     LADY  WARWICK.  35 

never  became  Fellow.  In  founding  his  Grammar  School  and 
Hospital  at  Cheltenham,  he,  by  an  Indenture  dated  Oct.  6, 
1686  (a  copy  of  which  exists  in  the  College  Lease  Book,  No. 
3,  fol.  156,  &c.),  covenants  with  the  College  that,  in  return  for 
undertaking  the  charge  of  his  property  and  administering  the 
benefaction,  they  shall  receive  one-fourth  part  of  the  gross 
revenue, '  according  to  the  statutes  of  the  said  Colledge  in  this 
case  most  providently  provided.'  (See  C.  C.  C.  Statutes,  ch. 
45.) 1  This  property,  which  was  situated  in  Cheltenham,  'The 
Leigh,'  and  Gloucester,  brought  in,  at  the  time  of  making  the 
Indenture,  a  gross  sum  of  about  ^54  a  year.  It  now  some- 
times produces  a  net  annual  income  of  over  .£2000.  The 
pecuniary  interest  of  the  College  remains  the  same  as  formerly, 
except  that,  by  the  last  order  of  the  Charity  Commissioners, 
it  receives  one-fourth  of  the  net  instead  of  the  gross  revenues. 
But  the  appointment  and  removal  of  the  Master  and  Usher, 
and  the  general  supervision  of  the  School  and  Hospital, 
instead  of  being  vested  in  the  President  and  Seven  Senior 
Fellows  of  Corpus,  are  now  transferred  to  a  Governing  Body 
on  which  the  College  has  four  representatives.  Pate  died  on 
October  29,  1588,  aged  73,  and  was  buried  in  the  South 
Transept  of  Gloucester  Cathedral,  where  his  monument  was 
renewed  by  the  College  in  1688.  He  is  dressed  in  the  habit 
of  a  lawyer. 

(4)  Sir  George  St.  Paul,  Bart.,  who  matriculated  as  a  gentle- 
man-commoner, under  the  name  of  George  Sampole,  in  1578, 
and  died  in  1613.     He  devised  to  the  College  part  of  its 
estate  at  Lissington  in  Lincolnshire,  the  rest  being  given  by 
his  wife 

(5)  Frances,  daughter  of  Sir  Christopher  Wray,  Kt,  Lord 
Chief  Justice  of  the  King's  Bench,  who,  after  Sir  George  St. 
Paul's  death,  was  married  to  the  Earl  of  Warwick,  brother  of 
Robert  Dudley,  Earl  of  Leicester.     She  also  gave  her  part  of 
the  advowson  of  Bassingham  Rectory. 

1  Wood's  account  of  this  benefaction  is  inaccurate  and  misleading.  The 
account  in  the  text  is  taken  from  the  Indenture  itself.  I  may  here  state  that,  in 
my  account  of  these  minor  benefactions,  I  have  used  the  Fulman  MSS.,  vol.  ix, 
fol.  54  b-55  b,  Wood's  Colleges  and  Halls,  p.  393,  &c.,  and,  wherever  possible, 
original  documents. 

D  2 


36  TURNER.     OTHER  BENEFACTORS. 

(6)  Dr.  Thomas  Turner,  President  from  i68|  to  1714,  who 
munificently  erected,  at  his  own  expense,  the  Fellows'  Build- 
ings, and,  in  addition  to  other  benefactions,  bequeathed  his 
large  and  valuable  Library  to  the  College. 

Benefactors  on  a  smaller  scale  than  those  just  enumerated 
have  been  Robert  Gale,  Vintner,  of  London,  who  left  £zo  a  year 
to  be  divided  amongst  six  poor  Scholars  ;  Richard  Cobb,  B.D., 
Fellow,  d.  1597,  who  bequeathed  £20  a  year  to  poor  Scholars 
and  all  his  books  to  the  Library;  Lord  Coleraine,  d.  1749, 
a  munificent  benefactor  of  the  Library  (of  whose  gifts  some 
account  will  be  given  under  Dr.  Turner's  Presidency) ;  and 
Mrs.  Mather,  the  widow  of  Dr.  Mather,  President,  who  be- 
queathed a  legacy  of  .£50  a  year  in  augmentation  of  the 
President's  stipend.  Amongst  the  benefactors  to  the  Libraryj 
in  addition  to  the  Founder,  whose  collection  of  MSS.  and 
early  printed  books  is  specially  valuable,  and  those  already 
mentioned,  namely,  Claymond,  Dr.  Turner,  Richard  Cobb, 
and  Lord  Coleraine,  there  should  be  commemorated  Dr. 
Reynolds,  Henry  Parry,  Brian  Twyne,  William  Fulman,  John 
Rosewell,  Cuthbert  Ellison,  and  General  Oglethorpe. 

Some  account  of  contributions  towards  the  repairs  of  old 
or  the  erection  of  new  buildings,  gifts  to  the  Chapel,  &c.,  will 
be  given  towards  the  close  of  Chapter  III. 

It  should  be  remarked  that  considerable  accessions  to  the 
College  property  gradually  accrued  through  the  operation  of 
the  Statute  (ch.  43),  which  required  the  balance  of  each  year 
to  be  carried  to  the  Tower  Fund,  and  expended,  so  far  as  it 
was  not  required  for  the  prosecution  or  defence  of  law-suits, 
in  the  acquisition  of  new  property.  This  provision,  as  will 
be  seen  in  the  Chapter  on  the  Sources  of  Revenue,  resulted  in 
the  purchase  of  several  advowsons  as  well  as  of  additional 
land  and  houses  ('  terras  emptae '). 


CHAPTER    II. 

THE  STATUTES  AND  THE  ORIGINAL  SETTLEMENT 
OF  THE  COLLEGE. 

THE  Statutes  were  given  by  the  Founder  in  the  year  1517, 
and  supplemented  in  1527,  the  revised  version  being  signed 
by  him,  in  an  extremely  trembling  hand,  on  the  i3th  of 
February,  1527-8,  within  eight  months  of  his  death,  which 
occurred,  as  we  have  seen,  on  the  5th  of  October,  1528. 
These  Statutes  are  of  peculiar  interest,  both  on  account  of 
the  vivid  picture  which  they  bring  before  us  of  the  domestic 
life  of  a  mediaeval  College,  and  the  provision  made  for  the  in- 
struction in  the  new  learning  introduced  by  the  Renaissance. 
Indeed  Corpus  and  the  subsequent  foundations  of  Christ  Church 
at  Oxford  and  Trinity  at  Cambridge  constitute  what  may 
be  distinctively  called  the  Renaissance  group  of  Colleges. 

The  preamble  and  preface  set  forth,  in  touching  words, 
Bishop  Foxe's  twofold  object,  the  advancement  of  knowledge, 
and  the  maintenance  of  religion  : 

'Ad  honorem  pretiosissimi  corporis  Domini  nostri  Jesu  Christi, 
ejusque  Matris  integerrimse,  casterorumque  Sanctorum  omnium, 
ecclesiarum  Wintoniensis,  Dunelmensis,  Bathoniensis  et  Wellensis, 
necnon  Exoniensis,  cathedralium  patronorum,  nos  Ricardus  Fox, 
divina  vocatione  Wintoniensis  Episcopus,  Collegii  Corporis  Christi 
in  Universitate  Oxoniensi  fundator,  extructor  et  dotator,  veneratis- 
simo  sanctissimse  et  individual  Trinitatis  nomine  invocato,  nostra 
eidem  collegio  statuta  condidimus,  et  in  hoc  originali  libro,  ad 
perennem  et  perpetuam  memoriam  et  stabilitatem,  conscripsimus 
et  consignavimus ;  ad  hunc  modum  in  ea  prsefati. 
Prcefatio  de  fundatione. 

Non  habemus  hie  civitatem  manentem,  ut  ait  Apostolus,  sed 
futuram  inquirimus  caelestem,  ad  quam  facilius  et  celerius  nos  per- 


38  ORIGINAL  STATUTES. 

venire  speramus,  si,  dum  in  hac  vita  peregrinamur  misera  et  mortali, 
scalam  erigamus,  unde  faciliorem  paremus  ascensum ;  dextrum  latus 
scalae  appellantes  virtutem,  sinistrum  vero  scientiam,  gradibus  inter- 
positis  qui  utrisque  serviant  lateribus.  Habent  enim  utraque  latera 
suos  gradus,  a  quibus  aut  in  alta  levemur,  aut  in  ima  premamur. 
Nos  itaque,  Richardus  Fox,  divina  providentia  Wintoniensis  Epi- 
scopus,  hac  scala  et  ipsi  caelum  ascendere  et  ingredi  cupientes,  ac 
aliis  ad  ascensum  et  ingressum  hujusmodi  auxiliari  et  subvenire  ex- 
petentes,  de  opibus  quas  nobis  Deus  ex  sua  benignitate  elargitus  est, 
unum  alvearium  in  Universitate  Oxonii,  quod  collegium  Corporis 
Christi  appellavimus,  fundavimus,  ereximus  et  extruximus ;  in  quo 
scholastici,  veluti  ingeniosas  apes,  dies  noctesque  ceram  ad  Dei 
honorem  et  dulciflua  mella  confidant  ad  suam  et  universorum 
Christianorum  commoditatem :  in  quo  alveario,  Prsesidentem,  qui 
ca5teris  prsesit,  viginti  scholares  sive  Socios,  totidem  discipulos,  tres 
lectores,  qui  intus  operentur,  unusquisque  suo  officio  et  ordine,  in 
omne  sevum  habitare  constituimus  et  decernimus  per  praesentes.  Ac, 
prseterea,  sex  sacelli  ministros,  quorum  duo  sint  sacerdotes,  duo 
clerici  non  sacerdotes,  acoliti,  aut  saltern  prima  tonsura  initiati, 
reliqui  vero  duo  choristse.' 

The  greatest  novelty  of  the  Corpus  Statutes  is  the  institution 
of  a  public  lecturer  ('  lector  publicus ')  in  Greek,  who  was  to 
lecture  to  the  en  tire  University,  and  was  evidently  designed  to  be 
one  of  the  principal  officers  of  the  College.  This  readership 
appears  to  have  been  the  first  permanent  office  created  in  either 
University  for  the  purpose  of  giving  instruction  in  the  Greek 
language;  though,  for  some  years  before  the  close  of  the 
fifteenth  century,  Grocyn,  Linacre,  and  others,  had  taught 
Greek  at  Oxford,  in  a  private  or  semi-official  capacity 1.  On 
Mondays,  Wednesdays,  and  Fridays,  throughout  the  year, 
the  Greek  reader  was  to  give  instruction  in  some  portion  of 
the  Grammar  of  Theodorus  or  other  approved  Greek  gram- 
marian, together  with  some  part  of  Lucian,  Philostratus,  or  the 
orations  of  Isocrates.  On  Tuesdays,  Thursdays,  and  Satur- 
days, throughout  the  year,  he  was  to  lecture  in  Aristophanes, 
Theocritus,  Euripides,  Sophocles,  Pindar,  or  Hesiod,  or  some 
other  of  the  more  ancient  Greek  poets,  with  some  part  of 

1  See  Professor  Burrows'  interesting  account  of  this  movement  in  his  Memoir 
of  Grocyn,  published  in  the  Oxford  Historical  Society's  Collectanea,  Vol.  II  (1890). 


THE  THREE  PUBLIC  READERS.  39 

Demosthenes,  Thucydides,  Aristotle,  Theophrastus,  or  Plutarch. 
It  will  be  noticed  that  there  is  no  express  mention  in  this  list 
of  Homer,  ^schylus,  Herodotus,  or  Plato.  Thrice  a  week, 
moreover,  in  vacations,  he  was  to  give  private  instruction  in 
Greek  grammar  or  rhetoric,  or  some  Greek  author,  to  all 
members  of  the  College  below  the  degree  of  Master  of  Arts. 
Lastly,  all  Fellows  and  Scholars  below  the  degree  of  Bachelor 
in  Divinity,  including  even  Masters  of  Arts,  were  bound,  on 
pain  of  loss  of  commons,  to  attend  the  public  lectures  of  both 
the  Greek  and  Latin  reader ;  and  not  only  so,  but  to  pass  a 
satisfactory  examination  in  them  to  be  conducted  three 
evenings  in  the  week. 

Similar  regulations  as  to  teaching  are  laid  down  with  regard 
to  the  Professor  of  Humanity  or  Latin  ('  Lector  seu  Professor 
artium  humanitatis '),  whose  special  province  it  is  carefully 
to  extirpate  all  'barbarism'  from  our  'bee-hive,'  the  name 
by  which,  throughout  these  Statutes,  Foxe  fondly  calls 
his  College l.  The  lectures  were  to  begin  at  eight  in  the 
morning,  and  to  be  given  all  through  the  year,  eithei  in  the 
Hall  of  the  College,  or  in  some  public  place  within  the 
University.  The  authors  specified  are  Cicero,  Sallust,  Valerius 
Maximus,  Suetonius,  Pliny's  Natural  History,  Livy,  Quintilian, 
Virgil,  Ovid,  Lucan,  Juvenal,  Terence,  and  Plautus.  It  will  be 
noticed  that  Horace  and  Tacitus  are  absent  from  the  list  2. 
Moreover,  in  vacations,  the  Professor  is  to  lecture,  three  times 
a  week,  to  all  inmates  of  the  College  below  the  degree  of 
Master  of  Arts,  on  the  Elegantiae  of  Laurentius  Valla,  the 
Attic  Nights  of  Aulus  Gellius,  the  Miscellanea  of  Politian,  or 
something  of  the  like  kind  according  to  the  discretion  of  the 
President  and  Seniors. 

The  third  reader  was  to  be  a  Lecturer  in  Theology,  'the 

1  Thus,  in  speaking  of  the  three  readers  of  Theology,  Greek,  and  Latin,  he 
says : — '  Decernimus  igitur  intra  nostrum  alvearium  tres  herbarios  peritissimos  in 
omne  sevum  constituere,  qui  stirpes,  herbas,  turn  fructu  turn  usu  praestantissimas, 
in  eo  plantent  et  conserant,  ut  apes  ingeniosse  e  toto  gymnasio  Oxoniensi  con- 
volantes  ex  eo  exugere  atque  excerpere  poterunt.'  Even  in  the  Preface,  as  we 
have  seen,  he  already  begins  to  use  this  metaphor. 

8  And  yet  there  are,  in  the  College  Library,  two  copies  of  Horace,  and  one 
each  of  Homer,  Herodotus,  and  Plato  (see  above),  all  given  by  the  Founder 
himself.  Cp.  p.  93  and  note  i  on  that  page. 


40  ORIGINAL  STATUTES. 

science  which  we  have  always  so  highly  esteemed,  that  this 
our  bee-hive  has  been  constructed  solely  or  mainly  for  its  sake.' 
But,  even  here,  the  spirit  of  the  Renaissance  is  predominant. 
The  Professor  is  to  lecture  every  working-day  throughout  the 
year  (excepting  ten  weeks),  year  by  year  in  turn,  on  some 
portion  of  the  Old  or  New  Testament.  The  authorities  for 
their  interpretation,  however,  are  no  longer  to  be  such 
mediaeval  authors  as  Nicolas  de  Lyra  or  Hugh  of  Vienne 
(more  commonly  called  Hugo  de  Sancto  Charo  or  Hugh  of 
St.  Cher),  far  posterior  in  time  and  inferior  in  learning 1,  but 
the  holy  and  ancient  Greek  and  Latin  doctors,  especially 
Jerome,  Augustine,  Ambrose,  Origen,  Hilary,  Chrysostom, 
John  of  Damascus,  and  others  of  that  kind.  These  theological 
lectures  were  to  be  attended  by  all  Fellows  of  the  College 
who  had  been  assigned  to  the  study  of  theology,  except 
Doctors.  No  special  provision  seems  to  be  made  in  the 
Statutes  for  the  theological  instruction  of  the  junior  members 
of  the  College,  such  as  the  Scholars,  Clerks,  &c. ;  but  the 
services  in  Chapel  would  furnish  a  constant  reminder  of  the 
principal  events  in  Christian  history  and  the  essential  doctrines 
of  the  Christian  Church.  The  Doctors,  though  exempt  from 
attendance  at  lectures,  were,  like  all  the  other  'theologians,' 
bound  to  take  part  in  the  weekly  theological  disputations. 
Absence,  in  their  case  as  in  that  of  the  others,  was  punishable 
by  subtraction  of  commons,  and,  if  persisted  in,  it  is  curious 
to  find  that  the  ultimate  penalty  was  an  injunction  to  preach 
a  sermon,  during  the  next  Lent,  at  St.  Peter's  in  the  East. 

In  addition  to  attendance  at  the  theological  lectures  of  the 
public  reader  of  their  own  College,  '  theologians,'  not  being 
Doctors,  were  required  to  attend  two  other  lectures  daily :  one, 
beginning  at  seven  in  the  morning,  in  the  School  of  Divinity ; 
the  other,  at  Magdalen,  at  nine.  Bachelors  of  Arts,  so  far  as 
was  consistent  with  attendance  at  the  public  lectures  in  their 
own  College,  were  to  attend  two  lectures  a  day  '  in  philosophy ' 
(meaning,  probably,  metaphysics,  morals,  and  natural  philo- 
sophy), at  Magdalen,  going  and  returning  in  a  body ;  one  of 
these  courses  of  lectures,  it  may  be  noticed,  appears  from  the 

1  Ac  cseteros,  ut  tempore,  ita  doctrina,  longe  posteriores. 


OCCUPATIONS  OF  THE  STUDENTS.  41 

Magdalen  Statutes  to  have  been  delivered  at  six  in  the 
morning.  Undergraduates  (described  as  '  sophistse  et  logici ') 
were  to  be  lectured  in  logic,  and  assiduously  practised  in 
arguments  and  the  solution  of  sophisms  by  one  or  two  of  the 
Fellows  or  probationers  assigned  for  that  purpose.  These 
lecturers  in  logic  were  diligently  to  explain  Porphyry  and 
Aristotle,  at  first  in  Latin,  afterwards  in  Greek.  Moreover,  all 
undergraduates,  who  had  devoted  at  least  six  months  and  not 
more  than  thirty  to  the  study  of  logic,  were  to  frequent  the 
argumentative  contest  in  the  schools  ('illud  gloriosum  in 
Parviso  certamen '),  as  often  as  it  seemed  good  to  the  President. 
Even  on  festivals  and  during  holiday  times,  they  were  not  to 
be  idle,  but  to  compose  verses  and  letters  on  literary  subjects, 
to  be  shown  up  to  the  Professor  of  Humanity.  They  were, 
however,  to  be  permitted  occasional  recreation  in  the  afternoon 
hours,  both  on  festival  and  work  days,  provided  they  had  the 
consent  of  the  Lecturer  and  Dean,  and  the  President  (or,  in 
his  absence,  the  Vice-President)  raised  no  objection.  Equal 
care  was  taken  to  prevent  the  Bachelors  from  falling  into 
slothful  habits  during  the  vacations.  Three  times  a  week  at 
least,  during  the  Long  Vacation,  they  were,  each  of  them,  to 
expound  some  astronomical  or  mathematical  work  to  be 
assigned,  from  time  to  time,  by  the  Dean  of  Philosophy,  in 
the  hall  or  chapel,  and  all  Fellows  and  probationers  of  the 
College,  not  being  graduates  in  theology,  were  bound  to  be 
present  at  the  exercises.  In  the  shorter  vacations,  one  of 
them,  selected  by  the  Dean  of  Arts  as  often  as  he  chose  to 
enjoin  the  task,  was  to  explain  some  poet,  orator,  or  historian, 
to  his  fellow-bachelors  and  undergraduates. 

Nor  was  attendance  at  the  University  and  College  lectures, 
together  with  the  private  instruction,  examinations,  and  exer- 
cises connected  with  them,  the  only  occupation  of  these 
hard-worked  students.  They  were  also  bound,  according  to 
their  various  standings  and  faculties,  to  take  part  in  or  be 
present  at  frequent  disputations  in  logic,  natural  philosophy, 
metaphysics,  morals,  and  theology.  The  theological  disputa- 
tions, with  the  penalties  attached  to  failure  to  take  part  in 
them,  have  already  been  noticed.  The  Bachelors  of  Arts, 


42  ORIGINAL  STATUTES. 

and,  in  certain  cases,  the  '  necessary  regents '  among  the 
Masters  (that  is,  those  Masters  of  Arts  who  had  not  yet  com- 
pleted two  years  from  the  date  of  that  degree),  were  also 
bound  to  dispute  in  the  subjects  of  their  faculty,  namely, 
logic,  natural  philosophy,  metaphysics,  and  morals,  for  at 
least  two  hours  twice  a  week.  Nor  could  any  Fellow  or 
Scholar  take  his  Bachelor's  degree,  till  he  had  read  and 
explained  some  work  or  portion  of  a  work  of  some  Latin 
poet,  orator,  or  historian ;  or  his  Master's  degree,  till  he  had 
explained  some  book,  or  at  least  volume,  of  Greek  logic  or 
philosophy.  When  ,we  add  to  these  requirements  of  the 
College  the  disputations  also  imposed  by  the  University,  and 
the  numerous  religious  offices  in  the  Chapel,  we  may  easily 
perceive  that,  in  this  busy  hive  of  literary  industry,  there  was 
little  leisure  for  the  amusements  which  now  absorb  so  large  a 
portion  of  the  student's  time  and  thoughts.  Though,  when 
absent  from  the  University,  they  were  not  forbidden  to  spend 
a  moderate  amount  of  time  in  hunting  or  fowling,  yet,  when 
actually  in  Oxford,  they  were  restricted  to  games  of  ball  in 
the  College  garden.  Nor  had  they,  like  the  modern  student, 
prolonged  vacations.  Vacation  to  them  was  mainly  a  respite 
from  University  exercises;  the  College  work,  though  varied 
in  subject-matter,  going  on,  in  point  of  quantity,  much  as 
usual.  They  were  allowed  indeed,  for  a  reasonable  cause,  to 
spend  a  portion  of  the  vacation  away  from  Oxford,  but  the 
whole  time  of  absence,  in  the  case  of  a  Fellow,  was  not,  in  the 
aggregate,  to  exceed  forty  days  in  the  year,' nor,  in  the  case  of 
a  Probationer  or  Scholar,  twenty  days ;  nor  were  more  than 
six  members  of  the  foundation  ever  to  be  absent  at  a  time, 
except  at  certain  periods,  which  we  might  call  the  depths  of 
the  vacations,  when  the  number  might  reach  ten.  The  liberal 
ideas  of  the  Founder  are,  however,  shown  in  the  provision  that 
one  Fellow  or  Scholar  at  a  time  might  have  leave  of  absence 
for  three  years,  in  order  to  settle  in  Italy,  or  some  other 
country,  for  the  purposes  of  study.  He  was  to  retain  his  full 
allowance  during  absence,  and,  when  he  returned,  he  was  to  be 
available  for  the  office  of  a  Reader,  when  next  vacant. 

This  society  of  students  would  consist  of  between  fifty  and 


DIFFERENT  GRADES  OF  STUDENTS.  43 

sixty  persons,  all  of  whom,  we  must  recollect,  were  normally 
bound  to  residence,  and  to  take  their  part,  each  in  his  several 
degree,  in  the  literary  activity  of  the  College,  or,  according  to 
the  language  of  the  Founder,  '  to  make  honey.'  Besides  the 
President,  there  were  twenty  Fellows,  twenty  Scholars  (called 
'disciples'),  two  Chaplains,  and  two  Clerks,  who  might  be 
called  the  constant  elements  of  the  College.  In  addition  to 
these,  there  might  be  some  or  even  all  of  the  three  Readers, 
in  case  they  were  not  included  among  the  Fellows  ;  four,  or 
at  the  most  six,  sons  of  nobles  or  lawyers  ('jure  regni  peri- 
torum')1,  a  kind  of  boarder  afterwards  called  'gentlemen- 
commoners  ' ;  and  some  even  of  the  servants.  The  last  class 
consisted  of  two  servants  for  the  President  (one  a  groom,  the 
other  a  body-servant,  who  seems,  in  later  times,  to  have  acted 
as  a  sort  of  secretary),  the  manciple,  the  butler,  two  cooks,  the 
porter  (who  was  also  barber),  and  the  clerk  of  accompt.  It 
would  appear  from  the  Statutes  that  these  servants,  who 
undoubtedly,  at  that  time,  were  more  on  a  level  with  the  other 
members  of  the  College  than  has  been  the  case  during  the 
last  century  or  more,  might  or  might  not2  pursue  the  studies 
of  the  College,  according  to  their  discretion ;  if  they  chose  to 
do  so,  they  probably  proceeded  to  their  degrees  3.  Lastly, 

1  It  is  plain  that  the  Founder  foresaw  the  danger  of  admitting  this  class 
of  students  from  the  precautions  which  he  attaches  to  his  permission.  There 
were  only  to  be  four,  or  at  the  most  six,  '  ad  discretionem  Prsesidentis,'  and  they 
were  only  to  remain  '  quamdiu  suit  sub  tutoribus  et  honeste  se  gerant  in  omnibus 
exemplo  et  moribus,  ut  alii  ex  Collegio  per  eos  fiant  non  deteriores '  (cap.  34). 

*  '  Ut  intus  operentur  mellifici  nee  evocentur  ad  vilia,  decernimus  ut  sint  quidam 
ab  opere  mellifico  liberi  et  aliis  obsequiis  dediti.  Verumtamen,  si  quispiam 
eorum  mellificos  voluerit  imitari,  duplicem  merebitur  coronam';  Statut.  cap.  17. 
In  cap.  37  the  lecturers  are  required  to  admit  the  'ministri  Sacelli'  and  'famuli 
Collegii '  to  their  lectures,  without  charge. 

3  There  can  be  no  doubt  that,  at  this  period  and  subsequently,  the  College 
servants  were  often  matriculated  and  proceeded  to  their  degrees.  And,  as  they 
were  entered  in  the  College  books  not  by  their  names  but  by  their  offices,  this  is 
one  reason  why  it  is  often  so  difficult  to  trace  a  student  of  those  times  to  his 
College.  A  notable  instance  is  that  of  Dr.  Fiddes,  author  of  the  Life  of  Wolsey, 
&c.,  which  will  be  noticed  towards  the  close  of  the  seventeenth  century.  He  may, 
however,  possibly  have  been  a  servitor,  not  one  of  the  '  famuli  Collegii.'  Servi- 
tors, though  not  recognised  in  the  Statutes,  existed  in  the  College  in  the  seven- 
teenth century,  as,  for  instance,  Samuel  Ladiman,  who  was  appointed  Fellow  by 
the  Parliamentary  Visitors  in  1648. 


44  ORIGINAL  STATUTES. 

there  were  two  inmates  of  the  College,  who  were  too  young  to 
attend  the  lectures  and  disputations,  but  who  were  to  be 
taught  grammar  and  instructed  in  good  authors,  either  within 
the  College  or  at  Magdalen  School.  These  were  the  choristers, 
who  were  to  dine  and  sup  with  the  servants,  and  to  minister 
in  the  Hall  and  Chapel ;  but,  as  they  grew  older,  were  to  have 
a  preference  in  the  election  to  scholarships. 

The  qualifications  of  the  various  members  of  the  College 
are  enumerated  with  some  minuteness.  To  begin  with  the 
President  (cap.  2) : 

'Statuimus  ut  Prsesidens  sit  probis  moribus,  integra  vita,  fama 
inviolata,  ordine  sacerdotii  constitutus,  neque  episcopus  nee  religiosus, 
in  sacra  theologia  doctus,  et  graduatus,  ad  minus  Baccalaureus,  aut 
saltern  ita  edoctus  ut  intra  quatuor  menses  post  ejus  prsefectionem 
realiter  accipiat  gradum  praedictum,  omniaque  facial,  disputando  et 
praedicando,  quae  ex  more  ad  dictum  attinent  gradum ;  annos  natus 
triginta,  cultui  divino,  virtuti  et  scientiae  sacrarum  literarum  deditus, 
in  re  familiari  providus,  in  his  quae  ad  proventus,  redditus,  sedificia, 
locationes,  conductiones  et  csetera  hujusmodi  pertinent,  peritus  et 
expertus;  ut,  veluti  rector  vigilans,  quid  bene  quidve  male  actum 
fuerit  facile  discernat.' 

The  word  '  religiosus,'  like  the  phrase  '  entered  religion,'  is 
here  used  in  a  technical ,  sense  of  a  monk.  The  Colleges 
which  existed  solely  or  principally  for  the  education  of  the 
secular  clergy,  were  so  different  in  their  aims,  spirit,  and 
organization,  from  the  monastic  bodies,  that,  even  where 
this  disqualification  was  not  explicitly  named  in  the  case 
of  the  Head  or  Fellows  of  a  College,  it  seems  to  have  been 
implicitly  understood.  With  Foxe's  provision  that  the  Head 
of  his  College  should  not  be  a  Bishop,  his  own  practice 
seems,  at  first  sight,  to  be  grossly  inconsistent.  For,  as  we 
have  already  seen,  even  while  occupying  the  large,  important, 
and  lucrative  see  of  Winchester,  he  was  for  no  less  than  twelve 
years  (from  1507  to  1519),  including  the  very  year  in  which 
he  drew  up  these  Statutes,  Master  of  Pembroke  College, 
Cambridge.  But  this  office  appears,  for  a  long  time  both 
before  and  after  Foxe's  Mastership,  to  have  been  honorary, 
and  to  have  implied  rather  the  functions  of  a  patron,  a  '  friend 


QUALIFICATIONS  OF  STUDENTS.  45 

at  court,'  than  the  ordinary  administrative  duties  of  a  Head1. 
On  an  appeal  to  him,  in  the  capacity  of  Visitor  of  Magdalen, 
in  the  year  1504,  as  to  the  retention  of  the  Presidency  of  that 
College  by  Richard  Mayew,  after  his  consecration  to  the 
Bishopric  of  Hereford,  Foxe,  as  we  have  already  seen,  decided 
against  him2,  though  there  was  no  such  direct  prohibition  as 
he  himself  subsequently  inserted  in  the  Statutes  of  Corpus  ; 
the  decision  being  probably  given  on  the  ground  of  the 
constant  residence  and  attention  to  his  duties  which  seems 
to  be  exacted  of  the  President  in  the  Magdalen  Statutes3. 
Eligibility  to  the  Presidentship  was  confined  to  those  who 
were  at  the  time,  or  at  least  had  been,  Fellows  of  the  College 
(ch.  3). 

Proceeding  to  the  Scholars  ('  discipuli '),  whom  it  is  con- 
venient to  take  next  in  order,  the  qualifications  demanded 
shew  the  scrupulous  care  of  the  Founder  that  his  benefaction 
should  not  be  abused,  and,  as  we  read  the  literary  require- 
ments, we  may  well  doubt  whether,  even  in  our  own  day,  they 
would  invariably  be  satisfied  by  those  who  now  win  '  open ' 
scholarships. 

'Sint  hi'  (sc.  discipuli)4  'ex  legitimo  thoro  nati  ac  prima  tonsura 
clerical!  initiati,  bonis  moribus  et  bona  indole  perornati,  in  grammatica 
Latina  approbatisque  Latinae  linguae  auctoribus  ita  eruditi,  ut  ex 
tempore  epistolas  Latine  dictare,  et  carmina  saltern  mediocriter  com- 
ponere  sciant.  .  .  .  Ac,  insuper,  dialectica  initiati,  aut  apti  saltern  et 
idonei  ac  admodum  parati  ut  ad  dialecticam  statim,  nisi  faciendis 
carminibus  et  componendis  epistolis  ad  tempus  retineantur,  promo- 
veri,  et  in  disciplinis  liberalibus  studere  et  proficere,  valeant.  Sint 
prseterea,  in  eorum  prima  ad  discipulatum  in  nostro  Collegio  admis- 
sione,  scholastici  non  graduati,  in  piano  cantu  aliquantulum  eruditi, 

1  See  p.  1 3,  above. 

2  See  p.  u,  above,  and  Mr.  Wilson's  article  on  Magdalen,  in  the  Colleges 
of  Oxford,  p.  240. 

3  The  chapters  in  the  Magdalen  Statutes  are  not  numbered.     Those  I   am 
referring  to  will  be  found  on  pp.  46,  47  ;  58  of  the  Old  Statutes  of  the  Colleges  of 
Oxford.    In  the  former  Statute,  the  President  is  allowed  to  retain  his  office,  not- 
withstanding his  obtaining  ecclesiastical  benefices  or  other  revenues,  '  dum  tamen 
in  dicto  Collegio  resideat,  et  officium  snum  inibi  juxta  statutorum  nostrorum  exi- 
gentiam  gerat  aut  debite  exequatur." 

*  Statutes,  ch.  14. 


46  ORIGINAL  STATUTES. 

duodecimum  ad  minus  attigentes  annum,  nee  nonum  decimum  com- 
pletum  excedentes.'  (In  a  subsequent  chapter,  ch.  54,  the  age  is 
extended  to  twenty-one  years,  in  the  case  of  an  '  extern '  (interpreted, 
in  Dr.  Cole's  time,  as  including  a  Clerk  of  the  College)  '  in  Literis 
Latinis  aut  Graecis  egregie  eruditus,  et  caeteris  illius  aetatis  longe 
prsestantior.')  :  '  Non  habentes  possessiones,  redditus,  pensiones,  aut 
alia  certa  salaria,  ultra  annuum  valorem  quadraginta  solidorum :  nee 
praeterea  aliquod  impedimentum  canonicum  ad  ordinem  sacerdotii, 
praster  defectum  aetatis,  patientes.' 

Of  the  twenty  Scholars,  ten  were  to  be  natives  of  the 
dioceses  of  which  Foxe  had  been  Bishop  :  namely,  five  of  the 
diocese  of  Winchester,  of  which  two  were  appropriated  to  the 
county  of  Surrey,  and  three  to  the  county  of  Southampton,  in 
which  latter  number  was,  however,  to  be  included  the  Frost's 
kin  Scholar,  in  whatever  county  he  might  have  been  born ; 
one  of  the  diocese  of  Durham ;  two  of  the  diocese  of  Bath 
and  Wells ;  and  two  of  the  diocese  of  Exeter.  Two  of  the 
remainder  were  to  be  natives  of  the  county  of  Lincoln,  as  the 
Founder's  own  birth-county l ;  one  of  the  county  of  Lancaster, 
as  the  birth-county  of  Hugh  Oldham, '  frater  noster  clarissimus, 
hujus  nostri  Collegii  praecipuus  benefactor';  two  of  the  county 
of  Gloucester,  or,  in  failure  of  fit  candidates,  of  the  diocese  of 
Worcester ;  one  of  the  county  of  Wilts,  or,  in  failure  of  fit 
candidates,  of  the  diocese  of  Sarum  ;  one  of  the  county  of 
Bedford ;  two  of  the  county  of  Kent ;  one  of  the  county  of 
Oxford.  The  last  seven  seem  to  have  been  appropriated  to 
those  counties  or,  failing  the  counties,'  dioceses  in  which  the 
College  had  property.  But  the  local  restriction  was  not  to 
be  absolute.  If  a  favoured  county  or  diocese  failed,  on  any 
occasion,  to  supply  a  fit  candidate,  the  College  might  elect 
from  one  of  the  other  counties  or  dioceses,  provided  that  no 
one  county  or  diocese  should  ever  be  thus  represented  by  more 
than  one  additional  Scholar  at  the  same  time. 

The  Probationary  Fellows  (Scholares2)  were  to  be  'boni 
personae,  casti,  modesti,  bonae  famae,  doctiores  tarn  in  bonis 
literis  quam  in  logicis  et  philosophia,  et  in  eisdem  ad  profici- 

1  Cp.  with  ch.  14  the  chapter  (ch.  9)  relating  to  the  Scholares,  or  Probationary 
Fellows.  2  Ch.  9. 


QUALIFICATIONS  OF  STUDENTS.  47 

endum  magis  idonei.'  Though  '  externs '  were  not  absolutely 
excluded,  the  provisions  of  this  Statute  gave,  in  each  con- 
tingency, so  marked  a  preference  to  the  Scholars  ('  discipuli ') 
that  the  case  of  an  extern  becoming  a  Probationary  Fellow 
was  likely  to  be  very  rare,  and,  in  the  long  experience  of  the 
College,  it  seldom  happened.  The  distribution  of  dioceses 
and  counties  amongst  the  Fellows,  including,  for  this  purpose, 
both  actual  Fellows  and  Probationers,  corresponded  with  that 
amongst  the  Scholars ;  but  any  Scholars  who  had  taken  the 
M.A.  degree,  of  whatever  county  or  diocese  they  might  be, 
had  the  right  of  succession,  according  to  their  seniority,  in 
preference  to  all  who  were  not  thus  qualified,  though  there 
might  be  no  vacancy  in  their  own  particular  diocese  or 
county. 

After  a  probation  of  two  years  (a  length  of  probation 
which  seems  to  have  been  peculiar  to  Corpus),  a  '  scholaris ' 
became  a  '  perpetuus  socius '  or  '  verus  socius '  (what  we  now 
call  a  '  full  Fellow '),  unless,  either  at  the  end  of  his  first  or 
second  year  of  probation,  he  had  been  declared  to  be  '  non 
habilis,'  in  which  case  he  was  to  be  ruthlessly  removed  from 
the  Society.  '^Equum  namque  est  extra  alvearium  voracem 
et  inutilem  abigi  fucum,  ne  mellificae  et  operatricis  cibum 
devoret  apis1.' 

The  Chaplains  and  Clerks  were  grouped  under  the  common 
appellation  of  '  ministri  sacelli.'  '  Hi  erunt,'  says  the  Statute 
(cap.  16),  'numero  quatuor,  ut  praediximus,  conductitii'  {i.e. 
'  hired '  or  '  engaged,'  without  acquiring  any  permanent  rights, 
whence  the  term  '  conduct '  at  Eton  as  an  equivalent  for 
'chaplain'),  'omnes  bona  fama,  probis  moribus,  studiis  in 
logica,  philosophia,  aut  theologia  dediti,  et  ut  in  eisdem 
proficiant  apti  et  assidui.'  They  were  to  be  appointed  by 
the  President  or,  in  his  absence,  by  the  Vice-President  and 
one  of  the  Bursars,  and  were  removeable  by  the  same  authority, 
with  three  months'  notice,  except  in  the  case  of  contumacy 
or  bad  conduct,  in  which  case  they  might  be  summarily 
dismissed.  Though  they  were  bound  never  to  reveal  College 
secrets,  and  were  to  give  information  about  any  matter  which 

1  Cap.  12. 


48  ORIGINAL  STATUTES. 

concerned  the  interests  of  the  College;  they  were  never  to 
intervene  in  its  affairs  or  to  encourage  dissensions  or  dis- 
obedience. The  two  chaplains  were  to  be  priests,  'unus 
chori  praecentor  alter  autem  aedituus  sive  sacrista.'  The  '  use 
of  Sarum '  was  to  be  followed  by  both.  The  two  other 
'  ministri  sacelli,'  who  are  elsewhere  called  {  clerks/  the  name 
by  which,  in  subsequent  times,  they  were  usually  known,  were 
to  be  'accoliti  aut  saltern  prima  tonsura  initiati,  et  in  cantu 
satis  ut  deserviant  choro  laudabiliter  edocti ;  quorum  alter 
erit  organorum  pulsator,  alter  vero  erit  subsacrista.'  The 
latter,  besides  assisting  the  'sacrista/  was  to  ring  the  bells 
for  all  the  offices.  The  two  choristers,  who  are  to  be  appointed 
by  the  President,  '  erunt  in  omni  genere  cantus,  ad  minus 
piano  et  intorto  (pricked  appellant),  edocti  antequam  assu- 
mantur,  ut  ita  statim  aut  in  Collegio,  impensis  amicorum, 
aut  ludo  Magdalensi,  grammaticam  discant  et  bonos  auctores.' 
They  may  remain  in  the  College  '  usque  ad  primam  vocis 
permutationem/  if  so  it  seem  good  to  the  President.  They 
are  to  have  their  food  and  clothing,  but  no  '  stipendium ' 
('pocket-money'),  a  wise  limitation  probably  in  their  own 
interests.  The  other  provisions  with  regard  to  them  I  have 
already  mentioned. 

The  names  of  the  eight  College-servants  (who,  it  may 
be  noticed,  are  called  '  famuli,'  not  '  send '  or  '  servientes ') 
sufficiently  convey  their  own  meaning.  Their  duties  are 
described  in  Ch.  17  of  the  Statutes.  The  only  points 
requiring  further  mention  (I  have  already  spoken  of  them) 
are  that  the  manciple  ('  mancipium ')  was  also  called  '  obso- 
nator ' ;  that  the  butler,  subsequently  called  '  promus,'  is 
designated  in  the  Statutes  as  '  panarius  aut  pincerna,'  is  to  be 
unmarried,  and  is,  at  certain  times  in  the  day,  to  minister  '  ad 
inhabitantium  necessitates  et  studii  minorem  diminutionem/ 
the  only  indication,  in  the  original  Statutes,  of  any  attendance, 
on  the  part  of  servants,  to  the  private  wants  of  the  students, 
whether  senior  or  junior ;  that  the  porter,  who  was  also  to 
act  as  barber  and  to  make  the  College  candles,  was  to  be, 
like  the  butler,  unmarried,  '  si  hujusmodi  commode  haberi  et 
conduci  possit ' ;  lastly,  that  the  Clerk  of  Accompts  ('  clericus 


THE  COLLEGE  SERVANTS.  49 

computi ')  was  only  to  be  appointed  '  quando  et  quoties 
videatur  commodum  et  expediens  Praesidenti,  Vice-praesidenti, 
et  majori  parti  septem  seniorum,'  and  that  his  qualifications 
and  duties  were  rather  like  those  of  a  solicitor  and  accountant 
combined  than  those  of  what  we  should  now  call  a  servant, 
for  he  is  to  be  '  providus  et  in  curiis  tenendis '  (i.  e.  holding 
manorial  courts)  '  et  computis  audiendis '  (i.  e.  auditing  ac- 
counts), 'et  scribendis  expertus  et  exercitatus.'  That  the 
Clerk  of  Accompt  was  of  more  importance,  and  occupied 
a  higher  position,  than  the  other  '  famuli  Collegii '  is  plain  from 
Chapters  31  and  33  of  the  Statutes,  in  the  former  of  which 
his  allocation  is  fixed  at  the  same  amount  as  that  of  the 
President,  Fellows,  Chaplains,  and  Readers,  and  in  the  latter 
of  which  he  is  assigned  a  place  at  the  same  table  in  Hall 
as  the  Bursars  and  the  Fellow  who  acted  as  Steward  of  the 
Hall.  Though  the  Statutes  seem  to  assume  that  he  would 
live  inside  the  College,  it  is  probable  that,  as  he  was  not 
required  to  be  unmarried,  the  practice  may  soon  have  been 
dispensed  with ;  for  we  find  so  early  as  1566,  the  date  of 
Bishop  Home's  visitation,  that  Richard  Joyner,  Clerk  of  Ac- 
compts,  had  a  house  in  the  town  in  which  he  had  concealed 
some  of  the  vestments  then  in  question.  In  and  about  the 
parliamentary  times  he  appears  to  have  occupied  much  the 
same  sort  of  position  as  a  modern  Chapter  Clerk.  More 
recently,  his  functions  appear  to  have  been  divided  between 
the  College  Solicitor  and  the  Bailiff,  which  latter  officer  is 
now,  to  some  extent,  represented  by  the  Bursar's  Clerk. 

The  Statute  De  Famulis  Collegii  concludes  with  some 
regulations  about  the  laundresses  ('  lotrices ').  It  is  curious, 
nowadays,  to  read  the  regulation  that  no  Fellow  or  Scholar  is 
'  to  take  his  own  clothes  or  those  of  others  to  the  wash,'  but 
the  laundresses  are  to  fetch  them  on  Monday  or  Tuesday 
from  the  Porter's  Lodge,  going  no  further  into  the  College, 
and  to  return  them  at  the  same  place  on  the  Saturday. 

Passing  to  the  domestic  arrangements,  the  Fellows  and 
Scholars — there  are  curiously  no  directions  with  regard  to  the 
other  members  of  the  College — were  to  sleep  two  and  two 
in  a  room,  a  Fellow  and  Scholar  together,  the  Fellow  in 

E 


50  DOMESTIC  ARRANGEMENTS. 

a  high  bed,  and  the  Scholar  in  a  truckle-bed.  The  Fellow 
was  to  have  the  supervision  of  the  Scholar  who  shared  his 
room,  to  set  him  a  good  example,  to  instruct  him,  to  admonish 
or  punish  him  if  he  did  wrong,  and  (if  need  were)  to  report 
him  to  the  disciplinal  officers  of  the  College.  The  limitation 
of  two  to  a  room  was  a  distinct  advance  on  the  existing 
practice.  At  the  most  recently  founded  Colleges,  Magdalen 
and  Brasenose,  the  number  prescribed  in  the  Statutes  was 
three  or  four.  As  no  provision  is  made  in  the  Statutes  for 
bed-makers,  or  attendants  on  the  rooms,  there  can  be  little 
doubt  that  the  beds  were  made  and  the  rooms  kept  in  order 
by  the  junior  occupant,  an  office  which,  in  those  days  when 
the  sons  of  men  of  quality  served  as  pages  in  great  houses, 
implied  no  degradation.  At  a  later  period1  servitors  were 
introduced,  that  is,  poor  students,  duly  matriculated,  who 
performed  much  the  same  offices  for  the  richer  students  as 
are  now  performed  by  the  scouts.  After  the  Restoration,  as  we 
shall  see  in  Bishop  Morley's  remarks  on  Curtois's  case,  there 
were  female  bed-makers2.  Occasionally,  too,  at  Corpus  as 
at  other  Colleges,  noblemen  or  other  gentlemen-commoners, 
doubtless,  brought  their  private  servants  with  them  from 
home.  This  practice,  in  the  University  generally,  probably 
dated  from  a  very  early  period,  as  also  the  analogous  practice 
of  bringing  a  private  tutor. 

In  the  hall  there  were  two  meals  in  the  day,  dinner  and 
supper,  the  former  at  eleven  a.m.,  the  latter  about  five  or 
six  p.m.3  At  what  we  should  now  call  the  High  Table,  there 
were  to  sit  the  President,  the  Vice-President,  and  Reader  in 

1  In   the   Buttery  Book  for   1648-9,  there  are    some  names  which  probably 
represent  servitors ;  and  in  the  University  Matriculation  Books,  throughout   the 
seventeenth  century,  there  are  several  matriculations  from  Corpus,  to  which  are 
attached  the  designation  serv.  or  p.  p.  (i.e.  pauper  puer  or  pauper  simply).   I  have 
not  found  any  of  these  latter  names  in  the  Buttery  Books.     Most  of  them  probably 
were  servitors,  others,  perhaps,  private  servants,  others  '  famuli  Collegii.' 

2  '  Mrs.  Moore,'  who  appears  in  the  Buttery  Book  for  1648-9,  is  probably  an 
early  instance  of  a  female  bedmaker. 

3  In  Thomas  Lever's  Sermon  at  St.  Paul's  Cross  in  1550,  the  dinner  hour  at 
Cambridge  is  given  as  10,  the  supper  hour  as  5.     I  have  placed  the  dinner  hour 
at  C.  C.  C.  at  n,  because  (see  Statutes,  ch.  21)  the  Greek  Lecture  was  to  be  given 
at  10,  '  or  a  little  before,'  which  last  words  were  probably  added  so  as  to  leave 
a  short  interval  between  the  end  of  the  lecture  and  the  beginning  of  dinner. 


MEALS  IN  HALL.  51 

Theology,  together  with  the  Doctors  and  Bachelors  in  that 
faculty;  but  even  amongst  them  there  was  a  distinction,  as 
there  was  an  extra  allowance  for  the  dish  of  which  the  three 
persons  highest  in  dignity  partook,  providing  one  of  the  above 
three  officers  were  present.  The  Vice-President  and  Reader 
in  Theology,  one  or  both  of  them,  might  be  displaced,  at  the 
President's  discretion,  by  distinguished  strangers.  At  the 
upper  side-table,  on  the  right,  were  to  sit  the  Masters  of  Arts 
and  Readers  in  Greek  and  Latin,  in  no  prescribed  order;  at 
that  on  the  left,  the  remaining  Fellows,  the  Probationers,  and 
the  Chaplains.  The  Scholars  and  the  two  Clerks  were  to 
occupy  the  remaining  tables,  except  the  table  nearest  the 
buttery,  which  was  to  be  occupied  by  the  two  Bursars,  the 
Steward  of  the  Hall,  and  the  Clerk  of  Accompts,  for  the 
purpose,  probably,  of  superintending  the  service.  The  Steward 
of  the  Hall  was  one  of  the  graduate-Fellows  appointed,  from 
week  to  week,  to  assist  the  Bursars  in  the  commissariat  and 
internal  expenditure  of  the  College.  It  was  also  his  duty  to 
superintend  the  waiting  at  the  upper  tables,  and,  indeed,  it 
would  seem  as  if  he  himself  took  part  in  it.  The  ordinary 
waiters  at  these  tables  were  the  President's  and  other  College 
servants,  the  choristers,  and,  if  necessary,  the  clerks  ;  but  the 
Steward  had  also  the  power  of  supplementing  their  service 
from  amongst  the  Scholars.  At  the  Scholars'  tables  the 
waiters  were  to  be  taken  from  amongst  the  Scholars  and 
Clerks  themselves,  two  a  week  in  turn.  What  has  been  said 
above  with  regard  to  the  absence,  at  that  time,  of  any  idea  of 
degradation  in  rendering  services  in  the  chambers  would 
equally  apply  here.  Such  services  would  then  be  no  more 
regarded  as  degrading  than  is  fagging  in  a  public  school  now1. 
During  dinner,  a  portion  of  the  Bible  was  to  be  read  by  one 
of  the  Fellows  or  Scholars  under  the  degree  of  Master  of  Arts; 
and,  when  dinner  was  finished,  it  was  to  be  expounded  by  the 
President  or  by  one  of  the  Fellows  (being  a  theologian)  who 
was  to  be  selected  for  the  purpose  by  the  President  or  Vice- 

1  In  the  years  1649-52,  there  are  several  entries  in  the  Register  of  Punish- 
ments to  the  effect  that  Scholars  or  Clerks  are  '  put  out  of  commons '  for  refusing 
to  wait  in  hall.  At  that  time,  therefore,  there  must  have  been  a  feeling  that  the 
practice  was  irksome  or  degrading. 

E  3 


52  CHAPEL  SERVICES. 

President,  under  pain  of  a  month's  deprivation  of  commons,  if 
he  refused.  While  the  Bible  was  not  being  read,  the  students 
were  to  be  allowed  to  converse  at  dinner,  but  only  in  Creek 
or  Latin,  which  languages  were  also  to  be  employed  exclusively, 
except  to  those  ignorant  of  them  or  for  the  purposes  'of  the 
College  accounts,  not  only  in  the  Chapel  and  hall  but  in  the 
chambers  and  all  other  places  of  the  College.  As  soon  as 
dinner  or  supper  was  over,  at  least  after  grace  and  the  loving- 
cup,  all  the  students,  senior  and  junior,  were  to  leave  the  hall. 
The  same  rule  was  to  apply  to  the  bibesia,  or  biberia,  then 
customary  in  the  University ;  which  were  slight  refections  of 
bread  and  beer1,  in  addition  to  the  two  regular  meals.  Ex- 
ception, however,  was  made  in  favour  of  those  festivals  of  Our 
Lord,  the  Blessed  Virgin,  and  the  Saints,  on  which  it  was 
customary  to  keep  up  the  hall  fire.  For,  on  the  latter 
occasions,  after  refection  and  potation,  the  Fellows  and  Proba- 
tioners might  remain  in  the  hall  to  sing  or  employ  themselves 
in  any  other  innocent  recreations  such  as  became  clerics,  or  to 
recite  and  discuss  poems,  histories,  the  marvels  of  the  world, 
and  like  subjects. 

The  services  in  the  Chapel,  especially  on  Sundays  and 
festivals,  it  need  hardly  be  said,  were  numerous,  and  the 
penalties  for  absence  severe.  On  non-festival  days  the  first 
mass  was  at  five  in  the  morning,  and  all  Scholars  of  the 
College  and  bachelor  Fellows  were  bound  to  be  present  from 
the  beginning  to  the  end,  under  pain  of  heavy  punishments 
for  absence,  lateness,  or  inattention.  There  were  other  masses 
which  were  not1  equally  obligatory,  but  the  inmates  of  the 
College  were,  of  course,  obliged  to  keep  the  canonical  hours. 
They  were  also  charged,  in  conscience,  to  say  certain  prayers 
on  getting  up  in  the  morning  and  going  to  bed  at  night ;  as 
well  as,  once  during  the  day,  to  pray  for  the  Founder  and 
other  his  or  their  benefactors. 

I  have  already  spoken  of  the  lectures,  disputations,  exami- 
nations, and  private  instruction,  as  well  as  of  the  scanty 

1  See  the  Statutes  of  Jesus  College,  Cambridge,  chap,  xx,  where  they  are 
limited  to  two  in  a  day,  and,  on  each  occasion,  to  a  pint  of  beer  and  a  piece 
of  bread. 


STRINGENT  DISCIPLINE.  53 

amusements,  as  compared  with  those  of  our  own  day,  which 
were  then  permitted.  Something,  however,  still  remains  to 
be  said  of  the  mode  of  life  prescribed  by  the  Founder,  and  of 
the  punishments  inflicted  for  breach  of  rules.  We  have  seen 
that,  when  the  Bachelors  of  Arts  attended  the  lectures  at 
Magdalen,  they  were  obliged  to  go  and  return  in  a  body. 
Even  on  ordinary  occasions,  the  Fellows,  Scholars,  Chaplains 
and  Clerks  were  forbidden  to  go  outside  the  College,  unless 
it  were  to  the  Schools,  the  library,  or  some  other  College  or 
Hall,  unaccompanied  by  some  other  member  of  the  College  as 
a  '  witness  of  their  honest  conversation.'  Those  of  them  who 
were  undergraduates  required,  moreover,  special  leave  from 
the  Dean  or  Reader  of  Logic,  the  only  exemption  in  their 
case  being  the  Schools.  If  they  went  into  the  country,  for 
a  walk  or  other  relaxation,  they  must  go  in  a  company  of  not 
less  than  three,  keep  together  all  the  time,  and  return  together. 
The  only  weapons  they  were  allowed  to  carry,  except  when 
away  for  their  short  vacations,  were  the  bow  and  arrow. 
Whether  within  the  University  or  away  from  it,  they  were 
strictly  prohibited  from  wearing  any  but  the  clerical  dress. 
Once  a  year,  they  were  all  to  be  provided,  at  the  expense 
of  the  College,  with  gowns  (to  be  worn  outside  their  other 
habits)  of  the  same  colour,  though  of  different  sizes  and 
prices  according  to  their  position  in  College.  It  may  be 
noticed  that  these  gowns  were  to  be  provided  for  the  famuli 
or  servants  no  less  than  for  the  other  members  of  the  founda- 
tion ;  and  that,  for  this  purpose,  the  servants  are  divided 
into  two  classes,  one  corresponding  with  the  Chaplains  and 
probationary  Fellows,  the  other  with  the  Scholars,  Clerks,  and 
choristers. 

Besides  being  subjected  to  the  supervision  of  the  various 
officers  of  the  College,  each  Scholar  was  to  be  assigned  by  the 
President  to  a  tutor,  namely,  the  same  Fellow  whose  chamber 
he  shared.  The  tutor  was  to  have  the  general  charge  of  him  ; 
expend,  on  his  behalf,  the  pension  which  he  received  from  the 
College,  or  any  sums  which  came  to  him  from  other  sources  ; 
watch  his  progress,  and  correct  his  defects.  If  he  were  neither 
a  graduate  nor  above  twenty  years  of  age,  he  was  to  be 


54  PUNISHMENTS. 

punished  with  stripes ;  otherwise,  in  some  other  manner. 
Corporal  punishment  might  also  be  inflicted,  in  the  case  of 
the  juniors,  for  various  other  offences,  such  as  absence  from 
Chapel,  inattention  at  lectures,  speaking  English  instead  of 
Latin  or  Greek ;  and  it  was  probably,  for  the  ordinary  faults 
of  undergraduates,  the  most  common  form  of  punishment. 
The  very  absence  of  any  mention  of  it  from  the  Register  of 
Punishments  seems  to  shew  that  it  was  too  common  to  be 
specially  recorded ;  and  a  preponderating  number  of  the 
entries  in  the  Register  seems  to  refer  to  Bachelors,  who  were 
exempt  from  this  punishment.  Other  punishments — short  of 
expulsion,  which  was  the  last  resort — were  confinement  to  the 
library  with  the  task  of  writing  out  or  composing  something 
in  the  way  of  an  imposition,  to  be  shewn  up  whenever  called 
for  ;  sitting  alone  in  the  middle  of  the  hall,  while  the  rest  were 
dining,  at  a  meal  of  dry  bread  and  beer,  or  even  bread  and 
water;  and  lastly,  the  punishment,  so  frequently  mentioned 
in  the  Statutes,  deprivation  of  commons.  This  punishment 
operated  practically  as  a  pecuniary  fine,  the  offender  having 
to  pay  for  his  own  commons  instead  of  receiving  them  free 
from  the  College.  The  payment  had  to  be  made  to  the 
Bursars  immediately,  or,  at  latest,  at  the  end  of  term.  All 
members  of  the  College,  except  the  President  and  probably 
the  Vice-President,  were  subject  to  this  penalty,  though,  in 
case  of  the  seniors,  it  was  simply  a  fine,  whereas  undergraduates 
and  Bachelors  of  Arts  were  obliged  to  take  their  commons 
either  alone  or  with  others  similarly  punished.  The  offenders, 
moreover,  were  compelled  to  write  their  names  in  a  register, 
partly  as  an  additional  punishment,  partly  for  information  to 
the  Bursars,  stating  their  offence  and  the  number  of  days  for 
which  they  were  '  put  out  of  commons.'  Such  registers  still 
exist ;  but,  as  the  names  are  almost  exclusively  those  of 
Bachelors  and  undergraduates,  it  is  probable  that  the  seniors, 
by  immediate  payment  or  otherwise,  escaped  this  more  igno- 
minious part  of  the  punishment.  It  will  be  noticed  that 
rustication  and  gating,  words  so  familiar  to  the  undergraduates 
of  the  present  generation,  do  not  occur  in  this  enumeration. 
Rustication,  in  those  days  when  many  of  the  students  came 


RESULTS  OF  THE  SYSTEM.  55 

from  such  distant  homes,  and  the  exercises  in  College  were 
so  severe,  would  generally  have  been  either  too  heavy  or  too 
light  a  penalty.  Gating,  in  our  sense,  could  hardly  exist,  as 
the  undergraduates,  at  least,  were  not  free  to  go  outside  the 
walls,  except  for  scholastic  purposes,  without  special  leave, 
and  that  would,  doubtless,  have  been  refused  in  case  of  any 
recent  misconduct.  Here  it  may  be  noticed  that  the  College 
gates  were  closed  in  the  winter  months  at  eight,  and  in  the 
summer  months  at  nine,  the  keys  being  taken  to  the  President 
to  prevent  further  ingress  or  egress. 

Such  were  the  studies,  and  such  was  the  discipline,  of  an 
Oxford  College  at  the  beginning  of  the  sixteenth  century;  nor 
is  there  any  reason  to  suppose  that,  till  the  troubled  times  of 
the  Reformation,  these  stringent  rules  were  not  rigorously 
enforced.  They  admirably  served  the  purpose  to  which  they 
were  adapted,  the  education  of  a  learned  clergy,  trained  to 
habits  of  study,  regularity,  and  piety,  apt  at  dialectical  fence, 
and  competent  to  press  all  the  secular  learning  of  the  time  into 
the  service  of  the  Church.  Never  since  that  time  probably 
have  the  Universities  or  the  Colleges  so  completely  secured 
the  objects  at  which  they  aimed.  But  first,  the  Reformation ; 
then,  the  Civil  Wars;  then,  the  Restoration  of  Charles  II; 
then,  the  Revolution  of  1688 ;  and  lastly,  the  silent  changes 
gradually  brought  about  by  the  increasing  age  of  the  students, 
the  increasing  proportion  of  those  destined  for  secular  pursuits, 
and  the  growth  of  luxurious  habits  in  the  country  at  large, 
have  left  little  surviving  of  this  cunningly  devised  system. 
The  aims  of  modern  times,  and  the  materials  with  which  we 
have  to  deal,  have  necessarily  become  different ;  but  we  may 
well  envy  the  zeal  for  religion  and  learning  which  animated 
the  ancient  founders,  the  skill  with  which  they  adapted  their 
means  to  their  end,  and  the  system  of  instruction  and  dis- 
cipline which  converted  a  body  of  raw  youths,  gathered 
probably,  to  a  large  extent,  from  the  College  estates,  into 
studious  and  accomplished  ecclesiastics,  combining  the  new 
learning  with  the  ancient  traditions  of  the  ecclesiastical  life. 

Hitherto,  I  have  spoken  only  of  the  internal  organization 
of  the  College,  and  the  relations  of  its  various  members  to 


56  FUNCTIONS  OF  THE   VISITOR. 

one  another.  But,  like  other  founders,  Bishop  Foxe  recognised 
the  desirability  of  providing  some  means,  without  involving 
the  members  of  his  foundation  in  the  expense,  trouble,  and 
delay  of  appealing  to  the  ordinary  law-courts,  of  settling 
dissensions  which  could  not  be  composed  within  the  College 
itself  as  well  as  of  securing  the  continued  observation  of  his 
Statutes.  For  the  purpose  of  composing  any  implacable 
strife  between  the  President  and  one  or  more  of  the  Fellows, 
after  all  arbitration  within  the  College  had  proved  in  vain, 
a  curious  provision  exists 1,  which  furnished  a  ready  and 
probably  effective  remedy.  The  contending  parties  were 
each  to  nominate  one  Fellow,  and  these  two  Fellows  were  to 
approach,  with  a  statement  of  the  case  in  writing,  the  Chan- 
cellor of  the  University,  if  resident  in  the  University,  the 
Warden  of  New  College  and  the  President  of  Magdalen,  the 
place  of  any  one  of  these  officers  who  was  absent  to  be  supplied 
by  his  deputy  ;  and  whatever  decision  might  be  given  by  any 
two  out  of  the  three  was  to  be  implicitly  accepted.  But  for 
decisions  affecting  the  more  material  interests  of  members  of 
the  College  and  for  ensuring  the  observation  of  the  Statutes, 
the  Founder  adopted  the  usual  course  of  nominating  a  Visitor. 
This  was  to  be  his  successor,  from  time  to  time,  in  the  see  of 
Winchester, — '  nostri  Collegii  Patronus  et  Visitator.'  He  was 
to  be  the  sole  interpreter  of  the  Statutes,  and  his  decisions 
were  to  be  final.  Moreover,  every  five  years  2,  either  person- 
ally or  by  his  Commissary  specially  appointed  for  the  purpose, 
he  might,  of  his  own  mere  motion,  or  at  the  request  of  certain 
officers  of  the  College,  or  of  a  certain  majority  (two-thirds)  of 
the  Fellows  hold  a  special  visitation  within  the  Chapel  of  the 
College,  which  all  members  of  it  were  bound  to  attend.  The 
Visitor  had  full  power  himself  to  enquire,  reform,  and  punish, 
but  the  Commissary  (from  executing  which  office  a  long 
string  of  persons,  amongst  them  '  religiosi  qualescunque,'  is 
excluded)  could  not  proceed  to  the  amotion  of  the  President, 
a  Fellow,  or  Probationer,  without  the  consent  of  three  out  of 
the  seven  most  senior  Fellows  then  in  the  University,  nor  to 
the  amotion  of  the  President,  even  with  this  consent,  if  he 

1  Statutes,  ch.  26.  2  Statutes,  ch.  53. 


SETTLEMENT  OF  THE  SOCIETY.  57 

chose  to  appeal  to  the  Visitor  himself.  These  quinquennial 
Visitations  do  not  appear  to  have  been  very  frequent,  nor  do  we 
hear  of  any  subsequently  to  Bishop  Morley's  second  visitation 
in  1674.  Neither  the  College,  the  Visitor,  nor  any  other 
person  or  persons,  'cujuscunque  dignitatis,  auctoritatis,  status, 
gradus  aut  conditionis  existant,'  were  allowed  to  make  new 
Statutes,  nor  any  member  of  the  College,  under  pain  of  per- 
jury, to  obey  them.  But,  if  any  question  arose  with  regard 
to  the  meaning  of  a  statute,  which  could  not  be  settled  by 
the  society  itself  within  eight  days,  it  was  to  be  referred  to 
the  Visitor,  by  whose  interpretation  every  one  was  to  be 
bound,  without  further  questioning.  Nor  was  the  prohibition 
of  new  Statutes  to  prevent  the  President  and  Fellows,  or 
President,  Seniors,  and  Officers,  from  issuing  ordinances,  from 
time  to  time,  provided  they  were  not  contrary  to  the  Statutes, 
and  these  ordinances  were  to  be  in  full  vigour  till  repealed 
by  themselves  or  their  successors  *. 


The  letters  patent  of  Henry  VIII2  having  been  issued  on 
Nov.  2,6,  1516,  and  the  Charta  Fundationis  having  been 
signed  by  the  Founder  on  March  i,  the  first  President  and 
Fellows  were  settled  in  their  buildings,  and  put  in  possession 
of  the  College  and  its  appurtenances,  by  the  Warden  of  New 
College  and  the  President  of  Magdalen,  acting  on  behalf  of 

1  These  provisions  are  contained  in  ch.  54  of  the  Statutes,  headed  '  Conclusio 
omnium   statutorum,'    which,  as  the   Founder  himself  says,  contains   his   after- 
thoughts.    But  this  chapter  must  be  distinguished  from  the  Post-Statuta,  begin- 
ning at  p.  112  of  the  printed  copy  issued  by  the  Royal  Commissioners  in  1853, 
which  were  not  enacted  by  the  Founder  till  within  eight  months  of  his  death 
(see  above,  p.  37). 

2  By  these  letters  patent  the  College  was  constituted  a  Corporation  under  the 
style  and  title  of  the  President  and  Scholars  of  Corpus  Christi  College  in  the 
University  of  Oxford,  and  allowed  to  hold  in  mortmain  lands  to  the  clear  value  of 
^35°  a  year.     From  the  Valor  Ecclesiasticus  of  27  H.  VIII.  <i535>>  it:  appears 
that  the  net  annual  revenue  of  the  College  at  that  time  was  £382  8s.  §\d.     Ten 
years  later  it  was  four  pounds  less. 


58  EARLY  MEMBERS  OF  THE  COLLEGE. 

the  Founder,  on  the  5th  of  March,  1516-1 7 J.  There  were  as 
many  witnesses  as  filled  two  tables  in  the  hall2;  among  them 
being  Reginald  Pole  (afterwards  Cardinal  and  Archbishop  of 
Canterbury),  then  a  B.  A.  of  Magdalen,  and  subsequently 
(February  I4th,  1523-4)  admitted,  by  special  appointment 
of  the  Founder,  Fellow  of  Corpus.  The  first  President,  John 
Claymond,  an  old  friend  of  the  Founder,  and,  like  himself, 
a  Lincolnshire  man,  the  first  Vice-President,  Robert  Morwent, 
and  several  of  the  early  Fellows  and  Scholars  were  also  origi- 
nally members  of  Magdalen,  so  that  Corpus  was,  in  a  certain 
sense,  a  colony  from  what  has  usually  been  supposed,  and  on 
strong  grounds  of  probability,  to  have  been  Foxe's  own 
College.  The  first  Professor  of  Humanity  was  Ludovicus 
Vives,  the  celebrated  Spanish  humanist,  who  had  previously 
been  lecturing  in  the  South  of  Italy ;  the  first  Professor  of 
Greek,  expressly  mentioned  in  the  Register  (not  definitely 
appointed,  however,  till  Jan.  2nd,  1520-21),  was  Edward 
Wotton,  then  a  young  Magdalen  man,  subsequently  Physician 
to  Henry  VIII,  and  author  of  a  once  well-known  book,  De 
Differentiis  Animalium 3.  The  Professorship  of  Theology 
does  not  seem  to  have  been  filled  up  either  on  the  original 
constitution  of  the  College  or  at  any  subsequent  time.  It  is 
possible  that  the  functions  of  the  Professor  may  have  been 
performed  by  the  Vice-President,  who  was  ex  officio  Dean  of 
Theology.  In  the  very  first  list  of  admissions,  however, 
to  the  new  society,  we  find  the  name  of  Nicholas  Crutcher 
(/.  e.  Kratzer)  a  Bavarian,  a  native  of  Munich,  who  was  prob- 

1  The  Founder's  care  for  his  infant  foundation  is  strikingly  exemplified  in  a 
letter  written   to  Claymond  a  few  days  previously,  Feb.   25.     Amongst   many 
minute  directions  to  the  President,  he  says :   '  The  Barge  departed  from  Westmin- 
ster upon  Fryday  last  with  the  Kechyn  stuffe  and  other  things,  and  with  it  com- 
meth  to  you  Robert  Bayliff  of  Savoy,  which  shall  deliver  you  one  part  of  the 
Indenture  conteyninge  the  particulars  of  the  said  stuffe ;  and  at  my  commyng  to 
Winchester,  which  shall  be  about  the  later  end  of  the  next  weke,  I  shall  send  you 
more  stuffe.'     Fulman  MSS.,  vol.  X,  fol.  130. 

2  These  particulars  are  given  in  a  contemporary  Memorandum  at  the  end  of 
the  '  Charta  Fundationis.' 

3  In  a  list  of  Greek  Readers  given  by  Fulman  (Fulman  MSS.,  vol.  X),  David 
Edwards  is  mentioned  as  preceding  WTotton,  but,  probably,  he  held  the  appoint- 
ment only  as  locum  tenens,  while  Wotton  was  availing  himself  of  the  Founder's 
license  to  travel  abroad.    See  more  on  this  matter  under  the  list  of  Greek  Readers. 


FELICITATIONS  OF  ERASMUS.  59 

ably  introduced  into  the  College  for  the  purpose  of  teaching 
Mathematics1.  The  sagacity  of  Foxe  is  singularly  exemplified 
by  his  free  admission  of  foreigners  to  his  Readerships.  While 
the  Fellowships  and  Scholarships  were  confined  to  certain 
dioceses  and  counties,  and,  with  almost  insignificant  excep- 
tions, the  only  regular  access  to  a  Fellowship  was  through  a 
Scholarship,  the  Readers  might  be  natives  of  any  part  of 
England,  or  of  Greece  or  Italy  beyond  the  Po.  It  would 
seem,  however,  as  if  even  this  specification  of  countries  was 
rather  by  way  of  exemplification  than  restriction,  as  the  two 
first  appointments,  made  by  the  Founder  himself,  were  of  a 
Spaniard  and  a  Bavarian. 

Erasmus,  writing,  shortly  after  the  settlement  of  the  society, 
to  John  Claymond,  the  first  President,  in  1519,  speaks  (Epist. 
lib.  4)  2  of  the  great  interest  which  had  been  taken  in  Foxe's 
foundation  by  Wolsey,  Campeggio,  and  Henry  VIII  himself, 
and  predicts  that  the  College  will  be  ranked  '  inter  praecipua 
decora  Britanniae,'  and  that  its  'trilinguis  bibliotheca'3  will 
attract  more  scholars  to  Oxford  than  were  formerly  attracted 
to  Rome.  This  language,  though  doubtless  exaggerated, 
shows  the  great  expectations  formed  by  the  promoters  of  the 
new  learning  of  this  new  departure  in  academical  institutions. 

1  On  Kratzer,  see  further  under  the  list  of  eminent  men  during  Claymond's 
Presidency. 

*  No.  438  in  Le  Clerc's  edition. 

3  The  three  tongues  were  Latin,  Greek  and  Hebrew. 


CHAPTER  III. 

SITE  AND  BUILDINGS  OF  THE  COLLEGE 

(INCLUDING  SOME  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  FOUNDER'S  EARLIER  DESIGN 
FOR  A  MONASTIC  COLLEGE). 

BISHOP  FOXE'S  original  design,  as  we  have  already  seen,  was 
to  found  a  College,  after  the  pattern  of  Durham,  Gloucester, 
St.  Mary's,  and  Canterbury  Colleges,  for  the  reception  of 
young  monks  from  St.  Swythun's  Priory  at  Winchester,  while 
pursuing  their  studies  in  Oxford.  A  long  indenture  (dated 
June  30,  5  Hen.  VIII,  i.e.  1513)  still  exists  in  the  archives  of 
the  College,  made  between  Bishop  Foxe,  on  the  one  part,  and 
the  Prior  (Thomas  Silkstede)  and  Convent  of  St.  Swythun's, 
on  the  other  part,  covenanting  that,  in  consideration  of  many 
costly  articles  of  plate  and  jewellery,  besides  vestments,  books, 
&c.,  granted  to  them  by  the  Bishop,  as  well  as  of  divers  other 
great  benefits  conferred  on  them,  the  Prior  and  Convent  will 
purchase  '  to  them  and  their  successors  for  ever  of  the  Master 
and  Fellowes  of  Merton  College  in  Oxon  certaine  places  and 
parcells  of  grounde  lying  in  Oxford  aforesayd  and  of  the 
Abbas  and  Convent  of  Godstow  certaine  places  and  parcells 
of  ground  lyinge  in  Oxford  aforesayd  and  of  the  Prior  and 
Convent  of  St.  Fridswith  in  Oxford  aforesayd  another  parcell 
of  ground  in  Oxford  aforesayd,  upon  which  parcells  of  ground 
the  sayd  Bishop  by  the  assent  of  the  sayd  Master  and  Prior 
of  St.  Frideswith  hath  begunne  to  build  and  levie  one  house 
for  a  College.'  From  the  remainder  of  this  lengthy  document1, 
it  appears:  (i)  that  the  College  was  to  be  established  for 

1  It  is  copied  in  full  in  the  Evidences,  vol.  I,  p.  7,  &c.,  and  partially  in  Fulman, 
vol.  X,  fol.  1 1 8,  &c. 


DESIGN  FOR  A  MONASTIC  COLLEGE.  6 1 

a  Warden  and  a  'certaine  number  of  Monks  and  secular 
Schollers '  (the  combination  should  be  noted) ;  (2)  that  it  was 
to  be  erected  '  after  the  manner  of  a  double  platt  made  for 
the  over  and  the  nether  lodginge  of  the  same  buildings  and 
houses ' ;  (3)  that  '  William  Vertue  free  Mason  and  Humfry 
Cooke  Carpenter '  were  '  Masters  of  the  workes ' ;  (4)  that  the 
Bishop  was  'in  full  purpose  and  minde'  to  purchase  lands, 
tenements,  &c.,  to  the  yearly  value  of  £160,  to  be  appro- 
priated to  the  Prior  and  Convent  for  the  use  of  the  College ; 
(5)  that  he  had  already  bought  and  given  to  the  Convent 
lands  of  the  yearly  value  of  £2,8,  in  virtue  of  a  licence  of 
mortmain  obtained  from  the  King,  to  the  amount  of  .£100 
yearly  in  temporal  and  £ico  yearly  in  spiritual  possessions 
above  all  charges  and  reprises ;  (6)  that,  in  case  the  Bishop's 
intentions  were  not  wholly  carried  out  at  the  time  of  his  death, 
the  plate,  jewellery,  and  other  costly  articles  enumerated  at 
the  beginning  of  the  document,  or  so  much  of  them  as  was 
necessary,  were  to  be  sold,  within  twelve  months  after  that 
event,  and  the  proceeds  forthwith  devoted  to  the  accom- 
plishment of  his  objects ;  (7 )  that  the  foundation  was  to 
consist  of: 

(a)  four  monks,  to  be  called  the  Bishop's  Scholars,  all  of 
them  '  professed  within  the  monastery  of  St.  Swithun's,'  and  all 
of  them  '  being  of  convenient  age  to  learae  and  study  in  the 
sciences  and  faculties  ensuinge l,  that  is  to  say  of  the  age  of 
eighteene  years  at  the  least.'    Of  these  one  was  to  be  Warden, 
and  was  to  receive  £10  yearly,  the  other  three  10  marks  each, 
the  payment,  in  either  case,  to  be  in  lieu  of  all  other  allow- 
ances, excepting  those  of  the  barber,  lavender  (laundress), 
lecturers  in  Sophistry,  Logic,  and  Philosophy,  and  (of  course) 
their  rooms.     [Here  follow  certain  provisions  with  regard  to 
two  Chantry  Monks,  who  were  to  be  paid  ^d.  a  day  each  for 
saying  two  masses  (of  course,  one  each)  '  in  the  Chappell 
where  the  sayd  Bysshop  hath  ordained  his  sepulture  to  be 
made  within  the  Cathedrall  Church  of  St.  Swithin.'] 

(b)  four  other  monks,  brothers  of  the  same  monastery,  one  to 
be  called  the  Prior's  Scholar,  and  the  other  three  the  Convent's 

1  These  are  Sophistry,  Logicke,  Philosophy,  and  Divinity. 


62  DESIGN  FOR  A  MONASTIC  COLLEGE. 

Scholars,  to  be  paid  respectively,  out  of  the  revenues  of  the 
Priory  and  the  Convent,  10  marks  each ;  the  other  allowances 
to  be  the  same  as  in  the  case  of  the  Bishop's  Scholars. 

(c)  The  following  officers  and  servants,  with  the  annexed 
payments : 

The  reader  of  Sophistry  and  Logic,  40^. 

The  reader  of  Philosophy,  5  marks  (£3  6s.  &/.). 

The  Bible  Clarke,  which,  after  his  lecture  (reading)  be 
finished,  shall  serve  at  the  table,  26s.  $>d. 

The  Clarke  of  the  Chappell,  which  shall  be  allso  sacristine 
and  likewise  serve  at  the  table,  26s.  8d. 

The  Manciple  of  the  College,  40^. 

The  cheife  Cooke,  26s.  %d. 

The  under  Cook,  2os. 

The  Buttler,  2os. 

The  Panter  (Panterer,  the  person,  probably,  who  both 
baked  and  dispensed  the  bread),  zos. 

The  Lavender  (laundress),  26s.  8d. 

The  Barber,  26s.  %d. 

A  servant  to  serve  them  at  the  table,  13^.  ^d. 

The  Warden's  servant  of  the  College,  which  shall  allso 

serve  at  the  table,  13^.  4d. 

There  was  also  to  be  a  Steward  of  the  College  (but  whether 
one  of  the  young  monks  or  not  we  are  not  told 1),  to  whom  was 
to  be  paid  weekly  8d.  for  the  commons  of  each  of  the  fol- 
lowing officers  or  servants  :  the  Manciple,  Chief  Cook,  Butler, 
Panter,  servant  at  the  table,  Warden's  servant,  Bible  Clerk 
and  Sacristan.  Each  of  the  above-named  was  also  to  receive, 
at  the  feast  of  Easter,  '  one  gowne  cloth,  all  of  one  coulour, 
for  every  gowne  4  broade  yards,  price  every  yard  $s.  4^.' 
1  Provided  allways  that  the  sayd  buttler,  panter,  servant  at 
the  table,  Warden's  servant,  Bible  Clarke  and  Sacristine  (the 
Manciple  and  chief  cook,  it  will  be  noticed,  are  omitted)  and 
every  of  them  be,'  before  their  admission,  'substantially  learned 
in  Grammar,  and,  after  their  admission,  keepe  thear  study  and 

1  The  expression  'the  steward  for  the  time  being'  seems  to  imply  that  it  was 
an  office  taken  in  turn,  just  as  subsequently  one  of  the  Junior  Fellows  took  in 
turn  the  office  of  Senescallus  aulse.  See  C.  C.  C.  Statutes,  ch.  32. 


COMMENCEMENT  OF  BUILDING.  63 

learnings  in  Sophistry  and  Logick  and  Philosophy,  and  be  at 
the  Lectures,  rehersals,  and  disputations  in  the  same,  after  the 
manner,  and  in  the  same  wise,  as  any  of  the  said  monks  shall 
doe.'  This  provision  is  most  interesting  as  showing  not  only 
that  servants,  but  also  what  servants,  at  this  time  were  not 
uncommonly  students,  and  that  they  attended  lectures,  and, 
generally,  were  on  much  the  same  footing  as  the  other  students1. 
These  servants  and  officers  are  possibly  the  '  secular  scholars ' 
spoken  of  above,  though  the  Founder  may  have  intended  to 
found  places  for  certain  secular  'scholars,'  in  the  stricter  sense  of 
the  term  '  scholars,'  to  live  side  by  side  with  his  young  monks2. 
And  this  design  seems  not  improbable,  on  account  of  the  very 
much  larger  proportion  of  servants  to  scholars  than  that  which 
obtained  in  the  College,  as  subsequently  founded. 

The  remainder  of  the  document  is  not  specially  interesting 
to  the  student  of  academical  history,  as  it  is  mainly  occupied 
with  provisions  regarding  the  plate,  vestments,  &c.,  which 
seem  to  have  been  a  sort  of  bond  or  pledge  for  the  per- 
formance of  the  Bishop's  intentions,  and  recoverable  when 
the  intentions  were  fulfilled. 

It  may  be  remarked  that  this  College,  if  the  foundation  had 
actually  taken  place,  would  have  been  simply  the  property  of 
St.  Swithin's,  in  fact  a  cell  of  that  monastery,  and  not  an 
independent  corporation.  And  this  was,  doubtless,  the  case 
with  the  other  monastic  offshoots  in  Oxford. 

It  is  notable  that,  in  this  Indenture,  it  is  stated  that  the 
Founder  had  already  (i.e.  June  30,  1513)  begun  to  'build  and 
levie  one  house  for  a  College.'  This  statement  is  confirmed 
by  a  curious  circumstance,  recorded  in  the  University  Archives, 

1  Cp.  chs.  17,  37  of  the  College  Statutes. 

2  The  account  of  the  '  secular '  students  at  Durham  College,  given  by   Mr. 
Blakiston  (Colleges  of  Oxford,  pp.  325,  326)  would  seem  to  favour  the  former 
alternative.    Bishop  Hatfield,  on  re-endowing  the  Durham  Hall,  established  therein 
a  warden  and  seven  other  student  monks,  '  and  also  (which  is  a  new  departure) 
eight  secular  students  in  Grammar  and  Philosophy  at  five  marks  each,  from 
Durham  and  North  Yorkshire,  on  the  nomination  of  the  prior,  who  are  to  dine 
and  sleep  apart  from  the  monks,  and  perform  any  honesta  ministeria  that  do  not 
interfere  with  their  studies.     These  students  are  under  no  obligation  to  take  orders 
or  vows ;  but  must  take  an  oath  to  further  the  interests  of  the  Church  of  Durham.' 


64  HOSTILITY  OF  BRASENOSE  MEN. 

which  I  will  give  in  the  words1  of  Mr.  Ralph  Churton,  the 
biographer  of  the  Founders  of  Brasenose :  'And  it  is  certain 
that  there  were  students  at  this  time  (i5J2)  belonging  to 
Brasen  Nose  Hall  ;  though  the  evidence  of  the  fact  happens 
to  be  no  proof  of  their  good  behaviour.  Fox,  Bishop  of 
Winchester,  had  begun  to  build  Corpus  Christi  College ;  and, 
whether  it  were  owing  to  any  invidious  comparison  between 
the  two  rising  fabrics2,  or  to  what  has  already  been  noted, 
the  ferocious  manners  of  the  times  ;  so  it  was  that  there  was 
more  than  one  affray  between  certain  members  of  Brasen- 
Nose  Hall  and  the  workmen  employed  about  the  other 
College.  An  undergraduate  of  the  Hall,  named  Hastings, 
was  committed  to  prison,  at  the  suit  of  a  servant  of  the 
Bishop  of  Winchester,  in  August,  1512  3;  and  Formby  him- 

1  Lives  of  William  Smyth,  Bishop  of  Lincoln,  and  Sir  Richard  Sutton,  Knight, 
Founders  of  B.  N.  C.,  by  Ralph  Churton,  1800. 

2  Though  the  foundation  stone  of  B.  N.  C.  was  laid  June  i,  1509,  the  progress 
of  the  building  had  been  delayed. 

3  University  Archives,  Register  of  the  Chancellor's  Court  from  1506  to  1514, 
'J  (reversed  F)  fol.  1 65  a.    Mr.  Churton  has  here  given  a  somewhat  false  impression 
of  the  facts.     It  is  literally  true  that  Hastings  was  committed  to  prison  in  the 
first  instance,  but  the  Principal  and  one  of  the  Fellows  of  his  Hall  intervened,  and 
gave  their  recognisances  that  he  should  come  up  for  judgment,  when  called  on. 
The  original  document  runs  as  follows  :  (i5i2)*23  die  augusti  comparuit  coram 
nobis  quid  am  scholaris   anise   aenese  nomine   Hastyngs  ad   instanciam   servientis 
domini  episcopi  Wynton,  quern  propter  sua  demerita  mandavimus  carceribus,  sed 
intercesserunt  pro  eo  principalis  aulse  suse  magister  matthseus  smyth  et  magister 
rowlandus  messenger  ejus  aulse  ac  fidejusserunt  nobis  pro  eo  in  XL  lib.  sterling, 
quod  inducent  prsedictum  Hastyngs  ad  mandatum  nostrum  et  hoc  quocunque  tern- 
pore  per  nos  limitando  ad  standum  judicio  nostro  et  ad  recipiendum  quicquid 
justicia  suadebit  in  hac  parte.' 

The  record  of  the  proceedings  against  Formby  goes  on  to  state  that  he  and  his 
friend  John  Legh,  also  a  Fellow  of  Brasenose,  bind  themselves,  each  in  ,£20,  that 
Formby  shall  pay  the  surgeon's  bill  for  Est's  wounds;  and,  furthermore,  that 
Formby  shall  abide  by  the  arbitration  of  the  Commissary  (Laurence  Stubbes)  and 
Mr.  Claymond,  President  of  Magdalen,  as  to  the  amount  of  damages  to  be  paid 
to  Est  in  consideration  of  his  wounds,  and  the  losses  thereby  occasioned  to  him. 
It  would  appear  from  a  subsequent  paragraph  that  the  wounds  were  not  inflicted 
by  Formby  himself,  but  by  two  men,  named  Henry  Wright  and  William  Barnes 
(for  whose  conduct  he  was,  doubtless,  to  some  extent  responsible).  They  had 
been  cast  into  Bokardo,  and  were  detained  there  some  time,  till,  Est's  wounds 
proving  not  to  be  mortal,  they  were,  with  his  consent,  released,  on  paying  a  fine 
to  the  University  and  entering  into  their  own  recognisances  to  keep  the  peace. 
Cooke  took  an  oath  not  to  prosecute  Formby,  outside  the  University,  for  his 
threatening  language  towards  himself  or  Vertue,  and  Est  similarly  engaged  not  to 


NEGOTIATIONS   WITH  MERTON.  65 

self,  the  late  Principal,  was  bound  in  a  recognisance,  some 
time  after  (Aug.  20,  1514),  to  keep  the  peace  towards 
William  Vertu  and  William  Est,  freemasons,  and  Humfry 
Coke,  carpenter,  masters  of  the  works  of  the  Bishop  of 
Winchester's  new  College  near  Merton  V 

Where  it  is  stated  in  the  Indenture  that  the  building  had 
been  already  begun,  it  is  added  that  this  was  done  with 
the  assent  of  the  Master  (of  Merton)  and  the  Prior  of 
St.  Frideswide,  thus  implying  that  Bishop  Foxe  had  not 
yet  legally  become  possessed  of  the  site.  Nor  was  this  the 
case  till  two  or  three  years  afterwards.  But  possibly,  before 
the  permission  was  granted,  some  money  had  already  been 
paid  in  advance.  Any  way,  about  six  months  before  the 
date  of  the  Indenture,  though  subsequently  to  the  affair  of 
Hastings  the  Brasenose  student,  we  have,  in  the  Corpus 
archives,  a  record  of  the  payment  of  the  first  instalment  of 
what  was  then  the  considerable  sum  of  £120  to  Walter 
Morwent,  a  Fellow  of  Merton.  Probably  this  payment  was 
made  to  him  on  behalf  of  his  College,  but,  as  he  was  or  had 
been  also  Principal  of  Corner  Hall  (see  Brodrick's  Memorials 
of  Merton,  p.  246),  it  is  just  possible  that  it  was  an  indemnifi- 
cation of  his  interests  in  that  capacity,  or  it  may  have  been 
paid  to  him  on  both  accounts.  The  document  runs  as  follows : 

'This  bill  indented  made  the  i6th  day  of  January,  the  4th 
year  of  the  raigne  of  kinge  Henry  the  VHIth  {i.e.  i5i|), 
berith  witnes  that  1  Mr.  Walter  Morwent  of  Marton  College 
have  received  the  daie  and  yere  above  said  of  Maister  John 
Claymond,  president  of  saincte  Mary  Magdalen  College  in  the 
universite  of  Oxford,  twentie  pound  of  parte  of  sixe  score 
pound  lefte  with  the  said  Maistre  John  Claimond  as  depositum 
for  the  performation  of  my  Lord  of  Winchester  his  worke. 

Item  vicesimo  die  Februarii  Recepi  de  eodem  per  manus 
Ricardi  Wynsmor  XX". 

Item  recepi  ab  eodem  22°  die  Martii  per  manus  Ricardi 
Wynsmor  XX11. 

take  any  external  action  in  the  matter  of  his  wounds,  provided  that  Stubbes  and 
Claymond  gave  their  award  by  All  Saints  Day.  So  the  affair  ended. 

1  Register  of  Chancellor's  Court,  fol.  232  (mistake  for  231),  Aug.  20,  1514. 

F 


66  NEGOTIATIONS   WITH  MERTON. 

Item  recepi  ab  eodem   13°  die  Aprilis  per  manus  Ricardi 
Wynsmor  XXXI" 

Item   recepi  ultimo  Aprilis   per  manus    Magistri    Ricardi 
Wynsmor  IX11. 

Item  recepi  ab  eodem  14°  die  Maii   per  manus  proprias 
XX11.' 

If  this  was  really  a  payment  to  Merton  College  (and  the 
largeness  of  the  sum  as  well  as  the  absence  of  any  mention 
of  Corner  Hall  in  Morwent's  designation  make  me  feel 
tolerably  certain  that  it  was),  it  may  be  taken  as  an  explana- 
tion of  the  apparently  small  annual  payment  (£4  6s.  8d.) 
accepted  by  Merton  for  the  considerable  plot  of  ground  ceded 
to  the  Founder  of  Corpus.  Supposing  the  above  payments, 
and  possibly  others,  to  have  been  made  to  the  Warden  and 
Fellows  of  Merton  in  advance  of  the  annuity  secured  by  the 
Indenture  of  Oct.  20,  1515,  the  transaction  would  \>& prima  facie 
analogous  to  the  practice  of  taking  fines  on  leases,  familiar  to 
all  Colleges  at  this  time,  and  hence  the  explanation  appears 
to  me  a  highly  probable  one.  But  it  differed  in  two  respects : 
(i)  that  the  land  was  alienated  for  ever;  (2)  that  it,  or  at 
least  a  portion  of  it,  the  Bachelors'  Garden,  was  part  of  the 
homestead  of  the  College.  And,  if  a  corporation  were  at 
liberty  to  sell  their  estates,  partly  for  a  lump  sum  to  be 
divided  .amongst  the  existing  corporators,  partly  for  a  per- 
petual rent  charge,  it  is  plain  that  there  would  be  a  growing 
tendency  to  increase  the  former  and  diminish  the  latter  por- 
tion of  the  price,  till  the  revenues  gradually  dwindled  away. 
Hence  it  is,  probably,  that  the  consent  of  Warden  Rawlyns 
to  this  alienation  was  subsequently  viewed  so  severely  by 
Archbishop  Warham,  who  is  said  to  have  regarded  it  as  one 
of  the  grounds  of  his  deposition l  from  the  Wardenship. 
Thus  my  supposition,  which  is  supported  by  the  important 
documentary  evidence  of  the  Indenture  of  151  §,  would,  if 
accepted,  help  to  explain  two  difficulties  connected  with  the 
transfer  of  this  site,  namely  (i)  the  smallness  of  the  annual 
payment,  and  (2)  the  severity  with  which  the  Warden's  share 
in  it  was  subsequently  viewed  by  the  Visitor. 

1  See  Brodrick's  Memorials  of  Merton,  p.  312. 


EXEMPTIONS  FROM  JURISDICTIONS.  67 

The  Indenture  of  Oct.  20,  1515,  already  referred  to,  be- 
tween Bishop  Foxe,  on  the  one  part,  and  the  Warden  and 
'  ffelyship '  of  Merton  College,  on  the  other  part,  covenants 
that  they  shall  grant  to  the  said  Bishop  '  a  tenement  nowe 
decayed  wyth  a  Garden  thereto  belongyng  called  Cornerhall 
and  another  tenement  now  decayed  wyth  a  Garden  thereto 
belongynge  called  Nevylls  Inne,  and  another  Garden  called 
Bachelers  Garden,'  while  the  Bishop,  on  his  part,  grants  to 
the  Warden  and  '  felyshlp '  an  annuity  of  £4  6s.  &/.,  secured 
for  ever  'out  of  the  Church  of  Witney,'  of  which  he  is  Patron. 

It  may  here  be  noticed  that  on  Sept.  23,  1517,  when  the 
Society  was  already  established,  a  Composition  was  made 
between  Merton  and  Corpus,  whereby,  on  an  undertaking  to 
pay  to  Merton  an  annual  sum  of  6s.  8d.,  the  President  and 
Fellows  of  Corpus  were  released  from  all  parochial  charges, 
in  respect  of  their  being  locally  situated  within  the  Merton 
parish  of  St.  John  the  Baptist. 

The  College  had  already  been  spiritually  dissevered  from 
the  parish  and  diocese  in  which  it  was  locally  situated.  In  a 
document  entitled  '  Resignatio  Jurisdictions,'  and  dated 
June  7,  1517,  the  Bishop  of  Lincoln  discharged  the  President, 
Fellows,  and  other  inhabitants  of  the  College  from  the  obliga- 
tion of  canonical  obedience  to  the  see  of  Lincoln,  and  trans- 
ferred his  jurisdiction  from  himself  and  his  successors  to  the 
Bishop  of  Winchester  and  his  successors.  The  Bishop's 
renunciation  and  translation  of  his  jurisdiction  was  confirmed 
by  the  Dean  and  Chapter  on  June  13,  and,  on  June  20, 
Bishop  Foxe  granted  a  licence  to  the  President  and  Scholars 
(the  legal  title  of  the  Foundation)  to  celebrate  Mass  and  other 
divine  offices,  or  cause  them  to  be  celebrated  by  their  Chap- 
lains, at  any  canonical  hour,  in  the  Chapel  or  oratories  of 
the  College1. 

A  concession  of  Nun  Hall  was  formally  made  to  the 
Founder  by  Isabella  Brainton,  the  Abbess,  and  the  convent  of 

1  These  documents  are  copied  at  length  in  the  first  volume  of  the  Evidences, 
pp.  287-93,  and  abridged  in  the  Fulman  MSS.,  vol.  x.  fol.  132,  133.  The  Chapel 
seems  to  have  been  dedicated  on  Oct.  19  following.  See  MS.  280  in  the  College 
Library,  fol.  216  a. 

F  2 


68  PURCHASES  FROM  GODSTOW AND  ST.  FRIDESWIDE. 

Godstow  on  January  15,  151".  The  deed  recites  that  the  con- 
cession is  made  'ob  singularem  ejus  benevolentiam  et  plurima 
in  hoc  nostrum  Monasterium  beneficia  collata/  and  no  other 
consideration  is  named  in  the  deed.  The  benefits  may  have 
been  of  long  standing,  or,  as  in  the  case  of  Merton,  if  my 
conjecture  be  right  in  that  instance,  there  may  have  been  a 
large  lump  sum  paid  down.  But  the  Abbey  of  Godstow 
appears  to  have  had  some  dispute  with  the  Priory  of 
St.  Frideswide  in  respect  of  a  quit-rent,  and,  in  an  acquittance 
given  by  the  Founder,  subsequently  to  the  concession,  he 
undertakes  that,  if  the  Prior  and  Convent  of  St.  Frideswide 
can  make  out  their  claim,  he  will  be  responsible  for  the 
payment,  amounting  to  four  shillings  a  year. 

Lastly,  two  other  old  halls,  Urban  Hall  and  Beke's  Inn, 
with  their  gardens  and  appurtenances,  were  purchased  of 
the  Prior  (John  Burton)  and  Convent  of  St.  Frideswide  on 
Feb.  9,  15 1£,  the  consideration  named  being  an  annual  rent- 
charge  of  2,6s.  8^.,  secured  on  the  Rectory  of  Wroughton  in 
Wiltshire,  of  which  the  Bishop  was  Patron.  As  the  buildings 
had  been  already  commenced,  with  the  consent  of  the  Prior, 
more  than  three  and  a  half  years  before  (see  p.  60),  there  can 
be  little  doubt,  as  in  the  case  of  Merton,  that  a  previous 
consideration  had  passed,  to  which  the  annual  rent-charge 
was  only  supplementary. 

The  relative  position  of  these  three  purchases,  and  of  the  old 
halls  which  they  include,  will  best  be  made  out  from  the  annexed 
plan  and  explanation,  which  I  have  taken  from  the  Fulman 
MSS.,  vol.  x.  fol.  106,  107  a,  b.  The  plan  also  occurs,  in  a 
rougher  and  earlier  form,  in  the  Collectanea  of  Miles  Windsor 
and  Brian  Twine,  MS.  280,  fol.  196  a,  and  there  is  no  reason 
for  doubting  its  accuracy.  It  may  be  noted  that  the  site  of  the 
Bachelors'  Garden  of  Merton  seems  exactly,  or  almost  exactly, 
to  have  corresponded  with  that  of  the  present  College  Garden. 
The  present  President's  Garden  is  plainly  a  portion  of  the 
Garden  of  Nevill's  Inn.  The  present  Kitchen,  though  now 
much  altered,  was  probably  the  Refectory  of  Urban  Hall.  It 
is  interesting  as  being,  probably,  the  only  building,  at  least 
above  ground,  older  than  the  foundation  of  the  College. 


Orial  Coll. 


North 


Corner  Hall  and 
Garden 


Urban  Hall 
and  Garden 


Nun  Hall 
Leaden  Porch 


Nevills  Inne  and  Garden 


Bekes  Inne 
and  Garden 


Bachelors  Garden 


Town  Wall 


South 


Town  Wall 


The  Site  of  the  College,  how  narrow  soever  the  Compasse  may  seem  to  be,  did 
heretofore  conteine  no  lesse  than  Five  several  Halls,  and  as  many  Gardens : 

1.  Corner  Hall  and  Garden  I 

2.  Nunne  Hall 

3.  Nevills  Inne  and  Garden  2 

4.  Bekes  Inne  and  Garden  3 

5.  Urban  Hall  and  Garden  4. 
Bachelers  Garden                     5. 

Corner  Hall  stood  in  the  Northwest  Corner  neer  Canterbury  College,  where  is  now  the 
Butlers  Chamber  and  adjoyning  Lodgings. 

Nunne  Hall,  called  also  Leaden  Porch,  stood  on  the  South  of  that ;  and  belonged  to  the 
Nunnes  of  Godstow,  of  whom  the  Founder  bought  it. 

Nevills  Inne  stood  on  the  South  of  Nunne  Hall  and  the  North  of  Bekes  Inne,  having  a 
Garden  lying  on  the  East  of  all  three. 

Bekes  Inne  stood  on  the  South  of  Nevills  Inne  and  the  North  of  Bachelers  Garden. 

Bachelers  Garden,  belonging  to  Merton  College,  lay  on  the  South  of  these,  extending 
by  the  Towne  Wall  from  Merton  on  the  East  to  the  Street  against  Saint  Frideswides 
Church  on  the  West,  where  now  is  the  Masters  and  the  Bachelers  Garden  of  Corpus 
Christi  and  perhaps  part  of  the  Cloysters. 

Urban  Hall  stood  in  the  Northeast  between  Merton  and  Corner  Hall,  joyning  to  the 
street  against  Orial. 


70  CONTINUATION  OF  BUILDING. 

I  cannot  say  with  certainty  what  is  meant  by  the  dotted 
lines  on  the  Plan.  Probably  they  express  Fulman's  con- 
jectures as  to  the  possible  extent  of  the  sites  of  Urban 
Hall  and  Beke's  Inn  respectively.  Nor  am  I  certain  as  to 
the  interpretation  of  the  words  'where  is  now  the  Butler's 
Chamber  and  adjoyning  Lodgings.'  By  the  Butler's  Chamber 
may  only  be  meant  a  room  in  which  the  Butler  lived  l  (if  this 
were  so,  it  would  shew  that,  in  Fulman's  time,  some  of  the 
servants  still  lived  inside  the  College2).  The  'adjoyning 
Lodgings '  may  mean  either  the  old  Lodgings  of  the  Presi- 
dent (still,  in  Fulman's  time,  occupied  concurrently  with  the 
President's  house),  which  were  probably,  in  part,  on  the  site  of 
Corner  Hall,  or  simply  College  rooms. 

Wood 3  speaks  as  if  about  a  quarter  of  the  College,  as  the 
Founder  originally  designed  it,  had  been  completed  before 
he  altered  his  mind  with  regard  to  the  character  of  the 
Foundation.  What  portion  of  the  present  College  this  was 
I  am  not  aware  that  we  have  any  means  of  ascertaining. 
After  the  design  was  changed,  Wood  continues,  '  he  pro- 
ceeded in  his  buildings  which  he  had  begun  ;  the  which,  had 
the  foundation  intended  at  first  been  equal  to  his  second 
thoughts,  it  had  been  larger,  but,  being  begun,  it  could  not 
well  be  altered,  which  in  all  probability  was  the  reason  why 
he  enlarged  it  afterward  by  building  the  Cloister  Chambers/ 
Some  of  the  building  accounts,  relating  to  the  later  period  of 
the  construction  of  the  fabric,  are  still  extant  in  MS.  435  of 
the  College  Library.  They  begin  on  March  2,  8  Hen.  VIII, 
i.e.  1 5 IT,  two  days  before  the  Society  was  inducted  into  the 
College,  and  end  on  Nov.  21,  10  Hen.  VIII,  i.e.  1518,  but 
some  leaves  at  the  end  seem  to  be  lost.  The  Cloister 
appears  to  have  been  begun  in  May,  I5r7>  as»  m  the  ac- 
count (often  in  this  MS.  called  'boke')  for  May  24-31,  there 


1  On  the  site  of  the  Battery,  see  further  on,  pp.  75,  6. 

2  A  College  inventory,  taken  in  1610,  shews  that  it  then  certainly  was  so.     In 
'  the  manciple  and  butler's  chamber,'  there  are  two  beds,  one  in  the  outer  room 
and  the  other  in  the  study.     In  1622  the  bed  has  disappeared  from  the  study,  but 
remains  in  the  outer  room. 

3  Wood's  History  of  the  Colleges  and  Halls,  p.  389; 


ORIGINAL  BUILDINGS,  AS  COMPLETED.  71 

is  a  charge  of  los.  6d.  for  '  digging  of  the  foundation  of  the 
cloister.' 

We  do  not  know,  with  any  precision,  when  the  College 
buildings  were  completed.  But,  as  there  were  large  ad- 
missions of  members  of  the  foundation  in  July,  August,  and 
October  of  the  year  1517,  we  may  conjecture,  with  some 
probability,  that  new  rooms  were  then  ready  for  their  recep- 
tion, and,  perhaps,  that  the  principal  part  of  the  College,  the 
front  quadrangle,  then  became  wholly  or  mainly  occupied. 
In  1518  and  1519  there  were  only  four  admissions  of  Scholars 
and  Fellows,  whereas  in  1520  there  were  no  less  than  ten. 
From  these  facts  it  seems  a  natural  inference  that  new  rooms 
were  available  in  that  year,  and  these  would  probably  be  the 
'  Cloister  Chambers l '  of  which  Wood  speaks. 

When  the  buildings  and  appurtenances  of  the  College  were 
completed  according  to  the  Founder's  design,  they  must 
have  consisted  of  the  Chapel,  the  Hall,  the  Library,  the 
gateway  and  the  chambers  in  the  front  quadrangle,  the 
cloisters  and  cloister  chambers,  the  kitchen  and  other  offices, 

1  There  was  a  tradition  in  the  College  that  Ludovicus  Vives  had  lived  in  one  of 
these  cloister  chambers ;  and  over  this  chamber  the  story  ran  that,  from  the  first 
foundation  of  the  College  to  the  Parliamentary  Visitation  in  1648,  there  had,  with 
a  short  interval  of  three  years,  always  been  a  swarm  of  bees  settled  between  the 
ceiling  and  the  leads. 

I  transcribe  the  following  curious  note  from  Wood's  Colleges  and  Halls,  p.  393  : 
'  Master  Twyne,  the  Antiquary,  hath  affirmed,  that  he  had  often  heard  Dr.  Benefeild, 
sometime  Fellow  of  this  House,  (who  then  had  the  Chamber  and  Study  of  Jo.  Lud. 
Vives,  at  the  west  end  of  the  Cloister)  as  also  Dr.  Cole,  sometime  President  of  the 
College,  affirm,  that  those  bees  were  called  Vives  his  bees. 

'  In  the  year  1630,  the  leads  over  Vives  his  study  being  pluckt  up,  their  stall  was 
taken,  (Carol.  Butler,  in  his  Hist,  of  Bees,  num.  59)  and  with  it  an  incredible  mass 
of  honey  :  But  the  bees,  as  presaging  their  intended  and  imminent  destruction, 
(whereas  they  were  never  known  to  have  swarmed  before)  did  that  spring  (to 
preserve  their  famous  kind)  send  down  a  fair  swarm  into  the  President's  garden : 
the  which  in  the  year  1633  yielded  two  swarms  ;  one  whereof  pitched  in  the  garden 
for  the  President,  the  other  they  sent  up  as  a  new  colony  into  their  old  habitation, 
there  to  continue  the  memory  of  this  mellifluous  Doctor  (Vives)  as  the  University 
stiled  him  in  a  letter  to  Card.  Wolsey. 

'They  continued  there  (as  'tis  said)  till  an.  1648,  at  what  time  the  generality  of 
the  members  of  this  Coll.  were  expelled  by  the  Parliament-Visitors,  and  then  they 
removed  themselves ;  but  no  further  than  the  east  end  of  the  Cloister,  where  con- 
tinuing for  sometime,  came  shortly  after  to  nothing. 

'  This  is  in  Fuller's  Worthies  in  com.  Ox.  326,  and  Dr.  Plot  follows  him  without 
acknowledgment.' 


72  THE  PRESIDENT'S  HOUSE. 

the  garden  or  gardens,  and  the  wood-yard,  which,  from  the 
reference  to  it  on  the  first  page  of  the  building  accounts 
mentioned  above,  must  have  been  conterminous,  or  nearly 
so,  with  the  present  yard,  which  lies  between  the  College 
buildings  and  Merton,  and  is  entered  now  as  then  by  a 
separate  gate. 

The  President's  House  was,  of  course,  a  subsequent  ad- 
dition, for  the  President's  Lodgings  at  Corpus,  as  at  most  of 
the  older  Colleges,  were  originally  in  rooms  over  and  about 
the  gateway.  Wood l,  in  a  passage  which  I  have  elsewhere 
quoted  at  length,  speaks  of  the  discontent  produced  amongst 
the  Fellows  of  Corpus  by  the  introduction  into  the  College 
of  the  wife  and  children  of  Cole,  the  first  married  President. 
But  the  arrangement  which  brought  a  married  President,  with 
a  wife  and  young  family,  into  College  rooms,  without  a  garden 
or  yard  or  offices,  must  have  been  more  disagreeable  to  them, 
even  if  it  were  less  vexatious,  than  to  the  Fellows.  In  Agas' 
map  of  the  date  1578,  ten  years  after  Cole  was  imposed  on  the 
College,  there  is  still  no  indication  of  a  President's  house.  In 
the  Libri  Magni,  as  well  as  the  Tower  Book,  down  to  the 
financial  year  1598-9,  there  is  no  charge  which  we  can  connect 
with  a  President's  house,  but  in  the  Liber  Magnus  for  that 
year,  there  is  a  sum  of  £134  9-y.  io\d.  charged  under  the  head 
*  Charges  of  timber  and  building  of  Mr.  President's  studie 
gallarie  and  other  romes  and  repairing  the  thecke  (thatch,  or 
possibly  roof.  Cp.  German  Decke  or  Dach),  Anno  Domini 
1599.'  In  the  following  year  (1599-1600),  there  is  a  further 
sum  of  ;£i44  is.  6\d.  set  down  to  '  Charges  of  Building  from 
Oct.  2,6  to  Sept.  19,'  in  obvious  continuation  of  the  former 
work,  and  in  the  next  year  (1600-1),  there  is  a  charge, 
extending  over  the  four  terms,  of  £41  zs.  \\d.,  under  the 
head  of  '  Deposita  pro  nova  structural  This  last  charge 
includes  various  items  of  matting,  &c.,  for  the  President's 
chamber,  gallery,  study,  and  kitchen.  The  occurrence  of 
the  last  word  seems  to  leave  little  doubt  that  the  charges 
were  for  a  separate  house,  not  for  College  rooms.  Indeed 
the  sums  total,  the  time  taken  over  the  work,  and  the  indi- 

1  Annals,  sub  1568. 


HIS  ROOMS  IN  COLLEGE.  73 

vidual  items  alike  make  it  difficult  to  suppose  that  these 
charges  refer  to  the  lodgings  in  the  front  quadrangle,  and 
hence  I  conclude  that  we  have  here  the  first  indication  of 
a  President's  house  distinct  from  the  College 1.  If  this  sup- 
position be  true,  '  repairing  the  thecke '  must  refer  to  other 
buildings.  In  a  College  inventory  taken  in  1613,  there  is 
mention  of  a  chamber  '  next  to  Mr.  President's  garden,' 
which  seems  to  imply  a  President's  house.  And  in  an 
inventory  of  the  President's  furniture,  plate,  books,  &c.,  or 
rather  so  much  of  them  as  belonged  to  the  College,  which 
may  probably  be  dated  between  1660  and  1677 2,  'the  house 
behind  the  President's  Garden '  is  specified  in  addition  to  the 
rooms  which  constituted  the  old  Lodgings, — namely,  '  the  low 
room  or  parlour'  (adjoining  and  at  that  time  communicating 
with  the  Hall),  'the  bed-room,'  'the  chamber  over  the  College 
gate,'  and  '  the  chambers  over  the  Steward  and  Porter '  (that 
is,  the  two  rooms  on  the  other  side  of  the  gateway,  com- 
municating with  that  last  named).  It  would  thus  appear,  from 
the  evidence  of  this  document,  if  it  be  an  inventory  taken 
by  Fulman,  or  when  Fulman  was  Fellow,  that,  even  after  the 
Restoration,  the  President  retained  the  old  lodgings,  but  also 
occupied  in  addition  the  new  house,  which  I  suppose  to  have 

1  In  the  Liber  Magnus  for  1601-2,  there  are  no  special  charges  for  building  or 
furniture,  shewing  that  the  work  begun  in  1599  had  come  to  an  end.  In  the  years 
1602-3,  1603-4,  there  are  charges  of  ^94  125.  $d.  and  ^128  i6.r.  ^d.  respectively, 
'  pro  nova  structura,'  but  as  they  include  work  done  to  the  Chapel,  they  are 
evidently  for  new  building,  not  for  a  new  building,  and  cover  repairs.  Of 
course,  part  of  these  sums,  as  well  as  of  the  large  disbursement  of  over  ^295  in 
1607-8,  may  have  been  employed  for  enlarging  or  improving  the  President's 
house. 

1  have  searched  carefully  through  the  Libri  Magni  and  the  Tower  Book  from 
1599  to  1675  (the  date.of  Loggan's  map,  in  which,  it  may  be  noticed,  the  house 
appears),  and  can  find  no  charges  which  can  be  connected  with  the  building  of  a 
President's  house,  so  that  I  take  it  there  is  no  doubt  that  a  separate  President's 
house  was  first  built  in  1599. 

2  The  original  inventory  seems  to  be  in  the  hand- writing  of  Fulman,  and,  there- 
fore, unless  it  be  merely  a  copy  of  some  pre-existing  inventory  (which  I  do  not 
think  is  the  case),  it  cannot  be  earlier  than  the  date  of  his  restoration  to  his 
Fellowship  (1660).   And  it  cannot  be  later  than  1677,  as  there  are  some  additional 
entries,  headed  'New,  1677.'     Even  if  the  older  part  be  only  a  copy,  the  original 
inventory  cannot  have  been  earlier  than  1640,  as  it  includes  '  the  little  box'  for  the 
rings,  bequeathed  by  Dr.  Jackson  who  died  in  that  year. 


74  THE  PRESIDENT'S  HOUSE  AND  ROOMS. 

been  built  in  1599.  But  an  inspection  of  the  Libri  Magni 
leaves  no  doubt  on  the  subject.  From  the  Liber  Magnus  for 
1660-1  to  that  for  1681-2  inclusive,  the  allowances  for  candles, 
furniture,  repairs,  &c.,  made  to  the  President,  are  entered 
under  the  heading  '  In  Camera  et  Domo  Praesidentis/  and 
there  are  distinct  charges  for  the  '  house '  and  the  '  lodgings.' 
Thus,  there  is  an  entry  in  the  Book  for  1661-3,  which  alone 
proves  that  both  were  occupied  simultaneously:  'Paid  to 
John  Carter  the  Mason  for  work  done  at  the  President's 
Lodgings  and  House1.'  In  1682-3,  ^e  heading  is  ( Impens  : 
Dom  :  Praes : '.  The  next  year  it  reverts  to  '  Dom  :  et  Cam  : ' 
and  then,  in  1684-5,  becomes  again  'in  Dom:  Prass:'  so 
continuing  ever  after,  while  these  payments  were  made.  We 
may  then  infer  that  it  was  not  till  some  time  between  1682 
and  1685  that  the  President  ceased  to  retain  his  rooms  in  the 
large  quadrangle.  'The  house  behind  the  garden'  would 
naturally  be  used  for  his  family,  if  he  were  married,  and  for 
guests ;  the  rooms  in  the  quadrangle  probably  for  official 
purposes.  In  Loggan's  Plan  (1675)  the  house  seems  to 
occupy  much  its  present  site,  excepting  the  wing  resting  on 
columns,  and,  of  course,  the  College  rooms  which  have  been 
added  comparatively  recently.  It  has  mullioned  windows 
throughout,  a  porch  abutting  on  the  Christ  Church  wall, 
and  what  is  apparently  an  entrance  hall  with  high  pitched 
roof.  This  hall  is  succeeded  by  four  gables,  and  these  by 
offices. 

On  Dec.  30, 1689,  there  is  an  entry  in  the  Tower  Book,  shew- 
ing that  ^300  was  at  that  time  spent  '  towards  the  building 
and  repairing  of  the  President's  house.'  The  word  '  towards ' 
implies  that  the  President  (Dr.  Turner)  also  contributed  himself, 
and,  as  he  was  a  rich  and  liberal  man,  he  probably  contributed 
handsomely.  I  take  it  as  almost  certain  that  these  sums  were 
partly  expended  on  the  wing  which  is  carried  out,  at  right 
angles  to  the  President's  house,  into  the  garden.  Apparently 

1  In  November,  1671,  a  fine  of  £12  was  paid  to  the  City  of  Oxford  for  a  lease 
'of  the  President's  house,'  i.e.  a  portion  of  the  site  on  which  it  was  built. 
Ultimately,  these  fines  on  renewal  became  so  exorbitant,  that  the  College  en- 
franchised the  strip  of  land  by  an  exchange  of  some  pastures  in  Rewley  Meads. 


NEW  BUILDINGS.  75 

it  was  originally  a  sort  of  summer-house  or  'temple,'  sur- 
rounded with  Doric  columns  supporting  a  room  at  the  top, 
and  was  afterwards  filled  in  so  as  to  give  an  additional  room 
at  the  bottom.  It  is  not  in  Loggan's  engraving  (1675),  but  is 
in  the  engraving  of  Skelton  reproduced  from  the  Oxford 
almanac  of  1726,  and  evidently  belongs  to  the  architecture  of 
the  close  of  the  seventeenth  or  beginning  of  the  eighteenth 
century.  Moreover,  there  is  no  other  entry  in  the  ac- 
counts, except  this  of  1689,  which  could  fitly  be  connected 
with  it. 

When  Dr.  Cooke  succeeded  to  the  Presidency  in  1783,  the 
portion  of  the  President's  Lodgings  facing  Oriel  Street  was  in 
a  ruinous  condition,  and  the  College,  though  then  involved  in 
much  other  expenditure,  resolved  to  spend  about  .£450  on 
repairs  and  improvements.  The  present  dining-room,  drawing- 
room,  and  front  staircase  are  the  main  result,  and  unfortunately 
supply  a  typical  example  of  the  slight  and  unsubstantial 
building  of  the  period.  The  addition  to  the  Lodgings  of  the 
two  sets  of  Chaplains'  rooms,  occupying  almost  the  whole  of 
the  ground  floor  of  the  south  side  of  the  great  quadrangle, 
was  probably  made  in  the  years  1804,  5,  when  about  £180 
was  paid  for  'the  improvement  of  the  President's  house' 
(Tower  Book).  At  this  time  the  Chaplains  had  become 
usually  married  men,  or  were  attached  also  to  other  founda- 
tions, and  thus  they  probably  did  not  care  to  occupy  rooms 
in  College.  The  long  conservatory,  which  runs  along  the 
east  side  of  the  house,  and  forms  so  pleasant  a  feature  of  it, 
was  erected  at  the  private  expense  of  Dr.  Norris.  The 
older  portion  of  the  house  has,  doubtless,  undergone  many 
alterations,  and  possibly  no  part  of  the  original  structure 
now  remains. 

In  the  Liber  Magnus  for  1595-6,  there  is  a  charge  of 
£97  its.  *]d.  for  what  is  variously  described  as  making  a  new 
cellar  or  a  new  buttery.  The  work  was  begun  on  the  ist  of 
March,  159!,  and  lasted  twenty-one  weeks.  There  can  be  little 
doubt  that  the  cellar  is  that  under  the  present  buttery,  but  in 
the  buttery  itself,  which  is  thoroughly  of  the  eighteenth  century 
type,  there  is  nothing,  in  either  the  stone-work  or  the  wood- 


76       COMMON  ROOM.     ALTERATIONS  IN  CHAPEL. 

work,  to  remind  us  of  the  year  1596,  though  it  may,  of  course, 
be  the  same  room,  or,  at  least,  on  the  same  site l. 

Battlements  seem  to  have  been  first  erected  in  or  about  the 
year  1624.  Under  Dec.  14  of  that  year  there  is  the  following 
entry  in  the  Tower  Book :  '  Taken  out  of  the  great  chest  for 
the  battlements  of  the  College,  untill  it  shall  be  repayed  by 
Mr.  Edmund  Rainolde,  whose  promises  caused  the  worke  to 
be  begun,  the  sume  of  ^"195  ijs.  \\d' 

In  or  about  the  year  1667,  the  present  Common  Room  seems 
to  have  been  built 2,  together  with  some  chambers  which  were 
afterwards  taken  down  and  replaced  by  the  { Gentlemen 
Commoners'  Buildings.'  Sums  of  money  were  voted,  for  this 
purpose,  out  of  the  Tower  Fund  from  Jan.  14,  i66f  to  Feb.  9, 
i66f,  and  were  supplemented  by  subscriptions,  but,  in  the 
Liber  Benefactorum,  these  are  mixed  up,  without  any  dis- 
tinction, with  the  subscriptions  for  the  alterations  in  the 
Chapel  ten  years  later. 

In  or  about  the  years  1675-76,  the  interior  of  the  Chapel 
was  much  altered,  probably  for  the  worse,  and  trie  old  vestry 
probably  taken  down.  An  account  of  these  alterations,  or, 
as  they  would  now  be  called,  'restorations,'  will  be  found 
under  Dr.  Newlyn's  second  Presidency.  It  was  at  this  time, 
probably,  that  the  curious  brass  of  Claymond,the  first  President, 
representing  him  as  a  skeleton,  enveloped  in  a  shroud,  was 
moved,  together  with  other  monuments,  from  the  inner  to  the 
outer  Chapel.  The  epitaph  at  the  foot  of  Claymond's  brass  was 
broken  in  the  removal,  and  a  copy  substituted.  It  is  only  within 
the  last  few  years  that,  through  the  kindness  of  the  Rev.  Charles 
Collier,  Vicar  of  Andover,  who  picked  it  up  in  an  old  curiosity 
shop,  the  original  epitaph  has  been  restored  to  the  Chapel. 
It  is  now  in  a  frame  on  the  south  wall  of  the  ante-Chapel. 

Loggan's  Plan,  the  date  of  which  is  1675,  shews  the  front 
of  the  College  with  double  dormer  windows,  and  without 
battlements,  though  the  tower  and  the  rest  of  the  large 
quadrangle  has  them;  a  President's  house,  with  mullioned 

1  It  appears  from  the  Tower  Book  that  the  panelling,  &c.,  of  the  present  Buttery 
dates  from  1759. 

a  Wood's  Colleges  and  Halls,  p.  299. 


ALTERATIONS  IN  HALL.     NEW  BUILDINGS.        77 

windows,  and  without  the  wing  resting  on  columns,  as 
described  above ;  a  vestry  joining  the  Chapel  on  the  north- 
east side,  and  leaving  only  one  of  the  Chapel  windows  visible 
on  the  north  side ;  the  Cloister  Chambers,  with  mullioned 
windows,  where  Dr.  Turner's  buildings  now  are ;  several 
small  buildings  to  the  east  of  the  large  quadrangle ;  a 
summer  or  music-house 1,  approached  by  a  flight  of  steps, 
at  the  west  end  of  the  garden  terrace,  on  which  there  is 
already  a  row  of  trees  planted  2 ;  and,  lastly,  a  fox  chained  in 
the  wood-yard. 

The  alterations  in  the  Hall,  including  the  re-panelling, 
in  or  about  the  year  1700,  and  the  erection  of  the  present 
cloister  and  the  Fellows'  buildings  on  the  site  of  the  old 
Cloister  Chambers,  through  the  munificence  of  Dr.  Turner, 
between  1706  and  1712,  are  described  under  the  Presidency  of 
Dr.  Turner.  Probably  several  coats  of  arms,  in  the  windows 
of  the  Hall,  were  at  this  time  removed  or  destroyed. 

The  erection  of  the  building  for  the  Gentlemen  Commoners, 
containing  six  handsome  sets  of  rooms,  and  the  addition  of 
a  story  to  the  north  and  west  sides  of  the  great  quadrangle, 
were  carried  out  about  1737,  and  the  work  probably  lasted 
some  years.  There  is  a  notice  of  it  under  Dr.  Mather's 
Presidency.  In  1890  the  'Gentlemen  Commoners'  Building' 
was  refaced. 

On  Dec.  18,  1741,  there  is  an  entry  in  the  Tower  Book, 
which  shews  that  hitherto  there  had  been  no  chimney  in  the 
Hall,  the  building  of  a  chimney  being  one  of  the  objects  to 
which  a  sum  of  money  was  to  be  devoted.  Before  this  time, 
the  Hall  accounts  in  the  Libri  Magni  shew  large  payments 
for  charcoal,  which  must  have  been  burnt  in  a  brasier. 

The  Garden-gate  was  given  by  the  Hon.  Edward  Bouverie 
(a  cousin,  once  removed,  of  the  late  Dr.  Pusey),  in  1782. 

For  the  gift  of  the  Rubens,  which  forms  the  altar-piece  of 
the  Chapel,  see  the  account  of  Sir  Richard  Worsley  under 

1  This  summer  house  still  appears  in  the  Oxford  Almanac  for  1758,  reproduced 
by  Skelton. 

8  In  Agas'  map  of  1578,  there  are  also  indications  of  a  row  of  trees  on  a  terrace, 
but  the  delineation  is  much  less  exact  than  in  Loggan's  engraving. 


78         FURTHER  ALTERATIONS  AND  ADDITIONS. 

Dr.  Randolph's  Presidency.  The  fine  pair  of  altar  candle- 
sticks had  been  presented  at  an  earlier  period,  1726,  by 
Sir  William  Morice,  Bart.,  of  Werrington.  The  beautiful 
brass  eagle,  which  was  probably  the  gift  of  Claymond  (if  not 
a  gift,  it  must  have  been  a  '  memorial '-),  is  mentioned  under 
Claymond's  Presidency. 

The  Rubens  replaced  a  copy  of  Guido's  Annunciation  by 
Battoni,  presented  by  Sir  Christopher  Willoughby  of  Baldon, 
in  the  year  1796,  and  it  is  said  by  Ingram1  (who  lived  so  near 
the  time  that  he  can  hardly  have  been  mistaken)  that  the 
east  window  of  the  Chapel  was  actually  blocked  up  in  order 
that  it  might  receive  this  copy. 

In  1801,  it  was  resolved,  at  a  College  Meeting, 'to  substitute 
a  facing  of  stone  to  the  Walls,  instead  of  following  the  late 
practice  of  Rough  Cast,'  and  to  start  a  Building  Fund  for 
that  purpose.  In  1804,  it  was  resolved  'to  new  face  the 
inner  walls  of  the  College,  which  are  much  decayed,  with 
Windrush  or  Barrington  Stone,'  and,  for  that  purpose,  to 
start  a  subscription,  in  aid  of  the  Tower  Fund.  This  appeal 
was  liberally  responded  to  by  the  present  and  past  members 
of  the  College,  and  a  sum  of  over  ^"2000  (including  the 
subvention  from  the  Tower  Fund)  was  collected.  As  the 
sum  was  in  excess  of  the  expenditure,  the  balance  was  carried 
to  a  Building  Fund.  The  statue  of  the  Founder  seems  to 
have  been  put  up  about  1817,  when  an  order  was  made  at 
a  College  Meeting  that  the  arms  of  the  See  of  Winchester 
should  be  placed  on  the  right  hand  of  the  statue,  and,  on  the 
left  hand,  the  arms  of  the  See  of  Winchester  impaling  those  of 
the  Founder.  In  Loggan's  engraving  (1675),  there  is  a  statue  of 
the  Founder  occupying  the  same  position  as  the  present  one, 
having  no  arms  on  either  side,  but  surmounted  by  the  figure 
of  a  pelican. 

For  the  new  building  erected,  opposite  to  the  College  in 
Merton  Street,  by  Mr.  T.  G.  Jackson  in  1884-5,  see  under  the 
A.nnals,of  those  years. 

1  Memorials  of  Oxford,  C.  C.  C.,  p.  12. 


CHAPTER   IV. 

THE  FIRST  THREE  PRESIDENCIES. 

THE  first  President  of  the  new  Society  was  John  Claymond 
or  Claymund1,  a  native  of  Frampton,  a  small  village  in 
Lincolnshire,  not  far  from  Boston.  His  parents  are  described 
by  Antony  Wood  as  '  sufficient  inhabitants  of  Frampton,'  and, 
after  apparently  receiving  the  first  rudiments  of  education  in 
or  near  his  native  village,  he  was  moved  to  Oxford,  where, 
according  to  Wood,  he  completed  his  'grammar  learning'  at 
Magdalen  College  School2,  thence  proceeding  to  Magdalen 
College,  of  which  he  was  successively  Demy  (1483  ?),  Fellow 
(1488),  and  President  (1504).  Born  about  1457,  ne  would 
be  some  nine  years  junior  to  Foxe,  but,  notwithstanding 

1  The  principal  authority  for  Claymond's  life  is  a  long  Latin  poem,  in  elegiac 
verse,  by  John  Shepreve,  who  was  admitted  Probationary  Fellow  of  C.  C.  C.  in 
1528,  was  Greek  Reader  in  the  College,  and  subsequently  became  Professor  of 
Hebrew  in  the  University.     A.  Wood  ( Ath.  Ox.)  says  of  him  :  '  He  was  one  of  the 
skilfnllest  linguists  (his  age  being  considered)  that  ever  was  in  Oxon  before  his 
time,  and  was  thought  to  surpass  Origen  in  memory.     So  excellent  a  poet  also  he 
was,  that  his  equal  scarce  could  be  found,  it  having  been  an  ordinary  matter  with 
him  to  compose  100  very  good  verses  every  day  at  vacant  hours,  some  of  which 
are  extant.'     He  died  prematurely,  aged  about  33.     The  poem  on  Claymond  is 
entitled  '  Vita  et  Epicedion  Joh.  Claymondi  Prsesidis  C.  C.  C.'     Two  MS.  copies 
exist  in  the  Bodleian,  and  one  in  the  Corpus  Library.     It  is  very  diffuse,  and 
written,  after  the  manner  of  the  time,  in  a  strain  of  extravagant  eulogy,  but, 
making  the  necessary  deductions  on  this  account,  it  seems  to  be  veracious,  and 
certainly  expresses  genuine  feeling  on  the  part  of  the  writer. 

2  In  the  'Compositio  Claymundi'  (1532)  printed  at  the  end  of  the  Magdalen 
Statutes  {Statutes  of  the  Colleges  of  Oxford,  vol.  ii.  p.  123),  Claymond  speaks 
of  himself  as  'in  Coll.  Magd.  a  teneris  unguiculis   educatus,'  but  whether  this 
allusion  is  to  the  School  or  the  College  it  is  impossible  to  say.     In  Dr.  Bloxam's 
Register,  the  list  of  Choristers  does  not  begin  till  1485,  nor  that  of  Demies  till 
1482.     Claymond's  name  occurs  as  a  Demy  in  1483  (no  day  or  month  given),  but 
this  is  almost  undoubtedly  the  date  of  his  re-eleclion  on  attaining  the  age  of  25, 
when  the  Demies  were  superannuated,  but  might  be  re-elected. 


8o  PRESIDENCY  OF  CLAYMOND. 

the  disparity  of  age,  their  acquaintance  may  have  gone  back 
to  their  Lincolnshire  days,  or,  if  Foxe  was  really  a  Magdalen 
man,  the  young  student  may  have  known  something  of  the 
school-boy.  Any  way,  in  the  '  Charta  Fundationis '  (dated 
March  i,  15 if)  Foxe  speaks  of  Claymond  as  having  been 
on  terms  of  intimacy  with  him  for  over  thirty  years  (nobiscum 
supra  triginta  annos  familiarissimam  consuetudinem  habentem, 
virumque  a  nobis  apprime  probatum),  and,  while  still  Fellow  of 
Magdalen,  he  was  already  so  much  trusted  and  esteemed  by 
Foxe  as  to  be  invited  by  him  to  take  charge  of  a  school  in 
his  then  diocese  of  Durham  \  Like  Foxe  himself,  Claymond 
was  deeply  interested  in  the  revival  of  classical  learning,  and 
was  acquainted  with  many  of  the  leaders  of  the  movement, 
but,  from  a  literary  point  of  view,  he  had  the  advantage  over 
his  patron,  the  statesman-bishop,  of  being  himself  a  diligent 
student  and  a  laborious  annotator  of  the  Classics.  Schepreve, 
who  affords  a  measure  at  once  of  his  admiration  and  his 
accuracy  by  telling  us  that  Claymond  was,  in  prose,  another 
Cicero,  and,  in  verse,  another  Naso,  says,  with  evident  exag- 
geration, that  he  had  read  all  authors,  meaning,  of  course, 
classical  authors.  But,  notwithstanding  this  extravagant  praise, 
there  can  be  no  doubt  that  Claymond  was  recognised  as  one 
of  the  band  of  the  illustrious  scholars  of  that  time2,  that  he 

1  Jamque  Dunelmensis  felici  sydere  Prsesul 

Hunc  ad  se  Foxus  nobilis  ille  vocat, 
Promissaque  statim  magna  mercede  Magistrum 

Prasfecit  pueris  quos  ea  terra  tenet; 
Scilicet  ut  teneras  Romano  flumine  linguas 

Tingeret,  et  Scythicos  pelleret  inde  sonos. — Schepreve's  Poem. 
The  present  Grammar  School  at  Durham  is  coeval  with  the  foundation  of  the 
Cathedral  by  Henry  VIII  in  1541.  But  there  was  probably  some  provision  for 
education  within  the  city  before  that  time.  Claymond  may,  however,  have  been 
appointed  to  some  school  elsewhere  in  the  Bishopric.  He  was  made  by  Bishop 
Foxe  Master  of  Staindrop  College  in  1 500,  but  this  was  a  hospital  not  an  educa- 
tional institution. 

2  See  Erasmus,  Ep.  438,  the  same  letter  in  which  he  speaks  with  such  enthusiasm 
of  the  foundation  of  the  College.  Erasmus'  edition  of  Chrysostom's  '  Sex  con- 
ciunculse  de  fato  et  providentia  Dei,'  Basle,  1526,  is  dedicated  to  Claymond,  who 
is  described  as  'Theologo,  Collegii  apum  Prsesidi.'  The  dedication  begins,  'Flores 
apibus  congruunt,'  and  the  metaphor  is  maintained  throughout.  (This  dedication 
is  noticed  in  Hearne's  diary,  ed.  Doble,  vol.  i.  p.  256).  Leland  celebrates  Clay- 
mond's  skill  in  versification  in  an  Ode  entitled  '  Ad  Calliopem  de  Jo.  Claimundo. 


HIS  CHARACTER  AND  GENEROSITY.  8l 

was  a  diligent  student,  and  a  generous  patron  of  the  new 
learning.  His  liberality,  his  piety,  and  his  moral  qualities  are 
celebrated  by  Schepreve  in  terms  no  less  enthusiastic,  and 
probably  more  nearly  in  accordance  with  facts,  than  his  style 
and  learning.  Holding,  in  addition  to  his  academical  prefer- 
ment, a  large  number  of  ecclesiastical  dignities  and  benefices, 
of  which  the  Mastership  of  St.  Cross,  near  Winchester,  was 
one,  he  could  afford  to  be  free  with  his  money,  and  certainly, 
according  to  Schepreve's  account,  dispensed  it  with  a  rare 
generosity.  Thus,  he  constructed  a  covered  market  at  Carfax 
for  the  sellers  of  barley,  repaired  the  West  gate,  made  or 
repaired  roads  through  the  South  and  East  gates,  and,  what, 
at  that  time,  must  have  been  one  of  the  greatest  boons  he 
could  have  bestowed  on  the  inhabitants  of  Oxford  and  the 
neighbourhood,  constructed  or  re-constructed  three  bridges 
over  the  Botley  meadows  (what  we  now  call  the  Seven-bridge 
road)1.  He  was  unstinting,  during  his  life-time,  in  his  liberality 
to  individual  men  of  letters,  and  in  his  gifts,  for  various  pur- 
poses, to  Corpus  and  Balliol,  while,  after  death,  he  devised 
considerable  benefactions  in  land  to  Magdalen,  Corpus,  and 
Brasenose.  Nor  was  he  less  generous  to  the  poor.  The  poor 
friars  of  various  orders,  as  well  as  the  felons  and  debtors  in 
Oxford  gaol,  were  the  constant  recipients  of  his  charity2,  no 

See  Encomia,  Trophsea,  &c.,  London,  1589,  p.  43.     Schepreve  gives  us  to  under- 
stand that  he  specially  devoted  his  attention  to  maintaining  the  purity  of  the  Latin, 
language,  presumably  both  in  composition  and  conversation,  within  the  College  : 
'  Barbara  de  nostris  adeo  procnl  agmina  castris 

Expulit,  ut  nunquam  posse  redire  putem.' 

This,  according  to  the  original  Statutes,  was  to  be  the  special  duty  of  the  Reader 
in  Humanity. 

1  '  Quis  nescit  longo  constructos  ordine  pontes 

In  prati  medio  (Botlia  parva)  tni : 
Quas  prius  hie  populo  quam  sic  reparasset  egenti 
Invia  terrigradis  hsec  via  prorsus  erat? 

2  O  quoties  inopes  de  quolibet  ordine  Fratres 

Non  parvo  juvit  munere  larga  manus; 
O  quoties  erga  positos  in  carcere  fures 

Anxia  fervebat  sollicitudo  viri ; 
O  quoties  illos  (quos,  postquam  Judicis  horror 

Desierat  misero  discruciare  metu, 
Gustos  detinuit,  reddi  sibi  jura  reposcens) 

Ipse  dato  pretio  jussit  abire  statim.' 

G 


82  JOHtf  CLA  YMOND. 

less  than  the  needy  inhabitants  of  Oxford  and  of  the  parishes 
in  which  he  held  livings.  In  these  various  ways,  he  is  said  to 
have  disbursed,  during  his  life-time,  no  less  than  what  was 
then  the  large  sum  of  thirty  or  forty  pounds  a  year.  In  all 
the  duties  and  virtues  of  the  priestly  office,  he  appears  to 
have  set  a  faultless  example  at  a  time  when  they  were  by  no 
means  universally  observed.  Schepreve  celebrates  his  industry, 
austerity,  vigils,  fasts,  and  temperance.  During  his  frugal 
meals,  he  was  accustomed  to  read,  pray,  or  attend  to  the 
various  duties  of  his  office.  Except  when  he  was  incapacitated 
by  illness,  not  a  single  day  elapsed,  after  he  became  a  priest, 
in  which  he  did  not  celebrate  the  sacred  mysteries ;  a  state- 
ment which  accords  with  the  designation  by  which  he  was 
wont  to  subscribe  himself, f  Eucharistiae  servus  V 

Such  was  the  man,  no  ordinary  combination  of  piety,  virtue, 
learning  and  prudence2,  whom  Foxe  was  fortunate  enough  to 
secure  as  the  head  of  his  new  College.  He  resigned  the 
Presidentship  of  Magdalen  on  December  2,  1516",  and  was,  in 
common  with  the  newly-appointed  Fellows,  placed  in  pos- 
session of  the  College  and  its  appurtenances  on  the  5th  of 
March,  151$.  The  difference  in  value  of  the  two  Headships 
was  made  up  to  him  by  his  institution  to  the  rich  Rectory 
of  Cleeve  or  Bishop's  Cleeve  in  Gloucestershire.  He  was 
President  for  over  20  years,  dying  at  the  good  old  age  of  80, 
on  Nov.  19,  1537,  having  offered  Mass  that  very  morning3. 

1  See  a  document  thus  signed  by  him,  in  Turner's  Selections  from  the  Records 
of  the  City  of  Oxford,  p.  115.  Antony  Wood  also  says  that  Claymond  'used  to 
write  himself  "  Eucharistias  servus,"  because  he  frequently  received  the  blessed 
sacrament.' 

2  '  Quanta  viri  fuerit  prudentia,  scire  licebit, 

Si  spectes  quanta  rexerit  arte  suos.' 

A  higher  testimony  to  Claymond's  reputation  for  prudence  and  integrity  could 
hardly  be  given  than  the  fact  that  Wolsey,  in  his  instructions  to  Robert  Cartar 
and  others,  touching  his  College,  orders  that  '  the  money  devoted  to  the  College 
shall,  during  the  residence  of  the  Canons  at  Pokley,  be  delivered  to  Master  Clay- 
mont,  president  of  Corpus  Christi.'  Letters  and  Papers,  Foreign  and  Domestic, 
Henry  VIII,  vol.  iv.  pt.  i.  (17  Henry  VIII),  pp.  672,  3. 

3  The  following  couplet  affords  a  good  instance  of  the  curious  mixture  of 
Christian  and  Pagan  phraseology,  which  was  not  uncommon  at  the  time  of  the 
Renaissance.  Speaking  of  Claymond's  soul  as  soaring  up  to  heaven,  and  there 
joining  the  angelic  choirs,  Schepreve  adds  : 


HIS  ADMINISTRATION  OF  THE  COLLEGE.          83 

He  was  buried  in  the  middle  of  the  choir  in  the  College 
Chapel,  c  under  the  very  place,'  says  Wood,  c  where  the  rectors 
of  the  choir  sing  the  Venite  Exultemus,'  and  on  the  marble 
slab  which  covered  the  grave,  now  transferred  to  the  ante- 
chapel,  was  placed  a  curious  brass  effigy  displaying  a  skeleton 
in  a  shroud.  There  were  two  inscriptions,  one  under  the 
effigy  (the  original  of  which  has  lately  been  recovered l)  in 
Latin  verse,  the  other  giving  the  ordinary  particulars,  '  Hie 
jacet,'  &c.,  but  leaving  the  date  of  the  death  to  be  filled  up, 
a  light  duty  which  curiously  his  executors  never  performed. 

There  is  no  reason  to  doubt  the  substantial  accuracy  of 
Schepreve's  lines  already  quoted  in  a  foot-note  : — 

'  Quanta  viri  fuerit  prudentia,  scire  licebit, 
Si  spectes  quanta  rexerit  arte  suos/ 

And  the  very  extravagance  of  Schepreve's  eulogy,  in  other 
parts  of  his  poem,  is  itself  at  least  a  testimony  to  the  respect 
and  affection  entertained  for  Claymond  by  the  members  of 
his  own  College.  But  the  most  conclusive  proof  of  the 
excellence  and  success  of  Claymond's  administration  is  to 
be  found  in  the  high  reputation  and  satisfactory  condition  of 
the  College  at  the  time  of  Jewel's  election  to  his  scholarship, 
exactly  a  year  and  three-quarters  after  Claymond's  death  2. 

At  some  time  during  this  Presidency,  but  we  do  not  know 
when,  there  seem  to  have  been  some  serious  dissensions  in 
the  College,  as  appears  from  the  following  interesting  letter 
from  the  Founder  to  the  President,  given  in  the  Collectanea 
of  Windsor  and  Twine  (MS.  280),  fol.  2oaa  : 

'  Broder  Mr.  President,  I  commend  me  hartily  to  you,  and 
to  exhort  you  to  take  patiently  ye  great  Tempest  that  hath 

'  Hnnc  tamen  ipse  dolet  Phoebus,  Phcebique  sorores, 

Hone  Mariaque  satus,  Diique  Deseque  dolent.' 

Cp.  some  lines  farther  on  in  the  poem,  in  which  the  extravagance  of  Schepreve's 
eulogy  seems  to  reach  its  climax : 

'  Qui  raro  veterum  juvisset  munere  vitam, 
Protenus  hoc  ipso  nomine  numen  erat: 
Quorum  si  nobis  imitari  gesta  licebit, 

Te  quoque  fecissent  jam  tua  facta  Deum.' 

1  See  p.  76,  above. 

2  See  p.  92,  below, 

G  2 


84  CLAYMOND'S  BENEFACTIONS. 

lately  been  amongst  your  company.  I  can  no  better  say  than 
to  desire  you  to  take  it  as  I  have  ever  used  to  take  such 
thinges  myselfe,  viz.  speravi  semper  me  felicem  habiturum 
exitum,  ubi  durum  et  grave  erat  principium.  And  also  I 
would  you  should  thinke  that  in  this  case  God  provyth  you, 
et  tune  Beatus  vir  qui  suffert  temptationem  &c.' 

The  twenty  years  of  Claymond's  presidency  were  re- 
markable rather  for  political  and  ecclesiastical  than  for 
academical  changes.  In  the  Fulman  MSS.1,  there  are  the 
significant  entries:  1534-5.  Mar.  The  College  visited  by 
Archbishop  Cranmer,  which  the  President  and  Scholars 
submitted  to,  but  with  protestation.  Mar.  9.  They  swear 
and  make  submission  to  the  King.  1635.  Sept.  6.  They 
submit  to  the  King's  visitation.  Sept.  9.  Another  submission. 
These  notices  seem  to  imply  that,  though  the  President 
and  Fellows  were  not  ready  to  risk  the  chances  of  mar- 
tyrdom, their  submission  was  not  peculiarly  spontaneous  or 
cordial. 

Claymond  gave  to  the  College  lands  in  Iffley,  Headington, 
Cowley,  Littlemore,  Sandford,  and  Marston,  near  Oxford, 
besides  probably  a  sum  of  money  with  which  Morwent  after- 
wards bought  the  land  in  Rewley  Meads.  In  his  Will,  he 
bequeathed,  for  the  use  of  successive  Presidents,  the  fine 
sapphire  ring,  which  still  remains  in  the  President's  custody. 
He  thus  describes  it :  '  Excepto  quodam  annulo  cui  impactus 
est  Lapis  Saphyrus  quern  dono  Magistro  Morwent,  qui  mihi 
successurus  est,  et  successoribus  ejusdem  in  officium  Praesi- 
dentis  istius  Collegii,  in  monumentum  sui  officii,  quippe  quern 
mihi  donavit  Fundator  nostri  Collegii  Episcopus  Foxe,  ut  sui 
perpetuo  memor  essem.'  The  beautiful  brass  eagle,  from 
which  the  lessons  are  now  read  in  the  College  Chapel,  seems 
also  to  have  been  Claymond's  gift.  It  bears  no  date,  but 
simply  the  words,  '  Joannes  Claymond  Primus  Prseses.' 

During  Claymond's  tenure  of  the  Presidency,  Reginald  Pole, 
subsequently  Archbishop  of  Canterbury  and  Cardinal,  and 
John  Foxe,  then  or  subsequently  Archdeacon  of  Surrey2,  were 

1  Vol.  ix.  fol.  61  b. 

2  There  was  a  John  Fox,  Archdeacon  of  Surrey  in  the  first  third  of  the  sixteenth 


7 


**&*<***£* 

'*  ***  Ifa*  tus^"1 


Kraizer's  Dial  in  the  Garden 

Front  Hegge^s  MS.  on  Dials,  C.  C.  C.  Library,  MS.  430 

Hannibal  Baskerville,  writing  about  1668,  speaks  of  this  dial  as  still '  at  this  day  in  C.  C.  C.  garden 

Rawlinson  Miscell.  MSS.  D  810 


ADMISSIONS  DURING  HIS  PRESIDENCY.  85 

admitted  on  the  same  day  (Feb.  14,  152!)  as  actual  Fellows 
('socii  veri')  by  direct  appointment  of  the  Founder.  Foxe 
indeed  exercised  his  right  of  appointment  to  both  Fellowships 
and  Scholarships  down  to  and  including  that  of  Thomas 
Goyge  on  July  2,  1524,  besides  a  solitary  instance  in  the 
following  year.  Besides  Pole,  the  admissions  to  Fellowships 
Scholarships,  and  Readerships,  during  Claymond's  presidency, 
include  many  men  remarkable  for  their  learning  or  other 
eminent  qualities — Ludovicus  Vives1,  the  celebrated  Spanish 
humanist,  who  was  brought  over  by  Foxe  from  the  South  of 
Italy  to  be  his  first  Reader  of  Latin,  Nicholas  Crutcher2 
(i.  e.  Kratzer),  a  native  of  Munich,  who  was  probably  intro- 
duced into  the  College  for  the  purpose  of  teaching  Mathematics, 
David  Edwards3,  who  appears  to  have  been  the  first  person 
who  gave  lectures  on  Greek  within  the  College,  though 
whether  his  appointment  was  a  temporary  or  permanent  one 
seems  to  be  doubtful,  and  Robert  Morwent,  'sociis  compar'4 

century,  though  the  exact  date  is  undetermined,  and  a  John  Fox,  Archdeacon  of 
"Winchester  (nearly  related  to  Bishop  Foxe,  according  to  Wood's  Fasti)  in  1519. 
It  seems  not  unlikely  that  they  were  the  same  person.  If  so,  both  Pole  and  Fox 
held  high  ecclesiastical  preferment  at  the  time  of  their  admission  to  their  Fellow- 
ships, which  were  probably  very  much  of  an  honorary  character.  ^' 

1  Though  the  names  of  both  Vives  and  Kratzer  occur  in  Hegge's  Catalogue, 
there  is  no  contemporary  documentary  evidence  that  either  of  them  was  ever  either 
socius  or  sociis  compar,  but  there  is  a  high  degree  of  probability  that  both  of  them 
lodged  and  lectured  in  Corpus.     See  my  note  at  the  beginning  of  the  transcript  of 
Hegge's  Catalogue. 

2  Kratzer  was  astronomer  to  Henry  VIII.     He  left  memorials  of  himself  in 
Oxford,  in  the  shape  of  dials,  in  St.  Mary's  Churchyard  and  in  Corpus  Garden, 
both  of  which  have  now  disappeared,  but  he  still  survives  in  the  fine  portraits  of 
him  by  Holbein.     The  large  and  very  curious  dial  now  in  Corpus  quadrangle  was 
constructed  by  Charles  Turnbull,  a  native  of  Lincolnshire,  in  1581,  the  later  date  1605 
being  probably  that  of  some  tables  painted  subsequently  on  the  cylinder.    On  both 
Kratzer's  dial  and  Turnbull's,  see  a  subsequent  note  appended  to  my  account  of 
Robert  Hegge,  under  Anyan's  Presidency. 

3  In  a  Catalogue  in  Fulman's  hand-writing,  inserted  in  vol.  x  of  his  MSS-, 
D.  Edwards  is  given  as  Greek  Reader,  the  name  occurring  before  that  of  Edward 
Wotton  (see  below),  who  is  the  first  designated  by  that  title  in  Hegge's  Catalogue. 
There  is  probably  some  confusion  in  the  matter,  and  Edwards,  who  must  have 
been  very  young  for  the  office,  even  if  he  did  not  enter  on  it  till  he  became  Pro- 
bationary Fellow,  may  have  acted  temporarily  for  Wotton,  while  on  his  leave  of 
absence  abroad.     Harpsfield  (Hist.  Eccl.  Angl.  p.  644)  confirms  the  order  given 
in  fc  ulman,  naming  Edwards  before  Wotton. 

4  By  the  Statutes  of  Magdalen,  a  Fellow  had  to  make  oath,  on  admission,  that 


86     ADMISSIONS  DURING  CLA  YMOND'S  PRESIDENC Y. 

and  perpetual  Vice-President,  who  was  Claymond's  immediate 
successor  in  the  Presidency,  all  nominated  in  the  year  1517; 
Nicholas  Udall  or  Owdall,  Head  Master  of  Eton,  and  a  cele- 
brated writer  of  verses  and  plays,  and  Edward  Wotton,  at 
least  the  second,  if  not  the  first  Greek  Reader,  celebrated  both 
as  a  classical  scholar  and  as  a  physician,  the  author  of  a  work 
entitled  De  differentiis  animalium,  both  admitted  in  1530 l ; 
Richard  Pates,  a  diplomatist  in  the  time  of  Henry  VIII,  and 
Bishop  of  Worcester  in  the  reign  of  Queen  Mary,  admitted 
in  1533  ;  John  Schepreve,  the  eulogist  of  Claymond  (see  p.  79, 
n.  i),  admitted  in  1528,  as  were  also  James  Brookes,  Master 
of  Balliol,  a  zealous  Roman  Catholic,  consecrated  Bishop  of 
Gloucester  in  the  beginning  of  Mary's  reign,  one  of  the  judges 
of  the  Protestant  martyrs,  and  a  commissioner,  under  Pole, 
for  the  visitation  of  the  University,  and,  lastly,  William 
Chedsey  or  Cheadsey,  another  zealous  Romanist,  who  became 
third  President ;  Richard  Martial,  Dean  of  Christ  Church, 
James  Curthopp,  Canon  of  Christ  Church  and  Dean  of 
Peterborough,  and  Richard  Pate,  Founder  of  the  Cheltenham 
Grammar  School,  all  admitted  in  1532  ;  Richard  Bartew  or 
Bertie,  who  married  Katherine,  Baroness  Willoughby  d'Eresby 
in  her  own  right,  the  widow  of  Charles  Brandon  Duke  of 
Suffolk,  and  who  was  father  of  Peregrine  Bertie,  and  ancestor, 
through  him,  of  the  Earls  of  Lindsey,  Dukes  of  Ancaster,  and 
Barons  Willoughby  d'Eresby  and  Rockingham,  as  well  as 
the  Earls  of  Abingdon,  admitted  in  1533  ;  William  Butcher, 
Bocher,  or  Boucher,  fourth  President,  George  Ederich,  Regius 
Professor  of  Greek,  and  John  Morwen  (Morenus),  a  celebrated 
theologian  and  classic,  all  admitted  in  15342;  and,  lastly, 
Thomas  Greenway  or  Greneway,  fifth  President,  our  oldest 

he  would  not  accept  a  Fellowship  in  any  other  College.    Bishop  Foxe  surmounted 
a  similar  difficulty  in  the  case  of  E.  Wotton,  in  the  same  manner. 

1  In  the  first  volume  of  the  College  Register,  there  is  a  copy  of  a  very  interesting 
letter  from  the  Founder  to  E.  Wotton,  constituting  him  '  socio  compar,'  and  per- 
mitting him  to  travel  in  Italy  for  three  years,  mainly  for  the  purpose  of  studying 
Greek,  after  which  time  he  was  to  return  to  the  College  and  lecture  in  Greek, 
Latin,  or  both,  as   might  seem  most  convenient  to  the  President  and  Seniors. 
There  are  some  interesting  details  about  Wotton  in  Wood's  Athense. 

2  In  these  dates,  I  follow  the  ecclesiastical  or  civil  year,  which,  up  to  Jan.  I, 
1752,  began  on  the  25th  of  March. 


PUBLIC  LECTURERS  AT  CORPUS.  87 

authority  on  the  life  of  Bishop  Foxe.  To  this  list  of  eminent 
men  on  the  foundation  we  may  add  the  name  of  Robert 
Pursglove,  last  Prior  of  Guisborough,  and  afterwards  Arch- 
deacon of  Nottingham  and  Suffragan  Bishop  of  Hull,  the 
inscription  on  whose  tomb  at  Tideswell  bears  witness  to  his 
connection  with  Corpus,  and,  perhaps,  also  that  of  Nicholas 
Heath,  Archbishop  of  York  and  Lord  Chancellor  to  Queen 
Mary,  whose  connection  with  Corpus,  however,  is  very 
doubtful1. 

Connected  with  Corpus,  though  whether  living  within  its 
walls  we  do  not  know,  were  Thomas  Lupset,  the  celebrated 
humanist,  and  Thomas  Moscroff  or  Musgrave,  Wolsey's 
Reader  in  Physic  and  afterwards  Commissary  of  the  Uni- 
versity (for  whom  see  Wood's  Fasti,  Pt.  I.  cols.  56,  7). 
Their  names  do  not  occur  in  any  contemporary  record  of  the 
College  (as  neither  indeed  do  those  of  Vives  or  Kratzer, 
though  these  are  included  in  Hegge's  Catalogue  (circa  1628 
or  earlier)),  but  we  have  the  early  evidence  of  Brian  Twyne 
that  they  were  both  of  them  lecturers  of  Corpus  or  that  they 
lectured  within  its  walls.  In  the  Collectanea  of  Miles  Windsor 
and  Brian  Twyne  (MS.  380  in  the  College  Library,  fol.  215  a), 
there  is  the  following  entry  : — 

'  Quatuor  publici  lectores  Cardinalitii  "\  Ludovicus  Vives 

I  Tho.  Lupsett 

Simul  in  Collegio  Corp.  Christi          f  Nich.  Cratcherus 

J  Tho.  MoscroffeV 

As  Wolsey's  College  was  not  yet  built,  or  even  founded,  the 
Lectures  must  have  been  given  in  Corpus,  an  inference  which 
agrees  with  the  tradition,  and  may  be  the  direct  meaning  of 
Twyne's  words.  Fulman,  in  the  Bodleian  MS.  Wood  D,  9, 
criticising  Wood's  account  of  C.  C.  C,  says  '  for  my  part,  I 
think  they '  (i.  e.  the  C.  C.  C.  lectures)  '  were  the  same '  as  the 
Wolsey  lectures  ;  '  for  Wolsey's  readers  were  there  lodged,  till 
he  had  built  his  Coll.,  and  Lud.  Vives  was  one  of  them.' 

1  See  Bliss'  ed.  of  Wood's  Athense,  vol.  ii.  col.  817,  Baker's  note. 

8  There  are  several  entries  with  reference  to  these  four  lecturers,  relating  to 
supplications  for  Degrees,  &c.,  in  the  Twyne  MSS.  in  the  University  Archives, 
vol.  xxiv.  pp.  405-413.  Moscroffe  is  said  (p.  412)  to  have  given  public  lectures  in 
Medicine  '  infra  Coll.  Corp.  Christi.' 


88  PUBLIC  LECTURERS  AT  CORPUS. 

The  connection  of  Lupset  with  the  College  is  attested  by 
a  still  earlier  authority  than  Twyne,  namely  by  Harpsfield 
(Hist.  Eccl.  Angl.  p.  644),  who,  in  1528,  being  then  a  school- 
boy at  Winchester  College,  attended  the  Founder's  funeral. 
He  enumerates  amongst  the  persons  'in  hanc  societatem 
allecti,'  Thomas  Lupset,  Richard  Pates,  subsequently  Bishop 
of  Worcester,  and  Cardinal  Pole,  and,  though  Lupset  was 
certainly  not  a  Fellow,  like  the  last  two,  Harpsfield's  testimony 
to  his  connexion  with  the  College,  in  some  capacity  or  other, 
may  be  regarded  as  almost  decisive1.  He  also  mentions, 
'among  the  Greek  readers  at  Corpus,  Clemens,  or  John  Clement, 
'  Clemens  meus'  of  Sir  Thomas  More,  and  tutor  to  his  daughter 
Margaret,  celebrated  alike  as  a  humanist  and  a  physician. 
Lupset  succeeded  Clement  in  1520,  and  seems  to  have  lectured 
in  both  tongues 2,  as  Clement  may  have  done  also.  Of  the 
four  lecturers  mentioned  by  Twyne,  Kratzer  no  doubt  lectured 
in  Mathematics,  and  Moscroffe  or  Musgrave  in  Medicine, 
while  Vives  probably  lectured  in  Rhetoric  or  Humanity  (i.  e. 
Latin),  and  Lupset  in  Greek  or  in  both  tongues.  The  subject 
of  these  early  Lecturers  has  always  been  obscure,  but  much 
of  the  difficulty  is  disposed  of,  if  we  regard  them  as  lecturing 
both  for  Foxe  and  Wolsey.  Possibly  the  supply  of  a  lecture- 
room  (doubtless  the  Hall),  and,  perhaps  also,  of  board  and 
lodging,  may  have  been  regarded  as  Foxe's  contribution  to 
their  support ;  for  in  the  Libri  Magni  (the  earliest  extant  of 

1  The  passage  in  Harpsfield  is  so  important  in  respect  to  the  history  of  the  early 
lectures  and  lecturers,  that  I  give  it  in  full :   '  Et  ne  deessent,  qui  in  hoc  quasi 
opimo  quodam  et  fecundo  bonarum  artium  agro  optima  semina  sererent,  celebrem 
ilium  Ludovicum  Vivem  Hispanum  hue  advocavit,  qui  Theologiam'  {probably 
Harpsfield  is  here  mistaken,  Vives  having  probably  lectured  in  Humanity,  and 
Morwent,  as  Vice-President,  in  default  of  any  special  Professor,   in  Theology) 
'  magna  cum  laude  magnoque  totius  Academise  fructu  professus  est ;  ob  res  vero 
mathematicas  insignem  ilium  Nicolaum  Crucherum '  (i.  e.  Kratzer) ;  '  prima  vero 
linguse  Grsecse  semina  jacta  sunt  per  Clementem,  Davidem  Edwardes,  et  Nicolaum 
(really  Edvardum)  Utton  (i.  e.  Wotton)  medicos.     Cujus  ibi  luculenter  egit  pro- 
fessorem,  cum  ego  primum  ad  Academiam  adventabam,  Nicolaus  (really  Johannes) 
Scheprevus.    In  hanc  societatem,  praeter  alios,  allecti  sunt  Thomas  Lupsetus  egregie 
eruditus,  Richardus  Paceus,'  &c.     Harpsfield  himself  became  Regius  Professor  of 
Greek  in  1546. 

2  See  a  passage  quoted  from  Sir  Thomas  More,  in  Wood's  Annals,  vol.  ii.  pt.  2. 
p.  838. 


MORWENT  S  PRESIDENCY.  89 

which  is  that  for  1521-2)  we  find  no  mention  of  these  names, 
though  they  contain  lists  of  payments  made  to  other  teachers, 
such  as  Wotton,  Edwards,  Udall,  &c.,  who  may  have  under- 
taken the  more  elementary  part  of  the  instruction. 

Lupset  is  brought  into  an  interesting  relation  with  the 
College  and  the  President  in  respect  of  the  purchase  from 
Linacre  of  some  of  Grocyn's  books.  In  Professor  Burrows' 
edition  of  Linacre's  Catalogue  of  the  books  belongingto  William 
Grocyn  (Oxf.  Hist.  Soc.  1890,  Collectanea,  pp.  328,  9),  there 
is  this  entry:  'Libri'  (including  works  of  Plotinus,  Proclus, 
Simplicius,  Ptolemy,  &c.)  '  traditi  Magistro  Thomae  Lupset 
pro  Collegio  Corporis  Christi  in  Oxonia,  pro  quibus  solvet 
Praesidens  pretium  quod  Magister  W.  Latimer  prescribed' 
These  books  were  bought  by  Claymond  for  the  College,  and  the 
entry,  if  it  does  not  show  that  Lupset  was  a  member  of  Corpus, 
at  least  proves  that  he  was  on  friendly  terms  with  Claymond 
and  a  persona  grata  to  the  other  members  of  the  society. 


Claymond  was  succeeded  by  Robert  Morwent,  also  a 
Magdalen  man,  who  had,  soon  after  the  foundation  of  the 
College,  been  constituted  '  sociis  compar'  (being,  by  his  oath, 
incapable  of  becoming  a  Fellow  of  any  other  College  than 
Magdalen)  and  perpetual  Vice-President  by  the  Founder 
himself.  In  the  Supplementary  Statutes  of  1527,  Bishop  Foxe 
nominated  Morwent  '  cujus  industriam,  fidem,  diligentiam  et 
summum  in  Collegium  studium  et  amorem  jam  multos  annos 
experti  sumus '  to  be  Claymond's  successor,  taking  the  pre- 
caution to  provide  that  this  act  should  not  be  drawn  into  a 
precedent.  Morwent  was  born  at  Harpery  near  Gloucester, 
in  what  year  we  do  not  know,  became  a  Fellow  of  Magdalen 
in  1510,  there  filled  various  offices,  such  as  Bursar,  Junior 
Dean,  &c.,  and  was  sworn  President  of  Corpus,  Nov.  26,  1537. 
His  practical  capacity  seems  to  be  placed  beyond  doubt,  but 
he  appears  to  have  been  rather  a  patron  of  learned  men 
than  a  learned  man  himself.  Laurence  Humfrey,  in  his  Life 
of  Jewel '  (p.  22),  says  of  him :  '  Propter  fidem  et  prudentiam 
in  rebus  gerendis  ad  hujus  domus  gubernacula  ascitus  est : 


90  ROBERT  MORWENT. 

Homo  non  tarn  ipse  doctrinse  laudibus  abundans,  quam  doc- 
torum  fautor  et  maecenas.'  It  was  in  this  character,  doubtless, 
that,  in  a  sermon  preached  before  the  University,  according  to 
A.  Wood J,  he  was  styled  '  pater  patriae  literatae  Oxoniensis.5 
Morwent  must  have  possessed  the  gift  of  pliancy  as  well  as 
prudence,  for  he  retained  the  Presidency  all  through  the 
troubled  times  that  intervened  between  1537  and  1558, covering 
the  latter  part  of  Henry  VIII's  reign,  and  the  reigns  of  Edward 
VI  and  Mary,  so  that,  besides  minor  compliances,  he  must, 
twice  at  least,  have  avowedly  changed  his  religion.  What  he 
would  have  done,  when  Elizabeth  ascended  the  throne,  we 
do  not  know,  for  he  died  opportunely  on  August  16,  1558, 
three  months  before  the  death  of  Queen  Mary.  I  have  not 
been  able  to  recover  many  personal  notices  of  him.  One 
there  is,  recorded  in  Mr.  Macray's  most  interesting  Annals  of 
the  Bodleian  Library  (and  ed.  p.  13),  which,  though  at  first 
sight  not  creditable  to  the  '  pater  patriae  literatse  Oxoniensis,' 
is  not  really  to  his  discredit  but  to  that  of  Edward  VI's  Com- 
missioners in  155°?  °f  whose  acts  the  work  of  Morwent  and 
his  colleagues  was  almost  the  necessary  sequel. 

'  One  solitary  entry  there  is,'  says  Mr.  Macray,  '  in  the  University 
Register  (i.  fol.  i57a),  which,  while  it  records  the  completion  of 
the  catastrophe  (i.  e.  the  destruction  of  the  University  Library), 
sufficiently  thereby  corroborates  the  story  of  all  that  preceded, 
namely,  the  entry  which  tells  that  in  Convocation  on  Jan.  25,  155^, 
"electi  sunt  hii  venerabiles  viri  Vice-Cancellarius  et  Procuratores, 
Magister  Morwent,  Praeses  Corporis  Christi,  et  Magister  Wright,  ad 
vendenda  subsellia  librorum  in  publica  Academiae  bibliotheca, 
ipsius  Universitatis  nomine."  The  books  of  the  public  library  had 
all  disappeared;  what  need  then  to  retain  the  shelves  and  stalls, 
when  no  one  thought  of  replacing  their  contents,  and  when  the 
University  could  turn  an  honest  penny  by  their  sale  ?  And  so  the 
venerabiles  viri  made  a  timber-yard  of  Duke  Humphrey's  treasure- 
house.' 

Morwent,  we  know,  was,  like  Brookes,  Bishop  of  Gloucester, 
also  a  Corpus  man,  nominated  on  Pole's  Commission  for 
visiting  the  University  in  1556.  One  of  the  matters  which 

1  Colleges  and  Halls,  p.  395. 


NTS  CHARACTER  AND  ADMINISTRATION.          91 

occupied  this  Commission  was  the  disinterment  of  Catherine, 
the  wife  of  Peter  Martyr,  who  had  been  buried  in  the  Cathedral, 
near  the  reliques  of  St.  Frideswide.  Fulman  quotes,  from  the 
'  Hist.  Exhumationis  et  Restitutions  Catharinae  Uxoris.  Pet. 
Mart.'  fol.  197  b,  printed  at  the  end  of  Conrad  Hubert's  Life 
of  Bucer  and  Fagius,  the  following  graphic  character  of 
Morwent :  '  Fuit  Morwennus  satis  annosus  pater,  et  parcus 
senex,  ad  rem  tuendam  paterfamilias  bonus :  ad  doctrinae  et 
religionis  controversias  vindicandas  judex  parum  aptus, 
acerrimus  tamen  vetustatis  suse  defensor1.'  Of  Morwent's 
committal  to  the  Fleet  I  shall  speak  hereafter2. 

There  is  a  pleasant  story  told  by  Laurence  Humfrey  of 
Jewel  (p.  22),  which  may  be  taken  as  illustrating  the  friendly 
feelings  subsisting  between  the  President  and  his  Under- 
graduates in  Jewel's  earlier  days  at  Corpus:  'Hie'  (Morwentus) 
'  cum  insignem  canem  haberet,  quo  valde  se  oblectabat  senex, 
Juellus  in  laudem  ejus  scripsit  versus  novo  anno  ineunte,  ita 
ut  omnes  et  carminis  venustatem,  et  ordinis  concinnitatem,  et 
in  re  tantilla  ingenii  ubertatem,  rerum  et  verborum  gratiam 
et  copiam  admirarentur.' 

We  are  peculiarly  fortunate  in  obtaining  a  glimpse  of  the 
interior  life  of  the  College  soon  after  the  commencement 
of  Morwent's  Presidency.  Laurence  Humfrey,  President 
of  Magdalen  and  Regius  Professor  of  Divinity,  in  his  Life  of 
Jewel,  has  given  us  a  graphic  and  tolerably  full  account  of 
Jewel's  academical  life,  and  especially  of  that  portion  of  it 
which  was  spent  within  the  walls  of  Corpus.  John  Jewel,  subse- 
quently Bishop  of  Salisbury,  the  most  illustrious  theologian, 
next  to  Richard  Hooker,  ever  connected  with  Corpus,  and  one 
of  the  most  distinguished  divines  of  the  Church  of  England  since 
the  Reformation,  came  up,  when  13  years  of  age,  to  Merton, 
where  he  held  a  Postmastership.  The  endowment  of  a  Post- 
mastership  was,  at  that  time,  apparently  slender,  nor  did  it, 
like  a  Scholarship  at  Corpus,  lead  to  a  Fellowship.  Hence, 

1  Wood  (Annals,  sub  1556)  tells  the  whole  story  of  the  exhnmation  and  two 
re-burials  of  Peter  Martyr's  wife,  and  reproduces,  though  hi  a  much  feebler  form, 
the  character  of  Morwent  given  in  the  text. 

2  See  p.  97. 


92     CONDITION  OF  THE  COLLEGE  IN  JEWEL'S  TIME. 

for  his  pecuniary,  as  well  as  his  educational  advancement,  his 
Merton  Tutors  were  anxious  to  place  him  at  Corpus.  But  it 
is  best  to  tell  the  story  in  the  quaint  words  of  Humfrey 
himself  (Life,  p.  31,  &c.) : 

'  Quadriennio  pene  integro  hie  confecto,  aliam  disetam  sortitus  est : 
ab  hac  enim  tenui  portiuncula  Mertonensium  ad  aliam  mensam  paulo 
lautiorem  vocatur.  Siquidem  anno  Domini  1539,  Augusti  19,  ipse 
jam  annum  agens  decimum  septimum,  hinc,  velut  optima?  spei 
novella  et  generosa  plantula,  desumptus  Collegio  quod  a  Corpore 
Christi  nomen  habet  inseritur,  Slatero,  Bumeo  et  Parkhursto  id  enixe 
petentibus,  quo  adhuc  indolis  et  naturae  prasstantiam  magis  ornaret, 
et  ampliorem  ingenii  cultum  capesseret.  Quippe 

'  Debile  principium  melior  fortuna  sequuta  est,' 

The  lectures,  disputations,  exercises,  and  examinations  pre- 
scribed by  the  Founder  seem  still  to  have  been  retained  in 
their  full  vigour 1,  though  it  is  curious  to  find  that  the  author 
with  whom  young  Jewel  was  most  familiar  was  Horace, 

1  And  yet  there  is  extant  a  copy  of  a  curious  document  of  1540,  being  a  Decree 
signed  by  the  President,  Officers,  and  Seven  Seniors,  from  which  it  might  be 
inferred  that  there  were  already  signs  that  the  pristine  discipline  was  beginning  to 
decay,  and  specially  that  the  Bachelors  were  beginning  to  '  shirk '  the  Greek 
repetitions,  and  the  Prselectors  to  leave  this  part  of  their  work*  to  their  deputies. 
The  Decree  partly  embodies  the  provisions  of  the  old  Statutes,  partly  adds  new 
provisions,  such  as  the  f  expositions '  and  '  narrations '  at  meals.  First,  the 
[Bachelors  were  bound  to  be  present  at  the  Greek  '  repetitions '  (which  appear  to 
have  been  examinations  in  the  work  gone  through  in  Lectures),  and  the  Readers, 
both  in  Latin  and  Greek,  were  bound  to  conduct  these  repetitions  themselves,  each, 
in  turn,  three  times  a  week,  beginning  at  eight  in  the  evening  and  going  on  for  at 
least  half  an  hour.  A  student  who  was  absent,  or  showed  contempt  for  the 
examination,  if  a  graduate,  was  to  be  deprived  of  commons,  if  an  undergraduate,  to 
be  punished  with  stripes.  Moreover,  lest  the  undergraduates  should  follow  the  bad 
example  of  the  bachelors,  it  is  enjoined  that  the  '  laudabiles  ac  diu  observatse  con- 
suetudines  Claimundi  (qui  primus  eas  instituit,  idemque  lectores  publicos  suis 
impensis  et  aluit  hactenus,  et  hodie  alit)  '  shall  henceforth  be  strictly  observed  at 
meals  by  all  undergraduate  members  of  the  College,  whether '  discipuli*  (scholars), 
'  scholares '  (probationary  fellows) ,  if  undergraduates,  or  '  convictores '  (com- 
moners). These  are  to  be  prepared  in  turn,  or  as  they  are  called  on,  to  expound 
(exponere,  i.  e.  translate  and  explain)  some  Latin  passage  at  dinner,  and  some 
Greek  passage  at  supper,  out  of  the  books  lectured  on  during  the  past  year.  '  Et 
ut  iidein  iisdem  temporibus  historiam  aliquam,  fabulam,  apologiam,  aut  aliud 

simile,  quod  lector  humanitatis  ....  assignaverit,  narrent In  pnedictis  vero  si 

quis  deliquerit,  idem  subeat  supplicium  quod  delinquentes  in  repetitionibus  praedictis.' 
These  provisions,  which  were  headed  '  De  Grsecis  et  Latinis  repetitionibus  et  de 
narrationibus  decreta/  were  to  apply  both  in  Oxford  and  the  country  (Witney). 


JEWELS  STUDIES  AND  HABITS.  93 

whose  works,  as  we  have  seen,  were  strangely  omitted  from 
the  list  of  Latin  books  recommended  in  the  original  statutes1. 
Jewel,  on  entering  the  College,  was  at  once  placed  in  the  first 
Logic  class,  where  he  made  rapid  progress,  soon  outstripping 
his  class-mates,  though  they  were  senior  to  him  in  age.  At 
dinner,  he  attracted  attention  by  his  recitations  and  declama- 
tions, and  his  exercises,  generally,  were  such  as  to  earn  the 
warm  approbation  of  the  President  and  other  authorities  of 
the  College.  His  industry  was  unintermitting.  He  rose  at 
four  in  the  morning  (one  hour  before  the  first  Mass),  went  to 
bed  'late'  (at  ten  o'clock),  and  often  spent  whole  days  in  the 
Library.  Under  these  incessant  labours  his  health  broke 
down,  for  his  body  was  feeble  and  his  food  was  too  simple  and 
'scholastic2.'  Plain  living,  I  may  remark  in  passing,  hard 
work  and  early  rising,  were  the  order  of  the  day  in  the  English 
Universities  during  the  first  half  of  the  sixteenth  century, 
before  they  became  a  common  resort  of  rich  men's  sons,  and 
while  strict  discipline  was  still  maintained  in  the  Colleges. 
During  an  attack  of  the  plague,  when  the  '  Somatochristiani ' 
(as  the  members  of  Corpus  were  then  commonly  called)  had 
retired  to  their  sanatorium  at  Witney,  he  suffered  so  much  from 
the  cold,  probably  from  want  of  a  bedroom,  as  to  contract  a 

1  And  yet,  as  already  mentioned,  there  are  in  the  College  Library,  presented  by 
the  Founder,  two  copies  of  Horace,  as  well  as  copies  of  Homer,  Herodotus  and 
Plato,  which  are  also  not  in  the  list  of  prescribed  books.      The  Homer  is  the 
Florentine  edition  of  1488,  the  Herodotus  the  Aldine  of  1502,  the  Plato  the  Aldine 
of  1513,  and  one  of  the  Horaces  a  Pannartz  published  at  Rome  in  1476. 

2  Cp.  Sir  Thomas  More's  address  to  his  children  after  the  resignation  of  his 
Chancellorship  :  '  By  my  counsel  it  shall  be  best  for  us  not  to  falle  to  the  lowest 
fare  at  first.     So  we  will  not  descend  to  Oxford  fare,  nor  to  the  fare  of  New  inn, 
but  we  will  begin  with  Lincoln's  inn  diet,  where  manie  right  worshipful  of  good 
years  doo  live  full  well.     Which,  if  we  the  first  year  find  not  ourselves  able  to 
maintaine,  then  will  we  the  next  yeare  stepp  one  foote  lower  to  New  inn  fare,  with 
which  manie  an  honest  man  is  contented.    If  that  also  exceed  our  abilitie,  then  we 
will  the  next  yeare  after  fall  to  Oxford  fare,  where  manie  grave  and  ancient  fathers 
be  continuellie  conversante  ;  which  if  our  power  stretch  not  to  maintaine,  then  may 
we,  like  poore  schollers  of  Oxforde,  goe  a  begging  with  our  bags  and  wallets,  and 
sing  Salve  Regina  at  rich  men's  doors.' 

I  have  quoted  this  passage  from  the  old  Life  given  in  Wordsworth's  Ecclesiastical 
Biography,  vol.  ii,  where  it  occurs  on  p.  82.  Wordsworth  adduces,  in  illustration 
of  the  Oxford  fare,  an  often-quoted  passage  from  a  sermon  preached  by  Thomas 
Lever  at  St.  Paul's  Cross  in  1550,  describing  the  fare  and  the  mode  of  life  of  the 
students,  at  that  time,  in  Cambridge. 


94          JEWEL  AS  A  TEACHER  AND  LECTURER. 

lameness  in  one  foot  which  caused  him  to  limp  for  the  rest 
of  his  life.  Truly,  we  may  exclaim,  in  those  days,  the  approach 
to  learning  was  by  no  easy  or  luxurious  path ! 

Jewel,  at  a  due  interval  after  proceeding  to  his  B.A.  Degree, 
began  to  take  pupils  both  in  his  chambers  and  in  the  public 
rooms  of  the  College,  a  position  not  quite  the  same  as  that  of  a 
modern  College  Tutor,  but  analogous  to  it.  The  ardent  student 
was  no  less  assiduous  in  the  discharge  of  his  duties  towards 
his  pupils  than  towards  himself.  They  not  only  attended 
lectures  or  received  private  lessons,  but  they  were  examined 
at  night  in  what  they  had  been  taught  in  the  morning,  and 
every  week  they  wrote  a  declamation,  while  they  were  con- 
stantly writing  or  reciting  something  in  prose  or  in  poetry. 
The  discipline  was  stern,  and  doubtless  effective.  'Ad  pce- 
nam  iratus  raro  aut  nunquam  accedebat,  sed  cum  Philosopho 
minitans,  Caederem  te  si  non  essem  commotior :  Vacuus  ira  et 
liber  affectibus,  lenius  aut  asperius,  levius  aut  durius,  pro  delicti 
ratione  quos  dilexit  castigabat.'  His  ideas  of '  recreation'  were 
very  different  from  ours,  and,  perhaps,  erred  as  much  in  defect 
as  ours  in  excess :  '  Nunquam  vero  se  magnopere  recreabat, 
nisi  ambulando,  set  et  turn  vel  secum  meditans,  vel  pueros 
docens,  vel  cum  aliis  Aristotelice  disputans.' 

At  length  (1548)  he  was  made  Reader  in  Latin  or  Humanity1 
(or,  as  it  is  styled  by  Humfrey,  Humanity  and  Rhetoric),  an 
office  which  he  held  during  the  remainder  of  his  residence  at 
Corpus,  and  Humfrey's  account  is  interesting  as  showing  that 
the  office  was  still,  as  the  Founder  intended  it  to  be,  of  the 
nature  of  a  University  Professorship  rather  than  a  College 
Lectureship.  For  members  of  other  Colleges  attended  his 
lectures,  which  were  partly  on  the  Orators,  partly  on  the  Poets. 
Amongst  the  auditors  were  Humfrey  himself,  and  even  his 
old  Merton  Tutor,  John  Parkhurst,  who  came  up  from  his 
country  rectory  purposely  to  hear  him.  When  Jewel's  lecture 
was  over,  Parkhurst,  after  a  hearty  greeting,  broke  out  into 
the  distich : 

'  Olim  discipulus  mihi,  care  Juelle,  fuisti, 
Nunc  ero  discipulus,  te  renuente,  tuus.' 

1  Fulman  MSS.,  vol.  xi,  in  alphabetical  list  of  names. 


DEC  A  Y  OF  LEARNING  IN  EDWARD'S  TIME.        95 

Parkhurst  was  now  Rector  of  Cleeve,  the  living  formerly 
held  by  Claymond,  and,  as  its  revenues  were  considerable,  he 
was  in  a  position  to  show  generosity  to  his  friends.  Jewel 
and  several  others  used  to  visit  him  once  or  twice  a  year,  and 
never  came  back  empty-handed.  The  following  anecdote 
gives  us  at  once  a  vivid  idea  of  Parkhurst's  liberality  and 
of  the  narrow  circumstances  of  the  recipients :  '  Jam  illis 
discessionem  parantibus,  Parkhurstus  in  cubiculum  eorum  in- 
gressus,  inspectis  crumenis,  Ecquid  nummorum,  inquit,  habent 
isti  miselli  et  mendicissimi  Oxonienses?  quas  cum  inanes 
et  pene  vacuas  invenisset,  pecunia  largiter  ingesta  et  injecta, 
eas  paulo  turgidiores  reddidit.' 

That  the  College  shared  in  the  general  decay  of  learning  *, 
which  accompanied  the  religious  troubles  of  Edward  VI's 
reign,  is  apparent  from  two  orations  delivered  by  Jewel :  one  on 
Dec.  33,  1552,  in  commemoration  of  the  Founder2;  the  other3 
probably  a  little  earlier,  being  a  sort  of  declamation  against 
rhetoric,  in  his  capacity  of  Reader  of  Latin.  In  the  latter 
oration,  he  contrasts  unfavourably  the  present  with  the  former 
state  of  the  University,  referring  its  degeneracy,  its  diminished 
influence,  and  its  waning  numbers,  to  the  excessive  cultivation 
of  rhetoric,  and  especially  of  the  works  of  Cicero,  'who  has  ex- 
tinguished the  light  and  glory  of  the  whole  University.'  In  the 
former,  and  probably  later,  oration,  he  deals  more  specifically 
with  the  College,  and  admonishes  its  members  to  wash  out,  by 
their  industry  and  application  to  study,  the  stain  on  their  once 
fair  name,  to  throw  off  their  lethargy,  to  recover  their  ancient 
dignity,  and  to  take  for  their  watchword  '  Studeamus.' 

On  the  death  of  Edward  VI  (July  6,  1553),  and  the 
undisputed  succession,  some  days  afterwards,  of  Queen  Mary, 
it  was  plain  that  the  position  of  Protestants  and  Catholics 
was  likely  to  be  reversed.  Nor  was  this  expectation  long  in 
being  fulfilled.  In  the  autumn  of  1553,  Stephen  Gardiner, 
Bishop  of  Winchester,  issued  a  commission  to  visit  New 

1  For  which  see  Wood's  Annals  from  1547  to  1552,  both  years  inclusive. 

2  The  substance  of  this  oration  is  given  in  Humfrey's  Life  of  Jewel,  pp.  45-49, 
and  also  in  the  Parker  Society's  edition  of  Jewel's  Works,  4th  Portion,  p.  1 304. 

3  This  oration  is  printed  in  the  Parker  Society's  edition  of  Jewel's  Works,  4th 
Portion,  p.  1283,  &c. 


96  JEWEL  DRIVEN  FROM  OXFORD. 

College,  Magdalen,  and  Corpus,  the  Colleges  which  were 
under  his  visitation,  and,  of  course,  the  Mass,  and  the  old 
order  of  things,  generally,  were  re-established.  Jewel  bent  to 
the  storm,  according  to  Wood1,  but  Humfrey  speaks  as  if 
he  waited  to  be  expelled  ('  Collegio  et  victu  suo  deturbatus/ 
'quod  Magdalenenses  domi  suae  perpessi  sunt,  id  ei  per  suos 
inflictum  est ').  Any  way,  he  was  permitted  to  make  a 
valedictory  address  to  his  class,  by  which,  according  to 
Humfrey,  he  extorted  tears  even  from  his  adversaries.  The 
concluding  words  of  this  oration  are  given  both  in  Humfrey's 
Life  (pp.  74-5),  and  in  the  Parker  Society's  Edition  of  Jewel's 
Works,  4th  Portion,  p.  1 292.  It  must  have  been  an  affecting 
scene,  when  Jewel  pronounced  the  last  words  of  all :  c  Hei 
mihi,  quando,  ut  cum  dolore  meo  dicturus  sim,  ut  dicendum 
est,  valeant  studia,  valeant  hsec  tecta,  valeat  sedes  cultissima 
literarum,  valeat  jucundissimus  conspectus  vestri,  valete  ju- 
venes,  valete  pueri,  valete  socii,  valete  fratres,  valete  oculi  mei, 
valete  omnes,  valete.'  Jewel  took  refuge  in  Broadgates  Hall, 
now  Pembroke  College,  the  head  of  which  was  a  friend  of  his, 
and  there  continued  to  lecture  many  of  his  former  pupils, 
though  now  in  a  private,  no  longer  in  a  public,  capacity.  He 
did  not,  however,  long  remain  there,  but  had  to  take  refuge 
on  the  Continent,  at  which  point  in  his  history  the  story  of 
his  life  ceases  to  be  pertinent  to  our  present  object.  It  may 
be  mentioned,  to  Morwent's  credit,  that  he  is  said  to  have 
regretted  Jewel's  departure  and  the  share  which  he  had 
himself  been  instigated  to  take  in  his  expulsion. 

Several  members  of  the  College  besides  Jewel  seem  to 
have  been  expelled,  or  to  have  anticipated  expulsion  by 
resignation.  To  the  junior  members  of  the  College  who 
refused  to  conform  to  the  Catholic  ritual,  or  shewed,  in  any 
way,  their  adhesion  to  Protestantism,  minor  punishments 
were  also  dealt  out.  Thus  Edward  Anne,  a  Scholar  (in  his 
nineteenth  year),  had  written  a  copy  of  verses  against  the 
Mass,  of  which  twenty-four  lines  are  given,  as  a  specimen,  by 
Humfrey.  The  act  was  undoubtedly  a  bold  one,  for  they 
were  written  after  the  Mass  had  been  already  re-established. 
1  Wood's  Annals,  su^  1553. 


RELIGIOUS  CHANGES  IN  EDWARD'S  TIME.         97 

But  the  youthful  poet  and  zealot  was  made  to  smart  for  having 
the  courage  of  his  opinions.  Mr.  Walshe,  the  Dean  of  the 
College,  inflicted  a  public  flogging  on  him  in  the  College  Hall, 
laying  on  a  stripe  for  every  line,  and  as  the  lines  were  probably 
numerous,  and  Mr.  Walshe  was  a  zealous  Catholic,  the  youth's 
fortitude  must  have  been  sorely  tried  *.  He  afterwards  left  the 
College  without  becoming  a  Fellow,  but  whether  voluntarily 
or  by  compulsion  we  do  not  know. 

One  of  the  most  interesting  circumstances  connected  with 
Morwent's  Presidency  is  the  fact  that  he  and  a  large  number, 
probably  a  majority,  of  the  Fellows  were,  all  through  Edward's 
reign,  secret  adherents  of  the  Roman  Catholic  religion.  Not- 
withstanding that  he  had  been  even  forward  to  embrace  the 
profession  of  the  Reformed  Faith  on  the  accession  of  Edward 2, 
he  was  summoned  before  the  Council,  together  with  two  of 
the  Fellows,  Walshe  and  Allen,  on  May  31,  1552,  'for  using 
upon  Corpus  Christi  day  other  service  than  was  appointed  by 
the  "Book  of  Service."'  On  June  15,  they  were  committed 
to  the  Fleet.  'And  a  letter  was  sent  to  the  College,  to 
appoint  Jewel  to  govern  the  College  during  the  imprisonment 
of  the  President.'  'July  17,  the  Warden  of  the  Fleet  was 
ordered  to  release  the  President  of  Corpus  Christi,  upon  his 
being  bound  in  a  bond  of  ^200  to  appear  next  term  before 
the  Council.  Allen,  upon  his  conforming  to  the  King's 
orders,  was  restored  to  his  Fellowship  3.' 

Shortly  after  the  accession  of  Mary,  when  Bp.  Gardiner's 
commission  visited  the  College,  the  President  and  Walshe 
boasted  that,  throughout  the  time  of  King  Edward,  they  had 
carefully  secreted  and  preserved  all  the  Ornaments,  Vessels, 
Copes,  Cushions,  Plate,  Candlesticks,  &c.,  which,  in  the  reign 
of  Henry  the  Eighth,  had  been  used  for  the  Catholic  service. 
'In  what  condition/  says  Wood4,  'they  found  that  College 
was  such  as  if  no  Reformation  at  all  had  been  there.  So 

1  It  is  somewhat  ridiculous,  however,  to  find  this  boy's  whipping,  for  an  act 
which  was  undoubtedly   a  wilful   and   gratuitous  provocation   to  the   College 
authorities,  included  in  Foxe's  Acts  of  Martyrs. 

2  See  Wood's  Annals,  sub  1547. 

3  Strype's  Memorials,  Bk.  ii.  ch.  18. 
*  Annals,  sub  1553. 

H 


98    CONCEALMENT  OF  VESSELS  AND   VESTMENTS. 

zealous  were  many  of  the  Catholics  (of  whom  Mr.  Robert 
Harrison  was  one)  to  promote  and  re-establish  their  religion, 
that  they  omitted  nothing  that  might  seem  favourable  to  the 
Visitors'  eyes.  Those  yesterday  that  had  visibly  nothing,  the 
next  wanted  nothing  for  the  celebration  of  the  Mass,  all 
utensils  required  for  it  being  ready  at  hand.  JTis  said  that 
when  Pet.  Martyr,  who  was  now  leaving  Oxford,  heard  the 
little  bell  ring  to  Mass  *,  he  sighed  and  said  that  '  that  bell 
would  destroy  all  the  doctrine  in  that  College,  which  he 
before  had  through  his  and  Jewel's  labours  planted  therein ' 
{or,  as  it  is  put  more  tersely  by  Humfrey,  '  Haec  una  Nolula 
omnem  meam  doctrinam  evertit ').  It  was  on  the  occasion  of 
the  visitation  of  this  commission,  as  Wood  says,  or  on  some 
more  private  occasion  when  Walshe  was  boasting  of  the 
vessels  and  vestments  which  had  been  so  cunningly  concealed, 
as  Humfrey  seems  to  imply,  that  Wright,  Archdeacon  of 
Oxford,  one  of  the  Commissioners,  referring  to  Jewel,  who 
had  been  recently  expelled,  said  that,  though  they  had  suc- 
ceeded in  preserving  all  this  treasure,  they  had  thrown  away 
a  jewel  more  precious  than  it  all. 

There  is  perhaps  some  exaggeration  in  the  account  given 
by  Wood  (after  Humfrey)  of  the  amount  of  sacred  furniture, 
vessels,  and  vestments  preserved  in  Corpus  during  Edward's 
reign,  but  that  the  stock  of  them  was  very  large  there  can  be 
no  doubt.  And  there  is  good  evidence  that  much  of  it  was 
in  the  possession  of  the  College,  not  only,  as  we  shall  see 
presently,  in  the  eighth  year  of  Elizabeth,  but  at  a  much  later 
period. 

In  a  work  entitled  Desiderata  Curiosa2  by  Francis  Peck, 
London,  1735  (Vol.  II.  p.  33),  a  document,  dated  Jan.  19, 
1646,  is  reproduced  in  which  Capt.  James  Wadsworth,  for- 
merly a  Roman  Catholic,  gives  information  to  the  House  of 
Lords :  '  i.  that  there  are  divers  Reliques  of  Superstition 
and  Popery  of  a  very  considerable  value  in  the  power  and 
custody  of  the  Presidents  and  Fellows  (sic)  of  Christ  Church 

1  To  '  evening  prayers '  (vespers),  Humfrey. 

2  I  am  indebted  to  Mr.  C.  H.  Firth,  of  Balliol  College,  for  directing  my  attention 
to  Peck's  work. 


SECRET  ROMANISM  IN  THE  COLLEGE.  99 

and  Corpus  Christi  Colleges  in  Oxford.  And  in  many  other 
places  in  the  Kingdom.  2.  Therefore  it  is  humbly  desired 
that  a  Warrant  may  be  signed  for  the  seizing  upon  and 
securing  all  Popish  Priests  and  Jesuits,  and  all  such  Popish 
Reliques  and  Massinge  Stuffe  to  bee  disposed  of  as  to  this 
Honourable  House  shall  seeme  meete.'  What  the  result  of 
this  'information'  may  have  been  I  do  not  know,  but  the 
large  stock  of  vestments,  at  least,  if  not  some  of  the  vessels 
and  other  furniture,  must  have  been  sold  or  made  away  with 
during  the  Parliamentary  period  or  the  Protectorate  ;  for,  soon 
after  the  Restoration  (but  I  will  reserve  the  account  of  this 
matter  till  we  come  to  that  time),  we  hear  of  an  almost 
incredible  amount  of  vestments  as  having  then  belonged  to 
the  College.  At  present,  a  few  fragments,  representing 
pelicans,  pieced  together  in  the  cover  for  a  Puritan  Com- 
munion Table,  are  the  only  representatives  of  this  large 
collection.  The  only  articles  of  sacred  plate  that  still  exist 
are  the  exquisite  crosier  of  Bishop  Foxe.  and  his  matchless 
chalice  and  paten  of  pure  gold.  For  there  is  good  reason  to 
suppose  that  all  the  remaining  plate  of  the  pre-Reformation 
period  (besides  the  beautiful  Renaissance  salt  of  Queen  Mary's 
time)  was  designed  for  secular  uses. 

The  leaven  of  secret  Romanism  continued  to  work  in  the 
College  long  after  the  Reformation  was  definitely  settled, — 
certainly  throughout  the  reign  of  Elizabeth  and  not  im- 
probably throughout  the  whole  or  the  greater  part  of  the  two 
earlier  Stuart  reigns. 

Returning  to  the  general  history  of  the  College,  it  would 
seem  that  the  visitation  of  Edward  VI's  Commissioners  in 
1549  and  following  years  passed  more  lightly  over  Corpus 
than  many  of  its  neighbours.  At  least  they  did  not  make  the 
same  havoc  with  the  library  as  at  New  College,  Merton,  and 
several  other  Colleges,  and  the  plate  and  vestments  escaped 
them,  though,  as  we  shall  see  presently,  by  skilful,  if  not 
fraudulent,  concealment.  Nor  does  there  seem  to  have  been 
much  change  in  the  personnel  of  the  College,  though,  owing 
to  the  influence,  according  to  Wood,  of  Dr.  Cox,  who  was  the 
leading  Commissioner,  one  Cartwright,  a  Nottinghamshire 

H  2 


100  MORWENT'S  BENEFACTIONS. 

man,    and,    therefore,    not    eligible,    was    intruded    into    a 
Scholarship. 

In  or  about  the  year  1551,  an  important  interpretation  of 
the  Statutes  was  given  by  John  Poynet,  Bishop  of  Winchester 
and  Visitor,  which  was  afterwards  (1562)  repeated  by  Bishop 
Home,  and  remained  in  full  vigour  till  the  abolition  of  the 
old  Statutes  in  1855.  As  the  Mass  had  been  abolished, 
a  question  was  raised  whether  it  was  any  longer,  necessary 
for  the  Fellows  to  assume  Holy  Orders.  Bishop  Poynet 
regarded  the  matter  as  '  most  plain/  and  decided  that  the 
words  of  the  Statute  '  evidently  shew  that  it  is  your  Founder's 
mind  to  have  all  the  Fellows  of  your  House,  saving  the  student 
in  physic,  after  certain  years,  to  prepare  themselves  ad  minis- 
terium  Dominicum,  which  is,  as  you  know,  pr<zdicatio  verbi  et 
ministratio  sacramentorum  Domini ';  which  ministry  remain, 
though  massing  be  gone  ;  so  that,  though  ye  be  discharged  of 
massing,  yet  ye  be  not  discharged  a  ministerio  Dominico' 

Morwent,  as  we  have  seen,  died  on  August  16,  1558.  He 
devised  to  the  College  lands  in  Cowley  and  Horsepath  (Oxon), 
and  Duntesbourne  Rouse  in  Gloucestershire,  besides  the  ad- 
vowsons  of  Duntesbourne  Rouse  and  of  Lower  Heyford,  or 
Heyford  ad  Pontem,  in  Oxfordshire.  He  also  devised  certain 
lands  in  Rewley  Meads,  on  condition  of  a  perpetual  weekly 
dole,  but  it  was  said  that  these  lands  had  been  purchased 
with  money  entrusted  to  him  by  Claymond  for  the  purposes 
of  the  College.  From  Morwent  are  derived  the  beautiful 
silver-gilt  ale-cup  with  cover  (1533)  and  Renaissance  salt 
(I555)«  He  also  bequeathed  a  '  dozen  spoons  with  slypps.' 
Are  these  the  spoons  usually  included  in  the  Founder's  plate, 
six  of  which,  with  owls,  bear  the  hall-mark  of  1506,  and  six, 
with  balls,  that  of  1516?  Even  if  these  are  identical  with 
those  bequeathed  by  Morwent,  they  may  still  have  belonged 
to  the  Founder  and  either  have  been  given  to  Morwent  or 
bought  by  him. 

With  the  notable  exception  of  Jewel,  the  roll  of  eminent 
men  admitted  into  Corpus  during  Morwent's  Presidency  is 
not  a  distinguished  one.  The  following,  given  in  chrono- 
logical order,  may  be  enumerated :  Giles  Lawrence,  Regius 


i  .7 


NICHOLAS   WADHAM.  IOI 

Professor  of  Greek  (1539),  admitted  on  the  same  day  as 
Jewel ;  Richard  Edwards,  a  poet,  musician,  and  comedian 
(1540) 1;  William  Cole,  afterwards  President  and  subsequently 
Dean  of  Lincoln,  of  whom  we  shall  presently  have  much  to 
say  (1545);  and  Miles  Windsor,  one  of  the  earliest  of  the 
Oxford  antiquaries  (1556-7). 

Nicholas  Wadham,  the  founder  of  Wadham,  is  said  by 
Antony  Wood,  in  his  account  of  that  College  given  in  the 
History  and  Antiquities  of  the  Colleges  and  Halls,  to  have 
been  sometime  a  Commoner  of  C.  C.  C.  or  Ch.  Ch.,  and 
Fulman,  Vol.  X.  fol.  45  b,  puts  the  query,  'An  nostri 
Collegii  Commensalis  aliquando  fuerit?'  The  prominence 
given  to  the  Pelican  on  the  College  buildings,  and  the 
similarity  of  the  Wadham  Statutes  to  those  of  Corpus 
would  seem  to  favour  the  alternative  that  he  belonged  to 
Corpus.  And  it  might  appear  as  if  the  question  were 
definitely  settled  by  the  circumstance  that  in  a  copy  of  the 
Wadham  Statutes,  for  the  use  of  the  Subwarden,  but  now 
in  the  custody  of  the  Warden,  there  is  a  short  life  of 
Nicholas  Wadham,  composed  or  copied,  but  any  way 
signed,  by  one  Nathaniel  Whally  (Subwarden  in  1668-9), 
in  which  the  following  sentence  occurs :  '  Nicholaus  Wad- 
ham  ...  in  literis  educatus  Oxonii  Coll.  C.  C.  ad  tempus 
Commensalis;  unde  discessit  et  vitam  aulicam  {i.e.  court- 
life)  aliquantisper  ingressus  est.'  Whally  matriculated  in 
1654,  and  Dorothy  Wadham  died  in  1618,  so  that  he 
must  have  had  good  opportunity  of  learning  the  facts  of 
Nicholas  Wadham's  life  from  contemporaries  of  him  and  his 
wife.  But,  in  Wood's  Life  and  Times,  recently  edited  by 
Mr.  Andrew  Clark,  Vol.  II.  p.  256,  there  is  the  following 
counter-evidence:  'Dr.  (William)  Boswell  (scholar  of  Wad- 
ham  at  its  foundation)  told  me  that  Nicholas  Wadham  was 
of  Ch.  Ch.,  and  lodged  in  those  lodgings  that  are  now 
Dr.  (Edward)  Pocock's  (but  then  I  believe  Dr.  (John) 

1  A  play  by  Edwards,  Palsemon  and  Arcyte,  was  acted  before  Queen  Elizabeth 
in  Christ  Church  Hall,  on  her  visit  to  Oxford  in  1566.  She  gave  the  author  great 
thanks  for  his  pains,  as  also  on  another  evening,  when  the  remainder  of  the  play 
was  acted.  Edwards'  name  occurs  frequently  in  Wood's  account  of  Queen  Eliza- 
beth's visit  (Annals,  sub  1566). 


102  PRESIDENCY  OF  WILLIAM  CHEADSEY. 

Kennall's),  but,  the  said  Dr.  Kennall  refusing  to  take  any- 
rent,  Wadham  gave  him  a  parsonage,  as  'tis  said,  in  Somer- 
setshire.' As  regards  negative  evidence,  Wadham's  name 
does  not  occur  on  the  books  of  either  Ch.  Ch.  or  Corpus, 
but  the  record  of  gentlemen-commoners  at  Corpus  in  the 
middle  of  the  sixteenth  century  has  perished,  whereas  Mr. 
Vere  Bayne  informs  me  that  a  complete  list  of  the  names 
of  the  gentlemen-commoners  and  commoners  at  Ch.  Ch. 
at  this  period,  is  still  to  be  found  in  the  College  books.  I 
incline,  therefore,  to  the  opinion  that  young  Wadham  simply 
lodged  in  Dr.  Kennall's  house,  with  possibly  his  tutor  and 
servant,  a  practice  not  uncommon  in  those  days,  but  did  not 
become  a  member  of  the  College,  and  that  he  afterwards 
entered  Corpus  as  a  gentleman-commoner.  If  this  supposition 
be  right,  he  was  probably  an  Undergraduate  during  Morwent's 
Presidency.  For,  though  there  seems  to  be  no  record  of  the 
date  of  his  birth,  we  know  that  his  widow,  Dorothy,  died  in 
1618,  act.  84,  so  that,  if  he  was  about  the  same  age  as  his  wife, 
he  would  probably  commence  his  University  life  about  1550. 


Morwent  was  succeeded  by  William  Cheadsey,  Chedsey, 
or  Chadsey,  who  was  born  in  1510,  and  was  elected  Somerset- 
shire Scholar  of  Corpus,  March  16,  152!,  and  Probationary 
Fellow,  Oct.  13,  1531.  About  1542,  he  was  appointed 
Chaplain  to  Bonner,  Bishop  of  London,  who  seems,  hence- 
forth, to  have  become  his  constant  friend  and  patron.  In 
1549,  he  took  part,  together  with  Tresham  and  Morgan,  in  the 
famous  disputation  with  Peter  Martyr,  on  the  doctrine  of  the 
Eucharist,  held,  in  the  presence  of  certain  Royal  Commissioners, 
in  the  Oxford  Divinity  Schools.  After  Somerset's  disgrace, 
the  Romanists,  according  to  Strype  {Memorials  of  Abp. 
Cranmer,  Bk.  II.  Ch.  21),  grew  very  bold  : 

'  To  stay  these  men,  the  Council,  as  they  had  proceeded  before 
against  some  Popish  Bishops,  so  they  thought  fit  to  use  some  rigours 
towards  others  noted  to  be  the  forwardest  men.  One  of  these  was 
Dr.  Chedsey,  who  was  one  of  the  Disputants  against  P.  Martyr,  the 
King's  Professor.  He  took  now  upon  him  to  preach  openly  at 


HIS  FAME  AS  A  DISPUTANT  AND  PREACHER.     103 

Oxford  against  the  steps  of  the  Reformation  that  were  made  and 
making.  Whereupon,  March  16  <i55f),  he  was  committed  to  the 
Marshalsea  for  seditious  preaching.  Where  he  lay  till  November 
the  nth.  1551.  And  then  he  was  ordered  to  be  brought  to  the 
Bishop  of  Ely's,  where  he  enjoyed  his  table,  and  an  easier  restraint.' 

In  the  beginning  of  Mary's  reign,  he  was  made  Canon  of 
Windsor,  and,  at  various  periods,  through  the  patronage, 
apparently,  direct  or  indirect,  of  Bonner,  he  was  preferred  to  the 
Archdeaconry  of  Middlesex,  a  Prebend  of  St.  Paul's,  a  Canonry 
at  Christ  Church,  the  Rectory  of  All  Hallows,  Bread  St.,  and 
the  Vicarage  of  Shottesbrooke  in  the  Diocese  of  Salisbury. 
He  also  at  one  time  held  the  College  Living  of  West  Hendred. 

Cheadsey  had  a  great  reputation  as  a  disputant  in  the 
Schools.  Leland  (Cygnea  Cantio)  speaks  of  '  Cheadsegus 
resonse  scholae  columna.'  Besides,  as  we  have  seen,  being 
pitted  against  Peter  Martyr,  he  also  occupied  the  position 
of  first  opponent  in  the  disputations  with  Cranmer  at  Oxford 
in  1554,  disputed,  in  1553  anc^  I555>  against  Philpot,  Arch- 
deacon of  Winchester,  and  was  amongst  the  representatives 
selected  to  do  battle  for  the  old  faith  at  the  beginning  of  the 
reign  of  Elizabeth.  He  was  also  a  preacher.  Wood  mentions 
a  sermon  on  Matthew  xxii.  15,  preached  by  him  at  Paul's 
Cross,  and  printed  in  1545.  But  probably  the  most  notable 
sermon  which  Cheadsey  ever  preached  was  that  of  which  we 
read  in  Stow's  Annals,  sub  1554 l : 

'The  28  of  November,  the  Lord  Mayor  of  London,  with  the 
aldermen  in  scarlet,  and  the  commons  in  their  liveries,  assembled 
in  Paule's  churche,  at  nine  of  the  clocke  in  the  forenoon,  where 
Doctoure  Chadsey,  one  of  the  Prebendes,  preached  in  the  quire,  in 
presence  of  the  Bishoppe  of  London,  and  nine  other  Bishoppes,  and 
read  a  letter  sent  from  the  Queene's  Counsell,  the  tenour  whereof 
was,  that  the  Byshoppe  of  London  should  cause  Te  Deum  to 
be  sung  in  all  the  Churches  of  hys  Diocesse,  wyth  continuall 
prayers  for  the  Queene's  Majestie,  whiche  was  conceyved  and  quicke 
with  chylde :  the  letter  being  read,  he  beganne  his  Sermon  with  this 
Antitheme :  Ne  ttmeas,  Maria,  invenisti  enim  gratiam  apud  Deum. 

1  I  am  indebted  for  my  knowledge  of  this  reference  to  the  article  in  the  Dic- 
tionary of  National  Biography.  The  rest  of  my  account  of  Cheadsey  was  written 
before  that  article  appeared. 


104  CHEADSEY' S  EJECTION. 

His  sermon  being  ended,  Te  Deum  was  sung,  and  solemne  procession 
was  made  of  Salve  festa  dies,  all  the  circuit  of  the  churche.' 

On  Sept  8,  1558,  Cheadsey  was  elected,  and  on  Sept.  15 
admitted,  to  the  Presidency  of  Corpus.  But,  as  had  been  the 
case  with  Edward  VI  and  Queen  Mary,  Elizabeth  had  not 
been  long  on  the  throne,  before  she  issued  a  Royal  Com- 
mission to  enquire  into  and  reform  the  state  of  the  University. 
The  Commission  was  issued  about  the  end  of  June  i559>  and 
Cheadsey's  successor  was  admitted  on  Dec.  15,  so  that  it  was 
probably  in  the  latter  part  of  the  autumn  that  he  was  ejected 
from  the  Headship.  George  Etheridge,  Regius  Professor  of 
Greek,  and  then  or  formerly  Fellow  of  C.  C.  C.,  was  ejected 
the  same  year,  and,  apparently  in  the  next  year,  two  other 
Fellows  of  the  College  of  less  note,  William  Shepreve  and 
James  Fenn.  As  the  proceedings  of  this  Commission  are 
described  as  very  moderate,  the  ground  of  ejection  must  have 
been  the  refusal  to  take  the  Oath  of  Supremacy. 

Cheadsey  was  stripped  of  his  Canonry  at  Ch.  Ch.  as  well 
as  of  his  Headship,  and  indeed  of  all  his  many  preferments. 
He  was  thrown  into  the  Fleet,  where,  according  to  Fulman 
as  well  as  Wood  (in  the  Annals  and  Antiquities  of  the  Colleges 
and  Halls),  he  died  soon  afterwards.  But,  according  to  Wood's 
account  given  in  his  Life  of  Cheadsey  in  the  Athenae  Oxoni- 
enses,  he  was  still  alive  in  1574.  'In  my  searches  into  obscure 
writings1,  I  find  that  one  John  Jones,  a  priest,  living  at,  or 
near,  Thame  in  Oxfordshire,  did  by  his  last  will  dated  27  of 
Aug.  and  proved  the  i6th  of  Oct.  following,  .an.  1574, 
bequeath  to  Dr.  Cheadsey  twenty  shillings.  By  which  it 
appears  that  he  was  then  living,  but  where  I  find  not,  nor 
when  he  died.' 

In  a  decree  of  the  Visitor  (John  White,  Bishop  of  Win- 
chester), dated  Feb.  23,  155!,  three  doubtful  points  in  the 
Statutes  were  resolved  by  enacting  (i)  that,  wherever  the 
words  'Prior  and  Convent'  occur  in  the  Statutes,  they  shall 
be  taken  as  applying  to  the  new  Dean  and  Chapter  of  Win- 
chester ;  (2)  that  the  '  Medicinae  deputatus '  shall  be  elected, 
like  the  College  officers,  by  the  President  and  seven  seniors  ; 
1  In  this  instance,  a  book  of  Wills  ia  the  Oxford  registry. 


VISITOR'S  DECREES. 


105 


(3)  that  the  President,  when  preaching  at  St.  Paul's,  St.  Mary 
Spital,  or  Westminster,  shall  have  the  same  privilege  of  ten 
days'  absence  which  is,  under  like  circumstances,  conceded 
to  a  Fellow. 

The  only  person,  in  any  way  noteworthy,  admitted  on  the 
Foundation  during  Cheadsey's  Presidentship,  was  Simon 
Tripp,  of  whose  letters  I  shall  have  to  speak  presently,  when 
I  come  to  the  time  of  Dr.  Cole. 


CHAPTER  V. 

THE  ELIZABETHAN  ERA. 

ON  Dec.  15,  1559,  William  Butcher,  Bocher,  or  Boucher 
was  nominally  elected  to  the  Presidentship,  but  really  appointed 
by  the  Commissioners.  His  admission  is  formally  recorded  in 
the  Register,  and  sets  forth  that  he  was  admitted  by  Dr. 
Wright,  Archdeacon  of  Oxford,  one  of  the  Royal  Commissioners 
(who,  it  may  be  noticed,  had,  only  six  years  before,  visited 
the  College  in  the  capacity  of  one  of  Queen  Mary's  Com- 
missioners), after  he  had  been  duly  elected  by  the  Fellows  in 
virtue  of  letters  sent  by  Richard  Cox,  Bishop  elect  of  Ely, 
and  Sir  John  Mason,  Knight. 

Boucher  was,  like  Cheadsey,  a  Somersetshire  man,  was  born 
about  Christmas  Day,  1516,  was  admitted  Scholar  on  Nov.  n, 
1534,  and  Probationary  Fellow  on  March  26,  1539.  The 
choice  of  the  Commissioners  was  not  a  happy  one.  He  seems 
to  have  been  an  entirely  undistinguished  man,  and,  in  that 
respect,  was  a  great  contrast  to  the  first  three  Presidents, 
especially  the  first  and  third.  And  he  seems  to  have  yielded 
to  the  natural  temptation  of  inferior  men,  who  have  no  higher 
interest  or  ambition  than  self-aggrandizement,  by  attempting 
to  enrich  himself  at  the  expense  of  the  College.  According 
to  Fulman,  a  Visitation  of  the  College  was  held  by  Robert 
Home,  Bp.  of  Winchester,  in  1561,  and  Boucher  was  then 
impeached  for  not  delivering  the  Fines  of  Copyholds,  which 
he  sought  to  appropriate  to  himself,  there  being  no  statutable 
justification  for  such  a  course.  A  few  months  after  this 
Visitation,  Dec.  13,  1561,  he  resigned,  for  reasons  doubtless 
connected  with  it,  though  of  the  special  circumstances  which 


PRESIDENCY  OF  WILLIAM  BOUCHER.  107 

moved  him  to  retire  we  are  ignorant1.  Soon  after  his  appoint- 
ment to  the  Presidency,  he  was  promised  (Jan.  3,  15^0) 
the  next  presentation  to  the  Rectory  of  Heyford,  which, 
however,  he  relinquished  on  accepting  the  Rectory  of  Duntes- 
bourne  Rouse,  May  20,  1560.  To  this  living  he  retired  on 
his  cession  of  the  Presidentship,  and  there  lived  in  great 
obscurity  till  his  death  in  1585.  '  Recessit  autem,'  says 
Fulman,  'ad  pauperculam  Rectoriam  de  Dunsburn  Militis 
juxta  Corinium  in  agro  Glocestrensi,  ubi  et  obscurus  con- 
senuit.  Mortuus  tandem  Octobri  exeunte,  Anno  MDLXXXV. 
Ibidem  sepultus,  Novembris  primo.' 

We  happen  to  obtain  a  curious  insight  into  Boucher's  life  at 
Duntesbourne  through  an  amusing,  though  over-elaborated, 
dialogue  written  by  a  young  Fellow  of  Corpus,  named  Nicholas 
Morice,  some  time  between  1577  and  I5852.  The  dialogue 
is  entitled  '  Dialogus  de  lustratione  Geitonica,  qui  inscribitur 
Nuttus,'  Nutt  being  the  name  of  one  of  his  friends  among 
the  Fellows,  for  whose  amusement  the  account  of  the  journey 
professes  to  be  written.  The  writer  is  animated  with  a  strong 
antipathy  to  Cole,  the  existing  President,  with  whom  he  and 
others  were  travelling,  for  the  purpose  of  holding  manorial 
courts.  Moreover,  the  description  of  Boucher  is  doubtless 
tainted  with  a  certain  amount  of  scornfulness  and  youthful 
insolence,  but  it  affords  so  vivid  a  picture  of  .the  manners  of 
the  times  and  of  Collegiate  relations,  though  hardly  of  the 
pleasantest  side  of  them,  that  I  have  not  hesitated  to  in- 
corporate it  in  full3: 

1  There  is  an  almost  illegible  paper,  written  in  faded  ink,  inserted  in  Windsor 
and  Twyne's  Collectanea,  fol.  214  b  (MS.  280  in  Coll.  Library),  in  which  Miles 
Windsor  says  that  Boucher  was  impeached  for  not  delivering  over  such  fines  as 
might  come  unto  his  hands,  and  that  afterwards  '  hee  did  voluntarilie  yield  upp 
his  office  and  departed  from  the  house.' 

2  The  Dialogue  must  have  been  written  some  time  between  March  15,  15  7^, 
when  Morice  became  an  Actual  Fellow  (for  he  could  hardly  have  gone  on  '  Pro- 
gress' before),  and  the  end  of  October,  1585,  the  date  of  Boucher's  death.     When 
I  come  to  speak  of  it  more  at  length,  under  Cole's  Presidency,  I  shall  give  reasons 
for  confining  its  composition  within  still  narrower  limits,  namely,  1582  and  1585. 

3  It  occupies  four  pages  of  the  Dialogue,  25b-2?  b.     The  passage  about  the 
'  Copies '  {Copy-holds),  and  the  burning  interest  taken  in  the  question,  may  be 
illustrated  by  some  sentences  which  occur  a  little  before  the  passage  extracted,  on 
25  a :  '  Docebant  enim '  (namely,  some  letters  which  Cole  had  placed  in  his  hands 


108    BOUCHER  IN  RETIREMENT  AT  DUNTESBOURNE. 

'  Boucherum  enim  paululum  progressi  tripodem  ex  aedibus 
proreptantem,  seque  a  nobis  amolientem  observamus  :  magna 
voce  Sherbonus  Boucherum  inclamat,  et  Boucherus  ingeminat 
usque  eo,  quoad  pene  irraucesceret :  retorquet  tandem  oculos. 
Oculos  dico :  imo  caput  universum,  quo  nihil  unquam  humano 
corpori  dedit  ipsa  natura  ponderosius.  Appropinquamus. 
Consalutavimus.  Ingredimur.  Imponitur  mensae  ingens 
butyri  globus,  et  panis  niger  colliculus.  Ille  voce  magna 
sudastram  aniculam  surdus  compellat :  vicinitas  personuit ; 
imperat  ut  scyathum  nobis  promat,  nobilis,  pugnacissimae 
cervisiae,  diluculae  suae  potionis :  ilia  respondet  voce  inten- 
sissima  et  splendida.  Suspicabatur  Sherbonus  inter  illos 
parietes  mures  non  quievisse,  quippe  qui,  mutui  illius  sermonis 
vicissitudine  semper  perterriti,  extorres  ex  illis  laribus  profu- 
gissent.  Mensam  relinquimus.  Inchoamus  sermonem  de 
sententia  Praesidis  literarum  quibus  Boucherus  sententiam 
suam  ascripsisset.  Respondit  teterrime.  ^Estuabam  equidem 
non  solum  turpitudine  sed  etiam  contumacia  responsi.  Habita 
est  a  me  ratio  non  illius  improbitatis,  quae  senis  digitos  im- 
pulerat  ut  nomen  subscriberet,  sed  adolescentiae  meae  et  illius 
senectutis.  Senem  igitur  ex  alterius  ore  omnia  loquentem 
per  testamentum  Fundatoris  sum  vehementer  obtestatus  ut 
desineret  in  sua  occidente  aetate  matrem  suam  magno  scelere 
laceratam  ipsa  jam  Copiarum  spe  extrema  pendentem  pati 
corruere.  Ingemuit  igitur :  immo  omnia  de  novae  juventutis 
fervore  et  animorum  impotentium  effraenatione  Colo  plenissimus 
eructavit.  Tantum  enim  apud  ilium  valuit  aetatis  conjunctio 
et  dignitatis  pristine  aequalitas,  ut  Praesidis  causa,  a  quo  illo 
odio  capitali  dissidet,  adversus  nos  flecteret  judicium  suum, 
non  quin  in  nostram  sententiam  discedendum  putaret,  sed 
quoniam  a  juvenibus'senem,  Praesidem  a  sociis  nollet  superari. 

on  the  journey)  '  me  Boucherum  semel  concessu  Hyeronimi  Raynoldi  aliorumque 
seniorum  fructum  omnium  Copiarum  percepisse :  iterum,  cum  illi  unanimi  consensu 
renuissent,  eodem  caruisse.  Ex  quo  cognoscere  potestis  esse  divinitus  datum  huic 
gymnasio  Raynoldorum  nomen  quorum  virtus  nunc  iterum  experrecta  statum  hujus 
Collegii  semel  in  Barfotiana  dictatura,  iterum  in  Coli  hianti  avaritia  conantur 
redimere,  et  in  libertatem  statutis  sancitam  vindicare.'  I  am  indebted  to  the  Rev. 
W.  D.  Macray  for  kindly  directing  my  attention  to  this  interesting  and  illustrative 
jeu  <T esprit,  which  is  indexed  as  Rawl.  D.  463  amongst  the  MSS.  in  the  Bodleian 
Library. 


PRESIDENCY  OF  THOMAS  GREENWAY.  109 

Jam  turn  vidi,  quod  semper  antea  habui  persuasum,  in  humana 
societate  nullum  esse  genus  hominum  detestabilius,  conscientia 
inquinatius,  quam  eorum,  qui  vitae  suae  cursum  non  ex  amore 
religionis  simplici  sed  ex  temporum  inclinationibus  solent 
moderari.  Nam  qui  semel  fidei  suse  arcana  fronte  falsissima 
texerit,  is,  ut  tantarum  rerum  simulationem  perpetuo  tueatur, 
facile  ad  omne  facinus  stimulatur.  Papistam  equidem  ingenuum 
diligo  ;  pro  honesto  Protestante  emori  possum.  Neutrum 
seniculum,  ita  villam,  abhominor.  Ego  discessi.  Boucherus 
iste,  cujus  truncum  tredecem  tuniculi  et  unum  amiculum  gau- 
supinum  ;  tibias  triginta  caligae  et  crassum  par  ocrearum 
contexerat ;  cum  voces  indignas  Praeside,  indignas  sene,  in- 
dignas  homine  emisisset,  in  domicilium  suum  remigravit. 
Dunsbornam,  quam  uno  jentaculo  exinaniuimus,  deserimus. 
Geitoniam  porreximus.' 

The  only  name  among  the  admissions  during  Boucher's 
Presidentship  which  need  be  mentioned  is  that  of  Thomas 
Twine,  a  famous  writer,  in  his  day,  of  books  on  medicine, 
astrology,  and  other  subjects.  He  was  father  of  the  still  more 
celebrated  Brian  Twyne,  the  Oxford  antiquary. 


Thomas  Greenway  or  Greneway,  the  fifth  President,  seems 
to  have  been  freely  elected  by  the  Society,  and  was  sworn  on 
Jan.  3,  156^.  He  was  a  native  of  Hampshire,  was  born  in 
1520,  admitted  Scholar  on  Jan.  26,  153!,  and  Probationary 
Fellow,  Aug.  19,  1541.  Like  his  predecessor,  he  was  a  man 
of  little,  if  any,  distinction,  and,  like  him,  he  soon  found  him- 
self in  trouble  by  the  attempt  to  appropriate  to  himself,  in 
whole  or  in  part,  the  Copyhold  Fines.  '  He,  standing  upon 
his  Predecessor's  terms,'  says  Fulman,  '  was  complained  of  to 
the  Visitor  for  not  making  a  true  accompt  of  Copyhold  Fines.' 
Like  his  Predecessor,  too,  he  retired  from  the  Presidency, 
though  whether  his  resignation  was  specially  connected  with 
the  question  of  the  Copyhold  Fines,  or  due  to  the  unpleasant 
relations  generally  which  subsisted  between  him  and  the 
Fellows,  to  be  described  presently,  or  whether  it  was  purely 
spontaneous,  we  have  no  means  of  knowing.  His  resignation 


110  VISITATION  OF  THE  COLLEGE  IN  1566. 

probably  took  effect  in  the  summer  of  1568,  when  he  retired 
to  his  Living  of  Lower  Heyford,  where,  having  built  a  Parsonage 
House,  he  was  buried  Aug.  14,  1571- 

In  the  Fulman  MSS.,  there  is  no  mention  of  any  personal 
Visitation  of  the  College  during  Greenway's  Presidency,  but 
in  Bp.  Home's  Register,  preserved  in  the  episcopal  archives 
at  Winchester,  there  is  a  long  and  very  curious  account, 
extending  over  17  closely  and  crabbedly  written  folio  pages, 
of  a  Visitation  held  in  the  College  Chapel,  in  the  year 
1566,  by  Dr.  George  Acworth,  the  Bishop's  Chancellor  and 
Commissary.  The  document  is  headed, '  Acta  habita  gesta  et 
expedita  in  Capella  infra  Coll.  C.  C.  in  Univ.  Oxon.  17  Oct., 
1566,  coram  ven.  viro  Mro  Georgio  Acworth  Legum  doctore .... 
ad  dictum  Coll.  visitandum  Commissario  specialiter  deputato.' 
It  deals  mainly  with  the  mutual  recriminations  of  the  Presi- 
dent and  the  Fellows,  beginning  with  the  charges  brought  by 
the  President,  supported,  doubtless,  by  some  of  the  Fellows, 
against"  Hieronymus  Reynolds  (Fellow),  George  Atkinson 
(Chaplain),  and  Richard  Joyner,  Clerk  of  Accompts.  The 
transactions  referred  to  in  the  charges  are  not  altogether  clear, 
but  there  seems  to  be  no  doubt  that  these  three  persons  had 
conspired  to  conceal  Church  plate,  vestments,  and  other 
furniture  of  the  Chapel,  in  the  first  year  of  Elizabeth,  with- 
drawing them  from  the  place  where  they  had  usually  been 
kept,  the  object,  of  course,  being  to  preserve  them  from  con- 
fiscation ;  moreover,  they  or  some  of  them  are  charged  with 
having  conspired,  about  the  same  time,  to  forge  an  Indenture, 
to  which  the  College  seal  was  surreptitiously  affixed,  pur- 
porting to  have  been  made  on  the  3ist  of  March  in  the  first 
year  of  Edward  the  Vlth  (1548)  between  the  then  President 
and  the  Fellows,  on  the  one  part,  and  Thomas  Windesor,  Esq. 
of  Bewic  Coombe  in  the  County  of  Surrey,  on  the  other  part, 
with  regard  to  certain  '  goods,  chattals,  and  Jewells '  said  to 
be  entrusted  to  the  care  of  the  College  by  the  said  Windsor, 
as  well  as  an  obligation  (or  bond)  in  ^300  (elsewhere  stated 
as  £200)  to  deliver  up  the  same  to  him  when  called  on.  If  the 
fraudulent  transaction  here  charged  really  occurred,  it  was 


CHARGES  AGAINST  HIEROME  RAINOLDS.         Ill 

evidently  a  device  enabling  Windsor  to  claim  the  property, 
should  any  attempt  be  made  to  confiscate  it,  and,  meanwhile, 
to  retain  it  in  the  College  for  future  use,  should  there  be  a 
turn  in  affairs  and  a  favourable  opportunity  present  itself. 
The  Indenture  is  given  among  the  pieces  justificatives  towards 
the  end  of  the  document,  but  the  charge  against  the  persons 
incriminated,  the  evidence,  and,  generally,  the  judicial  pro- 
ceedings against  them,  in  the  earlier  portion.  The  most 
interesting  parts  to  extract  are  the  accusations  against  Hierome 
Reynolds,  the  evidence  of  Richard  Joyner,  and  the  Schedule 
of  the  Church  goods  in  question,  which  I  proceed  to  give  in 
the  order  here  specified. 

'Detecta  contra  mag.  Hieron.  Raynolds1. 
Imprimis,  that  Mr  Hierome  Rainolds  hath  taken  the  Church 
Jewells  and  other  ornaments  oute  of  the  Vestrye  againste  all 
order  of  Statute.  And  kept  theme  there  VIII  yeres  together 
{i.e.  from  the  commencement  of  Elizabeth's  reign)  in  his 
owne  privye  custodye,  part  under  grounde,  part  above  grounde, 
And  hathe  denied  the  having  of  it,  being  asked  by  Mr  Presi- 
dent in  the  last  scrutiny.  Item,  he  consented  to  an  unlawfull 
alienation  of  the  Colledge  church  goodes,  and  eyther  forged  or 
privily  conveyed  the  Colledge  common  scale  to  be  set  to  the 
said  alienation  and  for  recovery  of  the  same  again  (i.e.  to 
enable  Windsor,  who  was  the  nominal  owner,  to  claim  them 
should  circumstances  render  such  a  course  desirable)  bound 
the  Colledge  under  there  common  seale  to  the  paymente  of 
iicU  (£200)  to  be  paid  by  a  day.  Item,  he  hath  lost  his 
right  of  the  Colledge  for  refusinge  to  name  {i.e.  vote)  diffini- 
tivelye  in  Mr  Belly's  matter  beinge  requested  to  give  his 
meaning  of  the  statute.  Item  he  committed  perjury  {i.e. 
broke  the  statutes,  which  he  had  sworn  to  observe)  for  taking 
his  commons  in  his  chamber  without  leave.  Item,  he  hath  a 

1  Wood  (Ath.  Ox.  sub  William  Rainolds)  says  of  this  Hierome  Reynolds  that 
'  continuing  in  the  Roman  Catholic  religion,  he  practised  physic  in  the  beginning 
of  Queen  Elizabeth's  reign ;  but  soon  after  left  the  University  {probably  in  conse- 
quence of  his  expulsion,  subsequent  on  these  proceedings),  and  whether  he  went 
beyond  the  seas,  and  was  doctorated  there,  I  cannot  tell.'  Hierome  Reynolds  was 
of  the  same  family  and  a  native  of  the  same  place  (Pinhoe  near  Exeter)  as  the 
famous  John  Reynolds,  President  1598-1607. 


112  EVIDENCE  OF  RICHARD  JOYNER. 

secular  fee,  whereby  at  the  least  he  ought  to  have  taken  no 
wages  {i.e.  stipend)  but  to  be  content  with  meat  and  drinke 
onely.  Item  he  ys  a  devine  ;  and  was  before  he  was  appointed 
to  Phisike,  Whereupon  he  ought  to  have  bin  Bachelor  of 
divinity  for  ii  yeares  past,  or  ells  to  avoyde  the  Colledge  {i.e. 
resign  his  Fellowship).  Item,  he  punisheth  none  but  certaine 
of  the  schollers.  Item,  he  harde  {i.e.  heard)  no  sophisme  {i.e. 
did  not  attend  the  disputations  of  the  Bachelors,  as  all  Fellows 
were  bound  to  do,  according  to  Ch.  23  of  the  Statutes),  as  he 
ys  bounde  twise  or  thrice  a  weke,  thes  iii  yeres.  Item,  he  with- 
stode  the  President  against  punishing  of  a  Bachelor  for  making 
a  noyse  at  dinner.  Item,  where  one  Browne  had  a  copy  given 
to  him  in  the  Colledge  oute  of  Courte  in  the  Lordship  of 
Suthbrent  (South  Brent),  he  bought  the  same  copy  by  and 
by  for  x11  taken  oute  of  the  Colledge  coffers,  beinge  then 
bowser  (bursar),  And  sold  yt  at  the  next  corte  for  xxxu, 
withoute  anye  fine  or  heriot  allowed  for  the  Colledge.  Item, 
he  gave  voyce  to  him  selfe  in  the  graunte  of  lease  to  him  selfe, 
for  the  which  lease  he  gave  no  fine  at  all.'  Reynolds  appears 
to  have  propounded  no  answers  to  these  c  detecta,'  and,  on  fol. 
22  b  of  the  Register,  we  find  that  he  was  expelled.  These 
allegations  against  Reynolds  were,  doubtless,  made  by  the 
President,  as  appears  plainly  in  the  document  itself. 

The  next  extract  is  the  evidence  of  Richard  Joyner,  Clerk 
of  Accompts,  with  reference  to  the  Chapel  vessels  and  vest- 
ments :  '  Respondit,  That  where  he  was  charged  with  the 
forging  of  a  paiere  of  Indentures  in  parchement  written  by  his 
owne  hand  whereof  the  one  parte  with  an  obligation  for  the 
performance  thereof,  in  three  hundred  poundes,  was  sealed 
with  the  said  Colledge  seale  with  the  knowledge  and  consent 
of  the  President  (probably  Cheadsey)  and  fellowes  of  the 
Colledge  then  benige  (sic),  The  treuthe  ys  that,  abowte  the 
beginning  of  this  Queenes  Raigne,  he  this  Respondent  and 
Mr  Hierome  Rainoldes  rid  together,  but  the  yere  certainly 
he  remembrethe  not  ut  dicit,  unto  Brickhill  unto  an  assise 
where  they  met  with  Mr  Thomas  Windsor  with  whom  the 
said  Mr  Hierome  had  much  secret  confidence,  but  what  they 
talked  and  whereof  the  Respondent  knewe  not,  for  that  he 


EXPULSIONS  FROM  THE  COLLEGE.  113 

wayted  then  as  a  servaunte  upon  the  said  Mr  Hierome. 
Et  ulterius  respondit,  that,  after  that  time  but  when  this 
respondent  remembrethe  not,  the  said  Mr  Hierome  delivered 
unto  this  Respondent  a  copye  of  ane  Indenture  in  papire  con- 
cerning the  alienation  of  the  said  goods  whereby,  by  com- 
mandement  of  the  said  Mr  Hierome  and  others  of  the  seven 
seniors  then  beinge,  This  Respondent  wrote  ii  of  the  like 
sorte  Indentures  in  parchement  the  yeare  after  this  Queenes 
Raigne  as  far  as  he  remembrethe  with  a  scedule  specifieing 
certaine  goodes  of  the  said  Colledge,  sed  quoad  sigillationem 
alicujus  partis  Indenturarum  praedictarum  aut  obligationis 
praedictae,  in  vim  Juramenti  sui  alias  per  eum  praestiti,  nihil 
omnino  novit  et  respondere  nescit  aliter  quam  prius  respon- 
debat.  Tune  dictus  Joyner  exhibuit  quandam  papiri  scedulam 
manu  sua  propria  scriptam  coppos  et  vestimenta  pretiosa 
dicti  Collegii  in  manibus  suis  extra  Collegium  praedictum 
(implying,  probably,  that  the  Clerk  of  Accompts  lived  outside 
the  College)  ad  tune  existentia  continentem,  quam  penes 
Registrarium  dimisit  Qua  examinatione  peracta,  dictus 
Dominus  Commissarius  commisit  custodiam  dicti  Richardi 
Joyner  Domino  Praesidenti,  ne  forte  aliquid  secret!  rationem 
amotionis  et  spoliationis  praedictae  concernens  divulgaretur, 
usque  in  horas  praedictas  diei  crastini/ 

Joyner's  evidence  clearly  involved  a  confession  of  the 
forgery.  Reynolds  and  Atkinson  were  expelled  from  the 
College  by  the  Commissary,  and  I  think  Joyner  as  well,  but 
I  am  here  only  trusting  to  my  recollection  of  the  document. 
Several  other  members  of  the  College  were  included  in  the 
sentence. 

The  inventory  of  Church  goods  is  likely  to  be  interesting  to 
the  ecclesiologist,  if  not  to  others,  and,  hence,  I  subjoin  it  at 
length. 

'Schedulae  indentatae  Jocalium  subtractorum  copia  sequitur 
et  est  talis  : 

Imprimis,  iii  chalices,  one  of  gold1,  with  the  Patesies  ;  Item, 

1  This  is  probably  the  beautiful  gold  chalice  (date  1507-8),  supposed  to  have 
belonged  to  the  Founder,  which  is  still  in  use  in  the  College  Chapel.  The  corre- 
sponding paten,  of  exquisite  workmanship,  has  now  (1892)  become  so  thin  that  it 

I 


114     INVENTORY  OF  SECRETED  CHURCH  GOODS. 

ii  crewets  of  gold,  one  lacking  a  Cover ;  Item,  ii  crewets  of 
silver  with  kivirs  (covers)  the  one  in  the  box  ;  Item,  one  whole 
senser  of  silver ;  Item,  a  bell  of  silver  ;  Item,  ii  paxes  set  with 
perles  silver  and  guilt ;  Item,  a  holly  water  sticke  of  silver ; 
Item,  vii  olde  sensers  of  silver  guilte,  one  lacking  the  fote ;  Item, 
ii  great  elapses  silver  and  guilte  with  ii  other  payer  (pair) 
of  smaler  elapses  silver  and  guilte,  with  other  smale  peces  of 
silver  to  the  value  of  half  an  ounce,  all  in  a  little  box  ;  Item, 
one  challice  of  silver  and  guilt  with  a  patent  also  silver  and 
guilt ;  Item,  one  other  challice  of  silver  and  guilt  with  one 
Mr  Wotton  had  with  a  patent  silver  and  guilt  and  a  corporis 
case  and  ii  corporis  clothes.  The  Colledge  gOOdeS 
brought  in  by  Joyner.  One  payer  of  hangings  of  the  best 
blewe  and  vestements  with  Decon  and  Subdecon  of  the  same, 
And  a  canapye  for  the  sacrament  of  the  same  and  two  hangings 
of  cloth  of  tissue  for  the  highe  Aulter  ;  Item,  the  best  red  of 
purple  velvet  for  Prest,  Decon  and  Subdecon,  And  all  other 
necessaries  savinge  one  told  lackinge ;  Item,  one  payer  (i.e.  set) 
of  vestements  more  being  the  second  best  red  velvet  spanged 
with  golde  and  perle,  decon  and  subdecon,  lackinge  a  stole ; 
Item,  one  payer  of  vestements  of  cloth  of  golde  wrought  with 
grene  velvet  with  decon  and  subdecon  of  the  same ;  Item,  ii 
best  white  hangings  for  the  high  aulter  called  bodkin;  Item, 
one  payer  of  vestements  of  blew  silke  with  crownes  and  miters, 
decon  and  subdecon  for  the  same,  lackinge  a  stole  ;  Item,  one 
canapye  for  the  sepulchre  of  red  silke  braunched  with  golde  ; 
Item,  a  sepulchre  clothe  of  red  and  blew  braunched  with 
golde  ;  Item,  ii  payer  of  grene  copes,  one  with  spanges  of  gold  ; 
Item,  ii  other  copes  of  blew  silke  with  miters  and  crownes ; 
Item,  ii  other  copes  of  purple  velvet  with  braunches  having 
the  pellicanes l  of  golde ;  Three  corporas  cases,  viz,  ii  of 
clothe  of  golde  and  one  of  blewe  velvet  with  a  percullis 

is  used  only  on  Trinity  Sunday,  as  being  the  Sunday  nearest  to  Corpus  Christi  day. 
It  is  said  that  these  are  the  only  chalice  and  paten  of  pure  gold,  dating  from  pre- 
Reformation  times,  still  existing  in  England. 

1  The  College  is  still,  as  already  noticed,  in  possession  of  a  cloth  for  a  small 
communion  table,  composed  of  fragments  of  copes  ornamented  with  pelicans 
wrought  in  gold  tissue.  The  pelicans  are  mediaeval,  but  the  cloth  might  be  of 
Elizabeth's  time,  or,  perhaps,  later. 


CHARGES  AGAINST  THE  PRESIDENT.  115 

{i.e.  ornamented  with  the  figure  of  the  portcullis)  and  iii 
clothes.' 

In  the  statement  of  charge  against  Reynolds,  Atkinson,  and 
Joyner,  given  on  fol.  20  a.  of  the  MS.,  it  is  said  that,  besides 
the  articles  specified  in  the  schedule,  there  were  'praeterea 
alia  multa  et  diversimoda  bona  et  catalla,'  a  statement  which 
we  shall  find  amply  confirmed  by  the  extraordinary  revela- 
tions, found  in  a  document  of  the  early  part  of  Charles  the 
Second's  reign,  touching  certain  copes  and  vestments  formerly 
in  the  possession  of  the  College. 

Reynolds,  supported  doubtless  by  his  friends,  brought 
counter  charges  against  the  President.  Both  the  charges  and 
the  answers  give  us  a  curious  insight  into  the  manners  and 
sentiments  of  the  time,  and  certainly  do  not  present  the 
interior  of  an  Elizabethan  College  in  a  favourable  light. 
While  reading  them,  however,  we  must  recollect  the  ex- 
cessive freedom  of  language,  the  bitter  feeling  of  partisanship, 
and  the  tendency  to  impute  to  an  enemy  every  kind  of  enor- 
mity of  which  there  might  be  the  very  slightest  grounds 
of  suspicion,  that  characterise  almost  the  whole  controversial 
literature  of  the  Renaissance  and  Reformation  periods,  and 
which  would  naturally  be  imported  into  the  pleadings  of  an 
informal  law-court,  such  as  was  that  of  a  College  Visitor.  It 
is  also  most  important  to  bear  in  mind  that  charges,  of  which 
no  proof  is  forthcoming,  ought,  not  only  in  'charity  but  in 
equity,  to  count  nothing  against  the  accused.  Their  only 
value  historically  is  to  shew  what  offences  were  regarded  at 
the  time  as  capable  of  credence. 

The  use  of  the  first  person  singular  in  the  charges  against 
the  President  shews  that  they  were  the  work  of  one  person, 
and  that  one  person  must  have  been  Hieronymus  Reynolds. 
Thus,  the  proceedings  partake  much  of  the  nature  of  a  single 
combat  between  him  and  the  President.  I  shall  now  extract 
at  length  both  the  accusation  and  the  defence. 

'  Detecta  contra  Presidentem.  Imprimis,  he  toke  thirty 
poundes  to  by  advowson  of  Dr  Warner  oute  of  the  Colledge 
mony  and  neyther  brought  the  vowson  to  the  Colledge  nor 

I  2 


Il6  CHARGES  AGAINST  THE  PRESIDENT. 

anye  acquittance  for  the  same,  so  that  we  suppose  he  hath 
utterly  defrauded  the  Colledge  of  the  same  mony.  Item, 
he  toke  ii  sheets  and  a  half  of  lede  (lead)  from  the  Colledge 
without  consent.  He,  havinge  ii  or  iii  perch  of  seasoned 
timber  graunted,  toke  seasoned  and  unseasoned,  all  that  was 
in  the  Colledge.  Item,  he  received  of  Mr  Laurence  xs  to  pay 
expenses  in  progress.  He  toke  that  mony  to  himself.  And 
so  deceaved  the  Colledge' of  x8.  Item,  he  received  of  Hurst 
xiii8  iiiid  and  brought  into  the  coffer  but  xs.  Item,  in  lettinge 
of  leases  he  taketh  the  greatest  parte  of  the  monye  vnto  him- 
seffe,  as  y*  appereth  by  taking  vi11  xiii8  iiiid  of  James  Bell  to 
his  owne  use,  the  Colledge  having  but  iiii11.  Allso  he  received 
of  Mr  Butler  of  Suthton  (Southampton)  for  a  fine  iiii11  xs, 
whereof  the  Colledge  had  but  xx8.  Allso  he  had  of  Lan- 
caster's widow  dwellinge  in  Overton  iiii11.  And  the  Colledge 
,had  but  iii11  xvi8  viiid.  Item,  he  spoyleth  the  Colledge  wodes  * 
(  )  as  the  common  report  is,  and  maketh  in  every  sale  a 

part  of  mony  unto  himself.  Item,  allso  he  giveth  the  Colledge 
tres  to  himself  and  his  servaunts.  Item,  he  is  noted  of  many 
men  to  have  had  (connexion) 2  with  viii  Infamous  women,  ii  at 
Heyford  (of  which  parish  he  was  Rector),  whereof  one  he 
brought  from  Warminster,  another  from  London,  one  at 
Exeter  called  (  )  host,  one  in  St  Allbones  an  olde  ac- 

quaintance of  his  when  he  dwelte  there,  and  fower  at  London, 
as  Barbara  his  Ostes  at  the  Cock  3,  Margaret  Burton,  Johane 
Townsende  and  Alice  of  the  Cock,  of  which  the  last  are  such 
women  that  no  honest  man  may  be  assumed  to  be  acquainted 
withall.  Item,  it  was  certainly  reported  by  his  (?  men)  Joyner 
and  Butcher  that  he  lay  with  Sheres  wife  in  London  and 
allso  it  is  commonly  reported  that  he  had  (connexion)4  with 
her  at  Mother  Bedells.  Item,  he  resorted  to  her  house  in 

1  When  I  have  been  unable  to  decipher  any  word  or  words  in  the  MS.,  I  have 
left  a  blank  space  within  two  angular  brackets,  thus :  (  ). 

2  The  word  within   round   brackets,  as   also  in   a  similar   place  below,  is  a 
softened  equivalent  for  the  phrase  which  occurs  in  the  original  document. 

3  This  was  probably  the  Cock  Tavern  situated  at  72  Tothill  St.,  Westminster, 
now  demolished.     The  history  of  the  Cock  Tavern  in  Fleet  St.  does  not  seem  to 
go  back  beyond  the  early  part  of  the  seventeenth  century.     See  Wheatley  and 
Cunningham's  London. 

*  See  note  2  above. 


CHARGES  AGAINST  THE  PRESIDENT.  117 

Oxford  usque  ad  obloquium  populi  et  scandalum  Ecclesiae, 
sometimes  untill  x  or  xi  of  the  clock  at  night.  Item,  he  was 
sene  to  kyss  the  said  Sheres  wife  in  her  garden  as  it  had 
been  a  wanton  boy,  in  so  muche  that  he  who  did  see  them 
said,  fye  upon  all  such  spirituall  men.  Item,  he  forsoke  our 
farme  at  Heyford  at  x  o'clock  in  the  night,  and  went  to  lye 
at  Sheres  house.  Item,  he  was  taken  behind  his  parlour 
dore  in  the  darke  night  with  his  Ede  of  Warminster,  with 
other  manifest  signes  of  adultery  which  I  am  ashamed  to 
write.  Item,  he  rode  downe  from  London  in  the  company 
of  Johanne  Townesend  and  Sheres  wiffe,  women  notoriously 
suspected  of  whoredome.  Item,  at  St  Albones  he  layed  his 
purse  before  his  acquainted  *,  and  bad  her  take  what  she 
wolde  to  obey  his  carnall  desire.  Item,  at  Exeter  he  left 
his  Inne  and  lay  at  the  house  of  Mrs  how  a  woman  infamous, 
and  was,  as  may  be  proved,  notoriously  drunk  there.  Item, 
he  is  accompted  a  Whoremonger,  a  common  drunkard,  a 
mutable  papist  and  an  unpreching  prelate  and  one  of  an 
Italian  faith.  Item,  he  bad  in  the  Colledge  to  dinner  Alice 
of  the  Cock,  Ede  of  Warminster  and  Sheres  Wife,  infamous 
women.  Item,  that  going  in  progress,  as  I  have  hard  2,  < 

}  minstrels  and  women  to  the  infamy  of  the  Colledge 
and  diminution  of  our  goodes.  Item,  he  resorteth  to  bull- 
beytinge  and  bearebeyting  in  London  and  commandeth  his 
man  to  put  yt  on  another  score.  Item,  in  Christmas  last 
past  he,  comming  drunk  from  the  Towne,  sat  in  the  Hall 
amonge  the  Schollers  until  i  of  the  clock,  totering  with  his 
legge,  tipling  with  his  mouth,  and  hering  bawdy  songes  with 
his  eares  as,  My  Lady  hath  a  prety  thinge,  and  such  like. 
In  the  ende,  drabbinge  to  bed,  cold  not  be  persworded  that 
yt  was  yet  ix  of  the  clock  {the  College  gates  were  by 
Statute  finally  closed  at  8  in  winter  and  9  in  summer,  so 
that  9  was  presumably  'bed-time'},  when  indeede  yt  was 
past  ii.  And  in  like  sorte,  at  Candlemas  last,  he  was  noto- 

1  The  reader  should  notice  this  peculiar  use  of  the  word  '  acquainted,'  for 
paramour.     It  does  not  occur  in  Dr.  Murray's  Dictionary. 

2  This  expression  shews  that  the  accusations  came  from  a  single  person,  who 
must  have  been  Hierome  Reynolds. 


Il8  CHARGES  AGAINST  THE  PRESIDENT. 

riously  drunk.     Item,  yt  ys  reported  that  he  prayed  for  the 
dede  in  his  Sermon  at  Paules  cross,  whereupon  yt  was  written 
to  one  of  the  fellows  of  his  house,  that  Exultamus  coram 
papistrie,  and  my  L.  Wenford  called  him  purgatory  snake. 
Item,  he  hath  willfully  incurred  perjury  (i.  e.  broken  the  Col- 
lege Statutes  which   he  had  sworn  to  observe)  in  those  ii 
statutes,   where   the   number   of  commoners   are  appointed. 
Item,   for    taking    mony   and   bribes   for   the   admitting    of 
schollers,  as,  namely,  of  Lane  vi  tres  worth  iiii  marks,  for 
Tye  half  a  kersy,  for  Pottell  a  gowne  clothe,  for  Sir  Napper 
(i.e.  Napier  B.A.)  iiii  nobles,  for  Mathewe  x11,  for  Kere  (i.e. 
Kyre)  x11.     Item,  he  entereth  matters  in  Lawe  without  con- 
sent of  the  fellowes.     Item,  he  kepeth  vi  horse  continually 
in  the  stable,  whereas  the  Colledge  nedeth  and  alloweth  but 
five.     Item,  the  expenses  of  the   stable   riseth  to  xu  more 
yearly  then  ever  before  his  time.     Item,  he  hath  given  away 
to  his  kindred  and  his  familiar  acquainted  frowses  the  Col- 
ledge  Landes  for  small  fines  or  none,  suplanting  a  nomber  of 
old  tenauntes,  as,  namely,  amonge  all  other  he  hath  given 
to  a  woman  that  he  is  muche  suspected  to  have  liked  incon- 
tinently withall  a  copy  for  xiiis  iiiid,  whereas  for  the  same 
there  wilbe  (i.  e.  will  be)  given  xxu.     And  here  note,  good 
Mr  Chauncellor,  that  he  hath  suplanted  by  this  wicked  deede 
iii  or  iiii  pore  children,  whose  father  builte  the  tenement  oute 
of  the  ground.     Item,  he  ys  a   faithfull  frende    to   all   the 
papistes  and  a  mortall  enemy  to  all  the  protestants  in  this 
house,  a  very  aOeos,  a  right  (Pmache  villion1).    And  there- 
fore ys  reported  to  study  Jacke  (Pmaicher2,  or  maither,  or 
mouther,  or  moucher)  a  wicked  boke  written  in  the  italian 
tonge.    Item,  he  calleth  prestes  sonnes  prestes  Brattes.    Item, 

1  '  Machiavellian  '  has  been  suggested  by  Mr.  Parker  of  the  Bodleian.     There 
can  be  little  doubt,  I  think,  that  this  suggestion  is  right,  though  probably  the 
scribe,  not  understanding   the   reference,  took  down  the  word  or  words  from 
the  sound,  or  miscopied  the  Articles  of  Charge. 

2  Jacke  might  stand  for  either  Jacopo  or  Giovanni,  James  or  John.     Part  of 
the  second  word  is  very  difficult  to  decipher.     There  is  no  doubt  about  the  first 
letter  or  the  three  last.    The  intermediate  letters  might  be  aic  or  ait  or  out  or  cue, 
A  learned  correspondent  (Mr.  F.  Adams,  Reader  for  the  Press  at  Messrs.  Spottis- 
woode's)  has  adduced  strong  reasons  for  reading  mouther  or  moucher  and  identi- 
fying the  reference  with  Boccaccio  (Giovanni  Boccacci).     See  Appendix  E. 


THE  PRESIDENT'S  ANSWER.  119 

he  admitted  Mr  Belly  without  ane  othe.  Item,  he  hath  lefte 
in  our  fine  Box  but  iis  vid.  In  which,  at  his  cumming,  he 
found  ccccc11.  Item,  where  he  mought  have  gotten  cn  to  the 
Colledge  by  gadged  plate  (i.e.  plate  left  in  pawn)  of  Mr  Dr 
Lougher,  he  restored  it  againe  without  consent  of  the  seven, 
contrarye  to  his  othe  and  order  of  the  statute.' 

The  answere  of  the  President  to  the  detections.  '  First, 
I  say  that  all  the  articles  are  criminall  and  therefore  suche 
as  I  am  not  bounde  to  answere,  and  all  in  manner  generall, 
withoute  noting  of  fact  time  or  place,  so  that  there  canne  be 
made  no  direct  answere  unto  them.  And  suche  as  be  onely 
made  to  slaunder  me,  the  slaunderers  never  mening  to  prove 
one  of  them.'  He  then  proceeds  to  deny  them  seriatim, 
in  some  cases  giving  specific  explanations.  There  is  an 
elaborate  explanation  of  the  xxxu  connected  with  the  pur- 
chase of  the  advowson  of  Heyford,  shewing  how  very  com- 
plicated the  whole  business  was.  .  .  .  'Touchinge  taking  the 
Colledge  fines  to  my  owne  use  ys  most  untrewe.  But  yt  ys 
trewe  that  I  have  given  me  for  my  good  will  sometimes  mony 
of  the  tenants,  and  so  have  everye  one  of  the  fellowes  to. 
But  let  yt  be  proved  that  ever  I  toke  penny  of  the  Colledge 
fine.  And  let  me  be  punished  accordingly  therefore'  (ignor- 
ing the  fact  that  these  presents  or  '  douceurs '  for  good-will 
all  acted,  just  like  '  commissions '  to  servants  nowadays,  in 
the  way  of  diminishing  the  sum  that  came  to  the  College). 
As  to  the  charge  with  regard  to  the  woods,  he  says,  among 
other  things,  '  It  ys  trewe  that  in  progress  I  do  now  and  then 
give  a  tre  to  every  of  the  servants  towards  the  byinge  of  there 
botes  and  weringe  there  apparrell,  as  my  predecessors  were 
used  to  do.'  '  Touching  the  women  whereof  I  am  most 
slaunderously  defamed  withall,'  he  denies  the  facts  alleged, 
speaks  of  '  this  conspiracye  that  ys  nowe  made  against  me,' 
and  enters  on  explanations,  which  do  not  appear  altogether 
satisfactory.  Sheres  seems  to  have  been  a  book-binder  who 
dwelt  in  Pater-noster  Row  near  Doctors'  Commons.  '  While 
I  dwelled  with  the  Busshop  of  Elye,  I  lay  sick  in  Ely  place 
in  Holborne  a  quarter  of  a  yere,  at  what  time  the  said 
Sheres  beinge  a  younge  man  and  unmarried  did  watche  with 


120  THE  PRESIDENT'S  ANSWER. 

me  and  kepe  me  in  my  sickness,  for  acquaintance  I  had 
with  him,  in  that  he  had  before  used  to  binde  my  bokes. 
After  I  was  president,  I  did  give  him  a  reversion  of  a  copy- 
hold in  Heyford,  whereof  was  there  a  life  of  a  maide  to  ronne, 
which  mayde  died  shortly  after.  And  the  coppye  fell  to  the 
same  Sheres,  who  dwelleth  there  nowe.  And,  where  yt  ys 
sayde  that  I  lefte  the  farmer's  house  and  lay  there  one  night, 
yt  ys  trewe  I  did  so.  And  the  occasion  was  this,  as  my 
accuser  cannot  denye,  yt  was  upon  the  Wake  day  at  night, 
at  what  time  the  farmers  house  was  full  of  strangers  that 
came  from  places  abowte  thither  and  lay  there.  And,  because 
there  was  no  chamber  but  where  divers  other  shuld  have  lien 
and  disquieted  me,  I  wente  that  night  to  the  other  house. 
And  I  never  lay  but  that  one  night  out  of  the  farmers  house 
(where  he  seems  to  have  lodged,  when  he  went  over  to  Hey- 
ford for  parish  or  college  purposes).  Yet  I  have  been  there 
forty  times  sithens  that  and  before.  Other  ii  women  that 
they  name  were  wives  to  ii  pore  men  that  were  my  servauntes 

to  whom  I  have  given  two  small  thinges.'     And  so  on 

'  Where  yt  ys  objected  that  I  am  a  common  drunkard,  yf  yt 
may  appeare  by  the  testimony  of  anye  honest  man  that  I 
was  ever  sene  drunk,  then  I  yeld  to  this  accusation.  I  be- 
seche  your  worship  let  the  worshipfull  of  this  universitie 
report  of  this  point  how  impudent  a  slander  yt  ys.'  Touching 
the  Sermon  at  St.  Paul's,  he  refers  to  my  Lord  of  London 
(Grindal),  who  examined  the  matter,  and  found  that  he  was 
'  mistaken'  (i.e.  misunderstood).  As  to  the  number  of  com- 
moners, the  extension  was  in  favour  of  Lord  Sondes,  and  the 
Founder  gives  the  President. some  discretion  in  this  matter. 
(It  is  noticeable  that  he  was  'taken  in  with  his  Scholemaster 
and  brethren1'). ...  *  I  never  condicioned  for  penny  nor  reward 
for  the  admitting  of  anye  Scholler.  I  never  entered  matter 
in  lawe  without  consent.' .  .  .  '  Touching  papistry,  yf  any  facte 

1  '  And  that  I  might  do  well  to  take  him  in  and  his  Scholemaster  and  Brethren, 
because  he  was  a  nobleman  and  might  pleasure  the  Colledge.  And  allso  wolde 
pay  for  all  he  toke.'  This  is  an  instance  of  a  practice  which  appears  not  to  have 
been  uncommon  about  this  time,  namely,  for  two  or  more  young  members  of  a 
family  to  lodge  in  a  College  under  the  superintendence  of  a  private  tutor.  For  the 
practice,  generally,  of  bringing  up  private  tutors,  cp.  pp.  50,  103. 


EVIDENCE  OF  WITNESSES.  12,1 

canne  be  proved  or  objected  against  me,  let  me  have  the 
haine  (i.  e.  odium)  of  it  to  the  uttermost.  They  that  object 
papistry  to  me  nowe  did  object *  at  my  comminge  into  the 
Colledge  that  I  coulde  not  be  President  because  I  was  ex- 
pelled in  Queen  Maries  dayes  for  religion ....  As  to  the 
sermon  in  which  he  spoke  of  the  marriage  of  priests,  at  St 
Peter's,  let  them  testify  who  heard  him.  The  accuser  speaks 
only  by  hearsay.  .  .  .  And  suche  {sc.  accusations)  as  I  cannot 
frame  any  direct  answers,  my  request  ys  that,  yf  yt  may  appere 
to  you  that  there  is  a  conspiracye  to  undoe  me  and  defame 
me,  that  my  enemies  that  so  conspire  may  be  no  witnesses 
against  me,  but  that  I  may  be  reported  by  the  worshipfull  and 
best  sorte  of  the  Towne  and  University  what  my  conversacion 
ys  and  whate  fame  I  have  bin  of  and  am  of  in  the  Towne.' 

Then  follows  the  evidence  of  witnesses.  Hieronymus  Rey- 
nolds says,  inter  alia,  that  '  Lancaster's  widow  of  Overton  paid 
unto  Mr  President  iiii11  for  his  good-will  and  for  a  fine  to 
the  Colledge  iii11  xvi8  viiid.'  He  adds  similar  cases,  and  then 
proceeds  to  give  evidence  on  the  charge  of  corruptly  receiving 
gifts.  '  Mr  President  had  of  John  Lane,  to  admit  him  a 
scholler,  vi  tres  which  were  worthe  fower  markes,  of  Tye  half 
a  kersy  worth  xxx8,  which  he  knoweth  by  reason  the  boye's 
father  came  into  the  house  and  toulde  him  of  yt.'  Simon 
Tripp  B.A.  confirms  Reynolds'  testimony  as  to  the  gifts  of 
the  scholars  Lane  and  Tye  (both  on  hearsay  evidence). 
Johannes  Lane  dicit  '  that  he  gave  the  mony  to  bye  the 
trees  to  Mr  Hopkins  of  Broadgates,  viz  iiii  marks,  which  Mr 
President  received  of  Mr  Hopkins  to  admit  this  deponent 
to  be  a  Scholler.'  Similar  testimony  is  given  by  other 
Scholars.  One  testifies  that  '  Mr  President  wolde  not  admit 
him  under  x11  or  xxtie  markes.'  The  Vice-President  Mr 
Laurens  (Laurence}  gives  evidence  as  to  taking  inordinately 
small  fines  on  the  renewal  of  copies,  especially  to  Shears. 

On  a  general  review  of  this  evidence,  it  seems  as  if  the  case 

1  Shewing  that  Greenway's  was  a  contested  election.  The  objection  on  the 
ground  of  '  papistry'  was  exceedingly  uncandid  on  the  part  of  Hierome  Reynolds, 
who,  according  to  Wood,  himself  'continued  in  the  Roman  Catholic  religion.' 
See  above,  p.  in,  n.  i. 


122  REVIEW  OF  THE  EVIDENCE. 

against  Greenway  was  made  out  with  regard  to  accepting 
bribes  (or  ?  presents)  on  the  admission  of  Scholars,  and 
also  with  regard  to  receiving  inordinately  large  sums  for 
'good-will'  on  the  renewal  of  copies  and  leases,  to  the  un- 
doubted detriment  of  the  general  College  revenues.  But  no 
evidence  is  even  tendered  with  regard  to  the  charges  of 
drunkenness  and  incontinency,  so  that  the  presumption  seems 
to  be  that  they  were  either  false  or  incapable  of  proof1. 

After  the  evidence  follows  the  Copy  of  a  testimonial  to 
Greenway 's  character,  signed  by  John  Kennell  D.C.L.,  Vice- 
Chancellor,  and  other  principal  residents  in  the  University, 
denouncing  the  graver  charges  made  against  him,  and  stating 
unambiguously  their  own  entire  disbelief  in  them.  Next 
come  certain  '  exceptions '  of  Greenway  to  the  witnesses 
against  him. 

The  document  contains  no  evidence  of  any  judicial  action 
taken  against  Greenway,  though  several  of  the  Fellows  and 
other  members  of  the  College  were  summarily  expelled,  some 
possibly  for  not  accepting  the  Articles  of  Religion,  which, 
in  an  abbreviated  form,  were  tendered  to  the  whole  College. 
Possibly  Greenway  may  have  claimed  that  his  case  should 
be  referred  to  the  Visitor  himself  (as  permitted  in  the  Sta- 
tutes, Ch.  53),  or,  as  there  was  no  definite  evidence  of  the 
graver  charges,  and  corruption  in  the  bestowal  of  offices  and 
extortionate  or  colourable  practices  in  the  management  of 

1  And  yet  the  charge  of  incontinency  derives  a  certain  amount  of  independent 
support  from  a  bitter  attack  on  Greenway  by  Simon  Tripp,  a  Fellow  of  the 
College,  of  whom  we  shall  twice  hear  again  in  the  course  of  this  history.  This 
attack  is  contained  in  a  very  rhetorical  effusion  (preserved  in  the  Collectanea  of 
Miles  Windsor  and  Brian  Twine,  MS.  280  in  the  Corpus  Library,  fol.  239,  240), 
entitled  '  Fatalis  oratio  Simonis  Trippi,'  which  professes  (though  I  think  this  must 
be  a  figment)  to  have  been  delivered  in  the  presence  of  Greenway.  The  charges  of 
incontinence  (including  adultery),  impiety,  hypocrisy,  vindictiveness  and  tyranny 
are  made  or  insinuated  repeatedly  throughout  the  Oration.  But  there  is  no  im- 
putation of  drunkenness, — negative  testimony  from  a  declared  enemy,  which  affords 
some  presumption  that  the  charges  under  this  head  at  the  Visitation  were  false 
or  grossly  exaggerated.  Some  slight  confirmation  of  the  charges  against  Greenway 
with  regard  to  women,  or  it  may  possibly  be  an  explanation  of  them,  is  afforded 
by  a  passage  in  Morice's  Dialogue,  in  which,  speaking  of  the  characteristics  of 
former  Presidents,  with  reference  to  Cole's  card-playing,  in  order  to  while  away 
his  time  on  'Progress,'  he  says  of  Greenway:  'Morwenus  cum  villico,  Grenwaius 
fortasse  cum  villica  sermones  contulisset.' 


ISSUE  OF  THE   VISITATION.  123 

corporate  estates  were  so  common  in  those  days  as  to  elicit 
but  slight  censure,  Dr.  Acworth  may  have  thought  that  there 
was  no  sufficient  ground  for  proceeding  to  extremities  with 
the  President.  Moreover,  notwithstanding  the  charges  of 
Papistry,  brought  against  him  by  his  adversaries,  his  religious 
convictions  were  probably  in  sympathy  with  the  winning  side, 
and  party  zeal  at  this  time  ran  too  high  not  to  take  some 
account  of  this  fact.  Any  way,  he  seems  to  have  remained 
in  office  at  least  a  year  and  a  half  longer,  when,  as  already 
recorded,  he  retired  to  his  Living  of  Heyford. 

There  is  one  debt  which  the  College  owes  to  Greenway. 
He  wrote  a  short  life  of  the  Founder,  of  which  there  are 
several  manuscript  copies,  with  slight  variations,  in  the  Col- 
lege Library  (MS.  C.  C.  C.  280).  Though  ill  composed,  it  is 
our  oldest  authority  for  some  of  the  events  of  Foxe's  Life, 
and,  as  Foxe  had  been  dead  little  more  than  eight  years  when 
Greenway  came  to  the  College,  he  must  have  had  ample  op- 
portunity of  hearing  particulars  about  the  Founder's  history 
from  persons  acquainted  with  him  or  at  least  with  the  facts 
of  his  life,  who  were  still  resident  in  College. 

It  may  be  noted  that  the  Visitor,  Robert  Home,  in  giving 
(July  6,  1562)  an  interpretation  of  the  Statutes,  in  relation  to 
a  doubt  that  had  arisen  whether  the  usual  oath  should  be 
tendered  to  a  Reader,  who  was  elected  not  from  within,  but 
from  outside  the  College,  which  he  resolved  affirmatively, 
took  occasion  to  remark  on  the  repeated  violation  of  the 
Statute  concerning  assuming  Holy  Orders.  '  Et  quoniam 
complures  reverendos  et  honestos  viros  audimus  conqueri  de 
violate  a  vobis  statute  altero  concernente  sacerdotum  apud 
vos  creationem ;  quam  etiam  querelam  ipse  nuper  Praesidens 
vester  Willielmus  Bocherus  lamentans  exhibuit  nobis  in  visi- 
tatione  nostra  ultima  apud  vos,'  &c.  He  then  proceeds  to 
lay  down  emphatically  and  judicially,  and  with  a  stern  warn- 
ing to  all  and  singular  to  conform  themselves  in  future  to  his 
decision,  the  same  position  as  that  assumed  by  Bp.  Poynet, 
eleven  years  before,  namely,  that,  notwithstanding  the  changes 
effected  by  the  Reformation,  the  Fellows  were  still  under  the 


124  PRESIDENCY  OF  WILLIAM  COLE. 

obligation  of  entering  the  Ministry.  As  for  the  subtle  dis- 
tinction (peracutum)  between  the  priesthood  and  the  ministry, 
'  significamus  vobis,  quod  malo  animo  et  inscienter  distingua- 
tis,  interponentes  discrimen  inter  vocabula,  quorum  sensus 
nullum  omnino  discrimen  habeant.'  It  would  seem  as  if  the 
Fellows  of  Colleges  were  beginning  to  chafe  under  this  re- 
striction, some  because  they  would  have  preferred  to  follow 
lay  professions,  others,  perhaps,  because  they  were  disinclined 
to  pledge  themselves  to  the  Reformed  doctrine  and  discipline 
to  such  an  extent  as  the  entrance  into  the  ministry  seemed  to 
imply. 

The  notable  admissions  during  Greenway's  Presidency  were 
those  of  John  Barfoot  or  Barefoot.  Archdeacon  of  Lincoln, 
who  took  a  very  prominent  part  in  the  affairs  of  the  College 
at  a  subsequent  period,  admitted  156!  ;  and  John  Remolds, 
Rainolds,  or  Reynolds,  one  of  the  most  famous  theologians 
of  the  sixteenth  and  seventeenth  centuries,  and,  perhaps,  the 
most  distinguished  of  all  the  Presidents  of  Corpus,  admitted 
in  1563. 

William  Cole,  a  Lincolnshire  man,  born  probably  at  Grant- 
ham1,  in  1537,  who,  without  passing  through  a  Scholarship, 
had  been  elected  to  a  Probationary  Fellowship  on  July  28, 1545, 
was  sworn,  as  Greenway's  successor,  July  19,  1568.  The  story 
of  his  election,  or  rather  appointment,  is  best  told  in  the 
quaint  words  of  Antony  Wood 2,  whose  account,  though 
somewhat  rambling,  is  not  without  its  interest  even  in  respect 
to  incidental  matters.  There  are  three  points  in  it  specially 
which  claim  our  attention :  (i)  the  strength  and  numbers 
of  the  Roman  Catholic  party  still  holding  its  ground  in 
Corpus 3 ;  (2)  the  freedom  with  which  the  Crown,  at  that  time, 

1  The  name  of  the  birth-place  does  not  occur  in  the  College  Register,  further 
than  '  natus  in  com.  Lincoln.'  But  in  Burn's  History  of  Parish  Registers  in 
England,  p.  285,  there  is  the  following  extract  from  the  Livre  des  Anglois  at 
Geneva:  Anno  1557.  William  Cole  of  Grantham  in  the  County  of  Lincoln  and 
Jane  Agar,  daughter  of  Ales  {Alice}  Agar,  widdow.  Probably,  therefore,  Grant- 
ham  was  his  birth-place. 

8  Annals,  vol.  ii.  pp.  164-6. 

3  There  is  extant  (MS.  C.  C.  C.  280,  fol.  238,  and  also  Fulman  MSS.,  vol.  x.  fol. 


WOOD'S  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  ELECTION.  125 

intermeddled  in  College  elections ;  (3)  the  arbitrary  and  un- 
constitutional power  then  exercised  by  the  Visitor  of  the 
College. 

'As  there  arose  therefore  a  commotion  in  Merton  Coll.  some 
years  since1,  partly  upon  account  of  Religion,  so  the  like  almost  now 
in  Corpus  Christi,  which,  partly  from  tradition  and  partly  from 
record,  appears  to  be  thus.  Thomas  Greenway  of  that  College 
resigning  his  Presidentship,  a  Citation  was  stuck  for  the  election 
of  another  to  succeed  him.  In  the  vacancy  the  Queen  commended 
to  the  choice  of  the  Society  one  William  Cole,  sometime  Fellow  of 
that  College,  afterwards  an  exile  in  Queen  Mary's  Reign,  suffering 
then  very  great  hardships  at  Zurich.  But,  when  the  prefixed  time 
of  Election  came,  the  Fellows,  who  were  most  inclined  to  the 
R.  Catholic  persuasion,  made  choice  of  one  Rob.  Harrison,  Master 
of  Arts,  not  long  since  removed  from  the  College  by  the  Visitor  for 
his  (as  'twas  pretended)  Religion,  not  at  all  taking  notice  of  the  said 
Cole,  being  very  unwilling  to  have  him,  his  wife,  and  children,  and 
his  Zurichian  Discipline  introduced  among  them.  The  Queen  here- 
upon annulled  the  Election,  and  sent  word  to  the  Fellows  again  that 
they  should  elect  Cole,  for  what  they  had  already  done  was,  as  she 
alledged,  against  the  Statutes.  They  submissively  give  answer  to 
the  contrary,  and  add  that  what  they  had  done  was  according  to 
their  consciences  and  oaths. 

147,  8)  a  Latin  letter,  addressed  by  thirteen  of  the  Fellows,  including  Simon 
Tripp,  Thomas  Twine,  and  John  Barfoot,  to  Dr.  Acworth,  Vicar-General  of  the 
Diocese  of  Winchester,  which  was  evidently  written  during  the  vacancy  of  the 
Presidentship,  after  the  retirement  of  Greenway.  Bp.  Home  apparently  was  ill  or 
otherwise  incapacitated,  and  Acworth,  who  was  acting  on  his  behalf,  had  appar- 
ently come  to  the  College.  The  object  of  the  letter  is  to  bespeak  the  good  offices 
of  Acworth,  in  order  to  prevent  the  election  (which  rested  with  the  seven  seniors) 
of  some  person  of  Romish  proclivities  (probably  Robert  Harrison) :  '  Fruere 
igitur  ista  vel  natura,  vel  moribus,  vel  virtute  tua ;  et,  quoniam  ad  judicium  exer- 
cendum  et  leges  conservandas  venisti,  noli  quseso  committere  ut  ita  te  misericordem 
prsebeas,  ut  justitise  tuse  te  oblivio  capiat :  ne  per  te  fiat  ut  in  nomen  et  fortunas 
nostras  homo  cum  multis  sceleribus  turn  papistria  contaminatus  invadat.'  As  Cole 
•was  admitted  by  the  Visitor  himself  in  the  Chapel  of  the  College,  according  to  the 
account  which  I  shall  presently  extract  from  Wood,  which  is  confirmed  by  the 
College  Register,  this  visit  of  Acworth  was  probably  made  previously,  at  the  time 
of  the  futile  election  of  Harrison.  The  document  shews  that  there  was  in  the 
College  a  strong  party  which  dissented  from  the  election  of  Harrison,  and  which 
probably,  during  the  early  years  of  his  Presidency,  would  be  favourable  to  Cole. 

1  See  Wood's  Annals,  vol.  ii.  pp.  148-151,  and  the  Memorials  of  Merton 
College  by  the  present  Warden  (The  Hon.  G.  C.  Erodrick),  published  by  the 
Oxford  Historical  Society,  1885. 


126  COLE  FORCED  ON  THE  COLLEGE. 

'The  Queen  not  content  with  their  answer  sends  Dr.  Home, 
Bishop  of  Winchester,  Visitor  of  the  College,  to  admit  him ;  but 
when  he  and  his  retinew  came,  they  found  the  College  gate  shut 
against  them.  At  length  after  he  had  made  his  way  in,  he  repaired 
to  the  Chapel,  where,  after  the  senior  Fellows  were  gathered  to- 
gether, told  them  his  business  not  unknown  (as  he  said)  to  them, 
and  then  asked  each  person  by  seniority  whether  they  would  admit 
Mr.  Cole ;  but  they  all  denying,  as  not  in  a  possibility  of  receding 
from  what  they  had  done,  pronounced  them  non  Socii,  and  then 
with  the  consent  of  the  next  Fellows  admitted  him.  About  the 
same  time  (viz.  21  July),  a  Commission  was  sent  down  from  the 
Queen,  directed  to  the  Chancellor  of  the  University,  the  said  Bishop 
of  Winchester,  Sir  William  Cecyll  Principal  Secretary,  Thomas 
Cooper,  Lawr.  Humphrey,  Doctors  of  Divinity,  and  George  Acworth, 
Doctor  of  the  Laws,  to  visit  the  said  College,  and  to  correct  and 
amend  whatsoever  they  found  amiss,  and  expel  those  which  were 
noted  to  be  delinquents.  The  sum  of  all  was  that,  after  a  strict 
enquiry  and  examination  of  several  persons,  they  expelled  some  as 
Roman  Catholics,  curbed  those  that  were  suspected  to  encline  that 
way,  and  gave  encouragement  to  the  Protestants. 

'Three  of  those  so  ejected  were  Edmund  Rainolds,  Miles  Windsore, 
and  George  Napier.  The  first,  who  was  elder  brother  to  John 
Rainolds,  receded  to  Gloucester  Hall  (a  place  to  which  lovers  of 
the  Catholic  Religion  retired  for  their  quiet)  where,  living  in  great 
retiredness,  arrived  to  the  age  of  92,  and  died  a  wealthy  man.  The 
second  lived  afterwards  for  the  most  part  in  Oxford,  and  became  not 
a  little  eminent  for  his  Learning  in  that  way  he  professed,  "  Antiquae 
Historic  artifex  peritus  (as  one  hath)  et  ornatissimus  Trilinguium 
meorum 1  Alumnus."  He  was  Author  of  a  Book  entitled  "Academi- 
arum,  quae  aliquando  fuere  et  hodie  sunt  in  Europa,  catalogus  et 
enumeratio  brevis."  He  wrote  also  a  little  book  of  the  Antiquity  of 
the  University  of  Oxford,  but  Mr.  Twyne's  coming  out,  before  he 
was  willing  to  publish  it,  stopped  the  Author  from  going  any  farther 
in  that  matter.  Several  Collections  of  his  Antiquities  I  have  seen, 
but  savour  too  much  of  credulity  and  dotage.  He  died  a  moderate 
Catholic,  or  such  as  we  call  a  Church  Papist,  an.  1624,  aged  86  or 
thereabouts,  and  was  buried  in  Corp.  Ch.  Coll.  Chapel,  to  which 
College  he  left  money  and  Books.  As  for  the  third,  George  Napier, 
he  went  afterwards  beyond  the  seas,  where  spending  some  time  in 

1  I.  e.  members  of  C.  C.  C.    See  p.  59. 


COMPLAINTS  OF  HIS  CONDUCT.  127 

one  of  the  English  Colleges,  that  was  about  these  times  erected, 
came  again  into  England  and  lived  as  a  seminary  Priest  among  his 
relations,  sometimes  in  Halywell  near  Oxford,  and  sometimes  in  the 
country  near  adjoining,  among  those  of  his  profession.  At  length, 
being  taken  at  Kertlington,  and  examined  by  one  Chamberlaine 
Esq.  a  Justice  of  the  Peace,  was  sent  Prisoner  to  the  Castle  of 
Oxford,  and,  the  next  Sessions  after,  being  convicted  of  Treason, 
was  on  the  9  Nov.  1610  hanged,  drawn,  and  quartered  in  the  Castle 
yard.  The  next  day  his  head  and  quarters  were  set  upon  the  4  Gates 
of  the  City,  and  upon  that  great  one  belonging  to  Ch.  Ch.  next 
to  St.  Aldate's  Church,  to  the  great  terror  of  the  Catholics  that  were 
then  in  and  near  Oxford.  He  was  much  pitied  for  that  his  grey 
hairs  should  come  to  such  an  end,  and  lamented  by  many  that  such 
rigour  should  be  shewn  on  an  innocent  and  harmless  person.  No 
great  danger  in  him  (God  wot)  and  therefore  not  to  be  feared,  but 
being  a  Seminary,  and  the  Laws  against  them  now  strictly  observed, 
an  example  to  the  rest  must  be  shewed.  Some,  if  not  all,  of  his 
quarters  were  afterwards  conveyed  away  by  stealth,  and  buried  at 
Sandford  near  Oxford,  in  the  old  Chapel  there,  joining  to  the  Manor 
House,  sometime  belonging  to  the  Knight  Templars. 

'As  for  Mr.  Cole  (who  was  the  first  married  President  that  Corp. 
Ch.  Coll.  ever  had),  being  setled  in  his  place,  acted  so  fouly  by 
defrauding  the  College,  and  bringing  it  into  debt  (not  to  be  re- 
cruited till  Dr.  Rainolds  became  President)  that  divers  complaints 
were  put  up  against  him  to  the  Bishop  of  Winchester,  Visitor  of 
that  College.  At  length  the  said  Bishop,  in  one  of  his  quinquennial 
Visitations,  took  Mr.  Cole  to  task,  and,  after  long  discourses  on 
both  sides,  the  Bishop  plainly  told  him, — "Well  well,  Mr.  President, 
seeing  it  is  so,  you  and  the  College  must  part  without  any  more  ado, 
and  therefore  see  that  you  provide  for  yourself."  Mr.  Cole  there- 
fore, being  not  able  to  say  any  more,  fetcht  a  deep  sigh  and  said — 
"What,  my  good  Lord,  must  I  then  eat  mice  at  Zurich  again?" 
meaning  that  must  he  endure  the  same  misery  again  that  he  did 
at  Zurich,  when  he  was  an  exile  in  Queen  Mary's  reign,  where  he 
was  forced  to  eat  carrain  to  keep  life  and  soul  together.  At  which 
words  the  Bishop  being  much  terrified1,  for  they  worked  with  him 
more  than  all  his  former  oratory  had  done,  said  no  more,  but  bid  him 

1  We  must  recollect  that  Bishop  Home  had  been  in  exile  with  Cole  at  Zurich, 
and  was  probably  (see  pp.  129,  30)  in  the  same  house  with  him,  where  they  may 
have  '  eaten  mice  '  together. 


128  STRYPE'S  ACCOUNT. 

be  at  rest  and  deal  honestly  with  the  College.  So  that  though  an  end 
was  for  that  time  put  to  the  business,  yet  means  were  afterwards  found 
that  he  should  resign  his  Presidentship  for  the  Deanery  of  Lincoln.' 

Wood  proceeds  to  state  that  the  principal  instrument  in 
bringing  about  the  Visitation  of  the  College  was  Robert 
Dudley,  Earl  of  Leicester,  then  Chancellor  of  the  University, 
'a  great  favourer  of  the  Calvinistical  Party ' ;  his  favourites 
in  the  University  having  reported  to  him  the  religious  con- 
dition of  the  College.  Cole's  name,  it  is  not  improbable,  may 
have  been  suggested  for  the  Presidency  by  Home  to  Leicester, 
and  by  Leicester  to  the  Queen. 

Two  accounts  of  these  same  events  are  given  by  Strype, 
one  in  his  Life  of  Abp.  Parker,  Bk.  Ill,  Ch.  20,  the  other  in 
his  Life  of  Abp.  Grindal,  Bk.  I,  Ch.  13.  The  latter,  as  giving 
some  particulars  not  contained  in  Wood's  account,  I  subjoin  : 

'  Complaints  came  up  this  year  concerning  the  prevalency 
of  Popery  in  Oxford  ;  and  particularly  in  Corpus  Christi, 
and  the  New  College,  and  that  of  Winchester  appertaining 
to  it.  Wherein  were  strong  parties  of  such  as  inclined  that 
way.  As  for  Corpus  Christi,  the  Queen  appointed  one  Cole, 
a  learned  and  a  good  man,  once  an  exile,  to  be  President 
there.  But  the  college  would  not  admit  him,  and  elected 
another,  named  Harrison,  who  had  before  left  the  college 
out  of  an  affectation  to  the  Popish  religion.  Insomuch  that 
the  Bishop  of  Winchester,  the  Visitor  of  that  college,  was 
fain  to  institute  a  visitation,  and  placed  the  said  Cole  by  force 
in  the  said  presidentship,  breaking  open  the  gates  of  the 
house  which  they  had  shut  against  him.  And  when  the 
said  Bishop  had  made  some  progress  in  visiting  the  house, 
in  order  to  the  purging  it  of  some  of  the  worst  affected 
Fellows,  they  were  so  refractory  and  abusive,  that  the  visiting 
Bishop  sent  a  letter  to  Parker,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury, 
shewing  that  it  was  his  judgment  that  the  irregularities  of 
this  college,  as  likewise  of  New  College  and  Winchester, 
would  be  better  remedied  by  the  Ecclesiastical  Commission 
than  his  private  visitation.  The  Archbishop  signified  this  to 
the  Bishop  of  London,  and  withal  sent  him  Winchester's 
letter.  He,  considering  the  stubbornness  of  these  University 


COLE'S  LIFE  IN  EXILE.  139 

men,  approved  of  the  counsel  of  bringing  them  before  the 
Commission,  perceiving  well  what  seminaries  of  irreligion 
and  disobedience  they  might  prove:  and  sending  the  letter 
back  again,  he  wrote  his  mind  at  the  bottom  briefly  in  these 
words,  "  My  Lords,  I  like  this  letter  very  well,  and  think,  as 
the  writer,  if  by  some  extraordinary  ready  [means  ;  or  ?  does 
it  =  remedy]  that  house  and  school  be  not  purged,  those  godly 
foundations  shall  be  but  a  nursery  of  adder's  brood,  to  poison 

the  Church  of  Christ. 

"  Edm.  London."  ' 

The  actual  measure  taken,  however,  was  to  issue  the  special 
Commission  mentioned  by  Wood. 

The  intervention  of  Hooker  and  his  pupil  George  Cranmer, 
mentioned  by  Strype  in  the  passage  above  referred  to  in  the 
Life  of  Abp.  Parker,  cannot  have  taken  place  at  this  time, 
it  being  simply  an  impossibility  from  the  comparison  of  dates, 
but  it  may  have  occurred  at  some  subsequent  period  during 
Cole's  Presidency. 

The  appointment  of  Cole  was,  in  one  respect,  a  return  to 
the  better  traditions  of  the  College ;  for,  like  its  first  three 
Presidents,  he  was  at  least  a  man  of  eminence  and  learning, 
and  had  sympathies  with  learned  men.  Expelled  from  the 
College,  or  taking  refuge  in  flight,  soon  after  the  accession  of 
Queen  Mary,  in  1553  or  early  in  1554,  he  is  spoken  of  by 
Humfrey  J  as  forming  one  of  the  band  of  English  Protestants 
who  composed  a  sort  of  literary  society  ('  in  hoc  literatissimo 
Collegio ')  round  Peter  Martyr,  at  Strasburg.  But  he,  with 
others,  soon  moved  to  Zurich,  where  he,  Robert  Home,  after- 
wards Bp.  of  Winchester  (with  whom  he  was  destined,  here- 
after, to  be  brought  into  very  different  relations,  the  two  being 
respectively  President  and  Visitor  of  Corpus),  Margery,  Home's 
wife,  Pilkington,  afterwards  Bp.  of  Durham,  Thomas  Lever, 
Master  of  St.  John's  College,  Cambridge,  Laurence  Humfrey, 
and  others,  twelve  in  all,  petitioned  the  Magistrates  of  Zurich, 
that  they  might  be  permitted  to  sojourn  in  their  most  famous 
city,  '  relying  upon  and  supported  by  your  sanction,  decree, 

1  Life  of  Jewel,  p.  87. 
K 


130  COLE'S  RETURN  TO  ENGLAND. 

and  protection  against  the  violence  of  those,  should  any  such 
be  found,  who  would  oppose  and  molest  us  V  These,  in  all 
probability,  were  the  twelve  persons  spoken  of  in  Humfrey's 
Life  of  Jewel,  p.  89,  who  lived  in  common  in  Froschover's 
House.  '  Accessimus  hue  ante  Petri  Martyris  adventum, 
Angli  aliquot  circiter  duodecim :  in  domo  Christophori  Fros- 
choveri,  Typographi  diligentissimi  et  honestissimi,  simul  fra- 
terne  et  jucunde  viximus,  et  ordinaria  pensa,  quasi  in  Gymnasio 
quopiam,  persolvimus.'  From  Zurich  Cole,  possibly  having 
first  spent  some  time  at  Basle  2,  must  have  removed  to  Geneva, 
arriving  there  in  the  summer  of  1557.  In  Burn's  History  of 
Parish  Registers  (2nd  Ed.,  p.  281)  the  names  are  given  'of  all 
such  persons  as  have  been  received  into  the  English  Church 
and  Congregation  at  Geneva.'  On  June  5,  J557>  were  received 
Ales  (Alice)  Agar,  other  members  of  the  Agar  family  and 
William  Cole.  During  his  residence  at  Geneva,  he  took  part 
in  the  translation  of  the  Scriptures,  which  is  known  as  the 
'  Geneva  Bible.'  Whether  he  returned  to  England  at  once 
on  Q.  Elizabeth's  accession3,  and,  whenever  he  did  return, 
where  he  lived,  or  how  he  occupied  himself,  we  do  not  know. 
He  certainly  was  not  '  restored  to  his  Fellowship,'  or,  at  least, 
if  so,  he  cannot  have  held  it  sufficiently  long  to  '  exchange  it 
for  the  Presidentship,'  which  is  the  '  conclusion  '  of  the  writer 
of  Cole's  life  in  the  Dictionary  of  National  Biography;  for, 
as  we  have  seen,  one  of  the  objections  to  Cole's  election  as 
President  was  '  his  wife  and  children,'  and  the  institution  of 
married  Fellows  had  not  then  been  invented. 

It  is  curious,  and  especially  in  that  age,  that  a  man  so 
learned  and  well  known  as  Cole  should,  if  we  except  his 

1  Zurich  Letters  (Parker  Society),  1537-1558.     The  date  of  this  letter  is  1554, 
but  no  day  or  month  is  given.     It  is  numbered  356. 

2  Several  of  the  letters  to  or  from  Cole  which  are  copied  in  vol.  ix  of  the 
Fulman  MSS.  (see  p.  132,  n.  3)  are  addressed  to  or  by  him  at  Basle.     He  may 
have  been  there  on  two  occasions,  but,  if  on  one  only,  it  was  probably  during  an 
interval  between  his  stay  at  Zurich  and  that  at  Geneva. 

3  The  reference  to  Strype's  Annals  I.  i.  343  (Clarendon  Press  Ed.),  i.  e.  Ch.  19, 
sub  1560,  where  it  is  said  that  he  took  part  in  the  Geneva  translation,  certainly 
does  not  bear  out  the  assertion  in  the  Diet.  Nat.  Biog.  that  '  Cole  was  among  those 
that  at  once  came  back  to  England.'     He  may  have  been  among  the  '  one  or  two 
more  '  who  '  stayed  behind '  with  Whittingham. 


HIS  CONDUCT  AS  PRESIDENT.  131 

share  in  the  Geneva  Bible,  have  left  behind  him  no  published 
works.  The  only  printed  matter  ascribed  to  him  are  a  few 
epistles  included  in  the  Zurich  Letters,  Second  Series, 
1558—1602,  and  these  mostly  deal  with  private  topics.  Some 
of  his  earlier  letters,  of  which  there  are  copies  in  the  Fulman 
MSS.,  vol.  IX,  are  somewhat  more  interesting,  as  illustrating 
the  great  privations  suffered  by  the  Marian  exiles,  but  they 
are  of  no  great  importance. 

William  Higford,  who  was  admitted  Commoner  of  C.C.C. 
in  1596,  during  Cole's  Presidency,  says,  in  The  Institution 
of  a  Gentleman,  that  his  '  father  had  for  his  tutor  doctor 
Cole,  an  excellent  governour1.'  And  this  direct  testimony 
is  indirectly  supported  by  such  circumstances  as  Bishop 
Jewel's  commendation  to  him  of  Hooker  and  by  the  sums 
of  money  frequently  entrusted  to  him  for  distribution  amongst 
poor  students,  for  which  see  The  Spending  of  the  Money  of 
Robert  Nowell,  edited  by  Mr.  Grosart  in  1877,  a  work  to 
which  I  shall  presently  refer  again  in  connexion  with  Hooker. 

But  there  can  be  no  doubt  that  in  his  relations  to  the 
Fellows  he  was  less  happy  than  in  his  relations  to  the 
Students.  Making  all  allowance  for  over-statement  and  for 
religious  and  personal  prejudice,  he  was  evidently  not  a  man 
of  conciliatory  disposition  or  one  who  was  likely  to  work  in 
harmony  with  colleagues.  Moreover  his  avarice  and  self- 
seeking  seem  to  be  established  beyond  doubt.  Antony 
Wood,  in  a  passage  already  quoted,  says  that  '  being  settled 
in  his  place,  he  acted  so  foully  by  defrauding  the  College  and 
bringing  it  into  debt  (not  to  be  recruited  till  Dr.  Rainolds 
became  President)  that  divers  complaints  were  put  in  against 
him  to  the  Bishop  of  Winchester,  Visitor  of  that  College.' 
The  repeated  appeals  to  the  Visitor  2  during  his  Presidency, 

1  See  Park's  additions  to  Wood's  notice  of  W.  Higford  in  Ath.  Ox.,  ed.  Bliss, 
vol.  iii.  429,  30.  The  author  of  the  article  on  Cole  in  the  Diet.  Nat.  Biog.  trans- 
fers this  testimony  from  Higford  to  Wood,  who  does  not  even  report  it. 

-  It  is  curious  that  in  Bp.  Home's  Register  in  the  Episcopal  Archives  at  Win- 
chester, though,  as  we  have  seen,  it  contains  a  very  long  account  of  a  Visitation  in 
Green  way's  time  (1566),  there  is  absolutely  no  mention  of  Cole  or  of  anything 
referring  to  him.  It  looks  as  if  Home  did  not  wish  to  perpetuate  the  recollection 
of  either  the  unconstitutional  proceedings  of  1568  or  of  his  friend's  shortcomings 

K  2 


132    DISPUTES  REGARDING  FINES  OF  COPYHOLDS. 

the  reported  conversation  between  them,  the  substantial  truth 
of  which  there  is  no  reason  to  doubt,  and  the  incidental 
notices  which  we  obtain  of  the  affairs  of  the  College  at  this 
time,  all  point  in  the  same  direction.  The  old  question  of 
the  fines  of  copyholds,  with  which  the  resignation  of  the 
two  previous  Presidents  was  not  improbably  connected,  still 
troubled  the  College  in  Cole's  time l. 

For  the  claim  put  forward  by  these  three  Presidents  there 
seems  to  be  no  statutable  authority.  But  it  not  unnaturally 
came  about  from  their  presiding  in  the  manorial  courts  and 
from  the  fines  being,  probably,  paid  to  them  personally  on 
the  spot2.  And  then  the  old  allowances, — the  commons,  the 
servants,  the  horses,  the  vests,  and  the  modest  stipend  of  ten 
pounds  yearly,  which  had  been  amply  sufficient  for  the  wants 
of  a  dignified  ecclesiastic  fifty  years  before,  were,  with  the 
increased  cost  of  all  articles  of  consumption,  and,  probably, 
the  more  ambitious  style  of  living,  becoming  inadequate  even 
for  a  single  man,  while  to  a  married  man  like  Cole,  with  an 
increasing  family,  and  associating  with  other  married  Heads, 
the  temptation  to  endeavour  to  augment  his  income  must 
have  been  exceedingly  strong.  Moreover,  men  who  have 
known  privations  in  early  life,  and  he  must  often  have 
fared  hardly  during  his  exile3,  are  usually  just  those  who 

in  his  office.  The  only  entry,  during  Cole's  Presidency,  is  a  notice  that  a  Personal 
Visitation  of  C.  C.  C.  was  begun  on  July  31,  1576. 

1  See  the  passage  quoted  above  from  Morice's  Dialogue  '  Nuttus,'  with  the 
note,  pp.  107,  108. 

2  In  the  decision  given  by  Bp.  Bilson  (MS.  437  in  College  Library,  almost  ad 
init.)  on  October  i,  1599,  in  reply  to  a  letter  from  Dr.  Reynolds,  it  is  stated  that 
the  President  is  'the  perpetual  governor  of  such  Tenants  and  Tenures  '  (Copy- 
holds), and  hence  it  is  argued  by  the  Visitor  that  there  is  '  great  reason  that  the 
President  alone  should  have  the  choice  of  the  persons  to  whom  such  grants  should 
be  made.'     But,  in  those  days,  it  would  have  been  strange  indeed,  if  he  had  the 
exclusive  choice  of  the  tenant,  that  he  should  not  have  exacted  a  personal  gratifi- 
cation for  the  favour.     The  subject,  however,  of  fines  on  College  copyholds  and 
leases,  at  this  time,  requires  a  separate  treatment,  and  I  have  attempted  a  brief 
summary  of  it  in  Appendix  A. 

8  In  the  Fulman  MSS.,  vol.  ix.  fol.  88-ni,  there  are  copies  of  several  letters  to 
and  from  Cole  during  his  exile.  They  are  not  particularly  remarkable  in  any 
other  way,  but  they  illustrate  the  extreme  indigence  to  which  he  was  reduced. 
Thus,  in  a  letter  written  during  the  early  part  of  his  exile,  while  he  was  still 
at  Strasburg,  he  writes :  '  Ego,  mi  Morwente,  cogor  Argentinam  reliuquere  inagno 


NICHOLAS  MO  RICE'S  DIALOGUE. 

set  the  greatest  value  upon  money.  But,  though  these  con- 
siderations may  be  pleaded  in  extenuation  of  Cole's  grasping 
and  probably  illegal  acts,  they  do  not,  of  course,  excuse  them. 
There  are  two  Manuscript  documents  which  incidentally 
throw  much  light  on  the  relations  of  Cole  with  the  Fellows 
and  other  matters  connected  with  the  College  during  his 
Presidency.  The  earlier  in  date  of  these  is  a  Collection  of 
Letters,  Speeches  and  Verses  now  in  the  British  Museum, 
numbered  Add.  MSS.  6251,  by  one  Simon  Tripp,  a  Fellow 
of  C.  C.  C.,  to  which  my  attention  was  kindly  directed  by 
Mr.  T.  W.  Jackson  of  Worcester  College.  The  later,  from 
which  I  have  already  quoted,  is  the  '  Dialogus  de  lustratione 
Geitonica,  qui  inscribitur  Nuttus,'  kindly  pointed  out  to  me 
by  the  Rev.  W.  D.  Macray.  It  describes  a  journey  taken 
with  the  President  and  others  for  the  purpose  of  holding 
manorial  courts  at  Heyford  and  Temple  Guiting,  together 
with  a  detour  which  they  made  to  Duntesbourne  Rouse,  in 
order  to  have  an  interview  with  the  former  President,  Boucher. 
Its  date  cannot  be  placed  earlier  than  1577,  as  its  author, 
Nicholas  Morice,  did  not  become  actual  Fellow  till  March  15, 
157?,  but,  as  one  of  his  friends,  Richard  Cobb,  who  seems 
to  have  been  well  acquainted  with  the  College  business,  did 
not  become  actual  Fellow  till  1581,  that  may  probably  be 
taken  as  the  earlier  limit1.  The  later  limit  is  fixed  by 
Boucher's  death  at  the  end  of  October,  1585,  as  the  interview 
with  him  at  Duntesbourne,  already  described,  took  place  on 
the  journey.  Both  these  writers  are  evidently  bitter  enemies 
of  Cole,  and  both  display  incidentally  the  consciousness  that 

meo  malo.  Nihil  enim  suppetit  unde  vivam  hac  hyeme  :  quippre  deseror  a  Cham- 
bero,  inopise  mese  rationem  nullam  habet.  Quse  cum  ita  se  habeant,  veniendum 
puto  ad  vos,  non  ut  de  vestro  suppeditetis  mihi,  sed  ut  auxilio  vestro  possit  impe- 
trari  aliquid,  quo  hyems  ista  exigatur  sub  tecto  ab  inclementia  cceli.'  fol.  105  b. 
Cole,  as  appears  from  these  letters,  was  exceedingly  unwilling  to  act  as  a  corrector 
of  the  press,  an  employment  which  seems  to  have  been  common  among  the  exiles. 
1  One  Englefield  is  also  mentioned  in  the  Dialogue.  If  this  is  the  same  Engle- 
field  who  is  mentioned  in  the  alphabetical  list  of  members  of  the  College,  given  in 
Fulman  MSS.,  vol.  xi,  as  having  become  Clerk  of  Accompts  ('  Clericus  Computi ') 
in  1582,  and  if  he  already  held  that  office,  the  limits  of  the  date  of  the  Dialogue 
are  reduced  to  some  time  between  1582  and  1585.  The  'clericus  computi,'  if 
there  was  one,  was  to  ride  with  the  President  on  progresses.  See  Statutes,  ch.  40. 


134  SIMON  TRIPP'S  LETTERS. 

they  are  regarded  by  the  opposite  party  as  inclined  to  the 
Roman  Catholic  religion,  a  circumstance  which  vitiates  their 
evidence  against  Cole  and  their  other  opponents. 

It  may  be  interesting,  if  I  give  a  few  extracts  from  these 
two  writings,  as  illustrating  the  state  of  parties  and  the  condition 
of  the  College  at  the  time.  I  shall  begin  with  Tripp's  Letters 
and  Speeches,  though  he  usually  writes  in  a  tone  of  such 
evident  exaggeration  that  his  letters  must  be  taken  rather 
as  an  index  of  the  state  of  feeling  in  one  of  the  parties  in 
the  College  than  of  the  real  condition  of  things.  In  a  letter 
to  Jewel  (p.  5>  without  date),  addressed  to  him  probably  as  a 
former  Fellow  of  the  College,  he  says,  with  much  other 
rhetorical  matter  to  the  same  purport :  '  Videor  mihi  videre 
prsesentem  ante  oculos  ruinam,  incensa  tecta,  flagrantes  aedes, 
collapsas  domos,  flentes  pueros,  ingemiscentes  viros,  et  penitus 

sparsos  fraterna  caede  penates Est  no'va  rerum  facies 

in  tuis,  Foxe,  sedibus.  Jacent  universae  leges,  subversa  jura, 
perversa  statuta,  conversa  omnia.  Nimirum  Paris  cum  nescio 
qua  Italica  Helena  perdite  omnia  perturbavit.  Somniavit 
facem  Hecuba,  Utinam  enixa  esset,  modo  Paris  nunquam 

extitisset Vident   fore,   brevissimo  tempore   decurso, 

ut  habeamus  non  septem  seniores.  sed  septem  juniores,  verius 
septem  pueros,  quorum  levissimis  ingeniis  res  gravissimae 
collabantur.'  The  allusions  made  by  both  Tripp  and  Morice 
to  the  fact  that  Cole  was  supported  by  the  Junior  Fellows 
are  really  a  high  tribute  to  his  influence  in  the  College,  and 
afford  an  indication  that  the  old  party  of  concealed  Romanists 
was  beginning  to  be  replaced  by  a  younger  generation  more 
loyal  to  the  established  faith  of  the  University  and  the  nation. 

Writing  to  one  Roger  Jhonson  in  1569  (pp.  18,  19),  he 
presents  us  with  a  graphic  picture  of  the  relations  which 
must  then  have  subsisted  between  the  two  religious  parties 
in  the  College :  '  Magna  est  hodie  apud  Oxonienses  veteris 
disciplines  perturbatio,  et  accurata  admodum  papisticae,  sic 
enim  appellant,  pravitatis  disquisitio.  Ante  paucos  dies  sub 
mediam  noctem  excitati  fuimus,  ut  omnes  cubiculorum  nos- 
trorum  anguli  excuterentur.' 

In   a  letter  to  Robert  Home,  Bp.  of  Winchester,  dated 


COLLEGE  LIFE  AT  THIS  TIME.  135 

7  Cal.  Mali,  1572,  he  writes  most  bitterly  about  Cole  ('  carbo') 
who  is  lighting  torches  to  burn  down  our  house.  '  Accusamur 
ego  et  Ruddus  suspectae  religionis.'  'Tres  e  nostris  infesti 
hoc  tempore  nobis  infensique  sunt,  Colus  Prasses,  Rainoldus 
et  Charnockus.'  (It  may  be  remarked  that  there  is  a  strong 
presumption  in  favour  of  the  party  with  which  John  Reynolds 
was  allied.)  '  Praesidi  non  probamur,  quia  saepe  jam  restitimus, 
ne  Collegii  bona,  quae  sitienter  appetit,  per  fraudem  averteret, 
et  quidem  restitissemus  semper.' 

It  appears  from  a  letter  written  to  Woolley  (p.  54)  in  1572, 
that  Tripp  had  been  delated  to  Leicester  as  suspected  of 
Popery.  There  can,  indeed,  be  no  doubt  that  he  formed 
one  of  the  faction  in  College  which  sympathised  with 
Romanism. 

In  this  Collection,  there  are  two  interesting  orations  throwing 
some  light  on  the  College  life  of  the  times.  One  of  these 
(p.  31),  delivered  October  12,  1571,  dilates  on  the  advantages 
of  the  life  at  Witney  (the  College  sanatorium)  over  that  at 
Oxford  ;  the  other  (p.  42),  delivered  Jan.  15,  i57f,  naively 
compares  the  luxuries  of  the  academic  life  with  the  sordid 
life  of  the  rustic  from  which  he  and  his  fellows  had  been 
rescued.  It  by  no  means  follows  from  this  comparison  that 
the  life  was  what  we  should  now  regard  as  luxurious,  or  even 
comfortable,  at  least  if  the  life  of  the  University  student 
continued  to  be  at  all  like  that  described  by  Thomas  Lever, 
twenty-two  years  before  this  time,  in  the  Sermon  at  St.  Paul's 
Cross  already  alluded  to,  on  p.  93  n.  2.  These  two  orations 
may  have  been  delivered  in  the  capacity  of  Latin  Reader,  to 
which  office  he  was  elected  in  1568. 

Tripp's  character  appears,  even  if  we  form  our  judgment 
only  on  his  own  letters,  in  no  favourable  light.  While  he  was 
indulging  in  the  grossest  abuse  of  Cole,  he  writes  a  letter  to 
him  (p.  39),  dated  Dec.  31,  1571,  couched  in  the  most  friendly 
terms,  congratulating  him  on  the  birth  of  a  son,  and  sending  a 
present  of  rose-water  to  Mrs.  Cole  (the  'nescio  quae  Italica 
Helena'  of  a  former  letter),  who,  it  appears,  had  just  been 
confined.  In  an  English  letter  to  Leicester  (p.  57),  he  ac- 
knowledges his  intervention  with  Cole  (which  it  seems  was 


136        TRIPP  AND  MO  RICE'S  HATRED  OF  COLE. 

unavailing)  for  a  Physician's  place  (''medicines  deputatus') 
in  the  College,  so  that  he  was  by  no  means  unwilling  to 
receive  favours  from  the  man  he  was  constantly  maligning. 

But  it  is  not  only  Tripp's  duplicity  in  his  religious,  Col- 
legiate, and  social  relations  which  is  revealed  in  these  letters. 
The  Collection  contains  several  communications  with  a  pupil, 
which  are  nothing  short  of  love  letters,  alluding  to  his  personal 
appearance  and  indulging  in  gross  flattery  of  his  social  and 
mental  gifts.  They  are  certainly  not  such  letters  as  would  be 
written  by  any  man  of  self-respect  or  of  a  healthy  mind 
to  a  boy,  and  his  own  consciousness  of  their  impropriety  is 
betrayed  in  the  request  that,  in  order  to  prevent  any  sinister 
interpretation  of  his  expressions  of  affection,  they  may  be 
destroyed  as  soon  as  read. 

The  other  book,  the  Dialogue  by  Morice,  has  already  been 
quoted  at  some  length.  I  will  now  extract  a  few  other 
passages  which,  for  one  cause  or  another,  are  interesting  in 
their  bearing  on  the  history  of  the  College.  The  whole  of 
the  Dialogue  is  pervaded  with  a  bitter  feeling  of  hatred  for 
Cole.  He  dwells  specially  and  repeatedly  on  Cole's  avarice. 
At  Heyford,  his  country  living,  he  had  (fol.  i  b)  instituted 
a  market  or  perhaps  a  sort  of  shop  ('  omnium  rerum  mercatum 
domesticum  Heifordise  instituerat '),  which  may  have  been 
quite  as  much  for  the  convenience  of  the  inhabitants  as  for 
his  own  gain.  On  their  return  journey  from  Temple  Guiting 
to  Heyford  (fol.  41  b),  they  catch  a  hare.  The  President 
pockets  it.  '  Leporem  capimus.  Praeses  asportavit :  bellum 
spectaculum ! '  Morice  describes  his  object  in  joining  the 
progress  as  being  the  consideration  and  alleviation  of  the 
miserable  condition  of  the  tenants,  his  friends  Nutt  and  Cobb 
having  urged  him  to  undertake  the  journey  '  ut  aliquas  cogita- 
tionum  mearum  partes  ad  villicorum  nostrorum  fortunas 
pessime  constitutas  derivarem.'  This  object  brought  him 
into  constant  and  inevitable  conflict  with  the  President.  '  In 
illo  temporis  mei  decursu  omnia  feci  quam  lenissime  ad  villi- 
corum miseriam  levandam,  quam  vehementissime  ad  consilia 
Praesidis  perfringenda.'  After  the  holding  of  the  Court  at 
Heyford,  two  persons  named  Northworth  and  Bethel  (the 


INCIDENTS  ON  *  PROGRESS.'  137 

latter  apparently  a  dismissed  Curate  of  Cole)  open  their  minds 
to  Morice  (fol.  lib):  '  Interea  Northworthus,  Bethelus  longum 
sermonem  de  foenore,  fastu,  asrario  Carboniano  rhecum  con- 
tulerunt.  Nemo  putabatur  in  usuris  grandibus  intolerabilior, 
in  fratrum  suorum  despicientia  superbior,  pecunia  de  sanguine 
nostro  detracta  abundantior.' 

Precisian  as  Cole  was,  he  does  not  seem  to  have  objected 
to  card-playing.  On  their  last  night  out,  which  was  spent  at 
Temple  Guiting,  the  President  calls  for  cards,  and  so  the 
opportunity  is  given  to  the  writer  to  compare  his  habits  with 
those  of  former  Presidents  (fol.  41  b) :  '  Mensa  tollitur.  Praeses 
chartas,  chartas  inclamat.  Lusitamus,  nee  oculi  nostri  usque 
ad  duodecimam  somnum  vident.  Joculariter,  scimus;  honeste. 
Quis  negat?  Verumtamen  illo  spacio  Claimundus  flexis 
genibus  orasset,  Chedsseus  studuisset,  Boucherus  stertisset, 
Morwenus  cum  villico,  Grenwaius  fortasse  cum  villica  sermones 
contulisset.' 

That  Cole  had  a  strong  party  amongst  the  Fellows  is 
plain  from  this  Dialogue  as  well  as  from  Tripp's  Letters. 
It  is  curious  to  find  them  still  described  contemptuously  as 
'  pueri '  (fol.  3  b),  though  a  considerable  interval  must  have 
elapsed  between  the  composition  of  the  two  writings.  It 
would. seem  as  if  Cole  had  the  knack  of  attaching  the  younger 
men,  and  then,  by  intercourse  with  the  other  Fellows,  they 
were  absorbed  into  the  ranks  of  his  opponents. 

John  Reynolds,  the  famous  theologian  who  was  Cole's 
successor,  is  spoken  of,  throughout  this  Dialogue,  with  respect 
and  even  reverence.  Thus,  on  the  morning  after  Morice's 
return,  when  he  is  giving  an  account  of  his  journey  to  his 
friends,  Nutt  and  Cobb,  it  is  proposed  (fol.  4  b)  to  call  in 
Reynolds,  through  whose  influence  it  is  said  that  he  had 
been  appointed  by  the  Seniors  as  the  College  representative, 
to  hear  the  story,  but  Morice  protests :  '  Communicabo  cum 
illo  rerum  capita  prsecipua,  singula  vero  narratione  putida  illo 
audiente  consectari  pudor  non  sinit.  Certum  est  enim  illud 
solemne  meum  institutum  servare,  ut  quomodo  ille  Scaevolam, 
sic  ego  Rainoldum,  cum  ineptus  esse  velim,  a  me  demittam.' 

On  fol.  ii  a  there  are  some  interesting  personal  traits  of 


138    PERSONAL  TRAITS  OF  HOOKER  AND  REYNOLDS. 

John  Reynolds,  Richard  Hooker 1,  and  a  less-known  Fellow  of 
that  time,  Leonard  Tayler.  After  what  we  should  now  call  a 
somewhat  "trying'  speech  at  the  Court  at  Heyford  from  one 
'  Vaghanus,'  who  was  probably  Steward  of  the  Manor,  Morice 
pictures  to  himself  what  would  have  been  the  attitude  of  some 
of  the  Fellows,  had  they  been  there  to  hear  it :  '  Huic  oratori, 
si  audientiam  fecisset,  Raynoldus  pluribus  in  locis  oculos  aver- 
tisset,  si  Hookerus,  demisso  capite2  subrisisset,  si  Tailerus, 
frontem  dextra  velasset,  risum  diu  tenuisset,  tandem  tamen 
invitus  edidisset.' 

In  1572,  Cole  became  Rector  of  the  College  Living  of 
Heyford  ad  Pontem  or  Lower  Heyford,  the  same  living  which 
had  been  held  by  Greenway.  This  preferment  he  continued 
to  hold  till  his  death  in  1600,  being  then  succeeded  by  his 
son  Thomas,  who  seems  to  have  been  a  very  eccentric 
person,  and  eleven  times  entered  himself  in  the  list  of 
burials  in  the  Parish  Register.  At  Heyford  he  appears 
partly  to  have  resided,  there  being  several  entries  con- 
nected with  his  family  in  the  Register,  and  Morice  speaking 
(fol.  42  a)  of  a  '  Heifordiana  villula '  at  which  he  left  the  rest 
of  the  party,  when  returning  from  the  Progress.  He  also,  at 
various  times,  though  some  of  his  preferments  were  resigned 
on  accepting  others,  held  two  other  livings,  and  was  Canon 
of  Salisbury,  Winchester,  and  Lincoln,  as  well  as  Archdeacon 
of  Lincoln  3,  of  which  diocese,  as  we  shall  see  presently,  he 
ultimately  became  Dean.  In  1577,  and  in  that  year  only, 

1  Richard  Hooker,  though  more  than  three  years  junior  to  the  author  of  the 
Dialogue,  as  a  scholar,  was  about  a  year  senior  to  him  in  age.  He  became  an 
actual  Fellow  on  Sept.  16,  1579,  so  that  the  allusion  to  him  in  the  Dialogue 
is  perfectly  natural.  Zachary  Hooker  did  not  become  even  Probationary  Fellow 
till  Dec.  23, 1587 ;  consequently  the  allusion  must  necessarily  be  to  Richard  Hooker. 
He  appears  (see  Paget's  Hooker,  vol.  i.  p.  25)  to  have  resided  till  the  end  of  1584. 

3  It  is  interesting  to  compare  with  this  description  that  of  John  Spenser,  in  his 
address  '  to  the  Reader,'  prefixed  to  his  edition  of  the  first  five  books  of  the 
Ecclesiastical  Polity  :  '  whose  eyes,  in  the  humility  of  his  heart,  were  always  cast 
down  to  the  ground.' 

8  See  Foster's  Alumni  Oxonienses,  Early  Series,  vol.  i.  I  take  this  opportunity 
of  expressing  the  great  obligations  under  which  all  students  of  University  history, 
as  well  as  many  others,  are  placed  to  Mr.  Foster  for  his  most  pains-taking  exer- 
tions in  compiling  this  and  similar  lists. 


EXPECTED   VACANCY  IN  THE  HEADSHIP.        139 

he  was  Vice-Chancellor  of  the  University,  being  the  first 
President  of  Corpus  who  acted  in  that  capacity.  We  find, 
in  the  Calendar  of  State  Papers,  Domestic,  under  the  date 
of  Nov.  24,  1577,  the  entry  :  'Dr  Wm.  Cole,  Vice-Chancellor 
of  Oxford  to  the  Council.  Additional  Information  as  to 
recusants  in  the  University  and  town  of  Oxford.  Inclosed, 
Certificate  of  the  recusants  within  the  University  and  town 
of  Oxford.' 

In  the  year  1579,  there  was  a  general  expectation  that 
Cole  was  about  to  resign,  and  the  friends  of  Barefoot  and 
Reynolds  respectively  began  to  exert  themselves  in  their 
favour  with  persons  likely  to  have  influence  with  Leicester. 
For  it  seems  to  have  been  taken  for  granted  that  a  recom- 
mendation would  be  made  by  the  Chancellor  to  the  Electors. 
The  expected  vacancy  appears  to  have  excited  great  interest 
in  the  University,  and,  when  it  was  supposed  that  Barefoot, 
who  was  Chaplain  to  Ambrose  Dudley,  Earl  of  Warwick, 
Leicester's  elder  brother,  was  likely  to  be  preferred,  several 
Heads  of  Houses  and  no  less  than  eighty  Masters  of  Arts 
addressed  a  letter  to  Warwick,  acknowledging  that  Barefoot 
was  '  a  man  in  whom  there  are  some  good  parts  of  learning,' 
'  but  to  be  governor  of  that  learned  Society,  we  think  him  in 
our  consciences  not  to  be  fit.'  This  letter  was  dated  Nov.  26, 
and,  according  to  Fulman  (vol.  IX.  fol.  182  b),  was  written  in 
1579  1.  About  the  same  time  probably,  or  shortly  afterwards, 

1  There  is  also  a  long  letter  in  English  from  Reynolds  to  Warwick,  (fol.  1780- 
1 79  b),  in  which  he  says  nothing  about  his  own  claims,  but  states,  with  modera- 
tion, the  objections  to  Barefoot,  who  is  acknowledged  to  have  good  parts,  and 
particularly  to  be  '  well  exercised  in  preaching  and  well  read  in  divinity,'  but  '  is 
fitter  to  make  some  other  kynd  of  instrument  for  the  warres  of  the  Lord  than  the 
President  of  a  College,  of  Corpus  Christi  College  chiefly.'  In  this  letter,  Reynolds 
speaks  of '  the  towardly  spring  of  our  youth,  which  never  flourishd  more,  I  thinke, 
than  it  doth  presently.'  The  extract  from  this  letter  is  undated.  In  two  letters  to 
Walsingham  (fol.  174  b-i76  a),  Reynolds'  language  against  Barefoot  is  almost 
unbecomingly  violent.  Thus  he  compares  his  candidature  for  the  Presidentship 
with  that  of  Catiline  for  the  Consulship.  He  has  always  resisted  his  nefarious 
endeavours  to  compass  the  object  of  his  ambition  :  '  Atque  utinam  vel  sanguine 
meo  potuissem  omnem  illi  prorsus  aditum  intercludere  :  ne  collegii  nostri  spoliis 
expleret  suam  et  suorum  cupiditatem  et  libidinem.' 

It  appears  incidentally  from  this  letter  that  the  Vice-President  acted  as  Mode- 
rator in  the  Divinity  disputations.  Barefoot  is  acknowledged  to  be  '  well  read  in 


140    EXPULSION  AND  RESTITUTION  OF  FELLOWS. 

letters  were  written  by  some  members  of  the  University 
(including  Humfrey  and  James)  to  Leicester  and  Walsingham 
commending  Reynolds  by  name  as  '  a  paynfull  preacher  and 
a  man  universallie  learned  in  the  Tongs  and  in  all  other  good 
knowleges  and  such  an  ornament  unto  the  Church  of  God  as 
that  foundation  hath  not  yelded  any  one  more  singular 
sythence  the  Reverende  Father  (of  good  memorie)  Bishoppe 
Jewell.'  To  these  letters  a  reply  was  sent  by  the  two 
Secretaries,  Walsingham  and  Wilson,  stating  that  they  had 
dealt  to  such  effect  with  Leicester  that,  notwithstanding  he 
had  already  recommended  another,  he  was  content  that  the 
Fellows,  without  respect  thereof,  should  use  their  liberties  and 
freedom  in  their  choice,  and  had  promised  not  to  be  displeased 
in  case  they  should  elect  Mr.  Reynolds.  In  their  own  behalf, 
the  Secretaries  wish  their  correspondents  to  give  what 
furtherance  they  can  to  the  election  of  Mr.  Reynolds  after 
Mr.  Cole  shall  have  resigned.  The  date  of  this  letter  is 
March  20,  i5|£.  On  the  Qth  of  April  following,  they  write 
to  Cole  actually  desiring  him  '  to  advance  the  preferment  of 
Mr.  Reynolds  as  much  as  may  be,  not  only  by  such  reasons 
as  you  know  and  think  best  to  persuade  them  withal,  but 
also  in  relinquishing  your  room  at  such  time  as  you  shall 
find  the  said  fellows  resolved  and  willing  to  accept  of  him 
in  your  stead.'  However  Cole  thought  better  of  his  intended 
resignation,  or  the  difficulties  occasioned  by  the  friends  of  the 
two  rival  candidates  induced  him  to  delay  it,  and  the  Fellows 
had  then  no  opportunity  of  electing  a  successor.  On  the 
9th  of  October,  1580,  Reynolds  writes  to  Sir  Francis  Knollys 
(fol.  1 80  a)  complaining  'of  the  unrighteous  dealing  of  one  of 
our  College '  (Barefoot)  '  who  hath  taken  upon  him,  against 
all  law  and  reason,  to  expell  out  of  our  house  both  mee  and 
Mr.  Hooker,  and  three  other  of  our  fellowes,  for  doing  that 
which  by  othe  we  were  bound  to  doo.'  The  matter  must  go 
before  the  Visitor,  but  he  asks  Knollys  to  desire  the  Bishop, 
by  letter,  to  let  them  have  justice — a  curious  request,  as  it 
seems  to  us,  which  significantly  marks  the  difference  between 

divinitie,  and  therefore  chosen  our  vicepresident,  to  be  the  moderatour  of  divinitie 
disputations.' 


NEGOTIATIONS  FOR  COLE'S  REMOVAL.  141 

the  conception  of  a  judicial  court  obtaining  in  those  days  and 
these l.  The  Visitor  (Bp.  Watson),  as  we  learn  from  a  letter 
written  by  Reynolds  to  Mr.  Secretary  Wilson,  Nov.  4  (Fulman, 
fol.  177),  restored  the  expelled  Fellows,  but  we  are  not 
acquainted  with  the  exact  charge  brought  against  them  or 
with  any  other  special  circumstances  of  the  case  2. 

In  1592,  Aylmer,  Bp.  of  London,  made  an  attempt  to 
obtain  the  Bishopric  of  Oxford,  first  for  the  then  Bishop 
of  Gloucester,  to  hold  in  commendam^  or,  if  Burghley  did  not 
approve  of  that  arrangement,  for  Cole,  but  neither  application 
was  acceded  to  3.  By  the  Statutes  of  Corpus,  the  President 
could  not  be  a  Bishop,  and,  consequently,  the  Presidency 
would  have  been  vacated,  had  Cole's  name  been  accepted. 
*  This  man,'  adds  Strype,  '  our  Bishop  not  long  before  recom- 
mended to  something  else,  but  succeeded  not.' 

On  Nov.  17,  1593,  Reynolds  had  the  Queen's  Mandate 
for  the  Deanery  of  Lincoln,  which  was  executed  on  Dec.  10, 
following,  though  he  was  not  installed  in  person  till  Sept.  10, 
1598.  In  writing  to  the  Countess  of  Warwick,  to  thank 
her  for  her  good  offices  (Fulman,  fol.  183),  he  expresses 
a  strong  preference  for  the  Presidency  of  C.  C.  C.,  as  giving 
him  more  opportunity  both  for  writing  and  for  'the  edu- 
cation and  training  up  of  youth,  some  for  the  ministerie 
of  the  Church  of  God,  some  for  charge  of  government  in 
the  Commonwealth.'  But  it  seems  that  the  Queen  had  refused 
to  grant  the  Deanery  to  Cole,  whether  from  a  prejudice 
against  him  or  because  she  was  not  at  that  time  inclined  to 
facilitate  Reynolds'  succession  to  the  Presidency  does  not 

1  A  Latin  letter,  to  the*  same  effect,  was  also  written  on  the  same  day  by  Rey- 
nolds to  Walsingham.     Fulman,  vol.  ix.  fol.  174. 

2  In  the  Fulman  MSS.,  vol.  ix.  fol.  182  b,  there  is  an  interesting  entry  about  the 
date  of  the  expulsion :  '  And  it  should  seem  that  afterward,  in  October  1580,  J  B 
took  occasion  to  expell  J  R  and  others,  though  I  once  thought  it  to  be  in  1579, 
and  so  told  Mr.  Walton,  who  thereupon  added  the  yere,  which  was  not  in  the 
copie,  but  in  the  margin.' 

In  Fulman,  fol.  216,  there  is  a  copy  of  a  petition  to  Bp.  Watson,  which  appears 
as  if  it  were  composed  by  Reynolds,  dated  Dec.  5,  1580,  soon  after  these  troubles, 
imploring  him  to  visit  the  College ;  the  main  reason  assigned  being  '  the  ambi- 
tious actions  and  counsels  of  Barefoot,'  which  were  bringing  ruin  on  the  Society. 
The  signatures  are  not  given. 

3  Strype's  Life  of  Aylmer,  pp.  no,  in  (Clarendon  Press  Ed.). 


143  COLE  APPOINTED  DEAN  OF  LINCOLN. 

appear.  In  a  letter  written  to  the  same  lady,  April  n,  1594 
(fol.  184),  Reynolds  seems  to  have  good  hopes  that  he  may  yet 
attain  his  object,  as  he  had  heard  that  the  Queen  'had  so 
good  words  of  comfort  for  anything  in  the  Universitie,  if  I 
accepted  Lincoln  first.'  This  and  other  letters  of  the  same 
period  are  written  from  Queen's,  where  he  now  occupied 
rooms,  having  resigned  his  Fellowship  at  Corpus,  as  we  shall 
see  presently,  in  1586.  From  a  letter  to  Barefoot,  who  was 
now  Archdeacon  of  Lincoln,  dated  July  29,  1594,  it  appears 
that  Sunday  prayers  in  the  Cathedral  had  been  suspended, 
on  account  of  the  controversies  and  dissensions  in  the  Chapter, 
which,  according  to  Barefoot,  needed  the  Dean  to  end  them. 
Reynolds  exclaims,  as  well  he  might,  '  Good  Lorde,  that  such 
a  dutie  in  such  a  place  should  be  omitted  at  such  a  time  by 
such  persons  and  on  such  occasion'  (namely  of  their  dis- 
sensions) ;  'yea,  when  the  Canaanites  and  the  Pherezites 
dwelt  in  the  land  (to  use  Moses'  woords),  the  Papistes  and 
the  Martinists.'  He  adds  pathetically :  '  Some  marvelled  at 
me,  that  I  left  a  certaintie  for  an  uncertaintie,  when  I  resigned 
my  fellowship  in  Corpus  Christi  College.  But  indeede  dis- 
sensions and  factions  there  did  make  me  so  weery  of  the 
place,  that  a  woorse  uncertaintie  than  so  noble  and  woorthy 
a  Knighte  as  Syr  Francis  Walsingham  would  have  woon  me 
from  it.  What  ?  And  must.  I  come  againe  into  a  company 
so  pitifully  distempered  with  the  same  humours,  that  the 
blisters  breaking  out  thence  are  more  loathsome  than  ever 
any  broke  out  in  Corpus  Christi  College  ? ' 

In  1598,  Elizabeth's  scruples,  from  whatever  cause  they 
may  have  originated,  seem  to  have  beeij  removed1,  and,  in 
November  or  December  of  that  year  (according  to  Fulman, 
vol.  IX.  fol.  85  b),  Cole  resigned,  a  step  which,  from  what  we 
know  of  his  character,  he  certainly  would  not  have  taken,  had 
he  not  seen  his  way  clearly  to  some  other  preferment.  On 
Dec.  u,  1598,  Reynolds  was  elected  President,  and  sworn  on 

1  Two  of  the  principal  actors  in  the  controversies  about  Cole's  successor,  when 
he  thought  of  resigning  in  1579  and  1580,  were  dead  when  his  resignation  actually 
took  place.  Barefoot  died  in  August,  1595,  and  Leicester  on  Sept.  4,  1588. 
Warwick  did  not  die  till  Feb.  20,  15!$. 


FREQUENT  APPEALS  TO   THE  VISITOR.          143 

Dec.  14.  Cole  was  collated  to  the  Deanery  of  Lincoln 
(according  to  Le  Neve's  Fasti)  on  Dec.  30  of  the  same  year, 
and  installed  2nd  June,  1599.  He  died  about  Michaelmas 
1600,  and  was  buried  in  the  Cathedral.  A  monument  was 
erected  to  him  by  his  eldest  daughter,  Abigail,  but  is  now 
destroyed. 

Cole's  Presidency  was  notoriously  memorable  for  the  number 
of  Visitations  and  appeals  to  the  Visitor.  Of  the  former  I 
have  already  spoken.  Of  the  latter,  there  is  only  one  which 
is  now  of  sufficient  interest  to  merit  notice,  and  this  is  inter- 
esting on  account  of  the  two  or  three  points  of  contrast  which 
it  brings  out  between  the  practice  and  ideas  of  those  times 
and  of  our  own. 

In  the  year  1578  (June  9)  the  College  generally  seems  to 
have  been  startled  by  the  President  and  Seniors  electing  to 
the  office  of  Greek  Reader  a  young  man,  who,  though  a 
member  of  the  College,  was  neither  Fellow,  Probationer,  nor 
even  Scholar.  This  was  John  Spenser,  who,  nearly  thirty 
years  afterwards,  became  President,  as  Reynolds'  successor. 
He  had  not  yet  attained  his  nineteenth  year,  and,  according 
to  Fulman  (fol.  229),  was  a  Clerk,  according  to  Reynolds,  a 
Famulus  Collegii l.  Such  an  appointment,  if  there  were, 
among  the  older  and  more  dignified  members  of  the  College, 

1  See  Fulman  MSS.,  vol.  ix.  fol.  i88a.  This  appeal  to  the  Visitor,  though  in 
the  name  of  certain  Fellows,  is  said  by  Fulman  to  have  been  in  Reynolds'  hand- 
writing. The  copies  of  the  various  documents  addressed  to  the  Visitor  on  this 
subject  occupy  from  fol.  188  a  to  191  b  in  the  Fulman  MS.  '  Famulus  Collegii ' 
may  be  used  in  a  loose  sense,  so  as  to  include  the  Clerks.  But,  if  used  in  a  strict 
sense,  Spenser  was  probably  one  of  the  two  '  Famuli  Prsesidis,'  namely  that  one 
(the  other  being  the  '  equiso  '  or  groom)  who,  by  this  time,  had  probably  come  to 
act  as  a  sort  of  Secretary.  See  the  original  Statutes,  ch.  17. 

That  Reynolds,  who  had  created  the  vacancy  in  the  Readership,  took  a  pro- 
minent part  in  the  Appeal  I  do  not  doubt,  but  I  cannot  suppose  with  Mr.  Keble 
(Editor's  Preface  to  Hooker's  Works)  that  Reynolds  was,  in  any  way,  actuated  by 
theological  hostility  to  Spenser,  who  was,  indeed,  almost  too  young  to  have 
excited  any  such  feeling.  There  is  not  a  word  in  the  various  documents,  now 
extant,  which  supports  any  such  view,  nor  any  evidence  what  opinions  Spenser 
entertained,  while  the  appointment  of  so  mere  a  youth  to  so  important  an  office 
would,  in  any  College  at  any  time,  have  been  almost  certain  to  excite  similar 
opposition. 


144    DISPUTE  REGARDING  THE  GREEK  READERSHIP. 

others  equally  fitted  for  the  office,  or,  as  the  protesting  Fellows 
assert,  much  better  fitted,  was  certainly  a  grave  scandal. 
And  the  appointment  was  probably  not  rendered  more  accept- 
able to  a  large  number  of  the  Fellows  by  the  fact  that  young 
Spenser  was  Mrs.  Cole's  brother  (fol.  189  a),  even  though  the 
President  had  not  actually  proposed  him,  but,  as  he  said,  only 
acquiesced  in  the  nomination.  There  are  no  less  than  four 
letters  in  the  Fulman  MSS.,  addressed  to  the  Visitor  on  this 
subject,  in  which  it  is  maintained  that,  in  the  capacity  of  a 
member  of  the  College,  Spenser  was  ineligible  on  the  ground 
that  he  was  neither  a  Fellow  nor  a  Probationer,  as  required 
by  the  Statutes,  and  that,  if  he  were  to  be  regarded  as  an 
extern,  he  was  not  a  person  of  that  eminence  which  the 
Founder  contemplated.  Moreover,  much  stress  is  laid  on 
his  youth.  The  Visitor  had  only  to  see  him,  in  order  to 
recognise  his  inadequacy.  'Non  dubito  quin  ipse  non  dico 
si  nosses  penitus,  sed  si  videres  modo,  futurum  minus  parem 
oneri  judicares'  (fol.  191  b).  Then,  there  was  the  indignity 
cast  on  other  members  of  the  College.  '  Istae  causae  nos  com- 
moverunt,  Pater  in  Christo  nobis  colendissime,  ut  adolescen- 
tulum  quern  semper  amavimus,  et  quantum  potuimus  in 
studiis  promovimus,  Lectorem  tamen  esse  publicum,  qui  loco 
tarn  celebri  tantum  onus  sustineat,  qui  censor  sit  multorum 
se  superiorum,  corrector  seniorum,  magister  doctiorum,  moder- 
ator puerorum,  nee  ipsi  nee  Collegio  commodum  putemus ' 
(fol.  189  a).  The  Visitor,  quite  rightly,  confined  himself 
entirely  to  the  interpretation  of  the  Statutes,  without  entering 
on  the  more  general  questions  of  personal  fitness,  and  decided 
that  the  President  and  Seniors,  in  their  election  of  Spenser, 
had  not  exceeded  their  statutable  authority ;  for  '  under  the 
word  "  alius "  the  Founder  alloweth  a  mere  stranger  to  be 
elected  ;  and,  therefore,  one  of  his  own  foundation,  although 
neither  Fellow  nor  Scholar,  may  well  be  comprehended  as 
"alius"1.'  Had  he,  as  a  modern  judge  would  do,  looked  to 
the  intent  of  the  Statute,  as  well  as  to  its  mere  grammatical 
construction,  he  might  have  arrived  at  a  different  conclusion. 

1  There  are  usually  one  or  more  copies,  and  not  infrequently  the  original,  of  the 
Visitors'  decisions  still  existing  in  the  College  archives. 


DEPRIVATION  OF  NICHOLAS  MO  RICE.  145 

In  reply  to  a  private  letter  from  Dr.  Cole,  and  without  any 
formal  appeal  on  the  matter  brought  under  his  notice,  though 
it  was  undoubtedly  one  with  which  he  would  have  been 
statutably  empowered  to  deal  at  a  quinquennial  visitation,  the 
Visitor  (Thomas  Cooper),  in  1588,  addressed  a  letter  to  the 
President  touching  one  about  whom  we  have  already  heard 
a  good  deal,  Nicholas  Morice,  who,  though  the  time  for  taking 
the  step  had  long  since  arrived,  had  not  yet  assumed  Holy 
Orders l.  The  Letter  exhibits  so  curious  a  view  of  the  duties 
of  a  Visitor  (an  office  which  is  really  judicial,  and,  therefore, 
implies  the  obligation,  at  least,  of  acquaintance  with  the  law 
to  be  administered,  and  of  not  concerting  measures  beforehand 
with  a  possible  party  to  a  suit)  that  I  subjoin  it  in  full : 

To  The  Right  Worshipful,  my  loving  friend,  Mr  Dr  Cole, 
President  of  Corp.  Ch.  Coll.  in  Oxford. 

Mr  President 

After  commendations,  I  have  received 

your  letters  touching  Mr  Morrice,  and  for  my  parte  I  do  not 
mislike  that  he  should  be  called  to  the  Ministry,  especially  if 
the  Statute  and  Custome  of  the  House  do  not  warrant  one  in 
that  office 2  to  be  clear  from  the  Ministry :  and  I  do  think 
rather  some  slackness  that  he  hath  not  bin  called  unto  it 
sooner,  being  a  man  so  long  a  time  and  so  greatly  suspected, 
as  you  know.  Your  Statute  in  that  case  I  remember  not, 
neither  have  time  to  peruse  it,  but  this  I  remember  that  Dr 
Belley,  having  that  office  many  years  together,  was  never 
called  to  the  Ministry.  If  so  be  you  think  this  your  action 
fully  warranted  by  the  Statute,  and  he  may  by  that  means  be 
removed,  I  will  not  deal  any  further  touching  him  :  If  not, 
I  will  call  unto  me  the  hearing  of  the  matter,  and  send  both 
for  them  that  be  best  able  to  charge  him,  and  also  for  himself 

1  In  the  Dialogue  (fol.  nb,  12  a),  it  appears  that  Morice  was  not  in  Holy 
Orders  :  '  Petunt '  (i.  e.  Northworth  and  Bethel)  '  ergo  a  me  ut  ego  verbi  si  non 
officiosus  minister,  at  acerrimus  defensor,  ministrum  verbi,  verbi  ministro,  id  est 
Colum  Bethelo  reconciliarem.' 

2  The  office  was  that  of  Latin  or  Humanity  Reader.     There  seems  to  be  no 
doubt  that,  if  a  Reader  became  a  Fellow  and  was  not  '  Medicinse  deputatus,' 
he  was  under  the  obligation  to  assume  Holy  Orders. 

L 


146  POWERS  OF  THE  SEVEN  SENIORS. 

to  make  answer  to  that  he  shall  be  charged  withall  ;  which  I 
think  not  to  be  the  worst  course  for  the  better  satisfying  of 
his  Uncle,  my  very  honourable  and  good  friend.  And  yet 
I  assure  you  neither  his  friendship  nor  any  subject  in  England 
shall  move  me  to  deal  hollowly  in  the  course,  or  any  way  to 
seek  the  hinderance  of  the  true  meaning  of  your  statute.  Let 
me  have  answer  from  you  with  as  much  speed  as  you  can. 
Thus  fare  you  heartily  well,  the  4th  of  July,  1588.  Your 

Worship's  loving  friend 

Thomas  Winton. 

We  have  no  positive  information  as  to  the  issue  of  this  cor- 
respondence, but,  as  a  Somersetshire  Fellowship  was  filled  up 
within  the  next  seven  months,  there  is  a  presumption  that 
Morice  was,  some  way  or  other,  got  rid  of.  That  he  was  sus- 
pected of  Romish  proclivities,  of  which  there  were  some 
indications  in  the  Dialogue,  is  abundantly  evident  from  this 
letter. 

In  an  interpretation  of  the  Statute  (Ch.  6)  '  De  Vice-Praesi- 
dentis  electione,'  which  is  no  longer  of  any  interest,  Bishop 
Cooper  (March  13,  159^)  makes  some  disparaging  remarks 
on  the  present  as  compared  with  the  past  condition  of  the 
College  :  '  Could  he  '  (the  Founder)  '  have  conceived  such  an 
alteration  as  we  in  our  days  do  see,  I  think  in  my  conscience 
it  would  have  added  some  limitation  to  the  election  made  by 
five'  (i.  e.  by  five  out  of  seven  seniors,  without  the  consent  of 
the  President).  '  I  may  remember  the  first  President  that 
ever  was  there,  and  the  residue  that  have  followed.  I  re- 
member also  well  the  state  of  the  house  for  the  space  of  these 
fifty  years  and  upwards,  in  the  most  part  of  which  time  I  have 
always  known  in  that  house  eight  or  nine  fellows,  for  years 
and  degree,  for  gravity,  learning  and  discretion  very  sufficient 
to  have  been  President  of  the  house.  And  therefore  I  mer- 
vail  not  that  your  founder  did  attribute  so  much  unto  them, 
but  how  far  it  is  now  otherwise  by  great  change  fallen  to  that 
University  the  world  seeth  and  I  need  not  to  declare  it.' 
While  compelled  to  decide  in  favour  of  the  contention  of  the 
five  out  of  seven  seniors,  the  Visitor  lays  great  stress  on  the 
many  and  serious  inconveniences  which  may  result '  if  four  or 


PROPORTIONATE  WEALTH  OF  THE  COLLEGES.     147 

five  young  men  of  small  experience,  under  colour  of  the  Statute, 
shall  draw  unto  themselves  the  election  and  government  of 
the  whole  house,'  and  '  the  head  shall  be  made  a  subject,  and 
a  ruler  a  person  over-ruled.' 

In  the  year  1592,  the  Colleges  were  all  taxed  for  the  enter- 
tainment of  Queen  Elizabeth,  on  the  occasion  of  her  visit  to 
Oxford  in  that  year.  Corpus  was  taxed  on  the  basis  of  a 
rental  of  ^500  a  year,  All  Souls  the  same,  Ch.  Ch.  ,£2000, 
Magdalen  £1200,  New  College  £1000,  Merton  and  St.  John's 
^"400  each,  University  and  Balliol  .£100  each.  These  being 
described  as  '  Old  Rents '  (Gutch's  Collectanea  Curiosa,  vol.  I. 
pp.  190,  i),  the  actual  revenues  were,  of  course,  a  good  deal 
higher,  but  it  is  interesting  to  note  the  proportionate  wealth 
of  the  different  Colleges. 

By  far  the  most  distinguished  member  of  the  College 
admitted  during  Cole's  Presidency,  and  perhaps  the  most 
distinguished  admitted  at  any  time  during  its  history,  was 
Richard  Hooker.  According  to  Izaak  Walton's  account, 
'  about  the  fifteenth  year  of  his  age,  which  was  anno  1567, 
he  was  by  the  bishop '  (John  Jewel,  Bishop  of  Salisbury,  to 
whom  Hooker's  uncle,  John  Hooker1,  alias  Vowell,  Cham- 
berlain of  Exeter,  and  a  contributor  to  and  continuator  of 
Holinshed's  Chronicles,  had  introduced  him)  'appointed  to 
remove  to  Oxford,  and  there  to  attend  Dr.  Cole,  then  presi- 
dent of  Corpus  Christi  college  ;  which  he  did  ;  and  Doctor 
Cole  had  (according  to  a  promise  made  to  the  bishop)  pro- 
vided for  him  both  a  tutor  (which  was  said  to  be  the  learned 
Doctor  John  Reynolds)  and  a  clerk's  place  in  that  College : 
which  place,  though  it  were  not  a  full  maintenance,  yet  with 
the  contribution  of  his  uncle,  and  the  continued  pension  of  his 
patron,  the  good  bishop,  gave  him  a  comfortable  subsistence.' 
The  year  of  Hooker's  entrance  at  Oxford,  as  given  by  Walton, 

1  This  John  Hooker,  alias  Vowell,  is  said  by  Wood  (Ath.  Oxon.  sub  nomine)  to 
have  been  '  educated  in  grammar  and  logic  for  a  time  in  this  university,  either  in 
Exeter  or  C.  C.  Coll.,  but  whether  he  took  a  degree,  our  registers,  which  are  in  the 
time  of  K.  Edw.  6  very  imperfect,  shew  not.'  There  is  no  mention  of  him  in 
either  A.  Clark's  University  Register  or  (at  least  in  connexion  with  that  College)  in 
Boase's  Exeter  Coll.  Register. 

L  2 


14-8  COLLEGE  LIFE  OF  RICHARD  HOOKER. 

must  be  too  early,  as  Cole  did  not  become  President  till  July 
19,  1568.  The  age  may,  however,  be  correct,  as,  according  to 
the  entry  in  the  College  Register,  made  when  he  was  admitted 
'  Discipulus '  (Scholar),  he  must  have  been  born  about  Easter 
1554.  There  is  no  entry  in  the  Register  of  his  appointment 
as  Clerk  (an  office  which  was  in  the  gift  of  the  President), 
but,  in  the  earlier  years  of  the  College,  the  entries,  except 
those  of  Fellows  and  Scholars,  though  they  do  sometimes 
occur,  are  very  sporadic.  If  Hooker  really  matriculated  at 
this  early  age,  he  was  probably  first  appointed  Chorister  (a 
place  also  in  the  gift  of  the  President)  and  promoted  to  be 
Clerk  afterwards.  Any  way,  he  was  not  admitted  '  Disciple ' 
(or,  according  to  the  present  designation,  Scholar)  till  Dec.  24, 
1573,  though,  as  no  other  native  of  the  county  of  Devon  had 
been  elected  since  Feb.  7,  156^,  we  cannot,  from  this  fact, 
draw  any  inference  as  to  his  having  entered  Corpus  at  a  later 
age  than  that  assigned  by  Walton.  In  his  admission  as 
Disciple,  he  is  described  as  '  quendam  Ricardum  Hooker 
viginti  annorum  aetatis  circiter  festum  paschae  proxime  futu- 
rum  l  natum  in  comitatu  Devoniensi,  electum  pro  comitatu 
Southamptonensi.'  The  election  of  a  Scholar,  who  was  a 
native  of  one  county,  on  the  foundation  of  another  was  not 
uncommon,  a  readjustment  taking  place  when  an  opportunity 
offered.  It  is  more  important  to  notice  that  the  statutable 
limitation  of  age  at  the  time  of  election  to  a  Scholarship  was 
nineteen,  though,  in  the  Supplementary  Statutes,  it  was,  in 
case  of  extraordinary  and  pre-eminent  excellence  ('  egregie 
eruditus,  et  caeteris  illius  aetatis  longe  praestantior'),  extended 
to  one  and  twenty.  Hooker's  was  one  of  the  very  rare  cases 
in  which  the  Electors  availed  themselves  of  this  liberty.  On 
Sept.  16,  J5775  he  became  Probationary  Fellow  ('  Scholaris'), 
and,  in  due  course,  after  the  lapse  of  the  statutable  period  of 
two  years,  full  Fellow  ('  verus  et  perpetuus  socius ').  The 
record  of  admission  as  Probationary  Fellow  gives  no  new 
information,  except  that  he  was  now  Master  of  Arts. 

Hooker  seems  to  have  been  emphatically  a  '  poor  student,' 

1  In  J574.  Easter  Day  fell  on  April  n  ;  in  1554,  tne  year  of  Hooker's  birth,  on 
March  25. 


HIS  NEED  OF  PECUNIARY  ASSISTANCE.          149 

and  we  happen  to  possess  some  peculiarly  interesting  records 
of  the  assistance  tendered  to  him.  Robert  Novvell  (brother  of 
Alexander  Nowell,  Dean  of  St.  Paul's)  left  to  trustees  a  con- 
siderable sum  of  money  to  be  distributed  amongst  poor 
scholars  in  Oxford,  possibly  a  less  pleasant  and  flattering,  but 
certainly  a  more  efficacious,  mode  of  affording  assistance  to 
those  really  in  need  of  it  than  the  present  system  of  competi- 
tive scholarships.  The  account  of  the  distribution,  under  the 
title  of '  The  Spending  of  the  Money  of  Robert  Nowell,'  was 
edited  from  one  of  the  Towneley  Hall  MSS.,  and  printed  for 
private  circulation  only,  by  the  Rev.  A.  B.  Grosart,  in  1877. 
Hooker  was  assisted  out  of  this  benefaction  on  no  less  than 
five  occasions,  and  it  is  curious  that,  in  these  five  entries,  his 
name  is  spelt  in  no  less  than  three  different  ways.  They  run 
as  follows  : 

p.  206  Rychard  hoocker  XXs.  (This  entry  occurs  in  a  long 
list  of  names.  The  date  of  the  actual  distribution, 
in  each  case,  is  not  appended,  but  the  memorandum 
that  the  sums  had  all  been  duly  paid  is  signed  by 
the  distributors  on  July  29,  1570.  See  p.  214. 
Cole  was  one  of  the  persons  to  whom  the  dis- 
tribution of  the  benefaction  was  entrusted.) 

p.  220  To  Mr  Doctor  Cole,  presydente  of  Corpus  Christe 
Colledge  in  Oxforde,  to  the  use  of  tow  poor 
schollers  the  one  ys  Named  Thomas  Cole,  the 
other  Rychard  hooker  the  xxxth  of  Januarye  A° 
1571  <i.  e.  157!)  and  Thomas  Coole  hade  xxx8 
of  theys  and  thother  Xs,  as  appeareth  by  Mr 
Coole  bill.  {This  entry  is  in  the  Autograph  of 
Dean  Alexander  Nowell.} 

p.  220  To  Richard  hooker  of  Corpus  Christie  colledge  the 
XIIth  of  februarye  Anno  1571  (i.e.  i57i)  to  bringe 
hym  to  Oxforde  ii  vi"1.1 

1  This  date  is  probably  that  of  Hooker's  return  to  Oxford  after  a  visit  to  his 
parents  at  Exeter  on  recovering  from  a  serious  illness,  the  circumstances  of  which, 
including  his  affecting  interview  with  Jewel  at  Salisbury,  are  so  feelingly  told 
in  Walton's  Life. 


1 50  COLLEGE  LIFE  OF  RICHARD  HOOKER. 

p.  224  To  one  Rycharde  hooker  scholler  of  corpus-chrlstie 
Colledge  in  Oxforde  the  VIII0  of  Marthe  A°  1573 
(i.  e.  157!)  iiis  iiiid. 

p.  226  Too  Sr  huker  (i.  e.  B.A.)  of  Corpus  christie  college 
in  Oxforde,  the  XXVIIIth  of  Aprell  1575.  v8. 

It  may  be  noticed  that,  on  p.  212,  Mylles  Smythe,  after- 
wards Bp.  of  Gloucester,  one  of  the  translators  of  our 
Authorized  English  Bible  and  author  of  the  dedication 
and  preface  '  To  the  Reader,'  is  also  mentioned  as  one 
of  the  Corpus  recipients,  or  '  Reteyners  at  Corpus 
christie  colledge,'  of  the  Nowell  benefaction. 

The  dates  of  the  actual  distribution  of  this  sum,  as  I  have 
said  before,  are  not  given,  but  the  memorandum  that  the 
sums  in  a  very  long  list  had  all  been  duly  paid  is  signed 
by  the  distributors  on  July  29, 1570,  a  date  which  tallies 
very  well  with  Antony  Wood's  statement  that  Smythe 
was  a  student  at  Corpus,  about  1568. 

I  owe  to  Dean  Paget  of  Ch.  Ch.,  who,  together  with  the 
late  Dean  Church,  has  earned  the  gratitude  of  all  interested 
in  Hooker  by  their  revision  of  Keble's  edition  of  his  Life  and 
Works,  my  knowledge  of  another  record  of  the  same  kind. 
Dr.  George  Oliver  of  Exeter,  some  years  ago,  made  a  copy, 
which  he  contributed  to  a  local  paper  (the  Exeter  Flying 
Post),  of  the  following  Resolution  passed  by  the  Mayor  and 
Chamber  of  the  city  of  Exeter,  Sept.  21,  1582  :  '  Agreed,  that 
Richard  Hoker,  the  sonne  of  Roger  Hoker  deceased,  and  now 
a  student  of  Corporis  (sic)  Christi  College  yn  Oxford,  shall 
have  the  yearly  pencion  or  annuytie  of  foure  poundes  to  be 
paid  quarterly  2os,  and  the  sayd  payment  to  contynewe  as 
long  as  it  shall  playse  this  house,  and  the  first  payment  to 
begyne  at  Michaelmas  next.'  Dr.  Oliver  notices  that  Hooker 
became  M.A.  and  a  Fellow  of  his  College  in  1577,  and  Deputy 
Professor  of  Hebrew  in  1579,  nad  several  distinguished  pupils 
under  his  charge,  and  in  1581  was  appointed  to  preach  at  St. 
Paul's  Cross.  '  How  to  reconcile  these  dates  with  the  reso- 
lution we  are  at  a  loss  to  decide.5  '  Had  the  resolution  passed 
ten  years  earlier,  all  difficulty  would  be  cleared  away.'  It  is 


BENEFACTIONS  GRANTED  TO  HIM.  151 

not  impossible,  however,  that  Hooker  may  have  been  glad  of 
an  augmentation  of  £4  a  year  to  his  income  even  in  1582,  and 
the  word  '  student '  was  not  then  confined  to  young  men  in 
statu  pupillari.  The  Fellows  had,  at  that  time,  hot  disputes 
with  the  President  on  the  division  of  the  revenues,  and  it  is 
possible  that  the  value  of  a  Fellowship  may  have  been  very 
small.  Moreover,  books  were  then  a  heavy  item  of  expenditure, 
and,  though  the  College  Library  was  a  good  one,  the  Public 
Library  had  long  ceased  to  exist  and  was  only  restored  by  the 
munificence  of  Sir  Thomas  Bodley  at  the  beginning  of  the 
next  century.  There  are  two  very  curious  entries  in  the 
'  Spending  of  the  Money  of  Robert  Nowell ' : 

p.  230  :  '  Too  Mr  Barfoot  Mr  of  Art,  of  Corpus  christie  Col- 
ledge,  the  XIth  of  Maye  1576.    x8.' 
'  Too  one  Mr  Barefoote  of  Corpus  christie  Colledge 
the  XXVIIth  of  Martch  1579.   iiiu  vi8  viiid.' 

Now  Barefoot  was,  on  both  occasions,  Vice-President  of  the 
College,  was,  on  the  second  occasion,  over  thirty-two  years  of 
age,  and  had  been  elected  Fellow  as  long  ago  as  1566.  It  is 
true  that  Reynolds  says  of  him,  in  a  letter  already  quoted 
(Fulman  MSS.,  vol.  9.  fol.  178, b),  that  he  was  'no  great  good 
husband  of  his  owne  estate,'  but  how  do  we  know  that  Hooker 
was  a  better  ? 

Hooker's  expulsion  from  his  Fellowship,  in  1579,  and  his 
speedy  restoration  have  already  been  mentioned  (pp.  140,  141). 
It  is  to  be  observed  that  the  expulsion  was  pronounced  by 
Barefoot,  then  Vice-president,  not  by  Cole,  with  whom  there 
is  no  reason  to  suppose  he  was  ever  at  enmity,  and,  as  Cole 
was  his  early  patron,  we  may  trust  that  this  was  never  the  case. 
The  personal  traits,  his  bended  head  and  his  smile,  '  demisso 
capite  subrisisset,'  have  too  already  been  noticed  in  connexion 
with  Morice's  Dialogue 1. 

1  There  is  a  letter  to  Reynolds  from  George  Bysshop,  dated  Dec.  4,  1584,  in 
Vol.  IX  of  the  Fnlman  MSS.,  fol.  214,  in  which  the  name  of '  Mr  Hooker'  occurs 
in  connexion  with,  apparently,  some  work  by  Reynolds,  a  copy  of  which  had  been 
sent  to  Whitgift,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  at  Hooker's  urgent  request  and  to 
Bishop's  regret ;  for  the  Archbishop  refused  to  '  alow  it,  because  of  somme  glaun- 
singe  at  matters  in  this  tyme.'  Can  this  work  have  been  the  '  Sum  of  a  Conference 
between  John  Rainolds  and  John  Hart,  touching  the  Head  and  the  Faith  of  the 
Church,'  &c.,  first  published  at  London  in  1584? 


153  COLLEGE  LIFE  OF  RICHARD  HOOKER. 

Hooker  does  not  seem  to  have  ever  held  the  office  of  Greek 
or  Latin  Reader,  but  Antony  Wood  (Ath.  Ox.),  in  his  account 
of  John  Reynolds,  says:  'As  Jewell's  fame  grew  from  the 
rhetoric '  (i.  e.  the  Latin)  '  lecture,  which  he  read  with  singular 
applause,  and  Hooker's  from  the  Logic,  so  Rainolds  from  the 
Greek,  in  C.  C.  coll/ 

It  would  be  futile  to  extract,  from  a  work  which  is  in  every 
one's  hands,  and  presumptuous  to  re-cast  the  graphic  account 
of  Hooker's  College  life  as  delineated  by  his  quaint  and 
venerable  biographer,  and  hence,  in  the  few  brief  notices 
which  I  have  given  above,  I  have  confined  myself  mainly  to 
facts  which  were  either  inaccessible  to  Walton  or  omitted  or 
imperfectly  described  by  him.  Hooker  finally  left  the  College 
at  the  end  of  1584,  when  he  was  presented,  according  to 
Walton,  to  the  Vicarage  of  Drayton  Beauchamp  near  Ayles- 
bury,  then  in  the  diocese  of  Lincoln,  by  John  Cherry,  Esq. 
(Dec.  9,  1584).  Then,  or  shortly  before,  or  shortly  afterwards, 
he  must  have  married.  Thus  Hooker  resided  in  Corpus  pro- 
bably for  about  sixteen  years 1,  and  must  there  have  laid  in 
that  varied  and  extensive  stock  of  knowledge  and  formed  that 

1  When  I  entered  the  College,  there  was  a  tradition  (how  old  I  do  not  know — 
probably  not  older  than  the  time  of  Mr.  Vaughan  Thomas)  that  Hooker's  rooms 
were  the  rooms  2  Pair  Right  on  the  Library  Staircase  in  the  Front  Quadrangle, 
and  that  an  Inventory  of  his  Furniture  still  existed.  There  are,  in  '  the  President's 
Cupboard,'  two  interesting  and  curious  '  Inventory  Books '  of  the  College,  one 
dated  1610-14,  the  other  1622  or  3,  tied  up  with  some  other  documents  of  the 
same  kind,  such  as  an  Inventory  of  the  President's  Plate  and  Furniture  (1677  and 
earlier).  By  comparing  the  two  Inventory  Books,  it  is  plain  that  the  room  of 
which  the  inventory  is  given  in  the  later  book,  as  '  late  Mr  Hooker's,'  was  that  of 
Peter  Hooker,  who  signs  the  same  inventory  in  the  former  book,  and  not  that  of 
Richard  Hooker.  Mr.  Vaughan  Thomas,  a  well-known  Fellow  of  the  College  in 
the  early  part  of  this  century,  who  docketed  these  papers,  jumps  at  once  to  the 
conclusion  that  the  '  Mr  Hooker '  of  the  later  Inventory  Book  is  the  famous 
Richard  Hooker,  having  never  probably  taken  the  trouble  to  consult  the  earlier 
book.  With  the  false  ascription  of  the  Inventory,  goes,  of  course,  the  '  tradition ' 
as  to  the  locality  of  Hooker's  rooms. — In  the  Inventory  of  the  President's  Plate 
and  Furniture,  there  occur  a  '  Mazir  with  silver  brims/  now  lost,  '  a  grate  for  sea- 
coals,'  an  '  iron  chafing  dish.'  Even  when  this  inventory  was  made,  it  appears 
that  the  President  still  occupied  his  lodgings  over  and  near  the  gateway  (see  ch.  iii. 
PP-  73>  74)>  as  well  as  '  the  house  behind  the  Presidents  garden,'  the  nucleus  of  the 
present  Lodgings.  This  inventory  seems  to  be  in  the  hand-writing  of  Fulman,  in 
which  case  it  could  not  be  earlier  than  1660.  There  are  some  later  entries  with 
the  date  1677. 


OTHER  NOTABLE  ADMISSIONS.  153 

sound  judgment  and  stately  style  which  raised  him  to  the 
highest  rank,  not  only  amongst  English  divines,  but  amongst 
English  writers.  *  From  that  garden  of  piety,  of  pleasure,  of 
peace,  and  a  sweet  conversation,'  he  passed  '  into  the  thorny 
wilderness  of  a  busy  world,  into  those  corroding  cares  that 
attend  a  married  priest  and  a  country  parsonage ' ;  and,  most 
bitter  and  least  tolerable  of  all  the  elements  in  his  lot,  into 
the  exacting  and  uncongenial  society  of  his  termagant  wife. 
Corpus,  at  that  time,  is  described  by  Walton  as  '  noted  for  an 
eminent  library,  strict  students,  and  remarkable  scholars.' 
Indeed,  a  College  which,  within  a  period  of  sixty  years, 
admitted  and  educated  John  Jewel,  John  Reynolds,  Richard 
Hooker,  and  Thomas  Jackson,  four  of  the  greatest  divines  and 
most  distinguished  writers  who  have  ever  adorned  the  Church 
of  England,  might,  especially  in  an  age  when  theology  was 
the  most  absorbing  interest  of  the  day,  vie,  small  as  it  was  in 
numbers,  with  the  largest  and  most  illustrious  Colleges  in, 
either  University. 

During  the  long  Presidency  of  Cole,  there  were,  besides  the 
pre-eminent  name  of  Richard  Hooker,  many  other  notable 
men  admitted  into  the  College.  To  begin  with  the  Scholars 
and  Fellows.  In  1570,  was  admitted  Nicholas  Morice,  who, 
though  hardly  notable,  is  interesting  to  us,  as  the  author  of 
the  Dialogue,  so  often  referred  to  above ;  in  1572,  Stephen 
Gossons  (erroneously  assigned  by  Wood  to  Ch.  Ch.),  cele- 
brated, in  his  time,  as  a  writer  of  pastorals  ;  in  1573,  within  a 
few  days  of  Hooker,  Charles  Turnbull,  a  Lincolnshire  man, 
who  constructed  the  very  curious  pillar,  with  dials,  still  in  the 
middle  of  the  quadrangle,  and  wrote  a  Treatise  on  the  use  of 
the  Celestial  Globe ;  in  1576,  Henry  Parry,  a  celebrated 
preacher,  Bishop  successively  of  Gloucester  and  Worcester ; 
in  1577,  Edwin  Sandys  1J  afterwards  Sir  Edwin  Sandys,  son 
of  Edwin  Sandys,  Archbishop  of  York,  a  favourite  pupil  of 
Hooker,  a  traveller,  and  author  of  a  book  entitled  Europaa 
Speculum,  or  a  View  or  Survey  of  the  State  of  Religion  in 
the  Western  part  of  the  World  ;  in  157!,  George  Cranmer l, 

1  Edwin  Sandys  and  George  Cranmer  have  been  immortalised  in  Walton's 


154       EDWIN  SANDYS  AND  GEORGE  CRANMER. 

grand-nephew  of  the  Archbishop,  also  a  favourite  pupil  of 
Hooker  and  said  to  have  given  him  assistance  in  the  composi- 
tion of  the  Ecclesiastical  Polity,  in  after  years  secretary  to 
several  public  men ;  in  1578,  John  Spenser,  subsequently 
President,  one  of  the  Translators  of  the  Bible,  and  a  theo- 
logian of  considerable  repute,  of  whose  disputed  election 
to  the  Greek  Readership  I  have  already  spoken  (he  was 
admitted  this  year  as  Greek  Reader,  having  been  previously 
Clerk  or  possibly  '  Famulus  Praesidis,'  and,  in  the  following 
year,  Fellow)  ;  in  1583,  Alexander  Gill,  High  Master  of  St. 
Paul's,  Milton's  Master ;  in  1586,  Sebastian  Benfield  or  Bene- 
field,  Margaret  Professor  of  Divinity  and  a  theological  writer  ; 
in  158^,  Robert  Burhill  or  Burghill,  a  theologian,  Hebrew 
scholar,  and  Latin  poet,  who  is  said  by  Wood  to  have  assisted 
Sir  Walter  Raleigh  in  the  composition  of  the  History  of  the 
World ;  in  1588,  John  Barcham,  Dean  of  Bocking,  distin- 
guished for  his  knowledge  and  writings  in  history,  heraldry, 
and  numismatics,  collector  of  what  A.  Wood  says  was  '  the 

charming  Life  of  Hooker,  and  particularly  in  the  pathetic  account  of  their  visit  to 
their  old  tutor  in  his  country  living,  a  year  after  his  unfortunate  marriage.  Cranmer 
was  only  12  years  3  months  old,  when  elected  to  his  scholarship.  Sandys,  as 
pointed  out  in  a  note  to  Church  and  Paget's  revision  of  Keble's  edition  of  Hooker, 
pp.  14,  15,  can  only  have  been  n  or  12,  Cranmer  only  7  or  8,  when  put  under 
Hooker's  tuition.  It  is  doubtful  whether  they  were,  at  that  time,  entered  as 
members  of  the  College  or  not.  Probably  it  was  not  unusual,  in  those  days 
when  there  were  few  schools,  for  quite  young  boys  to  read,  as  private  pupils,  with 
Fellows  of  Colleges.  Neither  name  occurs  in  the  University  Matriculation 
Register,  but  Cranmer  took  his  B.A.  Degree  May  29,  1583,  Sandys  Oct.  16,  1579 
(see  A.  Clark's  Register,  vol.  ii.  pt.  3),  so  that  the  latter  was  probably  matriculated 
as  a  commoner  about  two  years  before  his  election  as  a  scholar.  Strype's  account 
of  the  intervention  of  Hooker  and  George  Cranmer  (Life  of  Archbishop  Parker, 
bk.  iii.  ch.  20)  in  the  affairs  of  the  College  in  1568,  after  Cole  had  been  forced  on 
the  electors,  must  either  be  altogether  apocryphal  or  misplaced,  as  Hooker,  if 
a  member  of  the  College  at  all  at  that  time,  had  only  just  entered,  and  Cranmer 
cannot  have  been  much  more  than  three  years  of  age.  If  the  following  statement, 
quoted  by  Dr.  Bliss,  in  his  edition  of  Wood's  Athense,  from  Lloyd's  State  Worthies, 
be  true,  it  much  enhances  our  ideas  of  Cranmer's  importance  and  abilities :  '  Queen 
Elizabeth,  confiding  in  her  own  princely  judgment  and  opinion,  had  formed  so 
favourable  an  opinion  of  Cranmer's  worth  and  conduct,  that  she  would  have  him 
and  none  other  to  finish  and  bring  the  Irish  war  to  a  propitious  end,  which,  not 
deceiving  her  good  conceit  of  him,  he  nobly  atchieved,  though  with  much  pains 
and  carefulness.'  He  joined  Lord  Mountjoy  in  the  capacity  of  Secretary,  and 
remained  in  Ireland  till  he  was  unfortunately  killed  in  the  battle  of  Carlingford, 
Nov.  13,  1600,  only  eleven  days  after  Hooker's  death. 


NOTABLE  ADMISSIONS  UNDER  COLE.  155 

best  collection  of  coins  of  any  clergyman  in  England,'  after- 
wards given  to  Laud,  and  by  him  presented  to  the  Bodleian 
Library,  thus  becoming  the  nucleus  of  the  large  collection 
now  there ;  in  1594,  Brian  Twyne,  the  celebrated  and  inde- 
fatigable antiquary,  to  whom  it  is  supposed  that  Antony  Wood 
is  indebted  for  much  of  his  information,  and  whose  assistance 
was  invoked  by  Laud  in  collecting  the  material  on  which  the 
Laudian  statutes  were  based  (a  work  for  which  Twyne  was 
afterwards  rewarded  by  being  made  first  Keeper  of  the 
Archives 1),  as  also,  on  the  same  day,  Daniel  Fertlough, 
Fairclough,  Fairclowe,  or  Featley  (for  the  name  is  spelt  in  all 
four  ways),  admitted  scholar,  it  may  be  noticed,  before  he 
was  twelve  years  of  age,  who  became  chaplain  to  Archbishop 
Abbot,  as  well  as  third  provost  of  Chelsea  College,  besides 
holding  many  other  appointments,  and  was  one  of  the  most 
noted  theological  writers  and  controversialists  of  his  time  ;  in 
1596,  Thomas  Jackson,  subsequently  President  and  Dean  of 
Peterborough,  a  learned  and  voluminous  theological  writer, 
styled  by  Antony  Wood  '  the  ornament  of  the  university  in 
his  time';  and,  lastly,  in  1597,  elected  at  13,  the  '  ever-memor- 
able '  John  Hales,  Fellow  of  Eton,  Regius  Professor  of  Greek, 
the  intimate  friend  of  Savile,  and  one  of  the  most  charming 
characters  as  well  as  famous  scholars  of  the  period  during 
which  he  lived. 

To  these  distinguished  sons  of  Corpus,  who  were  admitted 
as  Scholars  or  Fellows  during  the  Presidency  of  Cole,  we  may 

1  Wood  (sub  nomine)  says  that  'about  1623  he  left  that'  (namely,  the  Greek 
Readership)  '  and  the  house  to  avoid  his  being  engaged  in  a  faction  then  between 
the  president'  (Anyan)  'and  fellows;  knowing  very  well  that,  if  he  favoufed 
either  side,  expulsion  would  follow,  because  he  had  entered  into  a  wrong  county 
place.'  This  remark  can  hardly  refer  to  his  being  elected  for  one  of  the  other 
statutable  counties,  for  this  was  a  common  practice,  as  in  the  case  of  Hooker,  and 
a  re-adjustment  always  took  place  afterwards.  And  Wood  goes  on  to  say  that 
'  afterwards  he  became  Vicar  of  Rye  in  Sussex,  in  which  county,  at  Lewes,  as  'tis 
supposed  by  some,  he  was  born.'  It  is  curious  that,  in  his  admission  as  scholar, 
while  he  is  described  as  born  in  the  County  of  Surrey,  a  blank  is  left  for  the 
diocese,  though,  of  course,  it  was  notorious  that  Surrey  was  in  the  diocese  of 
Winchester ;  and  again,  in  his  admission  as  Probationary  Fellow,  he  is  described 
as  of  the  County  of  Surrey  and  diocese  of  Winchester  ('  com.  Surrie  et  dioces. 
Winton')  and  not  as  born  in  them,  which  is  the  usual,  though  not  invariable, 
form  in  other  cases. 


156  NOTABLE  ADMISSIONS  UNDER  COLE. 

add  the  names  of  Miles  Smith  or  Smythe,  Bp.  of  Gloucester 
and  one  of  the  Translators,  probably  the  most  industrious 
amongst  them,  of  the  authorized  version  of  the  Scriptures, 
whose  name  has  already  been  mentioned  (p.  150)  in  connexion 
with  the  Nowell  benefaction,  and  who  is  said  by  Antony  Wood 
to  have  been  a  student  in  C  C.  Coll.  about  1568,  before  moving 
to  Brasenose,  though  in  what  capacity  he  was  a  member  of 
Corpus  I  have  not  been  able  to  ascertain ;  Edward  Somerset, 
K.G.,  fourth  Earl  of  Worcester,  Master  of  the  Horse  1601-15, 
Lord  Privy  Seal  1614-27,  d.  1628,  who  is  spoken  of,  in  a 
petition  of  R.  Allyn  and  D.  Featley,  copied  in  vol.  ix.  of  the 
Fulman  MSS.,  fol.  238,  as  '  sometymes  of  that  Colledge ' ; 
George  Sampole,  stated  in  the  Index  given  in  the  Fulman 
MSS.,  vol.  xi.,  to  be  of  Lincolnshire,  who  matriculated  as  a 
Commoner  in  1578,  and  who,  in  all  probability,  is  the  Sir 
George  St.  Paul  who  devised  to  the  College  the  estate  at 
Lissington  in  Lincolnshire  (see  List  of  Benefactors  of  Corpus 
in  Wood's  Antiquities  of  the  Colleges  and  Halls  and  in  Ch.  I. 
of  the  Introduction  to  this  work) ;  and  William  Higford,  who 
matriculated  as  a  Commoner  in  1596,  whose  father  and  grand- 
father had  been  at  Corpus  before  him,  having  been  succes- 
sively the  pupils  of  Jewel,  Cole,  and  Sebastian  Benefield,  this 
Higford  being  the  author  of  a  work  entitled  The  Institution 
of  a  Gentleman,  or  Virtus  verus  Honos 1. 

1  See  A.  Wood,  Ath.  Ox.  sub  nomine.     Higford's  testimony  to  Cole  has  been 
already  quoted. 


CHAPTER  VI. 

THE  END  OF  THE  ELIZABETHAN  AND  THE  EARLIER 
STUART  PERIOD. 

JOHN  REYNOLDS  or  Rainolds  (the  name  in  A.  Clark's  Index 
to  the  University  Register  is  spelt  in  no  less  than  fourteen 
different  ways  ;  he  himself  seems  to  have  spelt  it  Rainoldes  or 
Rainolds)  was,  as  we  have  seen  already,  elected  President  on 
Dec.  n,  1598,  and  sworn  on  Dec.  14.  Like  Jewel  and  Hooker 
he  was  a  Devonshire  man,  being  a  native  of  Pinhoe  near 
Exeter,  where  he  was  born  about  Michaelmas  Day1,  1549. 
He  seems  to  have  entered  originally  at  Merton,  where  his 
uncle,  Thomas  Reynolds,  had  been  Warden.  But  he  cannot 
have'  remained  there  long,  for,  when  he  was  only  13  years 
7  months  old,  he  was  elected  to  a  Scholarship  at  Corpus 
(April  29,  1563).  At  what  was  even  then  the  very  early  age 
of  seventeen,  he  became  Probationary  Fellow  (Oct.  n,  1566), 
so  that,  at  the  age  of  nineteen,  the  age  at  which  young  men 
now  usually  come  up  to  the  University,  he  was  already  full 
Fellow.  Reynolds'  was  a  thoroughly  academical  family.  His 
uncle,  Thomas  Reynolds,  had  been  Warden  of  Merton.  Two 
of  his  brothers  had  been  elected  before  him  to  Scholarships 
at  Corpus,  Hierome  in  1548,  and  Edmund,  who,  having  been 
elected  in  1557,  was  one  of  the  three  Fellows  ejected  for 
Romish  sympathies  in  1568  2.  A  third  brother,  William,  was 
a  Fellow  of  New  College  3.  Of  the  many  other  persons  of  the 

1  At  the  time  of  Reynolds'  admission  to  his  Scholarship,  and  long  afterwards, 
the  dates  of  admissions  were  usually  given  not  according  to  the  day  of  the  month, 
but  as  on  or  near  some  Saint's  Day. 

2  Wood's  Annals,  vol.  ii.  pp.  165,  6. 

3  See  Fulman  MSS.,  vol.  ix.  fol.  120.     Both  Edmund  and  William  seceded  to 
the  Church  of  Rome. 


158  PRESIDENCY  OF  JOHN  REYNOLDS. 

name  of  Reynolds,  who  appear  at  this  time  in  University  lists, 
some  were  probably  relatives. 

Reynolds  must  have  begun  to  take  pupils  early,  if  he  was 
really  (see  p.  147)  the  tutor  provided  by  Dr.  Cole  for  young 
Hooker.     He  would  probably  be  under  20  years  of  age,  and 
have  recently  taken  his  B.A.  degree,  which  he  did  on  Oct.  15, 
1568.     But  it  is  plain,  from  all  that  we  know  of  these  times, 
that  young  men  were  then  much  more  forward  in  life  than  they 
now  are  at  the  same  age,  and  began  much  earlier  to  be  self- 
reliant  and   self-supporting.     He  became  Greek  Reader  in 
157!,    and,    according    to   a   passage   already   quoted    from 
Wood,  in  my  account  of  Hooker,  his  '  fame  grew '  from  this 
lecture   as  Jewel's   had  done   from   the   Latin   lecture,   and 
Hooker's   subsequently  did  from  the   Logic  lecture.     'The 
author  that  he  read,'  says  Wood,  '  was  Aristotle,  whose  three 
incomparable  books  of  Rhetoric  he  illustrated  with  so  excel- 
lent a  commentary  so  richly  fraught  with  all  polite  literature 
that,  as  well  in  the  commentary  as  in  the  text,  a  man  may 
find  a  golden  river  of  things  and  words,  which  the  prince  of 
orators  tells  us  of.'     There  still  exists  in  the  Bodleian  Library 
the  copy  of  the  Rhetoric  (Morel,  Paris,  1562)  from  which 
Reynolds  lectured.     It  is  interleaved,  and  contains  an  Intro- 
duction, Synopsis,  Index,  and  copious  notes,  all  written  out  in 
a  clear,  round,  and  print-like  hand.    On  one  of  the  interpolated 
leaves,   immediately  after  the    Index,   occurs   the  following 
beautiful  prayer,  whether  original  or  not,  I  cannot  say  :  'Om- 
nipotens  Deus,  pater  nostri  Domini  Jesu  Christi,  qui  nos  ad 
pietatis  satus  accipiendos  in  artium  gymnasio  voluit  erudiri, 
dignetur  nobis  adjicere,  ad  cseteras  facultates  quas  concessit, 
auxilium   singulare   suae  gratiae.     Conformet   nostras  volun- 
tates,  ut  addiscamus  quae  debemus ;  ingenia,  ut  percipiamus 
quae  discimus  ;    memorias,  ut  teneamus  quae  percipimus :  ut 
cuncta  nostra  studia  semper  referantur  non  ad  pestem  ambi- 
tionis  aut  sordes  avaritiae,  sed  ad  ipsius  gloriam  ac  salutem 
nostram  ;  quo  Deus  ab  omnibus  et  cognoscatur  melius  et  ar- 
dentius  colatur.    Amen.'    In  1578,  he  resigned  this  office,  and 
thus,  probably  to  his  great  surprise,  was  the  unwilling  author  of 
the  troubles  brought  about  by  Spenser's  election  on  June  10  in 


PUBLIC  DISPUTATION  WITH  HIS  BROTHER.     159 

that  year.  Of  the  various  other  troubles  and  events  of  his 
life  at  Corpus,  up  to  the  time  of  his  election  as  President,  I 
have  already  spoken  under  Dr.  Cole's  Presidency. 

In  Wood's  Annals,  there  are  some  interesting  notices  of  him 
in  his  relations  to  the  wider  world  of  the  University  during 
the  same  period.  Thus,  under  the  year  1576,  when  he  was  not 
yet  twenty-seven,  we  find  him  addressing  a  strong  letter  of 
remonstrance  to  Dr.  Humfrey,  then  Vice-Chancellor  of  the 
University,  on  the  proposal  of  the  Chancellor  that  one 
Anthony  Corrano,  a  Spanish  preacher  in  London,  should  be 
allowed  to  proceed  Doctor  in  Divinity,  with  a  view,  as  it  was 
supposed,  to  his  appointment  as  a  theological  reader  in  the 
University.  Though  recommended  by  Leicester,  Corrano  was 
suspected  of  still  harbouring  the  Popish  leaven,  in  the  form  of 
Pelagianism,  'his  obscure  speeches  giving  just  suspicion  of 
very  great  heresies  about  predestination  and  justification  by 
faith,  two  the  chiefest  points  of  Christian  religion.'  This 
business  of  Corrano  excited  great  opposition  amongst  what 
we  may  call  the  Calvinistical  party,  and  it  was  not  till  1579 
that,  after  a  conference  with  certain  doctors  and  masters,  in 
which  his  answers  gave  satisfactory  evidence  of  what  was  then 
reputed  orthodoxy,  he  was  permitted  to  give  public  lectures, 
though  not,  apparently,  to  proceed  to  his  Degree. 

In  1584,  when  Leicester  passed  some  time  in  Oxford  on  his 
way  to  Cornbury,  '  that  he  might  solace  himself  with  Scholas- 
tical  Exercises  and  other  matters  which  the  sportive  muses 
could  afford,'  a  curious  theological  disputation  was  enacted 
before  him  at  St.  Mary's.  It  was  between  the  two  brothers 
'John  and  Edmond  Rainolds,  the  one  a  zealous  Protestant, 
the  other  a  moderate  Romanist,  but  not  as  'tis  reported  to 
the  conversion  of  each  other.  They  both  so  quitted  them- 
selves like  able  disputants,  that  it  was  difficult  to  judge  which 
of  them  carried  the  bell  away.  John  we  know  was  famous  in 
his  time  for  the  admirable  writings  which  he  published  to  the 
world,  but  Edmond '  (whom  his  brother  must  have  seen  ex- 
pelled from  the  College  by  Elizabeth's  commissioners  in 
I5681),  'being  of  a  modest  and  quiet  disposition,  would  not 

1  See  Wood's  Annals,  under  that  year,  as  already  referred  to. 


160    REYNOLDS  AS  PUBLIC  THEOLOGICAL  LECTURER. 

shew  his  parts  that  way,  choosing  rather  to  live  obscurely  and 
enjoy  his  opinion,  than  hazard  his  person  by  publishing 
matters  savoring  of  the  Church  of  Rome.' 

In  1586,  Sir  Francis  Walsingham  founded  what  was  appar- 
ently a  temporary  Lectureship  of  controversial  theology,  for 
the  confutation  of  distinctively  Romish  tenets,  and  desired 
that  Reynolds  might  be  chosen  to  give  it  Convocation  at 
once  approved  both  of  the  .foundation  of  the  Lectureship  and 
of  the  choice  of  the  Reader.  It  is  said  by  Fulman  (MSS., 
vol.  ix.  fol.  1 1 6)  that  the  Lectureship  was  endowed  with  ^20 
a  year,  and  that  Reynolds  took  occasion,  on  this  augmentation 
of  income,  to  resign  his  Fellowship,  and  retired  to  Queen's, 
where  he  lived  many  years.  No  doubt  he  was  glad  enough  to 
escape  from  the  worries  and  quarrels  from  which,  during  Cole's 
presidency,  the  more  quiet  and  studious  of  the  Fellows  must 
often  have  suffered  so  bitterly.  According  to  Wood,  '  he  read 
this  lecture  in  the  Divinity  School  thrice  a  week  in  full  term, 
had  constantly  a  great  auditory,  and  was  held  by  those  of  his 
party  to  have  done  great  good.'  '  How  long  this  Lecture 
lasted,  whether  till  Walsingham's  death  only,  which  was  an. 
1590,  I  cannot  tell,  yet  certain  I  am  that  all  the  Lectures,  or 
at  least  some  of  them,  were  published  after  the  Author's  death, 
to  the  great  profit  of  Theologists.'  Fulman  (vol.  ix.  fol.  117) 
says  :  '  Sir  Francis  Walsingham  dying,  Apr.  13, 1590,  the  Earl 
of  Essex,  who  had  married  his  only  daughter,  continued  the 
lecture,  which,  accordingly,  Reynolds  resumed,  May  5,  159°-' 

When  Queen  Elizabeth  visited  the  University  in  1592,  she 
sent  for  the  Heads  of  Houses  and  others  on  the  morning  of 
the  day  of  her  departure,  and  '  spake  to  them  her  mind  in 
the  Latin  Tongue.  And  among  others  there  present  she 
schooled  Dr  John  Rainolds  for  his  obstinate  preciseness, 
willing  him  to  follow  her  laws,  and  not  run  before  them.' 

Reynolds  is  now  generally  known,  not  so  much  as  a  learned 
academician,  or  even  as  a  writer  of  learned  books  or  a  skilled 
controversialist  (for  the  subjects  on  which  he  wrote  and  the 
controversies  in  which  he  took  part  have  now  little  interest 
for  the  generality  of  men),  but  for  the  prominent  position  he 


HAMPTON  COURT  CONFERENCE.  161 

occupied  in  the  Hampton  Court  conference  and  his  share 
in  the  translation  of  the  Bible.  James  had  not  long  come 
to  the  throne,  before  he  began  to  make  preparations  for 
convening  an  assembly  of  divines,  to  attempt  to  settle  the 
religious  and  ecclesiastical  differences  which,  during  the  latter 
part  of  Elizabeth's  time,  had  become  formidable  to  the  peace 
of  the  Church.  This  assembly,  called  the  Hampton  Court 
conference,  from  the  place  of  its  meeting,  first  met  on 
Jan.  14,  i6of,  and  continued  for  three  days.  The  King 
and  the  Lords  of  the  Council  were  present.  A  large  number 
of  divines  represented  what  we  may  call  the  ecclesiastical 
party,  or  those  who  maintained  the  established  order  of  things, 
while  the  Puritan  or  dissentient  party  (though,  in  using  these 
terms,  we  must  recollect  that  this  was  then  a  party  within 
the  Church,  not  without  it)  was  represented  by  only  four 
persons,  selected  not  by  the  party  itself  but  by  the  King1. 
He  had  thought  it  best,  he  said,  to  send  for  some,  whom  he 
understood  to  be  the  most  grave,  learned  and  modest  of  the 
aggrieved  sort,  whom,  being  then  present,  he  was  ready  to 
hear  at  large.  Of  these,  Dr.  Reynolds  was,  in  character, 
learning  and  position,  far  the  most  eminent,  and  it  is  plain 
that,  throughout  the  proceedings,  he  took  the  lead  on  his 
own  side ;  indeed  he  is  expressly  called  their  '  foreman  V 
His  supporters  were  Dr.  Sparkes,  Mr.  Knewstubbs,  and 
Mr.  Chaderton.  The  conference  passed  off,  so  far  at  least  as 
the  King  was  concerned,  in  the  most  amicable  manner. 
According  to  the  narrative  of  Dr.  James  Montague,  then 
dean  of  the  chapel  royal,  'the  ministers  were  called  in, 
Dr.  Reynolds  and  the  rest,  and  acquainted  with  what  the 
king  had  concluded  on.  They  were  all  exceedingly  well 
satisfied  V  That  may  have  appeared  to  be  the  case  at  the 
time,  but  we  know  that,  in  the  issue,  their  party,  if  not 
themselves,  were  vastly  dissatisfied  with  the  few  concessions 
made  to  their  scruples.  But,  however  that  may  be,  the 
conference  seems,  at  the  time,  to  have  been  unruffled  by  any 
serious  dissensions,  and  the  parting  to  have  been  a  pleasant 

1  See  Cardwell's  Conferences,  3rd  Ed.,  p.  1 78- 
*  Ibid.,  pp.  140,  i. 

M 


1 62          AUTHORISED  VERSION  OF  THE  BIBLE. 

one.  The  King  even  condescended  to  make  a  good-humoured 
joke  to  Reynolds,  with  whom  he  was  throughout  peculiarly 
gracious.  '  Dr  Reynolds  took  exceptions  at  those  words  in 
the  Common  Prayer  Book,  of  matrimony,  "With  my  body 
I  thee  worship."  His  Majesty  looking  upon  the  place ; 
I  was  made  believe  (saith  he)  that  the  phrase  did  import  no 
lesse  than  divine  worship  and  adoration,  but  by  the  exami- 
nation I  find  that  it  is  an  usual  English  tearm,  as  a  gentleman 
of  worship,  &c.,  and  the  sense  agreeable  unto  scriptures, 
"  giving  honour  to  the  wife,"  &c.  But  turning  to  Dr  Reynolds 
(with  smiling  saith  his  majesty),  Many  a  man  speakes  of  Robin 
Hood  who  never  shot  in  his  bow :  if  you  had  a  good  wife 
yourself  you  would  think  that  all  the  honour  and  worship  you 
could  do  to  her  were  well  bestowed  V 

The  Hampton  Court  conference,  though  it  did  not  result 
in  any  large  concessions  to  the  Puritans  with  regard  to 
alterations  in  the  book  of  Common  Prayer,  led  directly 
to  the  translation  and  publication  of  what  is  called  the 
Authorised  Version  of  the  Scriptures ;  and  Dr.  Reynolds, 
though,  of  course,  he  stated  also  the  opinion  of  his  colleagues, 
may  be  said  to  have  initiated  the  project.  ' After  that,  he 
moved  his  majesty  that  there  might  be  a  new  translation  of 
the  Bible,  because  those  which  were  allowed  in  the  reign  of 
king  Henry  the  Eight  and  Edward  the  Sixt  were  corrupt,  and 

not  answerable  to  the  truth  of  the  original Whereupon, 

his  highness  wished  that  some  special  pains  should  be  taken 
in  that  behalf  for  one  uniform  translation  (professing  that  he 
could  never  yet  see  a  Bible  well  translated  in  English,  but  the 
worst  of  all  his  Majesty  thought  the  Geneva  to  be),  and  this 
to  be  done  by  the  best  learned  in  both  the  Universities  ;  after 
then  to  be  reviewed  by  the  bishops  and  the  chief  learned  of  the 
church  ;  from  them  to  be  presented  to  the  privy  council ;  and, 
lastly,  to  be  ratified  by  his  royal  authority.  And  so  this  whole 
church  to  be  bound  unto  it,  and  none  other  V  Then  was  a 
general  agreement  that  this  work  should  be  carried  on  with 
all  speed,  and,  after  the  lapse  of  a  few  months,  the  translators 

1  Dr.  Barlow's  tract,  printed  in  Cardwell's  Conferences,  p.  200. 

2  Ibid.,  pp.  187,  8. 


REYNOLDS'  LAST  ILLNESS.  163 

were  selected  and  at  work.  By  the  year  1611,  four  years 
after  Reynolds'  death,  it  was  completed.  The  selection  of 
names  was  singularly  impartial,  and  Reynolds  occupied  a 
leading  position  among  the  translators.  He,  as  well  as  a 
former  member  of  Corpus,  Miles  Smith,  Bishop  of  Gloucester 
(who  wrote  the  Dedication  and  Preface),  was  on  the  company 
for  translating  the  Prophets.  Perhaps  another  member  of 
Corpus,  Daniel  Featley  or  Fairclough,  was  on  the  same 
company,  but  there  seems  some  doubt  whether  the  Fairclough 
mentioned  be  Daniel  of  Corpus,  or  Richard  of  New  College  *. 
Wood  (Annals,  sub  1 604)  tells  us  that  '  the  said  Translators 
had  recourse,  once  a  week,  to  Dr  Raynolds  his  Lodgings  in 
Corpus  Christi  College,  and  there  as  'tis  said  perfected  the 
work,  notwithstanding  the  said  Doctor,  who  had  the  chief 
hand  in  it,  was  all  the  while  sorely  afflicted  with  the  gout/ 

Reynolds  indeed  was  dying.  But  was  it  of  gout  or  con- 
sumption ?  Fulman  tells  us  he  was  cast  upon  his  last  bed  by 
a  lingering  consumption,  and  he  quotes  Bagshaw's  Life  of 
R.  Bolton  (p.  25),  to  the  effect  that  'his  last  sicknesse  was 
contracted  merely  by  exceeding  paines  in  study,  by  which  he 
brought  his  withered  body  to  a  very  ovce'A.eroi;.  When  the 
Doctors  of  the  University,  coming  to  visit  him,  earnestly 
persuaded  him  that  he  would  not  perdere  substantiam  propter 
accidentia,  he  smiling  answered  out  of  the  Poet 

Nee  propter  vitam  vivendi  perdere  causas.' 
There  being  some  ill-natured  reports  about  him,  set  afloat 
by  certain  '  well-wishers  to  the  Romish  Church,'  his  friends, 

1  The  original  '  Order  for  the  translating  of  the  Bible  by  King  James,'  given  in 
vol.  ii.  pt.  2,  pp.  504,  5,  of  Buraet's  History  of  the  Reformation  (Clarendon  Press 
Edition,  1816),  does  not  assign  any  Christian  names  or,  in  the  majority  of  cases 
any  office.  Hence,  to  some  extent,  it  is  a  matter  of  conjecture  who  the  persons 
named  may  be.  Wood  (Annals,  sub  1604)  replaces  '  Mr.  Fairclough,'  in  the 
'  Order,'  by  '  Richard  Fairclough,  sometime  of  New,'  and  he  is  followed  by  some 
subsequent  writers.  But  of  this  Richard  Fairclough  we  know  nothing  qualifying 
him  for  such  a  work,  whereas  Daniel  Fairclough,  though  young,  was  already 
noted  for  his  theological  attainments,  and  not  unlikely  to  have  been  recommended 
by  Reynolds.  There  can  be  little  doubt  that  the  '  Dr  Spencer,'  who  was  on  the 
Westminster  Company  for  translating  the  Epistles,  was  John  Spencer,  Reynolds' 
successor  in  the  Presidentship.  Dr.  Spencer,  Master  of  C.  C.  C,  Cambridge,  who 
is  sometimes  assigned  this  honour,  was  not  born  till  1630. 

M  2 


1 64  REYNOLDS'  CONFESSION  OF  FAITH. 

including  the  Vice-Chancellor,  Dr.  Airay,  and  Daniel  Fair- 
clough,  persuaded  him  to  sign  a  confession  of  faith  in  these 
words * : 

'  These  are  to  witnesse  unto  all  the  world  that,  now  in  this 
my  weakness  wherein  I  look  for  my  dissolution,  and  hope 
shortly  to  be  with  my  Christ,  I  dye  in  a  constant  beliefe, 
perswasion  and  profession  of  that  holy  truth  of  God,  in 
defense  whereof  I  have  stood  both  by  writing  and  speaking 
against  the  Church  of  Rome  and  whatsoever  other  enemies  of 
God's  truth. 

'  And  for  mine  own  resolution  touching  mine  own  state  of 
salvation  after  this  life,  I  assure  myself  thereof  by  the  merits 
of  Christ  Jesus  onely,  into  whose  hands  I  commend  my  spirit 
as  unto  my  faithful  Redeemer.' 

He  died  May  21,  1607,  when  he  was  not  yet  fifty-eight. 
He  was  buried  in  the  choir  of  the  College  Chape1!,  after  three 
orations  had  been  pronounced  over  him,  two  at  St.  Mary's 
and  one  in  the  quadrangle  of  Corpus,  the  chapel  not  being 
spacious  enough  for  the  company.  The  monument  now 
in  the  chapel  was  erected  by  his  successor,  John  Spenser, 
'Virtutum  et  Sanctitatis  admirator,  amoris  ergo2/  It  is 
pleasant  to  think  that  the  young  man  whose  premature 
promotion  he  had  opposed,  nearly  thirty  years  before,  was,  in 
later  life,  one  of  his  warmest  admirers  and  that  he  should 
have  given  this  touching  and  graceful  expression  of  his 
reverence  and  affection. 

There  are  two  portraits  of  Reynolds  in  the  President's 
Lodgings  at  Corpus,  but  one  is  a  copy  of  the  other,  or  both 
of  the  same  original.  On  one  of  them,  but  not  the  other,  are 
the  words  '  melior  an  doctior/ 

From  his  Will  (dated  April  i,  1606)  it  is  plain  that  he  did 

1  Fulman  MSS.,  vol.  ix.  fol.  118. 

2  The  Inscription,  in  full,  runs  as  follows  : 

Virtuti  Sacrum 

Jo.  Rainoldo  S.  Theol.  D.  Eruditione  Pietate 

Integritate  Incomparabili,  Hujus  Coll.  Prres. 

Qui  obiit  Maii  20°  An0  1607,  JEtat.  Suse  58°. 

Jo.  Spenser  Auditor,  Successor,  Virtutum  et  Sanctitatis 

Admirator  H.  M.  Amoris  ergo  Posuit. 


HIS  DISPOSITION  OF  HIS  BOOKS.  165 

not  possess  many  of  this  world's  goods.  The  largest  money 
legacy  that  he  leaves  is  to  his  '  servant '  John  Dewhurst  \ 
twenty  marks,  the  next  largest,  five  pounds  each,  to  his 
brother  Nicolas  and  his  sister  Alice.  But  of  books  he 
seems  to  have  had  great  store.  He  leaves  a  hundred  to  the 
Corpus  Library,  and  forty  to  the  '  publike  librarie  of  our 
University,  first  of  all  to  be  chosen  by  Syr  Thomas  Bodley,  if 
I  have  so  many  fitt  for  that  excellent  woorke  of  his,  wherewith 
it  is  not  furnished  already  by  him  or  some  other.'  To  Queen's, 
Merton,  New  College,  University,  and  Oriel  ('  in  all  the  which 
I  have  either  abode  as  student  or  had  some  part  of  mine 
education ')  he  leaves,  specifically,  a  valuable  work  each.  To 
Queen's  he  bequeaths  thirty  works  more,  to  be  selected  by 
the  Provost.  Exeter,  Trinity,  and  Brasenose,  as  well  as 
private  friends,  like  Sir  Henry  Savile,  the  Bishop  of  Carlisle 
(Henry  Robinson,  formerly  Provost  of  Queen's),  Dr.  Airay, 
and  others,  are  also  remembered.  The  residue  of  his  books 
he  bequeaths  to  be  distributed  by  his  executors  'among 
scholars  of  our  University,  such  as  for  religion,  honesty, 
studiousness,  and  towardness  in  learning  (want  of  means  and 
ability  to  furnish  themselves  being  withal  considered)  they 
shall  think  meetest,'  regard  being  first  had  to  his  own  kindred, 
and  then  to  the  students  of  Corpus  Christi,  Queen's,  Exeter, 
Brasenose,  Trinity,  the  rest,  in  order.  In  a  note  to  Wood's 
Annals,  sub  1607,  the  names  of  the  recipients  are  given  with 
the  number  of  volumes  assigned  to  each.  Many  of  these,  we 
are  told,  '  were  his  admirers,  and  had  sate  at  his  feet.'  There 
is  a  predominance  of  Corpus,  Queen's,  and  Brasenose  men  in 
the  list.  But,  with  the  exception  of  Jesus,  which,  perhaps, 
was  hardly  yet  settled,  or  had  very  few  students,  there  is  no 
college  which  is  not  fairly  represented. 

There  can  be  no  doubt  of  the  eminence  of  Dr.  Reynolds, 
of  his  rare  abilities,  of  his  pure  and  high  character,  or  of  the 
depth  and  extent  of  his  learning.  With  the  exception  of  the 
open  or  secret  adherents  of  the  Romish  Church,  these  qualities 

1  Dewhurst  was  appointed  'famulus  Praesidis,'  Oct.  15,  1603.  He  became 
Chaplain  in  1610.  For  the  'famuli Prsesidis,' see  the  note  on  John  Spenser,  p.  143. 
A  secretary  was,  at  this  time,  commonly  styled  a  servant. 


1 66          TESTIMONIES  TO  REYNOLDS'  ABILITY, 

were  ungrudgingly  acknowledged  by  his  contemporaries  on  all 
sides.  Crakanthorpe,  who  stoutly  defends  his  loyalty  to  the 
Church  of  England l  against  Antonio  de  Dominis,  Archbishop 
of  Spalato  (Defensio  Ecclesiae  Anglicanae,  cap.  69),  says  of 
him,  in  a  passage,  which,  though  long,  I  think  it  better  to 
quote  in  full,  because  it  is  the  testimony  of  one  who  had  known 
him  personally,  when  himself  an  Undergraduate  at  Queen's, 
and  is  the  source  from  which,  often  without  acknowledg- 
ment, the  subsequent  accounts  of  Reynolds  are  often  taken : 
'Scisne  qui  vir  Rainoldus  fuit?  Doctrinae  et  omne  genus 
eruditionis  Gazophylacium  dixeris.  Scriptores  opinor  omnes, 
prophanos,  ecclesiasticos,  sacros,  concilia,  patres,  historias  evol- 
verat.  Linguarum,  quaecunque  Theologo  vel  adjumento  sunt 
vel  ornamento,  callentissimus.  Ingenio  acer  agilisque,  judicio 
gravis  et  maturus :  labore  magis  quam  Adamantius  ipse  (i.  e. 
Origen)  indefatigabilis,  memoria  vero  tarn  mirabili  ut  in 
eum  verissime  quadret  illud  apud  Eunapium,  Bibliotheca  ille 
viva  et  Musaeum  ambulans,  sic  in  omni  disciplinarum  genere 
versatus,  quasi  in  singulis  operam  suam  omnem  posuisset. 
Virtute  insuper,  probitate,  integritate,  et,  quod  palmam  tenet, 
pietate  ac  vitae  sanctimonia  tarn  illustris  ut,  sicut  de  Athanasio 
ait  Nazianzenus,  Rainoldum  nominasse  virtutem  ipsam  lau- 
dasse  sit.  Tanta  demum  modestia,  comitate  atque  urbanitate, 
ut  licet  summis  anteponendus  esset,  pene  infimis  tamen  se 
aequaret.  Eo  nos  juvenes,  dum  in  Collegio  nostro  (Queen's) 
permultis  annis  versaretur,  tam  familiariter  tantoque  cum 
fructu  usi  sumus,  ut  quid,  quoties,  quantumque  in  ullo  doc- 
trinae  genere  discere  cuperemus,  ex  illo,  velut  inexhausto 

1  Thus,  he  shews  that  he  approved  of  Episcopal  government  both  from  his 
works  and  from  his  attitude  at  the  Hampton  Court  conference,  he  states  that  he 
used  the  square  cap  and  the  surplice,  that  he  knelt  at  the  reception  of  the 
Eucharist,  that  he  was  constant  in  his  attendance  at  Church  ordinances,  that 
he  both  listened  to  and  read  chapters  taken  from  the  Apocrypha,  and  that  he 
himself  conducted,  in  the  College  chapel,  the  commemoration  of  Founders  and 
Benefactors ;  lastly  he  has  in  his  hands,  at  that  moment,  a  letter  written  by 
Reynolds  to  Bancroft  in  which  he  professes  himself  '  huic  Ecclesise  Anglicanae 
conformis  libenter  et  ex  animo,' '  his  conscience  moving  him  to  make  this  pro- 
fession.' Crakanthorpe  adds  that,  in  his  last  moments,  he  desired  to  receive 
absolution,  according  to  the  form  in  the  liturgy,  and,  having  received  it,  kissed, 
in  token  of  gratitude,  the  hand  of  Dr.  Holland,  the  Regius  Professor  of  Divinity, 
through  whose  ministry  his  request  had  been  gratified. 


MODESTY,  CHARACTER,  AND  LEARNING.    167 

puteo,  assidue  hauriremus.'  Bp.  Hall,  writing  to  a  friend, 
soon  after  Reynolds'  death l,  says :  '  Since  your  departure 
from  us,  Reynolds  is  departed  from  the  world.  Alas!  how 
many  worthy  lights  have  our  eyes  seen  shining  and  ex- 
tinguished !  .  .  .  .  Doctor  Reynolds  is  the  last ;  not  in  worth, 
but  in  the  time  of  his  loss.  He  alone  was  a  well-furnished 
library,  full  of  all  faculties,  of  all  studies,  of  all  learning ; 
the  memory,  the  reading  of  that  man  were  near  to  a  miracle.' 
Fuller  (Church  History  of  Britain,  sub  1607),  for  the  most 
part,  follows  Crakanthorpe,  but  there  are  one  or  two  extracts 
from  his  account  which  may  be  made  with  advantage. 
Speaking  of  Jewel,  Reynolds,  and  Hooker,  he  says  :  '  No  one 
county  in  England  bare  three  such  men  (contemporary  at 
large)  in  what  College  soever  they  were  bred,  no  College  in 
England  bred  such  three  men,  in  what  county  soever  they 
were  born.'  'This  John  Reynolds  at  the  first  was  a  zealous 
Papist,  whilst  William  his  brother  was  as  earnest  a  Protestant, 
and  afterwards  Providence  so  ordered  it  that,  by  their  mutual 
disputation,  John  Reynolds  turned  an  eminent  Protestant,  and 
William  an  inveterate  Papist,  in  which  persuasion  he  died. 
This  gave  the  occasion  to  an  excellent  copy  of  Verses, 
concluding  with  this  Distich, 

Quod  genus  hoc  pugnae  est?   ubi  victus  gaudet  uterque, 
Et  simul  alteruter  se  superasse  dolet. 

What  war  is  this?   when  conquered  both  are  glad, 
And  either  to  have  conquered  other  sad.' 

There  is  a  certain  confirmation  of  the  story  of  the  mutual 
conversion  in  the  mere  existence  of  the  verses,  but  it  has 
a  very  apocryphal  ring,  and,  if  Reynolds  ever  was  '  a  zealous 
Papist,'  it  must  have  been  as  a  mere  boy,  for,  had  he  been 
even  suspected  of  Romish  proclivities,  Cole  would  certainly 
never  have  entrusted  to  him  the  tuition  of  Hooker,  and  it 
is  difficult  to  conceive  that,  if  he  had  been  a  'zealous 
Papist,'  he  would  have  been  allowed,  under  the  vigilant  rule 
of  Cole,  to  have  even  remained  in  the  College. 

1  Epistles,  Decade  I,   Ep.  7  (Dr.  Wynter's   Edition   of  Works,  vol.  vi.  pp. 
M9,  150)- 


1 68  CONTROVERSY  ON  STAGE-PLAYS. 

To  come  lastly  to  Antony  Wood,  even  he,  abominating,  as 
he  did,  Calvinism  and  Puritanism  in  all  their  forms,  breaks  out, 
in  both  the  Athenae  and  the  Annals,  into  enthusiastic  praises 
of  Reynolds.  It  is  true  that,  after  his  manner,  he  appro- 
priates the  language  of  Crakanthorpe  and  others,  as  if  it 
were  perfectly  original  and  spontaneous  ('  as  I  conceive,'  &c.), 
but  still  his  adoption  of  it  is,  especially  considering  how 
strongly  partisan  were  his  opinions,  sufficient  evidence  that  he 
believed  it  to  be  truthful.  Possibly  there  is  one  sentence  in 
the  Annals  which  he  may  have  taken  from  tradition  and  not 
from  books.  'At  times  of  leisure  he  delighted  much  to  talk 
with  young  towardly  scholars,  communicating  his  wisdom  to 
and  encouraging  them  in  their  studies,  even  to  the  last.'  In 
the  Athenae,  Wood  tells  us  that,  'so  temperate  were  his 
affections,'  that  he  declined  a  bishopric,  which  was  offered  to 
him  by  Queen  Elizabeth. 

Reynolds  was  a  voluminous  and,  at  one  time,  much-read 
author,  but,  as  the  theological  controversies  on  which  his  pen 
was  mainly  employed  were  on  a  different  plane  from  those 
which  interest  us,  his  works  have  now  passed  out  of  vogue. 
Some  of  his  translations  and  orations  (delivered  in  the  capacity 
of  Greek  reader)  have  also  been  published.  His  MS.  notes 
on  Aristotle's  Rhetoric  I  have  already  referred  to.  There 
was  a  curious  controversy  in  1592  and  1593  between  him  and 
one  Dr.  Gager  of  Ch.  Ch.,  on  the  lawfulness  of  stage-plays, 
which  Reynolds  condemned,  even  when  acted  by  students. 
Antony  Wood,  however,  is  entirely  wrong  in  ascribing *  the 
occasion  of  this  controversy  to  the  plague  with  which  Oxford 
was  visited  in  July  and  August,  1593,  in  consequence,  as  it 
was  supposed,  of  the  overcrowding  of  the  town  by  the  access 
of  visitors,  about  the  time  of  the  Act,  to  witness  the  Plays  and 
Interludes  brought  from  London.  The  two  letters  written 
by  Reynolds,  which  were  subsequently  published  in  a  small 
volume,  entitled  '  The  Over-throw  of  Stage  Plays,'  are  dated 
respectively  July  10,  1592,  and  May  30,  1593. 

The  College  may  be  said  to  have  had   rest  during  the 

1  See  Annals,  sub  1593. 


APPEALS  AND  COLLEGE  ORDERS.  169 

Presidentships  of  Reynolds  and  his  successor,  a  period  of 
calm  between  two  troublous  storms.  At  the  beginning  of 
Reynolds'  Presidency,  there  was,  indeed,  a  dispute  between  him 
and  the  Fellows,  as  we  shall  see  in  Appendix  A,  on  the  subject 
of  Fines,  but,  as  the  President's  contention  was  based  solely 
on  what  he  conceived  to  be  the  rights  of  the  inferior  members 
of  the  Foundation,  and  was  in  opposition  to  his  own  pecuniary 
interests,  it  can  hardly  have  been  attended  with  the  bitterness 
which  had  marked  the  differences  on  this  subject  with  previous 
Presidents.  Any  way,  the  dispute  was  speedily  settled,  though 
not  entirely  in  his  sense,  and  we  hear  no  more  of  it,  till  it  broke 
out  again  in  the  Presidency  of  Anyan.  Apart,  however,  from 
the  settlement  of  specific  matters  of  dispute,  the  improved 
relations  generally  between  the  members  of  the  Foundation, 
were,  doubtless,  largely  due  to  the  personal  character  and 
influence  of  the  two  Presidents. 

In  1603,  in  consequence  of  an  appeal,  there  was  a  very 
lengthy  injunction  issued  by  Bp.  Bilson,  which,  while  settling 
certain  points  of  a  more  or  less  technical  character  with 
regard  to  the  taking  of  Degrees,  laid  down  the  broad  principle 
that  the  College  cannot  arbitrarily  refuse  a  grace,  but  must 
base  the  refusal  on  some  defect  which,  after  mature  con- 
sideration, is,  in  their  judgment,  an  impediment  to  proceeding 
to  the  Degree. 

In  1605,  the  President,  Seven  Seniors,  and  Officers  made  an 
order  that  on  the  first  or  second  Sunday  of  every  month,  at 
the  time  of  the  celebration  of  the  Holy  Communion,  all 
persons  within  the  College  being  in  Holy  Orders  (' ministri 
verbi ')  shall  be  bound,  on  pain  of  a  fine  of  ten  shillings,  to 
preach,  in  their  turn,  beginning  with  the  Junior,  in  the  College 
Chapel.  This  order  might,  at  first  sight,  be  taken  to  imply 
that  the  Communion  was  now  only  celebrated  monthly,  but 
the  language  does  not  necessitate  any  such  conclusion. 

The  more  noted  Scholars  admitted  during  Reynolds' 
Presidency  were  George  Webb,  Bishop  of  Limerick,  a 
famous  preacher  and  a  writer  of  books  on  practical  religion, 
and  John  Holt,  subsequently  President,  admitted  in  1599  ; 


170  PRESIDENCY  OF  JOHN  SPENSER. 

Thomas  Anyan,  subsequently  President,  admitted  in 
and  Henry  Jackson,  admitted  in  I6O21,  an  industrious 
collector  and  annotator  of  the  works  of  others  rather  than 
himself  an  author,  whose  collections  seem  to  have  been  plun- 
dered during  the  troubles  of  the  Great  Rebellion. 


John  Spenser  or  Spencer,  who  appears  to  have  been 
a  learned,  capable,  and  peaceable  man,  was  an  appropriate 
successor  to  Reynolds.  We  have  already  heard  of  him, 
in  connexion  with  his  premature  promotion  to  the  Greek 
Readership,  during  the  stormy  Presidency  of  Cole,  of  whom 
he  was  brother-in-law.  As  he  was  admitted,  May  7,  1579, 
full  fellow,  in  virtue  of  his  previous  election  to  the  Greek 
Readership  on  June  9,  1578,  his  age  is  not  mentioned  in  the 
Register,  but,  from  Reynolds'  assertion  (see  above,  p.  143)  that, 
when  elected  to  the  Greek  Readership,  he  had  not  yet  attained 
his  nineteenth  year,  we  may  infer  that  he  was  born  in  1559- 
In  the  record  of  his  taking  the  oaths,  the  day  after  his  election, 
he  is  described  as  a  native  of  the  county  of  Suffolk,  and,  as  the 
natives  of  this  county  were  not  included  amongst  the  favoured 
dioceses  and  counties  from  which  alone  the  Fellows  and 
Scholars  could  be  elected,  one  reason  for  pressing  his  election 
as  Greek  Reader  may  have  been  to  retain  him  in  the  College. 
If  so,  the  event  justified  the  calculations  of  the  electors, 
though  hardly  the  unusual  course  which  they  took.  It  may 
be  noticed  that,  with  the  exception  of  Spenser,  no  President 
as  yet  has  been  taken  from  any  diocese  or  county  outside  the 
list  prescribed  by  the  Founder.  The  particular  parish  in 
which  Spenser  was  born  is  not  specified  in  the  Register,  nor, 
so  far  as  I  know,  recoverable  from  any  other  source.  He 

1  More  will  be  said  about  H.  Jackson  under  the  Presidency  of  Spenser,  with 
whom  he  was  closely  connected  in  the  endeavour  to  recover  and  restore  the 
lost  books  of  Hooker's  Ecclesiastical  Polity,  as  well  as  to  bring  out  editions  of 
some  of  his  minor  works.  There  is  much  interesting  information  with  regard 
to  Jackson's  labours  on  Hooker  in  Keble's  Preface  to  his  own  edition,  and  the 
suggestion  that  the  long  missing  Seventh  Book  of  the  Ecclesiastical  Polity  may 
have  been  one  of  the  MSS.  carried  off  or  sold  by  the  Parliamentary  plunderers 
at  Meysey  Hampton  seems  to  me  a  very  probable  conjecture. 


HIS  DISTINCTIONS  AND  PREVIOUS  CAREER.      171 

must  have  come  up  to  Oxford  as  the  merest  boy,  if  Reynolds' 
assertion  about  his  age  at  the  time  of  his  election  to  the 
Greek  Readership  be  true  ;  for  he  took  his  B.A.  Degree, 
Oct.  29,  1577,  when,  if  that  statement  be  accurate,  he  cannot 
have  been  much  over  eighteen.  As  noticed  above,  he  was 
originally  a  clerk,  or,  possibly,  a  '  Famulus  Praesidis.'  The 
Greek  Readership  he  resigned  in  1588,  after  holding  it  for 
ten  years,  the  period  prescribed  in  the  Statutes  as  that  for 
which  an  '  extern '  (that  is,  a  Reader  who  had  not  been 
previously  a  Fellow  or  Probationer)  must  serve,  before  he 
had  the  right  of  retaining  his  Fellowship  free  from  the  duty 
of  lecturing.  It  may  be  mentioned  that  the  foundation  on 
which  he  had  been  placed  was  that  of  the  Diocese  of  Sarum 
(commonly  filled  up  by  a  Wiltshire  scholar).  Soon  after 
resigning  his  Readership,  Spenser  probably  left  Oxford,  if,  at 
least,  he  be  the  same  John  Spenser  who,  on  June  5,  1589,  was 
instituted  to  the  Vicarage  of  Alveley,  Essex,  and  who,  on 
resigning  it  on  Sept.  16,  1592,  was  instituted  to  the  Vicarage 
of  Broxbourne,  Herts.  There  is  no  doubt,  any  way,  that  he 
is  the  same  person  who  was  instituted,  June  12,  1599,  to  the 
Vicarage  of  St.  Sepulchre's,  Newgate,  and  it  is  under  this  de- 
signation that  he  is  described  on  taking  the  oaths  as  President 
on  June  9,  1607,  the  anniversary  day,  curiously,  of  his  election 
to  the  Greek  Readership.  As  he  is  there  also  described  as 
'diocesis  Londonensis,'  he  must  have  been  residing  in  London 
at  the  time  of  his  admission.  Indeed,  he  was  a  noted  preacher 
in  London,  chaplain  to  King  James  the  First,  and,  there  can 
be  little  doubt,  one  of  the  Westminster  company  appointed 
for  the  translation  of  the  Epistles  in  King  James'  scheme 
for  the  production  of  what  is  now  called  the  Authorized 
Version  of  the  Bible.  This  honour  is  sometimes  assigned 
to  Dr.  John  Spenser,  Master  of  Corpus  Christi  College, 
Cambridge,  but  he  was  not  born  till  1630,  and,  while  there  is 
no  other  '  Dr  Spencer '  of  the  time  who  seems  to  have  been 
fitted  for  the  task,  the  subject  of  this  notice,  as  a  Royal 
Chaplain,  a  London  Incumbent,  a  noted  preacher  and  divine, 
the  friend  of  Hooker  and  Reynolds,  and  a  former  Reader  of 
Greek,  in  a  public  capacity,  in  one  of  the  foremost  colleges  of 


172          CORPUS  TRANSLATORS  OF  THE  BIBLE. 

Oxford,  seems  to  be  just  the  person  who  would  naturally  be 
selected.  The  circumstance  that,  like  Dr.  Reynolds,  he  is 
portrayed,  on  the  monument  erected  to  his  memory  Jn  the 
College  Chapel,  as  holding  a  book,  probably  the  Bible1,  in 
his  hand,  is  confirmatory  of  the  supposition.  We  are  thus 
justified  in  claiming  for  the  honour  of  Corpus,  two  certainly 
of  the  Translators  of  the  Authorized  Version,  a  third  in  all 
probability,  and  a  fourth  (Daniel  Featley)  probably. 

But  Spenser's  name  is  now  chiefly  known  in  his  relation  to 
the  works  of  Hooker,  and  that  in  two  connexions.  A  certain 
Hamlett  Marshall,  who  seems  to  have  been  his  curate,  pub- 
lished, in  1615,  'a  learned  and  gracious  sermon,  preached  at 
Paul's  Cross  by  that  famous  and  judicious  divine,  John 
Spenser,  late  President  of  Corpus  Christi  College  in  Oxford,' 
on  God's  Love  to  his  Vineyard,  which  he  dedicated  to  John 
King,  then  Bishop  of  London.  In  the  dedication  to  this 
sermon  (which,  it  may  be  remarked,  is  the  only  writing  by 
Spenser  which  we  possess,  except  the  Address  'To  the  Reader,' 
prefixed  to  his  editions  of  the  first  Five  Books  of  the  Ec- 
clesiastical Polity),  he  makes  this  statement:  'This  of  mine 
own  knowledge  I  dare  affirm,  that  such  was  his  humility  and 
modesty  in  that  kind  '  (namely,  in  withholding  his  works  from 
publication),  'that,  when  he  had  taken  extraordinary  pains, 
together  with  a  most  judicious  and  complete  Divine  in  our 
Church,  about  the  compiling  of  a  learned  and  profitable  work 
now  extant,  yet  would  he  not  be  moved  to  put  his  hand  to  it, 
though  he  had  a  special  hand  in  it,  and,  therefore  it  fell  out 
that  tulit  alter  honores?  It  is  very  probable  that  Spenser, 
being  apparently  an  intimate  friend,  and  sharing  generally, 
as  it  would  seem  both  from  the  Sermon  and  the  Address,  in 
the  same  theological  opinions,  would  often  communicate  with 
Hooker  on  the  work  which  the  latter  writer  was  preparing, 
possibly  make  suggestions,  or  have  special  points  of  difficulty 
referred  to  him  for  advice  or  information.  But  that  he  made 
any  substantial  contribution  to  the  composition  of  the  book, 

1  In  Dr.  Reynolds'  case,  the  book  is  closed,  in  Spenser's  open.  Possibly  the 
difference  may  have  a  meaning,  as  Reynolds  translated  a  portion  of  the  Old  Testa- 
ment, Spenser  of  the  New. 


SPENSEJfS  CONNEXION  WITH  HOOKER'S  WORKS.     173 

without  receiving  due  acknowledgment  from  the  author,  is  a 
supposition  as  wholly  repugnant  to  the  character  of  Hooker 
as  it  is  contradictory  of  the  entire  tone  and  spirit  of  the 
address  in  which  Spenser  introduces  his  friend's  work.  More- 
over, an  insinuation  of  this  kind,  which  is  unsubstantiated  by 
any  reference  to  confirmatory  facts,  has  really  no  claim  to 
consideration.  And,  in  this  case,  probably,  we  can  detect 
the  origin  of  the  somewhat  malicious  story.  Henry  Jackson, 
a  young  Fellow  of  Corpus,  was  employed  by  Spenser  to  put 
together  the  various  fragments  of  Hooker's  works,  which 
could  still  be  found,  with  a  view  to  a  complete  edition  which 
he  was  hoping  to  bring  out,  much  as  young  scholars  are  being 
constantly  employed  now  by  older  men,  in  the  same  manner 
and  with  similar  objects.  But  Jackson  seems  to  have  been 
a  young  man  of  a  somewhat  jealous  and  cynical  temperament, 
and,  writing  to  a  friend  in  1612,  he  says,  '  Puto  Praesidem 
nostrum  emissurum  sub  suo  nomine  D.  Hookeri  librum  octa- 
vum  a  me  plane  vitae  restitutum.  Tulit  alter  honores  V  It 
is  curious,  if  my  supposition  be  true,  that  a  quotation,  thus 
used  in  disparagement  of  Spenser,  should,  after  passing 
through  the  confused  mind  of  Marshall,  have  been  turned 
to  the  glory  of  Spenser  and  the  disparagement  of  Hooker. 
It  would  hardly  have  been  worth  while  to  dwell  on  this 
matter,  had  not  the  story  obtained  a  wide  currency  through 
its  repetition  in  Wood's  Athenae2,  where,  after  his  manner, 
it  is  told  on  his  own  account,  and  as  if  he  were  himself 
responsible  for  its  accuracy,  instead  of  being  given  on  the 
authority  of  Marshall,  an  obscure  person,  whose  gossip  would 
have  probably  attracted  no  attention. 

The  second  point  of  connexion  is  that  the  first  posthumous 
edition  of  any  part  of  Hooker's  Ecclesiastical  Polity  was 
brought  out  by  Spenser3,  who,  in  1604,  published  an  edition 
of  the  first  Five  Books,  '  without  any  addition  or  diminution 
whatsoever,'  with  a  brief,  but  graceful  and  pregnant,  address 

1  Fulmau  MSS.,  vol.  x.  fol.  86  b. 
*  In  the  notice  of  John  Spenser. 

5  First,  the  first  four  books,  and  then  the  fifth  by  itself,  had  appeared  during 
Hooker's  life-time. 


174          SPENSER'S  SYMPATHY  WITH  HOOKER. 

'To  the  Reader.'  One  sentence  in  this  Address  may  be 
selected  for  reproduction,  as  shewing  how  completely  Spenser 
had  imbibed  the  spirit  of  Hooker,  and  illustrating,  possibly, 
also  his  own  manner  of  life  and  conversation  :  '  So  much 
better  were  it,  in  these  our  dwellings  of  peace,  to  endure  any 
inconvenience  whatsoever  in  the  outward  form,  than,  in  desire 
of  alteration,  thus  to  set  the  whole  house  on  fire.'  He  also 
took  great  pains  to  recover,  in  a  form  fit  for  publication,  the 
remaining  three  books,  in  which  effort,  so  far  as  regards  the 
eighth  book,  he  seems  to  have  been  largely  successful,  no 
doubt  owing  much  to  the  co-operation  of  Jackson.  The  sixth 
and  eighth  books  were  not  published  till  1648,  the  seventh 
book,  for  the  recovery  of  which  all  endeavours  had  hitherto 
proved  fruitless,  not  till  its  appearance  in  Gauden's  edition  of 
1662.  But  Jackson's  indefatigable  industry  was  rewarded  by 
his  being  enabled  to  publish,  from  time  to  time,  several  of 
Hooker's  Sermons,  of  which  that  on  Justification  was  so 
rapidly  sold  that  a  new  edition  was  almost  at  once  called  for, 
as  well  as  Travers'  Supplication  and  Hooker's  reply.  Jackson's 
suspicion  of  Spenser  was  by  no  means  justified  by  the  results. 
Spenser  set  him  on  the  work,  supplied  the  materials,  and 
allowed  him  to  reap  the  glory. 

The  life  of  the  College  seems  to  have  been  so  perfectly 
peaceful  and  so  entirely  uneventful  during  the  brief  period  of 
Spenser's  Presidency,  that  there  is  nothing  to  record,  except 
the  institution  of  a  Hebrew  Lectureship  in  1607  or  8  1,  but 
whether  it  was  temporary  or -intended  to  be  permanent,  and 
whether  it  was  founded  by  the  President  at  his  own  charges 
or  out  of  the  College  revenues,  we  cannot  say. 

Spenser  died  on  April  3,  1614,  aged  fifty-five.  He  was 
married  to  George  Cranmer's  sister,  which  must  have  been 
an  additional  stimulus  to  the  interest  he  felt  in  all  that  apper- 
tained to  Hooker  and  his  works.  There  are  some  expressions 

1  Fnlman  MSS.,  vol.  ix.  fol.  229,  a,  b.  '1607.8.  Instituit'  (sc.  Spenserus) 
*  Prselectionem  Hebraicam;'  and,  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  leaf,  '1607.8. 
H.  Jacks.  Epist.  Nova  hie  nulla,  nisi  Hebraicam  institutam  apud  nos  Lectionem.' 


PRESIDENCY  OF  THOMAS  ANY  AN.  175 

in  Marshall's  dedication  of  the  Sermon  to  Bishop  King  which 
seem  to  imply  that  the  widow  and  children  were  not  left 
in  good  circumstances.  Spenser  was  buried  in  the  College 
Chapel,  and  his  monument  is  appropriately  placed  opposite 
to  that  of  Dr.  Reynolds,,  each  being  attired  in  his  doctor's 
habits,  and  each  holding  a  book,  Reynolds  a  closed  one, 
Spenser  an  open  one1. 

None  of  the  students  known  to  have  been  admitted  during 
Spenser's  Presidency  seem  to  merit  notice,  unless  it  be 
Walter,  eldest  son  of  Sir  Walter  Ralegh  (for  an  account  of 
whom  see  a  note  to  the  names  of  the  Commoners  admitted  in 
1607),  and  Richard  James,  of  Newport,  in  the  Isle  of  Wight, 
who,  according  to  Wood,  was  "a  great  traveller,  '  a  very  good 
Grecian,  a  poet  an  excellent  critic,  antiquary,  divine,  and  ad- 
mirably well  skilled  in  the  Saxon  and  Gothic  languages.'  He 
assisted  Selden  in  the  composition  of  the  Marmora  Arundeliana 
and  Sir  Robert  Cotton  in  the  settling  of  his  library.  Thomas 
Carew,  the  poet  and  song-writer,  if,  as  Wood  tells  us,  he  was 
a  member  of  Corpus,  was  probably  matriculated  during 
this  Presidency.  But  I  think  it  almost  certain  that  he  is 
identical  with  the  Thomas  Carew  who  was  matriculated  at 
Merton,  June  10,  1608.  See  A.  Clark's  Register,  Vol.  ii.  Pt  2, 
p.  301,  and  Foster's  Alumni  Oxonienses,  Early  Series,  Vol.  i. 


The  peace  of  the  College  which  had  prevailed  during  the 
Presidencies  of  Reynolds  and  Spenser  was  almost  immediately 
broken  by  the  Presidential  election  which  followed  Spenser's 
death.  When  the  day  fixed  for  the  election  (April  1 2)  arrived, 
a  preliminary  objection  was  raised  by  one  of  the  seven  seniors 
(with  whom  the  election  lay)  to  the  votes  of  three  of  the 

1  The  Inscription  runs  as  follows : 

Johannes  Spenser 

Prseses  Hujus  Collegii,  S.  Theol.  Doctor,  Sereniss. 

Jacobo  Regi  A  Sacris,  Verse  Pietatis,  Eruditionis,  Virtutis, 

Exemplar,  Omnibus  Probis  Sni  Desiderium  Relinquens, 

Prseivit  3°  Aprilis  An.  Dom.  1614. 


176  DISPUTED  PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION. 

others,  but,  in  spite  of  this  objection,  the  scrutators  proceeded 
to  a  scrutiny.  According  to  Fulman,  '  three  were  named : 
Henry  Hooke ;  Thomas  Anian ;  Robert  Burghill  ;  but, 
none  of  these  having  a  major  part,  they  went  to  another 
scrutiny ;  and,  likewise,  twice  after  dinner,  with  like  success : 
so  they  adjourned.  The  next  day,  they  had  likewise  two 
scrutinies.  In  the  last,  which  ended  about  twelve  at  midday, 
Dr  Benefield  declared  that 

Henry  Hooke  had  one  voice, 

Thomas  Anian  three, 

and  Robert  Burghill  three  : 

but,  it  seems,  refused  to  pronounce  who  was  chosen,  as  having 
the  Vice-President's  suffrage.'  The  original  statutes,  which 
contain  elaborate  regulations  with  regard  to  the  election  of 
a  President,  ordain  that,  in  the  last  resort,  even  though  there 
be  not  an  absolute  majority  for  any  one  name,  and  even 
though  no  one  name  heads  the  list,  that  Candidate,  amongst 
those  who  have  an  equal  number  of  votes,  for  whom  the  Vice- 
President,  or,  in  his  absence,  the  Senior  Fellow  present,  has 
recorded  his  vote,  shall  be  held  to  be  elected.  The  question 
as  to  the  three  disputed  votes  was  then  brought  before  the 
Visitor  (and  it  is  to  be  noted  that  the  Visitor  heard  Counsel 
as  well  as  the  parties  themselves),  and  was,  in  each  case, 
decided  in  favour  of  the  elector,  the  exceptions  being  pro- 
nounced 'false,  frivolous,  and  devoid  of  all  truth.'  The 
scrutators  were  then  ordered  to  publish  the  scrutiny,  especially 
the  last,  stating  for  whom  the  Vice-President  had  voted  in  it. 
On  May  26,  'this  order  being  read,  Dr  Benefield  declared 
(saving  his  duty  to  the  King l)  that,  of  the  persons  named  in 
the  several  scrutinies, 

Henry  Hooke  had  one  vote,  sc.  Christ  Membry 
Robert  Burghill  three,  sc.  Sebastian  Benefield 

Peter  Hooker 
Gilbert  Hawthorne 

1  Fulman  remarks,  in  a  marginal  note,  '  It  seems  by  this  and  the  Visitor's  Order 
that  there  was  a  letter  recommendatory  from  the  King  (Qu.  for  whom  ?).'  If  for 
any  of  the  three  persons  voted  for,  it  was,  in  all  probability,  for  Anyan,  who  was 
Chaplain  to  Lord  Chancellor  Egerton  (Lord  Ellesmere),  at  that  time  Lord  High 
Chancellor  of  England  and  Chancellor  of  the  University. 


ANY  AN' S  PREVIOUS  CAREER.  177 

Thomas  Anyan  three,  sc.  William  Beely,  Vice-President 

Gabriel  Honyfold 
Brian  Twyne  ; 

and  that,  in  the  last  scrutiny,  Thomas  Anyan  was  named  and 
elected  President  by  the  Vice-President  and  the  other  two; 
and  then  Christopher  Membry,  the  other  scrutator,  pro- 
nounced that  Thomas  Anyan  was  elected  President.'  The 
seal  was,  next  day,  set  to  a  certificate  of  these  proceedings. 
Anyan  was  duly  presented  to  the  Visitor,  and,  on  June  i, 
was  sworn  President,  this  curious  example  of  a  hotly  contested 
election  being  thus  finally  settled. 

Thomas  Anian,  or  Anyan,  was  born  at  Sandwich  in 
Kent,  about  the  25th  of  February,  i58f ,  was  matriculated  at 
Lincoln  College  in  June  1597,  admitted  Scholar  of  Corpus, 
March  9,  i6c£,  aged  18,  and  Probationary  Fellow,  Nov.  21, 
1608.  He  was  thus,  on  his  election  to  the  Presidentship,  in 
the  early  summer  of  1614,  but  little  over  thirty-one  years  of 
age.  He  had  preached  the  Act  Sermon  at  St.  Mary's  on 
July  12,  1612,  and,  the  same  year,  proceeded  to  the  Degree 
of  B.D.  Though  so  young,  he  must  have  already  become 
a  man  of  some  mark  in  the  Church,  for,  in  1612,  he  was  made 
Prebendary  of  Gloucester,  and  was,  at  the  time  of  his  election 
to  the  Presidency,  Chaplain  to  the  Lord  Chancellor  Egerton, 
and  either  then,  or  very  shortly  afterwards,  Prebendary  of 
Canterbury.  Two  of  his  sermons  were  published,  the  Act 
Sermon,  mentioned  above,  and  a  Spital  Sermon,  preached  on 
April  10,  1615  l.  But  there  seems  to  have  been,  or  at  least 
to  have  been  supposed  to  have  been,  some  dark  stain  on  his 
character.  Dr.  Sebastian  Benefield  (a  man  whose  testimony 
we  have  no  reason  to  doubt),  speaking  of  his  conduct  as 
scrutator,  says  that  he  'could  not  pronounce  Mr.  Anian 

1  These  two  Sermons,  which  are  studded  with  Latin  and  Greek  terms  and 
quotations,  seem  to  be  rigidly  orthodox,  according  to  the  standard  of  the  time, 
and  may  be  described  as  moderately  Calvinistic,  but  without  any  leaning  to 
Puritanism.  In  both  he  expressly  teaches  the  doctrine  of  Baptismal  Regeneration. 
In  the  later  Sermon,  he  quotes  passages  from  Calvin  with  approval,  though  without 
any  epithet  of  admiration  for  the  author ;  in  the  earlier,  he  dwells  on  the  inde- 
fectibility  of  grace  and  the  final  salvation  of  the  elect,  as  if  they  were  familiar 
truths  which  might  be  taken  for  granted. 

N 


178  PRESIDENCY  OF  THOMAS  ANY  AN. 

elected  for  two  reasons,'  one  of  them  being  '  because  it  was  in 
writing  exhibited  unto  me,  under  a  public  Notary's  hand, 
that  Mr.  Anian  by  reason  of  the  infamy,  wherewith  he  then 
stood  burthened,  was  ineligible  to  that  place.'  There  is,  in 
the  Fulman  MSS.,  vol.  ix.  fol.  233,  a  very  plain-spoken  letter, 
written  by  Peter  Hooker,  acknowledging  the  receipt  of  advice 
from  Anian,  on  his  appointment  to  the  Mastership  of  the 
Charterhouse,  and  intimating  that  he  had  better  look  at 
home.  Some  portions  of  this  letter  do  not  admit  of  repro- 
duction, but  it  may  be  mentioned  that  '  bribery  and  corruption 
both  in  elections  and  offices,  places,  leases  and  copie  holdes,' 
drunkenness,  dissoluteness,  and  even  adultery,  are  not  the 
worst  crimes  which,  with  studied  ambiguity,  it  is  insinuated 
that  Anyan  either  commits  himself  or  tolerates  in  others. 
Such  offences  will  not  be  tolerated,  or,  if  they  spring  up,  they 
will  be  rooted  out,  in  the  writer's  own  society,  '  and  so  wish- 
ing you  to  take  the  like  course  in  the  College,  I  leave  you  to 
God's  holy  protection.  Sutton's  hospitall.  Jan.  10,  1616. 
Yours  as  you  use  me,  Peter  Hooker.'  On  Oct.  10,  1618, 
Henry  Jackson,  writing  to  the  Visitor,  Bishop  Andrewes, 
implores  him  '  ut  afflictissimo  Collegio  succurrere  velis,  nosque 
ab  eo  Praeside  liberare,  qui  omnium  sermonibus  vapulat,  et  in 
quo  plurima  esse  audivisti,  quae  non  solum  condemnes,  sed 
detesteris.'  It  is  plain  from  several  documents  preserved  by 
Fulman  that  the  charges  against  Dr.  Anyan  fell  under  two 
heads,  corruption  with  respect  to  fines  and  elections,  and 
personal  immorality.  At  length,  in  1624,  Drs.  Richard  Allyn 
and  Daniel  Featly  (Fulman  MSS.,  vol.  ix.  fol.  238)  petitioned 
the  King  for  a  full  enquiry,  by  means  of  a  Royal  Commission, 
into  the  'enormous  offences'  wherewith  the  President  stood 
charged,  complaining,  at  the  same  time,  of  the  injurious 
manner  in  which  he  had  oppressed  the  witnesses  produced 
against  him,  and  of  the  vexations  to  which  the  supplicants 
themselves  had  been  subjected  by  means  of  'arrests  and 
threats  of  suits.'  On  May  28  of  this  year,  the  House  of 
Commons,  amongst  the  grievances  enumerated  in  their  address 
to  the  King,  complained  :  '(12)  Wheras  complaints  have  been 
made  to  your  Majesty's  Commons,  now  assembled  in  Parlia- 


HIS  EVIL  REPUTATION.  179 

ment,  against  Dr  Anian,  President  of  Corpus  Christi  College 
in  Oxford,  of  sundrie  misdemeanours  in  the  government  of 
the  same  col  ledge,  and  other  enormous  and  scandalous  of- 
fences unworthy  of  his  calling,  degree,  and  place,  which,  upon 
examination  before  them,  have  appeared,  in  the  greatest  part, 
to  be  true :  Forasmuch,  as  nothing  can  be  more  agreeable  to 
your  Majesty's  great  knowledge  and  wisdom  than  to  have 

particular  care  of  the  advancement,  &c your  most 

dutiful  Commons  in  all  humbleness  beseech  your  most  excel- 
lent Majesty  that  some  course  may  be  taken,  according  to 
your  princely  justice  and  wisdom,  for  removing  the  same 
Dr  Anian  from  the  place  of  President  in  that  colledge1.' 
The  next  day  (May  29)  the  King  replied  with  respect  to  this 
matter:  'You  all  took  the  oath  of  supremacy  whereby  you 
acknowledge  me  to  be  supreme  judge  in  ecclesiastical  matters. 
I  have  referred  the  matter  to  the  Bishop  of  Winchester' 
(Andrewes),  'who  is  visitor  of  that  College,  upon  whose 
learning,  gravity,  and  (as  I  may  saye)  Holyness  I  may  well 
rely  in  that  cause.'  On  June  12,  Locke,  writing  to  Carleton, 
says :  '  Many  of  the  grievances  that  were  complayned  of  by 
the  House  of  Commons  do  now  come  to  be  scanned  at  the 
Council  Table,  amongst  which  one  was  against  Dr  Anian, 
President  of  Corpus  Christi  in  Oxford.  Dr  Featley,  Dr 
Allen,  and  Dr  Barcroft,  with  others,  that  complained  against 
him,  and  not  without  a  cause,  are  bound  over  to  appear 
before  the  Lords,  but  it  is  thought  the  King  will  have  the 
hearing  of  it  himself2.'  James  I  died  on  March  27,  1625, 

1  Extracted  from  the  State  Papers  (Domestic)  in  the  Record  Office,  Vol.  165, 
May  28,  1624.  53.  The  King's  Reply  immediately  follows  on  the  statement  of 
grievances.  The  letter  of  Sir  Francis  Nethersole  to  Carleton  (Vol.  167,  June  2.10) 
evidently  refers  to  the  same  matter,  and  gives  no  further  information.  Rushworth 
(Historical  Collections,  vol.  i.  p.  147,  mispaged  in  some  copies  as  151),  Jac.  22 
(1624),  gives  a  somewhat  different  version  of  the  King's  words:  'That  the  form 
of  proceedings  used  by  the  Commons  in  this  Parliament  is  also  a  grievance  unto 
His  Majesty,  for  that  they  did  not  call  the  Commissioners  (Are  these  the  Com- 
missioners asked  for  in  the  petition  of  Allyn  and  Featley  ?),  whom  they  complained 
of,  before  them,  touching  their  complaint  against  Dr  Aynan  (sic)  ;  His  Majesty 
said  their  oath  of  supremacy  forbids  them  to  meddle  with  Church  matters :  besides 
they  complain  against  him,  and  never  heard  him.'  The  '  him '  (bis)  most 
probably  refers  to  Dr.  Anyan,  not  the  King. 

a  Extracted  from  the  State  Papers  (Domestic),  vol.  167,  June  12,  1624.  50. 

N  2 


i8o  ANY  AN' S  RESIGNATION. 

and  this  same  year,  in  the  first  Parliament  of  Charles  I,  the 
Commons  renewed  their  complaints  against  Dr.  Anyan  <or 
'  Onion '),  to  which  the  King  replied  that,  '  if  they  of  the 
College  do  complain  unto  his  Majesty  of  him,  he  will  take  a 
course  in  it1.'  On  August  3  of  this  year,  according  to  Fulman, 
vol.  ix.  fol.  235  b,  '  A  Fast  was  kept  by  the  Parliament  at 
Oxford,  and  a  sermon  at  St.  Marie's,  which  should  have  been 
preached  by  Dr  Anian,  Pr.  of  C.  C.  C.,  had  he  not  been  silenced 
by  some  of  the  Lower  House  the  day  before.'  In  June,  1626, 
according  to  a  very  brief  note  in  Fulman,  he  was  '  citatus,* 
but  whether  before  the  Visitor  or  a  Commission  or  the  Privy 
Council  we  know  not,  nor  how  the  proceedings  were  con- 
ducted, nor  what  was  the  issue.  Any  way,  in  April,  1629,  he 
retired  from  his  office  ('  cessit ').  It  is  a  remarkable  circum- 
stance that,  in  Bishop  Neile's  Episcopal  Register  at  Winches- 
ter, we  find  that,  on  April  14,  1629,  the  very  month  in  which 
Anyan  resigned  the  Presidency,  he  was  instituted  to  the 
Rectory  of  Cranley,  Surrey,  on  the  resignation  of  John  Holt, 
his  successor  in  the  Presidency,  the  patron  of  the  living  being 
William  Holt  of  London.  This  transaction  seems  to  suggest 
some  arrangement  between  Holt,  Anyan,  and  the  College, 
but,  unless  Bishop  Neile  was  singularly  indifferent  to  the 
morals  of  his  clergy,  it  affords  a  presumption  that  the  Visitor, 
being  willing  to  institute  Anyan  to  a  rectory  in  his  own 
diocese,  did  not  himself  give  credence  to  the  more  scandalous 
charges  against  him.  The  only  other  fact  we  know  about 
Anyan  is  that  recorded  by  Fulman  (MSS.,  vol.  ix.  fol.  235  b) 
at  the  end  of  his  notes  :  '  Obiit  Cantuariae,  ubi  Prsebendarius 
erat,  (a  yere  or  two  after2  (his  resignation))  of  the  small 
Pockes,  buryed  ignominiously  by  his  wife  Martha.' 

Whether  Anyan  was  or  was  not  guilty,  and,  if  guilty,  in 
what  degree,  of  the  scandalous  charges  insinuated  against  him, 
it  is  impossible  at  this  distance  of  time,  and  with  no  direct 
evidence  before  us,  to' determine.  We  must  recollect  that, 

Locke  to  Carleton.  The  complaint  of  Dr.  Featley,  &c.,  must  be  the  same  as 
the  one  mentioned  above.  Whether  it  preceded  or  succeeded  the  statement  of 
grievances  by  the  Commons,  we  do  not  know. 

1  Heylin's  Bibliotheca  Regia,  pt.  ii.  p.  277. 

2  According  to  Le  Neve's  Fasti,  in  January  163!. 


THE  MONTAGUE   VEST,  181 

at  this  particular  period  and  for  some  time  before  and  after, 
charges  of  this  kind  were  wildly  and  recklessly  brought 
against  theological,  political,  and  even  literary  opponents,  and 
one  party  in  a  College,  when  College  feuds  ran  high,  would 
probably  have  little  scruple  in  calumniating  another.  The 
foregoing  extracts  will  shew  that  the  opinion  of  contemporaries 
seems  to  have  been  divided  on  the  matter,  at  least  as  between 
doubt  and  conviction,  though  the  adverse  interpretation  was 
plainly  preponderant.  On  the  less  serious  charges,  those 
connected  with  the  administration  of  the  College,  namely, 
corruption  in  elections  and  extortion  and  misappropriation 
in  respect  to  fines,  Anyan,  like  Greenway,  was  probably 
guilty ;  and,  indeed,  from  Bocher's  Presidency  to  Anyan's, 
there  seems  to  have  been  an  evil  tradition  amongst  the 
Presidents  of  the  College,  with  respect  to  the  fines,  excepting 
only  Reynolds  and  Spenser,  whose  high  character  and  nobler 
interests  saved  them  from  giving  way  to  this  mean  temptation. 

The  appeal  to  the  Visitor  (Bishop  Bilson)  in  reference  to 
the  disputes  arising  out  of  Anyan's  election,  with  his  decision, 
has  already  been  mentioned.  In  i6if,  Bishop  Montague 
decided,  in  conformity  with  Ch.  26  of  the  Statutes,  that,  in 
all  University  Elections,  members  of  the  foundation,  having 
votes  in  Convocation,  should  '  certify  their  unanimity  at  home 
by  their  unanimity  abroad,'  and  'conform  themselves  to  the 
inclination  and  disposition  of  the  President.'  One  wonders 
how  far,  during  the  subsequent  disputes  between  the  President 
and  Fellows,  this  interpretation  was  regarded.  Perhaps  the 
dissentients  took  refuge  in  neutrality. 

About  the  same  time  (Feb.  5,  i5if)  was  made  the  im- 
portant order,  shortly  afterwards  sanctioned  by  the  Visitor, 
with  reference  to  the  increase  of  the  allowance  for  Vests, 
Gowns,  or  Liveries,  as  they  were  indifferently  called.  This 
additional  allowance  was  subsequently  called,  in  honour  of 
the  Visitor  who  sanctioned  it,  the  Montague  Vest,  but  it  is 
more  convenient  to  reserve  the  account  of  this  change  and  its 
results  till  I  come  to  treat  of  the  financial  history  of  the 
College  in  Appendix  A.  Soon  after  according  this  very  con- 
siderable boon,  Bishop  Montague  appears  to  have  become  the 


I Sz  CELEBRATION  OF  THE  CENTENARY. 

guest  of  the  College  at  the  celebration  of  its  Centenary,  which 
probably  occurred  on  or  about  March  5,  i6i£.  On  his 
arrival,  the  youth  of  the  College  ('  nos  tenuior  juvente(ae) 
soboles,  qui  manum  ferulae  dudum  subduximus')  presented 
him  with  a  collection  of  Latin  epigrams  *,  which  are  of  much 
the  same  character  and  quality  as  other  compositions  of  that 
kind  at  this  period.  They  are  characterized  by  the  frequent 
playing  upon  the  Bishop's  name  ('  Jacobus  de  Monte  Acuto '), 
for  the  inevitable  conjunction  of  him  with  his  name-sake,  the 
King,  and  for  the  expressions  of  gratitude  to  him  as  a  second 
founder  ('  Qui  Foxi  domui,  Foxus  ut  alter,  ades ')  on  account 
of  his  recent  concession  with  respect  to  the  '  Montague  Vests.' 
Amongst  the  contributors  are  Robert  Hegge  (the  compiler 
of  the  Catalogue  of  Fellows  and  Scholars)  and  Edmund 
Staunton,  subsequently  President. 

In  i6i|,  the  President  and  Fellows,  with  the  consent  and 
approbation  of  the  Visitor,  order  that,  besides  the  stipends 
allotted  by  the  Founder,  the  Vice-President  shall  have,  for 
the  care  of  the  Library  and  Divines,  £4  per  annum  ;  the  two 
Deans,  for  the  care  of  the  Bachelors,  £2  each  per  annum  ;  the 
two  Lecturers  8j.  ^d.  each  per  quarter ;  the  two  Bursars,  pro 
cura  Braccatorum  (the  servants  or,  perhaps,  those  servants 
who  were  not  students)  £4  per  annum  between  them ;  the 
Logic  Lecturer  $s.  per  quarter :  which  allowances  are  to  take 
place  only  in  case  100  Marks  are  carried  into  the  Tower2. 
On  June  i,  1615,  a  decree  of  the  President,  Seniors  and 
Officers  was  issued  requiring,  on  pain  of  a  fine  of  13^.  4d.  for 
each  omission,  all  those  Masters  of  Arts  on  the  Foundation, 
who  were  between  the  standing  of  one  year  and  four  years 
from  their  inception  (when  they  became  subject  to  the  obliga- 
tion of  preaching  before  the  University),  to  preach,  in  turn, 
in  the  College  Chapel,  as  a  kind  of  exercise,  for  the  space  of 

1  This  collection  is  preserved  in  the  Bodleian  Library,  MS.  Rawl.  Poetry,  171, 
fol.  100,  &c.  It  was  kindly  pointed  out  to  me  by  Mr.  F.  Madan. 

3  It  appears  from  the  Register  that  Thomas  White,  who  was  admitted  Chaplain 
in  1623,  had  agreed,  in  1621,  to  perform  the  duties  of  that  office,  provisionally, 
for  his  living  and  clothing  and  6s.  Sd.  per  term.  The  money  payment  was  exactly 
double  that  of  Thomas  Newman,  who  was  engaged  provisionally  as  Butler 
in  1627. 


ROBERT  HEGGE  AND  EDWARD  POCOCK.         183 

half  an  hour,  on  certain  Saturdays  at  the  time  of  morning 
prayers.  The  document  is  signed  by  Thomas  Anyan,  President, 
Peter  Hooker,  Vice-President,  Sebastian  Benefield,  Thomas 
Jackson,  George  Sellar,  and  Robert  Barcroft. 

The  members  of  the  College,  most  worthy  of  mention, 
admitted  during  Anyan's  Presidency,  were,  amongst  the 
scholars:  Robert  Hegge,  admitted  1614,  'a.  prodigy  of  his 
time  for  forward  and  good  natural  parts,'  according  to  Wood, 
who  died  when  only  thirty,  and  was  buried  in  the  College 
chapel,  leaving  behind  him  several  MS.  works,  which  included 
the  '  Legend  of  St  Cuthbert  with  the  Antiquities  of  the 
Church  of  Durham '  (afterwards  published),  a  '  Treatise  of 
Dials  and  Dialling,'  still  in  the  College  Library,  containing 
drawings  and  descriptions  of  Kratzer's  dial  in  the  Garden, 
and  Turnbull's  in  the  Quadrangle1,  and  the  MS.  'Catalogus' 
of  Fellows  and  Scholars  of  C.  C.  C.,  invaluable  for  reference, 
which,  with  its  continuations  down  to  the  present  time,  is  in 
the  custody  of  the  President ;  Robert  Nulin,  Newlin,  or  Newlyn, 
also  admitted  in  1614,  elected  President  in  1640,  and,  after 
expulsion  by  the  Parliamentary  Visitors,  restored  in  1660 ; 
Edmund  Staunton,  the  Parliamentary  President,  admitted  in 
1615  ;  Edward  Pocock,  a  native  of  the  parish  of  St.  Peter  in 
the  East,  Oxford,  admitted  Scholar  Dec.  n,  1620,  having 
been  previously  a  member  of  Magdalen  Hall,  for  some  time 
Chaplain  at  Aleppo,  subsequently  Laudian  Professor  of  Arabic, 

1  Kratzer's  dial  in  the  Garden  has  unfortunately  disappeared,  without  a  trace  of 
it  being  left.  Turnbull's  dial  in  the  quadrangle  bears  two  dates,  1581  and  1605, 
the  former  of  which  is  the  probable  date  of  its  construction,  the  later  date  being 
probably  that  of  some  tables  painted  subsequently  on  the  cylinder,  which  do  not 
appear  in  the  drawing  given  in  Hegge's  Treatise.  It  should  be  noticed  that, 
in  Hegge's  drawing  of  this  dial,  the  structure  terminates  with  the  octagonal  base 
of  the  cylinder,  resting  on  a  platform,  approached  by  four  steps,  and  surrounded 
with  rails.  The  present  square  pedestal,  which  is  much  defaced,  owing  to  the 
softness  of  the  stone,  and  seems  older  than  the  cylinder,  is  not  figured  in  Hegge's 
drawing.  It  cannot  have  been  part  of  Kratzer's  dial,  which  was  differently 
shaped,  and  where  it  came  from  we  cannot  now  say.  There  are  two  copies  of 
Hegge's  MS.  Treatise  on  Dials  in  the  Corpus  Library :  one  a  small  quarto 
(perfect)  ;  the  other  a  folio  (imperfect),  bound  up  with  much  miscellaneous  matter. 
The  figures  in  the  latter  copy  are  better  executed  than  in  the  former,  though, 
in  the  case  of  the  cylindrical  dial,  we  miss  the  view  of  the  quadrangle  which 
we  have  in  the  quarto.  The  drawings  were  probably  executed  between  1625 
and  1630. 


184  BRIEF  PRESIDENCY  OF  JOHN  HOLT. 

Rector  of  the  College  living  of  Childrey,  Berks,  Regius  Pro- 
fessor of  Hebrew  and  Canon  of  Ch.  Ch.,  one  of  the  greatest 
Oriental  scholars  whom  England  has  ever  produced,  and 
hardly  less  remarkable  for  his  pure,  blameless,  and  exalted 
character  (see  Locke's  letter  to  Mr.  Smith  of  Dartmouth, 
July  23,  1703,  quoted  in  Twells'  Life  and  Bliss'  Edition  of 
Wood's  Athenae  Oxonienses);  and  Edmund  Vaughan,  admitted 
Scholar  1627,  author  of  the  Life  of  Dr.  Thomas  Jackson,  to 
which  I  shall  presently  refer.  The  only  other  member  of  the 
College,  worthy  of  mention,  who  entered  during  Anyan's 
Presidency,  seems  to  be  Edward  Rainbow,  subsequently 
Bishop  of  Carlisle,  who  is  said  by  Antony  Wood  (Ath.  Ox.) 
to  have  entered  C.  C.  C.  in  July  1623,  and,  two  years  after- 
wards, to  have  migrated  to  Magdalen  College,  Cambridge, 
of  which,  in  1642,  he  became  Master. 


On  Anian's  cession,  John  Holt  was  elected  to  the  Presi- 
dency (Apr.  24,  1629)  and  sworn  on  the  first  of  May  following. 
All  that  we  know  of  him,  in  addition,  is  that  he  was  born  at 
Chertsey,  in  Surrey,  about  the  Feast  of  the  Purification 
(Feb.  2),  i58f,  admitted  Scholar  Jan.  3,  if ££,  Probationary 
Fellow,  Oct.  19,  1611,  installed  Prebendary  of  Westminster 
on  Nov.  29,  1619,  died  at  London,  Jan.  10,  163^,  when 
he  had  been  President  little  more  than  a  year  and  eight 
months,  and  was  buried  in  Westminster  Abbey.  During  his 
brief  Presidency,  only  three  Scholars  were  admitted,  one  of 
whom  was  Richard  Samwaies,  a  man  of  some  note  in  his  time, 
who  was  ejected  from  his  Fellowship  by  the  parliamentary 
commissioners  in  1648,  and,  after  suffering  great  misery,  re- 
stored at  the  Restoration. 


The  next  President,  Thomas  Jackson 1,  was  a  man  of  great 

1  I  may  be  excused,  perhaps,  for  explaining  that  certain  points  of  identity 
between  this  notice  of  Jackson  and  that  in  the  Diet.  Nat.  Biog.  are  due,  not  to  my 
having  borrowed  from  that  article,  but  to  my  having  supplied  corrections  and 
suggestions  to  the  Editor,  as  it  was  passing  through  the  Press. 


PRESIDENCY  OF  THOMAS  JACKSON.  185 

note  both  as  a  scholar  and  a  theologian.  He  was  born  at 
Witton  super  Were  in  the  Bishopric  of  Durham,  about  the 
feast  of  St.  Thomas  the  Apostle  (Dec.  31),  1579.  According 
to  Vaughan's  Life,  prefixed  to  Jackson's  Works,  he  was  orig- 
inally designed  for  a  mercantile  life  at  Newcastle,  where 
many  of  his  friends  lived  in  great  wealth  and  prosperity,  but, 
at  the  instance  of  Lord  Eure,  as  we  learn  from  his  own  dedica- 
tion of  his  Commentaries  on  the  Creed,  his  parents  consented 
to  send  him  up  to  Oxford.  He  was  matriculated  as  a  mem- 
ber of  Queen's,  June  25, 1596,  and  there  was  under  the  tuition 
of  Crackanthorpe,  the  famous  theologian  and  logician,  of  whom 
I  have  already  spoken  in  connexion  with  Dr.  Reynolds.  Nine 
months  afterwards,  March  24,  159^,  he  was  elected  to  a 
Scholarship  at  Corpus,  'where,'  according  to  his  biographer, 
'  although  he  had  no  notice  of  the  vacancy  of  the  place  till 
the  day  before  the  election,  yet  he  answered  with  so  much 
readiness  and  applause,  that  he  gained  the  admiration  as 
well  as  the  suffrages  of  the  electors,  and  was  chosen  with  full 
consent,  although  they  had  received  letters  of  favour  from 
great  men  for  another  scholar.'  '  A  sure  and  honourable 
argument/  he  adds,  'of  the  incorruptedness  of  that  place, 
where  the  peremptory  mandamus  of  the  pious  founder,  nee 
prece>  nee  pretio,  presented  with  the  merits  of  a  young  man 
and  a  stranger,  shall  prevail  more  than  all  other  solicitations 
and  partialities  whatsoever.'  Soon  after  his  migration  to 
Corpus,  he  narrowly  escaped  being  drowned  in  the  river, 
though  he  had  not  gone  out  for  the  purpose  of  boating,  as 
would  be  the  case  in  our  own  time,  but  '  with  others  of  the 
younger  company  to  wash  himself.'  When  he  was  taken  out 
of  the  water,  he  was  supposed  to  be  dead,  and  was  '  lapped  up 
in  the  gowns  of  his  fellow-students,  the  best  shroud  that  love 
or  necessity  could  provide.'  Under  the  skilful  care  of  the 
'  medicinae  deputatus,'  Dr.  Chennell,  he  at  length  recovered, 
and  the  event  seems  to  have  made  a  deep  impression  both 
upon  himself  and  others,  who  '  concluded  him  to  be  reserved 
for  high  and  admirable  purposes.'  '  His  grateful  acknow- 
ledgments towards  the  fisherman  and  his  servants  that  took 
him  up  knew  no  bounds,  being  a  constant  revenue  to  them 


1 86  JACKSON'S  PREVIOUS  CAREER. 

whilst  he  lived.'  As  the  succession  had  now  become  slow, 
he  was  not  admitted  Probationary  Fellow  till  May  10,  1606. 
It  must  be  of  about  this  time  that  his  biographer  speaks, 
when  he  says  that  '  he  was  furnished  with  all  the  learned  lan- 
guages, arts  and  sciences,  as  the  previous  dispositions  or 
beautiful  gate  which  led  him  into  the  temple ;  but  especially 
metaphysics,  as  the  next  in  attendance,  and  most  necessary 
handmaid  to  divinity,  which  was  the  mistress  where  all  his 
thoughts  were  fixed.  The  reading  to  younger  scholars,  and 
some  employments  imposed  by  the  Founder,  were  rather 
recreations  and  assistances  than  diversions  from  that  intended 
work.'  After  he  became  actual  Fellow,  '  the  offices  which  he 
undertook  (out  of  duty,  not  desire)  were  never  the  most 
profitable,  but  the  more  ingenuous ;  not  such  as  might  fill  his 
purse,  but  increase  his  knowledge.'  Two  sons  of  Lord 
Spencer  of  Wormleighton,  Edward  and  Richard,  who  matri- 
culated in  the  autumn  of  1609,  were  commended  to  histharge. 
'  He  read  a  lecture  of  divinity  in  the  college  every  Sunday 
morning,  and  another  day  of  the  week  at  Pembroke  College 
(then  newly  erected),  by  the  instance  of  the  Master  and 
Fellows  there.  He  was  chosen  Vice-President  many  years 
together,  who  by  his  place  was  to  moderate  the  disputations 
in  Divinity.  In  all  these  he  demeaned  himself  with  great 
depth  of  learning,  far  from  that  knowledge  which  puffeth  up, 
but  accompanied  with  all  gentleness,  courtesy,  humility,  and 
moderation.'  In  1622,  he  proceeded  to  the  Degree  of  D.D., 
and,  shortly  afterwards1,  though  in  what  order  it  is  difficult 
to  say  nor  is  the  matter  now  of  any  importance,  he  was  pre- 
sented to  the  two  livings  of  Newcastle  on  Tyne  and  Winston, 
both  in  the  Bishopric  of  Durham,  which  he  seems  to  have 
held  together  till  his  election  to  the  Presidency.  About  the 
same  time  that  he  moved  to  the  North,  he  became  Chaplain 

1  In  Rymer's  Foedera,  XVIII.  660,  quoted  from  Baker  in  Bliss'  Ed.  of  Wood's 
Athense,  the  Dispensation  to  hold  Winston  together  with  Newcastle  is  dated 
May  12,  1625.  Fulman  has  the  entry  'Collegio  cessit  (i.  e.  he  resigned  his 
Fellowship)  Jan.  3,  162^.'  In  the  Register  there  is  a  curious  document,  dated 
April  16,  1616,  in  which  the  President  and  Fellows  engage  to  present  Jackson 
to  the  College  Living  of  Trent  in  Somersetshire,  when  next  vacant.  But  no 
vacancy  occurred  till  after  his  promotion  in  the  North. 


HIS  WORK  AS  A  PARISH  PRIEST.  187 

to  Bp.  Neile  of  Durham,  who,  according  to  Wood,  '  took  him 
off  from  his  precise  way,'  that  is  from  Puritanism.  At  New- 
castle, again  to  quote  Wood,  'he  was  much  followed  and 
admired  for  his  excellent  way  of  preaching,  which  was  then 
{i.e.  at  first)  puritanical.'  'This,'  says  Vaughan,  'was  the 
place  where  he  was  first  appointed  by  his  friends  to  be  a 
merchant ;  but  he  chose  rather  to  be  a  factor  for  heaven 1. 
One  precious  soul  refined,  polished,  and  fitted  for  his  Master's 
use,  presented  by  him,  was  of  more  value  to  him  than  all 
other  purchases  whatsoever.'  When  he  went  out  into  the 
streets,  we  are  told,  he  usually  gave  what  money  he  had  to 
the  poor,  £  who,  at  length,  flocked  so  unto  him,  that  his  ser- 
vant took  care  that  he  had  not  too  much  in  his  pocket.'  To 
proceed  with  Vaughan's  account,  '  After  some  years  of  his 
continuance  in  this  town,  he  was  invited  back  again  to  the 
University  by  the  death  of  the  President  of  the  same  College, 
being  chosen  in  his  absence  at  so  great  a  distance,  so  un- 
expectedly, without  any  suit  or  petition  upon  his  part,  that 
he  knew  nothing  of  the  vacancy  of  the  place,  but  by  the  same 
letters  that  informed  him  that  it  was  conferred  upon  himself: 
a  preferment  of  so  good  account,  that  it  hath  been  much 
desired  and  eagerly  sought  after  by  many  eminent  men,  but 
never  before  went  so  far  to  be  accepted  of.  Upon  his  return 
to  Oxford,  and  admission  to  his  government,  they  found  no 
alteration  by  his  long  absence  and  more  converse  with  the 
world,  but  that  he  appeared  yet  more  humble  in  his  elder 
times.'  '  He  ruled  in  a  most  obliging  manner  the  fellows, 
scholars,  servants,  tenants,  nemo  ab  eo  tristis  discessit,  no  man 
departed  from  him  with  a  sad  heart,  excepting  in  this  par- 
ticular, that  by  some  misdemeanour  or  willing  error  they  had 
created  trouble  or  given  any  offence  unto  him.  He  used 
the  friends  as  well  as  the  memory  of  his  predecessors  fairly. 
He  was  prxsidens  pacificus,  a  lover  and  maker  of  peace. 
He  silenced  and  composed  all  differences,  displeasures,  and 

1  Thomas  Fuller  (Worthies  of  England,  1662),  from  whom  this  epigrammatic 
sentence  is  sometimes  quoted,  simply  follows  Vaughan,  whose  Life  of  Jackson 
first  appeared  in  1653,  being  prefixed  to  the  first  three  Books  of  the  Commentary 
on  the  Creed. 


1 88  JACKSON'S  CONDUCT  AS  PRESIDENT. 

animosities  by  a  prudent  impartiality,  and  the  example  of  his 
own  sweet  disposition.  All  men  taking  notice  that  nothing 
was  more  hateful  unto  him  than  hatred  itself,  nothing  more 
offensive  to  his  body  and  mind  ;  it  was  a  shame  and  cruelty 
(as  well  as  presumption)  to  afflict  his  peaceable  spirit.  It  is 
a  new  and  peculiar  art  of  discipline,  but  successfully  practised 
by  him,  that  those  under  his  authority  were  kept  within 
bounds  and  order,  not  so  much  out  of  fear  of  the  penalty, 
as  out  of  love  to  the  governor.  He  took  notice  of  that  which 
was  good  in  the  worst  men,  and  made  that  an  occasion  to 
commend  them  for  the  good's  sake  ;  and  living  himself  tan- 
guam  nemini  ignosceret,  as  if  he  were  so  severe  that  he  could 
forgive  no  man,  yet  he  reserved  large  pardons  for  the  imper- 
fections of  others.'  '  I  can  truly  avouch  this  testimony  con- 
cerning him,  that,  living  in  the  same  college  with  him  more 
than  twenty  years  (partly  when  he  was  Fellow,  and  partly 
when  he  returned  President),  I  never  heard,  to  my  best  re- 
membrance, one  word  of  anger  or  dislike  against  him.'  Fuller 
(Worthies  of  England)  sums  up  Jackson's  work  as  President 
in  the  following  pithy  and  alliterative  sentence :  '  Here  he 
lived  piously,  ruled  peaceably,  wrote  profoundly,  preached 
painfully.' 

Still  speaking  of  his  conduct  in  the  Presidency,  Vaughan 
continues  :  '  His  devotions  towards  God  were  assiduous  and 
exemplary,  both  in  public  and  private.  He  was  a  diligent 
frequenter  of  the  public  service  in  the  chapel  very  early  in 
the  morning,  and  at  evening,  except  some  urgent  occasions 
of  infirmity  did  excuse  him.  His  private  conferences  with 
God  by  prayer  and  meditation  were  never  omitted  upon  any 
occasion  whatsoever.  When  he  went  the  yearly  progress  to 
view  the  college-lands,  and  came  into  the  tenant's  house, 
it  was  his  constant  custom  (before  any  other  business,  dis- 
course, or  care  of  himself,  were  he  never  so  wet  or  weary) 
to  call  for  a  retiring  room  to  pour  out  his  soul  unto  God,  who 
led  him  safely  in  his  journey.  And  this  he  did  not  out  of 
any  specious  pretence  of  holiness,  to  devour  a  widow's  house 
with  more  facility,  rack  their  rents,  or  enhance  their  fines. 
For,  excepting  the  constant  revenue  to  the  founder  (to  whom 


HIS  REPUTED  ARMINIAN1SM.  189 

he  was  a  strict  accomptant),  no  man  ever  did  more  for  them 
or  less  for  himself.' 

Jackson  was  sworn  as  President,  Feb.  17,  163^.  The  entry 
in  Fulman  runs  :  '  Mortuo  Holto,  eligitur  absens,  nee  quidquam 
minus  cogitans,  Thomas  Jackson.'  Wood  says  that  he  was 
'  elected  partly  with  the  helps  of  Neile,  Bishop  of  Durham ' 
(now  of  Winchester),  'but  more  by  the  endeavours  of  Dr 
Laud.'  As  a  matter  of  fact,  he  was  recommended  by  the  King, 
to  whom  he  was  already  Chaplain  (see  Calendar  of  State  Papers, 
Domestic,  sub  Jan.  12, 163^),  though  very  likely  at  the  instance 
of  Laud.  It  was  probably  due  to  the  same  influence  that  he 
was  made  Vicar  of  Witney  (to  which  office  he  was  instituted 
in  1632,  on  the  King's  presentation  during  the  vacancy  of 
the  see  of  Winchester,  and  which  he  resigned  in  1637),  Pre- 
bendary of  Winchester  (in  1635)  and  Dean  of  Peterborough 
(Oct.  29,  1638).  The  Headship,  Deanery,  and  Canonry l 
he  held  together  till  his  death ;  the  important  living  of 
Newcastle  he  resigned,  shortly  after  his  election  at  Corpus  2. 

There  is  no  doubt  that,  during  the  latter  part  of  his  life, 
Jackson  was  closely  identified  with  Laud,  Neile,  and,  generally, 
with  the  Arminian  party  in  the  Church.  In  the  Epistle 
Dedicatory  to  Lord  Pembroke  (1627),  prefixed  to  the  Sixth 
Book  of  the  Comments  on  the  Creed  3,  he  all  but  accepts 
the  imputation  of  Arminianism  (that  is,  anti-calvinism),  though 
he  appears  to  think  that  the  rival  doctrines  admit  of  recon- 
ciliation. As  a  consequence  of  this  attitude,  he  was  violently 
attacked  by  the  Puritan  writers,  such  as  Prynne  and  Burton, 
and  appears  to  have  attracted  the  attention  of  Parliament 
and  Convocation.  In  his  Anti-Arminianism  (ed.  of  1630, 
p.  270),  Prynne,  who  may  be  taken  as  a  sufficient  representa- 
tive of  his  party,  says,  speaking  of  Jackson :  '  The  last  of 
these,  a  man  otherwise  of  good  abilities,  and  of  a  plausible, 

1  But,  according  to  Vaughan,  he  was  very  anxious  to  resign  the  Canonry,  and 
only  prevented  by  the  Bishop  refusing  to  accept  his  resignation. 

2  See  Calendar  of  State  Papers,  Domestic,  Nov.  28,  1631.     Bp.  Howson  of 
Durham  to  Bp.  Laud.     Received,  Nov.  14,  letters  from  His  Majesty  requiring 
him  to  give  restitution  to  Mr.  Alvey  into  Dr.  Jackson's  Vicarage  at  Newcastle, 
which  was  done  before  those  letters  came. 

3  Works,  vol.  v.  pp.  4,  5. 


190       JACKSON  ATTACKED  BY  THE  PURITANS. 

affable,  courteous  deportment  till  of  late  ;  being  transported 
beyond  himselfe  with  metaphysicall  contemplations,  to  his 
owne  infamy,  and  his  renowned  Mother's  shame  (I  meane 
the  famous  University  of  Oxford,  who  grieves  for  his  defec- 
tion, from  whose  duggs  he  never  suckt  his  poisonous  doc- 
trines), as  his  evidence  is  intricate  and  obscure  beyond  the 
reach  or  discovery  of  ordinary  capacities,  so  it  hath  bin 
blanched  and  blasted  by  a  Parliamentary  Examination,  ex- 
cepted  against  by  the  Convocation  House,  answered  by  some, 
disavowed  by  most  of  our  Divines.'  The  Parliamentary 
Examination  must  have  been  before  the  '  Committee  of 
Religion,'  of  whose  proceedings  we  have  no  account,  though 
the  result  of  them  is  contained  in  a  report,  which  is  entered 
in  the  Journal  of  the  House  of  Commons  (vol.  I.  p.  924).  It 
runs  thus  :  Jan.  29,  i62-|.  Mr  Prynne  reporteth  to  the  House 
a  Frame  of  a  Declaration  agreed  upon  by  the  Committee 
of  Religion;  and  followeth  in  these  words.  'That  we,  the 
Commons,  assembled  in  Parliament,  do  claim,  profess,  and 
avow,  for  Truth,  that  sense  of  the  Articles  of  Religion,  which 
were  established  in  Parliament,  in  the  1 3th  year  of  the  Reign 
of  Queen  Elisabeth,  which,  by  the  public  acts  of  the  Church 
of  England,  and  by  the  general  and  current  expositions  of 
the  writers  of  our  Church,  hath  been  delivered  unto  us ;  and 
we  reject  the  sense  of  the  Jesuits,  Arminians,  and  of  all  other, 
wherein  they  differ  from  us.'  This,  upon  Question,  agreed. 
It  is  probably  to  these  transactions  that  Barnabas  Oley  refers 
in  the  Life  of  George  Herbert,  prefixed  to  his  Remains  which 
were  published  in  1652,  where  he  relates  that  Dr.  Jackson 
'  had  like  to  have  been  sore  shent  by  the  Parliament  in  the 
year  1628  for  Tenets  in  Divinity,  I  cannot  say  so  far  driven 
by  him  as  by  some  men  now  they  are  with  great  applause. 
His  approach  to  Unity  was  very  near,'  &c.  Of  any  excep- 
tions taken  to  Jackson's  doctrines  in  Convocation,  there  is, 
so  far  as  I  am  aware,  now  no  record.  Cardwell's  Synodalia 
does  not  contain  any  account  of  proceedings  in  Convocation 
at  this  period,  and  I  am  not  acquainted  with  any  other  men- 
tion of  any  action  or  discussion  on  Jackson's  works  except 
this  allusion  to  them  by  Prynne. 


REVIVAL  OF  INTEREST  IN  HIS   WORKS.         191 

That  Jackson's  views  had  ceased,  In  later  life,  to  be  Cal- 
vinistic  and  had  become  what  were  then  called  Arminian, 
has  already  been  stated.  On  Church  authority,  the  nature 
and  efficacy  of  the  Sacraments,  and  kindred  questions,  he 
was  in  accord  with  the  school  of  Laud.  Hence  the  revived 
interest  in  his  works  amongst  the  divines  of  what  is  com- 
monly called  the  High  Church  Party  in  the  middle  of  the 
present  century l.  They  were  re-published,  at  Oxford,  by  the 
Delegates  of  the  Clarendon  Press  in  1844,  in  13  vols.  octavo, 
the  previous  edition  of  the  entire  works  having  been  published 
in  London,  in  1673,  under  the  superintendence  of  Barnabas 
Oley.  There  are  several  sermons  and  smaller  treatises,  but 
far  the  most  important  of  his  works  is  the  Commentary  on 
the  Creed  in  twelve  Books,  the  first  two  of  which  were  printed 
in  1613,  and  the  rest  at  various  times  during  his  life  and  after 
his  death. 

During  the  latter  part  of  his  life,  Jackson,  according  to  his 
biographer,  '  seemed  to  be  very  prophetical  of  the  ensuing 
times  of  trouble,'  and,  '  as  he  was  always  a  reconciler  of  dif- 
ferences in  his  private  government,  so  he  seriously  lamented 
the  public  breaches  of  the  kingdom.'  '  At  the  first  entrance 
of  the  Scots  into  England,  he  had  much  compassion  for  his 
countrymen,  although  that  were  but  the  beginning  of  their 
sorrows.'  '  One  drop  of  Christian  blood  (though  never  so 
cheaply  spilt  by  others,  like  water  upon  the  ground)  was 
a  deep  corrosive  to  his  tender  heart.'  '  His  body  grew  weak, 
the  cheerful  hue  of  his  countenance  was  impaled  and  dis- 
coloured, and  he  walked  like  a  dying  mourner  in  the  streets. 

1  This,  however,  was  not  the  first  revival  of  interest  in  Jackson's  Works. 
William  Jones  of  Nayland,  in  his  Life  of  Bp.  Home  (1799),  speaks  of  Dr.  Jackson 
as  '  a  magazine  of  theological  knowledge,  everywhere  penned  with  great  elegance 
and  dignity,  so  that  his  style  is  a  pattern  of  perfection.  His  writings,  once 
thought  inestimable  by  every-body  but  the  Calvinists,  had  been  greatly  neglected, 
and  would  probably  have  continued  so,  but  for  the  praises  bestowed  upon  them  by 
the  celebrated  Mr  Merrick  of  Trinity  College,  Oxford  <fl.  1765),  who  brought 
them  once  more  into  repute  with  many  learned  readers.  The  early  extracts  of 
Mr  Home,  which  are  now  remaining,  shew  how  much  information  he  derived  from 
this  excellent  writer,  who  deserves  to  be  numbered  with  the  English  fathers  of  the 
church.'  I  have  borrowed  this  quotation  from  Bliss'  ed.  of  Wood's  Athens 
Oxonienses. 


192       JACKSON'S  ILLNESS,  DEATH,  AND   WILL. 

But  God  took  him  from  the  evil  to  come ;  it  was  a  sufficient 
degree  of  punishment  for  him  to  foresee  it ;  it  had  been  more 
than  a  thousand  deaths  unto  him  to  have  beheld  it  with  his 
eyes.'  Vaughan,  with  many  others,  was  in  his  chamber  when 
he  died,  and  describes  his  pious  ejaculations,  couched  in  the 
ever  appropriate  language  of  the  Psalmist.  He  died  in  Col- 
lege, Sept.  31,  1640,  and  was  buried  in  the  inner  chapel,  but, 
as  Wood  says,  '  hath  no  memory  at  all  over  his  grave.' 

Jackson's  Will,  and  the  inventory  of  his  effects,  obtained 
from  the  Archives  of  the  University,  are  printed  in  the  intro- 
ductory matter  to  the  Clarendon  Press  edition  of  his  Works. 
They  are  both  of  them  interesting  documents,  as  shewing 
how  little  he  thought  of  this  world's  goods,  and  how  much  in 
his  mind  were  his  College  and  his  friends.  He  bequeaths  to 
the  College  fifteen  or  sixteen  volumes  of  books,  some  of  which 
are  still  in  the  College  Library,  together  with  a  little  gold 
box,  still  in  the  custody  of  the  President,  '  wherein  I  have 
usuallie  kept  the  Founder's  ring'  (or,  more  strictly  rings,  as 
there  are  two,  the  episcopal  ring,  in  which  a  sapphire  is  set, 
and  the  signet  ring  on  which  a  pelican,  in  its  piety,  is  en- 
graved)1. Christopher  Downes  was  appointed  sole  executor, 
and  Dr.  Sheldon,  Warden  of  All  Souls  (subsequently  Arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury),  and  Robert  Newlyn,  his  successor  in 
the  Presidency,  the  former  described  as  his  '  deare  and  loving 
brother,'  the  latter  as  his  '  loving  friend,'  the  overseers,  of  his 
Will.  To  the  overseers  was  commended  '  the  care  and  cus- 
tody of  all  my  papers  and  manuscripts,  to  be  perused  and 
published  as  they  thinke  fitt/  These  papers  and  manuscripts, 

1  The  same  box  now  contains  a  third  ring,  of  later  and  inferior  workmanship, 
on  which  is  engraved  a  waxing  moon,  with  the  motto  '  Non  sistor  latratu.'  There 
used  to  be  in  the  College  a  tradition  that  this  device  was  adopted  by  the  Founder 
as  a  defiance  of  Wolsey,  but  there  is  no  evidence,  or,  as  it  seems  to  me,  much 
probability,  that  it  was  the  Founder's  ring,  and,  moreover,  as  we  have  seen,  friendly 
relations,  at  least  in  appearance  and  probably  in  reality,  subsisted  between  the 
Founder  and  Wolsey,  to  the  end  of  Foxe's  life.  In  Claymond's  Will,  after  be- 
queathing the  sapphire  ring  to  Morwent  and  his  successors,  he  adds :  '  privatim 
autem  magistro  Morwent  annulum  meum  obsignatorium.'  Can  this  be  the  ring 
with  the  device  of  the  waxing  moon  ?  Or,  possibly,  it  might  be  the  ring  with 
the  pelican.  But,  even  in  that  case,  the  latter  may  have  originally  belonged  to 
the  Founder.  Any  way,  in  Jan  Rave's  portrait  in  the  Hall,  Bp.  Foxe  appears 
to  be  wearing  this  ring  together  with  the  sapphire  ring. 


ADMISSIONS  DURING  HIS  PRESIDENCY.          193 

Vaughan  tells  us,  the  '  Bishop  of  Armagh,'  that  is  Archbishop 
Usher,  'being  at  his  funerals,  much  desired  might  be  care- 
fully preserved.'  The  total  amount  of  property,  included 
in  the  Inventory,  is  valued  at  .£270  iSs.  od.,  of  which,  how- 
ever, £69  8s.  qd.  is  set  down  as  '  desperate  debts.'  The  value 
of  the  books  amounts  to  .£109  us.  od.,  of  the  'little  gold 
boxe '  to  £2  los.  od.,  so  that  the  personal  property,  exclusive 
of  books,  and  deducting  the  bad  debts,  was,  even  for  those 
times  and  at  the  then  value  of  money,  remarkably  small. 
He  may,  however,  have  devised  real  estate  in  a  separate 
document. 

As  the  stormy  Presidency  of  Cole  was  followed  by  the 
quiet  times  of  Reynolds  and  Spenser,  so  the  still  more  stormy 
period  of  Anyan's  Presidency  was  followed,  after  the  brief 
interval  of  Holt's,  by  the  profound  peace  of  Jackson's  rule. 
There  is  no  trace,  in  the  College  Records,  of  any  Visitation, 
or  Appeal,  nor  indeed  is  there  any  College  event  to  record, 
an  indication,  probably,  that  the  time  of  the  Society  was 
devoted  to  study  and  the  offices  of  religion. 

Of  the  more  eminent  men  admitted  during  Jackson's 
Presidency  may  be  mentioned  James  Hyde,  Regius  Professor 
of  Medicine  and  Principal  of  Magdalen  Hall,  admitted  Scholar 
in  1632 ;  Robert  Carey,  Archdeacon  of  Exeter,  author  of 
a  chronological  work,  entitled  Palaeologia  chronica,  admitted 
Scholar,  1634 ;  Samuel  Crumlum  or  Crumblehome,  High 
Master  of  St.  Paul's,  matriculated  (but  in  what  capacity  we 
do  not  know)  in  1635 ;  Robert  Frampton,  matriculated  in 
1637,  in  the  capacity,  according  to  Wood,  of  a  chorister,  for 
a  long  time  chaplain  at  Aleppo,  afterwards  successively  Dean 
and  Bishop  of  Gloucester,  in  which  office,  after  refusing  to 
take  the  oaths  to  William  and  Mary,  he  was  succeeded 
by  another  Corpus  man,  Dr.  Edward  Fowler ;  and  John 
Lenthall,  matriculated  as  a  commoner  or  what  was  sub- 
sequently called  a  'Gentleman  Commoner'  on  Sept.  12, 
1640,  the  only  or  only  surviving  son  of  the  Speaker  of  the 
Long  Parliament,  subsequently  knighted  both  by  Cromwell 


J94        FIRST  PRESIDENCY  OF  ROBERT  NEWLYN. 

and  Charles  II,  of  whom  Antony  Wood  says,  with  the 
characteristic  bitterness  of  a  political  partisan,  that  he  was 
'  the  grand  braggadocio  and  Iyer  of  the  age  he  lived  in  V  It 
may  be  noticed  that,  during  Jackson's  Presidency,  the  number 
of  admissions  of  gentlemen  commoners  was  abnormally  large, 
including  many  young  men  of  rank.  Among  the  entries  in  the 
University  Matriculation  Book,  under  the  head  of  Corpus,  are  : 
Oct.  10. 1634.  '  Georgius  Chandois.  Oxon.  fil.  Nobilissimi 

Domini  Gray  Chandois  de  Castro  Shudley  (Sude- 

ley)  Baronis  in  com.  Glocestr:  ipse  jam  Baro  (6th 

Baron)  ejusdem  loci.  14.' 
Mar.  16.  i638<9>.     '  Gul.  Bridges.  Gloc.  fil.  2U8  de  Gray 

Bridges  Baronis  de  Sudley  in  com.  prd.  17.' 


On  the  death  of  Jackson,  Robert  Newlin,  Newlyn,  Newling, 
Neulin,  or  Nulin,  was  elected  President,  and  was  sworn  Oc- 
tober 9,  1640.  He  was  born  at  Priors-deane,  Hampshire2, 

1  Wood's  Athense  Oxonienses,  sub  William  Lenthall.    The  entry  in  the  University 
Matriculation  Book  is  '  1640.  Sept.  12.  Johes  Lenthall  Oxon  fil  Johis  Lenthall  de 
Burford  Arm.  15.'     The  Speaker  then  had  a  house  at  Burford,  his  son  John  was 
born  in  i62|,  a  date  which  would  well  correspond  with  the  date  of  his  matricula- 
tion, and  Mr.  E.  K.  Lenthall  of  Bessels  Leigh,  who  has  obligingly  examined  into  the 
matter,  informs  me  that  he  has  no  doubt  that  this  is  the  son  of  the  Speaker 
mentioned  by  A.  Wood,  and  that  Johis  in  the  matriculation  book  is  a  mistake  for 
Gulielmi,  the  Christian  name  of  the  Speaker. 

A  previous  Lenthall,  'Joh.  Leynthall  e  C.  C.  C.  Generos.  1603,'  appears  in 
the  Alphabetical  List,  given  at  the  end  of  Vol.  XI  of  the  Fulman  MSS.,  and,  if 
not  identical  (which  I  think  possible)  with  the  '  Joh.  Leynthall  Oxon.  Arm.  fil.  15,' 
who  matriculated  at  St.  John's  on  Dec.  4,  1601  (see  A.  Clark's  Register  of 
Matriculations)  and  may  have  migrated  to  Corpus,  was  probably  a  cousin  of  the 
Speaker.  The  St.  John's  Lenthall,  Mr.  E.  K.  Lenthall  believes  to  have  been  the 
Speaker's  elder  brother. 

2  Wood's  Diary  (Life  and  Times,  ed.  Clark,  vol.  iii.  p.  258)  supplies  some 
additional  information  about  Newlyn.     The  place  of  his  birth,  we  are  told,  was 
Goldley  or  Goldleigh  in  the  parish  of  Prior's  Deane,  and  his  father's  name  was 
Richard.   '  He  took  to  wife,  about  an  yeare  before  his  majesty  Charles  II's  restaura- 
tion,  Jane  the  daughter  of  Dr  Daniel  Collins  prebendarie  of  Windsor,  widow  of 
William  Dring,  a  clergie  man ;  but  had  no  issue  by  her.     The  said  Dring  left  her 
a  joynture  of  £40  per  annum,  which  was  all  that  maintained  them,  till  the  said 
Dr  Newlin  was   restored   to   his   Presidentship.'     There   is  no  mention  of  any 
former  wife,  and,  any  way,  I  was  in  error  in  assuming,  in  my  article  on  C.  C.  C.  in 
the  '  Colleges  of  Oxford,'  that  some  of  the  numerous  Newlyns,  who  enjoyed  the 
endowments  of  Corpus,   were  sons  or   grandsons  of  the  President.     From  Mr. 


HIS  CHARACTER  AND  PREVIOUS  CAREER,        195 

about  the  end  of  December,  1597.  He  was  admitted  to  his 
Scholarship,  aged  nearly  seventeen,  on  Nov.  7,  1614,  and  was 
matriculated  in  the  University,  the  College  at  that  time  not 
being  specified,  on  the  following  9th  of  December.  Previously 
to  his  election  at  Corpus,  he  had  probably  been  a  chorister  at 
Magdalen,  one  '  Newling '  being  mentioned  by  Dr.  Bloxam, 
in  his  Register  of  Magdalen,  as  a  chorister  from  1 609  to  1614. 
Fulman,  moreover,  in  his  brief  memoranda  of  Newlyn,  has 
'  Magd.  ColL'  without  any  date.  On  July  15,  1622,  he  was 
admitted  Probationer.  He  took  his  M.A.  Degree  in  1620, 
his  B.D.  in  1628,  and  his  D.D.  in  1641,  after  his  election  to 
the  Presidency.  Though  Jackson  speaks  of  him  as  his  'loving 
friend/  he  does  not  seem  to  have  been  a  man  remarkable  in 
any  way1.  After  his  restoration  in  1660,  he  developed,  to  an 
inordinate  degree,  the  quality  of  nepotism,  and  was  frequently 
embroiled  in  quarrels  with  the  Fellows.  But,  during  the 
period  of  his  Presidency  preceding  his  expulsion,  he  appears 
to  have  led  a  quiet  life,  and  there  are  no  signs,  at  least  in  the 
College  records  2,  of  any  disturbances  in  the  College  till  the 
advent  of  the  Parliamentary  Visitors  in  1648.  Amongst  the 
persons  expelled  by  the  Visitors,  however,  on  Oct.  2,  1648, 
was  one  'Mr.  Newlyn,  Steward  (i.e.  Clerk  of  Accompt), 

Foster's  invaluable  work  Alumni  Oxonienses,  Early  Series,  it  seems  that  all  those 
who  were  appointed  to  Clerkships  or  Choristerships  or  elected  to  Scholarships 
during  Newlyn's  Presidency  were  sons  of  either  Robert  Newlyn  of  Oxford,  Steward 
of  the  College,  or  Thomas  Newlyn,  '  Minister '  of  Bix,  both  of  whom,  as  appears 
from  the  President's  will,  preserved  in  the  University  Archives,  were  his  nephews. 

1  Wood,  however  (Annals,  sub  1633).  speaking  of  the  controversy  then  going 
on  in  Oxford  between  the  Calvinists  and  Arminians,  says  :   '  I  have  heard  that 
some  young  Divines,  at  this  time  students  in  Oxford,  had  their  meetings  once  in  a 
fortnight,  wherein  were  handled  controversies  relating  to  Arminianism,  not  for, 
but  chiefly  against  it ;    one    of  which   was  lately  Archbishop   of  Canterbury ' 
{namely,  Gilbert  Sheldon),  '  and  others  whose  minds  changed  became  Bishops 
and  Deans ;  and  the  person  at  whose  chambers  they  usually  met '  (Robert  Newlin) 
'  had  the  honor  to  be  called  Boger-mannus,  at  this  time  President  of  Corp.  Ch.  Coll.' 

2  In  an  Appendix,  however,  to  the  Life  and  Death  of  Edmund  Staunton,  D.D., 
by  Richard  Mayow  (p.  69),  there  is  a  statement  that  '  the  House,  before  his '  (Staun- 
ton's)  '  time,  had  been  much  troubled  with  divisions.'     It  is  difficult,  however,  to 
know  what  value  to  attach  to  such  a  statement  coming  from  a  theological  partisan, 
and  there  are  no  documentary  or  independent  confirmations  of  this  charge.     From 
the  beginning  of  the  Civil  War,  there  would,  of  course,  be  political  divisions 
in  the  Society,   but  I   am   here   alluding,   not  to  theological   or  political,  but 
domestic  broils. 

O  2 


196  NEWLYN'S  SUBSEQUENT  NEPOTISM. 

for  Non-appearance.'  The  name  suggests  a  relative  of  the 
President,  and  may,  therefore,  be  regarded  as  a  presage  of  the 
gross  nepotism  which  marked  the  second  period  of  his  Presi- 
dency. Indeed  it  was  that  of  a  nephew,  whose  four  sons,  like 
the  four  sons  of  his  brother  Thomas,  were  afterwards  provided 
for  out  of  the  endowments  of  Corpus.  The  only  College  docu- 
ment, excepting  the  records  of  punishments,  relating  to  this 
period  of  Newlyn's  Presidency  is  an  Order  of  the  Seniority, 
dated  January  4,  164!,  'That  no  man  after  this  Quarter  shall 
receive  bread,  beer,  or  any  other  provision  out  of  the  College 
Buttery,  unless  he  put  in  caution  to  the  Butler.'  But  the  Order 
is  only  temporary,  while  'the  debts  to  the  Brewers  and  Bakers 
for  this  present  Quarter  remain  unsatisfied,'  and  till  certain 
other  dues  are  discharged.  The  first  Register  of  Punishments 
begins  with  the  year  1641,  the  previous  ones  having  been 
lost.  It  has  already  been  stated  that  the  culprit  was  obliged 
to  write  a  record  of  his  punishment  in  his  own  hand,  which 
was  preserved  in  a  register  and  delivered  over  at  the  end  of 
every  term  by  the  Deans  to  the  Bursars ;  the  punishments 
recorded  being  chiefly  deprivations  of  commons,  involving 
a  money  payment  or  subtraction  of  stipend  at  the  end  of 
term.  Extracts  from  these  registers  will  be  given  in  an 
Appendix. 

There  were  only  two  persons  admitted l  between  Newlyn's 
entering  on  the  Presidency  and  his  ejection  by  the  Parlia- 
mentary Visitors,  who  need  be  mentioned :  John  Betts,  an 
eminent  physician,  admitted  Scholar  164! ;  and  William 
Fulman,  the  last  scholar  he  admitted  during  the  first  period 
of  his  Presidency,  Jan.  28,  164^.  With  Fulman  were  admitted 
eleven  others.  It  would  be  ungrateful  to  pass  over,  with  a  mere 
allusion,  one  to  whom  this  book  is  so  much  indebted,  and  who 
laboured  so  assiduously  in  the  cause  of  the  archives  and 
antiquities  of  the  College.  William  Fulman  was  born  at 
Penshurst  in  Kent,  in  November,  1632,  and  was,  according 

1  On  Nov.  4,  1642  (on  occasion  of  the  admission  of  Thomas  Drury  to  be 
Scholar),  the  date  of  birth  is,  for  the  last  time,  given  approximately  on  some 
Church  Festival.  For  some  years  before  this  time,  the  practice  had  been  dropping 
out,  but,  in  the  earlier  years  of  the  Register,  it  was  almost  universal. 


WILLIAM  FULMAN.  197 

to  Wood,  the  son  of  a  '  sufficient  carpenter '  of  that  place. 
'  Being  a  youth  of  pregnant  parts  while  the  most  learned 
Dr  Hammond  was  parson  there,  he  took  him  into  his 
protection,  carried  him  with  him  to  Oxon  in  the  time  of 
the  troubles,  procured  him  a  chorister's  place  in  Magd.  Coll. 
and  caused  him  to  be  carefully  educated  in  grammar  learning 
in  the  school  joyning  to  that  house,  under  the  tuition  of 
Mr  William  White  the  vigilant  master  thereof.  And  being 
there  well  grounded  in  school  learning,  that  worthy  doctor 
put  him  upon  standing  for  a  scholar's  place  in  Corp.  Ch. 
Coll.  where,  shewing  himself  an  exact  proficient  in  classical 
learning,  was  forthwith  elected  in  164^;  and  put  under  the 
tuition  of  an  excellent  tutor  but  zealous  puritan,  named 
Zach.  Bogan.'  On  July  23  following,  he  was  expelled.  The 
circumstances  of  his  expulsion  I  shall  give  in  detail  on 
a  later  page.  In  1660  he  was  restored.  Meanwhile,  he 
acted,  first,  as  amanuensis  to  Dr.  Hammond,  in  which  capacity 
he  may  have  acquired  the  beautiful,  clear,  and  perfectly  legible 
hand,  which  it  is  such  a  pleasure  to  read,  and.  next,  as  '  tutor 
to  the  son  and  heir  of  the  ancient  and  genteel  family  of  Peto 
of  Chesterton  in  Warwickshire,  where  he  found  a  comfortable 
harbour  during  the  time  of  the  Church  of  England's  discon- 
solate condition.'  After  his  return  to  College,  he  '  continued 
several  years  a  severe  student  in  various  sorts  of  learning/ 
In  1669,  he  was  presented  to  the  College  Living  of  Meysey 
Hampton,  Gloucestershire,  succeeding  Richard  Samwaies, 
who  himself  had  succeeded  Henry  Jackson.  There  he  died 
June  28,  1688,  and  was  buried  in  the  church-yard.  Wood 
says  of  him  that '  he  was  a  most  zealous  son  of  the  Church  of 
England,  and  a  grand  enemy  to  popery  and  fanaticism.  He 
was  a  most  excellent  theologist,  admirably  well  versed  in 
ecclesiastical  and  profane  history  and  chronology,  and  had 
a  great  insight  in  English  history  and  antiquities  ;  but,  being 
totally  averse  from  making  himself  known,  his  great  learning 
did  in  a  manner  dye  with  him.'  He  had,  however,  a  repu- 
tation for  a  bad  temper,  and  '  had  not  in  him  a  complaisant 
humour,  unless  soothed  up,  flattered,  and  admired.'  These 
drawbacks,  together  with  his  retiring  disposition  and  want  of 


198  FULMAN'S  COLLECTIONS. 

self-assertion,  stood  in  the  way  of  his  obtaining  the  preferment 
which  he  had  merited  both  by  his  learning  and  his  sufferings 
for  the  royal  cause.  '  He  wrote  much,  and  was  a  great 
collector,  but  published  little.' 

Fulman  was,  indeed,  a  great  collector.     There  are  no  less 
than  twenty-five  volumes  of  his  Collectanea  in  the  Corpus 
Library,  three  of  which  relate  to  the  history  of  the  College 
and  its  members  ;  and  the  rest  to  a  great  variety  of  subjects, 
including  theology,  history,  both  secular  and  ecclesiastical, 
antiquities,  biography,  and  academical  lore.     Antony  Wood, 
who,  it  may  be  remarked,  seems  to  have  been  a  great  friend 
of  Fulman,  complains  that  he  was  not  allowed  to  consult  these 
volumes.     Fulman,  he  says,  left '  behind  him  a  great  heap  of 
collections,  neatly  written  with  his  own  hand,  but  nothing  of 
them    perfect.      All    which    being    afterwards   conveyed    to 
C.C.coll.  to  be,  according  to  his  desire,  put  into  the  archives 
of  the  library  of  that  house,  what  had  it  been  for  those  that 
had  the  care,  to  have  permitted  the  author  of  this  work  the 
perusal  of  them,  when  they  could  not  otherwise  but  know 
that  they  would  have  been  serviceable  to   him  in  the  pro- 
motion  of  this   work,   then    almost   ready   for  the   press  ? ' 
Besides  these  large  literary  collections,  Fulman  also  arranged 
and  catalogued  the  various  'muniments,1  i.e.  title-deeds  or 
'  evidences '  relating  to  the  College  property,  which  are  now 
in  the  Tower,  together  with  the  ancient  documents  bearing 
on  the  origin  or  early  history  of  the  College,  which  are  now 
in  the  iron  safe,  and  superintended  the  transcription  of  these 
numerous    papers    in    the    thirty    large    folio    Volumes    of 
Evidences  which  are   now   in  the  College  Library,  making 
marginal  annotations  and  references  in  his  own  hand-writing. 
Besides    these   prodigious    labours,   there    are   a   few    other 
MSS.    of   Fulman    in  the    Rawlinsonian   Collection   in   the 
Bodleian    Library;    and   he    also    published    certain    works, 
namely  the  Academiae  Oxoniensis  Notitia,  the  first  Volume 
of  Rerum   Anglicarum   scriptorum    veterum,   an    edition   of 
Hammond's  Works  in  4  vols.,  and  an  Appendix  to  the  Life 
of   Edmund    Staunton,    D.D.,   'wherein    some   passages   are 
further  cleared,  which   were  not  so  fully  held  forth  by  the 


HIS  PRODIGIOUS  INDUSTRY.  199 

former  authors,'  a  smart  but  bitter  answer  to  Mayow's  partial 
biography.  Moreover,  he  collected  and  prepared  for  publi- 
cation the  so-called  works  of  Charles  the  First,  the  credit 
of  which  edition,  however,  fell  to  Dr.  Richard  Perrinchiefe, 
who,  Fulman  being  then  laid  up  with  small-pox,  had  written 
the  Life  prefixed 1 ;  and  lastly  he  contributed  largely  to  the 
greater  accuracy  and  completeness  of  Burnet's  History  of 
the  Reformation.  The  studious  and  laborious  life  of  many 
of  the  College  Fellows  and  country  Clergymen  of  that  time, 
though  it  was  by  no  means  the  universal  or  even  general 
mode  of  life  in  either  class,  could  find  few  better  illustra- 
tions than  in  Fulman. 

1  There  is  a  copy  of  this  work  in  the  C.  C.  C.  Library,  with  this  inscription, 
in  Fulman's  own  beautiful  hand-writing  : 

Liber  Coll.  Corp.  Christ.  Oxon. 

Ex  dono  Guilhelmi  Fulman  A  M  ejusd.  Coll  Socii  qui  Sacrosanctas  hasce  Patrice 
Patris  Reliquias  jam  denuo  collegit,  digessit  et  absolutissimse  huic  earundem 
editioni  summa  diligentia  solus  prsefuit.  Jan  xxx.,  MDCLXII. 


CHAPTER    VII. 

THE  PARLIAMENTARY  VISITATION  AND  THE 
PERIOD  OF  THE  COMMONWEALTH. 

THE  actual  commencement  of  the  Civil  War  is  usually 
dated  from  the  raising  of  the  Royal  Standard  at  Nottingham 
on  August  25,  1642.  On  Jan.  10,  164!,  we  read  in  Wood's 
Annals,  '  The  King's  letters  came  to  all  Colleges  and  Halls 
for  their  plate  to  be  brought  to  the  Mint,  and  turned  into 
money.  Whereupon  all  sent,  except  New  Inn,  and  soon  after 
most  house-keepers  and  private  persons.'  Corpus,  therefore, 
must  have  been  one  of  the  Colleges  which  surrendered  its 
plate.  But  in  the  document  entitled  '  Abstract  of  the  Plate 
presented  to  the  King's  Majesty  by  the  several  Colleges  of 
Oxford  and  the  gentry  of  the  County,  the  2oth  of  January, 
1642,'  which  is  preserved  in  the  Tanner  MSS.,  vol.  338.  p.  101 
(fol.  65),  and  printed  in  Gutch's  Collectanea  Curiosa,  vol.  I. 
p.  227,  there  is  no  entry  with  regard  to  Corpus.  Twelve 
Colleges  only  are  named,  Christ  Church,  Jesus,  Oriel,  Queen's, 
Lincoln,  University,  Brasenose,  Magdalen,  All  Souls,  Balliol, 
Merton,  and  Trinity.  The  rest  were  possibly  less  forward, 
though  they  must  ultimately  have  followed  the  example  of  the 
others.  And  Corpus,  according  to  Mr.  Clark  (Wood's  Life  and 
Times,  vol.  I.  p.  94,  note),  sent  in  their  plate  shortly  after  the 
list  was  made,  although  the  exact  quantity  nowhere  appears. 
How  the  College  contrived  to  retain  its  splendid  pre-Reform- 
ation  and  Elizabethan  plate  is  a  question  often  asked,  which 
cannot  be  definitely  answered.  Certain  mythical  stories  are 
told,  as  of  the  discovery  in  a  cellar  or  drain  of  the  skeleton  of 
a  butler  grasping  the  plate,  but  the  probability  is  that  it  was 
redeemed  by  a  money-payment,  which,  as  the  King  wanted 


THE  PARLIAMENTARY  VISITATION.  2Or 

bullion  and  not  artistically  wrought  metal,  would  be  attended 
with  no  difficulty. 

The  first  siege  of  Oxford  began  May  22,  1645,  and  ended 
June  5.  Fairfax  appeared  before  the  City  again  on  May  i, 
1646,  and  on  June  24  it  was  surrendered  to  the  Parliament, 
it  being  stipulated  that  the  University,  Colleges,  and  Halls 
should  '  enjoy  their  ancient  form  of  Government,  subordinate 
to  the  immediate  authority  and  power  of  Parliament/  and 
that  all  the  public  buildings,  whether  belonging  to  the  City,  the 
University,  or  the  Colleges  and  Halls,  should.'  be  preserved  from 
defacing  or  spoil.'  During  this  critical  period  in  the  history  of 
the  University  and  City  we  hear  nothing  specially  of  Corpus. 

One  of  the  provisos  contained  in  the  Treaty  was  to  the 
effect  that  'this/  namely  a  certain  grace  as  to  time  allowed 
to  any  one  who  might  be  removed  from  his  place  or  office 
by  Parliament,  'shall  not  extend  to  retard  any  reformation 
there  intended  by  the  Parliament  nor  give  them  any  liberty 
to  inter-meddle  in  the  Government'  of  the  University  and 
Colleges.  But  it  was  not  till  May  i,  1647  l>  tnat  an  ordinance 
was  passed  by  the  Lords  and  Commons,  assembled  in 
Parliament, '  for  the  Visitation  and  Reformation  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  Oxford  and  the  several  Colleges  and  Halls  therein/ 
the  object  being  more  definitely  stated  to  be  '  the  due 
correction  of  offences,  abuses,  and  disorders,  especially  of 
late  times,  committed  there.'  The  Visitors  were  successfully 
kept  at  bay  by  Dr.  Fell  and  other  dignitaries  of  the  University 
and  Colleges  for  several  months,  and  it  was  not  till  March  1 7, 
164!,  that  they  were  able  actually  to  commence  operations. 
Meanwhile,  on  Sept.  30,  1647, tne  date  at  which  their  Register 
begins,  Mr.  Sparkes  and  Mr.  Hillersden  of  Corpus  (both  of 
them  Fellows)  were  included  amongst  '  the  names  of  divers 
worthy  gentlemen  who  are  appoynted  delegates  to  the 
Visitors,'  this  list  consisting  of  representatives  of  most  of 
the  Colleges  and  Halls,  designed,  doubtless,  to  afford  local 

1  From  this  point  onwards,  throughout  the  period  of  the  Parliamentary  Visitation 
and  the  Commonwealth,  I  must  express  my  obligations  to  Professor  Burrows' 
excellently  edited  Register  of  the  Visitors  of  the  University  of  Oxford  from  A.  D. 
1647  to  A.D.  1658,  printed  for  the  Camden  Society,  1881. 


202      METFORLfS  LETTER  TO  JOSHUA  REYNOLDS. 

information  with  reference  to  the  other  inmates  and  the  affairs, 
generally,  of  their  respective  societies.  On  Jan.  28,  164!, 
a  batch  of  no  less  than  twelve  new  Scholars  was  admitted, 
very  few  vacancies,  probably,  having  been  filled  up  in  recent 
years,  owing  to  the  war  and  the  siege,  as  indeed  may  be 
gathered  from  the  sparse  entries  in  the  Register  between 
1643  and  this  time1.  One  of  the  Scholars  then  elected, 
James  Metford,  a  native  of  Crewkerne  in  Somersetshire,  and, 
after  the  Restoration,  Rector  of  Bassingham,  a  College  living 
in  Lincolnshire,  has  left  us  a  very  interesting  account  of  this 
election,  in  a  letter  to  his  friend  Mr.  Joshua  Reynolds,  Fellow 
of  Corpus,  uncle  of  '  Sir  Joshua,'  dated  from  Bassingham, 
July  3,  1704.  This  letter,  kindly  pointed  out  to  me  by  Mr. 
F.  Madan,  from  which  I  shall  presently  quote  other  ex- 
tracts, relates  chiefly  to  the  events  which  took  place  in 
the  College  in  connexion  with  the  troubles  of  the  Civil  War. 
It  is  contained  in  the  Collections  for  Walker's  Sufferings  of 
the  Clergy,  and  is  numbered  in  the  Bodleian  Catalogue  as 
MS.  J.  Walker,  c.  8,  fol.  247.  The  passage  I  allude  to  is  the 
following :  '  The  Scholars  expelled  were  the  Cuttings  of  many 
Schools  of  the  best  note  in  England,  after  the  opening  of 
the  University,  that  gave  way  to  Armes  for  severall  yeers. 
The  Candidates  for  eleven  {really  twelve)  places  vacant  in 
that  time  were  the  first  day  97  the  second  day  84  the  third 
day  dropt  off  a  few  more :  yet  upon  the  day  of  declaring  the 
Election  they  were  numbred  to  62  Competitors.  It  hath 
been  often  thought,  the  scattering  such  men  all  over  the 
Nation  did  more  to  the  pulling  downe  of  that  Party  than 
all  the  warlike  Provisions  made  against  them.  Their  inclina- 
tions could  not  easily  be  discerned,  because  they  were  awed 

1  On  July  2,  1646,  it  had  been  ordered  that  no  further  admissions  should  take 
place  to  any  emolument  in  the  University  or  Colleges,  or  any  lease  of  lands 
be  granted,  '  till  the  pleasure  of  the  Parliament  should  be  made  known  therein.' 
'  Which  order,'  says  Wood,  '  being  received  by  the  Vice-Chancellor  and  every 
Head,  and  read  in  Convocation,  the  University  desired  in  their  letter  to  Sir  Thomas 
Fairfax  (penned  by  Hammond  the  Orator)  that  he  would  be  an  instrument,  so  far 
as  concerned  them,  of  recalling  that  order,  repugning  the  articles  of  the  surrender 
of  the  Garrison ;  but  what  remedy  they  found  appears  not :  yet  sure  I  am  that 
several  Colleges  made  elections  and  leases  of  lands  till  the  general  rout  of  them  in 
an.  1648.' 


DR.  NEWLYN'S  LODGINGS  SEARCHED.  203 

by  the  Ferula,  not  living  above  two  yeares  together  (really 
for  not  more  than  a  few  months.  Metford  was  now  an  old 
man,  and  his  recollection  of  dates  is  confused)  before  the 
dispersion  came,  and  so  no  character  can  be  given.' 

The  first  notice  we  have  of  any  event  connected  with 
Corpus,  after  the  Visitors  or  Commissioners  (as  they  are 
indifferently  called)  set  about  their  work  in  earnest,  is  the 
issue  (April  4,  1648)  and  execution  of  the  'Warrant  givinge 
power  to  Jo.  Langley,  Mandatory,  Andrew  Burrough,  Provost 
Marshall  to  the  Garison  of  Oxon,  and  such  as  they  shall 
thinke  fitt  to  take  with  them,  to  breake  open  and  serche  the 
lodgings  of  Dor  Newlin,  President  of  Corpus  Christi,  for  the 
Bedle  Staves,  and  other  Insignia  of  the  Universitie  of  Oxon.' 
Dr.  Fell,  the  Royalist  Vice-Chancellor,  was  now  and  had  for 
some  time  been  imprisoned  in  London,  and  Newlin,  as  his 
Pro-Vicechancellor,  was  suspected  to  have  the  staves,  books, 
keys,  seals,  and  other  articles,  pertaining  to  the  office  of 
Vice-Chancellor,  in  his  custody.  The  Visitors,  we  are  told  by 
Wood,  went  themselves,  with  their  officers,  to  the  President's 
Lodgings,  '  the  doors  of  which  being  fast  shut  and  none  within 
to  unlock  them,'  they,  i.e.  the  officers,  'brake  them  open, 
made  a  search  for  the  books,  staves,  &c.,  but,  missing  them, 
took  away  a  brace  of  pistols  and  a  sword  which  they  there 
found.'  On  the  yth  of  April,  the  orders  for  the  ejectment 
of  the  Vice-Chancellor,  Pro-Vicechancellors  and  Proctors, 
which  had  already  taken  place,  were  publicly  read  in  Con- 
vocation, and  the  Insignia  were  formally  ordered  to  be  given 
up.  '  As  for  the  Bedells  Staves,'  says  Wood  in  his  account  of 
a  subsequent  Convocation  held  by  the  Earl  of  Pembroke,  as 
Chancellor,  on  April  1 2,  '  there  were  none  now  to  be  found, 
neither  could  they  get  them  without  trouble,  till  above  two 
years  after.  The  Goods,'  i.e.  books,  keys,  seals,  &c.,  'also 
belonging  to  the  Vicechancellor  they  could  not  obtain  till  about 
the  latter  end  of  1650.'  On  Sept.  18,  1649,  we  ^nc^  an  Order 
of  the  Visitors  with  regard  to  these  '  Bedells  Staves/  or  rather 
the  want  of  them  :  '  The  Visitors,  taking  into  consideration 
the  great  dishonor  of  this  Universitie  of  Oxon  in  want  of 
Bedell  staves,  doe  order  that  every  Colledg  be  desired  to  lend 


204  ANSWERS  OF  MEMBERS  OF  CORPUS 

what  sum  of  monies  they  shall  think  fitt  to  the  purchasing 
thereof,  and  that  such  summes  of  money  be  ready  against  the 
beginning  of  the  next  tearm.' 

On  May  9,  1648,  the  members  of  Corpus  were  cited  to 
appear  before  the  Visitors,  and  the  answers  are  reported  as 
follows 1 : — 

'The  Answeres  of  Corpus  Christi  Colledge,  May  9th,  1648. 

George  Stratford :  To  the  Question,  whether  I  doe  submitt 
to  the  Authority  of  Parliament  in  this  Visitation,  I  Answere : 
I  referre  my  selfe  to  the  Answeres  which  the  Delegates  for 
the  Universitie  [have]  given  in  Answere  to  this  Quere  (which, 
like  the  answer  of  Dr.  Newlin,  referred  to  immediately, 
amounted  to  a  repudiation  of  the  authority  of  the  Visitors. 
See  Wood's  Annals,  sub  June  i,  Nov.  4,  5,  1647,  and,  for 
Dr.  Newlyn's  answer,  the  Order  of  the  Committee  of  Lords 
and  Commons  on  May  22,  1648,  extracted  on  p.  211  of  this 
work). 

Tho:  Drury :  As  I  am  a  Member  of  the  Universitie,  doe 
referre  my  selfe  to  the  Answere  given  in  by  the  Delegates : 
As  I  am  a  member  of  Corpus  Christi  Colledge,  doe  referre 
my  selfe  to  the  Answere  given  in  by  our  President,  as  relatinge 
to  this  question  concerninge  Visitation. 

Geo.  Halsted  :  As  concerninge  the  Question  of  the  power  of 
Parliament  in  this  Visitation  and  my  submission  thereunto,  I 
referre  my  selfe  unto  the  Answere  given  by  the  Delegates  of 
this  Universitie,  chosen  for  that  purpose. 

James  Jackson :  I  doe  referre  my  selfe  to  the  Answere 
given  in  by  the  Delegates  concerninge  the  Visitation  of  the 
Universitie  of  Oxon. 

Henry  Dutton :  I  Henry  Dutton  as  a  Member  of  this 
Universitie  (concerninge  the  Question  of  Visitinge  the  Univer- 
sitie), I  referre  my  selfe  to  the  Answere  of  the  Delegates. 
And  concerninge  the  Visitation  of  our  private  Colledge,  I 
referre  my  selfe  to  the  Answere  of  our  President,  formerly 
given  in  to  this  Question. 

William    Chidley :    I    William    Chidley,  concerninge   this 

1  See  Burrows'  Edition  of  the  Visitors'  Register,  pp.  61-4. 


TO   THE  PARLIAMENTARY  VISITORS.  205 

Visitation,  doe  referre  my  selfe  to  the  Answere  given  in  by 
the  Delegates  of  the  Universitie,  and  by  our  Colledge  of 
Corpus  Christi. 

Edward  Eales  :  As  concerninge  the  power  of  Parliament  in 
this  present  Visitation,  I  referre  my  selfe  to  the  Answere 
formerly  given  in  by  the  Delegates  of  the  Universitie. 

Tho:  Jennyngs :  Whereas  it  clearly  appeares  by  the  Privi- 
ledges  of  this  Universitie.  that  the  Visitation  of  it  is  soly  in 
the  Kinges  power,  or  in  the  power  of  those  who  imediately 
dirive  their  authority  from  him  soe  to  do,  this  beinge  con- 
sidered, I  cannot  submitt  to  these  Visitors  appoynted  by  the 
Parliament :  As  I  am  a  Member  of  C:  C:  Colledge,  I  cannot 
without  perjury  acknowledge  any  Visitors  but  the  Bishop  of 
Winchester.  This  is  my  Answere  to  which  I  subscribe. 
THO:  JENNYNGS. 

Zachary  Began  :  When  I  shal  be  satisfied  in  conscience  that 
I  may  lawfully  doe  it,  I  will  readily  submitt. 

William  Lydall :  I  give  in  the  same  Answere  as  our  President 
has  already  given  in  to  the  same  Question,  and  to  that  I 
subscribe. 

Henry  Glover :  As  I  have  noe  voyce  in  the  Convocation,  I 
conceive  myselfe  not  obliged  to  Answere  to  this  Question : 
As  I  am  a  Member  of  the  Universitie  I  referre  myselfe  to  the 
Answere  of  the  Delegates :  As  a  Member  of  Corpus  Christi 
Colledge  to  the  Answere  of  our  owne  President. 

Timothy  Parker :  I  doe  referre  myselfe  solely  to  the  Answere 
which  was  given  in  by  our  President. 

Tim:  Shute :  I  referre  my  selfe  to  the  Answere  given  in  by 
our  President. 

William  Coldham :  I  referre  myselfe  to  the  Answere  formerly 
given  in  by  our  President. 

Rich:  Ward :  As  touchinge  the  Visitation  of  the  Universitie 
in  generall  I  referre  my  selfe  to  the  Answere  of  the  Delegates  : 
As  for  the  perticuler  Visitation  of  our  Colledges,  I  referre 
myselfe  to  the  Answere  of  our  President. 

Hen:  Stapleton  :  I  Henry  Stapleton  doe  hereby  referre  my- 
selfe to  the  Answere  of  the  Delegates. 

James  Metford  :  Havinge  Questions  propounded  to  mee  I 


206  ANSWERS  TO   THE  VISITORS. 

give  in  this  by  way  of  Answere :  That,  forasmuch  as  I  am  a 
Member  of  this  Universitie,  I  referre  my  selfe  to  the  Answere 
of  the  Delegates :  and  as  beinge  a  scholler  of  Corpus  Christi 
I  referre  my  selfe  to  the  Answere  of  Dr.  Robert  Newlin, 
President  thereof.  And  soe  much  I  Answere. 

Tho:  Johnson :  In  generall  for  the  Visitation  of  the  Uni- 
versitie, I  referre  my  selfe  to  the  Delegates :  In  perticuler  for 
the  Visitation  of  our  Colledge,  I  referre  my  selfe  to  the 
Answere  of  our  President. 

Jo:  Betts :  My  Answere  as  I  am  a  Universitie  man  is  the 
same  with  the  Delegates :  As  I  am  of  Corpus  Christi  Colledge 
it's  that  of  the  President. 

Will  Stampe :  I  William  Stampe  for  submission  to  your 
authoritie  in  Visitinge  the  Universitie  doe  referre  myselfe  to 
the  Answere  given  by  the  Delegates:  And  in  perticuler  in 
Visitinge  our  Colledge  doe  referre  my  selfe  to  the  Answere 
of  our  President. 

Jo:  Fountaine :  This  is  my  Answere :  I  cannot  submitt. 

Gamaliell  Clarson :  I  beinge  a  member  of  this  Universite, 
and  of  the  aforesaid  Colledge,  doe  referre  myselfe  to  the 
Answere  of  the  Delegates  and  the  Answere  of  Dr.  Newlin  in 
behalfe  of  the  Colledge. 

Will:  Tonstall :  I  referre  my  selfe  to  the  Answere  given  in 
by  the  President. 

Samuell  Ladiman,  Ba:  Arts  :  Submitts. 

Thomas  Sanderson :  Concerninge  the  poynt  of  Visitation, 
my  Answere  is  breifely  this :  First  that  as  I  am  a  publique 
Member  of  the  Universitie  I  am  not  satisfied  how  I  can  with- 
out manifest  perjury  submitt  to  this  present  Visitation,  or  any 
other  whatsoever,  whereunto  the  Kinge  hath  either  given  a 
denyall,  or,  at  least,  not  given  his  consent.  And  this  is  the 
sence  of  the  Delegates  Answere  formerly  presented  to  you. 

Secondly,  that,  as  I  am  a  private  Member  of  Corpus  Christi 
Colledge,  I  know  not  how  I  shall  acquitt  my  selfe  of  the  same 
horride  cryme  of  perjury  if  I  submitt  to  any  other  person 
as  my  lawfull  Visitor  then  whom  the  Founder  hath  expresly 
appoynted  in  his  Statutes,  which  everie  Member  of  the  Foun- 
dation is  bound  by  oath  to  observe  and  mentayne.  And  this 


<  MET  FORD  SUFFERED  FOR  ORIGINAL  SIN.'       207 

I  take  to  be  the  sence  of  the  President's  Answere  formerly 
delivered  to  you  in  the  name  of  the  Colledge.  To  both 
which  Answeres  beinge  more  full  and  satisfactory  I  referre 
and  subscribe. 

Present  of  the  Visitors : 

The  Vice-Chancellor  (now  Edward 
Reynolds,  Dean  of  Ch.  Ch.}. 

Dr.  Wilkinson.     Dr.  Rogers. 

Mr.  Wilkinson. 

Mr.  Chennell.     [Cheynell.] ' 

James  Metford,  one  of  the  respondents,  records  a  graphic 
incident  of  the  interview  with  the  Visitors  on  this  occasion : 
'  Dr  Reynolds l,  a  man  learned  and  not  immorall,  but  as 
covetous,  and  so  fearfull  he  could  not  stand  by  the  best  cause 
in  the  world,  was  Chairman  of  the  Committee  (as  Vice- 
Chancellor).  His  Co-assessors  were  Dr  Cheynell,  hot  and 
furious,  who,  when  Reynolds  urged  the  Committee  to  excuse 
me  from  answering  as  too  young  (he  is  entered  as  15  on 
admission)  to  understand  the  case  before  us,  said  Let  him 
answere,  He  hath  Originall  Sin  in  him  as  well  as  the  rest, 
wch  occasioned  a  saying  in  the  University,  that  Metford 
suffered  for  Original  Sin.  The  other  two  that  sat  that  day 
were  Dr  Langley  and  Dr  Cornish  2,  men  looked  on  as  insipid 
and  dull  both  in  Preaching  and  Conversation  ;  only  they  shewd 
their  Religion  by  a  mode  of  sighing,  and  oft  exposed  them- 
selves in  Preaching  to  the  smiles  of  the  Auditory,  and  were 
tedious  even  when  shortest.' 

In  the  list  of  persons  expelled  the  University,  on  May  15, 
1648,  by  the  '  Committee  of  Lords  and  Commons  for  regulating 
the  University  of  Oxford,'  which,  of  course,  sat  in  London, 
and  to  which  constant  reference  was  made  by  the  Visitors 

1  Just  before  this  extract,  Metford,  speaking  of  the  Visitors,  says :  '  The  Visitors 
of  Oxon  were  Philip,  Earle  of  Pembroke  and  Montgomery,  our  Chancellor,  noted 
for  much  swearing,  he  led  the  dance.' 

2  Their  names,  however,  do  not  occur  in  the  List  of  Visitors  present  at  the 
sitting  of  May  9,  as  given  in  the  Register.     And  still  it  is  difficult  to  understand 
to  what  other  sitting  Metford  can  refer.     He  can  hardly  have  been  examined 
twice,  and  this  is  the  only  record  in  the  Register  of  any  examination  undergone 
by  him. 


208  NAMES  OF  CORPUS  MEN  EXPELLED. 

sitting  in  Oxford,  occur  the  following  Corpus  names :  Thomas 
Drury,  Henry  Button,  William  Godley,  William  Lydall,  Henry 
Glover,  Timothy  Parker,  William  Coldham,  Richard  Warre, 
John  Betts,  Thomas  Teakle,  William  Fulman,  James  Metford, 
Thomas  Johnson,  Thomas  Sanderson,  Gamaliel  Clarkson, 
William  Tonstall,  Timothy  Shute,  John  Fountaine,  George 
Stratford,  George  Halsted,  James  Jackson,  Edward  Eales, 
Henry  Glover  (?  repeated),  Richard  Warryn  (?  same  as 
Richard  Warre  above),  John  Stapleton,  commoner,  John 
Bettes  (repeated),  William  Stampe,  John  Jackson,  Thomas 
Sanderson  (repeated),  George  Kind,  Thomas  Immings, 
Zachary  Bogan1.  It  is  worth  remarking  that  all  the  twelve 
scholars  admitted  on  Jan.  28,  164!,  are  included  in  this  list, 
with  the  sole  exception  of  Norton  Bold,  who  can  only  have 
escaped  by  his  non-appearance  on  the  9th  of  May,  as  he 
was  subsequently  expelled  on  Oct.  2,  the  ground  assigned 
being  that  he,  in  common  with  some  others  expelled  at  the 
same  time,  had  been  unlawfully  elected  to  his  Scholarship. 
The  Order  of  the  Committee,  which  extended  to  no  less  than 
334  persons,  was,  however,  left  to  be  put  in  execution  by  the 
Visitors  in  Oxford,  who,  to  use  Wood's  words,  'did  not  expel 
them  all,  but  most  by  parcels,  as  anon  shall  be  shewed.' 

On  May  29,  there  occurs  in  the  Register  the  following 
entry  :  John  Clark,  Art.  Bac.  C.  C.  C.  I  am  not  as  yet  satis- 
fied in  conscience  that  I  may  lawfully  submitt  to  the  present 
Visitation,  or  to  any  other  authority  which  is  not  derived  as 
well  from  the  Kinge  as  from  both  Houses  of  Parliament. 
On  June  6,  Josiah  Lane  answers  :  I  humbly  conceive  the 
authority  wherby  this  present  Visitation  is  carried  on  to  be 
lawfull,  and  therefore  submitt  to  it.  On  June  14,  John  Clark, 
mentioned  above,  was  expelled.  On  June  29,  Mr.  Stratford, 
Mr.  Sanderson,  Tymothy  Shute  and  Gamaliell  Clarkeson  were 
ordered  forthwith  to  remove  themselves.  On  July  5,  Dr. 
Staunton  was  placed  on  '  the  Committee  for  the  examination 
of  all  such  as  are  Candidates  for  any  Fellowship,  Scholarship, 

Burrows'  Ed.  of  the  Register,  pp.  90-93.  Bogan  escaped  expulsion,  and  is 
recognised  in  the  Register  as  a  Fellow  twice  during  1649,  and  again  in  1651. 
Metford,  in  his  letter  to  Reynolds,  speaks  also  of  Warre  as  having  escaped. 


STUDENTS  DRIVEN  OUT  OF  COLLEGE.  209 

or  other  place  in  this  University.'  He  had  already,  as  we 
shall  see  presently,  been  appointed  President  of  Corpus.  On 
July  7,  the  following  answers  from  Corpus  men  were  given 
in  either  orally  or  by  writing :  by  Thomas  Sutton,  It  is  not 
any  guilty  feare  of  an  enquiry  to  be  made  into  my  actions  by 
the  established  law  of  the  land,  but  only  a  conscientiouse 
regard  to  those  Colledge  Statutes  which  by  solemne  oath 
I  stand  engaged  inviolably  to  observe,  that  necessitates  my 
refusall  of  submission  to  this  your  present  Visitation  ;  by 
Joseph  Barber  (?  Barker),  The  severall  Statutes  of  our  house 
(to  an  inviolable  observation  of  which  I  am  bound  by  oath) 
expressly  forbiddinge  me,  I  cannot  comply  with  this  visita- 
tion without  open  violence  to  my  judgment  and  conscience  ; 
by  Thomas  Johnson,  I  beinge  fully  resolved  doe  willingely 
submitt  to  the  authority  of  Parliament  in  this  Visitation,  and 
doe  humbly  acknowledge  my  former  error  in  denyinge  to 
submitt  hereunto  ;  by  James  Hayes,  I  doe  hartily  submitt  to 
this  present  Visitation ;  by  William  Windham,  I  submitt 
to  this  Visitation.  On  the  same  day,  the  following  Corpus 
men,  who  had  previously  been  deprived  by  the  Parliamentary 
Committee  in  London,  but  whose  actual  expulsion  had  been 
deferred  by  the  Visitors  in  Oxford,  were  required  to  remove 
forthwith :  Mr.  Thomas  Drury,  Mr.  John  Betts,  Mr.  George 
Halsted,  Mr.  George  Kind,  Mr.  Jackson,  Mr.  John  Clarke, 
Mr.  Thomas  Teakle,  Mr.  James  Metford,  Mr.  William  Stampe, 
Mr.  John  Stapleton,  Mr.  Henry  Glover.  On  the  following 
Tuesday  (July  n),  the  same  day  on  which,  as  we  shall  see 
presently,  Dr.  Newlyn's  name  was  dashed  out  from  the  But- 
tery Book,  '  a  Drum,  with  a  guard  of  musqueteers,'  according 
to  Wood,  '  were  sent  to  every  College,  where,  after  a  call  had 
been  beaten  by  the  Drummer,'  the  order  for  expulsion  was 
read.  James  Metford,  one  of  the  victims,  in  the  letter  already 
quoted,  gives  the  following  graphic  account  of  the  Visitors' 
proceedings :  '  The  Civility  shewed  us  in  our  Expulsion  was, 
a  foot  company  at  their  Arms  in  the  Quadrangle :  beating 
a  Drum  for  silence,  and  proclaiming  (while  an  Agent  fastened 
their  Visitors  Orders  on  the  College  Gates,  with  the  names 
proscribed)  That  whosoever,  named  in  the  Order,  should 

P 


310  ORDER  FOR  EXPULSION  OF  NEWLYN. 

remaine  in  Oxon  or  within  five  miles  of  it,  after  Sun  sett, 
He  should  be  taken  and  prosecuted  as  a  Spy  in  the  Parliamte 
Quarters  :  wch  we  understood  to  be  hanging ;  tho'  many  knew 
not  whither  to  go  on  such  short  warning :  nor  could  they 
have  time  to  dispose  their  Books,  and  such  Goods  as  they 
had.  And  some  were  searched  for  Let's  only  to  pick  their 
Pockets.  And  a  little  before  the  Doome,  every  weeke, 
Alarms  and  Plots  were  talked  of  among  the  Citizens  to  in- 
timidate them,  and  render  us  hatefull.  Crackbrain  Dr  Chey- 
nell  one  of  the  Visitors  traversd  the  streets  in  slippers  crying 
out  of  plots  against  their  lives  in  the  night.' 

We  must  now  retrace  our  steps,  by  some  six  weeks,  to  the 
22nd  of  May,  in  order  to  give  some  account  of  the  depriva- 
tion of  Dr.  Newlyn  and  the  substitution  of  Dr.  Staunton  as 
President  of  the  College.  In  the  Register  of  the  College 
during  the  times  of  the  Parliamentary  President  and  Fellows1, 
there  are  copied  two  orders  (not  to  be  found  in  Professor 
Burrows'  edition  of  the  Visitors'  Register),  which  were  issued 
by  the  '  Committee  of  Lords  and  Commons  for  Reformation 
of  the  University  of  Oxford'  on  May  22,  1648,  one  depriving 
Dr.  Robert  Newlyn  of  the  Presidentship,  the  other  constituting 
Dr.  Edmund  Staunton  President  in  his  stead.  As  these 
documents  have  probably  never  hitherto  been  published, 
it  seems  worth  while  to  extract  them  in  full. 

'  May  22,  1648.      At  the  Committee  of  &c. 

Whereas  severall  answers  of  Dr  Fell,  Dean  of  Christ  Church 
and  pretended  Vice  Chancellor,  Heads  of  Houses,  Doctors, 
Proctors,  and  others  of  the  Universitie  of  Oxford,  refusing  to 
submitt  to  the  authority  of  Parliament  for  visiting  the  said 
University,  were  referred  to  this  Committee  by  speciall  order 
of  both  Houses  of  Parliament,  to  heare  and  determine,  and  to 
apply  effectuall  remedyes  as  the  cases  should  require  upon 
full  hearing  and  debate  thereof,  it  being  resolved  that  the 
matter  of  the  said  answers  was  a  high  contempt  and  denyall 

1  This  is  really  the  Second  Register,  though  that  beginning  with  the  Restoration 
is  entituled  Liber  Sccundus  Admissionum,  ignoring  the  Register  kept  during  the 
Commonwealth,  which,  however,  was,  fortunately,  not  destroyed. 


ORDER  FOR  SUBSTITUTION  OF  STAUNTON.       211 

of  authority  of  Parliament :  It  is  now  resolved  upon  reading 
of  the  answer  of  Doctor  Newlyn,  President  of  Corpus  Christi 
College  (who  saith,  first,  he  is  bound  by  severall  oathes  to 
answer  before  none  as  a  Visitor  but  the  Bishop  of  Winchester, 
secondly,  he  finds  nothing  in  the  Delegates  answer  (that  is 
the  Delegates  appointed,  on  behalf  of  the  University,  in  Con- 
vocation, on  June  i,  1647,  for  which  see  Wood's  Annals)  that 
he  can  disapprove,  besides  many  other  contempts  since  com- 
mitted against  the  authority  of  Parliament  in  the  visitation), 
that  the  said  Dr  Newlyn  is  guilty  of  high  contempt  and 
denyall  of  authority  of  Parliament,  and  it  is  also  resolved 
that,  for  an  effectuall  remedy  thereof,  the  said  Dr  Newlyn 
be  removed  being  President  of  Corpus  Christi  Colledge  afore- 
said, and  accordingly  the  said  Dr  Newlyn  is  required  to  yield 
obedyence  hereunto,  and  to  remove  from  the  said  Colledge, 
and  quitt  the  said  place  and  all  emoluments,  rights,  and 
appurtenances  thereto  belonging  and  depending,  and  he  who 
supplies  the  Vice-President  or  Senior  Fellow's  place  in  the 
said  Colledge  is  hereby  required  to  publish  this  Order  to 
the  whole  society  and  such  others  as  are  concerned  herein. 

Francis  Rons.' 

'  May  22,  1648.     At  the  Committee  &c. 

Whereas  it  appeared  to  this  Committee  and  accordingly 
was  resolved  that  Dr  Robert  Newlyn  was  guilty  of  high 
contempt  and  denyall  of  authority  of  Parliament,  and,  for  an 
effectuall  remedy  thereof,  it  was  also  resolved  that  the  said 
Dr  Newlin  be  removed  from  being  President  of  Corpus  Christi 
Colledge  in  the  University  of  Oxon,  and  that  Edmund 
Staunton  Doctor  in  Divinity  be  President  of  the  said  Colledge  : 
It  is  therefore  ordered  that  the  said  Dr  Staunton  be  and 
hereby  he  is  constituted  and  established  President  of  the  said 
Colledge  to  all  intents  and  purposes,  and  shall  enjoy  and 
have  all  the  power,  rights,  emoluments,  roomes  and  lodgings 
by  any  Statute,  Custome,  or  Right  belonging  to  the  President 
of  the  said  Colledge.  And  the  Senior  Fellow  in  the  said 
Colledge  is  hereby  required  to  publish  this  order  to  the  fel- 
lowes,  schollers,  and  others  of  the  said  Colledge  who  are 

P  2 


212    A  UDACIO US  CONDUCT  OF  FULMAN  AND  PARKER. 

or  may  be  concerned  in  the  knowledge  hereof.  And  the 
fellowes,  schollers,  and  others  of  the  said  Colledge  are  hereby 
required  to  receive,  respect,  obey,  and  submit  to  the  said  Dr 
Staunton  as  President  of  that  Colledge,  as  they  will  answer 
the  contrary  att  their  perills.  And  that  the  former  order 
of  this  Committee  for  removing  Dr  Newlin  and  this  Order 
for  establishing  Dr  Staunton  President  of  the  said  Colledge 
be  entered  into  the  Register  of  the  said  Colledge. 

Francis  Rous.' 

On  May  27,  according  to  Wood,  the  Visitors  caused  a 
paper  to  be  stuck  on  the  College  gate,  deposing  Dr.  Newlyn 
from  being  President,  and  commanding  the  Vice-President 
to  signify  to  the  House  '  that  no  obedience  should,  for  the 
future,  be  given  to  him,  nor  he  be  acknowledged  President ; 
but  the  paper  was  soon  after  torn  down  with  indignation  and 
scorn.'  It  seems  to  us  a  singular  example  of  forbearance, 
but  there  are  not  wanting  many  others  of  the  same  kind 
(for  the  Oxford  Visitors,  we  must  recollect,  were  dealing  with 
old  colleagues  and,  in  some  instances  perhaps,  even  old 
friends),  that,  after  such  contumelious  treatment,  no  further 
steps  were  taken  till  more  than  six  weeks  afterwards.  On 
July  u,  however,  the  Visitors,  headed  by  Dr.  Reynolds,  now 
Dean  of  Ch.  Ch.  and  Vice-Chancellor,  came  to  the  College, 
'  dashed  out  Dr  Newlin's  name  from  the  Buttery,  and  put  in 
that  of  Dr  Stanton,  formerly  voted  into  the  place  :  but  their 
backs  were  no  sooner  turned  but  his  name  was  blotted  out  with 
a  pen  by  Will.  Fulman  and  then  torn  out  by  Tim.  Parker, 
Scholars  of  that  House.  At  the  same  time,  if  I  (i.e.  A.  Wood) 
mistake  not,  they  <i.  e.  the  Visitors)  brake  open  the  Treasury, 
but  found  nothing.'  After  this  audacious  feat  (which  would 
supply  no  bad  subject  for  a  historical  picture)  we  shall  hardly 
feel  surprised,  when  we  read  presently  that  Will.  Fulman  and 
Tim.  Parker  were  expelled  on  the  22nd  of  July  following. 

Recurring  to  the  general  course  of  events,  so  far  as  it 
affects  Corpus,  on  July  13,  several  of  the  College  servants 
(whose  position,  at  that  time,  was  at  once  more  important 
and  more  on  an  equality  with  that  of  other  members  of  the 


EXPULSION  OF  SERVANTS.  213 

College  than  it  now  is 1)  appeared  before  the  Visitors.     The 
answers  given  were  as  follows : 

'  The  Answere  of  Jo:  Hill,  Senior  Cooke  of  C.  C.  C. : 
Sirs,  if  it  please  you  I  shall  acknowledge  Dr.  Staunton  as 
President  put  in  by  the  authoritie  of  both  Houses  of  Parlia- 
ment, but,  under  favor,  I  cannot  acknowledge  him  as  President 
accordinge  to  the  Statutes  of  the  Colledge,  for  that  I  am 
altogether  ignorant  of  them. 

The  Answere  of  Henry  Price,  Junior  Cooke  of  C.  C.  C. : 

Sirs,  If  it  please  you  I  shall  acknowledge  Dr.  Staunton  as 
President  put  in  by  the  authority  of  both  Houses  of  Parlia- 
ment :  But,  under  favor,  I  cannot  acknowledge  him  as  Presi- 
dent accordinge  to  the  Statutes  of  the  Colledge,  for  that 
I  am  altogether  ignorant  of  them. 

The  same  Answere,  verbatim,  is  given  by  John  Parne, 
Butlor  of  C.  C.  C. 

And  by  Tho:  Seymor,  Manciple  C.  C.  C. 

And  by  Tho:  Booden,  Portor  of  C.  C.  C. 

And  by  William  Harrison,  Groome  of  C.  C.  C.' 
All  these  persons,  as  well  as  Thomas  Sutton  and  John  Barker, 
were  ordered,  by  the  Committee  of  Lords  and  Commons, 
sitting  on  Aug  i,  to  be  deprived  of  their  places  and  expelled 
the  University.  At  the  same  time,  the  same  order  was  made 
by  the  same  authority  with  regard  to  the  following  members 
of  the  College,  on  the  ground  of  non-appearance  before  the 
Visitors,  either  through  having  absented  themselves  from  the 
University  or  refusing  to  answer  the  summons,  though  resident : 
Dr.  Hide,  Mr.  Wrench,  Mr.  Sparke  ('a  long  tyme  sike"(i.e. 
sick)),  Mr.  Newell,  Mr.  Greaves,  Mr.  Hillersden,  Mr.  Haywood, 
Mr.  Samwayes,  Mr.  Speedinge,  Holloway,  Bould  (for  whom  see 

1  Some  of  the  junior  servants,  as  already  remarked,  were  students  and  attended 
lectures.  Besides  the  Stewards  and  Clerks  of  Accompt  (who  were,  perhaps, 
something  like  our  modern  Chapter  Clerks),  the  Manciples  and  Butlers  were 
occasionally  Masters  of  Arts,  as,  for  instance,  William  Taylonr,  Butler  of  St.  John's, 
mentioned  in  Wood's  Annals,  sub  April  27,  and  Latimer  Crosse,  Manciple  of 
Magdalen  Hall,  mentioned  by  Wood,  sub  May  16,  1648.  Service,  at  that  time, 
did  not  necessarily  imply  social  inferiority,  and  the  word  servant  was  applied 
to  secretaries,  chaplains,  and  pages,  the  last  of  whom  were  often  of  gentle,  and 
even  noble  birth. 


214       SENTENCES  OF  EXPULSION  CARRIED  OUT. 

above,  p.  208),  Home,  The  Steward  (Mr.  Newlyn 1).  It  is  re- 
markable that  in  this  list  are  Noel  Sparke  and  John  Hillersden 
(who,  after  the  Restoration,  became  Archdeacon  of  Bucks), 
two  of  the  '  worthy  gentlemen,'  who,  on  Sept.  30,  1647,  were 
appointed  Delegates  to  the  Visitors.  The  Revolution  that 
was  proceeding  had  probably  outrun  their  sympathy  and 
zeal.  As  usual,  some  time  elapsed  before  the  Oxford  Visitors 
executed  the  order  of  the  Parliamentary  Committee,  and  it 
was  not  till  October  2  (the  same  day  on  which  they  resolved 
that  'all  elections  since  July  2nd,  1646,  according  to  an  order 
of  the  Committee  of  Lords  and  Commons,  be  voyd  and  of 
none  effect')  that  the  following  persons,  being  members  of 
C.  C.  C,  were  '  removed  from  their  places ' : 

Mr.  (Robert.  See  MS.  J.  Walker,  c.  8,  fol.  240)  Newlyn, 
Steward,  for  Non-appearance. 

Jo:  Hill,  Senior  Cooke 


Jo:  Fames,  Butler 
Tho:  Seamer,  Manciple 


(-Non-submission. 


Hen:  Price,  Junior  Cooke 

Tho:  Bowden,  Porter2       ; 

Mr.  Wrench,  Fell: 

Mr.  Speedinge,  Fell: 

Mr.  Thos:  Sutton,  Fell: 

Mr.  Barker,  Fell: 

Bolde        I  Johnson;  Home3;     )  Sch: 

Warr          [  Scho:  Elections  null.  -  Tonstall ;  Lawrence ;  [  Elec: 
Fountaine)  (Holloway  J  null. 

Mr.  Samwaies,  Fell:         \      Upon  the  Order  of  the 

Mr.  Haywood,  Fell:          I  Committee  of  Lords  and 

Sr.  Lydall,  Sch:  Commons, 

Sr.  Eales,  Chaplin:  Oct:  the  nth. 

Mr.  Hen.  Button,  Fell: 
Coldham,  Sch. 

1  This  Mr.  Newlyn  (Robert  Newlyn)  was  (as  already  stated,  p.  196)  nephew  of 
the  President. 

2  The  '  Equiso,'  William  Harrison,  had  been  ordered  to  be  expelled  on  Aug.  i. 
In  Metford's  second  letter  to  Joshua  Reynolds  (MS.  J.  Walker,  c.  8,  fol.  252),  one 
Izhard,  famulus  prsesidis,  is  referred  to  as  expelled ;  but  his  name  does  not  seem 
to  occur  in  the  Visitors'  Register. 

3  Home  and  Lawrence  were  Choristers,  Holloway  a  Clerk. 


NEW  APPOINTMENTS  BY  THE   VISITORS         2J5 


J-  Fell: 


Meanwhile,  the  following  persons  had  been  '  chosen '  by  the 
Visitors  into  the  College  : 

Ed:  Hawes,  Jun:  Cooke. 

Nath:  Wells,  Butler. 

John  Langley,  Manciple. 

Jo:  Milward,  Fell:  Vice-President. 
Stephens,  Fell: 

Tho:  Gilston,  Fell: 

Elisha  Bourne,  Fell: 
Ilsley,  Schol: 
Whettham,  Schol: 

Ed:  Disney,  Schol: 

Sam:  Ashurst. 
Thorneton. 

Tho:  Maulthouse. 
Wandricke. 
Anderson. 
Roe,  Fell: 
Ford,  Fell: 
Sanderson,  Fell: 
Raynor,  Schol: 
Tidcombe,  Fell: 
Wight,  Schol: 


Sam:  Byfeildj 
Rich:  Byfeild,  Schol: 
Will:  Gardner  ) 

Burgesse 
Beniamyn  Way,  Schol: 

Whitehorne,  Fell:  Deane 
Ezek:  Webb,  Schol: 
Will:  Ford,  Schol: 

Ladiman,  Fell: 
Josia  Lane,  Schol: 
Jo:  Lisley,  Schol: 
Jo:  Sayer,  Schol: 
Josia  Ballard. 
Nath:  Vincent,  Quer: 

Nelson,  Schol: 
Jo:  Prous,  Fell: 
Rich:  Abbotts,  Fell: 
Jo:  Dod,  Fell: 
Jo:  How,  Steward. 
Will:  Adams,  Sen:  Cooke. 


This  list  must,  however,  be  posterior  to  the  actual  admis- 
sion of  several  Fellows  and  Scholars,  as  the  College  Register 
begins  with  the  admission,  on  July  14,  1648,  of  three  Scholars, 
nominated  by  the  Visitors,  nor  is  there  more  than  a  rough 
correspondence  between  the  dates  attached  to  the  names  in 
any  part  of  this  list  and  those  attached  to  the  same  names  in 
the  Register. 

On  July  22,  occurred  the  expulsion  of  Parker  and  Fulman, 
already  mentioned,  together  with  that  of  Thomas  Jennings, 
B.A.  and  Scholar.  Fulman  and  Jennings  were  restored  in 
1660. 

Though  not  directly  referring  to  Corpus,  there  is  an  entry 
in  Wood's  Annals,  under  December  1648,  which  must  be 
interesting  to  members  of  the  College,  as  connected  with 
Beam  Hall  (now  the  residence  of  Professor  Case),  a  house 


21 6     THE  COMMON  PRAYER  SAID  IN  BEAM  HALL. 

which  has  been  in  possession  of  the  College  almost  since  its 
foundation :  '  In  the  same  month  (December)  Latin  prayers 
according  to  the  Liturgy  were  taken  away  at  Ch.  Ch.,  having 
continued  there  till  the  Nativity  in  spite  of  the  Visitors. 
Afterwards  certain  divines  of  that  House,  namely,  Mr  John 
Fell,  Mr  John  Dolbin,  Mr  Richard  Allestrey,  &c.,  all  lately 
expelled,  set  up  the  Common  Prayer  in  the  house  of 
Mr  Thomas  Willis,  a  Physician,  against  Merton  College 
Church  (being  the  same  house  where  lately  had  been  an 
Independent  Meeting),  to  which  place  admitting  none  but 
their  confidents  were  Prayers  and  Surplices  used  on  all 
Lord's  Days,  Holy  Days,  and  their  Vigils,  as  also  the 
Sacrament  according  to  the  Church  of  England  administered, 
continuing  so  till  the  Restoration  of  K.  Ch.  II.'  Almost  all 
Oxford  men  must  be  acquainted  with  the  fine  picture  in 
Ch.  Ch.  Hall l,  representing  these  three  Divines  in  the  act  of 
reading  the  Liturgy. 

Having  now  arrived  at  the  end  of  the  year  1648,  as  then 
reckoned,  we  may  consider  the  general  result  of  the  changes  as 
they  affected  Corpus,  and  also  give  some  account  of  the  new 
President,  Dr.  Staunton.  With  reference  to  the  first  point, 
besides  the  substitution  of  the  Presbyterian  for  the  Anglican 
form  of  worship,  and  the  introduction,  probably,  of  a  much 
more  severe  discipline  than  the  students  had  been  accustomed 
to  for  the  last  few  years,  almost  the  whole  personnel  of  the 
College  appears  to  have  been  changed.  Metford,  whose 
narrative  is,  in  this  respect,  very  valuable  as  supplementing 
our  other  authorities,  gives  us  the  following  account  of  this 
change,  the  substantial  accuracy  of  which  there  is  no  reason 
to  doubt : — 

As  to  the  College  of  C.  C.  C.,  it  was  generally  ruined  in  1649. 
There  was  not  one  Fellow  left  but  Mr  Noel  Sparks  the  Greek 
Lecturer  who  was  bed  rid,  and  could  not  answere  the  Rump  Visitors 
at  their  visitation,  and  after  his  recovery  was  grievously  harrassed  by 
the  Intruders,  as  he  often  complained  to  Mr  William  Tonstall  now 
vicar  of  Heckington  in  Linconshire  one  of  the  ejected  Scholars. 

This  picture,  I  am  told  by  Mr.  Vere  Bayne,  is  not  an  original,  but  a  copy  of 
one  by  Lely  in  the  Deanery. 


ACCOUNT  OF  CHANGES  IN  THE  PERSONNEL.     217 

Mr  Zachary  Bogan  was  a  Probationer  and  consumptive  and  his 
death  daily  expected,  he  also  was  left  by  their  Charity,  so  that 
iS1  very  worthy  and  learned  men  were  thrown  off  with  Dr 
Newlin  the  President  and  none  saved,  but  what  twas  plain  in- 
humanity to  drive  out.  So  of  the  Scholars,  all  were  ejected  but 
Mr  Warre  (as  far  as  I  can  remember)  and  Mr  Parsons 2,  provoked 
by  being  refusd  Probationership  at  the  time  he  expected,  and  so 
chose  to  be  perjured,  for  they  were  sworn  to  the  locall  statutes 
as  well  as  the  rest.  The  number  of  Scholars  must  be  18 
ejected.  There  returnd  at  the  Restoration  but  two  actuall  Fellows 
Dr  James  Hyde  and  Mr  Richard  Samwayes,  and  Scholars  Will: 
Coldham  (who  was  very  sickly  and  dyed  in  a  week  or  two  after 
Restoration),  Norton  Bold  afterward  Squire  Beedle,  Will:  Fulman, 
Tho.  Immings  and  myselfe,  one  Chaplain  Mr  Eeles,  and  no  Clerk 
no  Chorister 3  who  were  all  outed  except  Mr  Lane 4  a  Clarke 5. 

The  Intruders  I  had  little  opportunity  to  know.  Dr  Staunton  the 
President  among  them  was  reckond  by  themselves  a  man  that  had 
parts  but  idle,  and  would  instruct  but  not  study  for  what  he  did,  but 
was  verbose.  His  son  Francis,  a  Scholar  thrust  in,  to  excuse  him, 
used  to  say  would  he  take  paines,  he  could  produce  elaborate  dis- 
courses, but  none  appeard.  He  labourd  not  to  augment  Learning, 
nor  urged  any  other  Authors  but  the  Assemblers  Catechisme :  w0*1 
was  an  ungratefull  taske  put  on  the  Scholars.  The  Bulls  (jokes  or, 
perhaps,  frauds  or  rather  tricks.  See  Murray's  Dictionary)  he  was 

1  Including,  according  to  a  subsequent  letter  from  Metford  to  Joshua  Reynolds, 
of  date  Oct.  17,  preserved  in  the  same  volume,  fol.  252,  one  John  Sweete,  who  had 
'  slipt  out  of  Town,'  and  into  whose  place  Parsons,  an  M.A.  Scholar,  mentioned 
below,  was  anxious  to  be  elected. 

a  In  the  letter  quoted  in  the  last  note,  Parsons  and  Warre  are  said  to  have 
'revolted';  Johnson  was  'outed,'  but,  afterwards,  restored  at  the  instance  of 
powerful  relations. 

3  The  name  of  Lawrence,  however,  one  of  the  Choristers,  son  of  Dr.  Lawrence, 
Master  of  Balliol  and  Margaret  Professor  of  Divinity,  who  had  resigned  both  these 
offices,  occurs  on  the  books  for  a  considerable  time  after  his  appointment  was 
annulled,  and  probably  till  he  took  his  degree. 

*  Josiah  Lane,  Clerk,  submitted  to  the  Visitors  on  June  6,  1648,  subsequently 
became  a  Fellow,  and  was  ejected  at  the  Restoration. 

5  With  regard  to  the  Chaplains,  Metford  says,  in  his  second  letter :  '  Allen 
resigned  his  Chaplain's  place  in  the  beginning  of  1648,  and  Edward  Eales  was 
advanced  from  Trinity  Coll.  into  his  place.  So  the  Visitation  ejected  Chidley  and 
Eales.  Chidley  died,  Eales  was  restored,  and  one  Coppock  brought  in  to  Chidley's 
place.'  But  Chidley  seems  ultimately  to  have  conformed.  See  an  order  of  the 
Visitors,  June  6,  1649,  addressed  to  the  President  and  Fellows. 


21 8  PROPORTION  OF  THOSE  EXPELLED. 

charged  withall  are  not  worth  mentioning.  They  were  noted  by 
observers  to  serve  the  College  most  in  letting  Lands,  being  acquainted 
with  husbandry.  MrRoe  (Rowe)  was  thought  an  enthusiast,  MrWey 
one  of  the  Chaplaines  was  an  Independent.  Mr  Fowler  now  B.  G. 
(Bishop  of  Gloucester)  another  of  the  Chaplains  a  Presbyterian, 
the  rest  were  also  seemingly  the  same  way.  But  of  the  Intruded 
Scholars x  Peter  Glub,  John  Lisle,  William  Ford  and  Francis  Staunton 
declared  themselves  Episcopally  inclined. 

For  the  charactrs  of  the  Fellows  expeld,  they  were  esteemd  the 
Ornament  of  the  University,  and  carryed  on  Religion  and  Preaching 
in  the  Episcopall  Assembly,  till  they  were  banished  the  Citty,  as  the 
Visitors  and  their  Party  did  at  S  Maries,  wcb  drew  such  vaste  Crowds 
of  people  toget[her]  in  S  Magdalen  Parish  Church  (if  my  memory 
faile  me  not  in  the  name)  that  nothing  but  their  utter  Extirpation 
could  satisfie  the  Visitor's  rage.  They  were  men,  whose  wits  and 
Morals  vyed  wcl1  should  exceed.  As  for  two  of  them,  Dr  Tho: 
Sanderson  son  of  renowned  Rob*  BP  of  Lincoln,  Grantham  will 
speake  his  worth  where  he  practisd  Physick  till  his  death :  and 
Dr  Geo:  Halsted  Manchester  is  too  gratefull  to  forget  him.  And 
the  present  most  pious  and  learned  BP  of  Chester  (Nicholas 
Stratford)  formerly  Warden  of  Manchester  can  say  enough  in  his 
behalfe.  The  rest  were  Divines  and  well  knowne  to  the  world,  and 
particularly  my  good  Tutor  Dr  Barker,  being  sometime  Chaplaine  to 
the  house  of  Commons.  As  for  the  Intruders,  tho'  I  hate  Rebellion, 
Robbery,  and  unconscionable  Invasions  as  much  as  others,  yet 
chuse  to  forget  what  may  serve  to  provoke. 

The  remainder  of  this  portion  of  Metford's  letter,  which  is 
on  the  expelled  Scholars,  has  been  already  given  (pp.  203-3), 
in  connexion  with  the  large  election  of  Scholars  in  164^. 

It  will  be  seen  that  a  very  large  majority  of  the  Society 
refused  to  subscribe,  and  was  consequently  sentenced  to 
expulsion.  Some,  however,  came  in  afterwards,  and  either 
saved  their  places  or  were  restored  to  them.  Including  these, 
it  may  be  said,  on  a  rough  calculation,  that  the  proportion  of 
those  who  finally  disappeared  from  the  College  to  those  who 

1  The  names  of  John  Lisle,  William  Ford,  and  Peter  Glub,  constantly  appear 
in  the  Record  of  Punishments.  Whether  their  Episcopal  inclinations  were  causally 
connected  with  this  circumstance,  either  as  causing  them  to  chafe  at  the  College 
regulations,  or  their  superiors  to  take  the  more  note  of  their  aberrations,  we  do 
not  know. 


EARLY  LIFE  OF  DR.  STAUNTON.  319 

remained  was  probably  about  four  to  one.  See  the  table 
given  in  Burrows'  ed.  of  the  Visitors'  Register,  pp.  494-6. 
This  table,  it  may  be  remarked,  being  based  exclusively  on 
the  Visitors'  Register,  without  comparison  with  College  docu- 
ments, does  not  always  give  the  true  designation  of  a  student. 
And  to  those  expelled  should  probably  be  added  one  Izhard, 
famulus  Praesidis  (see  p. 


Whatever  may  have  been  the  failings  or  shortcomings,  real 
or  imputed,  of  the  new  President,  Dr.  Staunton,  there  can  be 
little  question  that  he  was  the  most  eminent  of  the  newly 
appointed,  or,  as  they  were  called  by  their  antagonists,  'in- 
truded' members  of  the  College.  Edmund  Staunton1,  or 
Stanton,  was  born  at  Woburn,  Bedfordshire,  being  one  of  the 
younger  sons  of  Sir  Francis  Staunton,  Knight,  on  Oct.  30, 
1600  or  1601,  the  age  being  differently  stated  in  the  records 
of  his  admission  as  Scholar  and  Probationary  Fellow.  He 
was  admitted  Scholar  of  Corpus  on  Oct.  4,  1615,  and,  being 
the  only  Bedfordshire  Scholar  and  a  vacancy  occurring  in  the 
only  Bedfordshire  Fellowship,  was  admitted,  while  still  an 
Undergraduate,  to  a  Probationary  Fellowship,  on  March  Z2, 
i6i£.  After  a  dangerous  illness,  when  he  was  about  eighteen, 
and  a  narrow  escape  from  drowning  in  the  river,  whither  he 
had  repaired  '  alone,  to  wash  himself,'  he  had,  about  the  year 
1620,  to  use  his  own  words,  '  many  sad  and  serious  thoughts 
concerning  my  spiritual  and  eternal  estate/  leading  to  a  rigid 
self-examination,  which  resulted,  first,  in  his  'laying  about 
two  months  under  a  spirit  of  bondage,'  during  which  time  he 
'  durst  not  close  his  eyes  in  the  night  lest  he  should  awake  in 
Hell,  thinking  every  night  the  Devil  would  come  for  him  and 

1  Our  principal  authorities  for  Staunton's  Life  are  The  Life  and  Death  of  Edmund 
Staunton,  D.D.,  published  by  Richard  Mayo  (or  Mayow)  of  Kingston,  Minister  of 
the  Gospel,  London,  1673,  to  which  is  added  A  brief  relation  (chiefly)  of  his  great 
care  to  promote  religion  and  learning  in  the  College  of  which  he  was  President, 
by  Mr.  J.  M.  (?  John  Mil  ward  or  John  Martin)  ;  and  A  Short  Appendix  to  the 
Life  of  Edmund  Staunton,  D.D.,  London,  1673,  published  anonymously,  but 
written  by  Fulman,  being  a  series  of  sarcastic  strictures  on  the  former  book.  As 
Mayo  seems  to  have  known  little  or  nothing  of  University  or  College  ways,  he 
falls,  wherever  they  are  concerned,  an  easy  victim  to  Fulman. 


220     S  TAUNT  ON  AS  A  PREACHER  AND  MINISTER. 

fetch  him  away/  and  then,  in  answer  to  his  prayers,  m  his 
being  c  filled  with  a  strong  persuasion  of  the  love  of  God  to 
his  soul,  and  with  joys  unspeakable  and  full  of  glory.'  After 
taking  his  M.A.  degree,  he  selected  the  ministry  as  his 
profession,  and  commenced  his  clerical  life  as  afternoon  lec- 
turer at  Witney,  where  he  was  very  acceptable  to  the  people, 
who  flocked  in  crowds  to  hear  him,  but  not  so,  by  any 
means,  to  the  Rector  of  the  parish,  who,  after  reading  the 
prayers,  was  accustomed,  accompanied  by  his  clerk,  to  quit 
the  Church.  These  strained  relations,  it  may  be  remarked, 
were  very  common  at  that  time  between  the  Puritan  lecturers, 
who,  being  on  special  foundations,  were  entitled  to  occupy  the 
pulpits  in  the  afternoons,  and  the  old-fashioned  incumbents 
in  whose  churches  they  were  planted.  But  he  soon  quitted 
his  lectureship  at  Witney  for  the  valuable  living  of  Bushey  in 
Hertfordshire,  procured  for  him  by  his  father,  and  this  living, 
not  long  afterwards,  he  exchanged  for  that  of  Kingston  on 
Thames  in  Surrey.  At  Kingston  he  remained  for  about 
twenty  years.  '  There  he  preached  twice  on  the  Lord's  Day ' 
(it  may  be  noted  that  he  went  by  the  name  of  the  '  searching 
preacher '),  '  and  catechized  the  younger  and  ignorant  sort  of 
people ;  and  he  did  not  satisfy  himself  in  teaching  them 
publicly,  but  (though  the  place  was  large  and  populous)  he 
taught  them  also  from  house  to  house.  There  also  he  set  up 
a  weekly  lecture,  which  was  supplied,  in  their  turns,  by  as 
eminent  preachers  as  that  part  of  England  did  afford.1  Ten 
of  his  children  lie  buried  in  Kingston  Church,  where  there  is 
or  was  a  stone  over  their  grave  commemorating  the  fact  in 
somewhat  doggrel  rhyme.  While  at  Kingston,  he  took  his 
D.D.  degree  at  Oxford,  his  exercises,  according  to  his  bio- 
grapher, being  'wonderfully  applauded  by  all  that  were 
present,'  and  he  was  not  only  chosen  to  be  one  of  the 
Assembly  of  Divines  which  met  at  Westminster,  but  also  one 
of  the  six  preachers  in  the  Abbey. 

Being  thus  a  leading  Puritan  minister,  it  is  no  wonder  that, 
when  Dr.  Newlyn  was  ejected  from  the  Presidentship,  the 
Committee  of  Lords  and  Commons  should  have  selected 
Staunton,  being  a  former  Fellow  of  the  College,  to  fill  his 


HIS  REFORMS  IN  THE  COLLEGE.  221 

place.  His  nomination,  as  we  have  seen,  bears  date  May  22, 
1648,  but  he  probably  did  not  actually  come  into  residence 
till  after  Dr.  Newlyn's  ejection  on  July  n.  There  seems 
little  doubt  that,  both  as  respects  religion  and  discipline, 
if  not  learning,  though  even  as  to  that  we  have  no  evidence 
to  the  contrary,  the  College  gained  by  the  accession  of  the 
new  President. 

'  At  his  first  coming  to  the  College,'  writes  an  admiring  colleague, 
quoted  by  his  biographer,  '  he  put  in  execution,  and  that  vigorously, 
all  such  statutes  as  tended  most  to  the  advancement  of  Learning  and 
Religion,  and  was  frequently  himself  present  at  all  Lectures  and  other 
Exercises,  to  encourage  the  studious  and  reprehend  the  negligent. 
He  set  up  a  Divinity  Lecture  every  Lord's  Day  early  in  the  morning 
in  the  Colledge  Chappel,  for  the  initiating  and  exercising  the  elder 
students  in  order  to  the  work  of  the  Ministry.  He  constantly 
catechized  the  younger  sort  publiquely  in  the  Chappel  every  Saturday ' 
(of  this  catechizing  we  have  already  heard,  p.  2 1 7,  from  the  other  side, 
in  Metford's  letter  to  Reynolds).  '  He  preacht  once  or  twice  every 
Lord's  Day,  to  the  edification  and  comfort  of  many1;  besides  his 
constant  course  in  the  University  Church2  and  Colledge  Chapel, 
and  several  lectures  in  the  Country,  wehreunto  he  was  alwayes  most 

1  It  would  seem  from  Wood's  Annals,  sub  1651,  that  the  Sermon  at  Corpus  on 
a  Sunday  morning,  which  was  preached  at  the  8  o'clock  service,  was  part  of  a 
'  public  Exercise,'  open  to  all  members  of  the  University.     He  adds,  '  Stanton  also 
the  President  of  that  Coll.  did  set  up  a  Presbyterian  meeting  in  his  Lodgings  there 
every  Thursday  in  the  afternoon,  and  lasted  till  4  of  the  clock,  at  which  time  they 
were  called  away  to  Ch.  Ch.  Sermon.' 

2  The  contrast  appears  a  violent  one,  but  this  seems  to  be  the  most  convenient 
place  for  introducing  the   macaronic  verses   in  which   Staunton's  preaching  is 
described  by  an  unfriendly  hand,  John  Allibone,  D.D.,  formerly  Head-Master  of 
the  Magdalen  College  School,  in  his  Rustica  Academise  Oxoniensis  nuper  Refor- 
matse  Descriptio,  the  laments  of  a  country-parson  on  his  return  to  Oxford  after  the 
Visitors  had  begun  their  work  of  Reformation,  first  published,  anonymously,  in 
1648,  and  since  frequently  reprinted  : 


'  Suggestum  conscendebat  Fungus 

Insulsa  quseque  fundens 
So  dull  a  fool  was  never  among  us 
Pulvinar  qui  contundens. 

In  Buccam  quicquid  ebullivit 
Minaci  usus  dextra 


Boatn  magno  effutivit 

Nee  unquam  erat  "Extra.' 

Defessus  hac  Dulmannitate 

Decrevi  venerandos 
Non  adhuc  pulsos  civitate 

Amicos  salutandos.' 


In  Antony  Wood's  copy  of  these  verses,  now  in  the  Bodleian,  there  is  attached 
to  'fungus,'  the  note  '  Dr  Staunton  Pr.  C.  C.  C.';  and  to  '  Extra'  the  note  '  A  bald 


222      FREQUENT  SERMONS  AND  CATECHIZINGS. 

ready,  rather  seeking  opportunities  than  declining  them.  He  had 
every  week  a  meeting  at  his  own  lodgings  for  prayer  and  spiritual 
conference,  as  well  of  the  members  of  the  Colledge  as  others,  wherein 
himself  alwayes  bore  the  principal  part,  bringing  forth  out  of  his  store 
of  experimental  knowledg  things  new  and  old.  He  was  constantly 
present  in  publique  duties  of  worship  in  the  Chappel  morning  and 
evening,  observing  all,  and  reproving  any  that  were  negligent  and 
remiss.  He  took  great  care  to  introduce  and  elect  into  the  Colledge 
such  as  he  either  saw  or  heard  to  have  some  appearances  of  grace, 
at  least  such  as  were  docible  and  inclineable  towards  that  which  is 
good.  Spiritual  discourse  was  his  meat  and  drink ;  and,  when  he 
sat  at  meals  in  the  Colledge  Hall,  his  constant  course  was,  either 
from  the  chapter  then  read  or  from  some  occasion  or  other,  to  speak 
that  which  might  tend  to  the  instruction  of  those  who  were  present, 
and  to  call  up  their  minds  to  some  heavenly  contemplation.' 

From  the  author  of  the  Brief  Relation,  we  have  the  further  in- 
formation that  'every  Lord's  day  in  the  Evening,  he  examined  the 
younger  sort,  calling  them  to  account  about  what  they  had  heard 
that  day ;  which  was  a  likely  means  to  engage  them  to  the  greater 
attention  in  hearing,  and  to  make  the  truths,  by  their  pondering 
them,  sink  the  deeper  into  their  hearts.' 

Admirable  as  might  be,  and  probably  was,  the  spirit  of  Dr. 
Staunton's  ministrations,  and  the  zeal  which  animated  him, 
one  cannot  but  suspect  that  this  constant  succession  of  sermons, 
prayers,  conferences,  reflexions,  expositions,  catechizings,  ad- 
monitions, reproofs,  must  have  produced  such  utter  weariness 
in  the  minds  of  many  of  the  students  as  to  prove  a  hindrance 
rather  than  an  incitement  to  religious  thoughts  and  a  godly 
life.  To  others,  however,  who  were  already  of  a  devout  dis- 
position, they  may  have  furnished  just  the  spiritual  nutriment 
which  they  needed.  And  it  was  not  Staunton's  fault,  if  the 
scholars  and  other  members  of  the  foundation  were  not  thus 
inclined.  For  by  the  author  of  the  Brief  Relation  we  are 

phrase  is  good  enough  for  a  bald  Sermon.'  'Nee  unquam  erat  "Extra" '  probably 
means  '  Was  never  out '  sc.  of  the  pulpit. 

When  the  country  parson  comes  to  Corpus,  in  the  course  of  his  perambulation 
of  the  University,  he  thus  describes  its  condition  : 

'Ad  Corpus  Christi  flecto  gressum 

Qua  brevitate  possum 
Jurares  novis  probris  pressum 
Et  furibus  confossum.' 


STAUNTON' S  RIGOROUS  RULE.  223 

informed  that,  so  far  as  his  influence  extended,  he  '  always  let 
Piety  have  the  honour  to  turn  the  scale.'  We  can  only  hope 
that  he  had  insight  enough  to  discern  when  the  piety  was 
real,  and  when  assumed. 

On  June  15,  1652,  Staunton,  who,  it  may  be  remarked, 
unlike  Dr.  Reynolds,  Dean  of  Ch.  Ch.,  had  already  submitted 
to  the  '  Engagement/  was  nominated  by  the  Committee  of 
Parliament  to  be  on  the  new  Board  of  Visitors,  which  was 
limited  to  ten.  But,  as  no  effectual  order  was  taken  by  Par- 
liament on  the  matter,  Cromwell,  as  Lord  General,  on  his  own 
responsibility,  appointed  them  to  act  for  a  limited  period  only. 
On  the  third  Board  of  Visitors,  nominated  by  the  Lord  Pro- 
tector about  two  years  afterwards,  Staunton's  name  does  not 
occur.  The  former,  which  was  the  second  Board,  had  been 
nominated  under  the  influence  of  Dr.  John  Owen,  Reynolds' 
successor  in  the  Deanery  of  Ch.  Ch. ;  the  latter  was  nominated 
under  the  influence  of  Dr.  Thomas  Goodwin,  President  of 
Magdalen  Coll.,  who,  though  also  an  Independent,  was  now  a 
rival  of  Owen. 

Dr.  Staunton  seems,  if  we  may  judge  from  the  College 
records  still  extant,  to  have  been  a  good  man  of  business,  and 
to  have  ruled  the  College  rigorously  and  wisely,  though,  very 
early  in  his  Presidentship,  there  are  signs  of  dissensions  among 
the  Fellows,  due,  possibly,  to  differences  between  the  rival 
factions  of  Presbyterians  and  Independents.  Any  way,  he 
knew  how  to  maintain  his  authority.  In  the  record  of  punish- 
ments, made  in  the  handwriting  of  the  culprits  themselves,  we 
find  that,  in  1651,  four  of  the  scholars  were  put  out  of  com- 
mons '  usque  ad  dignam  emendationem,'  '  till  they  had  learnt 
to  mend  their  ways,'  for  sitting  in  the  President's  presence 
with  their  caps  on.  The  discipline  appears  to  have  been 
almost  exceptionally  stringent  at  this  time.  Amongst  other 
curious  entries,  we  find  that  Edward  Fowler,  one  of  the  clerks 
(subsequently  Bishop  of  Gloucester),  was  similarly  deprived  of 
his  commons  for  throwing  bread  at  the  opposite  windows  of 
the  students  of  Ch.  Ch.  ('  eo  quod  alumnos  Aedis  Christi  pane 
projecto  in  tumultum  provocavi ').  Two  scholars  who  had 
been  found  walking  in  the  town,  without  their  gowns,  about 


224     STAUNTON'S  LIFE  AFTER  HIS  DEPRIVATION. 

ten  o'clock  at  night,  were  put  out  of  commons  for  a  week,  and 
ordered,  one  to  write  out,  in  Greek,  all  the  more  notable  parts 
of  Aristotle's  Ethics,  the  other  to  write  out,  and  commit  to 
memory,  all  the  definitions  and  divisions  of  Burgersdyk's 
Logic.  Another  scholar,  for  having  in  his  room  some  out- 
college men  without  leave  and  then  joining  with  them  in 
creating  a  disturbance,  was  sentenced  to  be  kept  hard  at  work 
in  the  library,  from  morning  to  evening  prayers,  for  a  month, 
a  severe  form  of  punishment  which  seems  not  to  have  been 
uncommon  at  this  time.  Under  the  Puritan  regime  there  was 
certainly  no  danger  of  the  retrogression  of  discipline. 

As  a  result  of  the  Restoration,  Staunton  was,  in  his  turn, 
ejected  from  the  President's  Lodgings  on  August  3,  1660, 
Newlyn  having  been  restored  to  his  former  position  by  the 
Royal  Commissioners,  sitting  in  the  Convocation  House,  only 
three  days  before,  on  July  31.  To  the  great  grief  of  his 
friends,  as  we  are  told  by  his  biographer,  he  thought  it  ad- 
visable to  withdraw  from  Oxford  altogether,  and  he  retired,  in 
the  first  instance,  to  Rickmansworth,  a  small  town  in  Hert- 
fordshire, from  which,  as  a  centre,  he  ministered  in  various 
parishes  around.  On  St.  Bartholomew's  Day,  1662,  however, 
he  was  silenced,  like  other  Nonconformists,  and  seems,  after 
remaining  at  Rickmansworth  about  two  years  longer,  to  have 
made  frequent  moves  from  place  to  place,  living  in  private 
families,  and  exercising  his  ministerial  functions  in  a  private, 
it  being  no  longer  legal  to  exercise  them  in  a  public,  manner. 
Or  possibly  he  may  have  been  led  by  his  religious  zeal  and 
his  love  of  preaching  to  outstep  the  law ;  for  '  his  great  suf- 
ferings and  often  imprisonments,'  to  which  the  author  of  the 
Brief  Relation  alludes,  may  with  most  probability  be  referred 
to  this  period  of  his  life.  It  is  satisfactory  to  find  that  his 
misfortunes  were  not  aggravated  by  pecuniary  difficulties,  as 
his  biographer  tells  us  that  '  God  lent  him  a  competent  estate, 
and  (which  is  better)  gave  him  a  heart  to  lend  it  back  again 
unto  Him.'  His  last  remove  was  to  a  place  called  Bovingdon, 
where  and  at  the  neighbouring  towns,  such  as  St.  Alban's, 
'  seeing  he  could  not  preach  in  a  Church  to  many,  he  would 
preach  in  a  Chamber  to  a  few.'  Here  he  died  on  the  I4th  of 


COMPLAINTS  OF  THE  JUNIOR  FELLOWS.        225 

July,  1671 l,  and  was  buried  in  the  parish  church,  where  there 
is  or  was  '  a  fair  stone '  bearing  an  inscription  to  his  memory. 
Though  so  constant  a  preacher,  and  occupying  so  prominent 
a  position  amongst  those  of  his  own  beliefs,  he  has  left  no 
literary  remains  behind  him,  except  a  few  occasional  sermons 
and  two  tracts,  entitled  '  A  Dialogue  between  a  Minister  and 
a  Stranger  '  and  *  A  Treatise  of  Christian  Conference/  These 
contain  much  the  same  matter,  and  are  written  in  much  the 
same  manner,  as  other  Puritan  compositions  of  the  period. 

The  College  records,  though  tolerably  full  during  the  period 
of  Dr.  Staunton's  Presidency,  are  mainly  occupied  with  orders, 
of  little  general  interest,  concerning  the  College  property,  to 
which  considerable  attention  seems  to  have  been  given,  with 
admissions,  punishments,  of  which  a  list  will  be  given  in  an 
Appendix,  and  the  ordinary  leaves  of  absence.  The  few 
events  on  record,  of  more  general  interest,  which  have  not 
already  been  mentioned  or  which  have  been  merely  alluded 
to,  may  be  enumerated  as  follows  : 

There  is  extant  a  curious  document  addressed  to  Staunton 
as  President,  who  was  then  apparently  absent  from  Oxford, 
signed  by  seven  of  the  newly  made  Fellows,  and  dated 
January  2,  164!,  only  a  few  months  after  the  new  regime 
began.  The  subscribers,  who  were  all  Bachelors  of  Arts, 
complain  bitterly  of  the  'unhappy  breaches,'  which  they 
'  groan  under/  of  the  '  exasperation '  of  the  Masters  (i.  e. 
M.  A.  Fellows),  and  of  the  '  rigid  government  of  the  College ' 
as  '  a  burden  insupportable.'  But,  they  add,  '  we  were  and 
are  contented  to  bear  what  we  can,  until  the  Visitors,  with 
the  assistance  of  your  Worship's  favour,  shall  ease  us/  It  is 
notable  that  they  seem,  throughout,  to  assume  Staunton's 
sympathy  with  them,  and  that,  in  his  absence,  they  had 
consulted  their  '  noble  and  worthily  honoured  friend,  Mr. 
Wilkinson'  (that  is,  Mr.  Henry  Wilkinson,  one  of  the  Visitors). 
This  probably  was  merely  a  revolt,  on  the  part  of  the  Junior 

1  In  Wood's  Diary,  sub  June  1671  (ed.  Clark,  vol.  ii.  p.  224),  there  is  the 
entry  :  '  Dr  Edmund  Stanton  died  this  month  under  a  hedg,  suddenly  in  a 
journey — qusere.' 

Q 


226  THE  COLLEGE  AS  RE-CONSTITUTED. 

Fellows,  having  no  reference  to  religious  or  political  differences, 
against  the  over-severe  discipline  of  their  Seniors,  aggravated 
by  a  dispute  then  raging  in  the  College  about  the  admission 
to  actuality  of  one  William  Parsons,  a  scholar  who  had  sub- 
mitted to  the  Visitation,  and  whose  claims  to  seniority  collided 
with  those  of  the  recently  created  Junior  Fellows.  So  high 
sometimes  did  personal  disputes  of  this  kind  rise  in  a  College, 
that,  alluding  to  this  matter  of  Mr.  Parsons,  they  write  :  '  This 
is  the  reason  that  the  Masters  are  soe  much  displeased  with 
and  act  soe  vigorously  against  us  in  the  Colledg,  with  the 
honourable  Visitours  and  souldery  (soldiery),  that  they  may 
render  us  the  more  odious  in  the  eyes  of  them,  and,  conse- 
quently, more  invalid  to  proceed  against  him.' 

The  number  of  Fellows  and  Scholars  admitted  by  order  of 
the  Visitors  amounted  altogether  to  forty,  the  exact  number 
prescribed  by  the  Statutes  x,  and  the  admissions  range  from 
July  14,  1648,  to  June  26,  1651,  though  the  last  entry  in 
Hegge's  Catalogue,  that  of  William  Long,  Scholar,  is  difficult 
to  account  for,  as  it  does  not  occur  either  in  the  Visitors' 
Register  or  in  the  College  Register  of  Admissions 2.  The 
list  includes  certain  old  members  of  the  College,  namely 
Samuel  Ladyman,  formerly  Servitor,  now  Fellow,  Josiah 
Lane,  formerly  Clerk,  now  Scholar,  Thomas  Johnson,  formerly 
Scholar,  re-admitted  Oct.  13,  1648,  William  Parsons,  formerly 
Scholar,  now  Fellow,  Zachary  Bogan,  formerly  Fellow,  re- 
admitted Nov.  2,  1648,  and  Richard  Warre,  formerly  Scholar, 
whose  election  had  been  annulled  by  the  Visitors,  but  who 
was  re-admitted  Dec.  18,  1648.  The  Buttery  Book,  on  Jan. 
26,  164!,  shews  that  Noel  Sparkes  retained  his  Fellowship, 
and  that  there  were  then  18  Fellows  and  20  Scholars.  All 
these,  with  the  exception  of  Sparkes,  occur  in  Hegge's  Cata- 
logue, as  having  been  appointed  or  re-appointed  by  the 
Visitors,  so  that  at  this  time  the  College  may  be  regarded  as 

1  But  they  are  distributed  as  23  Scholars  and  17  Fellows,  and  the  coincidence 
seems  to  be  accidental. 

2  His  name  occurs,  amongst  the  Scholars,  in  the  Buttery  Book  of  1651,  and  he 
first  battels  on  June  27,  the  day  after  the  date  of  his  admission  as  recorded  in 
Hegge's  Catalogue.     But  there  is  nothing  there  to  shew  whether  he  was  freely 
elected  by  the  College  or  appointed  by  the  Visitors. 


CONSERVATIVE  ACTION  OF  THE   VISITORS.       227 

re-constituted,  two  Fellowships  only  remaining  vacant.  The 
new  Fellows  and  Scholars  were  imported  largely  from  Cam- 
bridge and  New  Inn  Hall l. 

On  January  10,  i6||,  begins  the  list  of  Fellows  and  Scholars 
elected  by  the  College,  in  accordance  with  the  Statutes,  one 
of  the  earliest  being  Francis  Staunton,  the  President's  son. 
If  William  Long,  already  mentioned,  be  included  in  the  list 
nominated  by  the  Visitors,  the  dates  of  the  two  lists  overlap, 
but  not  otherwise.  Fifty  names  occur  altogether  in  the  second 
list,  the  last  admission  being  dated  July  16,  1660,  shortly 
before  Staunton's  ejection.  The  number  in  proportion  to  the 
time  is  so  abnormally  large,  that,  though  there  is  no  positive 
evidence,  it  seems  reasonable  to  conjecture  that  the  ascendency 
of  the  Independents  must  have  displaced  some  of  the  Fellows 
and  Scholars  nominated  during  the  Presbyterian  rule. 

After  the  right  of  election  was  restored  to  the  College,  the 
vacancies  were  all  filled  up,  as  formerly,  from  the  Counties 
and  Dioceses  favoured  by  the  Founder's  Statutes.  It  had 
been  impossible  for  the  Visitors,  as  they  themselves  say  in  a 
document  dated  July  29,  1649,  'to  find  fit  persons  born  in 
statutable  counties  to  succeed  such  as  were  ejected  from  the 
several  Colleges  by  authority  of  Parliament,'  but,  with  the 
law-abiding  habits  of  Englishmen,  they  were  anxious  that, 
for  the  future,  the  Statutes  of  all  the  Colleges  should  be 
punctually  observed  in  this  respect.  Hence,  according  to  a 
scheme  propounded  to  them  by  the  College,  the  existing 
Fellows  and  Scholars,  most  of  whom  had  been  nominated  by 
themselves  without  regard  to  the  local  restrictions,  were  as- 
signed to  the  different  dioceses  and  counties  designated  in  the 
Statutes,  and  then,  as  vacancies  occurred,  the  reputed  places 
could  be  rilled  by  persons  actually  possessing  the  statutable 
qualification. 

On  Aug.  13  of  this  year,  the  President,  Mr.  Milward,  who 
had  been  nominated  by  the  Visitors  Fellow  and  Vice-Pre- 
sident,  and  Mr.  John  Ford,  who  had  been  nominated  Fellow 
and  Junior  Dean,  were  included  amongst  seventeen  persons, 
who  were  desired  '  to  be  assistant  to  the  number  of  Delegates 

1  See  Burrows'  Ed.  of  the  Visitors'  Register,  pp.  497-8. 
Q  2 


228    COLLEGE  LO  YALTY  OF  THE  EXPELLED  MEMBERS. 

formerly  chosen  by  the  Visitors,'  thus  shewing  the  influence 
exercised  by  the  College,  at  that  time,  in  the  settlement  of 
the  University. 

In  a  book  of  College  Orders,  &c.,  kept  during  Dr.  Staunton's 
Presidency,  there  is  the  following  order,  with  reference  to 
the  Clerks  or  'acolytes,'  as  they  are  called  in  the  original 
Statutes,  which  is  worth  noticing  as  characteristic  of  the 
times : 

Aug.  n,  1653.  'Wheras,  by  the  Statutes1,  the  Clarkes  had 
constant  employment,  the  one  as  Pulsator  Campanae,  the 
other  as  Modulator  Organorum,  there  being  now  no  use  of  one 
part  of  their  employment,  it  is  now  ordered  that  they  shall, 
in  lieu  thereof,  take  care  for  to  beginne  in  the  singing  of  the 
Psalme.'  The  'part  of  their  employment,'  for  which  there 
was  '  now  no  use,'  was,  of  course,  the  playing  the  organ. 

In  the  same  book,  there  are  two  memoranda,  dated  Oct.  21, 
1653,  which  reflect  credit  on  the  expelled  Royalists,  one  of 
whom  is  nameless,  the  other  Mr.  Robert  Newlyn,  the  ejected 
Steward,  even  though  the  spirit  of  College  loyalty  may 
possibly  have  been  reinforced  by  the  fear  of  a  prosecution  : 

'Memorandum,  that  a  basket  mal'd  up  with  Cords  and  stuffed 
with  strawe  wherein  was  two  silver  flaggons,  two  Cupps  with  Covers, 
Cista  sigilli  in  which  were  two  Comon  Seales,  the  Charta  ffundacionis 
and  Mortmain  Henr.  Oct.  and  originalis  Charta  "Ricardi  ffox  ffun- 
dator,  with  a  Napkin  key  and  purse 2,  was  left  by  a  messenger  (that 
sayd  hee  broughte  it  from  the  wharfe)  in  Mr.  Rowney's*  Malt- 
house  with  his  Maltman  and  from  thence  brought  by  Tom  Wall 
to  the  College,  and  there  the  Basket  was  opened.  The  Basket  was 
thus  directed — leave  these  with  Mr  Rowney  for  Dr  Staunton  at 
C.  C.  C.  in  Oxon.' 

1  For  the  duties  of  the  Clerks,  see  p.  48  of  this  Work. 

a  All  these  objects,  with  the  exception  of  the  napkin,  and,  perhaps,  the  key,  are 
still  in  the  possession  of  the  College.  The  two  silver  (gilt)  flagons  are  of  the 
date  1598-9,  the'cups  with  covers,  one  of  1515,  the  other  of  1533.  The  College 
possesses  a  disused  great  seal,  in  addition  to  the  one  now  in  use,  besides  the 
smaller  seal  used  for  testimonials. 

3  One  Mr.  Thomas  Rowney  was  made  Clerk  of  Accompts  (or  Steward,  the 
same  office  which  Robert  Newlyn  had  held)  on  Dec.  1 2  of  this  year.  He  may 
have  been  the  same  person  as  this  Mr.  Rowney,  or  at  least  of  the  same  family. 
The  Rowneys  were  at  one  time  a  leading  family  in  Oxford. 


DISPOSITION  OF  INCREASED  REVENUES.        229 

'Memorandum,  that  there  was  delivered  into  the  Coll.  by  Mr. 
Rob.  Newlin,  late  Steward,  2  lease-books,  2  Court-bookes,  Bailives 
book,  book  of  Rentalls,  the  Admission-book,  grant-book,  divers 
yearly  books  of  the  Bursary,  6  Mappes  or  Descriptions  of  Lands,  a 
Survey  of  the  Manour  of  North-grove,  debt-books,  many  counter- 
parts of  leases,  a  Ring1;  upon  receipt  whereof  it  was  agreed  the 
proceedings  against  Dr  Newlin,  the  said  Rob*  Newlin,  Mr  Eeles 
<i.  e.  Eales,  an  ejected  Chaplain)  should  be  stopped  untill  Hilary 
Terme  next,  and  that  no  proceedings  afterwards  should  be  made, 
unless  the  Company  shall  conceive  speciall  cause  for  the  same, 
and,  if  they  find  any  such  cause,  then  they,  before  any  further 
proceedings,  will  give  notice  thereof  at  the  now-dwelling-house  of 
the  said  Dr  Newlin.' 

'Memorandum  likewise,  that  at  the  same  time  the  Company, 
considering  Mr.  Newlin's  ingenuous  dealing  and  pains  in  bringing 
in  the  said  Colledge  goods  afore  mentioned  (he  also  promising  to 
further  assist),  gave  him  the  sum  of  five  pounds.' 

We  have  already  had  abundant  evidence,  in  the  course  of 
this  history,  of  the  troubles  and  disputes  occasioned  by  the 
increasing  revenues  of  the  College  and  the  rise  in  the  value 
of  money.  The  revenues  now  far  exceeded  the  sums  needed 
for  satisfying  the  allowances  prescribed  by  the  Founder, 
whereas  these  allowances  themselves  had  been  rendered 
totally  inadequate,  partly  by  the  lower  purchasing  power  of 
the  precious  metals,  and  partly  by  the  improved  style  of 
living.  The  question  then  was  what  to  do  with  the  money 
which  remained  over  and  above,  after  the  statutable  allocations 
had  been  satisfied.  The  dictate  of  common  sense  was  surely 
that,  taking  into  account  all  the  allowances  together, — for 
lodging,  food,  raiment,  pension,  or  whatever  it  might  be, — 
the  surplus  revenue  should  be  distributed  amongst  the  various 
members  of  the  foundation  in  the  same  proportion  as  the  ag- 
gregate sum  to  which  these  allowances  in  each  case  amounted. 
And  this  principle  which,  had  it  been  recognised  at  an  earlier 
period,  would  have  saved  the  College  from  many  bitter  feuds, 

1  Can  this  be  the  Founder's  Ring,  handed  on  from  President  to  President, 
described  on  p.  84  ? 


230     THE  NEW  ORDER  GIVES  PLACE  TO  THE  OLD. 

was,  apparently1,  so  far  as  we  can  judge  from  the  brief  order 
which  follows,  the  one  adopted  by  the  Visitors : 

May  10,  1655.  'Whereas,  since  the  Foundation  of  Corpus  Christi 
Colledge,  Oxon:  there  hath  beene  severall  additionall  revenues, 
which  is  conceived  should  (according  to  the  letter  or  reason  of  the 
Statutes)  be  divided  proportionably  to  each  one's  Statutable  allow- 
ance :  It  is  now  ordered  by  the  Visitors  of  the  University :  That 
the  President  of  the  said  Colledge,  or  in  his  absence  the  Vice- 
President,  with  any  three  of  the  seven  Seniors,  doe  consider  what 
the  revenues  of  the  said  Colledge  are,  and  how  they  ought  to  be 
divided  in  their  proportions  according  to  the  equity  of  the  Statutes.' 

Here  it  may  be  noticed  that  when,  in  1649,  the  Visitors 
asked  for  an  account  of  the  value  of  the  various  Headships 
which  needed  augmentation,  Corpus  was  one  of  the  six  Col- 
leges not  included,  its  Headship  being  regarded  as  one  of  the 
most  valuable  in  the  University. 

On  October  9,  1656,  the  Visitors  make  an  order  that  the 
exposition  of  the  Bible  in  the  College  Hall,  prescribed  in  the 
Founder's  Statutes,  shall  be  intermitted  every  other  week,  and 
its  place  taken  by  a  Sermon,  'about  an  houre  long,'  in  the 
College  Chapel  on  the  Sunday  morning  of  the  week  in  which 
the  exposition  is  intermitted.  It  would  seem,  from  this  order, 
as  if  the  Sunday  Morning  Sermons,  already  spoken  of  in 
connexion  with  Dr.  Staunton,  had  fallen  into  abeyance. 

The  last  entry  in  the  Order  Book  of  the  Parliamentary  Presi- 
dent and  Fellows  was  made  on  July  4,  1660,  the  last  admis- 
sion on  July  1 6,  and,  as  we  have  seen,  Newlyn  was  restored 
to  the  Presidentship  on  July  31,  and  Staunton  ejected  from 
the  President's  Lodgings  on  August  3.  Reversing  the  usual 
order,  the  new  state  of  things  had  given  place  to  the  old,  and 
the  interval  of  academical  government  by  the  Parliamentary 
Visitors  soon  seemed  as  if  it  had  never  been. 

Of  the  ninety  members  of  the  Foundation  appointed  or 
elected  during  Staunton's  Presidency,  but  few  attained  to 
subsequent  eminence.  The  following  may  be  enumerated : 

1  I  say  '  apparently,'  because  the  word  '  allowance,'  in  the  Visitors'  order,  might 
be  confined  to  the  '  Pensions '  only,  for  which  see  Statutes,  ch.  37. 


ADMISSIONS  DURING  THIS  PERIOD.  231 

John  Rowe,  an  eminent  Presbyterian  Minister,  and  voluminous 
author,  one  of  the  preachers  at  Westminster  Abbey,  admitted 
in  1648 ;  Joseph  Allen  or  Allein,  also  a  noted  Puritan 
writer,  whose  life  was  written  by  Baxter,  admitted  in  1651  ; 
and  John  Roswel  or  Rosewell,  the  excellent  Tutor  of  whom 
we  shall  hear  presently *,  and  subsequently  Head  Master  of 
Eton,  a  liberal  donor  to  the  C.  C.  C.  Library,  admitted  in 
1653.  Outside  the  list  of  Fellows  and  Scholars  may  be  men- 
tioned Edward  Fowler,  admitted  Clerk  in  1650  and  Chaplain 
in  1653,  subsequently,  as  Bishop  of  Gloucester,  one  of  the 
leading  prelates  in  William  the  Third's  time,  and  a  principal 
representative  of  what  was  called  the  Latitudinarian  School 
of  Divinity. 

1  See  p.  234. 


CHAPTER  VIII. 

THE  RESTORATION  AND  THE  PERIOD  OF  THE  LATER  STUARTS. 

NEWLYN  had  not  long  been  restored  to  the  Presidentship, 
before  an  order  of  the  Royal  Commissioners,  dated  Aug.  22, 
was  served  upon  him  for  the  ejection  of  certain  of  the  '  in- 
truded '  and  the  restoration  of  certain  of  the  ejected  fellows, 
the  parts  being  now  completely  reversed.  According  to  the 
official  document,  still  extant  in  the  College  archives,  the  now 
ejected  Fellows  were  Samuel  By  field,  John  Sayer,  Josiah 
Lane,  William  Gardner,  Thomas  Malthus,  and  Thomas  Wight; 
the  restored  Fellows,  or  rather  Scholars  who  were  now  to  be 
placed  in  the  Fellowships  which  they  would  have  otherwise 
occupied,  had  it  not  been  for  their  ejection,  were  William 
Fulman,  William  Coldham,  Norton  Bold,  James  Metford,  and 
Thomas  Yeomans  (or  Immings).  But  a  List,  drawn  up  by 
Mr.  Joshua  Reynolds  (Metford's  Correspondent,  already  re- 
ferred to),  now  in  MSS.  J.  Walker,  c.  8,  fol.  245,  adds  to  the 
list  of  restored  Fellows  Dr.  James  Hyde  and  Mr.  Richard 
Samwayes,  agreeing  therein  with  the  list  given  at  the  begin- 
ning of  the  College  Register  for  1660  and  following  years, 
and  substitutes  for  Thomas  Wight,  the  now  ejected  Fellow, 
the  name  of  John  Peachell.  Both  Wight  and  Peachell  must 
have  been  ejected,  as  their  names  are  affixed  to  College 
Orders  on  the  very  eve  of  the  Restoration,  but  do  not  occur 
in  the  list  of  Fellows  given  at  the  beginning  of  the  Restoration 
Register,  just  mentioned.  The  number  of  ejected  Fellows 
(seven)  is  thus  equated  with  the  number  of  restored  Fellows. 
At  the  same  time,  Edward  Eales,  according  to  Joshua  Rey- 
nolds, was  restored  to  his  Chaplaincy,  one  of  the  then 
Chaplains,  but  we  do  not  know  which,  being  ejected  to  make 


SECOND  PRESIDENCY  OF  ROBERT  NEWLYN.     233 

room  for  him.  According  to  the  same  authority,  Mr.  Robert 
Newlyn  again  became  Steward  (Clericus  Computi),  Henry 
Price,  Cook,  and  Thomas  Bowden,  formerly  Porter,  became 
Butler1.  These  seem  to  have  been  all  the  alterations  made  in 
the  personnel  of  the  College.  Joshua  Reynolds  remarks  that 
'  all  the  rest  of  our  ejected  members  were  either  dead,  marryed, 
or  preferred,  except  Jo.  Betts,  who  turned  Papist.' 

What  became  of  Dr.  Newlyn  during  the  twelve  years  he 
was  c  outed '  from  the  Presidentship,  we  do  not  know,  except 
that,  as  we  are  informed  by  Wood  (Life  and  Times,  ed. 
Clark,  vol.  iii.  p.  258),  he  and  his  wife  had  nothing  to 
maintain  them  but  a  jointure  of  £40  a  year,  bequeathed  to 
her  by  her  former  husband.  The  years  of  adversity  through 
which  he  passed  certainly  do  not  appear  to  have  improved  his 
character.  Nor  does  the  College  seem  to  have  gained  in 
learning,  discipline,  or  quiet,  by  the  change  of  government. 
The  constant  appeals  to,  or  intervention  of,  the  Visitor  reveal- 
ing to  us-,  as  they  do,  the  internal  dissensions  of  the  Society 
itself,  recall  the  troubled  days  of  Cole's  presidency.  And 
Newlyn  himself  seems  to  have  been  largely  to  blame  for  this 
disorganized  condition  of  the  College.  His  government  appears 
to  have  been  lax,  and  his  nepotism,  even  for  those  days,  was 
remarkable.  During  the  first  fourteen  years  after  his  return, 
no  less  than  four  Newlyns  are  found  in  the  list  of  scholars, 
while,  in  the  list  of  clerks  and  choristers  (places  exclusively  in 
the  gift  of  the  President),  the  name  Newlyn,  for  many  years 
after  his  return,  occurs  more  frequently  than  all  other  names 
taken  together2.  It  would  appear  as  if  there  had  been 
a  perennial  supply  of  grand-nephews 3,  to  stop  the  avenues  of 
preferment  to  less  favoured  students. 

1  This  statement  is  incorrect,  as  it  appears  from  the  College  Register  (vol.  i.) 
that  James  Man  was  appointed  by  the  Royal  Commissioners,  Aug.  n,  1660. 

8  James  Parkinson,  a  Scholar  (admitted  167 £),  was  ejected  '  for  abusing  some 
of  the  relations  of  Dr  R.  Neulin,  the  President,  and  for  saying  that  it  was  a 
scandalous  matter  to  be  a  Neulin,'  &c.  Afterwards,  he  became  a  Fellow  and  well- 
known  Tutor  of  Lincoln.  See  Wood's  Ath.  Ox.  One  of  the  Newlins  (Robert, 
elected  Scholar  1674),  together  with  another  Scholar,  John  Bradshaw,  broke  into 
the  room  of  one  of  the  Senior  Fellows,  robbed  him,  and  attempted  to  murder  him 
in  his  sleep.  See  further  on,  p.  254,  under  the  year  1677. 

3  See  above,  under  Newlyn's  first  Presidency,  pp.  194-5,  note  2. 


334      JOHN  POTENGE&S  ELECTION  AS  SCHOLAR. 

Before  undertaking  the  task  of  recording  the  dissensions  in 
the  College  and  its  unsatisfactory  relations  with  its  Visitor, 
I  will  turn  to  a  more  pleasing  topic — a  contemporary  account1 
of  his  studies  and  intercourse  with  his  tutor,  left  by  one  of 
the  scholars  of  this  period,  John  Potenger,  elected  to  a 
Hampshire  Scholarship  in  1664.  From  the  account  of  his 
candidature,  it  appears  that,  even  then,  there  was  an  effective 
examination  for  the  scholarships,  though  it  only  lasted  a  day 
and  seems  to  have  been  entirely  vivd  voce.  It  is  curious 
to  find  Potenger  largely  attributing  his  success  to  his  age, 
'  being  some  years  younger '  than  his  rivals  2,  '  a  circumstance 
much  considered  by  the  electors.'  Can  the  well-known 
preference  of  the  Corpus  electors  for  boyish  candidates  in  the 
days  of  Arnold  and  Keble,  and  even  to  a  date  within  the 
memory  of  living  members  of  the  College,  have  been  a 
tradition  from  the  seventeenth  century?  It  appears  that  the 
tutor  was  then  selected  by  the  student's  friends.  '  I  had  the 
good  fortune,'  says  Potenger,  '  to  be  put  to  Mr.  John  Roswell ' 
(afterwards  Head  Master  of  Eton  and  a  great  benefactor  of  the 
Corpus  library),  '  a  man  eminent  for  learning  and  piety,  whose 
care  and  diligence  ought  gratefully  to  be  remembered  by  me  as 
long  as  I  live.  I  think  he  preserved  me  from  ruin  at  my  first 
setting  out  into  the  world.  He  did  not  only  endeavour  to  make 
his  pupils  good  scholars,  but  good  men.  He  narrowly  watched 
my  conversation'  (i.e.  behaviour),  'knowing  I  had  too  many 
acquaintance  in  the  University  that  I  was  fond  of,  though  they 
were  not  fit  for  me.  Those  he  disliked  he  would  not  let  me 
converse  with,  which  I  regretted  much,  thinking  that,  now  I 
was  come  from  school,  I  was  to  manage  myself  as  I  pleased, 
which  occasioned  many  differences  between  us  for  the  first 

1  My  attention  was  directed  to  the  rare  book,  which  contains  this  account,  by 
Mr.  C.  H.  Firth  of  Balliol  College.  It  is  entitled  The  Private  Memoirs  of  John 
Potenger,  Esq.,  edited  by  C.  W.  Bingham,  and  was  published  by  Hamilton, 
Adams  &  Co.  in  1841.  Since  I  wrote  this  portion  of  my  work,  extracts  from  this 
and  many  other  '  Reminiscences  of  Oxford '  have  been  published  by  the  Oxford 
Historical  Society  (1892). 

3  And  yet,  at  the  date  of  his  admission,  he  was  more  than  16  years  old.  Even 
in  the  early  part  of  the  present  century,  there  were  many  admissions  of  scholars 
younger  than  Potenger,  as  I  shall  point  out,  when  I  arrive  at  that  period. 


ACCOUNT  OF  HIS  COLLEGE  LIFE.  235 

two  years,  which  ended  in  an  entire  friendship  on  both  sides.' 
Potenger  '  did  not  immediately  enter  upon  logick  and  philo- 
sophy, but  was  kept  for  a  full  year  to  the  reading  of  classical 
authors,  and  making  of  theams  in  prose  and  verse/  The 
students  still  spoke  Latin  at  dinner  and  supper ;  and  con- 
sequently, at  first,  'his  words  were  few.'  There  were  still 
disputations  in  the  hall,  requiring  a  knowledge  of  logic  and 
philosophy;  but  Potenger's  taste  was  mainly  for  the  com- 
position of  Latin  and  English  verse  and  for  declamations. 
His  poetical  efforts  were  so  successful,  that  his  tutor  gave 
him  several  books  'for  an  encouragement.'  For  his  Bachelor's 
degree  he  had  to  perform  not  only  public  exercises  in  the 
schools,  but  private  exercises  in  the  College,  a  custom  which 
survived  long  after  this  time.  One  of  these  was  a  reading  in 
the  College  Hall  upon  Horace.  '  I  opened  my  lectures  with 
a  speech  which  I  thought  pleased  the  auditors  as  well  as 
myself.'  After  taking  his  degree  he  fell  into  vicious  habits 
which,  though  commenced  in  Oxford,  were  completed  by 
his  frequent  visits  to  London.  '  Though  I  was  so  highly 
criminal,  yet  I  was  not  so  notorious  as  to  incur  the  censure 
of  the  Governors  of  the  College  or  the  University,  but  for 
sleeping  out  morning  prayer,  for  which  I  was  frequently 
punished.'  'The  two  last  years  I  stayed  in  the  University, 
I  was  Bachelour  of  Arts,  and  I  spent  most  of  my  time  in 
reading  books  which  were  not  very  common,  as  Milton's 
works,  Hobbs  his  Leviathan ;  but  they  never  had  the  power 
to  subvert  the  principles  which  I  had  received  of  a  good 
Christian  and  a  good  subject.'  The  exercises  for  his  Master 
of  Arts  degree  he  speaks  of,  as  if  they  were  difficult  and 
laborious. 

In  the  summer  of  1663,  there  arose  a  hot  dispute  in  the 
College  with  respect  to  the  allegation  that  Fulman  had 
forfeited  his  Fellowship  by  not  entering  Priest's  orders  within 
the  period,  dating  from  his  Regency  as  Master  of  Arts, 
which  was  prescribed  by  the  Statutes.  The  Vice-President 
(Immings),  taking  advantage  of  the  absence  of  the  President, 
had,  at  the  urgent  instance  of  Daniel  Agas,  the  Junior  Dean, 


336"     A   GENERAL   VISITATION  OF  THE  COLLEGE. 

actually  gone  to  the  length  of  expelling  him.  Whatever 
might  be  the  interpretation  of  the  Statute  on  assuming 
Holy  Orders,  which  was  disputed,  there  could  be  no  doubt 
that  the  Vice-President  had  largely  exceeded  his  powers  by 
expelling  a  Fellow  with  the  consent  of  only  a  single  officer 
of  the  College.  The  case,  as  a  doubtful  one,  was  referred  by 
the  President  and  a  large  majority  of  the  Fellows  to  the  de- 
cision of  the  Visitor,  George  Morley,  formerly  Canon  and  lately 
Dean  of  Ch.  Ch,,  now  Bp.  of  Winchester.  Morley,  deferring  the 
more  general  question  of  the  interpretation  of  the  Statute,  for 
a  definitive  judgment,  gave  an  ad  interim  decision,  on  the 
particular  case,  that,  if  Fulman  entered  Deacon's  orders  and 
then  Priest's  orders  within  certain  prescribed  times,  he  should 
be  left  in  undisturbed  possession  of  his  Fellowship.  But 
many  of  the  Fellows,  for  this  and  other  reasons,  were  anxious 
for  a  general  visitation  of  the  College,  and,  on  the  6th  of 
July,  1663,  five  of  the  Senior  Fellows,  and  two  College 
officers,  including  Benjamin  Parry,  William  Fulman,  and 
John  Rosewell  (the  President,  it  will  be  noticed,  not  joining), 
petitioned  the  Visitor  '  to  visit  the  College  in  such  manner  as 
his  Lordship  in  his  wisedome  shall  judge  most  agreeable  to 
the  Statutes.'  Accordingly,  in  the  following  year  (June  22, 
1664),  Morley,  who  had  only  recently  come  to  his  see,  cited 
all  persons  on  the  foundation  of  the  College  to  appear,  for 
visitation,  in  the  Chapel  on  July  25  following.  On  July  19, 
the  Bishop,  who,  according  to  Wood x,  came  also  to  visit  the 
other  Colleges  under  his  jurisdiction,  arrived  in  Oxford  late  in 
the  evening,  and  took  up  his  lodging  at  Christ  Church,  his  old 
College,  probably  as  the  guest  of  the  Dean.  On  July  20, 
'  he  went  to  Magdalen  College,  about  nine  in  the  morning ' ; 
on  July  21,  to  New  College ;  on  July  22,  he  dined  at  Ch.  Ch., 
and  went  in  the  afternoon  to  (?St.  John's2);  on  July  24, 

1  Ath.  Oxon.  sub  George  Morley.     My  information  about  the  Visitation  of 
Corpus  is  derived  from  a  MS.  Paper  in  the  hand-writing  of  Fulman,  who  was,  of 
course,  a  contemporary  witness,  still  preserved  amongst  the  President's  papers. 
The  Bundle,  in  which  it  is  contained,  is  numbered  in  my  MS.  Catalogue  as  No.  16. 
I  have  given  a  full  account  of  this  Visitation,  thinking  that  such  an  account, 
derived  from  a  contemporary  source,  would  be  of  interest  to  many  of  my  readers. 

2  Here  there  is  a  blank  space  in  the  MS. 


ACCOUNT  OF  THE  PROCEEDINGS.  237 

which,  it  may  be  noticed,  was  a  Sunday,  he  went  to  Trinity. 
On  July  25,  'about  nine  in  the  morning,  he  came  to  C.C.C., 
accompanied  by  the  Bishop  of  Gloucester'  (William  Nicholson), 
'  the  Deane  of  Worcester  '  (Thomas  Warmestry),  '  Sir  William 
Turner,  and  Sir  Modiford  Bramston.' 

*  In  the  Gatehouse  was  a  chaire,  set  for  the  Visitor,  where,  being 
sate,  a  Speech  was  made  by  Mr.  Benjamin  Parry,  STB,  one  of 
the  Senior  Fellowes.  The  speech  being  ended,  he  went  to  the 
President's  Lodging,  and,  after  a  short  stay,  to  the  Chapell  to 
Prayers.  Where  he  sat  in  the  President's  seat,  and,  at  a  distance 
on  that  side,  Sir  Will.  Turner  and  Sir  N.  Bramston.  In  the  Vice- 
President's  seat  sat  the  President,  and  near  him  the  Bp.  of  Gloc, 
and  then  the  Deane  of  Wore.  After  Prayers,  they  returned  to  the 
Lodging,  and  soon  after  the  Visitor  went  into  the  Hall  and,  placing 
himself  at  the  side  table,  with  Sir  William  Turner  at  his  right  hand 
and  Sir  N.  B.  at  the  left,  both  sitting  bare,  the  names  of  the  whole 
Society  were  called  over,  every  one  answering.  Then,  the  Statute 
concerning  Visitation  being  read,  the  Visitor  declared  that  he  was 
come  to  that  purpose,  and  did  take  those  two  Knights  for  his 
Assessors  and  Counsellors,  who  thereupon  likewise  put  on  their  hats. 
Then  were  proposed  and  read  by  the  Bishop's  Secretary  the  Articles 
to  be  enquired.  Then  was  proposed  the  forme  of  an  Oath,  first 
shewed  to  the  President,  and  then  read  aloud  to  the  rest1.  The 
President,  at  first,  moved  some  scruple  against  the  taking  a  new 
oath,  but  at  length  it  was  taken  by  him  and  all  the  Fellowes  and 
Scholars.  Which  done,  the  Visitor  made  a  speech  in  Latine  to  this 
purpose  :  That  we  read  in  Scripture,  when  the  cry  of  Sodome  and 
Gomorrah  was  ascended  unto  heaven,  God  said,  I  will2  (go  down 
now,  and  see  whether  they  have  done  altogether  according  to  the 
cry  of  it,  which  is  come  unto  me  ;  and  if  not,  I  will  know.  Gen.  xviii. 
21).  That  this,  being  the  first  visitation  we  read  of,  was  to  be  the 
rule  and  measure  of  all  that  should  follow.  For  God  being  himself 
would  not  need  any  inquiry  into  the  {facts  of  the  case, 


1  The  '  Formula  Juramenti  '  ran  as  follows  :  '  Tu  jurabis,  quod  dices  et  denun- 
tiabis  plenam  et  meram  veritatem,  An  scilicet  Ordinationes  et  Statuta  Fundatoris 
vestri,  quantum  ad  quemlibet  e  Collegio  vestro  pertinent,  fuerint  debite  executa 
et  observata  :  Et  quod  (exceptis  occultis)  denuntiabis  etiam  qusecunque  noveris  vel 
credideris  reformanda,  statum,  commodum,  et  honorem  Collegii  vestri  quomodo- 
cunque  concernentia.     Ita  Deus  te  adjuvet.' 

2  Here,  as  also  a  few  lines  further  on,  there  is  a  space  left  blank,  evidently  not 
to  suppress  anything,  but  for  the  purpose  of  being  filled  up  afterwards. 


338      MURDER  OF  ONE  STUDENT  BY  ANOTHER. 

or  something  to  that  effect).  But  intended  by  His  example  to  shew 
how  others  were  to  (act  under  such  circumstances,  or  something  to 
that  effect).  That  he  should  (nof  omitted)  make  any  inquiry  or 
use  any  severity  more  than  was  meet,  nay  than  was  necessary.  And, 
being  to  give  an  account  to  the  King  of  the  state  of  the  College, 
he  wished  he  might  doe  it  p.era  xap<*s-  Lastly,  he  adjourned  his 
Visitation  to  the  morrow  between  the  houres  of  foure  and  seven 
afternoon.  Then,  dismissing  the  Company,  his  Lordship  went  about 
to  see  the  College,  and,  returning  to  the  President's  Lodging,  saw 
the  Mitre  and  Crosier  Staffe.'  (It  will  be  noticed  that  the  College 
then  possessed  the  Mitre  (doubtless  of  the  Founder)1  as  well  as  the 
Crosier.)  'At  Dinner  his  Lordship  sat  at  the  end  of  the  High 
Table  in  the  Hall,  the  Bishop  of  Gloucester  on  the  inside  and  the 
President  at  his  other  hand ;  then  the  rest  of  the  company.' 

Then  follow,  in  Fulman's  MS.,  the  following  entries : — 
'  That  night  a  Scholar  was  killed  in  the  Street  about  eleven  of 
the  clock  neere  the  Starre  Inn'  (now  the  Clarendon)  'in  the  North 
Street :  for  whose  death  a  son  of  Sir  William  Turners '  (just 
mentioned  as  one  of  the  Visitor's  Assessors),  'of  Wadham  College, 
was  suspected  and  seised  upon.  Afterwards,  a  servant  of  Sir 
William  took  it  upon  him,  and  was  tryed  for  it,  and  acquitted.' 
(A  tolerably  evident  case,  I  fear,  of  a  collusion  for  the  purpose 
of  defeating  the  ends  of  justice,  the  probable  criminal  being  the  son 
of  a  powerful  man  and  a  member  of  the  University2). 

'July  26.  The  next  day,  about  foure  afternoone,  the  first  stone 
of  the  Theatre '  (the  Sheldonian  Theatre,  erected  by  the  munificence 
of  Archbishop  Sheldon)  'was  layd;  the  Vice-Chan cellor  with  the 
Doctors  and  Masters  being  present  in  their  formalities,  the  Bishops 

1  The  remains  of  this  mitre,  then  decayed,  were  actually  sold  in  1736  and  1737  ! 
See  under  Dr.  Mather's  Presidency. 

a  The  condonation  of  offences  (even  murders),  in  the  case  of  powerful  men  or 
their  sons,  was  not  uncommon  at  this  time.  Thus,  in  1671,  the  Duke  of  Monmouth 
received  the  Royal  pardon  for  his  share  in  the  wanton  murder  of  a  street  watch- 
man. For  the  instance  of  Crabtree  of  Balliol,  who,  having  stabbed  a  fellow- 
undergraduate  so  that  he  died,  pleaded  benefit  of  clergy,  was  condemned  to 
burning  in  the  hand,  and  then  received  the  Royal  pardon  in  1624,  see  Mr.  R.  Lane 
Poole's  article  on  Balliol,  in  the  Oxford  Colleges,  p.  47.  We  shall  find  a  some- 
what similar  instance  at  Corpus  in  1677.  Wood  (Diary,  July  25,  1664)  speaks  as 
if  Sir  Wm.  Turner's  son  were  himself  tried  at  the  Assizes  :  '  He  held  up  his  hand 
at  the  next  assizes  and  downe  upon  his  knees  for  his  life.  By  means  of  his  father 
Sir  William  Turner,  Dr.,  his  life  was  saved.'  See  Wood's  Life  and  Times,  ed. 
Clark,  vol.  ii.  p.  18. 


ARTICLES  OF  ENQUIRY  AND  ANSWERS.          239 

of  Wint.  Gloc.  and  Oxon  likewise  there.     Doctor  South   made  a 
Speech.' 

'  Afterward,  the  Visitor  came  to  C.  C.  C.,  and  went  immediately 
into  the  Hall,  where  he  sat  as  before  with  Sir  M.  Br.  at  his  left  hand 
(Sir  W.  Turner  absent).  The  names  were  againe  called  over.  Which 
done,  the  President  presented  an  answer  to  the  Articles.' 

These  articles  took  the  form  of  questions  on  the  observation 
of  the  Statutes,  much  like  the  questions  on  the  Ten  Com- 
mandments used  in  the  Confessional,  together  with  a  general 
invitation  and  requirement  that  the  several  members  of  the 
Foundation  should  denounce  any  other  breach  of  the  Statutes 
or  Visitors'  Injunctions,  not  specified  in  the  particular  ques- 
tions, and,  moreover,  should  point  out  any  reforms  of  existing 
practices  which  might  conduce  to  the  advantage  or  honour  of 
the  College.  To  these  articles  the  answers  handed  in  are  very 
brief,  and  are  mostly  to  the  effect  that  the  Statutes  are  ob- 
served, without  any  further  remark.  To  the  question  whether 
the  Bible  is  still  read  in  Hall  daily  at  dinner,  and  a  portion 
of  the  passage  read  expounded  by  one  of  the  Fellows  after 
dinner ;  and  whether  the  conversation  at  table  is  still  confined 
to  Latin  and  Greek,  the  answer  is :  '  Biblia  quotidie  leguntur 
et  fiunt  partis  lectae  expositiones,  latino  sermone  ordinarie 
(sic ;  word  erased)  magna  ex  parte  utuntur  sedentes  in 
mensa.'  It  thus  appears  that  the  custom  of  reading  the 
Bible  at  dinner,  and  expounding  a  portion  of  it  afterwards, 
was  still  retained,  but  that  the  custom  of  speaking  Latin  (of 
Greek  there  is  no  mention)  was  often  infringed,  or  imperfectly 
observed,  English  words  probably  being  freely  inserted  in  the 
Latin  (or  dog-Latin)  sentences.  To  the  question  whether 
the  lectures  in  the  public  schools  of  the  University  and  at 
Magdalen  are  still  frequented,  the  answer  is  that  the  practice 
of  attending  lectures  at  Magdalen  has  fallen  into  desuetude 
for  at  least  fifty  years,  and  has  been  dispensed  with,  while  as 
to  attendance  at  public  lectures  in  the  University  '  non  liquide 
constat,'  a  very  suggestive  and  eminently  unsatisfactory  an- 
swer. To  several  of  the  questions  and  to  the  general  invita- 
tions or  requirements  at  the  end  of  the  Articles  it  is  answered : 
'Quod  non  sit  aliquis  excessus,  inordinatio,  crimen,  aut  de- 


240  ANSWERS  TO  ARTICLES  OF  ENQUIRY. 

lictum  de  quo  in  his  articulis  inquiritur  aut  contra  quod  in 
statutis  Collegii  nostri  aut  per  se  planis  aut  per  interpretationes 
Visitatorum  nostrorum  declaratis  providetur,  quod  non  sit 
punitum  vel  emendatum,  aut  domesticis  remediis  et  ordinario 
procedendi  modo,  quern  statuta  alias  postulant,  non  corrigi  et 
reformari  possit.'  From  a  marginal  note,  written  by  Fulman, 
it  appears  that  the  following  sentence  had  been  erased  :  '  In- 
super  Praesidens,  Seniores  et  Officiarii,  ubi  res  exigit,  modo  et 
methodo  praedictis  se  processuros,  caeteri  se  correctionem  de- 
bitam  subituros,  omnes  se  pietati,  paci,  et  charitati,  studiis,  et 
observation i  Statutorum  sedulo  operam  daturos  pollicentur 
et  spondent.'  As  to  the  '  Scrutiny '  prescribed  in  Cap.  53  of 
the  Statutes,  i.e.  the  annual  inquiry  not  only  into  the  observa- 
tion of  the  Statutes,  but  into  the  life,  conversation,  manners, 
studies,  and  proficiency  of  the  several  members  of  the  College, 
as  well  as  into  all  matters  which  might  require  reformation  or 
correction,  the  answer  is :  { Necnon  scrutinium  quod  longa 
jam  desuetudine  exolevit  iterum  in  usum  et  vigorem  pristinum, 
si  Domino  Visitatori  visum  fuerit,  restitui  potest.' 

The  answers  are  signed  by  the  President,  fifteen  actual 
Fellows,  including  Benjamin  Parry  and  the  Vice-President 
(Francklin),  by  one  Probationer,  and  by  sixteen  Scholars 
('  Discipuli ').  Fulman,  John  Paris,  and  Benjamin  Parry  (who, 
alone  of  the  three,  had  signed  the  general  answer)  returned  a 
separate  answer  to  the  following  effect :  '  Nos  etiam  supra- 
scriptae  Responsioni  (excepto  quod  Magister  Agas  pacem 
Collegii  turbat,  nee  Domini  Visitatoris  Determinationi  acqui- 
escit)  manus  apponimus.'  '  Mr.  Rosewell,'  it  is  added,  '  pre- 
sented an  Answer  by  himself ;  but  declared  that  he  did  not 
dissent  from  the  rest,  but  only  was  not  so  well  satisfied  in 
some  particulars.  Mr.  Agas  presented  another.  And  at 
length  Mr.  Imings.' 

This  is  the  close  of  the  account,  written  partly  in  the  hand- 
writing of  Fulman,  partly  in  that  of  another.  Whether  the 
Visitation  was  followed  by  any  general  Injunctions  of  the 
Visitor  we  do  not  know.  The  only  result  that  we  learn  from 
the  College  documents  was  the  sentence  passed  by  the  Visitor 
on  Daniel  Agas,  who,  as  Junior  Dean,  had  so  vehemently  in- 


SENTENCE  ON  DANIEL  AGAS.  241 

sisted  on  the  expulsion  of  Fulman.  According  to  Wood's 
account1,  however,  the  main  offence  for  which  Agas  was 
sentenced  was  his  violent  bearing  towards  the  Visitor  him- 
self; for  he 'accused  the  bishop  of  injustice  before  his  face, 
for  granting  and  sending  letters  to  the  College  in  behalf  of 
Thomas  Turner '  (subsequently  President),  'son  of  Dr  Tnomas 
Turner'  (Dean  of  Canterbury),  'to  come  in  scholar,  for  which 
his  impudence  he  was  put  out  of  commons  for  three  weeks ' 
(months)2.  The  material  part  of  the  Visitor's  sentence3, 
which  is  a  somewhat  curious  document,  runs  as  follows  : 

'  That,  whereas  the  said  Mr  Agas  standeth  presented  by  some  of 
the  Fellows,  and  accused  by  others,  for  being  a  person  of  a  turbulent 
spirit  and  a  sower  of  discord  in  the  said  Colledge,  And  having  wrote 
an  audacious  and  scandalous  paper  which  he  formerly  delivered 
with  his  own  hands  unto  the  said  Lord  Bishop  his  Visitor,  and 
seemed  again  (when  he  had  been  pardoned  upon  his  submission)  to 
Justine  the  same  at  the  publike  meeting  of  the  Visitation  of  the  said 
Colledge,  The  said  Mr  Agas  should  be  immediately  suspended 
from  the  Communes  and  all  the  profits  of  his  Fellowship  (of  what 
nature  soever)  for  the  space  of  three  whole  months,  and  untill  such 
time  as  he  shall  acknowledge  his  Crimes  and  publikly  confesse  his 
sorrow  for  the  same  and  promise  Reformation  in  some  publike 

manner Whereupon   his   Lordship,  the  said   Visitor,  hath 

since  been  pleased  to  declare  his  sense  and  meaning  more  par- 
ticularly in  this  businesse,  and  doth  decree  and  injoyne,  viz.  That 
the  said  Mr  Agas  shall  appeare  before  the  President  of  the  said 
Colledge  and  the  Fellowes  in  the  Chapell,  Hall,  or  such  other  publike 
place  as  the  President  shall  appoynt,  and  there  acknowledge,  That 
he  hath  pertinaciously  and  contumeltously  carried  himself  against  the 
said  Lord  Bishop,  especially  for  writing  and  delivering  that  Paper 
before  named,  which  was  openly  read  in  the  Hall  in  the  time  of  the 
Visitation  aforesaid,  and  for  any  other  disturbance  he  hath  made  in 
the  Colledge :  And  shall  promise,  for  the  time  to  come,  that  he  will 
live  more  peaceably  amongst  them,  and  more  submissively  and 
obediently  towards  his  Governors  and  Superiours,  more  especially 

1  Wood's  Ath.  Ox.  sub  George  Morley. 

2  In  Wood's  Diary,  it  is  added  '  And  Mr  Yeamons  is  suspended,'  i.  e.  Thomas 
Yeomans  or  Immings,  who,  as  Vice-President,  had  unstatutably  expelled  Fulman. 

3  Numbered  in  my  MS.  Catalogue,  20  d. 

R 


242  VACILLATION  OF  THE  PRESIDENT. 

towards  his  Visitor  for  the  time  being,  And  farther  shall  solemnely 
amongst  them  receive  the  Holy  Sacrament  of  the  Lord's  Supper 
upon  the  next  day  appointed,  and  so  constantly  for  the  time  to  come.' 
He  was  to  obtain  a  certificate  of  his  'conformity  and  promises' 
from  the  College,  and,  upon  the  bringing  in  of  such  a  certificate, 
'  to  be  .absolved  in  diem,  and  relaxed  from  his  suspension  for  six 
months  as  upon  Probation,  and  if,  in  the  meane  time,  no  just 
complaint  be  made  and  proved  against  him,  then  to  be  clearley 
absolved,  and  restored  in  integrum,  upon  his  personal  submission 
also  unto  the  Lord  Bishop  the  Visitor  himself.' 

To  these  conditions,  sufficiently  degrading  and  humiliating, 
for  a  clergyman  and  Fellow  of  a  College  of  some  standing, 
Agas  submitted,  and  received  a  certificate  both  of  his  public 
apology  in  the  form  prescribed  and  of  his  reception,  on 
October  2,  of  the  Holy  Communion  in  the  College  Chapel. 
This  last  requirement  is  probably  to  be  regarded,  not  so  much 
in  the  light  of  a  punishment  as  of  a  test  of  conformity ;  for 
Wood,  in  the  Athenae  as  above  referred  to,  speaks  of  Agas  as 
'  educated  there  under  the  presbyterians,'  implying  thereby, 
of  course,  that  he  had  himself  presbyterian  proclivities. 

Before  dismissing  the  subject  of  this  Visitation,  and  the 
preceding  events  connected  with  Fulman,  there  are  two  points 
worthy  of  notice :  (i)  that  the  President  seems  to  have  been 
guilty  of  a  good  deal  of  vacillation,  if  not  of  double  dealing, 
in  the  matter  of  Fulman,  for  in  an  address,  presented  to  him 
by  seven  of  the  Fellows  J,  it  is  requested  that  '  you  will  be 
pleased  to  let  us  know  plainly  and  directly,  whether  you  have 
allready  made  any  kind  of  application  to  our  Honorable 
Visitor  in  the  differences  before  mentioned,  wherein  wee 
desire  you  to  deale  plainly  and  clearly  with  us,  as  wee  shall 
doe  with  you ' ;  (2)  in  a  paper  on  the  Fulman  business 2,  with 
no  name  attached  but  conjectured  on  the  endorsement  to  be 
by  Agas,  it  is  said  that  John  Paris,  one  of  the  Senior  Fellows, 
who  supported  Fulman,  had  never  received  episcopal  orders, 
and,  therefore,  by  an  Act  of  12  C.  2,  passed  at  the  Restoration, 
had  forfeited  his  Fellowship.  But  it  would  appear,  from  the 

, 1  Contained  in  the  bundle  of  papers,  marked  in  my  MS.  Catalogue,  No.  16. 
2  20  f  in  my  MS.  Catalogue. 


PARLIAMENT  MEETS  IN  OXFORD.  243 

silence  of  all  the  contemporary  documents  extant,  as  if  his 
orders  had  never  been  called  in  question  within  the  College. 

In  the  autumn  of  1665,  the  Parliament,  owing  to  an  out- 
break of  the  plague  in  London,  met  in  Oxford,  and  their 
presence  involved  that  of  the  Court.  On  September  12,  the 
College  addressed  a  letter 1  to  Bishop  Morley,  signed  by  the 
President,  Seniors,  and  Officers,  in  which  they  state  that, 
understanding  '  that  our  College  is  designed  to  lodge  some  of 
Her  Majesties  Attendants,  and  a  great  part  of  it  is  allready 
taken  up  for  that  purpose,  we  are  necessitated  to  think  of 
some  speedy  course  for  the  disposing  of  those  persons  which 
must  be  removed  upon  this  occasion,  which,  though  we  cannot 
doe  any  better,  or  indeed  any  other  way,  than  by  dismissing 
them,  especially  the  younger  sort,  into  the  countrey,'  yet,  as 
the  number  of  absentees  would  be  greater  than  the  Statutes 
ordinarily  permitted,  the  time  of  absence  longer,  and  there 
was  no  statutable  allowance  of  Commons  to  the  absent,  they 
thought  it  their  duty  to  have  recourse  to  the  Visitor's  direction 
in  '  a  case  extraordinary,  and  such  as  our  statutes  take  no 
notice  of.'  The  Visitor,  replying  on  the  14th,  from  Farnham, 
dispenses  with  the  various  statutes  in  question,  '  which,  being 
for  the  special  service  of  His  Majesty,  who  is  our  Supreme 
Visitor,  and  may  dispose  of  us  all  as  He  pleases,  I  conceive 
very  fit  to  be  done,  and  therefore  doe  hereby  dispense  with 
the  said  particulars  during  His  Majesties  stay  at  Oxon  and  no 
longer,  unlesse  any  infection  there  shall  hinder  their  returne.' 
From  the  Buttery  Book  for  this  year,  we  find  that  about  ten 
or  twelve  of  the  B.  A.  and  Undergraduate  Scholars  dis- 
appeared from  the  College  for  some  time. 

At  this  point  I  may  introduce  the  connexion  with  the 
College  of  James,  the  unhappy  Duke  of  Monmouth,  the 
reputed  natural  son,  and  at  this  time  the  supreme  favourite 
of  Charles  the  Second.  Wood  tells  us,  in  the  Fasti 2,  that '  in 
the  plague  year,  1665,  when  the  king  and  queen  were  at  Oxon, 
he  was  entred  as  a  member  in  C.  C.  coll.  there.'  And,  in  the 

1  20  e  in  my  MS.  Catalogue. 

2  Sub  Sept.  28, 1663,  when  Monmouth  was  incorporated  M.A.  from  Cambridge. 

R  2 


244     DUKE  OF  MO N MOUTH  ENTERED  AT  CORPUS. 

Diary1,  there  is  the  entry:    'Sept.  25,  1665,  the  king  and 

duke  of  Monmouth  came  from  Salisbury  to  Oxon 

The  king  lodged  himself  in  Xt  Ch and  the  duke  of 

Monmouth  and  his  dutchess  at  C.  C.  Coll.'  They  probably 
continued  in  Corpus  till  Jan.  27  following,  when  '  the  king 
with  his  retinue  went  from  Oxon  to  Hampton  V  Monmouth's 
name,  however,  does  not  occur  in  the  buttery-books  till  the 
week  beginning  May  n,  1666,  when  it  is  inserted  between  the 
names  of  the  President  and  Vice- President.  Whether,  after 
this  time,  he  ever  resided  in  the  College,  or  indeed  in  Oxford, 
is  uncertain  ;  but  the  name  remains  on  the  books  till  July  1 2th, 
1683,  when  it  was  erased  after  the  discovery  of  Monmouth's 
conspiracy  and  flight 3.  The  erasures  are  carried  back  as  far 
as  the  week  beginning  June  i. 

The  next  event  to  be  recorded  is  an  action  brought  at  the 
Oxford  Assizes,  Michaelmas,  1666,  against  three  persons  at 
Burford  for  being  in  unlawful  possession  of  sixty  Copes,  no 
less  than  400  other  vestments,  two  carpets,  &c.,  belonging  to 
the  College,  the  value,  when  the  items  are  enumerated  separ- 
ately, being  estimated  at  ^3200,  though  the  damages,  at  the 
end  of  the  Declaration,  are  laid  only  at  ^"3000.  The  exact  cir- 
cumstances under  which  this  Declaration  was  filed  are  not 
altogether  easy  to  conjecture.  Probably  these  vestments  had 
been  deposited,  during  the  Civil  War,  with  some  person  or 
persons  at  Burford,  had  been  reclaimed  at  the  Restoration,  had, 
somehow  or  other,  been  casually  lost  or  lost  sight  of,  and  had 
been  found  by  the  defendants,  who  refused  to  give  them  up  and 
converted  them  to  their  own  uses,  by  sale  or  otherwise.  I  have 
thought  it  best  to  reproduce  the  document 4,  which  is  endorsed 

1  Wood  MSS.  D.  19  (3),  for  reference  to  which  I  am  indebted  to  the  Rev. 
Andrew  Clark.    (The  passage  is  now  published  in  Wood's  Life  and  Times,  vol.  ii. 
p.  58.) 

2  The  Liber  Benefactornm  records  that  Monmouth,   on  leaving  the  College, 
presented  a   tankard,   weighing  35  ounces :    '  Jacobus  Dux  de  Monmouth  &c., 
cum  anno   1665,  peste  per  Angliam  grassante,  ad  istius  Collegii  perfugium  se 
reciperet,  unum  cantharum  eidem  abeuns  reliquit.'     This  tankard,  which  does  not 
now  exist,  was  probably  melted  down  after  Monmouth's  rebellion. 

3  The  dates  in  Wood's  Life  and  Times,  vol.  iii.  p.  64,  it  will  be  seen  from 
these  statements,  are  not  accurately  given. 

*  Numbered  as  2  2  e  in  my  MS.  Catalogue. 


TRIAL  REGARDING  THE  LOST  COPES.  245 

'Copes,' as  exactly  as  possible,  merely  rendering  the  contractions 
in  full.    The  following  are  the  precise  words  of  the  Declaration : 

'Mich:  1 8°  Car:  2^.  R.  &c. 

Oxon.  Scilicet.  Praesidens  Collegij  Corporis  Christi  in  Vniuersitate 
Oxoniensi  et  Scholares  eiusdem  Collegij  queruntur  de  Tho:  Maslin 
Will.  Streete  Sen.  W.  Streete  Jun:  in  Custodia  Mareschalli  etc.  pro 
eo  viz.  quod  cum  ijdem  Praesidens  et  Scholares  i°  die  Julij  Anno 
regni  Domini  Car:  2^.  nunc  Regis  Anglie  etc.  12°.  apud  Burford  in 
Comitatu  prasdicto  possessionati  fuissent  de  quibusdam  bonis  et 
Catallis,  viz.  Sexaginta  vestibus  Sacerdotalibus  vocatis  Copes  auro 
acupictis  ad  valentiam  mille  et  quingentarum  librarum  quadringentis 
virgatis  Serici  auro  acupicti  praeantea  parcella  aliarum  vestium  Sacer- 
dotalium  vocatarum  Copes  Serici,  auro  arupict(?i  or  arum),  ad 
valentiam  mille  et  quingentarum  librarum  et  duobus  Instratis  anglice 
Carpetts  de  Serico  acupictis  ad  valentiam  ducentarum  librarum  vt  de 
bonis  et  Catallis  suis  proprijs.  Et  sic  inde  possessionati  existentes 
ijdem  Praesidens  et  Scholares  bona  et  Cattalla  ilia  extra  eorum  pos- 
sessionem  casualiter  perdiderunt  et  amiserunt.  quae  quidem  bona  et 
Cattalla  postea  videlict  praedicto  i°.  die  Julij  anno  12°  supradicto 
apud  Burford  praedictum  Comitatu  praedicto  ad  manus  et  posses- 
sionem  praedictorum  T.  W.  et  W.  per  inuentionem  deuenerunt  prae- 
dicti  tamen  T.  W.  et  W.  scientes  bona  et  Cattalla  praedicta  fore 
bona  et  Cattalla  ipsorum  Praesidentis  et  Scholarium  propria  et  ad 
eosdem  Praesidentem  et  Scholares  de  iure  spectare  et  pertinere 
machinantes  tamen  et  fraudulenter  intendentes  eosdem  Praesidentem 
et  Scholares  in  hac  parte  callide  et  subdole  dicipere  et  defraudare 
bona  et  cattalla  praedicta  licet  sepius  requisiti  etc.  eisdem  Praesidenti 
et  Scholaribus  non  deliberauerunt  sed  bona  et  Cattalla  praedicta 
postea  videlicet  vltimo  die  Decembris  Anno  Regni  dicti  Domini 
Regis  nunc  17°.  apud  Burford  praedictum  in  Comitatu  praedicto  ad 
vsum  ipsorum  Thomae,  Willelmi  et  Willelmi  proprium  conuerterunt 
et  disposuerunt  vnde  ijdem  Praesidens  et  Scholares  dicunt  quod  ipsi 
deteriorati  sunt  et  dampnum  habent  ad  valentiam  trium  Mille 
librarum  et  inde  producunt  sectam  etc.' 

Mr.  J.  L.  Mathews,  Clerk  of  Assize  on  the  Oxford  Circuit, 
has  kindly  made  search  for  me  among  the  records  in  his 
custody,  but  informs  me  that  there  are  no  records  extant  of 
Civil  proceedings  at  or  anywhere  about  this  time.  There  is, 
however,  a  curious  confirmation  of  the  trial  in  the  Fulman 


246     DISPUTE  ABOUT  THE  PRESIDENT'S  HORSES. 

MSS.,  vol.  10,  fol.  192,  where  there  occurs  the  following  entry : 
1  Triall  at  Oxford  Assises  for  the  Copes,  Jul.  29,  1667.  400". 
60  Copes  2  Carpets  54  Pieces.'  It  would  appear  as  if 
damages  were  found  for  £400,  the  verdict  being  for  the 
misappropriation  of  60  Copes,  2  Carpets,  and  54  Pieces  {?  of 
Copes).  There  is  no  mention  of  this  trial  in  Wood's  Diary; 
but  in  the  Tower  Book  of  the  College,  there  is  an  entry,  under 
Feb.  9,  i66f,  to  the  effect  that  £3  i6s.  od.,  taken  out  of  the 
Tower  Fund,  was  '  laid  out  in  the  business  of  the  Copes.' 

Of  these  Copes  and  other  vestments  we  have  heard  a  good 
deal  in  the  early  history  of  the  College.  There  is  a  curious 
connecting  link  in  an  entry,  in  the  Liber  Magnus,  under 
May  2,  1640,  shortly  before  the  end  of  Jackson's  President- 
ship :  '  Paid  to  Richard  Hall  for  mending  the  Copes  ut  valet 
per  Bill,  igs.  9^.'  There  can  be  little  doubt,  if  they  were 
ordered  to  be  mended,  that  they  were  worn l. 

Passing  by  an  unimportant  Visitor's  decision,  in  1667,  which 
had  already  been  anticipated  in  practice  as  well  as  by  an 
order  of  the  Parliamentary  Visitors,  allowing  the  College  to 
elect  a  Proctor,  the  next  circumstance,  worthy  of  mention,  is 
a  curious  dispute  about  the  President's  horses,  which  occurred 
in  1672.  The  Statutes  allowed  the  President,  not  only  on 
College  progresses,  but  for  his  own  private  affairs,  when 
absent,  the  use  of  four  or  five  horses,  with  their  saddlery  and 
trappings.  Concerning  this  Statute  a  question  had  been 
raised  between  the  President  and  the  Senior  Bursar's  Deputy, 
whether  '  it  is  equitable  and  reasonable  that  the  President 
may,  of  the  four  or  five  horses  mentioned,  have  two  such  as 
may  be  serviceable  both  for  coach  and  sadles.'  Some  of  the 
President's  reasons,  which  alone  we  have,  are  curiously  redolent 

1  Professor  Rogers  (History  of  Prices,  vol.  v.  p.  33)  says  that  he  has  found  only 
two  Colleges  which  submitted  to  Laud's  instructions,  Corpus  in  Oxford  and 
St.  John's  in  Cambridge.  '  In  these  two,  and  in  these  two  only,  for  a  few  years 
an  ornate  ritual  was  adopted— Copes,  wax  candles,  and  other  furnitures.'  Possibly 
Corpus  was  the  only  College  in  Oxford  which  adopted  the  Copes,  because  it  was 
the  only  College  which  possessed  them. 

There  is  a  previous  entry  in  one  of  the  Libri  Magni,  on  Aug.  19,  1637  (for 
which  see  extracts  from  the  Chapel  accounts,  in  Appendix  B),  most  probably 
relating  to  a  Cope-box  purchased  for  the  College. 


THE  CHANNEL  ISLANDS  CLAIM  A  SCHOLARSHIP.  247 

of  old  times:  i.  'Two  such  he  hath  had  for  six  years,  and 
they  might  have  lasted  much  longer,  had  they  not  died  of  an 
infectious  disease ' ;  a.  '  Relyinge  on  the  continuance  thereof 
he  hath  not  long  since  bought  a  new  coach  ' ;  3.  '  His  age  and 
infirmitie  of  body  require  it.  Phisitians  will  attest  that  its  not 
safe  for  him  to  ride  a  journey  on  horseback  '54.'  This  way 
hee  and  one  of  his  servants  are  provided,  and  in  severall 
progresses  his  Coach  hath  carried  one  Fellow  allso,  some 
times  two';  5-  'This  way  expenses  for  bridles  and  saddles 
have  beene  and  may  be  saved,  which  appeare  to  be  con- 
siderable by  our  annuall  account.'  It  may  be  hoped  that  the 
good  sense  of  the  parties  concerned  prevented  this  appeal 
from  reaching  the  Visitor,  of  whom  no  decision  is  extant. 

In  the  spring  of  1674  an  attempt  was  made  to  procure  one 
of  the  Hampshire  Scholarships  for  natives  of  Jersey  and 
Guernsey,  under  the  mistaken  idea  that  there  were  three 
Scholarships  confined  to  natives  of  this  County1.  A  Royal 
letter,  dated  April  i,  reinforced  by  a  letter  from  the  Visitor, 
was  sent  to  the  College,  signifying  the  King's  '  express  will 
and  pleasure '  that  this  appropriation  should  be  made.  But 
the  College  put  in  a  document,  signed  by  the  Mayor  of 
Winchester  and  the  High  Sheriff  of  the  County  of  Southampton, 
testifying  that  these  Islands  had  never  done  any  suit  or 
service  at  the  Assizes  or  Sessions  of  the  County,  nor  hath  the 
Sheriff  of  the  said  County  any  authority  in  these  Islands. 
And,  protesting  that  they  believed  obedience  to  the  King's 
command  would  be  a  violation  of  their  statutes,  they  begged 
that  this  matter  might  be  referred  to  the  Judges.  What  the 
precise  issue  was,  we  do  not  know,  but,  as  no  Fellowship  or 
Scholarship  ever  was  appropriated  or  even  thrown  open  to 
these  Islands,  we  may  presume  that  either  the  matter  was 
dropped  altogether  or  the  answer  of  the  Judges  was  un- 
favourable. 

1  Any  one  reading  the  Statutes,  simply  for  reference,  might  easily  be  pardoned 
for  making  this  mistake.  For  in  cap.  9,  where  the  qualifications  of  Probationary 
Fellows  are  enumerated,  the  Statute  says  simply : '  tres  in  comitatu  Southamptonice.' 
But  in  cap.  14,  though  the  same  words  occur  with  regard  to  the  Scholars,  it  is 
added :  '  de  cujus  numero  ternario  erit  ille  qui  ex  compositione  Magistri  Willelmi 
Frost  erit  prsesentatus,  quamvis  fortasse  non  erit  de  eodem  comitatu  natus.' 


248  ANOTHER  GENERAL  VISITATION. 

In  the  summer  of  this  year,  Bishop  Morley  held  another 
Visitation  of  the  College,  beginning  on  July  24,  but  this  time 
through  his  Commissaries.  There  is  no  record,  as  in  the 
previous  case,  of  the  forms  of  procedure,  and  the  original 
articles  of  enquiry  are  almost  precisely  the  same  as  those  of 
1664.  Appended,  however,  to  the  long  list  of  questions, 
mainly  founded  on  the  Statutes,  which  it  appears  to  have 
been  usual  to  ask  at  these  Visitations,  there  is  a  very  signi- 
ficant interrogatory, '  added  to  the  rest  by  the  Visitor's  special 
command  by  letter,  and  to  be  particularly  answered  by  all 
the  Fellows  and  Scholars  :  Whether  they  know  or  believe  any 
resignations  of  Fellowships  or  Scholarships  to  have  beene 
made  for  money,  and  by  whome  and  to  whome,  and  for  how 
much,  either  lately  or  since  my  last  visitation.'  This  question 
refers  to  the  practice  known  as  that  of  '  corrupt  resignations  ' 
which  appears  to  have  been  very  prevalent  about  this  time  *, 
and  specially,  according  to  Wood,  at  Magdalen,  New  College, 
and  All  Souls.  At  Corpus,  however,  if  we  may  trust  the 
answer  given  by  the  College,  the  practice  was  unknown  : 
'nee  audivimus  nee  credimus,'  &c.2  To  the  question  about 
the  daily  reading  of  the  Bible  in  Hall,  the  subsequent  ex- 
position of  a  portion  of  the  passage  read,  and  the  speaking 
only  Latin  or  Greek  at  table,  the  answer  is  in  the  affirma- 
tive as  to  the  first  two  clauses  of  the  question,  but,  as  to  the 
last,  it  is  confessed  that  '  in  mensa  sedentes  colloquio  Latino 
vel  Graeco  non  utuntur  secundum  exactam  mentem  Statu- 
torum,'  i.e.  they  had  ceased  to  observe  the  statute,  except, 
probably,  by  occasional  excursions  into  dog-Latin.  To  the 
question  about  attending  lectures  at  Magdalen  or  in  the 
University  Schools,  the  same  answer  exactly  is  given  as  in 

1  Wood's  Annals,    sub    1657.     See  particularly,   on   this   practice,   Professor 
Burrows'  Worthies  of  All  Souls,  chs.  13-15,  and  his  edition  of  the  Parliamentary 
Visitors'  Register,  pp.  419-25.      He  says,  in  a  note  on  p.  421  of  the  latter  work, 
that '  a  passage  in  Bp.  Lowth's  Life  of  Wykeham,  p.  193  (2nd  ed.  1759),  refers  to 
the  abuse,  as  far  from  extinct  in  his  time  at  New  College.'     The  practice  appears 
to  have  existed  at  a  very  early  period  at  Oriel.     See  Mr.  Shadwell's  article  on 
Oriel  in  The  Colleges  of  Oxford,  p.  107,  and,  on  the  subject  generally,  cp.  pp. 
116-7  and  Mr.  Oman's  article  on  All  Souls. 

2  The  number  of  cessions  by  resignation,  however,  at  this  time  are  considerable, 
a  circumstance  which  has  a  suspicious  appearance. 


ADDITIONAL  QUESTIONS.  249 

1664,  except  that  60  years  is  substituted  for  50,  as  the  period 
during  which  attendance  at  Magdalen  has  fallen  into  de- 
suetude. To  the  question  about  the  closing  of  the  gates, 
there  is  the  somewhat  unsatisfactory  answer  that  they  are 
closed  at  9,  and  the  keys  taken  to  the  Vice-President,  but, 
for  any  cause  approved  by  him,  they  can  be  unlocked  again 
at  any  time.  The  Scrutiny  is  described  as  having  become 
obsolete,  so  that  evidently  there  was  no  attempt  to  revive  it 
after  the  last  Visitation.  Comparing  the  two  Visitations  of 
1664  and  1674,  we  cannot  but  observe  that,  not  only  the 
questions,  but  also  the  answers,  at  these  stated  visitations 
had  a  tendency  to  degenerate  into  common  forms. 

Bp.  Morley,  however,  sent  some  additional  questions,  which 
must  have  arrived  on  the  very  eve  of  the  Visitation,  even  if 
they  were  in  time  for  its  commencement,  partly  prompted 
thereto,  doubtless,  by  an  appeal,  from  outside,  which  he  had 
just  received  on  the  subject  of  the  Durham  Scholarship.  In 
this  document,  the  Commissaries  are  instructed  particularly 
to  enquire  of  the  President  and  some  of  the  Fellows  concerning 
the  manner  of  their  elections,  and  whether  at  the  last  election 
the  Statutes  had  been  duly  observed.  Moreover,  at  all  the 
Colleges  which  they  were  to  visit,  they  were  to  enquire 
diligently  and  particularly  how  often,  in  every  of  them,  the 
holy  sacrament  is  administered,  and  whether  all  of  the  foun- 
dation, especially  the  Priests,  do  duly  frequent  it;  as  also  to 
enquire  and  take  notice  of  those  of  the  foundation  that  wear 
Periwigs  or  long  hair,  especially  being  Priests.  To  these 
questions  the  President  and  Fellows  of  Corpus  replied  as 
follows:  'To  the  ist,  In  generall,  that  we  proceede  in  the 
Elections  according  to  the  forme  prescribed  in  the  Statutes. 
Particularly,  that  the  last  election  of  an  Oxfordshire  youth 
into  the  Durham  place  was  agreeable  thereunto ;  To  the  3rd, 
that  the  holy  sacrament  is  duly  administered  upon  the  cheife 
Festivall  days  of  the  yeare,  and  generally  frequented  by  the 
Preists  and  other  members  of  the  Colledge  ;  to  the  3rd,  that 
some  of  the  Foundation  doe  weare  Periwigs,  and  none  doth 
weare  his  hayre  otherwise  than  is  common,  decent,  and  agree- 
able to  the  practice  of  others  of  the  same  condition.' 


250  THE  RITCHELL  CASE. 

The  first  of  these  enquiries  had  reference  to  a  disputed 
election  to  a  Scholarship,  which  was  destined  to  give  the 
College  a  great  deal  of  trouble  during  this  and  the  next  year. 
A  mass  of  documents  relating  to  it  is  still  extant,  including  a 
letter  to  a  friend  from  the  celebrated  Dr.  Edward  Pocock, 
distinctly  adopting  the  view  of  the  College.  It  appears  that 
one  George  Ritchell  of  St.  Edmund  Hall,  a  native  of  New- 
castle on  Tyne,  and  son  of  the  '  minister '  of  Hexham 1,  was 
the  only  candidate  for  a  vacant  Scholarship  confined  to  the 
Bishopric  of  Durham.  But  he  was  rejected  on  three  grounds : 
(i)  that,  though  he  asseverated  that  he  was  a  native  of  the 
Bishopric,  he  did  not  produce  satisfactory  proofs  ;  (2)  that  he 
stammered,  and  was  therefore  disqualified  by  the  Statutes ; 
(3)  that  he  was  'non  habilis,'  specially  on  account  of  his 
verses  (a  copy  of  which,  included  among  the  papers,  abun- 
dantly justifies  the  assertion),  moderate  skill  in  Latin  versifi- 
cation being  one  of  the  statutable  requirements.  The  College, 
instead  of  filling  up  the  Durham  vacancy,  elected  one  ad- 
ditional Oxfordshire  scholar,  one  John  Hungerford  (it  has  an 
unfortunate  appearance  that  the  name  of  the  other  Oxfordshire 
Scholar,  elected  just  before,  was  Robert  Newlin),  to  be  reputed 
as  a  Durham  Scholar,  and  transferred  to  the  Oxfordshire 
foundation  on  the  next  vacancy.  Ritchell's  case  was  warmly 
taken  up  by  the  clergy  and  gentry  of  the  district,  and  petitions 
were  drawn  up  to  the  Visitor  from  the  Dean  and  Chapter  of 
Durham  and  the  inhabitants  of  the  County  Palatine,  headed 
by  the  High  Sheriff.  The  Visitor  took  cognisance  of  the 
appeal,  and  a  statement  of  the  case  was  given  on  each  side 
to  the  Commissaries  at  the  quinquennial  Visitation.  But 
they  made  no  order  with  regard  to  it,  and  hence  the  College 
maintained  that  the  Visitor's  power  of  interference,  the  appeal 
being  from  an  extern,  even  if  it  existed  at  all,  had  lapsed 
till  the  next  general  Visitation  came  round.  Then  came  a 

1  There  is  a  long  account  of  this  George  Ritchell  or  Ritschel  the  elder  in 
Wood's  Ath.  Ox.  sub  nomine.  He  was  a  Bohemian  by  birth,  and,  being  a 
protestant,  had  fled  from  his  native  country  and  taken  refuge  in  Oxford,  where  he 
studied  in  the  Bodleian,  and  became  a  member  of  Trinity.  He  was  afterwards 
appointed  Head  Master  of  the  Grammar  School  at  Newcastle  on  Tyne,  where  his 
son  was  born. 


THE  VISITOR'S  WRATH  AGAINST  THE  COLLEGE.     251 

controversy  between  the  Visitor  and  the  College,  which  pro- 
cured a  large  number  of  opinions  in  its  favour  from  eminent 
lawyers,  with  the  result  that  the  Visitor  had  not  the  courage 
himself  to  take  any  definite  action  \  But  the  matter  was 
brought  before  the  King  in  Council,  on  the  petition  of  the 
rejected  candidate,  George  Ritchell,  June  n,  1675,  and  was 
remitted  to  the  Duke  of  Ormond,  Chancellor  of  the  University, 
who  was  to  call  to  his  assistance  Sir  Francis  North,  Lord 
Chief  Justice  of  the  Common  Pleas,  Sir  William  Jones, 
Attorney  General,  Sir  Leoline  Jenkins,  Judge  of  the  Ad- 
miralty and  Prerogative  Courts,  and  Sir  Robert  Wyseman, 
His  Majesty's  Advocate  2,  who  were  to  inspect  and  examine 
the  Statutes,  the  Visitor,  President,  and  some  of  the  Fellows, 
as  well  as  the  Petitioner,  being  present  at  the  meeting.  The 
meeting  was  to  be  on  the  i9th  instant,  and  the  Duke  was  to 
make  a  report  to  the  Privy  Council,  together  with  his  opinion. 
What  was  the  precise  issue  of  the  business  we  do  not  know, 
but,  as  Hungerford  retained  his  Scholarship  and  Ritchell's 
name  never  appears  on  the  books,  and  as  the  case  seems 
never  to  have  come  again  before  the  Privy  Council 3,  we  may 
presume  that  the  petition  was  withdrawn. 

That  the  Visitor's  wrath  was  now  rising  against  the  College, 
and  his  prejudices  beginning  to  be  enlisted  against  it,  appears 
incidentally  in  a  postscript  to  a  letter  from  Hungerford's 
father  to  Dr.  Newlyn,  dated  July  8,  1675,  while  the  Chan- 
cellor's report  was  being  daily  expected.  It  is  to  this  effect : 
'  The  Bishop  of  Winton  did  lately  say,  you  would  be  undone 
by  Government,  and  instanced  that  wearing  of  Periwigs, 
whereof  he  had  given  you  an  admonition  to  be  a  breach  of 

1  In  the  order  of  reference  to  the  Duke  of  Ormond,  in  the  transactions  of  the 
Privy  Council  on  June  1 1,  it  is  stated :  '  Wherefore  the  Petitioner  did  appeale 
to  the  Lord  Bishop  of  Winchester,  Visitor  of  the  said  Colledge,  for  redress, 
but  the  President  and  Fellows,  denying  his  authority,  did  refuse  to  submit  thereto.' 

3  It  is  curious  that,  of  these  four  legal  assessors,  three,  namely  North  (while 
Attorney  General),  Jones  (while  Solicitor  General)  and  Wyseman,  had  already 
given  opinions  in  favour  of  the  College. 

3  There  is  no  entry  with  regard  to  Ritschell's  case  on  June  19,  and  I  have 
searched  through  the  transactions  of  the  Privy  Council  for  more  than  six  months 
after  that  date,  without  finding  any  further  mention  of  it,  though,  during  that 
period,  the  Council  often  met  two  or  three  times  a  week. 


THE  CURTOIS  CASE. 

Statute/  Did  he  mean  that  this  heinous  crime  of  wearing 
Periwigs  was  to  be  visited  by  the  dissolution  of  the  College 
or  merely  by  the  expulsion  of  the  offending  Fellows  ? 

A  new  ground  of  offence  to  the  Visitor,  and  a  new  occasion 
for  his  interference,  occurred  in  1677.  Matthew  Curtois,  a 
Probationer  Fellow,  just  on  the  point  of  admission  to  actuality, 
being  at  the  time  a  Master  of  Arts  and  in  Holy  Orders,  seems 
to  have  been  guilty  of  an  act  of  sexual  immorality  within  the 
College  walls.  The  Fellows,  or  a  majority  of  them,  very 
properly  refused  to  admit  him  to  an  actual  Fellowship,  and 
thereby  his  Probationary  Fellowship  lapsed,  and  he  lost  the 
rights  of  the  College.  He  appealed  direct  to  the  King, 
whether  it  was  that  there  was  some  doubt  as  to  his  right  of 
appeal  to  the  Visitor,  or  that  Morley,  defeated  in  Ritchell's 
case,  had  counselled  this  mode  of  procedure.  The  King  re- 
ferred the  matter  to  the  Visitor,  who  reported  that  'the 
proceedings  were  not  agreeable  to  the  Statutes  of  the  College, 
but  that  many  irregularities  had  been  committed,  which,  if 
permitted  or  connived  at,  might  tend  to  the  violation  of  the 
discipline  and  government  settled  in  the  College.'  Hereupon, 
the  appeal  was  remitted  to  the  Bishop's  absolute  determina- 
tion, as  '  the  sole  Visitor  of  the  College,  and  the  proper  judge 
of  any  differences  that  might  arise  in  it.'  Morley,  armed  with 
this  plenary  authority,  proceeded  to  make  the  utmost  use  of 
it  for  the  humiliation  of  the  College.  In  a  long  decision, 
dated  Feb.  8,  167^,  and  copied,  by  his  orders,  together  with 
the  other  documents,  into  the  College  Register,  he  decrees 
Curtois'  restoration  to  his  probationership,  and,  immediately 
afterwards,  his  admission  to  actuality,  together  with  a  full 
pecuniary  indemnity  for  any  losses  he  might  have  sustained 
during  the  period  of  his  expulsion,  on  the  sole  condition  that 
he  should  make  an  abject  apology  for  his  offence,  and  implore 
the  Divine  forgiveness,  on  his  knees,  publicly,  at  dinner  time, 
in  the  Hall.  But  with  this  humiliation  of  Curtois  he  couples 
an  almost  equally  humiliating  requirement  addressed  to  the 
Fellows  who  had  taken  part  in  his  expulsion,  commanding 
them  to  sign  a  paper  '  acknowledging  their  fault  and  offence,' 
in  not  previously  consulting  the  Visitor  on  the  meaning  of  the 


MORLEY' S  ARROGANCE  AND  SELF-ASSERTION.     253 

statute  under  which  they  acted,  and  begging  his  pardon  in  the 
most  humble  form  of  words  which  persons  in  their  position 
could  be  asked  to  subscribe.  Those  that  were  absent  were  to 
repair  to  the  College  for  the  purpose,  and  the  document  was 
to  be  signed  by  those  who  were  present  within  two  days  of 
its  reception.  The  tone  both  of  this  document  and  of  the  one 
to  be  noticed  presently  is  as  insolent  and  overbearing  as  the 
pride  and  arrogance  of  office  could  inspire.  We  are  glad  to 
find  that  the  form  sent  was  never  subscribed  at  all,  and  no 
form  till  several  days  after  the  prescribed  limit,  during  which 
time  probably  negotiations  were  going  on  between  the  Visitor 
and  the  Fellows.  Curtois,  of  course,  made  his  acknowledg- 
ment in  the  form  in  which  it  was  sent. 

The  formal  determination,  by  which  Curtois  was  re-instated, 
was  followed,  on  the  aoth  of  June,  by  another  document, 
equally  insolent  and  self-asserting,  in  which  certain  injunc- 
tions were  promulgated  by  Morley  in  his  visitatorial  capacity. 
The  injunctions  were  to  the  following  effect :  ist,  that,  when- 
ever there  was  any  difference  of  opinion  as  to  the  meaning  of 
a  statute,  even  if  there  were  only  one  dissentient,  recourse 
should  be  had  to  the  Visitor,  for  his  decision ;  and,  that,  in 
future,  no  Fellow,  Probationer,  or  Scholar  should  be  expelled 
unless  for  one  of  the  crimina  majora1  enumerated  in  the 
statute,  or,  in  case  he  were  guilty  of  one  of  the  crimina 
minora,  after  three  admonitions  and  three  punishments,  in  an 
ascending  scale,  with  the  intimation  that,  otherwise,  even  if 
the  President  and  Fellows  were  unanimous  in  their  sentence, 
the  Visitor  would,  on  appeal,  restore  him ;  3rd,  that,  hence- 
forth, all  female  bed-makers  should  be  immediately  and  for 
ever  discontinued  2,  and  males  alone  employed  (a  wise  provi- 
sion of  the  Founder,  with  regard  to  the  common  servants, 

1  Notorious  incontinency  is,  however,  one  of  the  '  crimina  majora '  enumerated 
in  cap.  49.     Of  course,  a  question  might  be  raised  as  to  the  exact  meaning  of  the 
word  '  notorious.' 

2  Morley  speaks  of  young  women,  '  illaeque  infimse  conditionis  nee  semper  bonse 
famse  et  indolis,'  as  often  employed  on  these  duties,  and  that  as  attendants  not 
only  on  the  senior  but  on  the  junior  members  of  the  College,  and  on  commoners 
as  well  as  members  of  the  foundation.     This  practice  was  probably  in  use,  at  that 
time,  in  other  Colleges  as  well  as  Corpus. 


254      LOW  STATE  OF  MORALITY  AND  HONOUR. 

which  he  would  doubtless  have  extended  to  the  bed-makers, 
had  they  existed  in  his  time).  Lastly,  he  orders  that  all 
these  injunctions  shall  be  read  aloud  in  the  presence  of  the 
Fellows  and  Scholars  assembled  in  the  Hall  or  Chapel  for  the 
purpose  (a  curious  incentive  to  youthful  virtue  and  discipline), 
and  entered  in  the  Register  by  a  Notary  Public.  The  record 
remains  in  an  enduring  form  and  probably  will  remain  for 
centuries — but  not  to  Morley's  credit  or  that  of  the  times  in 
which  he  lived. 

This  whole  affair  is  curiously  characteristic  of  the  Restora- 
tion period.  Curtois  must  have  smiled,  as  he  referred  his 
cause  to  the  King.  And  His  Sacred  Majesty,  if  he  became 
personally  cognisant  of  it,  must  have  been  glad  to  devolve 
such  a  business  on  the  Visitor,  while  the  Bishop  would  hardly 
be  extreme  to  mark  amiss  vices  ratified  by  so  high  a  sanction 
and  so  much  in  vogue  in  fashionable  society l. 

Curtois'  case  was  soon  followed  by  a  plentiful  crop  of  appeals 
or  references  to  the  Visitor,  a  result  which  seems  indeed  to 
have  been  invited  by  his  strictures  on  the  conduct  of  the  Fellows 
in  that  matter.  But  the  enumeration  of  the  cases  would  be  so 
tedious  to  the  reader,  and  the  subjects  of  dispute,  such  as  the 
proper  time  of  taking  the  B.A.  Degree,  the  mode  of  reckoning 
seniority,  the  question  whether  a  Prebend  can  be  held  with  a 
Fellowship,  &c.,  are  now  of  so  little  interest,  that  I  shall  make 

1  An  offence  even  more  disgraceful  than  that  of  Curtois  occurred  in  the  College 
this  same  year,  the  two,  when  taken  together,  revealing  the  low  state  of  morality 
and  honour  to  which  the  College  had  now  sunk.  Two  scholars,  according  to 
Wood  (Ath.  Ox.  sub  John  Bradshaw),  John  Bradshaw  and  Robert  Newlin,  the 
latter  a  nephew  of  the  President,  broke  into  the  chamber  of  one  of  the  Senior 
Fellows,  John  Wickes,  early  in  the  morning  of  July  13,  robbed  him,  and  even 
endeavoured  to  murder  him  in  bed,  while  asleep.  '  For  which  fact,'  says  Wood, 
'  being  both  apprehended,  were  secured  in  the  college  for  one  night :  in  which 
time  Neulin,  by  the  connivance  of  the  same  President,  made  his  escape ;  but  Brad- 
shaw, being  committed  prisoner  to  the  Castle  at  Oxon,  and  afterwards  found 
guilty  for  what  he  had  done,  at  an  assize  held  in  the  town  hall  there,  was  con- 
demned to  dye  for  the  same  on  the  27th  of  the  same  month  of  July.  Afterwards, 
being  remitted  to  his  prison,  continued  a  whole  year  there,  and  then  was  reprieved.' 
Wood  gives  an  account  of  the  same  event  in  his  Diary,  under  July  13, 1677.  The 
only  material  circumstances  which  he  adds  are  that  the  two  students  were 
'  atheists '  and  that  the  instrument  was  a  hammer,  the  head  of  which  fell  off,  '  and 
so  he  was  saved.'  Bradshaw  'afterwards  taught  school  in  Kent.' 


OFFENCE  OF  WEARING  PERIWIGS.  255 

no  attempt  to  describe  them.  Bp.  Morley  seems  to  have 
positively  revelled  in  these  nice  questions  of  statutable  inter- 
pretation, and  he  discusses  them  with  evident  gusto  and  at 
inordinate  length.  One  case  alone,  the  Cox  and  Hellier  case, 
on  the  proper  time  of  a  Scholar's  taking  his  B.A.  degree, 
with  various  excursions  into  other  subjects,  occupies  twenty- 
four  large  quarto  pages  in  the  volume l  containing  a  fair  copy 
of  the  principal  Visitatorial  decisions,  and  considerably  more 
than  a  third  of  this  whole  volume  is  appropriated  to  Morley's 
compositions.  In  the  decision,  to  which  I  have  just  alluded, 
he  sometimes  assumes  a  bantering,  almost  a  rollicking,  tone, 
as  where  he  tells  the  Fellows  that,  '  although  it  had  been 
better  for  them  and  for  himself  and  for  the  credit  of  their 
Society,  if  they  would  or  could  have  agreed  amongst  them- 
selves, yet,  seeing  they  would  not  or  could  not,  they  have 
done  well,  by  coming  to  him,  to  take  that  course  which  must 
make  them  agree,  whether  they  will  or  not.'  He  speaks,  in 
this  document,  of  the  President  as  one  whom  '  I  know  to  be 
a  right  good  man,  and  apter  to  forgive  injuries  than  to  do 
any,'  but,  in  another  place,  adroitly  quotes  the  expression 
'  the  President  and  his  party '  used  in  one  of  the  communi- 
cations addressed  to  him,  remarking  '  for  I  see  you  are  divided 
into  parties.'  At  the  end,  he  returns,  in  a  Postcript,  to  his 
old  abominations,  the  '  Periwigs.'  Considering  that  the  pas- 
sage was  written  so  late  as  1680  2,  it  is  curious  enough  to  be 
worth  transcription. 

'  As  for  the  clause  alleged  out  of  the  Statute  De  Vestitu  et  Ornatu, 
though  I  confess  it  to  be  foreign  to  the  business  properly  and 
principally  referred  unto  me,  yet  I  did  think  it  worth  the  stepping 
a  little  out  of  my  way  to  give  you  my  sense  of  your  Founder's 
intention  and  meaning  in  it,  which  was  no  doubt  to  forbid  the 

1  No.  25  in  my  Catalogue. 

2  Under  the  date  of  May,  1679,  Wood,  in  his  Diary  (ed.  Clark,  vol.  ii.  p.  451) 
has  this  entry :  '  Is  it  not  a  shame  that  a  Bac.  of  Div.  of  C.  C.  C.,  Henry  Hill, 
should  ride  in  his  coloured  velvet  coat  and  perwig  tied  up  with  black  ribbon 
about  16  May?'     In  a  subsequent  entry  he  says,  '  'Twas  a  hair  coat,  look'd  like 
velvet.'     This  affectation  of  a  lay  mode  of  dress  on  the  part  of  clerics  no  doubt 
gave  much  scandal  to  sober-minded  persons,  and  it  probably  betokened,  in  many 
cases,  a  free  way  of  living. 


256  SLOWNESS  OF  THE  SUCCESSION. 

wearing  of  hair  of  an  exorbitant  length,  whether  it  were  their  own 
hair  or  a  perriwig,  and  he  would  no  doubt  have  forbid  the  latter  by 
name  much  more  than  the  former,  had  it  then  been  in  fashion, 
as  now  it  is,  because  thereby  the  Clergy  do  much  more  <rv<rxnpaTi£ft* 
cavTovs  TW  alS>vi  rovra,  as  St  Paul  calls  it,  conform  themselves  to  the 
world,  and  the  extravagant  fashions  of  the  world,  by  assimilating 
themselves  to  the  Laity  (which  your  Founder  would  not  have  them 
to  do),  than  by  wearing  too  long  hair  of  their  own,  though  he  would 
not  have  them  to  do  that  neither.  And  certain  it  is  that  where 
the  lesser  transgression  of  a  law  is  forbidden,  there  the  greater 
transgression  of  the  same  law  must  be  understood  to  be  forbidden 
also.  Lay  your  hands  therefore  upon  your  hearts,  and  seriously 
consider  what  you  are  to  do  in  this  particular.  Ego  animam  meam 
liberavi.  And  yet  I  am  not  so  severe  as  to  enjoin  those  that  wear 
perriwigs  presently  to  cast  them  off,  before  their  own  hair  is  grown 
to  a  decent  length,  or  to  forbid  those  that  are  aged  or  sickly  to 
wear  a  border  of  hair  with  a  black  cap,  and  what  they  will  under  it, 
to  keep  their  heads  and  their  necks  warm,  so  the  border  of  the  hair 
be  not  (to  use  the  words  of  the  Founder)  in  collo  vel  in  fronte  nimis 
protensa,  with  which  limitation  I  declare  the  wearing  of  such  a 
border  of  hair  to  be  no  breach  of  the  Statute.' 

So  attenuated  had  the  College  become  at  this  period,  and 
so  slow  was  the  succession  on  the  foundation,  that  we  read,  in 
the  University  Matriculation  Book,  under  the  name  of  the 
College  in  the  year  1678,  '  Nemo  hoc  anno  hinc  matriculatus 
est,'  there  having  been  only  two  matriculations  the  year 
before,  and  there  being  only  two  the  year  after ;  while,  in  the 
College  Buttery  Book  for  the  academical  year  1680-1,  during 
the  greater  part  of  the  time,  there  occur  the  names  of  only 
two  Undergraduate  Scholars,  and  nine  Undergraduates  alto- 
gether, even  one  of  these  being  out  of  residence.  On  the 
other  hand,  by  far  the  greater  part  of  the  Fellows,  in  addition 
to  the  President  and  the  two  Chaplains,  habitually  resided 
within  the  College,  so  that,  including  M.A.  Scholars,  there 
seem,  at  this  period,  to  have  been  about  25  or  26  Doctors  or 
Masters  of  Arts  generally  resident  at  a  time,  about  10  B.A.'s, 
and  8  Undergraduates.  One  cannot  help  wondering  how  the 
Senior  members  of  the  College  occupied  their  time  !  Few  of 
them  probably  were  Students,  and,  some  of  the  other  Colleges 


PARLIAMENT  AGAIN  MEETS  IN  OXFORD.        257 

being  much  in  the  same  condition,  the  supply  of  clerical  and 
tutorial  work  must  have  been  as  nothing  amongst  so  many. 
In  this  calculation  I  have  taken  no  account  of  any  Under- 
graduates whose  names  do  not  occur  in  the  Buttery  books, 
though,  from  comparing  with  them  the  University  Matricula- 
tion books,  it  would  seem  as  if  there  were  three  or  four  such 
about  this  time. 

In  the  spring  of  168^,  the  Parliament  met  in  Oxford,  which 
involved  the  presence  of  the  Court  with  its  attendant  courtiers 
and  their  followers.  Adequate  accommodation  could  only  be 
procured  by  making  requisitions  on  some  of  the  Colleges, 
and  in  Wood's  Diary  (ed.  Clark,  vol.  ii.  p.  522)  we  read,  under 
Jan.  27,  that  king's  letters  were  read  in  Convocation  '  signify- 
ing that  he  had  ordered  his  parliament  to  sit  at  Oxon,  M. 
21  March  ;  that  he  would  have  Ch.  Ch.,  Corp.  Xti,  and  Merton 
Coll.  for  the  use  of  him  and  his  court ;  other  colleges  for  his 
privie  counsill  and  parliament  men.  And  that  there  might 
be  full  roome  made,  he  commands  that  the  junior  scholars 
depart  to  their  homes  and  that  the  time  of  absence  go  for 
their  degrees,  as  if  present.1  On  Feb.  1 1  '  some  of  the  Lord 
Chamberlaine's  servants  came  to  view  Ch.  Ch.,  Corp.  Xti,  and 
Merton  Coll.  for  those  in  the  court  to  lodge  in.'  On  March 
14,  the  king  and  queen  came  to  Oxford,  where  they  were 
received  with  boisterous  enthusiasm.  The  houses  of  Parlia- 
ment were  opened  on  the  2ist,  but,  on  the  28th,  the  king, 
from  alarm  at  the  vigorous  action  of  the  House  of  Commons, 
'  sending  for  the  Speaker  and  Commons  dissolved  (without 
ceremony  of  attendance,  as  heralds,  &c.)  the  parliament,  to 
the  amazement  of  all.'  The  king  departed  that  very  day, 
the  queen  the  next  day,  and  the  nobility  gradually  disap- 
peared during  the  next  few  days.  But  the  '  junior  scholars  ' 
of  Corpus,  i.  e.  the  Bachelors  and  Undergraduates,  who  had 
made  room  for  the  courtiers,  took  advantage,  as  we  learn 
from  the  Buttery  Book,  of  the  indulgence  granted  by  the 
king's  letters  and  prolonged  their  holiday  for  about  a  month 
after  their  chambers  were  vacated.  The  names  of  the  tem- 
porary occupants  do  not  appear  in  the  Book. 

Morley  died  Oct.  29,  1684,  not  many  months  before  the 

S 


258  DEATH  OF  MORLEY  AND  NEWLYN* 

king,  and  was  succeeded  by  Peter  Mews  or  Meaux,  formerly 
President  of  St.  John's,  and  then  Bishop  of  Bath  and  Wells — 
a  militant  prelate,  who,  having  taken  up  arms  for  Charles 
the  First,  while  a  Fellow  of  St.  John's,  appeared,  after  he 
became  Bishop  of  Winchester,  and  when  he  was  over  65  years 
of  age,  in  actual  service  for  James  the  Second  during  Mon- 
mouth's  rebellion.  With  the  exception  of  his  sanctioning  a 
determination  of  the  President  and  Fellows  with  regard  to 
the  mode  of  settling  the  value  of  a  living  tenable  with  a 
Fellowship,  there  is  no  record  of  his  having  intervened  in  the 
affairs  of  the  College  during  Newlyn's  Presidency. 

The  old  President  died,  over  90  years  of  age,  and  more 
than  47  years  from  his  first  election  to  the  Presidency,  on 
March  6,  I68I1.  He  is  buried  in  the  ante-chapel,  and  in  the 
chapel  there  is  a  monument  to  his  memory,  with  the  fine 
epitaph  which  follows : 

Annis  fere  xn  expulsus, 

Tandem  Redeunte  Rege, 

Et  Restaurata  Ecclesia, 

Collegio  sibi  reddito 

restitutus, 

Ad  annum  usque  nonagesimum, 
Et  mensem  insuper  tertium 

Vitam  produxit. 
Mortem  obiit  Mart.  vi°  ciDiocLXXXVii. 


M.S. 

Viri  Reverend! 

ROBERTI   NEWLIN,   S.T.P. 
Et  Hujns  Collegii 
Annos  ultra  XLVII 

Prsesidis : 

Qui  ob  fidem 

Regi,  Ecclesise,  Collegio 

Servatam 


In  or  about  the  years  1675  and  6,  the  present  screen  and 
stalls  were  erected  in  the  chapel,  the  present  pavement  laid 
down,  and,  at  the  same  time,  probably  some  alterations  made 
for  the  worse,  such  as  the  removal  of  brasses  and  other  monu- 
ments from  the  chapel,  and  the  effacement  of  some  of  the 
more  ancient  features  of  the  building2.  The  vestry,  frequently 

1  Wood  (Life  and  Times,  ed.  Clark,  vol.  iii.  p.  258)  says  his  death  '  hapned 
from  a  soare  foot  which  caused  the  toes  to  rot  off.' 

2  The  alterations  enumerated  by  Wood  (Hist,  and  Antiq.  of  the  Colleges  and 
Halls,  Account  of  Corpus)  are :  '  the  floor  paved  with  black  and  white  marble, 
the  walls  lined  with  wainscot,  the  roof  painted  and  gilded,  new  stalls,  and  a 
screen  of  cedar  wood  set  up,  the  inner  chapel  lengthened  towards  the  west,  and 
more  room  made  in  the  outer,  by  taking  short  the  east  end  of  the  Library  that 
looked  into  it.'     Till  these  changes  were  made,  '  the  inside  of  the  chapel,'  accord- 
ing to  Wood,  'continued  in  that  condition  as  the  Founder  left  it,'  a  remark  which 


ALTERATIONS  IN  THE  CHAPEL.  259 

mentioned  in  the  early  accounts  of  the  College,  which  seems 
to  have  been  attached  to  the  north-east  side  of  the  Chapel, 
may  have  been  removed  about  this  time.  A  large  subscription 
was  raised  for  these  alterations,  to  which  Mr.  Davies,  one  of 
the  Chaplains,  who  had  originally  suggested  the  work,  con- 
tributed no  less  than  £220. 

The  most  noted  of  the  fellows  and  scholars  admitted 
during  the  second  portion  of  Newlyn's  Presidency  were : 
Benjamin  Parry,  formerly  of  Trinity  College,  Dublin,  and 
Jesus  College,  Oxford,  appointed  Greek  Reader  and  elected 
Fellow  in  1660,  afterwards  Dean  of  St.  Patrick's  and  Bishop 
of  Ossory ;  Thomas  Turner,  admitted  Scholar,  1663,  Newlyn's 
successor  in  the  Presidency;  John  Pottinger,  from  whose 
interesting  autobiography  I  quoted  some  pages  back,  ad- 
mitted Scholar  in  1664 ;  and  William  Hallifax,  admitted 
Scholar  in  1674,  Chaplain  at  Aleppo,  who  presented  to  the 
College  the  beautiful  silver  bowl  inlaid  with  ancient  coins. 
To  this  meagre,  and  not  very  distinguished  list  of  Fellows 
and  Scholars,  I  can  find  only  one  other  name  of  sufficient 
mark,  to  be  added  from  the  other  members  of  the  College. 
This  is  that  of  Richard  Fiddis  or  Fiddes,  author  of  a  Life 
of  Wolsey  and  many  other  works,  who  is  entered  in  the 
University  Matriculation  Book  as  having  matriculated  from 
C.  C.  C.  on  Oct.  21,  1687.  His  case,  being  possibly  typical 
of  several  others  at  this  and  earlier  periods,  deserves  special 
notice.  The  name  nowhere  occurs  in  the  Corpus  books, 
though  not  only  are  the  Buttery  Books  at  this  period  com- 
plete, but  there  happens  to  be  extant  a  Battel-book  for  1687-8, 
in  which  there  is  no  trace  of  his  name.  Yet  both  from  the 

makes  us  deplore  this  seventeenth  century  '  restoration,'  however  necessary  it  may 
have  been  to  effect  repairs. 

It  might  be  inferred  from  the  list  of  subscriptions  given  in  the  Liber  Bene- 
factorum,  that  the  date  of  these  alterations  was  1666,  the  subscriptions  for  the 
Common  room,  which  was  built  in  or  about  1666  or  7,  being  mixed  up  with  those 
for  the  alterations  in  the  chapel.  But  two  letters  in  Fulman's  hand-writing,  dated 
respectively  May  20  and  July  20,  1675,  make  it  certain  that  they  must  have  been 
carried  out  about  ten  years  later.  See  MS.  428  in  the  College  Library.  The  date 
in  Wood's  Antiquities  of  the  Colleges  and  Halls  (sub  C.  C.  C.)  is,  therefore, 
approximately  right. 

S  2 


260  POOR  STUDENTS  AT  CORPUS. 

University  Matriculation  Register  and  from  the  entry  in  the 
books  of  University  College,  whither  he  migrated  (probably 
on  account  of  the  advantages  there  offered  to  Yorkshiremen) 
on  March  19,  i6f|-,  it  is  certain  that  he  was  once  at  Corpus. 
I  conclude,  therefore,  that  he  must  have  been  either  one  of 
the  '  famuli  Collegii,'  who  were  entered  in  the  books  officially 
and  not  by  name,  or,  more  probably,  a  servitor,  of  which 
class  neither  the  extant  Buttery  books,  with  the  possible 
exception  of  that  for  1648-9,  nor  the  Battel-books  take  any 
cognisance l. 

1  One  of  these  Battel-books,  that  for  1723-4,  confirms  a  conclusion  at  which  we 
should  otherwise  arrive  from  a  comparison  of  the  University  Matriculation  books 
with  the  College  Buttery  books,  namely,  that,  during  the  period  from  the  Restora- 
tion to  1 736,  after  which  year  the  entries  in  the  Matriculation  and  Buttery  books 
coincide,  the  College  occasionally  filled  vacant  rooms  with  ordinary  Commoners, 
or  possibly  Battelers,  a  class  of  students  who,  though  not  Servitors,  were  able  to 
live  more  cheaply  than  ordinary  Commoners,  and  whose  names  usually  appeared 
only  in  the  Battel-books.  Many  of  the  students  whose  names  occur  in  the 
Matriculation  books  but  not  in  the  Buttery  books,  matriculated  as  cler.  fil.  or 
gen.  fil.  (cf.  p.  279,  n.  2),  and  even  one  or  two  as  arm.  fil.,  and,  hence,  we  can. 
hardly  suppose  that  they  were  Servitors,  at  a  time  when  this  title  implied  the 
actual  performance  of  menial  work.  Yet  that  some  of  the  students  at  Corpus  were 
Servitors,  there  can  be  no  doubt.  Several  who,  like  Fiddes,  matriculated  as 
pleb.  fil.,  and  whose  names  do  not  occur  in  the  Buttery  books,  were  probably 
either  Servitors  or  '  famuli  Collegii.'  Some  actually  matriculated  as  'Servi,'  and 
those  who  matriculated  as  '  pauper '  or  '  pauperis  filius '  (which,  and  not  '  pauper,' 
I  may  here  remark,  in  correction  of  my  note  on  p.  50,  was  the  usual  designation 
of  a  poor  student  in  the  Matriculation  books  of  the  seventeenth  century)  must, 
I  imagine,  have  almost  invariably  belonged  to  one  of  these  classes.  Between  1643 
and  1693,  a  period  of  fifty  years,  we  may  count  the  names  of  twenty-two  persons 
who  were  matriculated  under  one  of  these  three  designations.  Of  these>  it  seems 
from  Foster's  Al.  Ox.  that  thirteen  took  Degrees,  and  that,  of  the  remaining  nine, 
three  became  clergymen,  and  two  were  probably  members  of  Gray's  Inn.  Four 
failures  out  of  the  whole  number  would  not  be  a  large  proportion,  and,  therefore, 
we  should  probably  not  be  wrong  in  supposing  that  all  these  persons  availed 
themselves  of  the  privileges  of  an  academical  education.  At  this  time,  most  of 
the  '  famuli  Collegii '  had  probably  come  to  be  persons  of  mature  age,  and  hence 
we  may  fairly  conclude  that  a  large  majority  of  these  students  were  servitors. 


CHAPTER  IX. 

THE  REVOLUTION  AND  THE  PERIOD  OF  WILLIAM 
THE  THIRD  AND  ANNE. 

WITH  the  next  Presidency,  that  of  Dr.  Thomas  Turner, 
begins  what  may  be  called  the  modern  period  of  the  College 
history.  The  materials,  however,  for  the  next  hundred  years, 
are,  curiously  enough,  slighter  than  for  the  previous  hundred 
and  seventy,  our  two  guides,  Fulman  and  Wood,  failing  us 
at  about  the  same  time.  The  last  date,  bearing  on  the  general 
history  of  the  College,  in  the  Fulman  MSS.  is  1678 ;  Wood's 
Annals  end  in  1660,  and  his  Athenae  Oxonienses  are  brought 
down,  in  Bliss'  edition,  only  to  1695,  the  year  of  his  death. 
Wood's  Diaries  and  other  autobiographical  notices,  now  being 
so  carefully  and  fully  edited  by  Mr.  Andrew  Clark,  under 
the  title  of  Wood's  Life  and  Times,  to  which  Mr.  Clark  has 
kindly  given  me  access,  reach  the  same  year.  Moreover  the 
hundred  years  intervening  between  the  abdication  of  James  II 
and  the  French  Revolution  are  an  eminently  quiescent,  and 
even  dull,  period  in  English  history,  and  the  history  of  the 
English  Universities  and  Colleges,  which  at  no  period  has 
been  less  distinguished  or  less  fruitful  in  results,  shared  in  the 
quiescence  and  even  more  than  shared  in  the  dulness. 

The  time  of  Dr.  Newlyn's  death  was  opportune  in  relation 
to  the  events  which  had  been  recently  agitating  the  Uni- 
versity. The  stubborn  resistance  of  the  Fellows  of  Magdalen, 
the  sympathy  felt  with  them  throughout  the  country,  and 
the  growing  discontent  with  the  Government,  did  not  en- 
courage the  King  or  his  Council  to  intervene  in  another 
College  election,  and  Dr.  Turner  seems  to  have  been  freely 
elected  by  the  Fellows  without  any  interference  from  outside. 


362  PRESIDENCY  OF  THOMAS  TURNER. 

Thomas  Turner  came  of  a  family  of  ecclesiastical  dignitaries. 
His  father,  who  bore  the  same  name,  had  suffered  much  for 
the  Royal  cause  during  the  Civil  War,  being  forced  at  one 
time  to  take  refuge  in  Wales1,  and,  immediately  after  the 
Restoration,  he  entered  into  possession  of  the  Deanery  of 
Canterbury  to  which  he  had  already  been  appointed,  Jan.  3, 
164!,  by  Charles  the  First.  His  elder  brother,  Francis 
Turner,  formerly  Fellow  of  New  College,  was  Bishop  of  Ely, 
and,  within  three  months  of  Dr.  Thomas  Turner's  election  to 
the  Presidentship,  had  been  one  of  the  Seven  Bishops  committed 
to  the  Tower.  The  portraits,  in  oil,  of  the  Seven  Bishops, 
left  by  Dr.  Turner  to  the  President's  Lodgings,  are,  doubtless, 
a  memento  of  this  event.  Subsequently,  Dr.  Francis  Turner 
refused  to  take  the  oaths  to  William  the  Third,  and,  according 
to  Wood  (Ath.  Ox.  sub  nomine),  on  '  a  pretended  discovery 
of  a  pretended  plot  of  the  Jacobites  or  non-jurors,'  '  withdrew 
and  absconded.'  The  mother  of  the  Turners  was  Margaret, 
daughter  of  Sir  Francis  Windebank,  principal  Secretary  of 
State  to  Charles  the  First.  The  new  president,  who  was  a 
native  of  Bristol,  born  on  Sept.  20 2,  1645,  had  been  admitted 
to  a  Gloucestershire  Scholarship,  at  the  instance,  as  we  have 
already  seen,  of  Bishop  Morley,  on  Oct.  6,  1663.  He  became 
Probationary  Fellow  on  Dec.  24,  1672,  and  was  elected  Presi- 
dent on  March  13,  i68|,  exactly  a  week  after  Newlyn's  death. 
Possibly  the  election  was  hurried  on,  to  diminish  the  chance 
of  any  interference  from  the  Court.  Turner  had  already 
taken  his  D.D.  Degree,  and  had,  for  some  years,  been  Arch- 
deacon of  Essex.  He  was  also  Canon  of  Ely.  These  pre- 
ferments he  resigned  soon  after  his  election  to  the  Presidency, 
but,  about  the  same  time,  he  became  Canon  and  Precentor 
of  St.  Paul's,  which  offices  he  retained  till  his  death,  as 
well  as  sinecure  Rector  of  Fulham.  Unlike  his  brother,  he 
did  not  refuse  to  take  the  oaths  to  William  the  Third,  but, 

1  See  a  paper  by  Joshua  Reynolds  in  the  Corpus  portion  of  the  MS.  J.  Walker, 
c.  8,  in  the  Bodleian.     Dr.  Turner's  'study  and  all  his  goods  were  plundered, 
never  restored,  nor  any  satisfaction  made  him.'     Some  of  the  books  found  their 
way  to  Dr.  Staunton,  then  Vicar  of  Kingston  on  Thames.     A  few  of  these  he 
afterwards  restored  to  Dr.  Francis  Turner,  when  a  young  Fellow  of  New  College. 

2  So  stated  in  the  College  Register.     On  his  monument  it  is  given  as  Sept.  19. 


PRECAUTIONS  AGAINST  CONCEALED  ROMANISTS.  263 

in  the  Register  of  Admissions,  there  are  two  curious  indi- 
cations of  his  political  sentiments,  which  he  probably  shared 
with  the  Fellows,  or  at  least  a  majority  of  them.  On  the 
very  day  of  James  the  Second's  abdication,  Dec.  n,  1688,  a 
Scholar,  Edmund  Brickenden,  was  admitted,  as  if  the  day 
had  been  specially  selected  for  the  purpose,  '  Anno  Regni 
Domini  nostri  Jacobi  Secundi  nunc  Regis  Angliae  &c.  Quarto.' 
The  word  'nunc'  had  not  been  previously  inserted  in  this 
formula,  and  must  have  been  designedly  introduced.  This 
circumstance  is  rendered  the  more  significant,  because  in  the 
next  admission  (July  18,  1689)  the  regnal  year  is  omitted 
altogether,  as  it  is  from  that  time  forward.  Thus,  a  practice 
which  had  been  uniformly  observed  down  to  the  time  of 
William  the  Third,  and  which  was  then,  doubtless,  discon- 
tinued from  a  feeling  of  loyalty  to  the  exiled  monarch  and 
his  family,  ultimately  dropped  out  altogether  from  mere  de- 
suetude. These  indications  are  confirmed,  so  as  to  leave  us 
in  no  doubt,  by  an  entry  in  Hearne's  Diary l  under  May  7, 
1 708,  where  he  classes  Dr.  Turner  with  the  Bishop  of  London 
(Henry  Compton),  Dr.  Smalridge,  and  other  'honest  men,' 
meaning,  thereby,  of  course,  persons  with  Jacobite  proclivities. 
On  the  other  hand,  that  the  College,  or  at  least  a  majority  of 
it,  had,  at  this  time,  no  Romish  proclivities  is  evidenced  by  a 
curious  document,  in  which  Charles  Audley,  a  probationer 
fellow  of  two  years'  standing,  just  on  the  point  of  his  admission 
to  actuality,  enters  into  a  bond  of  £100  that  he  will  not  'in 
his  own  person  pursue,  obtain  or  impetrate,  or  cause  to  be 
pursued,  obtained  or  impetrated,  privily  or  openly,  directly 
or  indirectly,  from  the  Pope,  the  Court  of  Rome,  or  from  any 
other  person  or  place,  any  dispensation,  interpretation  or 
license  contrary  to  the  oaths  made  by  him  at  the  time  of  his 
admission  to  be  scholar  or  fellow,  or  to  any  part  of  the  same 
oaths,  or  contrary  to  the  ordinances  or  statutes  of  the  same 
College,  or  any  one  of  them.'  This  bond  is  dated  July  i, 
1689,  'Anno  regni  Wilhelmi  et  Mariae  primo/  and  seems  to 


1  Ed.  Doble,  vol.  ii.  p.  106.     A  longer  notice  of  Turner,  by  Hearne,  on  the 
occasion  of  his  death,  will  be  quoted  presently. 


2,64       SUCCESS  OF  TURNER'S  ADMINISTRATION. 

afford  proof  that  Audley  was  suspected  of  secret  Romanism, 
against  which  the  College  wished  to  protect  itself. 

Turner  seems  to  have  ruled  the  College  well,  wisely,  and 
peaceably1.  We  hear  of  no  scandals  during  his  Presidency, 
nor  have  we  any  evidence  of  any  internal  dissensions,  such  as 
were  so  common  in  the  days  of  Newlyn.  There  are  several 
appeals  or  references  to  the  Visitor,  but  they  are  not  on 
points  which  need  have  produced,  or  seem  to  have  produced, 
any  ill  feeling  in  the  College,  and  the  friendly  and  considerate 
tone  of  the  new  Visitor,  Mews,  contrasts  most  favourably 
with  the  arrogant  and  blustering  style  of  Morley.  Except 
from  these  appeals  or  references  to  the  Visitor,  and  the  altera- 
tions in  or  additions  to  the  College  buildings,  we  seem  to  know 
hardly  anything  of  the  general  history  of  the  College  during 
Turner's  Presidency.  We  are  deserted  by  our  old  authorities, 
Wood  and  Fulman,  Hearne's  gossip  deals  with  books  and 
individuals  rather  than  with  events,  and  it  is  not  till  the  year 
1748  that  we  have  the  advantage  of  official  records  in  the 
Act-books  of  the  Presidents. 

In  the  year  1700  a  subscription  was  started  for  the  purpose 
of  re-panelling  and  otherwise  altering  the  internal  arrange- 
ments of  the  Hall.  Handsome  sums,  for  those  days,  varying 
from  three  guineas  to  forty  pounds,  were  subscribed  by 
members  of  the  College,  past  and  present,  and  the  President, 
though  his  name  does  not  appear  in  the  list,  doubtless 
contributed  liberally.  The  alterations  were  probably  not  all 
improvements,  and  that  was  certainly  the  case,  if  the  '  under- 
drawing '  of  the  roof,  as  it  existed  in  the  early  years  of  many 
persons  now  in  middle  life,  was  executed  at  that  time.  Now, 
happily,  the  fine  mediaeval  roof  has  been  opened  up  again, 
and  displayed  in  its  full  proportions. 

In  1706,  Dr.  Turner,  with  rare  munificence  and  much  taste, 
set  about  the  erection,  on  the  site  of  an  old  cloister  south 

1  In  Hearne's  Diary  (ed.  Doble,  vol.  i.  p.  310,  sub  Dec.  4)  there  is  an  incidental 
testimony  to  the  educational  efficiency  of  the  College  in  Turner's  time.  '  Hearne 
to  F  Cherry.  Mr  Hayes  has  entered  his  son  (as  a  Gentleman-Commoner)  at 
C.  C.  C.  "  than  which,  I  think,  he  could  not  have  pick'd  out  a  better  in  the  whole 
University."' 


HIS  MUNIFICENCE.     TURNERS  BUILDINGS.      265 

of  the  chapel,  of  what  were  once  called  Turner's  and  are  now 
called  the  Fellows'  buildings,  including  the  present  cloister. 
In  point  of  comfort  and  convenience,  these  rooms,  most  of 
them  with  a  study  as  well  as  bed-room  annexed,  and  looking 
out  on  the  College  Garden  and  Christ  Church  Meadow,  are 
a  great  advance  on  the  older  chambers  in  the  large  Quad- 
rangle. They  were  completed  in  1712,  and  Hearne,  as  we 
shall  see  presently,  says  they  cost  about  £4000,  a  sum  which, 
in  the  altered  value  of  the  precious  metals,  would,  of  course, 
now  be  represented  by  a  much  larger  amount.  It  is  said 
that  they  were  designed  by  Dean  Aldrich,  and  they  certainly 
bear  a  very  close  resemblance  to  the  Anatomy  School  at 
Christ  Church  erected  about  the  same  period. 

Turner  died  April  29,  1714,  and  his  death  is  thus  recorded 
and  his  character  described  by  Hearne 1 : 

'On  Thursday,  April  2g\h,  1714,  died  Dr  Thomas  Turner  STP, 
President  of  Corpus  Christi  in  Oxford,  Prebendary  of  Ely  and 
Chauntor  of  St  Paul's.  He  died  after  two  o'clock  in  the  afternoon, 
and  left  about  14.000  libs  behind  him,  a  great  deal  of  which  he  left 
to  charitable  uses.  He  was  about  67  years  of  age'  (really  in  his 
69th  year),  'and  was  looked  upon  as  a  prudent  Man  and  a  good 
Scholar.  He  is  said  never  to  have  taken  the  Oaths '  (in  the  margin, 
there  is  this  note  made  subsequently  :  'Tis  a  mistake.  He  took 
all  the  Oaths2,  as  appears  since  his  Death)  'to  King  William  and 
Queen  Mary  and  the  present  Queen  Anne,  which  if  so,  it  makes 
me  have  a  much  better  opinion  of  him.  I  am  apt  to  think  he  did 
not  take  them,  because  of  his  being  brother  to  Dr  Francis  Turner, 
Bishop  of  Ely,  who  was  deprived  for  refusing  the  oaths,  and  because 
of  his  declining  offices  in  the  University'  (including,  probably, 

1  Vol.  50.  p.  97,  &c. 

2  This  statement  in  Hearne's  marginal  note,  so  far  at  least  as  concerns  the  Oath 
of  Allegiance,  which,  of  course,  must  be  distinguished  from  the  subsequent  Oath  of 
Abjuration,  receives  some  confirmation  from  an  entry  in  Wood's  Diary,  tinder 
Aug.  9,  1689  (Wood's  Life  and  Times,  ed.  Clark,  vol.  iii.  p.  307).     '  The  oath  of 
allegiance  to  King  William  was  to  be  taken  by  the  first  of  Aug.     Those  in  Oxon 
that  refused  it  were '  &c.     In  this  list  Turner's  name  does  not  occur.     Of  course,  it 
is  possible  that,  as  was  apparently  the  case  with  some  other  ecclesiastics  and 
academics,  he  was  allowed  further  time  for  consideration  ;  but  his  refusal  would 
certainly  have  been  notorious  and  could  hardly  have  escaped  the  lynx-eyed  curiosity 
of  Wood. 


266     TURNER  ACCUSED  OF  EVADING  THE  OATHS. 

the  Vice-Chancellorship)  '  &c.,  which  required  that  the  oaths  should 
be  tendered.  He  was  also  kind  to  the  nonjurors,  and  he  volun- 
tarily offered  me  a  Chaplainship  of  Corpus,  and  added  that  the 
Oaths  should  not  be  taken  by  me  for  qualification.  But,  notwith- 
standing that,  I  thought  fit  to  decline  his  kind  offer,  and  to  continue 
as  I  was.  He  was  a  very  good  Governor  and  a  great  benefactor 
to  his  College,  laying  out  about  £4000  in  a  fine'  (Ppile  or  piece) 
'  of  Buildings  on  the  South  side,  and  giving  them  money  by  his  Will 
and  all  his  books.' 

The  marginal  note  in  Hearne's  Diary  seems  to  dispose  of 
a  statement  made  by  Mr.  Bentham  in  his  History  of  Ely 
and,  after  him,  by  Alexander  Chalmers  in  his  Biographical 
Dictionary 1,  that  '  after  the  Act  passed  in  the  last  year  of 
King  William  III,  requiring  the  Abjuration  Oaths  to  be 
taken  before  Aug.  i,  1702,  under  penalty  of  forfeiting  all 
ecclesiastical  preferments,  Dr  Turner  went  down  from  London 
to  Oxford  July  28,  seemingly  with  full  resolution  not  to  take 
the  Oath,  but  to  quit  all  his  preferments :  but,  on  better 
advice,  he  made  no  resignation ;  knowing  that,  if  he  was 
legally  called  upon  to  prove  his  compliance  with  the  Act, 
his  preferments  would  be  void  in  course;  and  so  continued 
to  act,  as  if  he  had  taken  the  Oath :  by  which  means  he  kept 
his  preferments  to  his  death,  without  ever  taking  it  at  all.' 
I  have  shewn  in  a  note  that  this  statement,  taken,  without 
examination,  by  Chalmers  from  Bentham,  is  founded  on  some 
passages  in  Whiston's  Memoirs  which  stop  short  of  positive 

1  The  passage  in  Bentham's  history,  which  Chalmers  simply  copies,  is  founded 
on  some  statements  in  Whiston's  Memoirs  (2nd  ed.  pp.  178-186),  and  affords  a 
good  instance  of  the  different  degrees  of  conviction  which  may  be  carried  by  a 
story  in  its  original  form,  and  when  slightly  twisted.  Bentham  and  Chalmers 
speak  as  if  there  were  no  doubt  that  Turner  never  took  the  Abjuration  Oath.  But 
Whiston,  who  was  Bentham's  authority,  as  Bentham  was  Chalmers',  makes  no 
such  statement  positively,  though  he  may  wish  to  convey  that  impression.  What 
he  says  is  that  '  Dr  Turner  went  down  from  London  to  Oxford,  July  28th,  with 
a  resolution  {note  that  it  is  not  "  full  resolution  ")  not  to  take  the  oath,  but  to 
quit  all  his  preferments,'  and,  in  a  letter  to  Turner  himself  that '  I  was  pretty 
authentically  informed,  that  you  had  never  taken  that  abjuration  oath,  which  I  have 
since  heard  confirmed  from  more  hands  than  one,  and  those  such  as  I  believe  may  be 
depended  on.'  Turner,  it  appears,  never  answered  Whiston's  letter.  Now  there  is 
not  a  word  here  inconsistent  with  the  hypothesis  that  the  whole  story  was  a  piece 
of  idle  gossip. 


WHISTON'S  AUTHORITY  INCONCLUSIVE.          267 

assertion,  and  are  quite  consistent  with  the  hypothesis  that 
they  rested  merely  on  idle  gossip,  as  the  stories  which 
Hearne  had  heard  appear  to  have  done  also.  Turner, 
who  seems  to  have  had  several  non-juring  friends  and  who 
was  brother  of  a  non-juring  Bishop,  suspected  of  plotting 
against  the  government,  might  not  have  thought  himself 
concerned  to  deny  them.  Still  less  was  he  bound  to  enter 
on  the  question  with  Whiston,  whose  letter  was  written 
for  the  purpose  of  obtaining  money,  or  other  assistance, 
on  the  ground  that,  by  denouncing  Dr.  Turner  for  not 
having  taken  the  oath,  he  might  have  obtained  from  Bishop 
Patrick  the  Canonry  at  Ely  which  would  thereby  have  been 
forfeited. 

It  may  be  noticed  that,  in  this  portion  of  Whiston's  Memoirs, 
he  states  that  the  Presidency  of  Corpus  was  then  worth  £300 
a  year,  and  that  Turner  continued  Rector  of  Thar(Ther)- 
field  near  Royston,  worth  nearly  £300  a  year,  in  addition 
to  holding  Capitular  appointments.  We  know  that  he  had 
formerly  been, .if  he  was  not  now,  Rector  of  Thorley  in 
Herts,  and  that  he  was  instituted  to  the  sinecure  Rectory 
of  Fulham,  soon  after  his  election  to  the  Presidency.  We  can 
hardly,  therefore,  be  surprised,  especially  as  he  never  married, 
at  the  large  property  of  which,  as  we  shall  see  presently, 
he  was  possessed  at  his  death,  or  at  the  sums  of  money 
which,  during  his  life-time,  he  found  available  for  his  munifi- 
cent purposes.  Whiston,  notwithstanding  his  complaints  with 
regard  to  his  own  usage,  tells  us  that  on  enquiring  about 
Dr.  Turner's  character,  by  consideration  of  which  he  intended 
to  be  guided  as  to  whether  he  should,  or  should  not,  denounce 
him  as  a  non-juror,  he  found  that  it  '  was  not  only  in  general 
a  good  one,  but  that  he  was  one  of  the  greatest  exemplars 
and  promoters  of  learning,  virtue,  and  good  discipline  in  the 
University  of  Oxford.' 

Turner  is  buried  in  the  College  Chapel,  where,  as  also  at 
Stowe  Nine  Churches  in  Northamptonshire,  to  be  mentioned 
presently,  a  monument  was  erected,  with  a  lengthy  inscrip- 
tion, thoroughly  characteristic  of  the  time,  composed  by  one 
of  his  executors,  Edmond  Chishull,  formerly  Fellow  of  the 


268  TURNER'S  WILL. 

College  and  at  one  time  Chaplain  at  Smyrna  l.  The  inscrip- 
tions contain  nothing  remarkable  except  an  account  of  the 
disposal  of  his  property,  which  is  best  reserved  for  my  notice 
of  his  Will. 

The  Will  is  dated  Aug.  24,  1706,  and  a  Codicil  April  29, 
1714.  In  the  opening  sentences,  he  says:  'As  I  have  lived 
in  the  constant  communion  of  the  Church  of  England  as  by 
Law  established,  and  would  have  done  so,  if  it  had  not  been 
established  by  human  laws  but  prohibited  or  persecuted  by 
them,  so  by  the  Grace  of  God  I  resolve  stedfastly  to  continue 
and  die  in  it.'  '  The  temporal  estate  which  God  has  been 
pleased  to  bestow  upon  me  in  great  abundance,  without  any 
seeking  or  much  care  of  mine,  I  give  and  bequeath  as  follows.' 
First  come  a  number  of  legacies  to  his  relations.  Then  having 
'  pretty  well  satisfied  '  his  private  obligations,  and  '  the  expec- 
tations which  could  reasonably '  be  upon  him,  he  comes  to  his 
more  public  legacies.  '  In  the  first  place,  I  ought  to  think  of 
this  College,  the  place  where  I  had  my  education  and  have 
spent  the  greatest  and  best  part  of  my  life,  ajid  may  perhaps 
spend  the  remainder  of  it.'  He  then  provides  for  the  erection 
and  completion  of  the  Buildings  which  he  had  designed,  but 

1  Amongst  the  old  papers  connected  with  the  College,  there  is,  in  MS.  437  in  the 
Library,  an  interesting  letter  of  Chishull  to  Turner,  dated  Smyrna,  Sept.  20,  1701, 
requesting  the  President  to  find  him  a  successor  in  the  Chaplaincy.  He  recounts 
the  advantages  of  the  place — a  choice  Library,  an  agreeable  conversation,  a  di- 
verting country,  a  pleasant  abode,  a  free  table,  and  the  advantage  of  annually 
laying  up,  after  his  first  settlement,  the  value  of  £100  sterling.  His  successor,  as 
he  cannot '  here  credit  our  church  and  nation,  unless  he  be  well  verst  in  Academical 
learning,  so  neither  can  he  be  easy  to  himself  without  a  competent  degree  of 
courage,  temper,  and  discretion.'  He  speaks  of  this  and  the  like  congregations  as 
consisting  of  '  single  men  of  uncontrolled  liberty  and  violent  inclinations,  ac- 
customed to  getting  and  bred  up  in  the  arts  of  gain.'  Moreover  such  communities 
are  deprived  of  the  good  example  of  neighbouring  congregations,  and,  '  if  not 
exempt,  are  at  least  removed  out  of  the  reach  of  all  ecclesiastical  government.' 
The  first  circumstance  must  be  provided  against  by  the  unblemished  conversation 
of  the  incumbent,  the  second  by  his  prudence  and  dexterity  of  carriage.  '  Were  I 
not  sensible,'  he  proceeds,  'that  I  am  too  impertinent  in  suggesting  these  par- 
ticulars to  one  who  is  the  exactest  judge  both  of  things  and  persons,  I  would  have 
recommended  another  singular  qualification,  and  that  is  a  skilful  insight  into  the 
characters  of  men,  guarded  at  the  same  time  with  a  certain  charity  of  opinion,  and 
a  resolution  not  to  be  too  angry  with  the  views  of  the  place  or  age.'  The  chaplain 
was  evidently  expected  to  be  accommodating. 


HIS  DISPOSITION  OF  HIS  PROPERTY.  269 

which  seem  to  have  been  not  yet  commenced,  as  well  as 
for  the  enlargement  of  the  College  Library  (by  the  larger  of 
the  two  inner  rooms,  the  smaller  being  probably  added  at  a 
later  period),  leaving,  for  these  purposes,  ^2000,  and  whatever 
additional  sum  might  be  necessary;  the  legacy  to  lapse,  if  the 
works  are  completed  before  his  death.  He  also  leaves  to  the 
College  his  whole  '  Study  of  Books  Y  and  .£100  to  be  carried 
to  the  Tower,  and  'this  I  do  lest,  unwarily,  I  may  have 
wronged  the  College  at  any  time  when  I  was  Bursar  or 
Fellow  or  since  I  have  been  President  of  it,  by  any  mistake 
or  by  spending  upon  any  occasion  more  than  the  Founder 
allows,  which  I  take  to  be  wrong.'  He  also  devises  the  rents 
of  a  certain  meadow  at  Brill  for  certain  College  uses,  changed, 
afterwards,  by  a  Codicil,  into  a  stipend  for  the  Librarian.  He 
bequeaths  ^1000  to  the  Dean  and  Canons  of  Ely  for  the 
purchase  of  land,  the  rental  to  be  expended  on  the  improve- 
ment of '  the  poor  Lay  Singing-Men's  places,  which  are  very 
poor  indeed,'  besides  a  further  sum  of  £100,  for  binding  out 
some  poor  child  as  an  apprentice  to  some  honest  trade,  for 
which  purpose  he  also  leaves  sums  to  the  parishes  of  which 
he  had  been  incumbent.  There  are  also  several  legacies  and 
annuities  to  the  poor  of  Oxford,  to  his  executors,  to  personal 
friends,  and  to  servants,  past  and  present.  The  residue  of  his 
property,  which  he  thinks  will  be  '  pretty  considerable '  (said 
on  the  monuments  at  Corpus  and  Stowe  Nine  Churches  to 
have  amounted  to  .£20,000),  he  bequeaths  to  his  Executors, 
in  trust,  to  purchase  lands  or  rents,  to  be  settled  upon  '  the 
Governors  and  Trustees  of  the  Corporation  for  the  relief  of 
poor  Clergymen's  Widows  and  Orphans,'  i.  e.  the  Corporation 
which,  originally  founded  in  1655,  now  goes  by  the  name  of 
the  '  Corporation  of  the  Sons  of  the  Clergy.'  His  Executors 
purchased,  in  addition  to  some  other  lands,  the  Manor  of 

1  Dr.  Turner's  Collection  of  Books,  of  which  a  contemporary  Catalogue  exists  in 
the  College  Library,  was,  for  those  times,  a  very  large  and  valuable  one,  including 
a  great  number  of  pamphlets  on  various  subjects,  many  of  them  now  rare.  The 
books  are  mainly  classical  or  theological,  the  patristic  and  liturgical  works  being 
specially  notable  under  the  latter  head.  As  he  permitted  duplicates  to  be  disposed 
of,  several  of  the  books  in  this  Catalogue  are  now  found  without  his  book-plate, 
being  probably  the  copies  which  the  College  already  possessed. 


270  TURNER'S  THEOLOGICAL  OPINIONS. 

Stowe  Nine  Churches  in  Northamptonshire,  where,  as  already 
stated,  there  is,  as  well  as  in  the  College  Chapel,  a  monument, 
with  a  lengthy  inscription,  to  his  memory.  The  new  buildings 
in  the  College,  together  with  the  addition  to  the  Library, 
seem,  as  appears  from  Hearne's  Diary,  already  quoted,  to 
have  cost  about  .£4000,  instead  of  about  £2000,  as  Turner 
anticipated.  Probably  the  design  and  expenditure  grew 
under  his  hands. 

Though  the  evidence  afforded  by  Dr.  Turner's  library, 
especially  the  theological  portion  of  it,  as  well  as  the  various 
scattered  notices  we  have  of  him,  would  lead  us  to  suppose 
that  he  was  a  man  of  culture  and  erudition,  the  only  publica^ 
tion,  bearing  his  name,  is  a  single  sermon,  preached  at  White- 
hall on  May  29,  1685.  From  the  title-page  of  this  Sermon 
we  learn  that  he  was  Chaplain  to  James  the  Second,  who  had 
recently  ascended  the  throne.  Whether  he  occupied  the  same 
position  in  the  Court  of  Charles  the  Second,  I  am  not  aware. 
The  Sermon,  though  well  composed,  contains  nothing  re- 
markable (for  somewhat  fulsome  flattery  of  Charles  the 
Second  could,  at  that  time,  hardly  be  regarded  as  such), 
except  a  criticism,  not  without  acuteness,  of  Hobbes'  posi- 
tion that  a  state  of  nature  is  a  state  of  war.  In  the  Bodleian 
Library  there  are  some  fragments  of  MS.  sermons1,  which 
seem  to  be  of  a  plain,  practical  character,  and  also  two 
printed  tracts,  published  anonymously,  which  are  attributed 
to  Turner.  The  two  latter,  which  are  contained  in  the  same 
volume,  are  entituled  respectively :  '  The  Christian  Eucharist 
no  proper  sacrifice,  In  answer  to  a  late  book  of  Mr  Johnson's 
intituled  "The  Unbloody  Sacrifice  and  Altar/"  London  1714; 
'  A  Defence  of  the  Doctrine  and  Practice  of  the  Church  of 
England  against  some  modern  Innovations,  In  a  letter  to  a 
Friend,'  London  1712.  If  these  tracts  were  really  written  by 
Turner,  they  show  unmistakeably  that,  not  only  was  he  not 
Romishly  inclined,  but  that  he  had  no  sympathy  with  the 
extreme  high-church  developments  of  the  Non-Jurors.  The 
writer  of  both  treatises,  and,  whatever  the  authorship,  they 

1  Rawlinson  MSS.,  C  626. 


HENRY  HARE,  LORD  COLERAINE.  271 

are  probably  due  to  the  same  hand l,  expressly  repudiates  any 
other  sacrifice  in  the  Eucharist  than  that  of  prayer  and  praise, 
while,  in  the  latter  treatise,  the  author  maintains  the  desira- 
bility of  retaining  the  Royal  Supremacy,  the  sufficiency  of 
Lay  Baptism,  and  the  declarative  rather  than  the  authoritative 
character  of  priestly  absolution.  Of  Dr.  Hickes  he  speaks 
plainly  as  'zealously  maintaining  the  Schism  from  our  Church.' 

The  more  noted  members  of  the  College  admitted  during 
Turner's  Presidency  were  his  two  immediate  successors,  Basil 
Kennett  and  John  Mather,  of  both  of  whom  I  shall  speak 
presently;  Thomas  Bisse,  admitted  Scholar,  January  12,  169!, 
Preacher  at  the  Rolls  and  Chancellor  and  Prebendary  of 
Hereford,  author  of  several  works,  amongst  which  was  '  The 
Beauty  of  Holiness  in  the  Common  Prayer,'  a  book  at  one 
time  highly  thought  of  and  much  read  ;  John  Rogers,  ad- 
mitted Scholar  169!,  a  famous  preacher,  and  author  of  several 
theological  works,  relating  to  the  Bangorian,  Deistical  and 
other  controversies  (he  is  one  of  the  distinguished  alumni  of 
Corpus  represented  in  the  Oxford  Almanac  for  1 758) ;  Theo- 
philus  Leigh,  admitted  Scholar,  1711,  who  became  Master  of 
Balliol  in  1726,  and  held  that  office  till  1785,  a  period  of 
nearly  sixty  years  2 ;  John  Burton,  admitted  Scholar  Oct.  22, 
1713,  a  noted  Corpus  Tutor,  who  made  a  courageous  but  vain 
attempt  to  introduce  Locke  and  other  modern  philosophical 
writers  into  the  Oxford  curriculum,  subsequently  Fellow  of  Eton 
and  a  voluminous  writer  on  many  topics,  chiefly  classical  and 
theological ;  Thomas  Lewis,  admitted  Clerk  1 704,  a  bitter  theo- 
logical controversialist,  but  author  of  a  learned  work,  entitled 
Origines  Hebreae  ;  and  Henry  Hare,  third  Lord  Coleraine,  the 
last  Baron  of  that  name  and  family  (though  the  title  was 
revived  in  1762,  and  again  became  extinct),  admitted  Gen- 

1  In  the  title-page  of  the  former  tract  is  written  in  ink  the  name  of '  Dr  T  Wise.' 
I  am  not  aware  on  what  authority  they  are  ascribed  to  Turner  in  the  Catalogue. 

2  For  some  account  of  Theophilus  Leigh's  Mastership,  see  Mr.  R.  Lane  Poole's 
excellent  article  on  Balliol  College  in  the  Colleges  of  Oxford,  pp.  51-3-      He  was 
elected  Probationary  Fellow  of  Corpus  in  1717,  but  never  became  actual  Fellow. 
He  resided,  however,  for  some  time  as  an  M.A.     Probably  he  had  come  into  some 
property  which  forfeited  his  Fellowship. 


272  ELECTION  OF  STEPHEN  HURMAN. 


tleman-Commoner,  Jan.  IT,  i7x|,  who,  as  the  result  of  three 
journeys  to  Italy,  one  of  which  was  in  the  company  of  Dr. 
Conyers  Middleton,  bequeathed  to  the  College  the  fine  col- 
lection of  prints,  drawings,  and  books,  connected  with  the  art 
and  antiquities  of  Italy,  and  specially  of  Rome,  which  are  now 
deposited  in  one  of  the  inner  libraries,  called  the  Italian 
Room.  Some  of  the  circumstances  connected  with  this  be- 
quest will  be  more  suitably  mentioned  after  Lord  Coleraine's 
death,  which  occurred  at  Bath  on  August  4,  1749.  It  may  be 
noticed  that  the  list  of  Gentlemen-Commoners  during  Dr. 
Turner's  Presidency  contains  the  names  of  many  men  of  rank 
or  belonging  to  distinguished  families. 

Though  hardly  eminent  members  of  the  College,  it  is  worthy 
of  record  that  the  uncle  and  father  of  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds, 
named  respectively  Joshua  and  Samuel  Reynolds,  were  ad- 
mitted to  Scholarships  as  natives  of  the  Diocese  of  Exeter, 
the  former  on  Dec.  22,  1693,  the  latter  on  May  25,  1699. 
With  Joshua  Reynolds  we  are  already  acquainted,  as  the 
correspondent  of  Metford  in  reference  to  the  doings  of  the 
Parliamentary  Visitors. 


The  circumstances  of  the  election  of  Dr.  Turner's  successor 
were  peculiar.  Dr.  Turner  had  died  on  April  29,  and,  accord- 
ing to  Hearne1,  'he  was  buried  on  Sunday,  May  2.  The 
Speech  was  spoke  by  Dr  Tilly.  On  the  seventh,  an  election 
of  successor  was  held,  when  Mr  Stephen  Hurman,  an  honest, 
worthy  Gent  (Senior  Fellow  of  the  College)  was  unanimously 
chosen,  without  any  previous  interest Mr  Hurman  ac- 
cepted the  place,  received  the  usual  compliments  upon  such 
occasions,  seemed  well  pleased  and  designed  to  go  to  the 
Visitor.  But,  early  in  the  morning,  instead  of  taking  his 
journey,  he  resigns  his  Presidentship.  I  know  not  the  reason 
of  his  quitting  his  post,  though  I  am  well  acquainted  with 
him.  By  virtue  of  this  vacancy,  there  was  to  be  a  new  choice, 
which  happened  the  i5th,  when  Mr  Basil  Kennett  (brother  of 
Dr  White  Kennett,  but  of  a  far  better  character)  was  elected.' 
1  Vol.  52.  p.  153. 


PRESIDENCY  OF  BASIL  KENNETT.  273 

In  a  Post-script  he  adds :  '  I  do  not  know  but  Mr.  Hurman 
might  resign  upon  account  of  the  Oaths.  A  few  years  since, 
he  resigned  a  good  Parsonage,  before  a  year  was  expired  from 
the  time  of  his  entering  upon  it ;  I  believe  also  because  he 
scrupled  the  Oaths.' 

The  newly  elected  President,  who  was  son  of  a  Kentish 
clergyman  and  brother  of  the  celebrated  Dr.  White  Kennett, 
then  Dean  and  subsequently  Bishop  of  Peterborough,  was 
born  at  Postling  a  village  near  Hythe,  on  Oct.  21,  1674. 
According  to  a  statement  in  the  Kennett  Collection  in  the 
British  Museum  (Lansdowne  MSS.  987,  fol.  363),  his  early 
education  was  conducted  by  his  elder  brother,  partly  at  the 
school  at  Bicester,  partly  in  the  private  family  of  Sir  William 
Glynne  at  Amersden  or  Ambrosden  in  Oxfordshire.  When 
he  came  up  to  Oxford,  he  was  originally  matriculated  at  St. 
Edmund  Hall,  where  his  brother  was  Vice-Principal,  but  he 
was  elected  Scholar  of  Corpus,  Dec.  20,  1690,  and  succeeded 
to  a  Probationary  Fellowship  in  1697.  It  is  said  that,  while 
he  was  at  St.  Edmund  Hall,  his  brother  allowed  him  £40  a 
year,  having  only  ;£8o  of  his  own.  At  Corpus,  besides  being 
engaged  in  literary  work,  he  acted  as  Tutor.  He  was,  through- 
out life,  a  diligent  student,  and,  in  the  same  year  in  which  he 
took  his  M.A.  Degree  (1696),  he  brought  out  his  most  famous 
book,  Romae  Antiquae  Notitia,  or  the  Roman  Antiquities, 
&c.,  which  passed  through  at  least  eighteen  editions  and  was 
long  the  favourite  manual  on  the  subject.  His  other  classical 
work  The  Lives  and  Characters  of  the  Ancient  Grecian  Poets 
was  less  successful.  He  was  also  author  of  several  minor 
theological  works,  such  as  a  Paraphrase  of  the  Psalms,  and 
translated  Puffendorf's  Law  of  Nature  and  Nations,  La 
Placette's  Christian  Casuist,  Pascal's  Thoughts  on  Religion, 
Rapin's  Critical  Works,  &c.  He  belongs,  therefore,  to  the 
not  inconsiderable  roll  of  literary  Presidents  of  Corpus.  For 
some  time  he  had  been  Chaplain  to  the  English  Merchants 
at  Leghorn  (it  is  remarkable,  by  the  way,  how  many  Fellows 
of  Corpus  were  Chaplains  to  these  foreign  factories,  then  very 
few  in  number — Pocock,  Guise,  Hallifax,  Chishull,  Kennett), 
but  his  place  of  residence  was  by  no  means  comfortable,  he  was 

T 


274          KENNETT'S  CAREER  AND  CHARACTER. 

in  great  danger  of  the  inquisition,  and  was,  at  one  time,  obliged 
temporarily  to  quit  the  city.  It  was  said,  indeed,  that  he  was 
suffering  from  the  effects  of  slow  poison,  '  administered  to 
expel  heresy  from  such  abode  in  Italy,'  but  stories  of  this 
kind  can  seldom  be  relied  on.  At  length,  his  health  com- 
pelled him  to  return  home,  where  he  arrived  not  long  before 
his  election  to  the  Presidency.  But  he  was  too  sickly  to 
enjoy  his  office  long,  if  at  all,  and,  within  eight  months  of  his 
election,  he  died,  of  a  slow  fever,  on  Jan.  2,  17  ji.  Unlike 
his  predecessor,  he  was  not  in  good  circumstances,  and, 
owing  to  the  expenses  incident  to  his  recent  election  to  the 
Presidentship  and  other  causes,  his  assets  were  not  sufficient 
to  cover  his  debts,  which  were  paid  by  his  friends.  He  is 
said  to  have  been  a  very  amiable  man,  of  exemplary  integrity, 
generosity,  and  modesty 1. 

Under  the  date  of  Dec.  28, 1714,  Hearne2  has  the  following 
entry :  '  Sunday  night  last  (Dec.  26)  died  Dr.  Basil  Kennett, 
President  of  Corpus,  leaving  the  character  behind  him  of  a 
very  good-natured,  modest,  humble,  and  learned  man.  He 
was  of  little  stature,  and  of  a  weak  constitution.  He  was  above 
forty  years  old,  and  was  too  abstemious.'  In  a  marginal  note 
there  is  the  correction:  'This  false.  He  is  not  dead  yet, 

1  Excepting  the  extracts  from  Hearne  and  the  dates,  which  I  have  extracted  from 
College  Registers,  I  have  taken  this  account  of  Kennett  from  the  Biographia 
Britannica,  Chalmers'   Biographical   Dictionary,  and   the  Lansdowne  MSS.  987 
(Kennett  Collection  53)  fol.  363,  and  989  (Kennett  Coll.  55)  fol.  156,  &c.,  for  both 
of  which  references  I  am  indebted  to  the  writer  of  the  Article  in  the  Diet.  Nat.  Biog. 
The  latter  reference  is  to  a  very  long  letter  from  Joshua  Reynolds,  uncle  of  Sir 
Joshua,  to  Bp.  White  Kennett,  highly  extolling  his  brother  and  giving  an  account 
of  his  career  at  College  and  elsewhere.     '  I  have  been  told,'  he  says,  '  tnat  the 
people  at  Leghorn  would  point  at  him,  as  he  went  along,  There  goes  the  English 
saint  or  angel.'     There  is  one  curious  social  detail  in  this  letter.     Kennett's  enter- 
tainments, specially  in  the  matter  of  wine,  were  on  a  more  expensive  scale  than 
those  of  Dr.  Turner,  though  the  one  died  worth  about  .£30,000,  and  the  other 
nothing.     On  one   occasion,  when  gently  remonstrated  with,  he  said  there  was 
nothing  he  would  not  spend  on  his  friends,  though,  for  himself,  he  should  prefer  to 
dine  on  '  a  penny  halfpenny  commons.'     But  he  seems  to  have  been,  altogether, 
imprudent  in  the  matter  of  expense.     In  the  other  reference  we  are  told  that,  after 
quitting  Leghorn,  '  he  took  a  tour  to  Florence,  Rome,  Naples,  and  back  by  way  of 
France,  collecting  in  his  travels  a  good  treasure  of  books,  sculptures,  and  other 
curiosities,  which,  when  he  had  defrayed  the  charge  of  importation,  was  all  his 
substance.' 

2  Vol.  53.  p.  23. 


GENERAL  OGLETHORPE.  275 

though  very  ill.'  As  we  have  seen,  he  actually  died  on 
January  2  following. 

In  a  previous  passage,  after  the  account  of  the  election  of 
Turner's  successor,  recently  quoted,  Hearne  thus  describes 
Kennett:  'who,  though  brother  to  Dr  White  Kennett,  yet 
he  is  a  very  modest,  good-natured,  meek,  humble  man,  of 
good  principles  and  a  very  good  Scholar.  He  is  a  little  man 
and  sickly,  having  been  like  to  dye  just  before  the  Election.' 

During  Kennett's  brief  Presidency,  was  admitted  (July  3, 
1714)  one  of  the  most  remarkable  men  that  Corpus  has  ever 
produced.  This  was  James  Edward  Oglethorpe,  son  of  Sir 
Theophilus  Oglethorpe,  Knight,  born  in  the  parish  of  St. 
James,  Westminster,  June  i,  1689.  From  his  connexion  with 
Dr.  Johnson  and  John  Wesley,  as  a  philanthropist,  specially 
in  the  character  of  a  prison  reformer,  and  as  the  founder  of 
the  American  colony  of  Georgia,  Oglethorpe  will  always 
occupy  a  prominent  position  among  the  notable  men  of  the 
eighteenth  century.  He  lived  till  extreme  old  age,  and, 
shortly  before  his  death  (July  i,  1785),  welcomed  the  first 
Minister  of  the  United  States,  now  an  independent  power,  on 
his  arrival  in  London.  'The  patron  of  learning,'  says  an 
American  admirer l,  '  the  soul  of  honour,  the  embodiment  of 
loyalty  and  valour,  and  the  model  of  manly  grace  and  courtesy, 
he  died  full  of  years  and  crowned  with  universal  respect.' 
Oglethorpe's  is  an  early  instance,  probably  the  first  in  Corpus 
in  the  case  of  a  non-foundationer,  of  '  keeping  the  name  on 
the  books '  during  a  prolonged  period  of  non-residence.  His 
name  first  disappears  on  May  3,  1717  ;  it  is  re-entered  on 
June  25,  1719,  and  finally  disappears  on  Oct.  20,  1727.  He 
seems  never  to  have  proceeded  to  the  Degree  of  B.A.,  but, 
when  he  had  for  some  years  been  Member  for  Haslemere, 
and  had  already  obtained  considerable  reputation  for  his 
philanthropic  efforts  on  behalf  of  imprisoned  debtors,  he  was 
specially  created  M.A.  on  July  31,  1731.  To  him  the  College 
owes  the  two  beautifully  illuminated  volumes  of  the  French 
History  of  the  Bible,  now  in  the  Library.  A  third  volume, 

1  Dr.  Charles  C.  Jones,  in  his  History  of  Georgia.  Boston,  1883,  2  vols.  The 
ist  volume  contains  a  very  interesting  account  of  Oglethorpe's  career. 

T  2 


2j6         OGLETHORPE"1  S  GIFT  TO  THE  LIBRARY. 

that  containing  the  history  of  the  New  Testament,  was  con- 
fiscated by  a  Custom-house  officer  at  Dartford,  on  the  pretext 
that  it  was  a  '  superstitious '  book,  and  the  illuminations  were 
cut  out  and  sold.  According  to  an  account  communicated 
by  General  Oglethorpe  in  1772,  and  contained  in  one  of  the 
Volumes,  the  three  Volumes,  with  other  MSS.,  were  bought, 
in  1720,  at  the  sale  of  the  effects  of  a  great  family  living  in 
Paris.  '  The  General  was  assured  that  the  Books '  (i.  e.  these 
three  Volumes)  '  were  composed  and  illuminated  by  order  of 
Francis  the  First,  King  of  France.' 


CHAPTER   X. 

THE  GEORGIAN  PERIOD. 

KENNETT's  successor  was  John  Mather.  '  This  morning ' 
(says  Hearne  under  the  date  of  January  12,  171!)  '  Mr.  John 
Mather  was  elected  President  of  Corpus.  He  is  a  very  honest, 
good-natured,  ingenious '  (i.  e.  ingenuous)  '  man,  and  hath 
published  two  or  three  sermons.  He  was  one  of  the  seven 
senior  Fellows.'  Under  the  date  of  July  10,  1715,  Hearne 
again  praises  Mather :  '  Dr.  Mather  preached  the  Act  Sunday 
Sermon  in  the  morning '  (according  to  a  custom  obtaining  at 
that  time,  and  indeed  till  quite  recently,  as  one  of  the  in- 
cepting Doctors)  '  on  Matthew  VI.  33,  and  made  a  very  good 
discourse.'  The  inference  from  these  praises,  and  especially 
from  the  word  '  honest,'  generally  used  by  Hearne  in  a  technical 
sense,  is  that  Mather  had  Jacobite  tendencies. 

John  Mather  was  born  at  Manchester  on  October  i,  1676, 
and  was  elected  Scholar  of  Corpus  on  Dec.  22,  1693,  on  the 
same  day  as  Joshua  Reynolds,  the  Uncle  of  '  Sir  Joshua.' 
He  did  not  become  Probationary  Fellow  till  Dec.  18,  1704 
(so  slow  was  then  the  rate  of  succession),  so  that  he  had  only 
been  actual  Fellow  for  just  eight  years,  when  he  was  elected 
to  the  Presidency.  We  are  now  in  the  very  depths  of  the 
dulness  of  the  eighteenth  century,  and,  though  Mather  held 
the  Presidency  for  over  thirty-three  years,  little  is  heard, 
during  that  time,  either  of  him  or  of  the  College.  Hearne 
(who  has  now  become  our  main  authority)  tells  us  that  he 
was  appointed  Vice-Chancellor  on  Oct.  8,  1723,  in  which  office 
he  was  continued,  like  his  immediate  predecessor,  for  the  un- 
usually long  period  of  five  years  ;  records  some  gossip  that 
his  father  was  a  Tailor  in  Manchester  and  that  he  had  himself 
been  a  Servitor  of  Ch.  Ch. ;  and  notes  of  his  Vice-Chancellor's 
speech  in  1726  that  'he  lamented  the  death  of  that  great 
villain,  Dr.  Gardiner  Warden  of  All  Souls',  and  advised  the 


278  PRESIDENCY  OF  JOHN  MATHER. 

Magistrates  of  the  University  to  put  a  stop,  as  much  as  they 
can,  to  Luxury.'  '  Who/  asks  Hearne, '  are  greater  Epicureans 
and  more  addicted  to  Luxury  than  most  of  the  Heads  of 
Houses?'  These,  with  those  already  given,  are  the  only 
entries  of  any  importance  with  reference  to  Dr.  Mather  in  the 
many  volumes  of  Hearne's  Diaries.  Nor,  in  the  notice  of  his 
death  (April  15,  1748)  in  the  Gentleman's  Magazine,  is  there 
anything  recorded  of  him  except  that  he  was  for  nearly  forty 
years  (a  considerable  overstatement)  President  of  C.  C.  C. 
His  literary  remains  are  represented  in  the  Bodleian  Catalogue 
only  by  a  single  sermon,  preached  on  May  29,  1705,  and  pub- 
lished at  the  request  of  the  Vice-Chancellor  (Dr.  Delaune).  The 
memorial  tablet  in  the  College  cloister  deals  in  the  ordinary, 
common-place  eulogies  of  eighteenth-century  epitaphs. 

In  the  course  of  a  dispute  which  occurred  in  the  College, 
during  the  year  1734,  with  reference  to  the  value  of  a  living 
tenable  with  a  Fellowship,  some  Fellow  seems  to  have  made 
the  remark  that  the  President's  family  was  chargeable  to  the 
College.  At  the  next  meeting,  Dr.  Mather  came  prepared 
with  a  paper  (still  extant)  in  which,  in  dignified  terms,  he 
requests  to  be  informed  in  what  respect  and  to  what  extent 
his  family  is  a  charge  on  the  College.  If  it  be  the  case,  he 
will  '  then  make  the  College  satisfaction  for  what  is  past  and 
provide  against  such  expenses  for  the  future ;  for  I  would 
have  no  advantages  to  myself,  but  such  as  have  been  thought 
reasonable  when  the  President  has  had  no  family  besides 
himself  and  his  two  servants '  (the  Famuli  Praesidis  of  the  old 
Statutes).  The  charge,  however,  was  at  once  withdrawn,  and 
the  matter  is  only  now  interesting  as  shewing  that  there  was 
still  a  prejudice  against  a  married  President  and  some  jealousy 
entertained  towards  the  presence  of  a  family  within  the  College. 

Of  the  general  College  history  during  Mather's  Presidency, 
there  is  really  nothing  to  record,  except  that,  in  the  year 
1730,  there  was  an  appeal' to  Bishop  Willis,  which  at  the 
time  excited  considerable  public  interest,  on  the  part  of 
Francis  Ayscough,  Probationer,  who  had  been  refused  ad- 
mission to  his  actuality,  no  ground  being  alleged,  and  no 
admonition  having  been  previously  given.  The  case  was 


SLACKNESS  OF  DISCIPLINE.  279 

heard  before  the  Visitor,  assisted  by  his  two  Chancellors,  at 
Winchester  House,  Chelsea,  each  side  being  represented  by 
two  Counsel.  The  decision  was  in  favour  of  the  appellant, 
the  proceedings  against  him  being  pronounced  to  have  been 
arbitrary,  tending  to  the  destruction  of  careful  and  good  dis- 
cipline, &c.  It  was  ordered  that  he  should  be  at  once  admitted 
to  his  Actual  Fellowship,  that  the  arrears  should  be  made  up 
to  him,  and  that  the  President  and  those  Fellows  who  had 
voted  against  his  admission  should  repay  to  him  all  costs  in- 
curred by  him  in  his  appeal.  What  had  been  the  definite 
reasons  on  which  the  President  and  a  majority  of  the  Fellows 
had  acted  we  do  not  know,  but  there  is  a  suspicion,  from  a 
printed  statement  issued  at  the  time,  that  Mr.  Ayscough's 
temper  and  manners  were  not  agreeable. 

As  to  discipline,  it  may  be  remarked,  as  I  have  elsewhere 
observed l,  that  the  moral  level  of  the  period  ranging  from  the 
Restoration  to  the  accession  of  George  the  Third,  or  even 
somewhat  later,  is  characteristically  illustrated  by  the  Register 
of  Punishments.  These,  of  which  a  record  is  still  preserved, 
are  no  longer  inflicted  for  the  faults  of  boys  but  for  the  vices 
of  men.  And  the  punishments,  especially  when  we  take  into 
account  that  the  scholars  were  all  supposed  to  be  in  training 
for  Holy  Orders,  are  truly  surprising.  Offences  which  would 
now  at  least  involve  rustication  are  supposed  to  be  adequately 
met  by  a  fortnight  or  a  month's  deprivation  of  commons,  a 
punishment  for  which  the  hardened  offender  must  have  come 
to  care  very  little.  One  entry  excites  astonishment  at  the 
slackness  of  the  officers  of  justice  or  the  impunity  of  academics 
at  this  time:  'Jul.  n,  1726.  Ego  Johannes  Smith  Discip. 
privatus  sum  convictu  per  Praesidentem  et  Decanum  per  dies 
quindecem,  propter  homicidii  crimen  praeperpretati  {sic.  ?  prae- 
parati)  in  Matthaeum  Nicholas  ejusdem  Collegii  Commen- 
salem2,  et  declamationem  insuper  habui  publice  in  Aula,  ubi 

1  Colleges  of  Oxford,  p.  296. 

8  Though  the  name  of  Nicholas  does  not  occur  in  the  Buttery  books,  it  occurs 
in  one  of  the  very  few  extant  Battel  books  of  this  period,  that  for  1723-4,  together 
with  the  names  of  six  others,  evidently  in  the  same  category.  Nicholas  is 
designated  in  the  Matriculation  book  as  cler.  fil.,  three  of  the  others  as  gen.  fil.,  and 


280     ALTERATIONS  IN  THE  COLLEGE  BUILDINGS. 

veniam  a  Deo  Opt.  Max.  flexis  genibus  per  tres  dies  im- 
mediate sequentes  rogavi.'  As  Nicholas  afterwards  became  a 
Demy  of  Magdalen,  and  lived  till  1796,  this  ambiguous  entry 
must  refer  only  to  an  attempted  homicide,  but,  even  so,  it 
seems  to  us  that  this  exertion  of  College  discipline  was  a  very 
poor  and  inadequate  substitute  for  the  intervention  of  the  law. 

An  attempt  was,  however,  made,  during  Mather's  Presi- 
dency, to  raise  the  standard  of  industry  among  the  Scholars : 
'  July  17, 1741.  For  the  better  encouraging  and  more  effectual 
securing  of  industry  among  the  scholars,  it  is  agreed  that 
every  Undergraduate  of  the  Foundation,  before  his  Grace  is 
proposed,  shall  be  examined  publicly  in  such  parts  of  learning 
as  he  is  supposed  to  be  well  acquainted  with,  in  the  presence 
of  those  who,  by  the  Statutes,  are  to  approve  or  disapprove 
of  all  Candidates  for  their  Bachelor's  Degree  in  Arts.'  This, 
of  course,  was  a  College  examination  conducted  by  College 
Officers  in  the  College  Hall.  Many  other  Colleges  had  a 
similar  institution,  and,  at  a  time  when  the  University  granted 
its  degrees  so  cheaply,  it  was  probably  an  effective  as  well  as 
a  necessary  protection  against  continuing  idle  or  unworthy 
members  on  the  foundation. 

The  additions  to  and  alterations  of  the  College  buildings 
are,  perhaps,  the  most  notable  circumstance  which  occurred 
during  this  Presidency.  Ingram  (Memorials  of  Oxford,  C.  C.  C. 
p.  u),  whose  accuracy  may  almost  invariably  be  depended 
on,  says  that  it  was  'about  the  year  1737'  that  a  third  story 
was  added  to  the  north  and  west  sides  of  the  College,  thus 
causing  the  disappearance  of  the  characteristic  chimneys  and 
dormers  which  we  see  in  Loggan's  plan,  and  that '  some  rooms  \ 
on  the  east  side  of  the  College,  adjoining  Merton  Grove' 
(which  has  now  alas!  disappeared,  and  given  place  to  the 
hideous  erection  of  Mr.  Butterfield),  '  were  taken  down  and 
rebuilt  for  the  residence  of  six  gentlemen  commoners.'  In-* 
gram's  account  is  confirmed  by  the  Tower  Book,  which,  from 

three  as  pleb.  fil.  It  is  curious  that  one  of  them,  Medley,  was  unmatriculated,  and 
afterwards  matriculated  at  Lincoln.  In  Smith's  entry,  some  previous  word,  though 
possibly  the  same  wrongly  spelt,  has  been  scratched  out,  and  the  word  Com- 
mensalem  written,  apparently  by  the  same  hand  but  with  different  ink,  in  its  place. 
I  suspect  that  the  erased  word  was  Battelariurn.  See  p.  260. 


FLOURISHING  STATE  OF  THE  FINANCES.         281 

the  year  173!  down  to  1756,  contains  constant  entries  either 
for  extraordinary  repairs  or  the  '  New  Buildings,'  or  for  paying 
off  the  debt  incurred  on  the  same.  Considerable  sums  were 
also  subscribed  by  friends  or  old  members  of  the  College 
towards  the  same  objects,  as  appears  from  the  Liber  Bene- 
factorum,  though  no  dates  are  there  given.  It  seems  some- 
what remarkable  that  the  Tudor  character  of  the  architecture 
should  have  been  so  well  preserved  in  the  additions  to  the 
north  and  west  fronts  of  the  College. 

The  Tower  Book  contains  two  memoranda  which  furnish  a 
sad  proof  of  the  utter  want  of  reverence  not  only  for  antiquity 
but  even  for  the  memory  of  their  Founders,  which  charac- 
terised the  Heads  and  Fellows  of  this  truly  dark  period : 
'Dec.  21,  1736.  The  Mitre  being  so  much  decayed  and 
broken  that  it  could  not  be  mended  and  put  together  again, 
it  was  agreed  to  sell  it  and  a  few  old  battered  pieces  of  silver, 
which  were  accordingly  sold  for  £96  „  16  „  6;'  'Dec.  21,  1737. 
Besides  the  odd  things  sold  together  with  the  broken  parts  of 
the  Mitre,  there  were  eight  small  Rubies  and  a  very  ordinary 
Sapphire  sold  for  £2  „  4.'  The  Sapphire  and  Rubies  had 
probably  belonged  to  the  Mitre. 

Financially,  the  College  was,  in  its  corporate  capacity,  in 
an  exceedingly  flourishing  condition  during  the  greater  part 
of  Mather's  Presidency.  Considerable  balances  ('  excrescen- 
tiae ')  were  in  most  years  carried  to  the  Tower,  and  at  one 
time  there  was  actually  in  the  Tower  what  for  those  days  was 
the  very  large  accumulation  of  .£2233  43.  %d.  These  accumu- 
lations were  used  mainly  for  adding  to  or  improving  the 
College  buildings,  or  for  the  purchase  of  College  Livings,  as 
providing  for  the  Fellows  posts  in  which  they  could  marry. 
The  money,  it  must  be  remembered,  was  at  this  time  still 
often  kept  in  actual  coin  (chiefly  in  guineas)  in  bags  and 
chests  in  the  Tower,  which  had  been  selected  by  the  Founder 
as  the  place  of  greatest  security  and  indeed  was  probably  con- 
structed for  that  purpose.  Shortly  after  this  period,  bank-notes 
(bonds  had  long  been  a  form  of  investment)  begin  to  represent 
part  of  the  accumulations,  and  in  1772  we  have  the  entry: 
'Taken  out  of  the  Tower  all  the  cash,  to  be  put  out  to  Interest.' 


282    ADMISSIONS  DURING  MATHER'S  PRESIDENCY. 

At  this  time  it  will  hardly  be  expected  that  we  should  find 
many  men  of  subsequent  distinction  admitted  to  the  College. 
Amongst  those  admitted  during  Mather's  Presidency,  the 
most  notable,  perhaps,  was  Richard  Pococke,  admitted  Clerk 
3  Feb.  172^,  Bishop  of  Ossory,  1756,  Bishop  of  Meath,  1765, 
author  of  A  description  of  the  East,  A  tour  in  Ireland  in 
1752,  which  he  made  on  horseback  (a  very  interesting  work 
recently  reprinted  by  Hodges,  Figgis  and  Co.,  of  Dublin),  and 
several  other  books.  Amongst  the  scholars  may  be  mentioned 
Thomas  Randolph,  Mather's  successor,  admitted  1715,  of 
whom  more  presently;  John  Hume,  admitted  1721,  suc- 
cessively Bishop  of  Bristol,  Oxford,  and  Salisbury ;  Thomas 
Patten,  admitted  1731,  a  Christian  apologist;  Nathaniel 
Forster,  admitted  1733,  a  voluminous  author  in  classics, 
theology,  &c. ;  Timothy  Neve,  admitted  1737,  Margaret 
Professor  of  Divinity  and  the  second  Bampton  Lecturer. 
Of  those  admitted  Choristers,  the  most  eminent  was  Edward 
Bentham,  admitted  March  27,  1724,  subsequently  Fellow  of 
Oriel,  Canon  of  Ch.  Ch.,  and  Regius  Professor  of  Divinity, 
author  of  several  works  on  Theology,  Logic,  and  Morals. 
Amongst  the  Gentlemen  Commoners  may  be  noted  Jeremiah 
Milles,  admitted  Nov.  29,  1729,  subsequently  a  famous  Anti- 
quary, Dean  of  Exeter,  and  President  of  the  Society  of 
Antiquaries1;  David  Hartley,  admitted  Apr.  i,  1747,  son  of 

1  This  Dr.  Milles  is  connected  with  a  curious  incident,  which  occurred  in 
Oxford  on  Feb.  3,  1776-  He  was  engaged  in  examining  some  of  the  antiquities 
in  the  Ashmolean  Museum,  when  a  Frenchman  begged  to  accompany  him. 
While  they  were  together,  Dr.  Milles'  suspicions  were  roused,  and  he  tried  to 
get  rid  of  his  companion.  But  the  foreigner  had  the  art  to  conceal  himself,  till 
Dr.  Milles  and  other  visitors  had  gone  out,  and  then  made  away  with  a  number  of 
gold  medals  and  other  valuables,  worth  over  .£200.  He  '  got  clear  off  with  his 
booty,'  but,  after  the  lapse  of  some  time,  was  apprehended  in  Ireland,  indicted 
at  the  Oxford  Summer  Assizes  in  1776,  and  sentenced  on  March  7,  1777,  to  five 
years'  hard  labour,  in  raising  sand,  gravel,  &c.,  on  the  river  Thames.  The  name 
of  the  culprit  is  given  in  the  Minute  Book  of  the  Crown  Court  for  the  Oxford 
Assizes  as  'John  Peter  Le  Maitre,  alias  Maire,  alias  Mara.'  It  has  been  conjectured 
that  this  person  is  no  other  than  the  celebrated  French  Revolutionist  Jean  Paul 
Marat.  See  two  letters  contributed  to  the  Globe  newspaper  on  March  31  and 
April  7,  1890,  by  Mr.  J.  L.  Mathews,  Clerk  of  Assize  to  the  Oxford  Circuit,  who 
first  brought  this  subject  to  my  notice,  as  also  two  other  letters  which  appeared 
in  the  Globe  on  Feb.  28  and  Apr.  3  of  the  same  year,  Chambers'  Book  of  Days, 
Article  on  Marat,  the  Gentleman's  Magazine,  Feb.  and  March,  1776,  and  Notes 


PRESIDENCY  OF  THOMAS  RANDOLPH.  283 

David  Hartley,  the  famous  physician  and  philosopher,  himself 
Fellow  of  Merton  up  to  his  death  in  1813,  and,  for  some  time, 
M.P.  for  Hull,  a  strong  opponent  of  the  American  War  and  of 
the  slave  trade,  selected  as  one  of  the  Ministers  plenipotentiary 
to  conclude  the  definitive  treaty  of  peace  with  the  United 
States,  which  he  signed  in  1783  ;  and,  lastly,  Ashton  Lever, 
admitted  Apr.  i,  1748,  subsequently  Sir  Ashton  Lever,  the 
famous  naturalist  and  collector,  founder  of  the  Lever  Museum. 


Dr.  Mather  died  April  15,  1748,  and,  on  April  23,  Thomas 
Randolph,  D.D.,  late  Fellow  of  the  College,  was  unanimously 
elected  his  successor. 

Thomas  Randolph,  son  of  Herbert  Randolph,  Recorder  of 
Canterbury,  was  born  in  that  city,  Aug.  30, 1701,  and  educated 
there  in  the  King's  School.  On  Nov.  19,  1715,  being  then 
little  more  than  14  years  of  age,  he  was  elected  to  a  Kentish 
Scholarship  at  Corpus,  and,  on  Feb.  22,  172!,  became  Proba- 
tioner Fellow.  He  took  the  usual  Degrees,  including  that  of 
D.D.,  and,  in  comparatively  early  life,  attracted  the  attention 
of  Archbishop  Potter,  who  became  his  patron.  The  Arch- 
bishop collated  him  to  the  united  livings  of  Petham  and 
Waltham  in  Kent,  and,  subsequently,  to  the  Rectory  of 
Saltwood,  with  the  chapelry  of  Hythe  annexed  ;  Randolph 
having,  meanwhile  (1744),  published  a  reply  to  a  then  famous 
book,  Christianity  not  founded  on  Argument,  which  he 
entitled  The  Christian's  faith  a  Rational  Assent.  He  was 
elected,  without  his  knowledge  or  any  communication  from 
the  electors,  to  the  Presidency  of  Corpus,  on  Dr.  Mather's 
death,  and  thenceforth  made  Oxford  his  principal  place  of 

and  Queries,  Sept.  24,  1859,  and  Sept.  16,  1860.  If,  however,  as  Mr.  Morse 
Stephens  states  (History  of  the  French  Revolution,  vol.  i.  p.  218),  Marat  was 
appointed  physician  to  the  Body-Guard  of  the  Comte  d'Artois  on  June  24,  1777, 
the  identification  becomes  impossible,  unless  we  suppose  either  the  sentence  to 
have  been  remitted  or  the  criminal  to  have  escaped.  Moreover,  it  appears  that  a 
man  named  Le  Maitre  alias  Mara  '  had  been  for  some  time  a  teacher  of  drawing 
for  tambour,  and  a  designer  of  tambour  waistcoats,  in  Oxford,'  and  it  seems  difficult 
to  identify  this  man  with  Jean  Paul  Marat,  '  who  had  been  for  some  years  a  doctor 
practising  in  London,  and  who  had  published  a  medical  pamphlet,  dated  Church 
St.,  Soho,  on  Jan.  i,  1776.'  See  Academy  for  Sept.  23  and  Dec.  23,  1882. 


384     RANDOLPH'S  AMIABILITY  AND  POPULARITY. 

residence,  and  the  scene  of  his  work.  He  preached  many 
sermons  and  wrote  many  theological  works,  including  The 
Doctrine  of  the  Trinity,  Citations  from  the  Old  Testament 
in  the  New,  &c.  In  1756,  he  became  Vice-Chancellor  and 
held  the  office  for  three  years.  In  1767,  he  was  appointed  by 
Bishop  Lowth  Archdeacon  of  Oxford,  and,  in  1768,  unani- 
mously elected  to  the  Margaret  Professorship  of  Divinity,  to 
which  a  Canonry  at  Worcester  was  then  attached.  He 
died,  full  of  years  and  honours,  on  March  24,  1783,  and  was 
buried  in  the  College  cloister,  where  a  monument  is  erected 
to  his  memory.  A  collection  of  the  more  valuable  of  Dr. 
Randolph's  works  was  published  in  1784. 

Some  interesting  traits  of  Dr.  Randolph's  character  are 
given  in  the  Memoirs  of  Richard  Lovell  Edgeworth,  father  of 
Miss  Edgeworth,  published  in  two  vols.,  i82ox.  I  shall  reserve 
for  a  few  pages  further  on  Mr.  Edgeworth's  pleasant  account 
of  the  College  in  his  time,  but  this  seems  to  be  the  best  place 
for  introducing  his  personal  anecdotes  and  remarks  on  Dr. 
Randolph.  'Dr.  Randolph  was,  at  that  time'  (Edgeworth's 
residence  commenced  Oct.  10,  1761),  'President  of  C.  C.  C. 
With  great  learning  and  many  excellent  qualities,  he  had 
some  singularities  which  produced  nothing  more  injurious 
from  his  friends  than  a  smile.  He  had  the  habit  of  muttering 
upon  the  most  trivial  occasions  "  Mors  omnibus  communis." 
One  day  his  horse  stumbled  upon  Maudlin  bridge,  and  the 
resigned  president  let  his  bridle  go,  and,  drawing  up  the 
waistband  of  his  breeches  as  he  sat  bolt  upright,  he  exclaimed 
before  a  crowded  audience,  "  Mors  omnibus  communis."  The 
same  simplicity  of  character  appeared  in  various  instances, 
and  it  was  mixed  with  a  mildness  of  temper,  that  made  him 
generally  beloved  by  the  young  students.  The  worthy 
Doctor  was  indulgent  to  us  all,  but  to  me  in  particular  upon 
one  occasion,  where  I  fear  that  I  tried  his  temper  more  than 
I  ought  to  have  done.  The  gentlemen-commoners  were  not 

1  My  attention  was  first  drawn  to  this  book  by  the  Rev.  R.  G.  Livingstone  of 
Pembroke  College.  The  passages  relating  to  Edgeworth's  Oxford  Life  are  in- 
cluded in  the  volume  of  Reminiscences  of  Oxford,  published  by  the  Oxford 
Historical  Society  in  1892. 


DISGRACEFUL  CONDUCT  OF  STUDENTS.          285 

obliged  to  attend  early  chapel  on  any  days  but  Sunday  and 
Thursday ;  I  had  been  too  frequently  absent,  and  the  president 
was  determined  to  rebuke  me  before  my  companions.  "  Sir," 
said  he  to  me,  as  we  came  out  of  chapel  one  Sunday,  "  You 
never  attend  Thursday  prayers."  "  I  do  sometimes,  Sir,"  I 
replied  (Then  follows  the  ordinary  form  of  story  :  "  I  did  not 
see  you  here  last  Thursday"}.'  The  President's  anger  fell 
immediately,  and  he  asked  young  Edgeworth  to  drink  tea 
that  evening  with  him  and  his  daughter.  '  This  indulgent 
president's  good  humour,'  observes  Mr.  Edgeworth,  '  made 
more  salutary  impression  on  the  young  men  he  governed, 
than  has  been  ever  effected  by  the  morose  manners  of  any 
unrelenting  disciplinarian.' 

During  this  and  the  next  three  Presidencies,  we  have  the 
assistance  of  certain  books  of  Acts  and  Proceedings  kept  by  the 
Presidents,  which,  with  such  other  sources  of  information  as 
I  can  find  available,  will  furnish  the  materials  for  the  Collegiate 
history  of  the  period. 

The  first  entry  of  any  importance  is  under  the  date  of  Jan.  19  &c., 
1 74f .  It  is  a  detailed  account  of  the  disgraceful  conduct  of  John 
Hampton,  an  M.A.  Scholar  of  the  House,  in  Deacon's  Orders,  who, 
calling  himself  Proctor  for  the  night,  had  entered  the  house  of 
Mr.  Litchfield  a  printer,  and  brutally  mal-treated  him  and  his  wife. 
It  seems  that  he  had  grossly  misconducted  himself  on  several 
previous  occasions,  including  a  violent  attack  which  he  had  made 
on  the  Fellows  who  refused  to  sign  his  testimonials  for  Priest's 
Orders,  and  that  he  had  been  frequently  but  vainly  admonished. 
The  long-suffering  and  too  tolerant  College  at  length  expelled  him, 
but  not  without  bringing  down  on  themselves  the  usual  appeal 
to  the  Visitor,  who,  however,  supported  their  decision. 

About  the  same  time  (under  date  Feb.  2  &c.),  a  still  worse  case 
occurred  with  regard  to  the  conduct  of  one  Henry  Mitchell,  a  B.A. 
Scholar  who  had  just  been  granted  the  grace  for  his  M.A.  Degree, 
at  a  Coffee  House  in  Oxford.  As  it  supervened  on  several  other 
offences,  he  too  was  expelled.  This  case  not  only  illustrates,  like 
the  former,  the  coarse  manners  and  drunken  habits  of  many  even  of 
the  senior  students  of  that  time,  but  also  their  readiness  to  give 
false  witness  on  behalf  of  one  another. 


386      JACOB1TISM  IN  A  JUNIOR  COMMON  ROOM. 

Under  date  Dec.  8,  1749,  it  appears  that  disputations  were  still 
held  in  the  College  Hall.  'Sir'  White  (i.e.  John  White,  B.A.) 
was,  amongst  other  offences,  punished  for  '  missing '  them. 

On  July  n,  1750,  this  same  John  White  was  expelled  for  'aiding 
and  assisting  in  marrying '  a  Gentleman-Commoner,  '  a  young  gentle- 
man of  good  family  and  heir  to  a  large  estate,'  to  a  '  young  woman 
of  low  birth  and  mean  circumstances,  daughter  to  a  man  who  keeps 
a  public  house'  (the  Lamb)  'at  Wallingford ; '  for  afterwards  having 
her  and  her  sisters  in  his  rooms  in  College;  and,  moreover,  for 
having  obtained  leave,  under  false  pretences,  to  go  down  for  the 
purposes  of  the  marriage.  It  appears  that  White  gave  the  young 
woman  away.  There  was  the  almost  inevitable  appeal  to  the 
Visitor,  resulting  in  a  very  long  correspondence,  still  extant,  between 
him  and  the  President,  but  happily  terminating  in  a  decision  favour- 
able to  the  College.  The  Visitor,  at  this  time,  it  may  be  noticed, 
was  Benjamin  Hoadley,  one  of  the  most  just  and  sensible  Visitors 
the  College  ever  had  the  fortune  to  possess. 

On  Dec.  n,  1754,  these  records  give  an  account  of  an  offence 
of  a  very  different  kind.  '  Complaint  being  made  to  the  President 
by  Dr  Patten  and  Mr  Hall,  Deputy  Dean,  that  a  Picture  supposed 
to  be  the  picture  of  the  Pretender's  eldest  Son,  commonly  called 
Prince  Charles,  had  been  for  some  time  hung  up  in  the  Bachelors' 
(and  Gentlemen-Commoners')  Common  Room,  and  that  the  College 
had  been  very  much  censured  on  that  account  (a  letter  had  ap- 
peared on  Dec.  10  in  the  Evening  Advertiser),  the  President 
immediately  convened  a  meeting  of  the  Senior  Fellows  and  Officers, 
and  laid  the  matter  before  them.'  The  story  of  how  the  picture 
came  to  be  there  is  a  long  one,  and  not  worth  repeating  at  length. 
In  brief,  it  appears  that  a  Mr.  Bulteel,  a  gentleman-commoner, 
about  five  years  before,  had  given  a  similar  picture  to  the  Bachelors' 
Common  Room,  that  a  Mr.  Mason,  another  gentleman-commoner, 
had  secretly  cut  off  its  head,  and  that,  by  a  vote  of  7  to  3,  the 
picture  had  been  replaced.  Mr.  Mason  and  his  friends,  in  turn, 
burnt  the  new  picture.  But,  meanwhile,  the  matter  had  got  bruited 
abroad,  with  the  usual  exaggerations  and  perversions,  such  as  that 
the  Common  Room  was  the  Senior  Common  Room,  &c.  There 
was  a  general  dealing  out  of  punishments,  the  Gentlemen-Com- 
moners escaping  pretty  easily,  but  the  Bachelors  having  to  beg 
pardon  publicly,  in  the  Hall,  of  the  King,  the  University  and 
the  College,  being  put  out  of  Commons  for  a  week,  and,  a  somewhat 


ENFORCED  IDLENESS  OF  YOUNG  MASTERS.     287 

grotesque  addition,  required  to  translate  into  Latin  Archbishop 
Potter's  Coronation  Sermon.  In  the  Register  of  Punishments,  it 
is  curious  to  find,  amongst  the  offenders,  the  next  President,  John 
Cooke.  Some  officer  of  the  College  replied  to  the  attack  in  the 
Evening  Advertiser,  and  so  this  semi-ludicrous  affair  ended. 

On  Feb.  8,  1755,  the  College  received  the  'last  Parcel  of  Lord 
Coleraine's  Legacy.'  This  handsome  legacy,  consisting  of  a  large 
and  valuable  collection  of  books,  prints,  and  drawings,  mainly 
artistic  or  antiquarian,  and  now  contained  in  the  'Italian  Room' 
leading  out  of  the  inner  library,  has  already  been  mentioned  in  my 
notice  of  Lord  Coleraine.  The  validity  of  the  Will  and  various 
Codicils  was  disputed  between  the  Heirs  at  Law  and  the  Executrix, 
a  Mrs.  du  Plessis.  After  long  litigation,  the  Will  was  confirmed, 
but  all  Codicils,  except  the  last,  set  aside.  The  Executrix  thereupon 
refused  to  surrender  the  goods  bequeathed  to  the  College,  but,  after 
a  bill  had  been  filed  in  Chancery,  the  matter  was  compromised; 
the  books,  &c.,  were  given  up,  but  the  whole  expence  of  Law, 
Binding,  &c.  fell  upon  the  College. 

On  July  19  of  this  year,  the  Visitor  issued  an  injunction  relieving 
M.A.  Scholars  from  residence,  or  rather  allowing  leave  of  absence, 
under  certain  very  reasonable  conditions,  to  be  granted  to  them 
by  the  Seniority.  The  reasons  alleged  in  the  Petition  of  the  '  Disciple 
Masters '  are  noteworthy :  '  The  allowance  of  the  Disciple  Masters, 
which  at  the  time  of  the  foundation  was  a  sufficient  maintenance, 
is  now,  by  the  decrease  of  the  value  of  money  and  other  circum- 
stances, become  by  no  means  sufficient  for  that  purpose;  the 
expence  of  residing  in  the  University  so  constantly  is  greater  than 
they,  or  others  in  their  station,  are  usually  able  to  bear ;  moreover, 
their  residence  deprives  them  at  the  same  time  of  the  opportunity  of 
relieving  their  circumstances  and  of  following  any  useful  vocation.' 

One  cannot  but  look  back  with  extreme  pity  on  the  dull 
and  useless  lives  of  these  young  men,  many  of  them  with  no 
special  avocation  for  literature,  spent  in  narrow  circumstances, 
uncongenial  surroundings,  and  enforced  idleness.  If  they  took 
to  drinking,  excessive  card  playing,  and  loose  habits,  one  can 
hardly  feel  much  surprise,  and  one's  wonder  is  that  no  Visitor, 
before  Hoadley,  had  seen  his  way  to  abate  such  an  utter 
perversion  of  the  spirit,  though  it  was  no  doubt  a  strict 
observation  of  the  letter,  of  the  Founder's  Statutes.  And 


288     LETTER  AND  SPIRIT  OF  THE  OLD  STATUTES. 

even  he  could  not  see  his  way  to  affording  any  relief  to  the 
Bachelors,  whose  idleness  and  other  offences  were,  at  this 
time,  a  constant  source  of  trouble  to  the  College  authorities. 
In  the  Buttery  Book  of  this  year  there  are  no  less  than  seven 
Master  Scholars1,  all,  except  one,  of  more  than  two  years 
standing,  and  it  is  stated  in  the  Petition,  certainly  with  no 
exaggeration,  that  '  the  succession  to  Fellowships  in  the  said 
College  is  become  exceeding  slow,  insomuch  that  there  is 
ordinarily  no  probability  of  any  disciple  succeeding  to  a 
Probationary  Fellowship  before  he  be  of  ten  or  twelve  years 
standing  in  the  University.'  There  could  hardly  be  found  a 
more  striking  exemplification  of  the  manner  in  which  a  literal 
adherence  to  the  provisions  of  a  Founder's  Statutes  may 
frustrate  the  main  intention  of  his  foundation,  or  of  the 
necessity  of  supplying  some  machinery  by  which  the  detailed 
regulations  of  a  benefaction  may  be  adapted  to  the  changing 
circumstances  of  successive  generations. 

June  n,  1756.  Mr.  Musgrave,  an  M.A.  Scholar,  now  non- 
resident, having  made  some  injurious  reflexions  on  the  Officers  of 
the  College,  had  been  cited  to  appear  before  the  President,  Seniors, 
and  Officers,  and,  having  at  length  done  so,  was  sentenced  to  be 
put  out  of  Commons  for  a  week,  to  be  registered,  and  to  ask  pardon 
of  the  Society.  It  appears  that  he  was  compelled  to  return  to 
Oxford  for  a  week,  in  order  to  undergo  the  sentence  of  '  sitting  out  of 
Commons,'  though,  being  an  M.A.,  he  was  allowed  by  the  Statutes, 
instead  of  sitting  at  a  separate  table,  to  sit  '  more  consueto.' 

June  22,  1756.  Contribution  of  five  guineas  towards  the  support 
of  the  University  of  Debretzen  in  Hungary. 

Dec.  3,  1756.  'The  President  having,  last  year,  in  his  Progress 
into  Lincolnshire,  discovered  the  house  at  Ropesley  where  our 
Founder  was  born,  it  was  this  day  ordered  that,  with  the  consent  of 
the  owner  of  the  house,  Lord  William  Manners,  a  stone  should  be 
put  up  in  the  Wall  of  the  House  with  this  inscription — Richard  Fox, 

1  Taking  the  very  week  in  which  the  Visitor's  Injunction  was  issued,  July  18-24, 
1755,  we  find  seven  Master,  nine  Bachelor,  and  only  four  Undergraduate  Scholars. 
The  remaining  Undergraduates  (we  can  now  speak  with  certainty,  as,  at  this 
period,  the  entries  in  the  Matriculation  and  Buttery  books  correspond)  were  the 
two  Clerks,  the  two  Choristers,  and  five  Gentlemen  Commoners.  Cp.  the  parallel 
account  given  under  the  academical  year  1680-1,  which  is  even  still  stranger  than 
this. 


INVESTMENTS  AND  DONATIONS.  389 

Bishop  of  Winchester  and  Founder  of  C.  C.  C.  Oxford,  was  born  in 
this  house1.' 

Jan.  24,  1757.  Another  gross  instance  of  the  irregularities  common 
in  the  College  at  this  time.  Ames,  an  Undergraduate  Scholar,  had 
set  fire  to  the  furniture  of  the  Fellows'  Common  Room,  thrust  under 
the  grate  a  lot  of  books  and  pamphlets,  and  damaged  a  quantity  of 
the  College  Plate,  &c.  The  room  only  just  escaped  being  burnt 
down.  He  was  allowed  to  resign,  the  act  being  '  looked  on  rather 
as  a  sudden  impulse  of  madness,  than  the  result  of  determined 
villainy.'  For  the  same  reason,  he  was  not  prosecuted. 

Apr.  1 8, 1761.  Paul  Methuen,  a  Gentleman-Commoner,  sentenced 
to  ask  pardon  of  the  Dean  publicly  in  the  Hall,  in  the  middle  of 
dinner. 

Feb.  27,  1772.     'It  was  agreed  to  lend  ^200  on  Bond  to  the 
Magdalen  Bridge  Turnpike.'     Loans  of  money,  specially  to  Fellows, ' 
become  frequent  about  this  period.    It  would  seem  as  if  the  College, 
from  time  to  time,  had  a  fair  amount  of  spare  cash,  and  the  system 
of  banking  had  not  yet  come  in. 

Nov.  27,  1772.  'It  being  now  a  time  of  great  scarcity,  and  corn 
and  all  sorts  of  provisions  being  very  dear,'  it  was  agreed  to  give  ten 
guineas  for  the  relief  of  the  poor  in  the  city.  Entries  of  this  kind 
are  not  infrequent  about  this  time. 

Feb.  3,  1773.  'It  was  agreed  to  appoint  Mr  Child  and  Comp. 
our  Bankers  to  receive  our  moneys  in  London.' 

Dec.  13,  1774.  It  was  agreed  to  give  ten  guineas  towards  building 
an  episcopal  church  at  Edinburgh. 

March  5,  1776.  Agreed  to  give  ten  guineas  towards  the  relief  of 
the  distressed  clergy  in  America. 

Feb.  24,  1779.  Agreed  to  give  ^100  out  of  the  Tower  Money 
(i.e.  the  reserve  fund  there  kept)  towards  the  great  loss  by  Fire 
at  Queen's  College. 

April  8,  1779.  Mr.  Modd,  Chaplain  of  the  College,  convened 
before  the  President,  Seniors,  and  Officers,  and  admonished 

1  See  my  note  on  the  Founder's  Birth-Place  at  Ropesley  on  pp.  27-29.  The 
conjecture  I  there  offer  that,  some  time  between  1705  and  1755,  the  College  parted 
with  this  property,  has  been  confirmed  by  an  entry  which  I  have  subsequently 
noticed  in  the  Acts  and  Proceedings,  under  Dec.  4,  1753  :  'It  was  agreed  to  allow 
onr  Bayliff  Mr  Samuel  Foster  2  Guineas  for  his  trouble  in  selling  our  estate  at 
Ropesley.'  Truly  this  was  not  an  age  of  sentiment  or  reverence !  The  College 
had  sold  the  remains  of  the  Founder's  mitre  in  Dr.  Mather's  Presidency,  and,  in 
Dr.  Randolph's,  it  seems  to  have  sold  his  birthplace ! 

U 


290     DEARTH  OF  CANDIDATES  FOR  SCHOLARSHIPS. 

for  his  misbehaviour,  drunkenness,  extravagance,  and  other  irregu- 
larities l. 

Feb.  7,  1782.  Only  one  candidate  appeared  for  the  Bedfordshire 
Scholarship,  and  he  did  not  even  so  much  as  attempt  to  compose 
any  exercise.  The  Electors,  as  directed  by  Statute,  proceeded  to 
elect  from  another  County. 

Sept.  28,  1782.  No  Candidate  appeared  from  the  Bishopric  of 
Durham ;  nor  again  on  Jan.  3  of  the  following  year.  This  failure  of 
Candidates  to  appear  for  local  Scholarships,  leading  to  Fellowships, 
may  have  been  partly  due  to  the  slowness  of  the  succession  which 
now  prevailed,  and  partly  to  the  improved  performances  which  were 
now  exacted  in  the  Examinations. 

Dr.  Randolph  died  March  24,  1783.  At  the  Funeral 
(April  2),  an  oration  was  made  in  the  Chapel  by  Mr.  Buck- 
land,  the  Latin  Lecturer. 

The  list  of  eminent  names  during  Dr.  Randolph's  Presi- 
dency, especially  as  the  period  advances,  will  alone  shew 
that  the  College  was  beginning  to  shake  off  its  lethargy,  to 
attract  a  more  distinguished  body  of  young  men,  and  to  be 
more  alive  to  and  more  successful  in  the  performance  of  its 
educational  duties.  Of  other  signs  of  improvement  I  shall 
speak  presently. 

Amongst  the  Scholars  elected  during  this  period  (1748- 
1783),  may  be  specially  mentioned:  Thomas  Hornsby,  ad- 
mitted Nov.  21,  1749,  an  eminent  astronomer  and  observer, 
who  filled  at  Oxford  the  various  places  of  Reader  in  Experi- 
mental Philosophy,  Savilian  Professor  of  Astronomy,  first 
Radcliffe  Observer,  Sedleian  Professor  of  Natural  Philosophy, 
and  Radcliffe  Librarian;  John  Cooke,  admitted  Oct.  19, 1750, 
Randolph's  successor  in  the  Presidency;  John  Whitaker,  ad- 
mitted March  2,  1753,  celebrated  as  an  antiquary  and  writer 
of  local  histories,  Author  of  the  History  of  Manchester,  the 
Life  of  St.  Neot,  the  Origin  of  Arianism,  &c. ;  Thomas  Bar- 
nard, Bishop  of  Limerick,  admitted  the  same  day;  William 

1  For  a  curious  account  of  this  Mr.  Modd  and  his  ways,  see  a  very  interesting 
little  book  lately  republished  by  Cassell  &  Co. :  A  Translation  of  Moritz's  Travels 
in  England  in  1782,  p.  120,  &c.  Dr.  Birkbeck  Hill,  in  his  edition  of  Boswell's 
Life  of  Johnson,  erroneously  speaks  of  this  Mr.  Modd  as  a  P'ellow  and  Tutor. 


ADMISSIONS  DURING  RANDOLPH'S  PRESIDENCY.    291 

Scott,  admitted  aet.  15,  Feb.  26,  1761,  subsequently  Fellow  of 
University,  Camden  Professor  of  Ancient  History,  Judge  of 
the  Admiralty  Court,  and  Lord  Stowell  (elder  brother  of  Lord 
Eldon)  ;  Walker  King,  admitted  March  25,  1768,  subsequently 
Bishop  of  Rochester,  a  great  friend  of  Burke,  and  editor  of 
his  works  (King's  bust,  a  very  beautiful  work  by  Chantrey,  is 
in  the  Common  Room) ;  Henry  Beeke,  admitted  May  5,  1769, 
afterwards  Fellow  of  Oriel,  Regius  Professor  of  Modern 
History  and  Dean  of  Bristol,  a  celebrated  financial  critic  and 
writer;  William  Lipscombe,  admitted  July  6,  1770,  a  littera- 
teur and  poet  of  some  pretensions  ;  French  Laurence,  admitted 
March  5,  1774,  afterwards  Regius  Professor  of  Civil  Law,  a 
friend  of  Burke,  and  associated  with  Bishop  King  in  the 
editing  of  Burke's  works  ;  Thomas  Burgess  *,  admitted  Feb. 
22,  1775,  successively  Bishop  of  St.  David's  and  Salisbury, 
Founder  of  Lampeter  College,  a  voluminous  theological  author, 
but  best  known,  unfortunately,  as  the  stubborn  defender  of  the 
text  of  the  Heavenly  Witnesses  (i  John  v.  7)  against  the 
criticisms  of  Person  and  Turton ;  George  Williams,  admitted 
Sept.  20, 1777,  afterwards  Professor  of  Botany,  and  long  Vice- 
President  and  a  leading  Fellow  of  the  College ;  James  Griffith, 
admitted  at  the  same  time,  afterwards  Fellow  and  ultimately 
Master  of  University;  and,  lastly,  Charles  Abbott,  admitted 
March  21,  1781,  subsequently  L.  C.  J.  of  the  King's  Bench 
and  Lord  Tenterden,  an  eminent  judge  and  an  important 
legal  writer.  Amongst  the  Clerks  may  be  named  Richard 
Laurence,  subsequently  Fellow  of  University,  a  younger 
brother  of  French  Laurence,  who  is  noticed  above,  admitted 
July  14, 1778,  author  of  a  famous  course  of  Bampton  Lectures 
delivered  in  1804,  afterwards  Regius  Professor  of  Hebrew, 
Archbishop  of  Cashel,  and  well  known  in  connexion  with 

1  Though  I  am  anticipating  the  history  by  a  few  years,  I  may  here  quote  a 
passage  from  a  letter  written  by  Burgess  to  Tyrwhitt  on  May  7,  1 783  (Harfbrd's 
Life  of  Bishop  Burgess,  p.  71)  :  '  The  business  of  tuition  has  so  much  increased 
upon  my  hands  this  term,  by  the  addition  of  five  new  pupils — three  of  them 
Scholars,  and  two  Gentlemen-Commoners — that  my  time  is  more  than  ever 
occupied.'  I  do  not  interpret  this  passage  as  shewing  how  soon  a  tutor,  in  those 
days,  began  to  think  himself  over-worked,  but  how  much  individual  care  he 
bestowed  on  his  pupils. 

U  2 


292  MARKED  REVIVAL  OF  THE  COLLEGE. 

certain  critical  books,  such  as  the  translation  of  the  book  of 
Enoch,  which  have  now  passed  out  of  date.  Amongst  the 
Gentlemen  Commoners,  the  most  noticeable  are  Richard 
Lovell  Edgeworth,  admitted  Oct.  10,  1761,  father  of  Miss 
Edgeworth,  an  ingenious  mechanician,  and  author,  amongst 
other  works,  of  the  interesting  Memoirs,  which  are  so  service- 
able in  throwing  light  on  the  condition  of  the  College  at  this 
time;  Thomas  Day,  admitted  June  i,  1764,  eminent  in  his 
time  as  a  poet,  philanthropist  and  pamphleteer,  but  best 
known  to  us  as  the  author  of  Sandford  and  Merton ;  and  Sir 
Richard  Worsley,  Bart.,  of  Appuldercombe  in  the  Isle  of 
Wight,  admitted  April  7,  1768,  subsequently  known  as  a 
diplomatist,  antiquary  and  collector,  author  of  a  History  of 
the  Isle  of  Wight  and  the  rare  '  Museum  Worsleianum 1.' 

Besides  this  creditable,  and,  considering  the  small  size  of 
the  Society,  almost  brilliant  roll  of  former  alumni^  many  of 
whom,  it  may  be  remarked,  owed  their  reputation  in  after 
life  largely  to  the  studies  which  they  had  pursued  in  Oxford, 
there  are  many  other  indications  of  a  brighter  and  better  life 
than  that  which  had  prevailed  in  the  College  during  the  first 
half  of  the  century.  The  gross  acts  of  rowdyism  and  im- 
morality at  the  beginning  of  Randolph's  Presidency  are  truly 
appalling  both  in  their  character  and  their  frequency,  but, 
largely  owing,  perhaps,  to  the  salutary  severity  exercised  by 
the  President  and  his  coadjutors,  the  offences  gradually  be- 
come less  gross,  less  frequent,  and  less  serious,  till  at  last, 
about  the  year  1760,  the  College  seems  to  have  subsided  into 
decent  order.  Indeed,  it  would  be  tolerably  accurate  to  say 
that  it  was  just  about  this  period  that  it  was  beginning  to 
recover  its  pristine  efficiency  and  reputation.  Any  way,  we 

1  The  painting  of  the  Adoration  of  the  Shepherds  by  Rubens  now  in  the  College 
Chapel  was  given  by  Sir  Richard  Worsley  in  1804,  the  year  before  his  death.  It 
took  the  place  of  a  copy  of  Guido's  Annunciation  by  Battoni,  given  by  Sir  Chris- 
topher "Willoughby  of  Baldon  House,  which  was  afterwards  removed  to  Baldon 
Church.  Ingram  (Memorials  of  Oxford)  says  that  the  east  window  was  originally 
blocked  up  to  receive  this  latter  picture. 

It  may  here  be  mentioned  that  the  Honourable  Edward  Bouverie,  a  Gentleman- 
Commoner  admitted  Nov.  2,  1778,  a  cousin,  once  removed,  of  the  late  Dr.  Pusey, 
gave,  in  1782,  the  iron  gate,  bearing  the  Bouverie  arms,  leading  from  the  Cloister 
into  the  Garden. 


EDGEWORTH'S  GRATEFUL  RECOLLECTIONS.       293 

have  remarkable  and  impartial  evidence  as  to  its  condition  at 
this  time,  in  the  Memoirs,  already  referred  to,  of  Mr.  R.  L. 
Edgeworth,  the  father  of  Miss  Edgeworth.  Mr.  Edgeworth 
entered  Corpus  as  a  gentleman-commoner  in  1761,  his  father 
having  '  prudently  removed  him  from  Dublin.'  'Having  en- 
tered C.  C.  C,  Oxford,'  he  says,  '  I  applied  assiduously  not 
only  to  my  studies  under  my  excellent  tutor,  Mr.  Russell ' 
(father  of  Dr.  Russell,  the  Head  Master  of  Charterhouse), '  but 
also  to  the  perusal  of  the  best  English  writers,  both  in  prose 
and  verse.  Scarcely  a  day  passed  without  my  having  added 
to  my  stock  of  knowledge  some  new  fact  or  idea ;  and  I  re- 
member with  satisfaction  the  pleasure  I  then  felt  from  the 
consciousness  of  intellectual  improvement  V  '  I  had  the  good 
fortune  to  make  acquaintance  with  the  young  men,  the  most 
distinguished  at  C.  C.  for  application,  abilities,  and  good  con- 
duct. ...  I  remember  with  gratitude  that  I  was  liked  by  my 
fellow-students,  and  I  recollect  with  pleasure  the  delightful 
and  profitable  hours  I  passed  at  that  University  during  three 
years  of  my  life.'  The  excellent  relations  which  subsisted 
between  Dr.  Randolph  the  '  indulgent  president '  and  his 
undergraduates  have  been  already  noticed.  It  is  curious  to 
contrast  the  account  of  Mr.  Edgeworth's  Corpus  experiences 
with  that  given  by  Gibbon  of  his  Magdalen  experiences  some 
nine  or  ten  years  before  this  time,  or  with  Bentham's  account 
of  his  undergraduate  life  at  Queen's,  which  almost  coincided 
with  that  of  Mr.  Edgeworth  at  Corpus.  Something,  however, 
may,  perhaps,  be  set  down  to  the  difference  of  character  and 
temper  in  the  men  themselves. 

Considering  that  the  improvement  in  manners,  religion,  and 
learning  was  by  no  means  universal  in  Oxford  at  this  time,  it 
would  probably  be  highly  unjust  not  to  assign  a  considerable 
share  of  the  credit  for  the  condition  of  Corpus  to  the  personal 
qualities  of  the  President  and  Tutors.  And  Randolph,  by 
his  large  connexions,  both  lay  and  ecclesiastical,  had  probably 
contributed  to  bring  to  the  College  a  much  more  desirable 
type  of  young  man  than  that  which  had  mostly  frequented  it 

1  When  young  Edgeworth  visited  the  Elers  family  at  Black-bourton,  he  used  to 
read  Cicero  and  Longinus  with  the  father. 


294  PRESIDENCY  OF  JOHN  COOKE. 

during  recent  years.  Any  way,  the  latter  part  of  Randolph's 
Presidency  is  among  the  brighter  spots  in  the  history  of  the 
College,  and,  from  that  time  onwards,  though  there  may  have 
been  fluctuations,  its  educational  efficiency  and  reputation 
have  never  been  obscured. 


The  vacant  Presidency  was  filled  up  on  April  3,  1783,  by 
the  election  of  Dr.  John  Cooke.  The  new  President  was  a 
Hampshire  Scholar,  a  native  of  Winchester,  born  August  23 
or  Sept.  31,  1734.  He  was  originally  matriculated  at  the  old 
Hertford  College,  May  3,  1749,  and  admitted  Scholar  at 
C.  C.  C.  on  Oct.  19,  1750.  He  became  Probationary  Fellow, 
July  4,  1761,  and,  of  course,  not  actual  Fellow  till  two  years 
later,  thus  shewing  the  extremely  slow  rate  of  succession  of 
that  time.  He  had  taken  his  D.D.  Degree  the  year  before 
his  election  to  the  Presidency.  In  1788,  he  became  Vice- 
Chancellor  of  the  University,  and  held  the  office  for  four  years. 
We  know  little  of  Dr.  Cooke's  personal  traits,  except  from  the 
notice  in  Mr.  Justice  Coleridge's  letter  about  the  College  days 
of  Arnold,  Keble,  himself,  and  others,  which  is  reproduced  in 
Stanley's  Life  of  Arnold  :  '  At  the  time  I  speak  of,  1809,  and 
thenceforward  for  some  few  years,  the  College  was  under  the 
presidency,  mild  and  inert,  rather  than  paternal,  of  Dr.  Cooke.' 
He  seems  indeed  to  have  been  one  of  the  respectable,  amiable, 
dignified  heads  of  the  period,  without  any  special  aptitude  for 
literature  or  education.  The  Gentleman's  Magazine  (vol.  93. 
Pt.  I,  p.  281),  under  the  date  of  Feb.  3,  1823,  contains,  in 
addition  to  the  usual  dates,  the  following  Obituary  Notice : 
'  He  was  emphatically  termed  the  Father  of  the  University. 
In  religion  stedfast  and  orthodox — in  politics  true  to  his  King 
and  country — in  conduct  generous  and  hospitable — in  manners 
gentle  though  dignified,  he  might  have  been  regarded  as  the 
representative  of  those  olden  times  we  daily  hear  praised,  but 
seldom  see  imitated.  Dr.  Cooke  was  for  many  years  in  the 
Commission  of  the  Peace  for  the  County  of  Oxford ;  during 
which  period,  conciliating  the  love  of  the  poor,  and  gaining  the 

1  The  dates  vary  in  the  two  Admissions. 


HIS  CHARACTER  AND  ADMINISTRATION.        295 

respect  of  the  rich,  he  proved  that  an  upright  and  attentive 
magistrate  is  a  blessing  to  all  around.  By  his  death,  the 
University  has  lost  one  of  her  most  solid  ornaments,  the  poor 
a  steady  friend,  and  the  country  a  firm  support.'  It  may  be 
mentioned  that  Dr.  Cooke  was  a  great  benefactor  to  the 
Prisoners  in  Oxford  Castle,  as  appears  both  from  the  entry 
under  Feb.  5,  1784,  which  follows,  as  also  from  his  munificent 
charities  during  the  celebration  of  George  Ill's  Jubilee  in 
1 8 jo.  In  addition  to  the  Presidency,  he  held  two  livings, 
both  in  the  County  of  Oxford,  Woodeaton  and  Begbrooke. 
At  the  latter  place,  he  is  buried. 

I  shall  pursue  the  same  course  in  regard  to  this  as  to  the 
last  Presidency  by  throwing  together,  in  the  form  of  Annals, 
those  events  which  are  most  notable  as  illustrating  either  the 
manners  of  the  times  or  the  history  of  the  College. 

April  28,  1783.  Order  given  to  Mr.  Pears,  'an  eminent  builder 
in  Oxford,'  to  execute,  at  the  estimate  of  ^453  izs.  6d.,  certain 
repairs  and  improvements  in  the  President's  Lodgings,  including  the 
present  Dining  Room,  Drawing  Room,  and  Front  Staircase.  But, 
on  account  of  the  great  expenditure  to  which  the  College  was,  at  this 
time,  put  for  this  and  other  purposes,  it  was  resolved  to  pay  every 
attention  to  economy,  and  to  begin  by  '  totally  abolishing  the  usually 
very  expensive  observation  of  Corpus  Christi  Day,  by  which  it  is  pre- 
sumed a  considerable  saving  will  be  made.'  It  was  found,  however, 
difficult  to  carry  out  this  Order,  and  it  was  modified  by  confining  the 
entertainment  to  one  course. 

June  17,  1783.  A  Dublin  M.A.,  Tutor  to  one  of  the  Gentlemen 
Commoners,  allowed  to  become  a  Member  of  the  High  Table  and 
Common  Room,  and,  at  the  same  time,  incorporated  an  M.A.  of 
the  University. 

Same  Date.  An  order  with  regard  to  Caution  Moneys.  That  of 
Gentlemen  Commoners  to  be  raised  from  15  to  30  Guineas.  In 
the  case  of  others,  wishing  to  retain  their  names  '  on  the  private  book 
in  the  Buttery,'  M.A.s  or  those  of  Superior  Degrees  to  pay  10  guineas, 
others  5  guineas. 

Feb.  5,  1784.  Subscription  to  the  Indigent  Poor  of  Oxford, 
amounting  to  ^6  i6,r.  6d.  But  'a  very  considerable  collection 
having  been  made  for  the  Indigent  Poor,  the  President  thought  it 
not  beside  the  purpose  of  the  Gentlemen  of  the  College  to  expend 


296  A  ROYAL   VISIT. 

their  charity  in  the  service  of  the  Prisoners,  seventy-four  in  number, 
who  have  no  means  of  the  comforts,  or  indeed  the  necessaries,  of 
life,  but  from  the  benevolence  of  the  Public.'  Hence  the  sum  was 
distributed  in  fuel  and  meat  among  the  prisoners  in  the  Castle. 

Ap.  7,  1784.  Scholarship  Election  for  County  of  Bedford.  No 
Candidate. 

Jan.  10,  1785.  'The  President  consulted  the  Fellows  on  the 
best  and  most  probable  means  of  checking  the  great  and  enormous 
extravagance  of  the  Gentlemen  Commoners  in  the  article  of  Battels.' 
It  appears  that  they  claimed  the  right  of  having  private  dinners  in 
their  rooms  without  special  leave,  but  it  was  resolved  that  they  were 
under  the  same  regulations  in  this  respect  as  other  members  of  the 
College.  On  April  5,  1791,  the  question  had  to  be  revived,  when  it 
was  ordered  that  no  private  dinner  should  be  served  to  any  Under- 
graduate on  any  pretence  whatever. 

July  21,  1785.  'It  was  agreed  to  lend  Richard  Porson,  M.A.  of 
Ch.  Ch.  (lately  incorporated  from  Cambridge)  our  MS.  of  Suidas,'  on 
entering  into  a  bond. 

Sept.  13,  1785.  'The  College  was  honoured  this  day  with  the 
presence  of  the  King,  Queen,  Princess  Royal,  Princess  Augusta,  and 
Princess  Elisabeth,  the  Princes  Ernest  Augustus  and  Adolphus, 
attended  by  Earl  and  Countess  Harcourt,  General  Harcourt,  Colonel 
Manners,  and  Mr.  Hayes,  Preceptor  to  the  young  Princes.  Passing 
through  the  Quadrangle,  they  entered  the  President's  Garden  by  the 
Cloyster  Gate,  and  staid  a  considerable  time  in  his  house.  They 
then  proceeded  through  the  College  garden  to  Merton.  Their 
Majesties  were  pleased  to  express  much  satisfaction  at  the  situation 
of  the  College,  and  the  elegance  of  the  new  building.' 

January  10,  1786.  Agreed  that  a  sum  not  exceeding  ^600  shall 
be  forthwith  laid  out  on  the  College  account  in  the  Public  Funds,  as 
shall  be  advised  by  our  Bankers,  Messrs.  Child.  Other  Orders  of  the 
same  kind  were  made  on  January  10,  1789  and  1794.  It  seems 
indeed  to  have  soon  become  the  ordinary  way  of  disposing  of  a 
balance  in  the  hands  of  the  College. 

June  30,  1786.  A  Prize  of  the  Oxford  Edition  of  Cicero's  Works 
was  presented,  with  great  commendation,  to  Charles  Abbott  (after- 
wards L.  C.  J.  of  the  King's  Bench  and  Lord  Tenterden),  B.A., 
Scholar  of  the  House,  for  having  obtained  the  English  Essay  Prize 
in  that  year,  and  the  Latin  Verse  Prize  in  1784. 

January  22,  1787.     Mr.  Modd  again  convened  (see  entry  under 


SURVIVAL  OF  ANTIQUATED  REGULATIONS.      297 

April  8,  1779)  on  account  of  his  scandalous  life.  But,  in  pity  for 
his  circumstances,  instead  of  expelling  him,  the  College  forbade  him 
to  eat,  drink,  or  sleep  within  the  walls,  as  being  'one  unworthy  to 
remain  under  the  same  roof  with  them,'  but  he  was  still  to  go  on 
performing  his  duties  in  the  Chapel,  and  to  receive  the  full  pay  of 
his  office. 

Feb.  12,  1787.  It  appears,  from  an  application  for  exemption, 
that  the  Sermon  at  St.  Peter's  in  the  East  prescribed  by  the  old 
Statutes  (Cap.  25)  was  still  customary  and  enforced. 

Apr.  25  and  Dec.  15,  1787.  We  find  that  the  examinations  in 
College  for  the  B.A.  Degree  were  beginning  to  be  dispensed 
with,  in  cases  of  good  conduct  and  a  satisfactory  appearance  at  the 
Terminal  Examinations.  There  are  similar  cases  on  Oct.  22,  1788, 
and  January  26  and  June  30,  1791,  &c.,  &c.  It  is  plain  that  these 
examinations  were  becoming  antiquated.  After  a  while,  the  dispensa- 
tion became  a  common  form.  Ultimately,  it  dropped  out  altogether. 

Feb.  20,  1788.  Petition  from  the  Bachelors  to  introduce  strangers 
into  Hall.  Rejected  as  inconsistent  with  the  Founder's  Statutes. 

April  1 8,  1791.  Twenty  guineas  advanced  to  the  Curators  of  the 
Bodleian  Library,  '  to  be  disposed  of  by  them  in  the  prosecution  of 
their  present  very  laudable  efforts  to  enrich  the  said  Library  with 
valuable  purchases  from  Foreign  Sales,'  &c. 

Feb.  21,  1792.  A  grace  to  proceed  B.A.  was  granted  to  Samuel 
How,  '  late  Chorister  (or  as  it  now  is  termed  Exhibitioner)  of  the 
College.'  It  thus  appears,  as  from  a  similar  entry  under  Oct.  26, 
1795,  that  the  Choristers  (and,  doubtless,  also  the  Clerks)  had  now 
come  to  be  called  Exhibitioners. 

Feb.  22,  1792.  A  riot  in  College  and  outrageous  attack  on  the 
apartments  of  one  of  the  Senior  Fellows,  headed  by  a  Gentleman 
Commoner  recently  removed  from  the  books.  The  remaining 
offenders  (six  in  number)  were  punished  with  heavy  impositions. 

Apr.  9,  1792.  Mr.  Modd  (see  two  previous  extracts)  was  at  length 
dismissed  by  the  President  and  Bursar  from  the  office  of  Chaplain. 

Nov.  5,  1792.  Subscription  of  thirty  guineas  for  the  relief  of  the 
French  Clergy,  '  who  have  been  necessitated  to  abandon  their  own 
country  and  take  refuge  in  the  British  dominions.' 

Feb.  19,  1793.  Severe  punishment,  by  total  confinement  to 
College  for  the  remainder  of  Term  and  impositions  (including  public 
recitations  of  passages  in  Hall),  of  Whitfield,  a  Scholar,  for  absenting 
himself  from  College  during  the  first  five  weeks  of  Term. 


298    PATRIOTIC  SUBSCRIPTIONS  DURING  THE  WAR. 

July  8,  1793.  The  President  presented  a  book  to  Edward 
Copleston,  with  an  inscription,  '  in  consideration  of  his  very  good 
appearance  in  the  Theatre  this  year  on  delivering  his  Prize  Compo- 
sition in  Latin  Verse.' 

Jan.  24,  1794.  It  was  unanimously  agreed  to  drop  the  future 
observation  of  Corpus  Christi  Day. 

Ap.  14,  1794.  It  was  agreed  to  contribute  from  the  Tower  ;£ioo 
'towards  the  fund  now  raising  throughout  the  kingdom  for  the 
internal  defence  thereof.' 

Jan.  10,  1795.  It  appears,  from  an  order  now  made,  that  speeches 
on  classical  authors,  prescribed  by  the  President,  were  still  delivered 
in  the  College  Hall,  according  to  the  provisions  of  Ch.  24  of  the 
Old  Statutes,  by  both  Fellows  and  Scholars,  before  receiving  their 
graces  for  Degrees.  The  order,  on  this  day,  is  to  the  effect  that  they 
shall  always  be  delivered  in  full  Term. 

July  20,  1795.    E.  Copleston  elected  Fellow  of  Oriel,  set.  19^. 

July  25,  1795.  H.  Phillpotts  elected  Fellow  of  Magdalen,  set. 
1 7  yrs.  2  months. 

Feb.  15,  1797.  John  Hook,  an  Undergraduate  Scholar,  for 
idleness,  &c.,  ordered,  amongst  other  punishments,  to  repeat  the 
first  eight  Odes  of  Horace,  on  different  occasions,  after  dinner  in 
Hall. 

March  20,  1797.  Another  Scholar,  John  Bond,  rusticated  for 
two  terms  (the  first  recorded  instance  of  this  punishment  in  the 
College  books),  and  set  several  long  exercises  to  do  in  the  interval, 
besides  'the  Vacation  exercise,  the  subject  of  which  will  be  com- 
municated to  him  at  the  usual  time'  (showing  that  this  Vacation 
exercise  was  now  a  regular  institution  of  the  College). 

Feb.  13,  1798.  The  sum  of  ^150  contributed  'towards  the 
present  exigencies  of  the  state.'  (See  former  entry  of  Ap.  14,  1794.) 

Oct.  19,  1798.     No  Candidate  for  the  Bedfordshire  Scholarship. 

Jan.  28,  1 80 1.     Institution  of  Building  Fund. 

Jan.  25,  1804.  Finally  agreed  to  new-face  the  inner  walls  of  the 
College  with  Windrush  or  Barrington  stone.  Subscription  started, 
in  aid  of  the  Tower  Fund,  for  that  purpose. 

Jan.  29,  1805.  Agreed  to  subscribe,  from  the  Tower  Fund,  the 
sum  of  ;£ioo  to  the  support  of  the  Oxford  Loyal  Volunteers. 

May  4,  1809.  Agreed  to  subscribe  30  guineas  towards  relieving 
the  present  distressed  state  of  the  Episcopal  Church  in  Scotland ; 
and  also  20  guineas  to  the  relief  of  certain  French  clergy  in  England. 


RAPID  INCREASE  OF  COLLEGE  EXPENCES.      299 

These  sums  to  be  taken  from  the  Interest-money  fund  (appearing  to 
show  that  the  College  had  some  scruple  in  dividing  the  interest  on 
loans  or  deposits). 

June  14,  1809.  In  granting  leaves  of  absence,  for  educational 
work,  to  certain  B.A.  Scholars,  of  full  academical  standing  for  the 
M.A.  Degree,  but  deterred  from  taking  it  by  the  now  antiquated 
provision  in  the  Founder's  Statutes  with  regard  to  postponing  it  for 
three  years  after  Determination,  the  Resolution  proceeds  as  follows  : 
'  We  are  the  less  scrupulous  at  conniving  at  these  indulgences  from 
the  consideration  of  the  present  heavy  expences  of  Academical 
Residence — far  beyond  all  former  times  and  very  distressing  to 
several  of  our  young  men,  who  are  by  no  means  competent  to  give 
into  them,  but  yet  would  not  willingly  submit  to  a  peculiarity  of 
conduct  among  those  of  the  same  rank  with  themselves.'  This 
increase  of  College  expences  seems,  of  late,  to  have  been  very  rapid, 
partly,  no  doubt,  owing  to  the  increase  of  prices  through  the  war,  but 
partly  also  to  the  more  luxurious  style  of  living,  and  that,  in  turn, 
to  the  higher  social  status  of  those  who  now,  for  the  most  part, 
frequented  the  University. 

July  20,  1811.     John  Keble  elected  Fellow  of  Oriel,  aet.  19^. 

Oct.  12, 1811.  MrrVaughan  Thomas  this  day  vacated  his  Fellow- 
ship ;  but  Mr.  Frowd  (subsequently  a  very  eccentric  Senior  Fellow 
of  the  College,  of  whom  many  stories  are  even  still  extant) — the 
Senior  Master  Scholar — being  out  of  the  kingdom  on  board  His 
Majesty's  Fleet,  no  time  was  fixed  for  the  election  of  a  Pro- 
bationer. 

Dec.  17,  1812.  Large  advance  of  money  made  to  the  Hampshire 
Bailiffs,  on  account  of  the  '  greatly  increased  expence  of  travelling 
for  the  purpose  of  collecting  our  rents,  &c.  in  their  respective 
districts.' 

January  27,  1813.  'Agreed  to  subscribe  ^40,  from  the  Interest 
Fund,  to  the  relief  of  the  suffering  inhabitants  of  Russia.'  (It  would 
appear  from  this,  and  several  previous  entries  of  a  like  kind,  as  if  the 
Interest  on  Investments  were  not  divided,  but  expended  on  charities, 
or  for  extraordinary  purposes.) 

'In  consequence  of  the  increased  expence  in  Battels,'  several 
resolutions  were  passed  at  this  meeting,  affecting  all  members  of  the 
College  under  the  M.A.  Degree.  The  most  notable  of  these  Reso- 
lutions was  the  advance  of  the  Caution  Money  of  the  Gentlemen 
Commoners  from  50  guineas  to  the  extraordinary  sum  of  80  guineas, 


300  VISIT  OF  THE  ALLIED  SOVEREIGNS. 

half  of  which  was  to  remain  in  the  Bursar's  hands  after  taking  the 
B.A.  Degree. 

On  Aug.  24,  1813,  the  Visitor  (Brownlow  North,  whose  communi- 
cations with  the  College,  I  may  say,  are  marked  with  the  most 
uniform  courtesy  and  consideration)  delivered  an  opinion  that 
Matthew  Arnold,  now  serving  as  an  Army  Chaplain,  and,  therefore, 
absent  on  the  King's  service,  might  defer  his  presence  in  Oxford  for 
admission  to  his  Actual  Fellowship,  six,  eight  or  ten  months  beyond 
the  usual  time.  This  Matthew  Arnold  was  an  elder  brother  of 
Thomas  Arnold,  and  died  in  1820. 

March  i,  1814.  Forty  Pounds  subscribed  towards  the  relief  of 
the  German  sufferers. 

May  13,  1814.  Application  made  to  the  Visitor  to  extend  the 
Property  limitation  on  Fellowships  and  Scholarships,  '  in  considera- 
tion of  the  great  decrease  in  the  value  of  money  and  the  improvement 
of  the  College  revenues.'  '  The  present  annual  value  of  a  Fellowship, 
with  all  its  advantages,  cannot  be  estimated  at  less  than  ^200' ;  that 
of  a  Scholarship  at  less  than  ^70.  In  compliance  with  this  request, 
the  Visitor,  on  Dec.  19,  1814,  issued  an  Order,  or  permission,  as  he 
phrases  it,  that,  henceforth,  an  Actual  Fellowship  shall  be  tenable 
with  an  annual  income,  from  any  of  the  sources  enumerated  in  the 
Statutes,  not  exceeding  ^£200  a  year;  a  Probationer  Fellowship 
with  such  an  income  not  exceeding ,£100  a  year;  and  a  Scholarship 
with  such  an  income  not  exceeding  ^80  a  year.  This  Order  is 
regarded  by  him  as  an  extension  of  the  Injunction,  issued  in  1782, 
in  respect  of  Dr.  Donne's  case,  namely  that,  looking  to  the  spirit  of 
the  original  Statutes,  a  Fellowship  is  tenable  with  any  income  not 
exceeding  it  in  amount.  It  is  noteworthy  that  an  equitable  and 
liberal  construction  of  the  Statutes  was  beginning  to  prevail  at  this 
time. 

June  14,  15,  1814.  Visit  of  the  allied  Sovereigns  (Emperor  of 
Russia,  King  of  Prussia,  and  Prince  Regent  of  England)  to  Oxford. 
The  King  of  Prussia  was  assigned  to  the  President's  Lodgings  at 
Corpus,  and  slept  there  on  Tuesday,  June  14.  The  Emperor  and 
King  remained  only  one  night  in  Oxford,  '  and,  on  their  departure, 
the  Wednesday  Evening,  expressed  themselves  much  pleased  with  the 
attentions  shewn  to  them.'  There  is  still  an  agreeable  record  of 
the  King  of  Prussia's  stay  at  Corpus  in  a  beautiful  porcelain  vase  of 
Berlin  manufacture,  bearing  on  one  side  a  portrait  of  the  King  and 
on  the  other  a  picture  of  Berlin,  then,  comparatively,  a  small  town. 


CELEBRATION  df  THE  TERCENTENARY.         301 

The  vase  has  ever  since  been  displayed  in  the  President's  Drawing 
Room,  and  the  correspondence  which  accompanied  it,  in  1818,  is 
still  preserved  in  the  President's  Bureau. 

June  23,  1814.  Prizes  of  books  to  T.  Arnold  and  T.  Penrose  for 
their  examinations  in  the  Schools. 

June  24,  1814.  Present  of  books  to  Henry  Bosanquet,  a  Gen- 
tleman Commoner,  for  his  copy  of  congratulatory  verses,  de- 
livered in  the  Theatre  on  the  occasion  of  the  visit  of  the  Allied 
Sovereigns. 

July  20,  1815.     T.  Arnold  elected  Fellow  of  Oriel,  set.  20. 

Oct.  26,  1815.  Order  for  amendment  in  regard  to  'the  careless 
and  indecorous  manner  in  which  the  Bachelors  deliver  their  declam- 
ations in  the  College  Hall.'  The  Senior  in  Hall  is  to  interpose, 
when  the  exercise  is  improperly  performed,  and  to  require  a  re- 
petition of  the  Declamation  on  some  other  day. 

Nov.  27,  1816.  Ten  guineas  subscribed  towards  erecting  certain 
churches  in  Lower  Canada,  in  connexion  with  the  Church  of 
England.  The  same  donation  was  repeated  on  June  26,  1824 ;  also 
five  guineas  given  towards  establishing  a  Theological  Seminary  in 
the  Diocese  of  Ohio,  U.S.A. 

On  June  18,  1817,  the  College  commemorated  its  three  hundredth 
anniversary,  1517,  according  to  our  reckoning,  having  been  the  year 
(though  the  exact  day  was  March  4)  in  which  it  was  inducted  into 
its  buildings.  There  was  a  crowded  chapel  service  at  9.30  A.M., 
and  a  large  dinner  to  which  nearly  a  hundred  sat  down.  Both  the 
members  for  the  University,  Sir  William  Scott,  afterwards  Lord 
Stowell,  and  '  the  Right  Hon.  R.  Peel,  our  newly  elected  member,' 
were  present.  Medals,  in  silver  and  bronze,  were  struck  to  com- 
memorate the  occasion,  and  one  of  these  was  sent  to  the  Prince  of 
Hardenberg,  for  the  Prussian  Royal  Library.  A  full  account  of  the 
commemoration  is  given  in  a  letter  printed  in  Jackson's  Oxford 
Journal  of  June  28,  1817  (MSS.  Top.  D.  Oxfordshire,  c.  2,  Nos.  or 
Fols.  196,  197.  This  MS.  contains  a  number  of  other  papers  re- 
lating to  C.  C.  C.,  collected  by  the  Rev.  Vaughan  Thomas). 

August  1 8,  Oct.  15,  1817.  From  orders  of  these  dates  with 
regard  to  the  character  and  position  of  the  shields,  it  would  appear 
that  it  was  about  this  time  that  the  statue  of  the  Founder  was  erected 
on  the  south  side  of  the  Quadrangle. 

January  27,  1818.  In  pursuance  of  a  petition  sealed  on  Oct.  n 
last,  a  Licence  had  been  obtained  from  the  Crown  to  purchase  and 


302  BRILLIANT  LIST  OF  ADMISSIONS 

hold  in   Mortmain  additional   advowsons   not   exceeding  five   in 
number  or  ,£3000  per  annum  in  value. 

Feb.  1 6,  1818.  A  letter  communicated  from  Dr.  Copleston, 
Provost  of  Oriel,  proposing  an  exchange  of  houses,  belonging  to 
Oriel,  in  St.  Mary's  parish,  for  certain  property,  belonging  to  Corpus, 
in  St.  John  Baptist's  parish,  the  object  being  to  acquire  space  for  the 
purpose  of  adding  to  the  buildings  of  Oriel.  Answered,  that  the 
Society  would  have  no  objection  to  enter  into  negotiation  (under 
approbation  of  their  Visitor)  on  the  principle  of  Exchange.  These 
negotiations,  however,  led  to  no  result. 

March  25,  1818.  One  hundred  guineas  voted  from  the  Interest 
Fund  for  the  Building  and  Enlarging  of  Churches,  the  President 
adding  ^25. 

June  8,  1820.  It  appears,  from  a  dispensation  given,  on  account 
of  illness,  to  R.  A.  Thorpe,  that  it  was  still  customary  for  Scholars, 
on  taking  the  B.A.  Degree,  to  make  a  '  Degree  Speech.'  As  Thorpe 
was  excused,  because  he  could  not  sufficiently  apply  himself  to  the 
reading  requisite  for  the  purpose,  it  would  seem  to  have  been  a 
reality. 

Jan.  12,  1821.     Advowson  of  Byfield  purchased  for  5000  guineas. 

In  1822,  'the  whole  business  and  ceremony  of  Determination 
having  beeri  now  by  competent  authority  abolished  in  the  Univer- 
sity,' the  Visitor  (Bp.  Tomline)  removed  the  restriction,  which  was  now 
completely  antiquated  and  often  very  vexatious,  deferring  the  M.A. 
Degree  of  Foundationers  of  Corpus  till  after  the  lapse  of  three  years 
from  '  determination '  (a  ceremony  which  took  place  in  the  following 
Lent)  instead  of  three  years  from  admission  to  the  B.A.  Degree.  Their 
compulsory  residence  as  B.A.s  had  thus  been  often  unduly  and 
unnecessarily  prolonged.  Archdeacon  Phelps  (Life,  vol.  I.  p.  337) 
tells  a  characteristic  story  of  Dr.  Cooke,  that,  on  calling,  shortly 
after  the  decision  was  announced,  on  the  old  President,  '  he  said  he 
did  not  know  anything  that  could  give  him  much  more  satisfaction, 
just  as  he  was  dropping  into  the  grave,  than  to  see  the  matter  set  at 
rest  in  the  manner  it  now  is.' 

Feb.  3,  1823.  'Dr.  John  Cooke,  President  of  this  College, 
departed  this  life,  having  presided  therein  39  yrs.  10  months.' 

The  list  of  eminent  men,  who  entered  at  Corpus  during  Dr. 
Cooke's  Presidency,  is,  considering  the  very  small  number  of 
Undergraduates  which  the  College  was  then  allowed  to  receive, 


DURING  DR.  COOKE'S  PRESIDENCY.  303 

surprising  both  for  its  size  and  its  brilliancy.  Beginning  with 
the  Scholars,  we  have  Edward  Copleston,  admitted,  set.  15, 
May  25,  1791,  subsequently  Fellow  and  Provost  of  Oriel, 
Dean  of  St.  Paul's  and  Bishop  of  Llandaff,  perhaps  the 
leading  man  in  Oxford  in  his  day,  and  a  writer,  on  many 
subjects,  of  no  mean  pretensions  ;  Henry  Phillpotts,  admitted, 
set.  13!,  Nov.  7,  1791,  subsequently  Fellow  of  Magdalen,  aet. 
17^,  Dean  of  Chester  and  Bishop  of  Exeter,  one  of  the  most 
noted  Bishops,  controversialists  and  pamphleteers  of  his  time  ; 
Willingham  Franklin,  admitted  March  31,  1797,  afterwards 
Fellow  of  Oriel,  created  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  at 
Madras  and  knighted,  brother  of  the  celebrated  explorer,  Sir 
John  Franklin  ;  George  Leigh  Cooke,  nephew  of  the  Pre- 
sident, admitted  July  7,  1797,  Sedleian  Professor  of  Natural 
Philosophy  from  iSioto  1853;  Godfrey  Faussett,  admitted  the 
same  day,  afterwards  Fellow  of  Magdalen,  Margaret  Professor 
of  Divinity  and  Canon  of  Christ  Church ;  Thomas  Edward 
Bridges,  admitted  Oct.  30,  1798,  Cooke's_  successor  in  the 
Presidency;  William  Buckland,  admitted  May  14,  1801,  long 
a  resident  Fellow  of  Corpus,  then  Canon  of  Ch.  Ch.  and  Dean 
of  Westminster,  Professor,  down  to  his  death  in  1856,  of 
Mineralogy  and  of  Geology,  one  of  the  most  famous  of 
English  Geologists,  and,  indeed,  one  of  the  creators  of  the 
science l ;  John  Keble,  Author  of  the  Christian  Year,  ad- 
mitted Dec.  12,  1806,  aet.  i4yrs.  7  months,  and  elected  Fellow 
of  Oriel,  aet.  I9ir2 ;  John  Taylor  Coleridge,  admitted  April  21, 
1809,  at  the  then  somewhat  late  age  of  i8f,  subsequently 
Fellow  of  Exeter,  and  Justice  of  the  King's  Bench,  one  of  the 
most  learned  and  accomplished  Judges  of  his  time ;  Thomas 
Arnold,  admitted  Feb.  22, 181 1,  aet.  15  yrs.  8  months,  and  elected 

1  There  is  a  large  room  in  the  Front  Quadrangle,  now  appropriated  to  the 
purposes  of  an  Undergraduates'  Library,  which  was  Dr.  Buckland's  sitting  room, 
and  fitted  up  by  him,  irrespectively  of  personal  comfort,  as  a  Geological  Museum, — 
probably  the  earliest  collection  of  the  kind  in  Oxford,  or  perhaps  in  England, 
which  was  arranged  on  anything  like  scientific  principles. 

2  The  Father  (John,  admitted  Scholar  Dec.  23,  1762)  and  the  younger  brother 
(Thomas,  admitted  Scholar  March  31,  1808,  set.  14  yrs.  5  months)  were  both 
Fellows   of  Corpus.     All  three  were   Gloucestershire   Scholars,  and  natives  of 
Fairford.    John  Keble,  if  not  also  Thomas,  as  is  probable,  came  to  Oxford 
prepared  solely  by  his  Father. 


304  NOTABLE  ADMISSIONS. 

Fellow  of  Oriel,  set.  20,  afterwards  Head  Master  of  Rugby 
and  Regius  Professor  of  Modern  History,  eminent  alike  as 
an  author,  a  liberal  theologian,  and  the  reformer  of  English 
Public  School  education l ;  Henry  Jenkyns,  admitted  June  4, 
1813,  afterwards  Fellow  of  Oriel,  Canon  of  Durham,  and 
Professor  of  Divinity  in  the  University  of  Durham ;  James 
Norris,  subsequently  President,  and  William  Phelps,  Arch- 
deacon of  Carlisle,  whose  letters  and  memoirs  (published  in 
1873)  give  us  glimpses  of  the  interior  of  the  College  during 
his  Undergraduate  days,  both  admitted  Oct.  20,  1815;  and, 
lastly,  Edward  Parr  Greswell,  admitted  Jan.  30,  1816,  a  most 
laborious  and  disinterested  Scholar,  some  of  whose  books  had/ 
at  one  time,  considerable  circulation,  but  who  ultimately  ex- 
hausted himself  in  the  production  of  a  huge  work,  entitled 
( Fasti  Catholici  Temporis,'  which  found  few  readers,  and, 
resembling,  both  in  its  execution  and  its  spirit,  the  produc- 
tions of  the  seventeenth  rather  than  the  nineteenth  century, 
was  doubtless  'born  out  of  due  time.'  Amongst  the  Chaplains 
was  John  Gutch,  the  celebrated  Oxford  Antiquary,  Registrar 
of  the  University,  and  Editor  of  Wood's  History  and  Antiqui- 
ties of  the  University  of  Oxford  and  of  the  Colleges  and  Halls. 
Gutch  held  the  office  of  Chaplain  from  1787  to  1792.  It  is 
curious  that  Hearne,  a  still  more  celebrated  Antiquary,  tells  us 
that  a  Chaplaincy  had  been  offered  to  himself  at  Corpus  by 
Dr.  Turner,  but  declined.  Amongst  the  Exhibitioners  (as  the 
Clerks  and  Choristers  had  now  begun  to  be  called)  may  be 
named  Edward  Coleridge,  admitted  Feb.  21,  1818,  the  well- 
known  Second  Master  of  Eton,  and  three  well-known  clergy- 
men, John  Bartholomew,  Archdeacon  of  Barnstaple,  admitted 
April  21,  1809,  Philip  Jacob,  Archdeacon  of  Winchester, 
admitted  October  16,  1821,  and  William  James  Copleston, 
admitted  March  20,  1822,  afterwards  Fellow  of  Oriel  and 
Rector  of  Cromhall,  Gloucestershire,  a  writer  of  some  note. 
Amongst  the  Gentlemen  Commoners  may  be  mentioned  the 
Hon.  Charles  James  Stewart,  admitted  May  22,  1792,  after- 

1  An  elder  brother  of  Thomas  Arnold,  Matthew  Arnold,  who  has  already  been 
mentioned,  was  admitted  Scholar,  Nov.  23,  1803,  afterwards  became  Fellow,  and 
died  in  1820. 


CORPUS  IN  THE  DAYS  OF  ARNOLD.  305 

wards  Bishop  of  Quebec,  to  whom  there  is  a  memorial  tablet 
in  the  Cloisters ;  Thomas  Grimstone  Estcourt,  admitted 
April  10,  1793,  Burgess  for  the  University  from  1826  to  1847, 
whose  portrait  is  in  the  Hall ;  the  Hon.  John  William  Ward, 
Secretary  of  State  for  Foreign  Affairs  and  first  Earl  of 
Dudley  ;  George,  afterwards  Hon.  George  Pellew,  Dean  of 
Norwich,  admitted  March  20, 1812;  the  Hon.  Thomas  Moreton 
Fitzhardinge  Berkeley,  admitted  June  23,  1814,  who  was 
de  jure  sixth  Earl  of  Berkeley,  but,  out  of  delicacy  for  the 
reputation  of  his  mother,  nobly  refused  to  take  the  title ;  and 
Hugh  Usher  Tighe,  admitted  May  17,  1819,  Dean  of  Deny 
and  of  the  Chapel  Royal,  Dublin. 

We  are  peculiarly  fortunate  in  possessing  two  excellent  and 
unexceptionable  sources  of  information  as  to  the  condition  of 
Corpus  in  the  later  years  of  Dr.  Cooke's  Presidency.  The 
charming  account  of  Corpus,  its  studies,  and  its  youthful 
society,  contributed  by  Mr.  Justice  Coleridge  to  Stanley's 
Life  of  Arnold,  is  so  well  known  that  it  might  seem  only  to 
require  a  passing  reference ;  but  the  reader  will  hardly  grudge 
the  trouble  of  reading  once  more  the  two  or  three  pages  which 
are  most  pertinent  to  the  subject  of  the  present  book. 

In  a  letter  to  Arthur  Stanley,  dated  September,  1 843 l,  Sir 
John  Coleridge  says  of  his  recently  deceased  friend  : — 

'  Arnold  and  I,  as  you  know '  (and,  as  it  may  be  added,  the  two 
Kebles,  John  and  Thomas),  'were  undergraduates  of  Corpus  Christi, 
a  College  very  small  in  its  numbers,  and  humble  in  its  buildings, 
but  to  which  we  and  our  fellow-students  formed  an  attachment  never 
weakened  in  the  after-course  of  our  lives.  At  the  time  I  speak  of, 
1809,  and  thenceforward  for  some  few  years,  it  was  under  the 
presidency,  mild  and  inert,  rather  than  paternal,  of  Dr.  Cooke. 
His  nephew,  Dr.  Williams,  was  the  vice-president,  and  medical 
fellow,  the  only  lay  fellow  permitted  by  the  statutes.  Retired  he  was 
in  his  habits,  and  not  forward  to  interfere  with  the  pursuits  or 
studies  of  the  young  men.  But  I  am  bound  to  record  not  only  his 
learning  and  good  taste,  but  the  kindness  of  his  heart,  and  his 
readiness  to  assist  them  by  advice  and  criticism  in  their  compo- 
sitions. When  I  wrote  for  the  Latin  Verse  prize,  in  1810,  I  was 

1  Stanley's  Life  of  Arnold,  ch.  i. 
X 


306          MODE  OF  TUITION  IN  ARNOLD'S  DAYS. 

much  indebted  to  him  for  advice  in  matters  of  taste  and  Latinity, 
and  for  the  pointing  out  many  faults  in  my  rough  verses. 

'  Our  tutors  were  the  present  Sedleian  Professor,  the  Rev.  G.  L. 
Cooke,  and  the  lately  deceased  President,  the  Rev.  T.  Bridges.  Of 
the  former,  because  he  is  alive,  I  will  only  say  that  I  believe  no  one 
ever  attended  his  lectures  without  learning  to  admire  his  unwearied 
industry,  patience,  and  good  temper,  and  that  few  if  any  quitted  his 
pupil  room  without  retaining  a  kindly  feeling  towards  him.  The 
recent  death  of  Dr.  Bridges  would  have  affected  Arnold  as  it  has 
me :  he  was  a  most  amiable  man ;  the  affectionate  earnestness  of 
his  manner,  and  his  high  tone  of  feeling,  fitted  him  especially  to 
deal  with  young  men ;  he  made  us  always  desirous  of  pleasing  him  ; 
perhaps  his  fault  was  that  he  was  too  easily  pleased ;  I  am  sure  that 
he  will  be  long  and  deeply  regretted  in  the  University. 

'  It  was  not,  however,  so  much  by  the  authorities  of  the  college  that 
Arnold's  character  was  affected,  as  by  its  constitution  and  system, 
and  by  the  residents  whom  it  was  his  fortune  to  associate  with 
familiarly  there.  I  shall  hardly  do  justice  to  my  subject,  unless  I 
state  a  few  particulars  as  to  the  former,  and  what  I  am  at  liberty  to 
mention  as  to  the  latter.  Corpus  is  a  very  small  establishment, — 
twenty  fellows  and  twenty  scholars,  with  four  exhibitioners,  form  the 
foundation.  No  independent  members  were  admitted  except  gentle- 
men commoners,  and  they  were  limited  to  six.  Of  the  scholars 
several  were  bachelors,  and  the  whole  number  of  students  actually 
under  college  tuition  seldom  exceeded  twenty.  But  the  scholarships, 
though  not  entirely  open,  were  yet  enough  so  to  admit  of  much 
competition ;  their  value,  and,  still  more,  the  creditable  strictness 
and  impartiality  with  which  the  examinations  were  conducted  (quali- 
ties at  that  time  more  rare  in  college  elections  than  now),  insured  a 
number  of  good  candidates  for  each  vacancy,  and  we  boasted  a  more 
than  proportionate  share  of  successful  competitors  for  university 
honours.  It  had  been  generally  understood  (I  know  not  whether 
the  statutes  prescribe  the  practice)  that  in  the  examinations  a  large 
allowance  was  made  for  youth ;  certain  it  was  that  we  had  many  very 
young  candidates,  and  that,  of  these,  many  remarkable  for  early 
proficiency  succeeded.  We  were  then  a  small  society,  the  members 
rather  under  the  usual  age,  and  with  more  than  the  ordinary  propor- 
tion of  ability  and  scholarship ;  our  mode  of  tuition  was  in  harmony 
with  these  circumstances ;  not  by  private  lectures,  but  in  classes  of 
such  a  size  as  excited  emulation,  and  made  us  careful  in  the  exact 


SOCIAL  RELATIONS  OF  THE  UNDERGRADUATES.    307 

and  neat  rendering  of  the  original,  yet  not  so  numerous  as  to 
prevent  individual  attention  on  the  tutor's  part,  and  familiar  know- 
ledge of  each  pupil's  turn  and  talents.  In  addition  to  the  books 
read  in  lecture,  the  tutor  at  the  beginning  of  the  term  settled  with 
each  student  upon  some  book  to  be  read  by  himself  in  private,  and 
prepared  for  the  public  examination  at  the  end  of  term  in  Hall ;  and 
with  this  book  something  on  paper,  either  an  analysis  of  it,  or 
remarks  upon  it,  was  expected  to  be  produced,  which  insured  that 
the  book  should  really  have  been  read.  It  has  often  struck  me 
since  that  this  whole  plan,  which  is  now  I  believe  in  common  use  in 
the  University,  was  well  devised  for  the  tuition  of  young  men  of  our 
age.  We  were  not  entirely  set  free  from  the  leading-strings  of  the 
school;  accuracy  was  cared  for;  we  were  accustomed  to  viva  voce 
rendering,  and  viva  voce  question  and  answer  in  our  lecture-room, 
before  an  audience  of  fellow-students,  whom  we  sufficiently  respected; 
at  the  same  time,  the  additional  reading,  trusted  to  ourselves  alone, 
prepared  us  for  accurate  private  study,  and  for  our  final  exhibition 
in  the  schools. 

'  One  result  of  all  these  circumstances  was,  that  we  lived  on  the 
most  familiar  terms  with  each  other :  we  might  be,  indeed  we  were, 
somewhat  boyish  in  manner,  and  in  the  liberties  we  took  with  each 
other ;  but  our  interest  in  literature,  ancient  and  modern,  and  in  all 
the  stirring  matters  of  that  stirring  time,  was  not  boyish ;  we  debated 
the  classic  and  romantic  question  ;  we  discussed  poetry  and  history, 
logic  and  philosophy ;  or  we  fought  over  the  Peninsular  battles  and 
the  Continental  campaigns  with  the  energy  of  disputants  personally 
concerned  in  them.  Our  habits  were  inexpensive  and  temperate: 
one  break-up  party  was  held  in  the  junior  common  room  at  the  end 
of  each  term,  in  which  we  indulged  our  genius  more  freely,  and  our 
merriment,  to  say  the  truth,  was  somewhat  exuberant  and  noisy;  but 
the  authorities  wisely  forbore  too  strict  an  inquiry  into  this. 

'  It  was  one  of  the  happy  peculiarities  of  Corpus  that  the  bachelor 
scholars  were  compelled  to  residence.  (An  exceedingly  questionable 
opinion.  See  Resolution  of  the  College,  passed  Nov.  19,  1851.) 
This  regulation,  seemingly  inconvenient,  but  most  wholesome  as  I 
cannot  but  think  for  themselves,  and  now  unwisely  relaxed,  operated 
very  beneficially  on  the  undergraduates ;  with  the  best  and  the  most 
advanced  of  these  they  associated  very  usefully :  I  speak  here  with 
grateful  and  affectionate  remembrances  of  the  privileges  which  I 
enjoyed  in  this  way.' 

x  a 


308  ARNOLD  AND  BUCK  LAND. 

To  this  long  extract  may  be  added  a  short  notice  of  Arnold's 
relations  to  Dr.  Buckland,  as  bringing  into  connexion,  within 
the  walls  of  the  same  small  College,  two  of  the  most  famous 
men  of  the  beginning  of  this  century :  '  When  Professor 
Buckland,  then  one  of  our  Fellows,  began  his  career  in  that 
science,  to  the  advancement  of  which  he  has  contributed  so 
much,  Arnold  became  one  of  his  most  earnest  and  intelligent 
pupils,  and  you  know  how  familiarly  and  practically  he  ap- 
plied geological  facts,  in  all  his  later  years.' 

Soon  after  Arnold  was  elected  Fellow  of  Oriel,  a  Scholar 
was  elected  at  Corpus,  in  the  autumn  of  1815?  William 
Whitmarsh  Phelps,  afterwards  Archdeacon  of  Carlisle,  whose 
published  letters 1  contain  abundant  information  about  the 
social  condition  and  studies  of  the  College.  Phelps,  though 
a  youth  of  the  most  sterling  worth  and  of  a  rare  simplicity  of 
character,  did  not,  like  Arnold,  possess  those  intellectual  and 
social  charms  which  captivate  undergraduate  society,  and  it  is 
plain  that  he  was  in  restricted  circumstances.  But  he  speaks 
enthusiastically  of  the  friendliness,  tolerance,  and  good-humour 
which  pervaded  the  small  society  of  undergraduates,  and  he 
is  constantly  recurring  in  terms  of  respect  and  appreciation, 
which  bear  evident  marks  of  sincerity,  to  the  kindliness,  help- 
fulness, and  competence  of  the  two  tutors,  as  well  as  to  the 
friendly  interest  shown  in  their  juniors  by  the  other  senior 
members  of  the  College.  The  relations  were,  in  fact,  those 
of  a  large  and  harmonious  family.  It  is  best,  however,  to  let 
young  Phelps  give  his  early  impressions  of  the  College  in  his 
own  simple  words.  The  following  extracts  are  taken  from  a 
letter  to  his  Father,  dated  Nov.  n,  1815,  soon  after  he  had 
commenced  residence : — 

'The  number  of  members  is  fifty-three2,  but  not  more  than  half 
of  them  are  now  resident.  Of  the  twenty  scholars,  there  are  only  six 

1  Life  of  Archdeacon  Phelps,  2  vols.,  Hatchards,  1871. 

3  That  is  to  say,  of  persons  who  either  were  or  might  be  presumed  to  be  in 
residence.  The  number  is  made  up  as  follows :  President,  i  ;  Fellows,  20 ; 
Scholars,  20 ;  Chaplains,  2  ;  Exhibitioners  (as  the  former  Clerks  and  Choristers 
were  now  called),  4 ;  Gentlemen  Commoners,  6. 


W.   W.  P HELPS'1  ACCOUNT  OF  CORPUS.  309 

of  us  undergraduates ;  the  others  are  either  B.A.  or  M.A.,  and  we 
have  nothing  to  do  with  them ;  they  do  not  attend  lectures  nor  dine 
at  the  same  table  with  us.  But  three  of  the  exhibitioners  are 
undergraduates  and  associate  with  us,  so  that  we  are  but  nine 
altogether.  There  are  two  tutors  for  our  instruction ;  we  take  turns 
daily  to  read  the  lessons  in  chapel,  dine  at  a  table  by  ourselves,  and 
have  a  Common-room  to  ourselves.  We  (namely  the  nine),  together 
with  the  gentlemen  commoners,  are  divided  into  two  classes  in  our 
studies,  so  that  each  tutor  is  employed  at  the  same  time.  And  here 
I  should  mention  that  this  is  all  we  have  to  do  with  the  gentlemen 
commoners.  Those  who  choose  may  absent  themselves  from  chapel 
four  times  a  week,  and  during  their  absence  the  junior  reads  for 
them. 

'  We  dine  at  quarter-to-five.  There  are  four  tables :  namely,  the 
first  for  the  fellows  and  M.A.  scholars;  the  second  for  the  six 
gentlemen  commoners ;  the  third  for  the  bachelor  scholars ;  the 
fourth  for  the  undergraduate  scholars  and  exhibitioners.  The  three 
first  tables  have  joints ;  but  we  have  what  are  called  commons ;  that 
is,  allowances  cut  in  slices.  We  have  generally  the  choice  of  two 
plain  dishes,  roast  and  boiled  beef,  mutton,  veal,  and  pork.  When  I 
go  into  the  hall,  I  inquire  what  there  is  for  dinner,  and  desire  them 
to  send  in  half  a  commons  of  what  I  choose,  with  potatoes  or  pickles. 
Then  I  have  the  other  half  commons  hot  afterwards.  Then  I  have 
pastry  occasionally,  and  cheese  and  celery,  as  I  seem  inclined,  and 
a  pint  of  beer,  all  excellent  of  their  sorts. 

'After  dinner,  as  we  feel  disposed,  we  meet  in  our  Common-room, 
and  the  quantity  of  wine  usually  drank  before  chapel  is  three  bottles 
between  eight  or  nine,  at  $s.  per  bottle.  There  are  three  Common- 
rooms,  for  fellows,  bachelors  and  commoners,  and  undergraduates. 
Each  has  its  own  cellar  and  a  large  stock  of  good  wines.  I  never 
touch  a  drop  but  between  dinner  and  chapel,  which  will  be  my 
invariable  rule,  except  when  our  room  gives  a  party  to  the  fellows 
and  bachelors,  which  will  be  two,  if  not  three,  times  in  the  year. 
During  the  short  time  we  are  together,  the  greatest  good  humour 
and  propriety  reigns,  and  the  steward  of  the  room  gives  a  fine  for 
any  ungentlemanly  conduct,  such  as  improper  language  and  disputes. 
Indeed  the  Corpus  men  pride  themselves  on  their  behaving  as 
gentlemen.  This  college  is  very  social ;  they  have  not  much  inter- 
course with  other  colleges.  The  generality  of  men  read  very  much, 
even  the  rakes  devote  great  part  of  the  day  to  study. 


310       HABITS  OF  STUDENTS  IN  P HELPS'1  TIME. 

'  Our  good  old  President  attends  chapel  every  evening,  and  as  all 
orders  of  men  in  our  society  are  desirous  of  pleasing  him  the  evening 
congregation  is  always  large.  There  are  no  parties  or  divisions  here 
as  at  other  colleges;  each  desires  to  oblige  his  neighbour.  The 
fellows  are  not  supercilious,  the  scholars  are  respectful.  There  is 
only  one  establishment  that  rivals  ours  in  literature,  which  is  our 
neighbour  Oriel. 

'  I  rise  at  about  seven.  When  I  am  more  settled  I  hope  to  rise 
much  earlier.  I  just  look  over  my  lectures,  or  lessons,  till  eight, 
when  I  go  to  chapel,  immediately  after  which  I  breakfast.  We  have 
two  rolls  and  sufficient  butter  with  a  little  cup  of  milk,  tea-things  and 
kettle  put  out  for  us  in  our  rooms  during  chapel  service,  and  the 
same  in  the  evening.  The  allowance  being  always  more  than  I  can 
eat,  I  put  by  half  a  roll,  which  I  am  glad  of  at  one  o'clock. 

'At  ten  we  have  a  lecture  in  the  Hall  all  together,  sometimes 
Greek,  sometimes  Latin.  At  eleven  we  divide  :  I  and  my  class  go 
to  Mr.  Bridges,  the  other  goes  to  Mr.  Ellison,  for  Greek  lecture. 
At  one  o'clock  whilst  the  other  is  with  Mr.  Bridges,  ours  is  with  Mr. 
Ellison — mathematics  and  logic  alternately.  Each  lecture  lasts  an 
hour;  so  that  the  three  hours  pressing  close  on  each  other,  with 
such  difficult  books,  make  up  what  Mr.  Richards  senior  would  call 
"  tightish  work."  I  am  occupied  four  hours  a  day  in  preparing  the 
lectures,  so  that  there  are  seven  hours  of  regular  good  employment ; 
and  we  can  allow  six  hours  to  meals,  chapel,  and  exercise;  and 
about  three  will  remain  for  private  reading.  But  abilities  were  given 
us  to  improve  upon,  though  I  know  they  are  to  conform  to  rule. 
This  is  the  discipline  that  makes  Corpus  stand  so  high.  When  I 
and  Filleul  walk  together,  we  step  out  briskly  from  two  till  four. 
I  drink  tea  at  quarter-before-eight,  never  eat  suppers,  and  am  in  bed 
generally  by  eleven — though  I  am  now  beyond  my  time,  and  so 
"  good-night." 

'  Sunday  morning.  Thursday  is  always  a  holiday,  and  so  is  every 
Saint's  day ;  and  we  have  no  lectures.  My  parties  are  at  breakfast 
and  tea.  On  which  occasions,  if  my  guest  is  of  Corpus,  he  brings  to 
my  rooms  his  own  bread,  butter,  and  milk ;  and  if  I  wish  to  shew 
him  particular  respect,  I  get  a  plate  of  cold  meat,  eggs,  tea  and 
coffee.' 

I  subjoin  a  few  other  extracts  from  these  letters,  as  illustra- 
tive either  of  personal  traits  or  of  the  character  or  usages  of 
the  College  at  that  time  : — 


EXCELLENCE  OF  THE  TUITION.  311 

Nov.  20,  1815.  'I  have  been  invited  once  to  the  Bachelors' 
Common-Room,  where  I  found  all  wore  black  pantaloons  and 
stockings  and  white  waistcoats.' 

May  9, 1 8 1 6.  '  We  are  going  on  very  smoothly  and  comfortably  here. 
I  am  very  much  so,  certainly,  and  have  had  not  the  least  reason  to 
repent  of  having  taken  my  name  from  the  Common-Room  books ; 
for  I  am  now  master  of  my  own  time  and  am  not  so  likely  to  be 
interrupted.  I  am  on  quite  as  good  terms  with  my  fellow  scholars 
as  I  was  before.  With  respect  to  the  heads  of  the  college  I  am  on 
as  good  terms  with  them  as  any  one  is,  and  that  of  course  is  the 
chief  point' 

'  Our  old  President  looks  as  well  as  ever I  like  my  new 

Tutor  (Cornish)  very  well  indeed,  he  is  very  able  to  fill  his  situation, 
and  I  really  think  he  is  as  good  a  tutor  as  his  predecessor  (Ellison). 
His  rooms  are  just  beneath  my  own.  I  am  glad  he  means  to 
continue  in  them ;  for,  if  you  recollect,  I  told  you  at  Easter  that 
I  was  apprehensive  of  his  intending  to  take  Ellison's,  in  which  case  I 
should  have  had  a  more  noisy  and  troublesome  neighbour.  Cornish 
told  me  yesterday  that  as  we  were  so  near  each  other,  he  would  be 
happy  to  give  me  any  information  and  render  me  any  assistance  in 
his  power,  if  I  would  at  any  time  apply  to  him.' 

'  My  lectures,  I  assure  you,  occupy  so  great  a  share  of  my  time  that 
my  English  muse  is  but  very  poorly,  and  the  Latin  does  nothing 
at  all.' 

Nov.  14,  1816.     To  Mr.  R.  T.  P.  Pope,  T.C.D. 

'  You  desire  to  know  something  of  my  college.  Thank  God,  I  am 
very  comfortably  settled  and  would  not  exchange  my  college  for  any 
in  the  University;  though  perhaps  some  of  our  men  are  rather  too 
gay  for  me.  Yet  I  have  nothing  to  do  with  them.  Our  tutors  are 
most  excellent,  one  of  them  most  exquisite ;  it  is  the  highest  treat  to 
hear  him  construe  the  Tragedians  and  quote  parallel  passages  from 
Shakespeare,  Milton,  and  the  whole  circle  of  British  poets  from 
memory.  He  is  indeed  a  most  elegant  scholar,  and  no  less  sound. 
We  are  worked  pretty  hard,  our  lectures  being  rather  numerous. 
But  so  much  the  better.  Business  is  a  pleasure  under  tutors  who 
excite  so  much  interest  towards  it.  Since  my  entrance  I  have  read 
(Edipus  Tyrannus,  Electra,  Ajax,  Aristotle's  Ethics,  four  books  of 
Herodotus,  most  of  the  speeches  in  Thucydides,  Virgil's  Georgics. 
I  am  now  reading  Tacitus,  and  am  about  to  read  /Eschylus.' 

The  Tutor  to  whom  Mr.  Phelps  here  refers  was,  according 


312  GEORGE  JAMES  CORNISH  AND  THOMAS  KEBLE. 

to  Sir  John  Coleridge,  undoubtedly  Cornish  (George  James 
Cornish,  a  Devonshire  Scholar,  elected  1810,  whose  name 
often  occurs  in  Stanley's  Life  of  Arnold). 

The  remaining  extracts  are  from  letters  to  his  Father : — 

Oct.  17,  1818.  'I  have  now  been  a  week  here Everything 

about  me  seems  to  find  its  level  once  more,  and  it  is  with  pleasure 
I  add  that  everything  is  equally  satisfactory  and  promising. 

'  I  called  on  our  Rev.  old  President  the  day  after  my  arrival,  who 
welcomed  me  in  his  usual  hearty  way.  I  think  I  never  saw  him 
looking  better.  Since  then  we  have  all  of  us  been  favoured  with  a 
view  of  his  elegant  vase  with  which  the  King  of  Prussia  presented  him.' 

March  8,  1819.  '  My  tutors  are  unceasingly  kind  and  attentive. 
Last  Wednesday  I  dined  with  a  company  of  Cornish's  friends,  with 
whom  he  wished  me  to  become  acquainted,  as  it  might  be  of  use  to 
me  hereafter.  They  were  chiefly  the  younger  tutors  of  colleges,  and 
among  them  I  recognised  some  of  the  brightest  ornaments  of  the 
university.  To  be  in  their  company  for  an  afternoon  was,  I  assure 
you,  a  treat  indeed ;  but  they  are  so  much  my  superiors  "  in  wit  and 
words  and  worth,  action  and  utterance,"  &c.,  that  I  can  hardly  hope 
to  be  ever  admitted  to  that  intimacy  which  Cornish  kindly  intends. 
Next  Wednesday  I  am  to  dine  with  Tucker,  and  do  not  know  whom 
I  am  to  meet.' 

April  7,  1819.  'What  delightful  days  we  have!  My  kind  friend 
Tucker  stays  up  till  the  middle  of  next  week.  I  have  walked  with 
him  several  times  since  the  vacation  began,  on  which  occasions  he 
has  taken  me  the  most  delightful  walks  and  examined  me  in  my 
logic  as  we  went.' 

Oct.  28,  1819.  'Whilst  speaking  of  the  friends  I  meet  with  here, 
I  must  not  pass  over  Thomas  Keble  our  new  tutor.  So  frank,  so 
friendly,  and  on  every  occasion  so  kind,  that  I  could  almost  fancy 
Cornish  were  here  again :  while  his  judgment  and  abilities  render 
him  fully  competent  to  the  situation  he  has  undertaken.  How  little 
four  years  ago  did  I  think  of  aspiring  to  friendly  familiarity  with  him, 
Cornish,  or  Tucker,  whom  I  was  in  the  habit  of  looking  up  to  with 
so  much  respect ! 

'  You  are  perfectly  right  in  your  anticipations  with  regard  to  the 
common-room  (the  Bachelors'  Common-Room,  to  which  he  was  now 
eligible).  I  have  been  suffered  to  pursue  my  own  way  without 
unpleasantness  or  interruption  of  any  kind  worth  mentioning.  My 


MUTUAL  TOLERANCE  AMONGST  STUDENTS.     313 

companion  Mr. sent  the  common-room  man  to  me  with  the 

books,  to  know  if  I  meant  to  insert  my  name,  which  I  declined,  and 
have  since  heard  nothing  on  the  subject.  He  and  I  sit  down  to  a 
comfortable  dinner  every  day,  tete-a-tete,  and,  whereas  the  other 
three  tables  in  the  hall  are  filled  with  guests,  he  and  I  sit  at  one  end 
of  a  long  table  by  ourselves,  to  the  occasional  merriment  of  some 
few,  who  are  pleased  to  remark  that  we  are  rather  unequally  yoked. 
However  I  assure  you  we  make  it  out  very  comfortably  together, 
and  find  something  to  converse  about  pleasantly  enough.  We  shall 
doubtless  to-day  have  something  to  say  of  Prince  Leopold.' 


CHAPTER    XI. 

RECENT  HISTORY  OF  THE  COLLEGE. 

DR.  COOKE'S  was  the  longest  uninterrupted  Presidency  in 
the  history  of  the  College  (Dr.  Newlyn's  having  been  suspended 
for  twelve  years),  and  his  name  seems  to  have  become  indis- 
solubly  associated,  both  inside  and  outside  the  University, 
with  that  of  his  Society.  His  successor  was  the  Rev.  Thomas 
Edward  Bridges,  a  Kentish  Scholar,  born  at  St.  Nicholas  at 
Wade  in  the  Isle  of  Thanet,  on  October  16  or  iB1,  1782. 
Having  originally  entered  at  University,  he  was  admitted 
Scholar  of  Corpus,  Oct.  30,  1798,  and  Probationary  Fellow, 
Jan.  31,  1806.  For  some  years,  as  we  have  seen,  he  acted  as 
Tutor  of  the  College,  and  it  is  plain,  from  the  accounts  both 
of  Sir  John  Coleridge  and  of  Archdeacon  Phelps,  that  he  was 
highly  esteemed  by  his  pupils.  Like  his  predecessor,  however, 
it  does  not  seem  that  he  was  distinguished  for  his  learning, 
nor  does  he  seem  to  have  engaged  much  in  the  business  of 
the  University  or  County.  But  he  won  the  hearts  of  men  by 
his  kindness  and  amiability.  The  following  is  the  obituary 
notice  of  him  in  the  Gentleman's  Magazine:  'Sept.  3,  1843. 
At  Ilfracombe,  Devonshire,  aged  62  (a  mistake  by  more  than 
a  year),  the  Rev.  Thomas  Edward  Bridges,  D.D.,  President 
of  C.  C.  C,  Oxford.  He  took  the  Degree  of  M.A.  in  1806, 
and  was  elected  President  in  February,  1823  (unanimously, 
according  to  the  account  given  in  the  List  of  Promotions  for 
1823).  Dr.  Bridges  was  greatly  esteemed  for  his  amiable 
disposition  and  suavity  of  manners ;  as  he  was  of  rather  re- 
tired habits,  he  held  no  other  office  in  the  University,  and 

1  In  the  two  admissions,  the  dates,  as  is  not  uncommonly  the  case,  vary. 


PRESIDENCY  OF  THOMAS  EDWARD  BRIDGES.     315 

declined  being  nominated  Vice-Chancellor  on  the  last  vacancy, 
though  he  was  next  in  rotation  for  that  dignity.  His  wife 
died  on  the  7th  of  December,  1831.'  Dr.  Bridges  was  buried 
in  the  College  Chapel,  where  there  is  a  monument  to  his 
memory,  happily  describing  him  as  '  vir  singulari  simplicitate 
et  benevolentia.' 

I  shall  now  proceed  to  extract  the  more  notable  Annals  of 
the  College,  during  Dr.  Bridges'  Presidency,  omitting,  of 
course,  any  entries  of  offences,  though,  indeed,  such  entries 
at  this  time  are  becoming  rare. 

Feb.  13,  1823.  Thomas  Edward  Bridges,  B.D.,  Fellow,  elected 
President. 

Feb.  21,  1823.  The  new  President,  having,  on  the  previous  day, 
been  admitted  by  the  Visitor,  was  received  in  the  Chapel,  and 
placed  in  his  seat  by  Dr.  Williams,  Senior  Fellow  and  Vice-President, 
in  the  presence  of  all  the  Fellows  then  in  Town  and  the  Rev.  J. 
Gutch,  Notary  Public. 

N.B.  The  Statutable  Ceremonies  (?  Customary  Ceremonies,  for 
which  see  the  account  of  Dr.  Norris'  installation  in  1843)  only  were 
observed. 

June  26,  1824.  Ten  guineas  subscribed  out  of  the  Interest 
Money  towards  erecting  certain  Churches  in  Lower  Canada,  and 
Five  Guineas  towards  the  establishment  of  a  Theological  Seminary 
in  the  Diocese  of  Ohio,  U.S.A. 

Oct.  10,  1825.  At  a  full  meeting  of  the  President  and  Fellows,  it 
was  resolved  to  discontinue  the  office  of  Steward  (which  had  lately 
become  vacant  by  the  death  of  Sir  W.  E.  Taunton,  late  Steward), 
and  that  in  future  Mr.  Bartrarn  be  employed  to  transact  all  the 
business  hitherto  transacted  by  the  Steward.  (See  also  entry  under 
Nov.  6,  1832,  appointing  Mr.  Henry  Walsh  on  Bartram's  death. 
The  Steward  was,  evidently,  the  old  '  Clericus  Computi,'  who  thus 
finally  disappeared,  his  functions  being  divided  amongst  the  College 
Solicitor,  the  Bailiff,  and,  at  a  later  time,  the  Auditor.  > 

May  n,  1826.  ^50  subscribed  to  the  distressed  manufacturers 
in  the  North  of  England. 

Sept.  n,  1828.     ^50  subscribed  to  King's  College,  London. 

March  6,  1829.  Grace  was  granted  to  Mr.  H.  White  and  Mr.  J. 
Norris,  Fellows  of  the  House,  to  proceed  to  the  Degree  of  B.D., 
without  observing  the  usual  form  of  preaching  during  .  Lent  at 


316  COLLEGE  ANNALS  AND  ADMISSIONS 

St.  Peter's  in  the  East.  (This  dispensation  was  granted  in  con- 
sequence of  an  alteration  in  the  University  Statutes,  by  which  the 
Lent  Sermons,  formerly  preached  at  St.  Peter's,  were  enjoined 
to  be  preached  at  St.  Mary's,  the  Vice-Chancellor  appointing  the 
Preachers. ) 

Dec.  19,  1829.  Mr.  Kellow,  Stone  Mason  at  Winchester,  com- 
missioned to  repair  the  Founder's  tomb  for  ^150;  Mr.  Kellow  having 
found  means  to  procure  some  of  the  same  stone  as  that  of  which 
the  original  was  made. 

June  3,  1830.  Scheme  (Copy  annexed)  for  the  application  of 
three-fourths  of  the  Pate  Trust  to  the  purposes  of  the  School  and 
Alms-houses  at  Cheltenham,  as  submitted  to  the  Court  of  Chancery 
in  pursuance  of  an  Order  made  on  March  13,  1830. 

Feb.  12,  1831.  ^£30  subscribed  to  the  foundation  of  University 
Mathematical  Scholarships. 

May  3  and  various  subsequent  entries,  1831.     Correspondence 

with   Mr.  ,  who,  on   election   to  a   Probationary   Fellowship, 

declined  to  take  the  oath,  as  not  being  in  '  external  communion '  with 
the  Church  of  England.  The  President  and  Fellows  were  of  opinion 
that,  by  the  terms  of  his  letter,  he  had  also  forfeited  the  right  to  his 
Scholarship.  There  was  an  appeal  to  the  Visitor,  and  a  decision 
(May  17)  in  favour  of  the  College. 

June  28,  1832.  The  Undergraduates  convened  in  Hall  for  the 
purpose  of  hearing  an  admonition  to  one  of  the  Exhibitioners  for 
having  surreptitiously  entered  the  College  after  9  p.m.  A  severer 
punishment,  previously  threatened,  had  been  remitted  on  his  con- 
fession. 

Feb.  15,  1833.  ^"50  subscribed  to  the  distressed  Clergy  in 
Ireland. 

January  17,  1834.  Death  of  Dr.  Williams,  long  Vice-President  of 
the  Society.  The  entry  expresses  deep  regret,  respect  and  affection. 
Subsequent  entry  on  Feb.  7,  authorising  the  erection  of  a  Tablet  in 
the  Cloisters  at  the  expence  of  the  College,  the  inscription  to  be 
composed  by  Vaughan  Thomas,  Dr.  Williams'  brother-in-law. 

Ap.  22,  1834.  ^20  subscribed  for  the  general  improvement  of 
the  Oxford  Botanic  Garden. 

Between  Ap.  15,  1837,  and  Ap.  22,  1842,  there  were  three  cases 
of  Scholarships  being  thrown  open  to  all  the  favoured  Counties  and 
Dioceses,  in  failure  of  a  duly  qualified  Candidate  from  the  County 
in  which  a  vacancy  occurred.  In  one  case,  an  appeal  was  made 


DURING  DR.  BRIDGES'  PRESIDENCY.  317 

to  the  Visitor  by  the  Father  of  one  of  the  rejected  candidates,  but 
dismissed. 

Sept.  3,  1843.  The  President,  the  Rev.  T.  E.  Bridges,  D.D., 
died  at  Ilfracombe. 

I  am  now  approaching  so  near  to  our  own  times,  that  it 
would  be  invidious  to  make  selections  from  the  lists  on  literary 
grounds,  and  a  careful  perusal  of  the  lists  themselves  will 
easily  suggest  to  my  readers  those  members  of  the  College 
who  have  been  distinguished  for  their  literary  productions. 
I  shall,  therefore,  here  confine  myself  to  a  bare  enumeration 
of  those  foundation  or  non-foundation  members  of  the 
College  who  have  filled  any  distinguished  official  position, 
academical,  ecclesiastical,  civil,  or  scholastic. 

Amongst   the    Scholars,    during   Dr.  Bridges'   Presidency, 
those  to  be  thus  noted  are :  Clement  Greswell,  admitted  June 
8,  1823,  Fellow  of  Oriel,  1830-40;   Charles  Abel  Heurtley, 
admitted  Nov.  28,  1823,  Bampton  Lecturer,  Margaret  Pro- 
fessor of  Divinity  and  Canon  of  Ch.  Ch. ;  John  Allen  Giles, 
admitted  Nov.  26,  1824,  Head  Master  of  the  City  of  London 
School,  1836-40 ;  John  William  Richards,  admitted  Dec.  2, 
1825,  High  Master  of  Manchester  Grammar  School,  1837-42; 
Steuart    Adolphus    Pears,    admitted   June    15,    1832,    Head 
Master  of  Repton  School,  1854-73 ;  John  Matthias  Wilson, 
admitted  same  day,  afterwards  Whyte's  Professor  of  Moral 
Philosophy  and  President  of  the  College ;  Thomas  Englesby 
Rogers,   admitted    May   30,    1834,    Recorder   of  Wells   and 
Chancellor  of  the  Diocese  of  Bath  and  Wells;  George  Gresley 
Perry,  admitted  March  3,  1837,  Fellow  of  Lincoln,  and  Pre- 
bendary of  Lincoln  Cathedral ;  James  Spencer  Northcote,  ad- 
mitted April  15,  1837,  President  of  Oscott  (Roman  Catholic) 
College;   John  Hannah,  admitted   May  5,   1837,  Fellow  of 
Lincoln,  Warden  of  Trinity  College,  Glenalmond,  and  Arch- 
deacon of  Lewes;    George  Buckle,  admitted   Feb.  8,  1839, 
Fellow  of  Oriel  and  Prebendary  of  Wells.     To  these  may  be 
added  three  well-known  Tutors  of  the  College,  namely,  George 
Carless  Swayne,  admitted  June  26,  1835,  George  Hext,  ad- 
mitted Sept.  23,  1836,  and  George  Frederic  de  Teissier,  ad- 
mitted Aug.  10,  1838. 


31 8  PRESIDENCY  OF  JAMES  NORRIS. 

Of  the  Exhibitioners,  restraining  myself  within  the  same 
limits,  I  may  name  John  Douglass  Giles,  admitted  Nov.  28, 
1828,  Archdeacon  of  Stow;  Philip  Antoine  de  Teissier,  third 
Baron  de  Teissier,  admitted  Nov.  9,  1837,  founder  of  an  ex- 
hibition in  the  College  ;  and  Robert  Kestell  Cornish,  admitted 
January  28,  1843,  Bishop  of  Madagascar.  Of  the  Gentlemen- 
Commoners,  may  be  added  Edward  Simpson,  admitted  May 
10,  1824,  who,  as  Edward  Hicks,  sat  as  M.P.  for  Cambridge, 
1879-85;  Hon.  John  Arbuthnott,  admitted  June  28,  1824, 
ninth  Viscount  Arbuthnott;  Henry  William  Dashwood  (after- 
wards Sir  H.  W.,  Bart.),  admitted  Oct.  22,  1834,  Lord  Lieu- 
tenant of  Oxfordshire ;  and  Robert  Gregory,  admitted  April 
2,  1840,  Dean  of  St.  Paul's. 


Dr.  Bridges'  successor  was  elected  Sept.  16,  1843.  It  used 
to  be  a  tradition  in  the  College  that  the  Presidency  was  first 
offered  to  Edward  Greswell,  but  that  he  refused  both  this 
office  and  the  Professorship  of  Divinity  at  Durham  on  the 
ground  that  he  wished  to  be  free  to  devote  the  whole  of  his  life 
to  the  literary  and  theological  works  on  which  he  was  en- 
gaged. But,  however  this  may  be,  the  actual  choice  fell  on 
James  Norris,  one  of  the  Senior  Fellows,  a  Hampshire  Scholar, 
born  at  Warblington  on  Dec.  19,  1796.  Mr.  Norris  had  been 
elected  Scholar,  on  the  same  day  as  Archdeacon  Phelps,  Oct. 
20,  1815,  and  they  were  both  also  admitted  together  to  their 
Probationary  Fellowships,  Oct.  10,  1822.  The  new  President 
seems  never  to  have  taken  any  part  in  the  educational  work 
of  the  College,  but  he  had  successfully  executed  the  office  of 
Bursar,  and,  both  before  and  after  his  election  to  the  Presi- 
dency, he  enjoyed  a  considerable  reputation  for  his  business 
capacity.  As  a  Delegate  of  Estates,  he  had  an  opportunity 
of  bringing  the  knowledge  and  experience  which  he  had  ac- 
quired in  the  management  of  the  College  property  into  the 
service  of  the  University,  but  he  declined  the  office  of  Vice- 
Chancellor,  when  it  came  to  his  turn.  During  his  long  Pre- 
sidency (1843-72),  the  University,  including  his  own  College, 
passed  through  fundamental  changes  little  short  of  revolu- 


THE  MAC  MULLEN  CASE.  319 

tionary,  with  which  it  was  notorious  that  Dr.  Norris  had 
scant  sympathy.  When  once  imposed,  however,  whether 
from  within  or  without,  he  loyally  accepted  them,  with  the 
true  constitutional  instinct  of  the  Englishman,  and  endeav- 
oured, to  the  best  of  his  power,  to  base  his  administration 
on  the  new  order  of  things.  The  result  was  that,  with  a 
tolerably  harmonious  governing  body,  a  motive  force  of 
extraordinary  power  applied  by  Professor  J.  M.  Wilson,  then 
and  long  afterwards  the  leading  Fellow,  and  the  almost  un- 
fettered disposal  of  large  revenues,  the  College  suddenly 
sprang  into  a  position  of  usefulness  and  importance  which 
excited  the  astonishment  of  the  University.  But  I  am  here 
anticipating  the  march  of  events  by  several  years,  and  it  is 
better  that  I  should,  as  before,  recite  the  Annals  of  the 
College,  in  their  chronological  sequence. 

Sept.  21,  1843.  Mr.  James  Norris,  the  new  President,  was 
received  in  the  College  Chapel  by  the  Vice-President  and  Resident 
Fellows,  and,  after  being  presented  with  the  insignia  of  his  office, 
namely,  the  Fasciculus  Clavium,  the  golden  ring  (i.  e.  the  Founder's 
sapphire  ring),  and  the  Book  of  Statutes  '  in  usum  Praesidentis,'  was 
ushered  to  his  seat  and  took  the  President's  oath. 

Dec.  31,  1846.  Macmullen's  resignation  of  his  Fellowship,  fol- 
lowed, the  next  day,  by  his  profession  of  the  Roman  Catholic  faith. 
(Richard  Gell  Macmullen,  who  had  been  admitted  Scholar,  May  30, 
1828,  while  still  under  fourteen  years  of  age,  had  recently  acquired 
considerable  notoriety  in  the  University,  and  indeed  throughout  the 
country,  owing  to  a  lawsuit  with  Dr.  Hampden,  the  Regius  Professor 
of  Divinity.  It  was  necessary,  at  that  time,  for  all  Fellows  of  Corpus, 
except  the  Medicinae  Deputatus,  to  proceed  to  the  Degree  of  B.D., 
and,  when  Macmullen's  turn  came,  the  Professor  refused  to  pass  his 
exercises  on  the  ground  that  they  contained  distinctively  Romish 
doctrine,  thereby  virtually  depriving  him  of  his  Fellowship.  The 
subjects  of  the  exercises  had  been  selected  by  the  Professor  himself, 
for  the  purpose,  as  it  was  held  by  Macmullen's  friends,  of  forcing 
him  into  a  confession  of  his  views.  There  ensued  an  action  in  the 
Vice-Chancellor's  Court,  Macmullen  v.  Hampden,  on  the  ground 
that  the  Plaintiff  had  sustained  pecuniary  loss.  The  decision  was  in 
favour  of  Macmullen,  but  was  reversed  by  the  Delegates  of  Appeals  in 


320       ROYAL   COMMISSION  OF  ENQUIRY  ISSUED. 

Congregation1.  The  case  does  not  seem  to  have  been  carried  further 
in  the  University  or  any  other  Courts,  but  the  difference  appears  to 
have  been  ultimately  compromised  by  the  Professor  consenting  to  set 
exercises  on  less  controverted  questions.  Any  way,  Macmullen  took 
his  B.D.  Degree  in  1845,  and  subsequently  acted  as  one  of  the  clergy 
at  St.  Saviour's,  Leeds,  described  by  Dr.  Hook  as  '  a  hornet's  nest 
which  he  had  found  close  to  his  garden  gate.'  He  appears  to  have 
been  actually  '  received '  into  the  Church  of  Rome  on  January  9, 
1847. — In  this  account,  I  have  chiefly  followed  Miss  Hampden's 
Life  of  her  Father,  pp.  116-7,  the  Christian  Remembrancer,  vol.  ix. 
pp.  169-182,  and  G.  V.  Cox's  Recollections  of  Oxford,  pp.  333-6. 
A  story  which  I  have  heard  in  Oxford  about  a  'Mandamus'  addressed 
to  the  University  or  the  Regius  Professor  from  the  Court  of  Queen's 
Bench,  commanding  Macmullen  to  be  admitted  to  his  Degree, 
seems,  like  many  '  traditions '  of  this  kind,  to  have  no  foundation. — 
In  the  President's  bureau  at  Corpus,  there  is  a  bundle  of  papers  re- 
lating to  Macmullen,  amongst  which  are  bitter  complaints,  addressed 
by  Dr.  Hook  to  Dr.  Norris,  about  the  conduct  of  Macmullen  and  his 
Oxford  patrons  in  connexion  with  St.  Saviour's,  Leeds.  Dr.  Hook 
regrets  his  former  hostility  to  the  action  of  the  Heads  of  Houses.) 

Feb.  20,  1851.  Agreed  by  the  President  and  Seven  Senior 
Fellows  in  College,  'that  full  information  should  be  given  to  the 
Royal  Commissioners  as  to  the  Corporate  Revenues  of  the  Society 
and  the  application  of  them ;  also  that  they,  or  some  person  appointed 
by  them,  should  be  permitted  to  peruse  and  copy  the  Statutes  of  the 
College  and  the  Injunctions  of  Visitors.'  (Appended  is  a  detailed 
account  of  the  previous  proceedings  of  the  College  in  this  matter. 
The  Royal  Commission  of  enquiry  had  been  issued  in  August,  1850. 
On  the  1 9th  of  December,  1850,  a  special  meeting  had  been  held  to 
consider  the  communications  of  the  Commissioners.  After  consider- 
able discussion,  and  an  objection  on  the  part  of  the  President, 
supported  by  a  letter  from  Mr.  Greswell,  that  to  give  such  informa- 
tion as  required  to  the  Visitors  or  to  furnish  them  with  a  Copy  of 
the  Statutes  and  Injunctions  would  be  to  surrender  the  independence 
of  the  College  and  a  violation  of  the  oath  taken  by  the  President  and 
Fellows,  it  was  finally  agreed  that  the  advice  of  the  Visitor  should 
be  asked,  and  two  of  the  Fellows,  Mr.  Tucker,  Vice-President,  and 
Mr.  J.  M.  Wilson,  undertook  to  seek  an  interview  with  the  Bishop 

1  The  arguments  at  this  stage  are  given  at  length,  together  with  the  Judgment,  in 
Notes  of  Cases  in  the  Ecclesiastical  and  Maritime  Courts,  vol.  3,  Supplement,  p.  i- 


COMMONERS  ADMITTED.  321 

of  Winchester.  The  Visitor  requested  a  formal  written  statement, 
expressing  in  direct  terms  the  doubts  which  it  was  wished  he 
should  resolve.  To  this  statement,  he  replied  categorically  that  he 
saw  no  statutable  objection  to  furnishing  the  information  asked  for 
by  the  Commissioners  under  any  of  the  heads.  The  President's 
objection  being  thus  over-ruled  by  the  Visitor,  the  Resolution  of 
Feb.  20  was  unanimously  passed.) 

At  the  same  meeting,  it  was  unanimously  resolved  that,  in  future^ 
no  Gentlemen  Commoners  should  be  admitted  (it  may  be  noticed 
parenthetically  that  the  last  of  the  Gentlemen-Commoners  was  the 
famous  soldier,  Major-General  Sir  Drury  Curzon  Lowe,  K.C.B.),  but 
that  the  College  would,  instead,  receive  Commoners,  not  limiting  the 
number  to  six,  but  admitting  as  many  as  it  should  be  found  could 
be  conveniently  lodged  within  the  College. 

For  about  ninety  years  before  this  time,  the  total  number 
of  Undergraduates  was  almost  stationary,  and  rarely  reached 
20.  Thus  in  November  1762,  there  were  7  Scholars,  2  Clerks, 
2  Choristers,  and  5  Gentlemen- Commoners,  a  total  of  16;  in 
November  1770,  n  Scholars,  2  Clerks,  2  Choristers,  and  3 
Gentlemen-Commoners,  a  total  of  18  ;  in  November  1792,  n 
Scholars,  4  Exhibitioners  (as  the  Clerks  and  Choristers  were 
now  called),  and  4  Gentlemen-Commoners,  a  total  of  19;  in 
November  1 809,  7  Scholars,  4  Exhibitioners,  and  5  Gentlemen- 
Commoners,  a  total  of  1 6 ;  in  November  1830,  n  Scholars, 

4  Exhibitioners,  and  8  Gentlemen-Commoners  (two,  it  may 
be  noted,  in  excess  of  the  Statutable  number,  a  licence  which, 
at  this  time,  had  come  to  be  commonly  assumed),  a  total 
of  23  ;  in  November  1 840,  1 1  Scholars,  3  Exhibitioners,  and 

5  Gentlemen-Commoners,  a  total  of  19 ;   and  in  November 
T^5°>  I3  Scholars,  4  Exhibitioners,  and  3  Gentlemen-Com- 
moners, a  total  of  20.     From  about  1670  to  1760,  the  average 
number  of  Undergraduates  had  generally  been  even  smaller 
than  this,  but  the  Injunction  of  Bp.  Hoadley  in  1754,  facili- 
tating the  non-residence  of  M.A.  Scholars  (see  p.  287),  had,  by 
opening  up  to  them  new  avenues  in  life,  probably  quickened 
the  succession  all  along  the  line. 

March  27,1851.  Charles  Young  admitted  First  Commoner.  < But 
see  p.  260.) 

Y 


322          SCHOLARS"  OR  JUNIOR  COMMON  ROOM. 

Nov.  19,  1851.  Unanimously  agreed  not  to  enforce  the  residence 
of  B.A.  Scholars,  it  being  better  for  the  interests  of  the  society  not 
to  do  so. 

April  27,  1852.  On  this  day  the  Junior  or  Scholars'  Common 
Room  was,  after  due  notice,  dissolved  by  an  order  of  the  President 
and  Fellows. 

This  measure  was,  no  doubt,  a  wise  one,  and  probably  was 
intimately  connected  with  the  recent  admission  of  Commoners, 
and  the  change  in  the  character  of  the  College  which  it  must 
have  been  foreseen  that  step  would  entail.  From  a  very  small 
society,  Corpus  was  now  likely  to  become  at  least  a  moderate- 
sized  one.  To  such  a  society  the  Governing  Body  of  the  College 
probably  thought  a  Junior  Common  Room  inappropriate ;  and, 
if  the  Scholars  and  Exhibitioners  only  were  included,  they  were 
likely  to  become  a  clique,  which  would  be  a  misfortune  both  to 
themselves  and  to  the  other  members  of  the  College. 

The  Junior  Common  Room  seems  to  have  first  come  into 
existence  on  Nov.  20,  1797,  when  James  Phillott  was  elected 
the  first  Steward.  But  the  real  founder  of  the  Club,  though 
he  was  never  Steward,  seems  to  have  been  George  Leigh 
Cooke,  nephew  of  the  President,  subsequently  Tutor  of  the 
College  and  Sedleian  Professor  of  Natural  Philosophy.  In 
numerous  copies  of  verses,  in  subsequent  years,  his  praises 
were  sung,  under  the  familiar  nick-name  of '  The  Codger,'  and 
sometimes  as  '  Founder  of  the  Room '  he  was  regarded  with 
more  favour  than  the  '  Founder  of  the  College.'  The  2oth  of 
November  was  always  observed,  with  due  conviviality,  as  the 
anniversary  of  the  foundation,  and  one  of  the  members,  who 
had  the  title  of  Poet  Laureate,  composed,  even  if  he  did  not 
also  sing,  a  copy  of  verses  for  the  occasion.  Many  of  these 
copies  of  verses  are  still  preserved,  and  amongst  them  is  one 
'  written  by  T.  Arnold,  Esq.,  and  sung  by  J.  Cornish,  Esq.'1  in 

1  That  is,  George  James  Cornish,  to  whom  so  many  of  the  letters  in  Stanley's 
Life  of  Arnold  are  addressed.  He  was  Arnold's  senior,  as  a  Scholar,  by  eight  or 
nine  months,  and  by  about  a  year  in  age.  It  should,  in  fairness,  be  remembered 
that  Arnold  was  less  than  1 7\,  when  he  wrote  these  verses. 

Writing,  exactly  seven  years  after  this  event,  in  1819,  to  his  friend,  the  Rev. 
John  Tucker,  long  a  Fellow  of  Corpus,  Arnold  says :  '  This  day  eight  years,  about 
this  time,  we  were  assembled  in  the  Junior  Common  Room,  to  celebrate  the  first 


ITS  DISSOLUTION.  323 

1813.  The  lines  are  respectable  for  a  boy,  but  they  certainly 
convey  the  idea  that  Arnold  did  well  to  direct  his  powers  to 
history  and  teaching  rather  than  to  poetry.  Perhaps  the  best 
lines  are  the  following,  occurring  in  a  commemoration  of  the 
presents  made  to  the  room  : — 

'  Of  Arnold  'tis  certain  he  gave  us  a  curtain, 

And  this  wish  to  the  giver  is  due : 
That  the  present  he  made  to  his  faults  be  a  shade, 
Whilst  the  light  of  his  Virtues  shines  through.' 

The  last  and  55th  Steward  of  the  Room  was  Francis  Otter, 
late  M.P.  for  the  Louth  division  of  Lincolnshire. 

When  the  Junior  Common  Room  was  dissolved,  and  its 
effects  dispersed,  the  five  volumes  of  records,  containing  the 
'  Statutes,'  list  of  Stewards  and  '  Benefactors,'  accounts  of  the 
annual  convivialities,  copies  of  the  verses  sung  on  these  occa- 
sions, &c.,  fell  to  the  lot  of  Mr.  Thomas  Godfrey  Faussett, 
then  one  of  the  Scholars.  Through  the  kindness  and  courtesy 
of  his  widow,  and  at  the  suggestion  of  Mr.  Robert  Faussett  of 
Ch.  Ch.,  these  volumes  are  now  safely  stored  in  the  College 
Library,  and  will  probably,  at  some  time,  be  highly  prized  by 
the  antiquary  who  is  studying  the  collegiate  life  of  the  first 
half  of  the  nineteenth  century l. 

foundation  of  the  room,  and  had  been  amused  by  hearing  Bartholomew's  song 
about  "  Musical  George  "  (?  Cornish)  and  "  Political  Tommy"  (?  Arnold  himself), 
and  now,  of  the  party  then  assembled,  you  are  the  only  one  still  left  in  Oxford,  and 
the  rest  of  us  are  scattered  over  the  face  of  the  earth  to  our  several  abodes.' 

1  Since  I  wrote  these  paragraphs,  an  interesting  paper  on  '  The  Junior  Common 
Room,'  by  Mr.  Arthur  Sidgwick,  has  appeared  in  The  Pelican  Record  for  March, 
1892.  He  draws  attention  to  the  facts  that  '  in  1811  dogs  were  apparently  kept  in 
College,  all  members  being  requested  to  turn  them  out  of  "the  room"  when  they 
appear';  that  in  1813  laxity  appears  to  have  been  creeping  in  with  respect  to 
dress,  '  the  old  custom  having  been  to  come  to  the  wines  in  full  dress — knee- 
breeches,  silk  stockings,  shoes,  buckles,  and  the  old  high  collar' ;  and  that,  in  the 
wine  accounts,  claret  is  first  mentioned  in  1824,  champagne  in  1828,  and  whiskey 
in  1829,  port,  sherry,  Madeira,  Bucellas,  Lisbon,  and  Vidonia  having  been  the 
original  beverages.  He  rightly  selects  the  poem  of  Charles  Blackstone,  sub- 
sequently Newdigate  Prizeman,  sung  in  1846,  as  the  best  in  the  book.  From  one 
of  the  stanzas  we  learn  the  position  of '  the  Room ' : — 

'  For  at  length  to  obviate  this  want  there  rose  an  "  artful  dodger," 
By  gods  above  called  George  Leigh  Cooke,  by  men  below  "  the  Codger  " : 
Who— long  for  this  we'll  venerate  his  name  in  C.  C.  C.,  Sir — 
Converted  the  ground  floor  upon  the  right  of  No.  3,  Sir, 

Into  our  Common  Room,' 
Y  2 


324  THE  NEW  STATUTES  OF 

It  is  a  curious  fact  that,  small  as  Corpus  was,  there  were 
actually  three  distinct  Common  Rooms  in  the  College :  one 
for  the  M.A.  Members  of  the  Foundation ;  one  for  the 
Bachelors  and  Gentlemen-Commoners;  and  the  third,  that 
of  which  I  have  been  speaking,  the  '  Junior  Common  Room/ 
for  the  Scholars  and  Exhibitioners. 

March  3,  1853.  Refused  to  nominate  a  certain  Fellow  to  a  living, 
on  ground  of  seniority,  '  the  single  reason  being  a  strong  conviction 
of  his  unfitness  for  the  care  of  any  Parish.' 

June  3,  1853.  Agreed  to  concur  in  the  terms  of  the  proposed 
statute  for  establishing  a  Latin  Professorship  in  the  University,  such 
concurrence  being  'in  recognition  of  the  claims  of  the  University 
upon  the  public  services  of  the  Latin  Lecturer  of  C.  C.  C,  and  being 
intended  to  effect  a  more  complete  fulfilment  of  the  spirit  of  the 
Founder's  Statutes.' 

Dec.  10,  1853.  Two  Hants  Scholarships,  the  performances  of 
the  Candidates  being  unsatisfactory,  were  thrown  open  to  all  the 
favoured  counties. 

Jan.  31,  1854.  Letter  in  reply  to  questions  issued  by  Lord 
Palmerston  (then  Home  Secretary)  on  College  and  University 
Reform,  and  the  best  mode  of  carrying  it  out.  Parliamentary 
Commission  suggested  by  Fellows^  extension  of  powers  of  Visitor  by 
President. 

May  i,  1855.  General  meeting  of  the  College  to  discuss  the  new 
Statutes  to  be  proposed  to  the  University  Commissioners.  (It  may 
here  be  mentioned  that  Colleges  were  allowed  to  draw  up  their  own 
Statutes,  subject  to  the  approval  of  the  Commissioners.  Three 
Colleges  only,  Exeter,  Lincoln  and  Corpus,  availed  themselves  of 
this  privilege.  The  remaining  Colleges  left  it  to  the  Commissioners 
to  draw  up  '  Ordinances '  for  them.)  One  Fellow  absented  himself 
on  the  ground  that  it  was  unlawful  to  make  any  alteration  in  the 
Founder's  Statutes. — A  large  majority  of  the  Fellows  was  in  favour 
of  abolishing  the  clerical  restriction  on  one-half  of  the  Fellowships 
and  on  the  Presidentship.  'The  President,  who  had  reluctantly 
consented  to  the  former  relaxation,  positively  refused  to  accede  to 
the  second;  and,  as  the  votes  of  the  Fellows  were  adverse  to  his 
view,  he  subsequently  addressed  the  Commissioners  by  way  of 
protest.'  Thereupon,  the  Commissioners  (a  Parliamentary  Execu- 
tive Commission  which  had  been  appointed  to  co-operate  with  the 


UNIVERSITY  PROFESSORSHIPS  FOUNDED.        325 

Colleges,  by  Act  of  Parliament  bearing  date  August  7,  1854) 
'expressed  their  desire  that  the  words  in  question  "Ordine  Sacerdotii 
constitutus  "  should  be  restored,  but  that  other  words  in  the  Statute 
"  de  electione  Prsesidentis,"  which  limit  the  eligibility  to  those  who 
are  or  have  been  Fellows,  should  be  struck  out. — The  President 
again  remonstrated  against  this  contradiction  of  the  Founder's  Will, 
but  the  Commissioners  declined  to  withdraw  their  recommendation, 
and  ultimately  it  was  adopted.' 

Various  other  meetings  were  held  to  consider  the  '  New  Statutes.' 
Ultimately,  on  October  9,  1855,  'the  revised  Statutes,  having  been 
engrossed  on  parchment,  were  sealed  with  the  College  Seal,  and 
transmitted  to  the  Commissioners,  who  signified  their  approval  by 
affixing  the  seal  of  the  Commission  on  the  same  day.'  See  also 
entry  under  Oct.  29  and  30,  1856. 

Oct.  26,  1855.  Repairs  of  buildings  of  Grantham  School  ordered, 
cost  not  to  exceed  ^240. 

Oct.  29  and  30,  1856.  College  Meetings  were  held  on  these  days 
for  the  purpose  of  making  certain  rules  and  regulations  with  regard 
to  the  New  Statutes,  which,  having  been  referred  by  order  of  the 
House  of  Commons  to  the  Privy  Council,  had  received  the  approval 
of  Her  Majesty  in  Council  on  the  24th  of  June  last. 

Oct.  30,  1856.  John  Conington,  formerly  Fellow  of  University, 
who  had  been  elected  Professor  of  Latin,  admitted  Fellow  of  C.  C.  C. 
'  honoris  causa.' 

Ap.  3,  1857.  First  open  election  to  a  Scholarship.  H.  Nettleship 
(subsequently  Professor  of  Latin)  elected. 

June  12,  1863.  Prizes  of  books,  in  recognition  of  University 
classes  and  other  distinctions,  first  instituted  as  a  College  regulation. 
(In  exceptional  cases  they  had  been  given  before,  as  to  Lord 
Tenterden,  June  30,  1786;  to  Bp.  Copleston,  July  8,  1793;  to 
T.  Arnold  and  T.  Penrose,  June  23,  1814.) 

June  1 6,  1865.  The  College  offers  to  endow  a  Professorship  of 
Jurisprudence.  See  entry  under  Feb.  26,  1870. 

June  29,  1866.  E.  L.  Hicks  of  B.  N.  C.  elected  to  the  first  Open 
Fellowship. 

Feb.  27,  1868.  Resolutions  passed  in  favour  of  abolishing  clerical 
restrictions  on  the  Headship  and  all  the  Fellowships,  and  of 
appointing  a  Committee  to  consider  the  duties,  emoluments,  &c.,  of 
the  Headship. 

Nov.  24,  1868.     Compulsory  attendance  at  Chapel  abolished. 


326      PRESIDENCY  OF  JOHN  MATTHIAS  WILSON. 

June  1 8,  1869.  The  Bursar  (Mr.  Calverley)  reported  the  purchase 
of  the  Lee  Grange  Estate  for  .£57,500.  It  appears  from  the  Minute 
Book  that  the  estimated  net  rental  of  this  estate  was  then  ^"2000. 
It  is  situate  in  Bucks,  and  is  now  known  as  the  Shipton  Lee  Estate. 

Feb.  26,  1870.  Mr.  (afterwards  Sir)  H.  J.  S.  Maine,  having  been 
elected  to  the  Corpus  Professorship  of  Jurisprudence,  recently 
founded  by  the  College,  was  admitted  Fellow,  '  honoris  causa.' 

March  i,  1870.  The  Rev.  Edwin  Palmer,  late  Fellow  of  Balliol, 
having  been  elected  to  the  Corpus  Professorship  of  Latin,  was 
admitted  Fellow,  '  honoris  causa.' 

March  19,  1870.  Several  applications  to  the  Visitor  to  sanction 
changes  in  the  Statutes  for  reducing  number  of  Clerical  Fellows, 
co-opting  eminent  men  as  Fellows,  &c. 

June  1 8,  1870.  Reply  of  the  Visitor  read  to  the  meeting,  express- 
ing his  consent  to  all  the  above  changes. 

Ap.  29,  1871.  Foundation  of  College  Exhibitions  for  the  en- 
couragement of  Commoners  already  matriculated.  Regulations 
appended. 

Same  day.  Professor  Ruskin  elected  Honorary  Fellow,  and 
allowed  to  occupy  rooms  in  the  College. 

Oct.  25,  1871.  Agreed  to  give  information  to  the  Royal  Com- 
mission of  Enquiry  into  the  Revenues  of  the  University  and  Colleges 
(Duke  of  Cleveland's  Commission). 

Dr.  Norris  died  April  16,  1872,  and  was  buried  in  the  College 
Cloisters,  where  a  tablet  is  erected  to  his  memory. 

As  we  are  now  close  upon  recent  times,  it  seems  to  me 
undesirable  to  attempt  to  make  any  selection  of  eminent  or 
remarkable  men  during  the  Presidentship  of  Dr.  Norris,  and, 
a  fortiori,  of  his  two  successors.  The  lists,  however,  are  given 
complete,  with  academical  and  other  distinctions  appended, 
but  without  any  observations  or  any  attempt  to  point  out 
literary  or  scientific  achievement. 


The  Rev.  John  Matthias  Wilson,  B.D.,  Whyte's  Professor 
of  Moral  Philosophy,  formerly  Fellow  of  the  College,  and,  at 
the  time  of  his  election,  Rector  of  the  College  Living  of 
Byfield,  Northamptonshire,  was  unanimously  elected  as  Dr. 
Norris'  successor,  May  8,  1872.  lie  was  a  Durham  Scholar, 


HIS  PROMINENCE  AS  A  REFORMER.  327 

a  native  of  South  Shields,  born  Sept.  24,  1813,  admitted 
Scholar  June  15,  1832,  and  Probationary  Fellow  April  28, 
1841.  Mr.  Wilson,  though  he  had  recently  retired  to  Byfield, 
had  for  many  years  been  the  most  influential  and  the  best- 
known  Fellow  of  the  College,  and  the  Headship  seemed  to 
devolve  upon  him  almost  as  a  matter  of  course.  Though  he* 
did  not  lay  claim  to  any  extensive  erudition,  he  was  full  of 
intellectual  life  and  interests,  a  shrewd  observer,  and  an  acute 
thinker,  who,  to  use  a  favourite  phrase  of  Locke,  tried  to 
'  bottom '  everything.  Those  who  attended  his  lectures  during 
the  earlier  years  of  his  Professorship  will  recollect  the  extra- 
ordinary intellectual  stimulus  which  he  communicated  to  his 
pupils,  and  his  frank  out-spokenness  and  Northern  accent  sup- 
plied them  with  a  variety  of  mots,  which,  not  always  without 
some  embellishment,  were  put  in  the  Professor's  mouth.  He 
was  a  most  devoted  son  of  Corpus,  in  which  he  must  have 
spent  about  two-thirds  of  his  life,  but,  unfortunately,  soon 
after  his  election  to  the  Presidentship,  his  health  gave  way, 
and,  during  the  last  few  years  of  his  life,  he  was  largely  in- 
capacitated from  taking  part  in  the  administration  of  the 
College.  The  very  briefest  notice  of  Professor  Wilson  would 
be  imperfect,  unless  it  recognised  the  prominent  part  he  took 
in  University  Reforms,  and  specially  in  the  movements  which 
resulted  in  the  abolition  of  Religious  Tests  and  the  issue  of 
the  Parliamentary  Commissions  of  1854  and  1877.  For  many 
years,  and  specially  during  the  keenest  years  of  party  conflict 
(and  those  who  took  part  in  the  conflicts  of  those  times  will 
never  forget  how  keen  they  were),  he  was  practically,  if  not 
nominally,  the  leader  of  the  Liberal  party  in  Oxford.  The 
strain,  no  doubt,  told  upon  his  constitution,  and  he  died 
somewhat  prematurely,  though  as  the  result  of  a  long  illness, 
on  Dec.  i,  1881.  He  was  buried  in  the  Holywell  Cemetery, 
but  is  commemorated  by  a  mural  tablet  in  the  College 
Cloisters. 

I  extract  from  the  Minutes  and  other  sources  a  few  of  the 
more  important  entries  during  Mr.  Wilson's  Presidency : — 

Nov.  1 6,  1872.     Agreed  to  petition  the  Visitor  to  accede  to  an 
alteration  in  the  Statutes,  whereby  any  fit  person,  though  he  be  not 


328    NEW  ELECTIONS.     NEW  STATUTES  OF  1882. 

already  a  member  of  the  Society,  may  be  elected  to  the  office  of 
Bursar.  The  Petition  was  acceded  to,  and  Mr.  Alfred  Stowe  of 
Wadham  College  was  elected  Bursar  on  Feb.  n,  1873.  On  his 
resignation  during  the  next  year,  Mr.  Thomas  Mosley  Crowder,  M.A., 
also  of  Wadham  College,  the  late  Bursar,  was  elected,  Nov.  7, 

'1874. 

Feb.  n,  1873.  Agreed  to  make  an  annual  grant  of  ;£ioo  to  the 
Grantham  Grammar  School  (one  of  the  schools  founded  by  Bishop 
Foxe)  in  lieu  of  all  other  payments. 

Nov.  8,  1873.  Henry  John  Stephen  Smith,  M.A.,  F.R.S.,  Fellow 
of  Balliol  and  Savilian  Professor  of  Geometry,  was  elected  to  a 
Professorial  Fellowship  (i.e.  a  Fellowship  not  attached  to  any  parti- 
cular Professorship,  but  to  which  Mr.  Smith  was  eligible,  in  virtue  of 
being  a  Professor  of  the  University). 

Nov.  6,  1875.  The  College  expressed  its  willingness,  'in  case  the 
University  should  make  Mr.  Legge  Professor  of  Chinese,  to  appro- 
priate to  his  use  the  income  of  a  Fellowship '  (then  ^300  a  year),  'so 
long  as  he  shall  continue  to  hold  that  office.'  The  Visitor  approved 
an  alteration  in  the  Statutes  to  this  effect,  the  University  constituted 
the  Professorship  for  Mr.  Legge's  life,  and,  on  May  31,  1876,  he  was 
admitted  a  member  of  the  College. 

Feb.  10,  1877.  Agreed  to  purchase,  from  Ch.  Ch.,  at  a  price 
estimated  at  ^20,300,  a  piece  of  land  consisting  of  about  500  acres 
at  Notgrove,  called  the  Manor  Farm. 

June,  1878.  Mr.  Nettleship,  Fellow  of  the  College,  elected  third 
Professor  of  Latin. 

Feb.  15,  1879.  Classical  Tutorship  of  the  College  accepted  by 
Mr.  Arthur  Sidgwick,  formerly  Fellow  of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge, 
and  at  this  time  Assistant  Master  of  Rugby  School.  He  came  into 
residence  in  the  following  term,  and  on  June  10,  1882,  after  the 
New  Statutes  had  come  into  operation,  was  admitted  an  Official 
Fellow,  in  accordance  with  clause  19. 

Mr.  Wilson  died  on  Dec.  i,  1881,  and  on  Dec.  23  following 
the  College  elected,  into  his  place,  the  Rev.  Thomas  Fowler, 
M.A.,  Fellow  of  Lincoln  College  and  Professor  of  Logic  in  the 
University. 

On  May  3,  1882,  Her  Majesty  in  Council  approved  the  New 
Statutes  drawn  up  by  the  Parliamentary  and  College  Commissioners, 


NEW  BUILDINGS.  329 

for  the  government  of  the  College.  Inasmuch  as  one  of  the  Fellows 
of  the  College,  Professor  H.  Smith,  was  one  of  the  Parliamentary 
Commissioners,  the  College  had  been  represented  on  the  Commis- 
sion by  only  two,  instead  of  three,  Commissioners.  These  were 
Mr.  Oddie  and  Mr.  Little;  the  late  President,  owing  to  ill  health, 
having  declined  to  serve. 

Jan.  31,  1883.  Frederick  Pollock,  M.A.  (afterwards  Sir  Frederick 
Pollock,  Bart.),  formerly  Fellow  of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge,  was 
admitted  Official  Fellow,  having  been  previously  elected  to  the 
Corpus  Christi  Professorship  of  Jurisprudence,  in  accordance  with 
Clause  14  of  the  New  Statutes.  (Sir  Frederick  Pollock  was  re- 
admitted Fellow  (after  being  re-elected  to  the  Professorship)  on 
Feb.  25,  1888.) 

Aug.  23,  1883.  Alterations  in  the  Statute  respecting  the  Dean 
approved  by  H.  M.  in  Council. 

Feb.  2,  1884.  Resolved  to  build  new  rooms  on  the  site  of  some 
old  houses,  the  property  of  the  College,  in  Merton  St.  and  Grove  St. 
Mr.  T.  G.  Jackson  was  selected  as  Architect.  This  building  was 
completed  in  1885,  and  opened  for  the  reception  of  students,  as 
'sedes  annexae'  (see  University  Statutes,  Tit.  III.  Sect,  i),  in  the 
Michaelmas  Term  of  that  year. 

June  24,  1885.  Certain  alterations  in  the  Statutes  with  regard  to 
Tutors  and  Assistant  Tutors  approved  by  H.  M.  in  Council. 

January  12,  1891.  Certain  alterations  in  the  Statutes  respecting 
Marriage  and  Residence  in  College  (Statute  24,  Clause  b,  and 
Statute  78)  approved  by  H.  M.  in  Council. 

June  28,  1892.  A  statute,  regulating  the  Seniority  of  Fellows, 
approved  by  H.  M.  in  Council. 


APPENDIX. 


A. 

ON  FINES  AND  OTHER  SOURCES  OF  REVENUE. 

ONE  of  the  most  obscure  subjects  in  the  early  history  of  the 
Colleges  is  the  distribution  of  the  Fines,  and  it  was  also  one  of  the 
main  occasions  of  dispute  between  the  Head  and  Fellows  or  between 
different  classes  of  Fellows.  The  '  cession '  of  no  less  than  four 
Presidents  of  Corpus,  Bocher,  Greneway,  Cole  and  Anyan,  was  more 
or  less  connected  with  this  question.  The  documents,  to  which 
these  few  pages  are  an  introduction,  will,  it  is  hoped,  throw  much 
contemporary  light  on  the  subject.  They  are  selected  from  a  batch 
of  papers,  connected  with  the  ever-recurring  dispute  about  the 
disposal  of  the  Fines,  which  is  preserved  in  MS.  437  in  the  College 
Library. 

Soon  after  the  foundation  of  the  College,  it  was  beset  with  financial 
difficulties  from  two  opposite  sides.  Prices  went  up,  and  so  the 
sums  fixed  by  the  Founder  for  commons,  liveries  or  vests,  and 
stipends  became  insufficient  to  supply  the  wants  of  the  students. 
On  the  other  hand,  the  value  of  land  and  agricultural  products 
increased  in,  probably,  a  still  greater  ratio.  The  price,  however, 
paid  for  the  use  of  land  had  come  to  assume  the  form,  not  so  much 
of  an  adequate  annual  rent,  as  of  a  small  rent  supplemented  by  large 
payments  (fines)  on  the  renewal  of  the  leases  or  copies.  Now,  as 
the  Statutes  made  no  definite  provision  for  the  appropriation  of  these 
fines  (though  I  can  hardly  question  that,  had  the  Founder  anticipated 
the  question,  he  would  have  treated  them  as  part  of  the  common 
funds  of  the  College),  a  variety  of  questions  soon  arose  as  to  the 
disposal,  nor  was  the  question  always  the  same  with  regard  to  the 
disposal  of  the  fines  on  copyholds  and  leases,  as  the  President  seems 
to  have  claimed  a  special  interest  in  the  copyholds.  Thus,  was  the 
whole  fine  to  go  to  the  common  funds  of  the  College,  or  only  part 


33*  HOW  WERE  THE  FINES  DISPOSED  OF? 

of  it,  and,  if  so,  what  part ;  and,  if  there  was  any  part  which  was  not 
carried  to  the  common  fund,  who  was  entitled  to  it,  the  President, 
or  the  President  and  Seven  Seniors,  whose  consent  was  necessary, 
under  ordinary  circumstances,  '  in  traditionibus  aut  locationibus 
firmarum1,'  or  the  President  and  the  whole  body  of  actual  Fellows, 
without  whose  consent  the  seal  could  not  be  affixed  to  any  corporate 
act2  ?  And,  if  either  of  the  two  latter  alternatives  were  adopted,  in 
what  proportions  were  the  shares  to  be  assigned  ?  Furthermore,  in 
addition  to  the  fine  actually  set  by  the  College,  was  it  lawful  for  the 
President,  or  for  the  President  and  certain  officers,  or  the  President 
and  Seven  Seniors,  or  the  President  and  whole  body  of  Fellows,  to 
receive,  privately,  on  their  own  account,  'gratifications'  for  their  'good- 
will' ?  Add  to  all  these  and  possibly  other  contentions  which  might 
be  advanced,  the  outrageous  claim  which  seems  to  have  been  made 
by  some  of  the  Presidents  to  retain,  for  their  own  use,  the  whole  of 
the  fines  which  they  received  on  copyholds.  But,  in  whatever  way 
these  questions  were  decided  (and  the  practice  seems  to  have  differed 
considerably  at  different  times),  the  general  tendency  was,  no  doubt, 
to  sacrifice  the  interests  of  the  junior  and  inferior  members  of  the 
College,  who  had  no  votes  in  College  Meetings, — the  Probationers, 
the  Scholars,  the  Ministri  Sacelli,  and  the  Famuli  Collegii,  to  those 
of  the  President,  the  Seven  Seniors,  and  the  whole  body  of  Fellows, 
these,  again,  amongst  themselves,  respectively  faring  according  to  the 
powers  with  which  they  were  respectively  invested  and  the  pertinacity 
and  skill  with  which  they  were  able  to  wield  them. 

The  two  great  epochs  in  the  history  of  College  property  are  (i)  the 
enactments  of  13,  14,  and  18  Eliz.,  on  fines  of  leases  and  reserved 
rents,  and  (2)  the  running  out  of  leases  and  substitution  of  rack-rents, 
which  became  general  about  the  middle  of  the  present  century,  and 
put  an  end  to  the  wasteful,  though  possibly  prudent3,  system  of  fines 
on  renewals  which  had  prevailed  for  many  centuries  before  that 
time.  Prior  to  the  first  of  these  Acts,  estates,  when  leased  at  all, 
seem  to  have  been  usually  leased  for  long  periods,  and,  though 
Corpus  was  forbidden  by  the  Founder  to  make  long  leases  (Statutes, 
Ch.  45),  it  may  not  improbably  have  succeeded  to  some,  and,  even 
if  it  was  not  much  affected  by  the  first  and  second  of  the  Acts  of 

1  Stat.  ch.  46.  *  Stat.  ch.  43. 

3  The  College  and  Cathedral  estates  were  often  leased  to  powerful  noblemen. 
It  is  said  that  the  late  Dr.  Routh  deplored  the  coming  in  of  the  new  system, 
because  the  old  system  of  leases  interested  so  many  persons  of  weight  and  position 
in  the  protection  of  the  College  property. 


ACTS  OF  ELIZABETH.  333 

Elizabeth,  it  was  undoubtedly,  like  all  other  Colleges  and  similar 
bodies,  largely  indebted  to  the  third1.  By  the  Act  13  Eliz.  cap.  10, 
it  is  enacted  that  henceforth  all  leases,  &c.  of  Estates  made  by  any 
College  or  ecclesiastical  body  shall  be  granted  for  terms  not  exceeding 
one  and  twenty  years  or  three  lives,  and  that  the  accustomed  yearly 
rent  or  more  (the  (  Reditus  Antiqui'  of  old  College  account-books) 
shall  be  reserved  and  payable  yearly  during  the  same  term.  By  14 
Eliz.  cap.  n,  there  is  an  exemption  from  the  provisions  of  the  former 
Act,  under  certain  circumstances,  in  the  case  of  houses,  but  it  is  pro- 
vided that  no  house  shall  be  leased  in  reversion,  or  without  reserving 
the  accustomed  yearly  rent,  or  without  charging  the  Lessee  with  the 
reparations,  or  for  a  longer  term  than  forty  years  at  the  most.  Finally, 
by  1 8  Eliz.  cap.  6,  it  is  enacted  that  'for  the  better  maintenance  of 
learning  and  the  better  relief  of  Scholars  in  the  Universities,'  &c., 
no  College  in  either  University  or  at  Winchester  or  Eton  shall,  after 
the  end  of  the  present  session  of  Parliament,  make  any  lease  of  land 
or  tithes,  '  except  that  the  one  third  part  at  the  least  of  the  old  rent 
be  reserved  and  paid  in  corn,'  either  in  kind  or  value.  There  was  a 
curious  provision  for  ascertaining  the  money  value,  which  even  still 
obtains,  namely,  that  it  should  be  according  to  the  highest  rate  at 
which  wheat  and  malt  were  sold  in  the  markets  of  Oxford,  Cambridge, 
Winchester,  and  Windsor  respectively,  on  the  next  market  day  before 
the  rents  were  due.  These  reserved  rents,  settled  by  the  price  of 
corn,  were,  in  contradistinction  to  the  Reditus  Antiqui,  called  'Corn- 
rents'  or  'reditus  frumentarius.'  The  Corn-rents  were  a  variable 
sum,  from  year  to  year ;  but  the  '  Old  Rents,'  after  the  long  leases 
had  fallen  in,  and  the  College  had  come  into  full  possession  of  its 
present  property,  were  almost  a  constant  sum  down  to  the  time  when 
the  system  of  rack-renting  first  began  to  replace  that  of  the  renewal 
of  leases  on  fines.  In  the  Libri  Magni,  down  to  1855,  when  the  old 
Statutes  were  abrogated,  these  Reditus  Antiqui  occupy  a  prominent 
position  and  a  considerable  space,  but  they  had  become  a  com- 
paratively insignificant  item  in  the  accounts.  They  were  always 

1  See  Mr.  Shadwell's  article  on  Oriel  College  in  Colleges  of  Oxford,  pp.  119,  20. 
Mr.  Shadwell  speaks,  however,  as  if  the  Act  18  of  Eliz.  ch.  6  covered  the  pro- 
visions of  all  the  three  Acts  cited  above.  The  more  pertinent  extracts  from  all 
these  three  Acts  are  given  in  Dr.  Griffiths'  Enactments  in  Parliament  specially 
concerning  the  Universities  of  Oxford  and  Cambridge. 

There  is  a  curious  and  interesting  passage  in  Dr.  Reynolds'  letter  (see  pp.  348-9 
below)  on  the  way  in  which  the  farms  (or  some  of  them)  were  managed  and  let 
during  the  early  years  of  the  College. 


334  OLD  ACCOUNT  BOOKS. 

carried  to  '  Domus,'  or,  in  other  words,  never  divided  amongst  the 
individual  members  of  the  Corporation,  inasmuch  as  they  represented 
the  original  revenue  of  the  College  which  could  only  be  used  for  the 
common  purposes  of  the  foundation.  Hence  there  was  no  induce- 
ment to  the  Governing  Body  of  the  College  to  attempt  to  increase 
this  portion  of  their  revenue,  as  it  was  neither  capable  of  division 
amongst  all  the  Members  of  the  Foundation,  like  the  Corn-Rents, 
nor  capable  of  being,  in  large  part,  appropriated  to  themselves  like 
the  fines. 

Of  course,  it  was  some  time  before  these  Statutes  of  Elizabeth 
began  to  have  any  sensible  effect.  The  first  of  the  Libri  Magni  in 
which  there  is  any  mention  of  a  Corn- Rent  is  that  of  1583-4,  in 
which  there  occurs  the  heading  '  Incrementa  Redditus  Frumentarii' 
with  a  list  of  farms  and  tenants,  but  no  payments.  In  the  Liber 
Magnus  for  1584-5,  the  sum  received  under  this  head  amounts  to 
^15  Ss.  id.,  but  it  is  not  carried  to  any  special  account.  The  final 
statement  for  this  year,  however,  is '  Et  sic  debent  (sc.  Dispensatores) 
^29  us.  i\d.,  quam  summam  expenderunt,  una  cum  ^76  i6s.  6^/.M 
The  latter  sum,  from  a  nameless  source,  must,  I  think,  have  been 
from  fines,  and  was  probably  divided,  in  certain  proportions  (perhaps 
as  sealing  money,  cp.  p.  350),  amongst  the  President  and  Fellows, 
though  it  may  not  have  represented  the  entire  sum  which  was  taken 
from  the  tenants.  Entries,  similar  to  the  last,  occur,  almost  from  year 
to  year,  as  far  back  as  the  book  for  1 5  71-2.  Indeed,  though  different  in 
form,  the  final  statement  of  the  accounts  seems  to  be  of  much  the  same 
character  substantially  as  far  back  as  the  earliest  Liber  Magnus  in  which 
such  a  statement  is  extant,  namely,  that  for  1525-6.  The  final  state- 
ment in  that  book  concludes  with  the  words  :  '  et  debent  xxvi11  v8  ixd 
ob.,  quam  summam  adduxerunt  ad  turrim,  et  supra  ista  xxxiin9  nd 
ob.,  et  recesserunt  quieti.'  I  imagine  that  the  balance  of  the  yearly 
accounts  was  always  carried  to  the  tower,  and  that  this  additional 
sum  ('una  cum'  or  'supra  ista')  was  in  some  way  divided,  probably 
being  derived  from  fines  and  regarded  as  standing  outside  the 
ordinary  accounts.  The  'cista  finium'  (which  belonged  to  the 
College  and  was  applied  to  corporate  objects),  with  its  receipts 
and  disbursements,  first  appears  in  the  accounts  in  the  Liber  Magnus 
of  1585-6,  but  there  can  be  no  doubt  from  Reynolds'  Letter  to 
Bp.  Bilson  (see  pp.  349-50)  that  it  had  existed  long  before  this  date. 

1  The  next  year  (1585-6)  this  sum,  in  addition  to  the  balance  on  the  General 
Account,  amounts  to  ,£155  14*.  nfrf. 


APPROPRIATION  OF  THE  CORN-RENTS.  335 

When  the  Corn-Rents  had  once  become  a  recognised  item  in  the 
College  accounts,  the  process  of  augmenting  the  statutable  allowances 
for  commons  out  of  the  general  funds  of  the  College,  which  seems 
to  have  prevailed  previously,  was  superseded  by  devoting  these 
rents  to  the  object  for  which-  the  Statute  of  18  Eliz.  had  designed 
them,  namely,  '  the  use  of  the  relief  of  the  Commons  and  diett  of 
the  said  Colleges.'  Though  the  expression  '  pro  convictu  Studentium 
ampliore'  does  not  occur  till  the  account  for  1591-2,  still,  I  think, 
there  can  be  no  doubt  that  the  Corn-Rents  were  appropriated,  from  the 
first,  either  in  the  way  of  dividends  or  of  improved  commons.  In  the 
year  just  mentioned,  there  occur,  in  the  final  account,  the  two  items 
*  pro  incremento  redditus  frumenti'  ;£i  53  i8.r.  6\d.  and  £1 1  i  is.  of*/. 
'  pro  convictu  Studentium  ampliore.'  The  former  item  perhaps  points 
to  a  dividend,  in  some  fixed  proportion,  amongst  all  the  members  of 
the  College,  and  the  latter  to  an  improvement  of  the  commons1.  In 
1594-5,  the  Corn-Rent  reached  £229  i8s.  iod.,  and,  from  the  way 
in  which  it  is  spoken  of  in  the  final  account,  'Unde  allocatur  respectu 
incrementi  reditus  frumenti,'  it  looks  as  if  it  were  used  as  a  Dividend. 
In  I595-62,  the  Corn-Rent  amounted  to  ^372  i8s.  if</.,  and  is 
distributed  between  two  items, — '  pro  expensis  pro  incremento  reditus 
frumentarii'  .£286  los.  zd.  (which  perhaps  represents  a  Dividend), 
and  ;£86  8s.,  '  quge  pars  excrescens  de  reditu  frumenti  allocatur  istis 
(sc.  Dispensatoribus)  pro  ampliori  convictu  Studentium  et  inhabitan- 
tium '  (which  may  be  a  grant  in  improvement  of  the  Commons).  In 
1596-7,  the  Corn-Rents  amounted  to  ^482  i6s.  ii^d.,  of  which 
£414  5J.  i\d.  was  expended  '  pro  decrements3  in  simila  avenacea, 
in  pane,  potu,  vino,  reliquoque  convictu,  et  in  sale,  ligno,  et  carboni- 
bus,'  and  ^68  us.  iod.  'pro  ampliore  convictu  Studentium.'  Here 
it  looks  as  if  the  latter  sum  represented  dividends  and  the  former 
improvements  in  the  way  of  living  and  comforts.  The  next  year, 
1597-8,  the  Corn-Rents  amount  to  ^£731  ids.  <$\d.,  of  which 
^359  &r.  3f</.  was  assigned  'pro  decrementis'  &c.,  and  the  re- 
mainder '  pro  ampliore  convictu  Studentium.'  During  many  of  the 
following  years  the  decrements  nearly  swallow  up,  and  sometimes 
more  than  swallow  up,  the  whole  of  the  corn-rents,  leaving  little 

1  Or  it  may  be  vice  versa,  a  supposition  which  would  be  more  consistent  with 
the  entries  from  1596-7  onwards.     What  is  plain  is  that  the  Corn-rent  was  used 
for  two  distinct  purposes. 

2  In  this  year's  accounts,  £gj  i  is.  'jd.  appears  as  expended  on  a  new  buttery,  or, 
as  it  is  elsewhere  described,  cellar  (probably  both). 

3  The  word  '  decrements '  is  explained  below,  p.  354. 


336  THE  CIST  A  FINIUM. 

'pro  ampliore  convictu  studentium.'  In  the  accounts  for  1622-3, 
it  is  actually  stated  that  ^509  is.  od.  was  paid  by  the  Bursars  '  in 
pecuniis^  divisis  inter  alumnos  omnium  ordinum.'  The  '  Divisio  inter 
alumnos  pro  convictu  ampliore'  is  henceforth  a  large  and  increasing 
sum,  and  was  evidently  a  money  payment.  In  1660-1,  it  amounted 
to  ^884  15^.  6d.  The  deduction  for  Decrements,  having  gradually 
dwindled  down  to  almost  nothing,  disappears  altogether  in  1680-1. 
In  1699-1700,  the  whole  of  the  Corn-Rent,  with  a  small  deduction 
for  the  poor,  which  had  now  become  common  and  varied  from  year  to 
year,  was  distributed  under  the  head  of  '  Divisio  inter  alumnos  super 
quatuor  Schemata2.'  It  amounted  this  year  to  ^1088  5.?.,  but  this 
was  an  exceptional  year,  for,  the  next  year,  it  dropped  to  ^695  os.  8d., 
and  was  distributed  under  the  old  designation  of  '  Divisio  inter 
alumnos  pro  convictu  ampliore.'  In  1759-60,  the  Division  'Super 
quatuor  Schemata'  amounted  to  ^713  2s. ;  in  1809-10,  during  the 
time  of  high  prices,  caused  by  the  French  war,  to  ^1987  14*.;  in 
1829-30,  to  ^1735  6s.  yd. ;  and  in  1854-5,  under  the  influence  of 
Free  Trade,  it  declined  to  ^"1461  i2s.s 

The  entries  under  the  'Cista  Finium'  in  the  earlier  Libri  Magni 
are  evidently  no  guide  to  the  sums  actually  received  by  members  of 
the  Foundation  under  this  head.  Dr.  Reynolds,  as  we  shall  see 
presently,  speaks  of  about  ^1000  received  as  fines  on  the  renewal 
of  leases  and  copyholds,  in  the  year  1597-8,  whereas  the  sum  credited 
to  the  '  Cista  finium,'  which  also  included  sales  of  timber  and  other 
windfalls,  is  only  about  ^229.  After  this  time,  however,  whether  in 
consequence  of  fresh  regulations,  or  simply  in  virtue  of  the  increase 
in  the  value  of  land,  the  College  share  of  the  fines  seems  to  have 

1  The  word  is  underlined  in  the  original. 

*  This  is  simply  an  equivalent  expression  for  'Div.  inter  alum,  pro  convictu 
ampliore.'  The  quatuor  schemata,  at  least  in  later  years,  were  quarterly  lists  of 
the  weekly  expences  of  each  person  in  College,  and  thus  afforded  evidence  of 
residence.  In  earlier  years,  they  may  have  been  the  same  or  they  may  have  been 
the  quarterly  accounts  of  the  allowances.  The  allowances  for  the  four  quarters, 
which  were  evidently  a  distribution  of  the  corn-rents,  were  plainly  based  on  relative 
position  in  College,  and  probably,  in  earlier  times,  partly  on  the  amount  of 
residence  during  the  quarter.  Excepting  for  the  years  1773  and  1780,  I  find  no 
books  earlier  than  1850  containing  an  account  of  the  payments  made  to  individual 
members  of  the  Foundation.  These  payments  do  not  appear  in  the  Libri  Magni. 

3  The  loss  from  running  out  the  leases  was  balanced  by  an  allowance  of  25  per 
cent,  from  the  rack-rents.  1 854-5  was  the  last  year  in  which  the  old  statutes  were 
in  force.  Under  the  new  statutes  of  1855,  the  accounts  were  much  simplified,  and 
the  various  separate  allowances,  which  had  hitherto  obtained,  were  now  merged  in 
fixed  stipends. 


DISPOSITION  OF  THE  FINES.  337 

risen  rapidly.  Thus,  in  1600-1,  it  amounted  to  about  ^£320 ;  in 
1604-5,  to  about  £400;  in  1607-8,  to  about  ^630;  in  1615-6,  to 
about  ,£650  ;  in  1637-8,  to  about  ^600  ;  in  1652-3,  to  about  ,£750  ; 
in  1665-6,  to  about  ^875  ;  in  1697-8,  to  about  ^£845  ;  in  1729-30, 
to  about  ^1045  ;  in  1760-1,  to  about  ^1281 ;  in  1792-3,  to  about 
^£1740;  in  1809-10,  to  about  ^2742  ;  in  1829-30,  to  about  ^2639  ; 
in  1854-5,  to  about  ,£2 130*.  There  are,  of  course,  fluctuations,  and 
sometimes  a  decline  instead  of  an  advance.  As  nearly  as  I  can 
calculate  from  the  payments  towards  the  close  of  the  period  during 
which  the  old  statutes  were  still  in  force,  the  sum  divided  from  fines, 
sales  of  timber,  &c.,  among  the  President  and  Fellows  was  about 
double  the  corporate  share  of  the  College2.  At  that  time  the  Presi- 
dent received  four  times  the  share  of  a  Senior  Fellow,  and  the 
proportion  of  a  Senior  Fellow  to  a  Junior  (if  both  were  M.A.'s  and 
in  Priest's  orders,  and  if  a  Junior  Fellow  were  not  a  College  officer) 
was  as  22  :  20,  being  based  on  the  addition  of  the  statutable 
allowances  for  vests  to  those  for  stipends.  A  probationer,  scholar, 
minister  sacelli,  or  famulus  Collegii  received  nothing  out  of  the  fines, 
except  incidentally  out  of  the  College  portion  of  them,  through  the 
'  Montague  Vests '  of  which  I  shall  speak  presently.  So  far  as  the 
Fellows  were  concerned  (and  probably  the  President)  this  division 
of  the  non-corporate  share  of  the  fines  was  in  accordance  with  a 
decision  or  counsel  of  Bp.  Bilson,  apparently  not  now  extant,  but 
evidently  alluded  to  in  a  letter  written  by  him  to  the  President  and 
Fellows  on  Jan.  16,  i6o|3. 

But  what  became  of  the  corporate  share  of  the  fines  ?  Together 
with  the  '  redditus  antiqui,'  they  formed  a  fund  against  which  all  the 
statutable  charges  of  the  College  were  carried — commons,  stipends, 
vests,  expenditure  on  the  College  buildings  and  estates,  &c.,  the 
residue  each  year  being  carried  to  the  Tower  as  a  reserve  fund, 
for  the  purpose  of  defending  suits  at  law,  and,  if  the  opportunity 
offered,  of  increasing  the  College  possessions4.  But,  as  we  have 
seen,  the  allowances  for  Commons  seem  to  have  been,  from  time 

1  For  the  exceptionally  large  sum  to  which  the  fines  amounted  in  1819-20, 
see  p.  341. 

3  From  the  books  of  1850-5,  containing  the  details  of  the  payments  made  to 
Members  of  the  Foundation,  it  appears  that,  on  the  average,  a  sum  considerably 
more  than  one  half  of  the  receipts  of  the  President  or  a  Fellow  came  from  the 
Fines. 

J  See  below,  pp.  353-4. 

t  Old  Statutes,  chs.  40,  43. 

Z 


338  THE  MONTAGUE   VEST. 

to  time,  in  some  degree  adjusted  to  the  rise  in  prices,  and,  under 
the  Visitorship  of  Bishop  Montague  (1616-1618),  this  principle 
received  still  wider  application:  (a)  by  increasing,  in  1617,  the 
stipends  of  the  College  Officers  and  Lecturers,  providing  that,  in 
those  years  when  they  were  so  increased,  100  marks  were  carried 
to  the  tower1;  (/3)  by  a  concession,  with  the  same  proviso,  which  had 
been  granted  in  the  previous  year,  of  far  more  importance  in  its 
ultimate  results  on  the  pecuniary  interests  of  the  members  of  the 
Foundation.  This  allowance  was  known,  in  subsequent  years,  as 
the  Montague  vest2.  The  original  document,  by  which  the  '  Mon- 
tague vest,'  or,  at  least,  the  single  '  Montague  vest,'  was  established, 
runs  as  follows  : — 

Feb.  5,  1616  (£ ).  Whereas  our  Founder  hath  by  a  fundamentall 
statute  appointed  that  every  one  of  his  Foundation  shud  yearly 
have  a  livery  or  gown  of  one  and  the  same  colour3,  thereby 
to  have  the  students  of  his  College  known  from  others,  and  for 
that  purpose  hath  allowed  a  sum  of  mony  yearly  to  be  payd  to 
every  man  by  the  Bursars,  which  mony  (tho  then  sufficient)  will 
not  now  serve  to  effect  that  which  he  appoints,  and  because 
there  is  yearly  carryd  up  to  our  common  treasury  such  monys 
as  in  our  consciences  we  thinke  due  to  ourselves,  which  being 
divided  would  serve  for  that  purpose,  we  the  President,  the  senior 
fellows  and  officers,  by  the  direction  and  appointment  of  the  right 
reverend  Father  in  God  James  Ld.  Bp.  of  Winton,  our  honorable 
Visitor,  doe  ordain  and  decree  that  there  be  yearly  a  sufficient 
allowance  (more  than  they  had  before)  made  to  the  students  of 

1  This  Order  was  made  Jan.  5,   i6i|.     The  details  are  given  under  Anyan's 
Presidency.    A  copy  of  it,  as  well  as  of  the  next  document,  is  to  be  found  in  MS.  437 
in  the  College  Library. 

2  It  is,  perhaps,  superfluous  to  state  that  the  '  Montague  Vest '  was  a  money 
allowance,  as,   at  this  time,  no  doubt,  was  also  the  original  '  vest '  or  '  livery.' 
Indeed,  even  in  the  original  Statutes  (see  ch.  38)  as  drawn  up  by  the  Founder,  it 
was  left  to  the  discretion  of  the  President  and  Seniors  to  substitute  a  money 
payment  for  the  actual  piece  of  cloth,  and  this  discretion  was  probably  soon 
exercised. 

3  See  Statutes,  ch.  38  :    '  Ut  igitur  nostri  monitorem  habeant  simul  et  testem 
fraternae  inter  se  concordise,  omnibus  nostri  Collegii  de  panno  unius  prope  coloris, 
....  pro  vestibus  exterioribus,  togas  appellant,  una  cum  capitiis  pro  graduatis, .... 
volumus  singulis  annis  in  omne  sevum  provided.'     The  gown  and  hood  were,  of 
course,  much  more  substantial  articles  of  clothing  at  that  time  than  the  present. 
The  Cambridge  Colleges  still  have  different  colours  for  their  gowns.      In  Oxford, 
they  are  now  uniformly  black. 


TERR^E  EMPT&.  339 

all  orders  to  buy  them  gowns  of  the  same  colour,  in  this  manner 
(viz.  to  the) 


President  £:,. 

7  Seniors,  officers,  and  public  readers  £3. 

Masters  which  are  fellows  50^. 

-  probationers  or  scho- 


lars 4OJ. 
Chaplains,  if  they  be  Masters  of  Arts  40^. 


otherwise  33.?. 


Scholars  undergraduates  {i.e.  under- 
graduate Scholars)  and  Clerks  30^. 

Choristers  2$s. 

Clerk  of  the  accounts  and  President's 
2  servants  2os. 

Manciple,  2  Cooks,  Butler  and  Porter 
13.?.  ^d. 


Bachelors,whether  probationers,  fellows, 
or  scholars  33^.  4^. 

This  decree  I  allow  and  approve  of,  soe  long  as  you  may  yearly 
carry  up  to  the  increase  of  the  Common  Treasury  an  hundred  marks 
at  the  least.  Ja:  Winton. 

The  decree  is  signed,  amongst  others,  by  Tho.  Anyan,  Pr. ;  Sebas- 
tian Benefield,  V.P. ;  Brian  Twine,  Gr.  Lect. ;  Thomas  Jackson ;  and 
Henry  Jackson. 

The  College  acted  on  this  decree  in  the  accounts  of  that  very  year 
1616-7,  as  weM  as  m  those  of  1617-8,  but,  curiously  enough,  the 
proportions  between  the  various  orders  of  students  do  not  correspond 
with  those  specified  in  the  decree.  If,  however,  we  look  at  the 
Liber  Magnus  of  1619-20,  we  shall  find  this  apparent  anomaly 
explained  by  the  fact  that  a  new  item,  that  of  'Terrae  emptae/  is 
included  under  the  allowance  for  Vests.  By  comparing  the  items 
under  that  head  in  these  three  books,  there  can  be  no  doubt  that,  in 
the  accounts  for  1616-7  an^  1617-8,  the  allowance  for  'Vests' 
includes  (i)  the  old  statutable  allowance,  (2)  the  new  allowance 
sanctioned  by  Bp.  Montague,  (3)  the  rents  for  '  Terrae  emptae,'  i.  e. 
new  lands  or  houses  bought,  in  accordance  with  the  Founder's  in- 
tentions, out  of  the  accumulations  of  the  Tower  Fund.  These  rents, 
like  the  '  Montague  Vest,'  seem  to  have  been  distributed,  in  certain 
proportions,  amongst  all  members  of  the  Foundation.  The  first 
year,  the  sum  carried  to  the  Tower  was  over  ^206,  being  largely  in 
excess  of  the  minimum  of  100  marks  prescribed  by  the  Visitor,  as  a 
condition  of  his  concession.  A  principle,  to  be  hereafter  largely 
extended,  was  thus  established,  by  which,  with  due  regard  to  the 
reserve  fund  and  the  gradual  augmentation  of  the  College  property, 
the  various  members  of  the  Foundation  could  obtain  for  themselves 
some  proportion  of  the  surplus  of  the  corporate  revenues.  Nor  was 
it,  like  the  large  proportion  of  the  fines  somewhat  surreptitiously 
taken  by  the  President  and  Fellows,  in  their  individual  capacity, 

Z  2 


340         MULTIPLICATION  OF  MONTAGUE   VESTS. 

open  to  the  charge  of  injustice.  For  all  the  members  of  the  Founda- 
tion, from  the  highest  to  the  lowest,  in  their  several  degrees,  shared 
proportionally  in  the  benefit. 

There  were  many  years  at  this  period,  in  which  the  revenues  could 
not  afford  even  a  single  '  Montague  vest,'  and  it  was  not,  so  far  as 
I  can  ascertain,  till  1649-50  that  a  double  'Montague  vest'  was 
allowed.  In  that  year,  the  College  share  of  the  fines  alone  amounted 
to  £i  207,  ^205  was  carried  to  the  Tower,  and  the  '  Divisio  pro 
ampliori  convictu'  from  the  Corn-rents  amounted  to  the  then  large 
sum  of  ^1113.  There  were  also  double  Montague  Vests  in  the 
years  1671-2,  1672-3,  1673-4,  1677-8,  and  1683-4,  a  proof  of  the 
prosperity  of  those  years,  as  every  Montague  Vest  implied  a  sum  of 
at  least  two-thirds  that  amount  carried  to  the  Tower,  and  the  sum 
thus  carried  was  often,  at  this  period,  much  larger  than  the  Decree 
enjoined.  The  '  double  vest'  undoubtedly  involved  a  liberal  reading 
of  the  Decree  of  161^,  but  the  meaning  attached  to  the  Decree  was 
not  more  elastic  than  probably  Bp.  Montague,  and  certainly  the 
Founder,  would  have  allowed,  had  they  been  cognisant  of  the  facts 
and  the  changed  circumstances  of  the  time.  In  the  year  1678,  it 
appears  as  if  some  objection  had  been  taken  to  the  increase  of  the 
allowance,  for  in  MS.  437  there  is  preserved  a  paper,  evidently 
original,  signed  by  Newlin,  the  President,  and  sixteen  Fellows, 
amongst  whom  was  Turner,  the  next  President,  to  the  effect  that 
they  '  doe  conceive  that  the  double  livery  now  agreed  to '  (the  date 
is  Dec.  23)  '  is  consonant  to  our  Founder's  Statutes,  as  interpreted 
by  the  Rt.  Rev.  Father  in  God  Bishop  Montague,  formerly  our 
Visitor,  and  doe  hereby  promise  that  (if  hereafter  it  shall  appear 
otherwise)  we  will  ourselves  refund  and  cause  all  others  that  shall 
receive  it  to  make  restitution  to  the  College.'  But  if  the  Montague 
Vest  might  be  doubled,  why  should  it  not  be  trebled,  quadrupled,  or 
multiplied  to  any  extent,  provided  that  the  proportional  sum  (usually 
about  frds  of  the  entire  allowance)  was  carried  to  the  Tower? 
Accordingly  we  find,  in  1686-7,  a  'Vestis  triplex  Montacuti,' and 
a  similar  entry  is  repeated  in  1696-7,  1720-1,  1722-3,  till,  in  1726-7, 
it  becomes  '  quadruplex.'  And  so,  as  the  accounts  proceed,  a  fresh 
multiple1  occasionally  appears,  till,  at  last,  in  1820,  it  is  multiplied 

1  Sometimes,  in  order  to  obtain  the  full  benefit  of  the  '  Montague  Vest,'  so  far 
as  permissible  by  the  Decree,  it  is  multiplied  by  \.  Thus,  in  1829-30,  we  have 
the  entry  '  io£  Vest.  Mont.  ,£1081  los.  od?  In  later  years,  in  fact,  it  became  the 
common  practice,  when  the  College  expences  and  other  allowances  had  been 
deducted  from  the  Old  Rents  and  the  College  share  of  the  Fines  &c.,  to  divide  the 


ACCUMULATIONS  IN  THE  TOWER  FUND.         341 

16  times,  the  whole  charge  being  ^1670,  and  the  sum  carried  to 
the  Tower  ^£1187.  In  that  year,  the  College  share  of  the  Fines1 
being  enormously  large  (^4050),  the  value  of  the  Montague  Vest,  I 
believe,  culminated,  as  it  did  also  in  1825,  but,  in  most  years  during 
the  last  half  of  the  eighteenth  and  the  first  half  of  the  nineteenth 
century,  it  constituted  a  substantial  addition  to  the  income  of  the 
various  members  of  the  Foundation.  Its  history2  is  interesting  and 
typical,  as  shewing  the  ingenious  devices  (perfectly  innocent  and 
justifiable)  to  which  men  who  are  bound  by  antiquated  regulations 
are  often  driven  to  resort,  in  order  to  carry  out  the  spirit  of  the  rules 
at  the  expence  of  the  letter.  But,  when  such  devices  become 
common,  surely  the  time  has  arrived,  when  the  antiquated  regula- 
tions ought  to  give  place  to  their  modern  equivalents. 

It  is  plain  that  there  must  often  have  been  large  accumulations  of 
money  in  the  Tower  Fund.  What  became  of  them  ?  For  the 
purposes  of  a  reserve  fund,  to  meet  emergencies  and  possible  law- 
suits, it  was  desirable  to  keep  a  considerable  balance.  But,  even 
when  these  objects  had  been  amply  secured,  there  must  often  have 
been  a  large  disposable  surplus.  This  contingency  had  been  fore- 
seen by  the  Founder,  who  had  provided  (Stat.  ch.  43)  that  the 
accumulations  in  the  Tower  might  be  employed  '  pro  possessionibus 
amplioribus,  si  oporteat,  acquirendis.'  The  College  probably  began, 
as  soon  as  its  surplus  revenues  permitted,  to  act  on  this  direction  or 
suggestion  of  its  Founder,  and  Beam  Hall,  the  picturesque  old 
house  opposite  the  College 3,  seems  to  have  been  one  of  its  earliest 
purchases.  But  I  have  not  noticed,  in  the  Libri  Magni,  any  express 

approximate  balance  between  the  Montague  Vests  and  the  Tower  Fund  in  the 
ratio  of  about  3  to  2. 

1  The  President  and  Actual  Fellows  would  divide  about  twice  this  sum  amongst 
themselves,  so  that  the  Fines  (including,  however,  sales  of  timber  and  other  windS 
falls)  would  amount,  this  year,  to  above  £12,000.  The  share  of  the  President  and 
Fellows,  as  distinct  from  the  College,  does  not  appear  in  the  Liber  Magnus,  but, 
from  the  division  books  of  1850-5,  it  seems  to  have  been  about  double  that  which 
appears  in  the  Cista  Fininm  and  is  carried  to  the  College  account. 

3  An  almost  exact  parallel  to  the  Montague  Vest  may  be  found  in  the  history  ot 
All  Souls.  See  Mr.  Oman's  very  interesting  article  on  All  Souls  in  the  Colleges 
of  Oxford,  pp.  220,  i.  Abp.  Abbott,  in  1629,  did  for  All  Souls  what  Bp.  Mon- 
tague, in  i6if,  had  done  for  Corpus.  And  the  subsequent  developments  of  the 
change  were  the  same  in  both  cases. 

3  It-  was  at  Beam  (or  Biham)  Hall  that  Drs.  John  Fell,  Richard  Allestree,  and 
John  Dolben  met  for  the  purpose  of  reading  the  Anglican  Liturgy  during  the  time 
of  the  Commonwealth.  See  Wood's  Annals,  under  date  of  December,  1648,  and 
pp.  215-6  of  this  work. 


342 


INDIVIDUAL  PAYMENTS  IN 


mention  of  the  revenues  derived  from  the  'terne  emptae,'  as  they 
were  called,  till  the  financial  year  1619-20,  when,  as  already  stated, 
they  are  mixed  up  with  the  statutable  payment  for  Vests.  The 
designation  of  the  item  is  '  Vestes  omnium  ordinum,  tarn  ex  alloca- 
tione  fundatoris,  quam  e  terris  emptis.'  The  annual  rents  of  the 
'terrae  emptae'  seem,  at  that  time,  to  have  amounted  to  about  ^39, 
and  to  have  been  divided,  in  certain  proportions,  amongst  all  the 
members  of  the  foundation.  The  same  rule  of  division  obtained  till 
the  enactment  of  the  New  Statutes  in  1855,  but,  at  this  time,  the  annual 
rents  accruing  from  the  '  terrse  emptae '  amounted  to  about  ^730. 

As  the  condition  of  the  Colleges  under  the  original  statutes  of 
their  Founders  has  now  almost  become  ancient  history,  it  may  be 
of  some  interest  to  my  readers,  if  I  present  in  a  tabular  form ]  the 


1 

President. 

Senior 
Fellow. 

Junior 
Fellow. 

Under- 
graduate 
Scholar. 

Ji~     s.     d. 

£  '•     d. 

£  s.    d. 

£     s-  d. 

Division.    Quarter  i  (the  old 

20  17     9 

6  ii   ii 

7  "     7] 

'  Divisio  pro  convictu  am- 
pliore,'  no  longer  dependent 

Besides 
deductions 
from  Battels 

Deductions 
fromBattels, 

on  residence) 

i 

9  C         <\     T  T 

when  resident. 

amounting 

3r~ 

•5    y  il 

20    7    6 

5     7     2 
7  16     6 

494 
6  J7     3 

4 
Commons  (the  allowances  of 

25  I9     3 
15     3     4 

7     5     2 
5     8     7 

5  17  10} 
453 

2    10      9 

Stat.  ch.  31,  considerably  in- 

creased, and  depending  on 

residence) 

Cobb's   Share  (i.e.  share  of 

i   16     8 

5     3 

Cobb's  Benefaction) 

Linen  and  Candle  Money  (i.e. 

52  10    o 

allowance  in  lieu  of  linen 

and  candles) 

Stable  (i.  e.  allowance  in  lieu 

105     o     o 

of  horses  allowed  by  old 

Statutes) 

Capons  (some  payment  from 

9    o 

a  farm) 

Mrs.  Mather's  Legacy 

50    o     o 

Terrse  Emptse 

41     8     o 

13  16    o 

13  1  6     o 

94° 

Vests  (including  both  Statut- 

35     o    o 

21       O      O 

17  10    o 

10  10    6 

able  and  Montague  Vests) 

Fines.     Lady  Day 

287     5     8 

71  16     5 

68  ii     i 

539    °    ° 

134  15     o 

128  12     6 

Famuli    (i.  e.   allowance   for 

88  10     8 

what   the    President's  two 

i 

servants    would    otherwise 

have  received) 

Total  (exclusive  of  house  or 

1308  17     9 

274       2       0 

257  10  10 

43*  5     3 

rooms,  and,  in  the  case  of 

Scholars,  of  a  large  deduc- 

tion from  their  Tuition  Fees) 

AWARD  OF  LORDS  ESSEX  AND  BUCKHURST.    343 

allowances  made  to  members  of  the  Foundation  (I  have  selected  the 
President,  a  Senior  Fellow,  a  Junior  Fellow,  and  an  Undergraduate 
Scholar)  during  the  financial  year  1854-5,  the  last  year  in  which  the 
old  statutes  continued  to  be  in  force  (see  table  on  previous  page). 
Where  no  sum  is  attached  to  an  item,  it  may  be  understood  that  no 
payment  was  made  to  that  member  of  the  Foundation  under  this  head. 

I  have  thought  it  desirable  to  give,  at  some  length,  these  explana- 
tions of  the  finances  of  the  College,  while  it  was  governed  by  the 
original  Statutes,  and  either  these  explanations  may  be  regarded  as 
information  preliminary  to  the  documents  which  follow,  or  the 
documents,  which  have  in  some  respects  an  unique  interest, 
especially  with  regard  to  the  history  of  the  distribution  of  fines, 
may  be  regarded  as  illustrations  of  the  preceding  account. 

Document  i.     (Copy  in  Fulman's  handwriting.) 

The  arbitrament  of  the  right  honourable  Lords,  the  Earle  of 
Essex  and  the  Lord  Buckhurst,  betweene  the  president  and  fellowes 
of  Corpus  Christi  Colledge  in  Oxon. 

Junii  1 8.     1593.     At  Nonesuch. 

In  a  controversie  betweene  Mr  Doctor  Cole  president  and  the 
fellowes  of  Corpus  Christi  Colledge  in  Oxeford,  touching  the  fines 
of  leases  and  copy  holde  landes  of  the  said  Colledge,  to  whom  they 
shall  justly  appertaine  (Forasmuch  as  the  fellowes  have  charged  the 
said  president  of  great  wronge  done  to  the  Colledge  by  converting 
the  fines  of  copy  holdes  to  his  owne  private  use),  the  matter  being 
heard  and  examined  by  the  rt.  hon.  Lordes,  the  Earle  of  Essex  and 
the  Lord  Buckhurst,  and  both  parties  submitting  themselves  to  the 
arbitrement  of  the  said  Lords,  it  is  awarded  and  agreed  as  followeth  : 

1.  Of  the  fines  of  copy  hold  landes  the  president  to  have  a  sixt 
part,  and  the  colledge  the  other  five. 

2.  Of  the  fines  of  the  leases,  the  colledge  to  have  a  tenth  part, 
and  the  fellowes  the  other  nine,  allowing  to  the  president  out  of  that 
as  much  as  two  fellowes. 

3.  One  of  the  fellowes,  chosen  by  the  major  part,  to  go  with  the 
president  and  to  joine  with  him  as  well  in  surveiing  as  letting  of 
the  colledge  land  holden  by  copy. 

Provided  alwaies  these  aforesaid  orders  and  agreement  do  not 
prejudice  any  right  or  title  that  the  colledge,  president,  or  fellowes 
shall  or  may  at  any  time  hereafter  find  just  occasion  to  challenge, 


344  REYNOLDS'  LETTER  OF  APPEAL, 

but  that  it  be  so  understood  as  an  agreement  and  conclusion  of 
arbitrement,  put  downe  by  the  Lordes,  and  assented  unto  by  the 
said  president  and  fellowes  testifieing  their  accord  by  their  owne 
handwritinges.  And  moreover,  if  the  said  president  be  found  and 
detected,  contrary  to  the  meaning  of  the  said  agreement,  to  take 
any  further  gaine  underhand  for  such  fines  of  leases  or  coppyhold 
landes,  that  then  all  such  gaines  shall  be  challenged  by  the  fellowes 
in  the  colledge  behalfe  and  theirs,  and  yeelded  by  the  said  president. 
Essex.  T.  Buckurst. 

William  Cole  president,  followed  by  the  signatures  of  seventeen 
fellows,  probably  all  the  actual  fellows,  including  Zachary  Hooker, 
John  Spencer  and  Sebastian  Benfield. 

Document  2.  A  copy  of  Dr.  Raynolds  (President  of  C.  C.  C.) 
letter  of  Appeal  to  the  Bp.  of  Winchester,  touching  the  fines  in 
C.  C.  C.  Oxon. 

Right  Reverend,  my  humble  duty  remembred.  Unlesse  our 
worthy  founder,  your  predecessor  of  blessed  memory,  had  both 
wisely  foreseen  that  there  might  fall  out  a  difference  of  opinions 
between  the  President  and  the  Fellows,  about  the  true  meaning  of 
somewhat  in  our  statutes,  and  ordeyned  accordingly  that  we  should 
request  your  Lordship's  interpretation  of  such  points  in  question, 
binding  us  to  submitt  ourselves  thereto,  it  would  grieve  me  more 
that  I  am  occasioned  to  dissent  from  them,  tho  in  a  matter  touching 
all  their  own  commodity,  and  therefore  giving  me  the  juster  cause  to 
have  their  conceipts  suspected.  But  since  the  thing  I  stand  for  is 
against  my  own  private  proffitt  too,  so  that  I  am  forced  in  a  sort  to 
dissent  from  myselfe  also,  and  not  from  them  alone,  I  hope  your  grave 
judgement  will  acquitt  and  clear  me  from  note  of  just  blame,  account- 
ing my  dissention  (as  in  truth  it  doth)  to  spring  from  care  of  duty  that 
I  owe  to  God,  the  witnesse  of  my  thoughts  and  respects  herein. 

The  Parcell  (part)  of  my  oth,  whereupon  our  doubts  do  arise,  is 
this  :  omnia  et  singula  bona  et  catalla  dicti  collegii  in  commodum  et 
utilitatem  ejusdem  Sociorum1  et  Discipulorum  praedictorum,  prout 
necessitas  evidens  exegerit,  et  statuta  et  ordinationes  praedicti 
Reverendi  Patris  Fundatoris  in  hac  parte  dictaverint,  administrabo 
procuraboque,  et  faciam  utiliter  et  fideliter  dispensari  et  in  omnibus 
administrari ;  et  ea  quas  residua  fuerint  et  excreverint  in  quadam 

1  In  the  original  copy  of  the  Statutes  signed  by  the  Founder,  the  word  is 
•'  Sociorumyw*.' 


OBJECTIONS  TO   THE  AWARD.  345 

cista  ad  hoc  ordinata  conservabo,  et  faciam  ad  incrementum  dicti 
Collegii  et  commodum  fideliter  conservari.  For,  whereas,  by  the 
last  agreement  made  between  my  predecessor  and  the  Fellows,  it 
was  ordered  that  of  fines  for  leases  there  should  nine  parts  be 
divided  among  the  fellows  with  the  President,  the  loth  allotted  to 
the  college,  and  Fines  for  copyholds  should  be  divided  into  6  parts, 
whereof  the  President  to  have  one,  the  College  the  other  five,  This 
(without  any  offence  of  those  noble  Personages,  who  in  their  Arbitri- 
ment  did,  with  a  most  honorable  and  safe  regard  of  justice,  leave 
liberty  so  to  doe  by  a  speciall  proviso)  I  think  that  clause  of  mine 
oth  bindeth  me  in  conscience  not  to  yeeld  unto. 

First  of  all,  because  it  manifestly  intendeth  I  shud  take  care  there 
might  be  residua  et  excrescentia  (as  our  statutes  shew  further)  to  be 
carried  into  the  tower  at  the  end  of  the  year,  for  purchasing  of  more 
lands  if  need  be  and  bearing  the  charge  of  suits  in  law.  Wherefore, 
since  the  last  year  there  was  nothing  left  to  be  carried  thither,  while 
yet  the  Fines  for  leases  grew  near  to  ^500,  so  as  the  College  had 
^£50  thereof;  well  nigh,  as  our  accounts  testify,  and  above  the 
same  sum  it  had  for  fines  of  copyholds l ;  nor  the  former  year  neither, 
when  fines  belike,  of  the  one  sort  especially,  were  great,  tho  not  so 
great  as  the  last  year :  nay  the  former  so  much  was  spent  above  the 
revenues  that  this  year  there  remaineth  almost  ^30  to  be  substracted 
from  our  receipts  for  the  discharging  thereof  and  making  all  even. 
It  seemeth  that  this  year,  in  which  it  is  not  probable  that  there  will 
be  received  so  much  for  fines  of  either  sort  as  was  the  last,  there 
must  more  than  a  tenth  part  of  leases  in  all  reason  come  to  the 
College's  part,  to  the  intent  that  somewhat  may  remaine  to  be  layd 
up  for  the  publick  benefitt  and  behoof  of  the  College,  all  expences 
discharged. 

Secondly.  For  that,  altho  2  thirds  or  halfe  or  less  peradventure  of 
the  fines  would  serve  sufficiently  such  common  use  as  our  Founder 

1  It  is  very  difficult  to  reconcile  this  statement,  which  refers  to  the  year  1597-8, 
with  the  accounts  in  the  Liber  Magnus,  and  similarly  with  regard  to  the  previous 
year.  The  sum  total  in  the  Cista  finium,  which,  besides  fines,  included  sales  of 
timber  and  underwood,  and  other  wind-falls,  amounted,  for  the  financial  year 
1597-8,  only  to  £22$  i-js.  \i\d.  But,  if  the  award  of  Lords  Essex  and  Buckhurst 
had  been  adhered  to,  the  College  ought,  according  to  Reynolds'  statement,  to  have 
received  for  fines  alone  •&  of  ^500  (  =  50)  +  f  of  ^500  (=416!)  =  £466  13^.  4^- 
It  seems  pretty  clear,  therefore,  that  the  award  of  1 593  was  not  adhered  to,  and 
that  part  of  the  sum  which  ought  to  have  come  to  the  College  stuck  to  the  fingers 
of  individual  members  of  the  foundation. 


346       ALLOWANCES  FOR  COMMONS  INCREASED. 

specifyeth,  the  first  and  chiefest  point,  which  there  my  oth  implyeth, 
it  mentioneth  afterward,  that  they  shud  be  disposed  to  the  commodity 
both  of  the  Fellows  and  Scholars  ;  not  of  the  President  and  Fellows 
only,  but  of  the  Scholars1  too,  according  to  the  prsescript  of  the 
Founder's  Statutes.  His  statutes  doe  provide  for  all  these  in 
common  by  severall  proportions,  diet,  wages,  and  liverys.  The 
charge  of  diett  is  so  much  increased  since  his  time  (a  mutton,  for 
examples  sake,  which  then  cost  2s  grown  now  to  ios  or  more)  that 
each  shud  have  little  of  that  our  Founder  mentions,  unlesse  in 
change  of  prices  that  which  then  cost  a  penny  might  be  allowed 
four  scholars,  tho  now  it  cost  5d  or  6d,  and  likewise  others  for  that 
rate.  Whereupon,  our  Ancestors  observing  our  Founders  words 
[Volumus  semper  nostris  esse  quod  satisfaciat]  allowed  (so  far  as 
they  saw  the  worth  of  our  Lands  increasing  also  would  maintain) 
that  quantity  of  meat  to  every  one2  which  he  did,  even  before  the 
Statute  of  Corn  Rent  was  made,  whereby  her  Majestys  gracious 
goodnesse  to  our  College  hath  now  supplyed  those  wants  better.  It 
may  be  that  our  Lands,  being  well  husbanded,  would  in  time  inable 
us  likewise  to  yield,  that  wages  to  buy  necessarys  and  mony  given 
for  liverys  might  be  encreased  likewise  proportionably  to  all,  as  our 
duty  is.  But  our  Founders  Volumus  alleged,  touching  that,  re- 
quireth  us  to  extend  it  to  those  the  mean  while  as  we  may  to  all, 
not  to  the  Fellows  and  President  alone,  which  is  plain  by  that  he 

1  The  word  '  Scholars '  is  here  used  in  the  modern  sense,  as  =  the  '  Discipuli ' 
not  the  '  Scholares  ad  bienninm  probationis '  of  the  Old  Statutes.     It  may  be 
noticed  that,  in  the  printed  copy  of  the  Old  Statutes  published  by  the  Oxford 
Commissioners  in  1853,  the  words  '  et  Discipulorum '  do  not  occur,  but  there  is  no 
doubt  as  to  their  being  included  in  the  Original  Statutes  signed  by  the  Founder, 
the  exact  words  being  '  ejusdem  Sociorumque  et  Discipulorum  prsedictorum.' 

2  That  the  allowance  for  '  Commons '  increased  as  prices  went  up  is  plain  from 
a  comparison  of  the  charges  for  '  convictus '  in  the  Libri  Magni.     Thus,  in  the 
first  Liber  Magnus  preserved,  that  for  1520-1,  the  charge  for  '  convictus  per  totum 
annum '  is  £75  7.?.  id.,  though,  perhaps,  at  this  time  the  College  had  not  yet  its 
full  complement  of  members.      In  the  next  in  date,  that  for  1525-6,  the  charge  is 
£96  isj.  \\%d.    In  1533-4,  it  is  £128  7*.  n^/.    In  1554-5,  it;  is  £*43  ^  7*^-  : 
in  1559-60,  £177  12s.  %\d.;  in  1575-6,  the  year  in  which  the  Act  of  the  i8th  of 
Elisabeth  was  passed,  £211  4*.  id. ;   in  1585-6,  £210  I2s.  2\d.,  no  change  in  the 
allowances,  probably,  having  been  made  during  this  decade,  or  indeed  till  the 
year  1596-7,  when  it  suddenly  rises  to  £294  3-f.  6£</.,  after  which  and  the  following 
year  it  declines.     In  1591-2,  there  is,  for  the  first  time,  the  entry  '  pro  convictu 
studentium  ampliore,'  but  the  sum,  thus  accounted  for,  is  only  £i  i  1 1 s.  o\d.     On 
this  item,  however,  on  the  corn-rents  generally,  and  on  the  objects  to  which  they 
were    assigned,    I   have   already   spoken   in   the   introductory   remarks  to   these 
documents. 


CLAIMS  OF  SCHOLARS  AND  SERVANTS.          347 

willeth  [Si  quis  negligens  sit,  ut  detrita  utatur  veste  et  sordida,  cogatur 
ex  suo  stipendio  et  pretio  vestis  emere  sibi  vestem  suae  personae  con- 
gruam  et  decentem  &c.]  For  (?if)  a  Mr.  of  Art  being  but  a  Scholar 
(in  our  Founders  opposition  of  scholars  unto  fellows)  or  Probationer 
offend  in  wanting  a  decent  gown  and  hood,  we  cannot  constrain 
him  to  buy  a  decent  one  ex  pretio  vestis,  yt  is  but  13"  4d,  scarce 
ex  stipendio  neither,  if  stipendium  mean  not  the  same  that  pretium 
vestis,  but  his  wages  rather,  tho  26s  8d  his  wages  for  the  whole  year 
be  added  thereunto  and  nothing  left  him  to  buy  ought  else,  noe  not 
to  pay  for  his  battles.  Wherefore,  since  for  my  own  part  I  see  not 
how  I  may  take  a  penny  of  the  College  Goods  more  than  my  £10 
wages,  four  nobles  for  Living,  unless  it  be  upon  this  ground  of 
voluntas  Legislatoris,  the  volumus  of  our  Founder,  which  he  other- 
wise expresseth  by  the  word  Intentio,  saying  nolentes  quod  per 
aliquam  consuetudinem  abusum  vel  actum  aliquem  quemcunque 
intentioni  aut  verbis  ipsorum  Statutorum  nostrorum  et  ordinationum 
in  aliquo  derogetur ;  the  oth  in  my  opinion  bindeth  me  to  see  that 
our  scholars  alsoe  towards  the  mending  of  their  wages  and  Liverys 
have  part  of  fines  proportionably,  so  far  as  we  are  able  to  supply  the 
mesure  of  that  our  Founder  intended. 

Thirdly.  The  same  reason  by  consequent  inforceth  like  regard 
to  be  had  of  Ministri  Sacelli  et  famuli  Collegii,  tho  not  expressly 
mentioned  as  Socii  et  Discipuli,  because  our  Statute  of  Liverys  con- 
cerneth  them  as  well  as  others.  Nay  our  Founder  this  way  seemeth 
to  have  had  more  regard  of  the  servants  than  of  any  of  us  ;  forasmuch 
as,  appointing  in  what  degrees  our  public  burthens  shud  decreas,  if 
our  goods  and  revenues  decrease,  which  God  forbid,  he  sayeth  [Si 
major  adhuc  urgeat  necessitas,  vestes  Presidentis  et  Sociorum  ac 
caeterorum  quorumcunque  nostri  Collegii,  etiam  famulorum,  si  ea  con- 
ditione  vel  ipsi  vel  alii  conduci  possint,  per  nos  concessse  et  designate 
vel  integre  vel  quantum  necessitas  Collegii  tune  postulaveritauferentur]. 
Howbeit,  seeing  otherwise  he  sheweth  not  like  affection  to  these  as 
to  fellows  and  scholars,  but  termeth  both  ministros  et  famulos  con- 
ductitios,  and  thereupon  sayth  of  their  wages  Quod  si  Prsesidens  cum 
aliquo  istorum  conductitiorum  minoris  quam  assignavimus  convenire 
poterit,  id  ei  licere  decernimus  et  declaramus  :  where  contrarywise 
he  esteemed  the  scholars  as  his  children,  and  counteth  not  their 
wages  as  hire  or  price  of  service,  noe  more  than  he  doth  the  fellows, 
nor  suffereth  either  in  like  sort  to  be  diminished.  I  suppose  the 
proportion,  which  before  I  mentioned,  according  to  our  Founders 


348  FARMS  FORMERLY  LET  STOCKED. 

meaning  and  intent  alloweth  lesser  rate  of  increase  to  them  than  it 
doth  to  others,  and  that 1  like  circumstances  are  to  be  con- 

sidered with  the  same  consequences 2,  it  ought  perhaps  concerning 
any  of  the  former  be  either  in  the  statutes  quoted 2,  or  else  where 
semblably  observed. 

Now  against  these  reasons  persuading  me,  that  I  may  not  assent 
to  such  dividing  of  fines  as  late  was  used,  two  things  are  opposed, 
i,  The  one,  that  fines  are  not  meant  in  our  Founders  words  [omnia 
et  singula  bona  et  catalla  dicti  Collegii] ;  2,  the  other,  that  by 
custome  the  President  and  Fellows  alone  have  enjoyed  them.  The 
former  of  which  two,  if  I  cud  think  it  true,  were  much  for  my  good, 
or  for  my  wealth  rather,  for  then  I  might  challenge  to  myself  the 
whole  fines  for  copyholds 3,  or  take  as  much  at  least  (the  noblemens 
arbitriment  not  binding  me  to  the  contrary)  as  by  secret  contract  I 
cud  any  way  gett ;  yea,  beside  the  6th  part  of  that  which  openly  the 
Fellow  keeping  court  with  me  shud  agree  of  as  a  moderate  fine  fitt 
for  the  college  to  take.  And  in  fines  for  leases  I  might  receive  like- 
wise underhand  as  much  besides  the  two  parts  I  have  by  agreement 
with  the  Fellows,  as  my  negative  voyce  being  if  not  greater  yet  equall 
force  with  their  negative4,  would  profit  the  Tenants  to  give  me. 
But  allbeit  fines  perhaps  were  not  taken  in  our  Founders  time,  I 
say  perhaps,  because  it  may  be  they  were  at  least  for  copyholds, 
which  are  more  easily  rented,  and  what  if  ancient  court  rolls  prove 
it,  as  indeed  they  doe  ?  but  tho  for  leases  they  were  not  taken  in  his 
time,  when  Farmes  were  lett  stock'd  with  corn  and  with  catell,  as 
his  words  insinuate 5,  and  glad,  as  I  have  heard,  if  so  they  might  find 

1  There  is  a  blank  space  left  between  '  that '  and  '  like,'  as  if  the  copyist  could 
not  make  out  the  intervening  word.  If  it  could  be  supplied,  we  might  perhaps  be 
able  to  construe  this  involved  sentence. 

3  At  these  two  places  there  is  a  comma  in  the  copy. 

3  As  Bocher  and  Greneway,  and  probably  Anyan  afterwards,  seem  to  have  done. 
Cp.  the  Visitor's  reply  to  this  letter. 

4  Shewing  that,  at  least  in  renewal  of  leases,  if  not  in  other  matters,  the  President 
claimed  a  veto,  concurrent  with  that  of  the  Seniors  or,  in  certain  cases,  whole  body 
of  Fellows. 

s  Reynolds'  statement  about  Farms  being  '  lett  stock'd '  &c.  will  be  noted  with 
interest,  but  I  can  find  no  passage  in  the  Founder's  Statutes  in  which  such  a 
custom  seems  to  be  '  insinuated."  If  Reynolds'  account  be  accurate,  and  it  seems 
to  rest  on  hearsay  from  people  of  that  time  as  well  as  the  supposed  insinuation  in 
the  Founder's  statutes,  this  quasi-metayer  system  must  have  prevailed  amongst  the 
tenants  of  Corpus  at  a  later  period  than  was  common  in  England.  It  seems,  if  not 
first  to  have  come  into  existence,  at  least  first  to  have  become  common,  in  the 
middle  of  the  I4th  century,  after  the  Great  Plague,  and  to  have  continued  to  the 


FINES  THE  PROPERTY  OF  THE  COLLEGE.   349 

tenants',  yett  as  the  profitt  arising  by  stock  in  such  letting  were 
reconned  inter  redditus  et  proventus  collegii,  so  when,  the  worth  of 
land  increasing,  they  were  lett  otherwise,  and  fines,  with  lesse  hazard 
of  change  and  more  commodiousnesse,  were  had  instead  thereof, 
they  must  be  reconned  likewise  proventus  collegii  in  my  judgment, 
chiefly  since  our  Founder  accounteth  reditus  Collegii  not  only  those 
which  came  from  Lands  that  were  given  by  himself  or  others,  but 
also  which  should  be  afterwards  procured  and  gotten  de  bonis  ejus- 
dem,  as  fines  playnly  are  by  letting  the  college  lands.  And  of  all 
such  reditus,  proventus,  possessiones,  bona  mobilia  et  immobilia, 
whatsoever  is  ment  by  chattells  mentioned  in  my  oth ;  he  sayth  if 
they  suffice  not  to  bear  all  the  burthens  expressed  in  the  statutes, 
then  such  and  such  allowances  shall  be  withdrawn  from  the  company, 
yea  at  length  the  number  of  scholars  be  deminished,  ascending  from 
the  Junior  even  to  the  Senior,  all,  if  need  be,  and  afterward  the 
probationers  also,  with  some  of  the  fellows  to  the  number  of  8,  so 
that,  if  fines  be  not  comprised  intra  omnia  et  singula  bona  Collegii, 
the  President  and  a  few  fellows  may  live  well  in  a  good  state  and 
plenty,  when  in  the  mean  season  the  College  shall  goe  to  rack  and 
ruin,  the  company  most  cast  out  and  deprived  of  all  benefitt,  a  thing 
absurd  in  my  eyes.  Add  hereto  the  judgement  of  our  predecessors 
confirmed  by  perpetuall  practice  till  this  day.  For  a  chest,  which 
they  had  under  the  Presidents  and  Bursars  custody  call'd  cista 
Finium2,  doth  evidently  argue  that  fines,  the  principall  kind  of 

extraordinary  receipts,  which  came  in  then  and  by  that  occasion 

% 

middle  of  the  isth  century,  though,  no  doubt,  in  some  parts  of  the  country,  it 
lasted  later.  Professor  Rogers  (History  of  Agriculture  and  Prices,  vol.  i.  pp.  24,  5) 
thus  describes  the  system  :  '  The  stock  was  let  on  the  land,  either  in  whole  or 
part,  the  rents  being  in  money  or  corn.  The  tenant,  on  the  expiry  of  his  lease, 
was  bound  to  return  the  same  amount  of  seed  corn  and  of  live  and  dead  stock  as  he 
received,  or  their  estimated  value.'  Elsewhere  (vol.  iv.  p.  i)  he  says :  '  The  system 
of  stock  and  land  tenure  rarely  continues  for  more  than  60  years  after  it  is  first 
introduced  on  any  particular  estate.'  On  the  subject  generally,  see  Professor 
Rogers'  History  of  Prices,  vol.  i.  pp.  24,  5,  and  667-77  (c^-  2^)  5  iv.  pp.  i,  2  : 
and  Pollock's  Land  Laws,  2nd  ed.,  pp.  136,  7,  where  the  author  seems  to  be 
referring  to  an  earlier  period. 

1  '  I  infer  from  such  facts '  (liberal  allowances  for  losses,  &c. ),  '  as  I  do  from  the 
persistently  low  rents  of  the  i6th  century,  that  it  was  easier  for  a  tenant  to  find 
a  landlord,  than  for  a  landlord  to  find  a  tenant.'     Rogers,  vol.  iv.  p.  63. 

2  The  first  of  the  Libri  Magni,  in  which  I  find  any  mention  of  a  Cista  Finium, 
is  that  for  1585-6,  but  evidently  it  existed  before  this  time  (see  Text).     Besides 
a  share  of  the  fines,  it  also  included,  in  whole  or  in  part,  the  proceeds  of  timber- 
sales  and  other  wind-falls. 


350  HISTORY  OF  DISTRIBUTION  OF  FINES. 

gave  the  chest  this  name,  did  in  their  opinion  belong  to  the  college. 
And  when  in  Ur  Cole's  time,  some  25  years  since,  we  shewed  him 
that,  by  statute,  the  mony  layd  in  there  shud  be  payd  the  Bursars, 
and  that  within  2  days  still  after  the  return  from  progresse,  whereas 
before  that  time  (how  long  we  know  not)  but  under  him  and  Mr 
Greenway  the  President  receiving1  fines,  heryotts,  mony  for  wood 
sales,  &c.,  did  after  his  return,  when  he  thought  convenient,  will  the 
Bursars  to  bring  him  the  fine  book  (so  he  termed  it),  and,  writing  in 
the  fine  book  the  sums  which  he  acknowledged  that  he  had  received, 
did  putt  the  mony  into  the  chest,  delivering  them  the  chest  locked : 
he  yeilding  thereto,  the  officers  with  him  in  the2  order  taken 

for  all  such  receipts  retayned  the  former  name,  calling  the  Indenture 
appointed  to  that  use  Indentura  pro  cista  Finium,  the  receipts 
recepta  pro  cista  Finium,  the  charges  therein  supported  expensa  pro 
cista  finium,  and  after  the  same  sort  for  the  names  of  things 

untill  this  present  we  doe  as  appeareth  by  our  accounts. 

The  other  objection  touching  custom  suffereth  that  reply  which, 
when  Apollo's  oracle  answered  the  Athenians,  Religiones  eas  esse 
tenendas,  quae  essent  in  more  majorum,  they  were  fayn  to  make, 
saying  Morem  Majorum  esse  saepe  mutatum.  And  in  what  sense  by 
Law  Consuetude  is  optima  Legum  interpres,  the  custom  neerest  our 
Founders  time  the  Lawmakers  confirmeth  that  the  fines  for  leases 
are  the  Colleges:  For  amongst  the  ist  records3,  I  find  records 
thereof  after  certain  years,  in  which  there  is  noe  mention  of  ought 
imparted  thence  to  others,  at  length  sometimes  is  noted  how  much 
beside  the  fine  the  tenants  gave  for  sealing  mony.  And  this  name 
of  sealing  mony  yt  reteyned,  which  the  fellows  covenanted  to  have 
for  themselves4,  yelding  the  President  2  parts  in  it  (the  fine  still  being 
due  and  acknowledged  all  due  unto  the  College,  to  which  the  fine 
book  and  indentures  pro  cista  finium  shew  it  was  payd)  untill  about 
20  years  since  or  somewhat  less,  when  certain  leases  being  renued 
by  the  Statutes  of  the  Relme  did  bring  in  increase  of  rent  corn,  the 
commodity  whereof  the  College  had  by  our  agreement5,  because 

1  It  is  plain  from  this  statement  that  the  President  received  the  fines  &c.  in 
person.     Hence   the   opportunity   for   peculation   with  which   four   of  the  early 
Presidents,  rightly  or  wrongly,  are  charged. 

2  Here,  and  again  presently,  small  blanks  are  left  in  the  copy. 

3  The  records,  to  which  Reynolds  is  here  alluding,  are  not  extant. 

4  The  consent  of  the  whole  body  of  Fellows  was  necessary  to  affixing  the  seal. 
See  Statutes,  ch.  43. 

5  The  meaning  of  this  involved  sentence  is  that  the  new  corn-rents  relieved 
the   College   from    the   necessity   of   gradually   augmenting    the   allowances   for 


THE   VISITOR'S  ANSWER.  351 

it  (i.e.  the  College)  defrayed  the  decrements1  before,  which  now 
this  ought  to  do,  we  thought  that  in  Leu  to  recompense  hereof  (since 
the  Parliament's  purpose  was  to  better  our  state)  we  might  lawfully 
take  part  of  the  fine  for  ourselves,  and  so  in  processe  of  time  making 
sealing  mony  and  it  all  one  took  help  thereof,  not  marking  that  by 
the  reason  which  moved  us  thereto  the  Scholars  shud  have  had  their 
part  proportionably,  as  well  as  the  Fellows  :  seeing  that  the  said 
statute  of  the  realme2  willeth  that  mony  coming  of  the  increase  of 
rent  corne  to  be  expended  to  the  use  of  the  reliefs  of  the  commons 
and  diett  of  the  College,  and  by  nor  fraud  nor  color  lett  nor  sold 
away  from  the  profitt  of  the  fellows  and  scholars  in  the  same.  Here, 
by  little  and  little  afterward,  the  custom  of  taking  the  whole  fines 
except  the  College  sixth  part  did  spring  some  six  or  7  years  agoe  or 
little  more.  Sure  n  years  since,  when  myselfe  was  fellow,  it  was 
not  a  custom ;  which  yett,  as  new  as  it  is  and  disagreable  to  reason, 
I  would  uphold  gladly  (so  loth  I  am  to  innovat  chiefly  with  their 
dislike,  whose  love  I  greatly  wish),  were  it  not  that  our  Founders 
Statutes  (which  mine  oth  doth  bind  me  to  observe)  ordeyned  that  noe 
custom  shud  derogate  from  the  meaning  of  the  statutes  in  any  thing. 
(The  rest  of  the  letter  is  unimportant  for  the  present  purpose.) 
Dated  at  C.  C.  C.  in  Oxon,  the  yth  of  August  1599. 

Document  3. 

An  answer  of  the  Bp.  of  Winton  to  the  foregoing  letter  of  Dr. 
Reynolds. 

To  my  loving  friends  the  President  and  Fellows  of  Cor.  Xti  Coll. 
in  Oxford.  Salutem  et  gratiam  in  omnium  Salvatore.  Where  you 
consulted  me  about  the  pitching  of  fines  for  leases  of  farms  and 
grants  of  copyhold  land  belonging  to  your  College,  and  dividing  the 
same  to  uses  publick  and  private :  I  have  entred  into .  the  con- 
sideration thereof  and  find  the  order,  which  I  now  sett  down  and 
require  you  to  observe,  to  be  most  agreable  not  only  with  Law  and 
Reason,  but  also  with  the  intention  and  ordinances  of  your  Founder. 

Commons,  and  hence  a  portion  of  the  Fines,  which  formerly  went  to  the  '  Cista 
Finium  '  for  the  common  uses  of  the  College,  was  set  free  for  distribution  amongst 
the  President  and  Fellows  ;  but  Reynolds  contends  that  the  other  members  of  the 
Foundation  ought  also  to  have  had  the  advantage  of  it. 

1  See  further  on,  p.  354. 

2  The  reference,  of  course,  is  to  the  i8th  of  Eliz.  ch.  6,  a  portion  of  which  is 
printed  in  Dr.  Griffiths'  Enactments  in  Parliament,  Oxford,  Clarendon  Press,  1869. 
The  words  which  follow  are  quoted  from  the  Statute  itself. 


352       VISITOR'S  DECREES  RESPECTING  FINES. 

i  st.  In  all  your  publick  and  collegia!  assemblys  for  any  such 
purpose,  you  shall,  with  the  common  consent  of  the  President  for 
the  time  being1  and  the  most  part  of  the  Fellows  interessed  in  the 
sealing  of  such  grants,  appoint  and  sett  a  fine  to  the  use  of  the 
college,  which  being  so  collegiately  agreed  on  must  be  counted  Inter 
debita  and  so  Inter  bona  Collegii,  and  not  converted  or  divided  to 
any  private  mens  uses,  but  only  to  such  publick  purposes  as  the 
rest  of  your  college  goods  by  your  statutes  are  and  ought  to  be. — 
Yett  weighing  the  different  prices  of  things  in  our  time  from  that 
wherein  your  Founder  lived,  and  the  convenient  maintenance  of 
your  places  and  studys,  which  your  Founder  with  his  allowances 
intended  to  support  in  some  proportion,  I  doe  not  by  this  forbid  but 
that  as  well  the  President  as  the  Fellows  may  privately  expect  and 
receive  from  such  as  renewe  their  Leases  moderate  gratifications 
before  you  scale  their  Grants,  so  as  you  neither  decrease  your  common 
fine  too  much,  nor  wring  your  Tenants  in  such  sort  for  your  private 
gain  that  it  grow  offensive  to  the  State  and  slanderous  to  your 
College  :  in  either  of  which  cases  your  private  demands  and  desires 
may  and  will  be  restrained  and  punished.  2ndly.  For  copyhold 
Lands,  I  thinke  it  great  reason  that  the  President  alone,  who  is  the 
perpetuall  governor  of  such  Tenants  and  Tenures,  shud  have  the 
choice  of  the  Persons  to  whom  such  grants  shall  be  made,  the  fine 
thereof  to  be  reasonably  rated  with  the  consent  of  the  Fellows2 
whom  the  rest  appoint  for  the  time  to  ride  the  circuit  with  the 
President.  And  the  Fine  so  rated  with  both  their  consents,  and 
entred  on  the  court-rolls,  to  be,  as  the  former  is,  accounted  inter 
debita  and  so  inter  bona  Collegii,  and  not  to  be  converted  or  divided 
to  any  private  uses,  but  only  to  the  publick  good  of  the  College. 
And  in  case  they  who  have  interest  therein  dissent  about  the 
reasonable  and  moderat  taxation  of  fines,  either  of  leases  or  copy- 
holds, to  the  colleges  use,  if  they  cannot  accord  in  convenient  time 
(which  I  rather  wish  and  advise),  it  shall  be  lawfull  either  for  the 
President  or  for  the  Fellows,  with  the  knowledge  of  either  part,  to 
consult  the  Bp.  of  Winchester  for  the  time  being,  lest  by  the  con- 
tinuall  disagreement  and  contention  the  publick  state  of  your  college 
shud  be  decayed,  the  courses  of  your  studys  hindered,  and  the  best 

1  Probably  the  consent  both  of  the  President  and  of  a  majority  of  the  Fellows 
would  be  necessary  to  the  setting  of  these  fines. 

2  ?  as  to  whether  the  s  in  Fellows  is  not  erased.     See  the  award  of  Lords  Essex 
and  Buckhurst. 


HIS  PRIVATE  ADVICE.  353 

of  your  Lands  and  livings  layed  open  to  the  spoil  of  such  as  will 
easily  seeke  after  them.  So  wishing  you  peace  and  concord,  as  one 
of  the  best  treasures  that  can  maintain  and  uphold  your  foundation, 
I  committ  you  to  God.  From  my  house  at  Waltham  this  first  of 
October  (1599,  the  date  of  Reynolds'  letter). 

Your  loving  Friend  and  Well-wilier 

THO.  WINTON.  (Bp.  Bilson.) 

Document  4.  The  Summe  of  the  Bishop  of  Winchesters  answer 
delivered  unto  me  by  word  of  mouth,  Septemb.  2,  touching  our 
doubtes  of  statute  referred  to  his  judgement. 

1.  that  the  fines  agreed  upon  collegiately  are  the  goodes  of  the 
College. 

2.  that  the  custom  of  dividing  them,  as  of  late  they  were,  the 
College  to  have  the  loth  parte,  he  marvelleth  whence  it  sprunge, 
and  seeth  not  how  it  may  be  warranted. 

3.  that  we  must  moderate  the  fines  which  we  soe  agree  on,  lest 
the  publick  state  of  the  college  grow  to  (too)  wealthye ;  and  that  the 
president  in  private  may  agree  for  himselfe,  the  fellows  for  them 
selves,  what  the  tenants  shall  give  them  beside  the  fine.     But  this 
to  be  kept  to  ourselves  as  a  secret  \ 

4.  that  ther  is  another  statute,  as  he  observed   in  reading  over 
my  letters,  whereby  the  Schollers  and  Servants  may  be  relieved. 

Jo.  RAINOLDS. 

This  document  is  endorsed  1600.  Sept.  2.  If  this  date  be  the 
correct  one  (but  ?),  it  would  seem  as  if  the  Visitor's  decision  had 
not  settled  the  matter,  and  indeed  there  are  indications  in  the 
subsequent  papers  that  some  of  the  points  were  raised  again.  But 
the  notes  of  the  conversation  seem  to  fit  in  best  with  the  supposition 
that  the  interview  took  place  previously  to  the  decision,  as  recorded 
above,  which  can  hardly  have  been  delayed  till  Oct.  i,  1600.  In 
that  case,  the  date  both  of  the  conversation  and  of  Bp.  Bilson's 
letter  would  be  1599.  There  follow  other  papers,  including  a  draft 
copy  of  the  case  of  the  Fellows,  but  they  are  of  less  interest  than 
those  just  extracted,  and  would  unduly  swell  this  part  of  my  volume. 
A  long  letter  from  the  Visitor  to  the  President  and  Fellows,  dated 
January  16,  1601  (160^),  seems  to  presuppose  some  injunction  or 

1  Possibly,  or  even  probably,  the  Visitor  here  had  in  view  the  spoilers  to  whom 
he  alludes  in  his  letter,  and  the  secret  was  to  be  kept  from  the  public  rather  than 
from  their  colleagues. 

A  a 


354  MEANING  OF  'DECREMENTS.' 

advice  between  the  decision  of  Oct.  i,  1599  and  the  date  of  this 
letter.  Two  passages,  having  reference  to  the  questions  already 
discussed,  may  be  quoted  from  it,  as  of  special  importance : — 

i st.  'In  the  dividing  of  fines,  or  part  thereof,  according  to  the 
proportion  of  the  wages  and  liveries  mentioned  in  your  Statutes, 
I  meant  wages  and  liveries  allowed  to  each  one  as  being  a  fellowe, 
not  as  being  a  Reader ;  for  soe  muche  as  every  mans  consent  as  a 
fellowe,  not  as  a  Reader,  giveth  him  an  interest  in  the  division.' 
This  passage  is  specially  interesting  to  the  College  antiquary,  because 
the  distribution  of  fines  as  amongst  the  Fellows  (i.  e.  exclusive  of  the 
President),  in  the  proportion  of  the  several  statutable  allowances  to 
the  different  grades  of  Fellows,  for  stipends  and  liveries  combined, 
was  maintained  intact  till  the  Original  Statutes  were  abrogated  in 

1855- 

2nd.  '  Lastly,  for  the  sixt  part  of  fines  allotted  to  beare  the  decre- 
ments of  your  College,  which  otherwise  the  fellowes  were  to  discharge 
out  of  their  private  receipts ;  I  meant  by  decrements  all  suche 
publick  charges  of  wood  and  other  provisions  for  diete,  as  the 
Founder  necessarilie  imposeth  on  your  Fellowes  to  bear,  when  they 
amount  above  the  rate  of  his  allowance.'  This  passage  gives  us  an 
idea  of  the  way  in  which  the  word  decrements  was  used  at  this  time. 
Of  course,  it  literally  means  'diminutions'  or  'deductions.'  As  a 
College  term,  it  seems  to  be  used  for  deductions  from  the  money- 
allowances  of  any  member  of  the  foundation,  on  account  of  articles 
of  consumption  not  recognised  as  due  to  him  by  statute  or  custom. 
Thus,  Bp.  Bilson  specifies  wood,  and,  in  the  Libri  Magni  just  before 
this  time  (e.g.  1597-8),  we  find  wood  and  coal  included  in  the 
'decrements'  which  the  Bursars  deducted  from  the  corn-rents1. 
Salt  and  wine,  &c.,  are  also  included.  At  an  earlier  period,  1566-7, 
though  not  under  the  name  of  'decrements,'  we  find  the  Bursars 
paying  ^14  for  spices  (pro  aromaticis  speciebus) ;  similarly,  in 
1567-8,  ^14,  and,  in  1568-9,  £21  os.  Sd.  The  word  'decre- 
ments' has  descended  to  our  own  day,  and  is  still  used,  in  the 
accounts  of  some  Colleges,  to  designate  small  charges  for  vinegar, 
pepper,  salt,  mustard,  &c.,  whether  imposed  on  foundationers  or  non- 
foundationers.  At  Magdalen  it  includes  the  use  of  plate,  and  at 
Merton  the  use  of  crockery  and  articles  employed  for  cleaning  the 
rooms. 

1  In  the  old  Statutes,  ch.  31,  ad  fin.,  only  £4  is  allowed  for  wood  and  coal,  and 
that  is  to  be  consumed  in  the  kitchen. 


355 


B. 

EXTRACTS  FROM  THE  CHAPEL  ACCOUNTS  DURING  THE  TIMES 
OF  RELIGIOUS  CHANGES. 

(The  Libri  Magni  begin  at  the  commencement  of  Michaelmas 
Term  and  are  generally  dated  not,  as  the  Buttery  Books  are,  by  the 
year  in  which  they  begin  but  by  the  year  in  which  they  end,  i.  e.  the 
year  in  which  the  Bursars  made  up  their  accounts. ) 
1546-7.     Ult.  Henr.  VIII,  i  Edw.  VI. 

1  Pro  thure  per  totum  annum.  3s  8d. 

Pro  oleo  sancto.  4(1. 

Pro  filo  ad  emendationem  caparum.  3d. 

Pro  reparationibus  caparum.  i8d. 

Pro  ligatione  Antiphonalis.  7s. 
Id.  7". 

Mulieri  lavanti  xvin  corpores.  i2d. 

Pro  missali.  69  8d. 

Pro  novo  testamento  anglice.  3s. 
?  1547-8,    2  Ed.  VI,    dated   secunda   manu   at   end   of  book2. 

<?  1553-4,  ult.  Edw.  VI,  i  Mar.) 

For  a  boke  off  comen  prayers.  4s  4d. 

To  Galbrand3  for  2  antipho  and  3  grayles  ^3  „  6  „  8. 

For  settynge  uppe  the  altars  and  dressynge  the  church  :  22s  8d. 

For  hears  (i.  e.  candelabra)  for  the  altars.  5". 

For  mending  the  organs  i2d. 

For  frankincense  (bis). 
1547-8,  2  Edw.  VI,  dated  (?  secunda  manu)  on  first  page. 

Pro  emendatione  candalabri  magni  fracti.  3d. 

Pro  thure  per  totum  annum  3s  iod. 

Pro  oleo  sancto.  4d. 

Pro  emendatione  caparum.  7d. 

Lotrici  lavanti  18  corpores  clothes  i2d. 

1  The  items  (which  are,  of  course,  only  selected  where  there  is  something 
noteworthy)  are  given  in  the  order  in  which  they  occur  in  the  books,  i.e.  probably 
the  chronological  order  of  the  payments. 

1  I  give  the  date  as  endorsed  on  the  Book.  But  it  is  evidently  not  the  right  one, 
and,  from  the  order  of  the  payments,  I  think  the  book  must  mark  the  transition 
from  Edw.  VI  to  Mary,  1553-4. 

3  i.  e.  Garbrand  Herks,  a  Dutch  bookseller  in  Oxford. 

A  a  2 


356  CHAPEL  ACCOUNTS  DURING  THE 

1548-9. 

Pro  thure  per  totum  annum.  3"  6d. 

Pro  vino  cretico  25s  2d. 

Pro  oleo  sancto  4d. 

Pro  emendatione  libri  missalis  4d. 
1549-50.     (No  charges  for  frankincense,  holy  oil,  or  the  like.) 

JFor  singyng  breade  (wafers)  4d. 

Several  small  charges  for  mammesey  (Malmesey  wine). 

For  mammesey  from  London  26s  4d. 

For  6  psalters  14". 

For  3  English  psalters  4s. 

For  the  Communion  Table  7*. 
1551-2.     (Book  for  preceding  year  missing.) 

For  synging  bread.  6d. 

For  a  communyon  boke  3s  4d. 

For  singing  bread  5d. 

For  a  nother  (sic)  commen  boke  of  prayers  5s. 

For  6  psalters.  i48. 

For  candells  per  totum  annum  i2d. 

I552-3- 

In  pane  oblativo  in  fest.  natal.  i2d. 

(Charges  for  the  same  object  on  the  Feasts  of  the  Annun- 
ciation, St.  John  the  Baptist,  and  St.  Michael.  There  is  no 
charge  for  'singing-bread'  this  year.  But  may  not  pan. 
obi.  have  been  only  another  name  for  the  same  thing, 
indeed  the  Latin  equivalent  for  '  obleys '  ?) 

For  franck  ensens  (frankincense)  2  pound.  i2d. 

For  a  pound  of  red  wax  7d. 

The  2 1  day  of  July  for  20  gallens  and  a  pynt  of  mamlemesey 

20s  Id. 

The  23  day  of  October,  20  gallens,  a  pottell,  and  a  pynt.  20s  8^d. 
For  a  new  vessell  2o9. 

There  are  large  charges  for  wax  and  making  it  into  candles, 
throughout  this  year. 

1  '  Singing-bread  '  was  the  ordinary  term  for  the  '  wafers '  used  in  '  singing '  (or 
saying)  mass.  It  was  also  employed  for  the  wafers  used  in  sealing,  which  were 
often  of  the  same  kind.  The  wafer-bread  survived  long  after  the  Reformation,  as 
an  alternative  for  the  usual  wheaten  bread,  which  '  sufficeth,'  and,  indeed,  in  the 
Injunctions  of  Queen  Elizabeth  in  1599,  it  is  actually  enjoined.  In  Scudamore's 
Notitia  Eucharistica,  there  is  much  information  on  the  subject  of  the  bread  used  -in 
the  Eucharist.  See  ist  ed.,  pp.  740-6,  749-50  (2nd  ed.,  pp.  845-853,  887-8). 


TIMES  OF  RELIGIOUS  CHANGES.  357 

Pro  oleo  sancto.  4d. 

Pro  vino  cretico  in  termino  Trinitatis.  20*. 

For  6  psalms  in  English  12s. 

For  a  great  Bible  i58  8d. 

For  the  boke  of  Communion.  5s. 

1553-4.    See  above  under  book  wrongly  ascribed  to  1547-8,  and, 
as  I  conceive,  belonging  to  this  year. 

'554-5- 

For  singinge  Breade  ye  first  Quarter  2id. 

For  holye  oil  4d. 

For  singinge  bredde  28  6d. 

For  mendinge  the  best  blewe  Cope  3s  4d. 

For  mendinge  the  Coops  at  Midsummer  2s. 

For  6  lib.  of  Frankensense  2s. 

(The  writing  in  this  book  is  peculiarly  illegible.) 
1558-9,  ult.  Ph.  &  Mar.,  i  Eliz. 

For  mending  copes  39  4d. 

For  singing  bredd  2s. 

For  a  Communion  Booke  6s. 

For  seven  pounds  of  Frankincense  2s  4d. 
1559-60. 

In  primis  for  two  communion  books.  6s  8d. 

For  bredd  and  wyne  at  Easter.  4d. 

„  „        ist  Sunday  in  August.  4d. 

To  the  Masons  for  takyng  downe  of  the  High  Alter.  1 2d. 

To  the  Carpenter  for  covering  the  Aulters  ns  <?  boarding  the 
floor  or  wall  or  both). 

To  Knolle  for  carrying  the  stones  oute  of  the  Churche  4fl. 
1560-1. 

Singing  bredd  i  |d. 
1561-2. 

For  Bredd  and  wyne  at  Twelftyde.  4d. 

For  the  table  of  Commandements.  iod. 

For  a  table  to  serche  the  Service  oute.  6d. 

For  redeming    of   certen   churche   stuffe   that   Mr.   Turnbull 
pledged  at  Johan  Hylles.  io8. 

For  the  redemyng  of  other  vestments  that  be  allso  pledged  at 
Joyner's.  40". 

One  item  mentions  the  'vestrie  doore.' 


EXTRACTS  FROM  CHAPEL  ACCOUNTS. 

1562-3. 

For  paper  to  pricke  sonyg.  4d. 

For  a  book  for  Wednesday  Service.  6d. 

1565-6- 

Bread  and  wine  at  Easter,  Assention  daye  and  Whitsunday.  2s  8d. 
Do.  i°  die  Augusti.     Item  Octobris  et  Novembris.  xixd. 

I572-3- 

For  the  ten  commandements.  2s. 

For  a  frame  for  the  ten  commandements.  2s  6d. 

Wine  for  a  communion  on  al  Soules  daie.  2od. 

1584-5- 

A  carpet  for  the  communion  table.  17*. 
1587-8. 

A  communion  table  bought  at  London.  26s  8(1. 

1631-2. 

Jan.  14.  Payd  to  Mr  White  for  a  latine  prayer  booke  and  a  lat. 
testament  and  for  binding  them  together  with  the  singing 
psalmes.  4s  4d. 

Feb.  8  for  frankincense  6d. 
1632-3. 

Jan.  20.  For  frankinsense  for  the  vestery1.  Is  6d. 

Mar.  2.  For  two  Cussons,  fringe  for  four,  &c.,  £i  „  19  „  o. 
1634-5- 

Jan.  30.  For  Frankincense  and  other  perfumes  for  the  Chappell. 

2s  6d. 

March  24.  For  a  white  damaske  Communion  cloth.  £3  „  5  „  o. 
Nov.  i.  For  waxe  candles  £9  ,,  o  ,,  o  (a  much  larger  payment 

than  the  ordinary  one). 
1635-6. 

March  26,  1636.     To  Mr  (?  W)anling  for  66  pieces  of  painted 

glasse  in  the  Chappell  and  Hall  at  48  the  piece,  ut  patet  per 

billam2.  ^13  „  4  „  o. 
July  8.  For  purple  silke  to  mend  the  chappell  hangings.  2s. 

1  This  and  other  entries,  both  before  and  after,  make  it  plain  that  there  was 
a  vestry  in  the  College  before  the  unfortunate  alterations  of  the  Chapel  in  1675-6. 
It  seems  to  have  opened  out  of  the  north-east  end  of  the  Chapel,  and  traces  of  the 
door  connecting  it  with  the  Chapel  still  exist.     For  an  account  of  these  alterations, 
see  pp.  258-9. 

2  Was  this  painted  glass  removed  during  the  Parliamentary  regime,  or  when  the 
Chapel  and  Hall  were  'restored,'  in  1675-6  and  1700  respectively? 


REGISTERS  OF  PUNISHMENTS.  359 

Aug.  23.  For  the  Rayle  before  the  Communion  table.  £4  „  10,,  o. 
Sept.  ii.  To  the  woman  for  washing  the  Chappell  and  Vestry 

and  for  herbes  at  the  King's  coming.  is. 
Sept.  24.  For  altering  the  Communion  Table.  3"  6d. 
1636-7. 
Aug.  19,  1637.  For  a  chest  of  Miter  round  and  revayled  with 

lapts  and  pendants  to  put  in  the  vestments  belonging  to  the 

Chappell1.  £4  „  10. 
1638-9. 

Nov.  3,  1638.  For  Franckincense  and  Cloves.  8d. 
For  a  chaffing  (chafing)  dish  for  the  vestry  for  perfumes.  Is  od. 
Apr.  12,  1639.  For  Hollye  and  baie  at  Christmas,  i8, 
1639-40. 
May  2,  1640.  Paid  to  Richard  Hall  for  mending  the  Copes,  ut 

valet  per  Bill,  ig8  9d. 

There  is  nothing  remarkable  in  the  entries  in  the  Libri  Magni 
during  the  Commonwealth  period,  except  their  paucity.  But  see  the 
curious  order  about  the  Clerks,  Aug.  n,  1653,  given  on  p.  228. 

In  the  Liber  Magnus  for  1660-1,  under  the  head  of  In  Camera  et 
Domo  Praesidentis  (the  President,  at  that  time,  occupied  both  a  house 
and  his  old  lodgings  in  the  College),  there  occurs  the  entry : 
July  2  (1661).  For  the  President's  surplice  ,£4  „  o  „  o. 


c. 

EXTRACTS  FROM  THE  '  REGISTERS  OF  PUNISHMENTS.' 

The  first  extant  entry  is  dated  1641,  without  day  or  month;  the 
last  but  one  March  23,  1785,  the  last  of  all  being  undated,  though 
evidently  belonging  to  about  the  same  period.  The  entries  are  all 
in  the  handwriting  of  the  offenders,  or  some  one  of  them,  and  often 

1  Mr.  J.  T.  Micklethwaite,  F.S.A.,  has  kindly  supplied  me  with  the  following 
information  with  regard  to  this  somewhat  enigmatical  entry :  that  the  chest  was  a 
'  Cope-box,'  '  vestments '  being  here  used  for  Copes ;  that  '  mitre '  in  joiner's 
language  =  a  corner,  and  the  Cope-box,  its  shape  being  usually  that  of  a  quadrant 
of  a  circle,  would  fit  into  a  corner ;  that  the  '  lapts  and  pendants '  were  probably 
contrivances  of  some  kind,  either  of  wood,  cloth,  or  linen,  to  keep  out  the  dust ; 
that  '  revayled  '  is  only  a  synonyme  for  '  veiled.' 


360  REGISTERS  OF 

betray  signs  of  unwilling  penmanship.  I  have  not,  as  a  rule,  repeated 
entries  of  the  same  period,  where  there  is  no  material  difference 
either  in  the  offence  or  the  punishment.  It  will  be  noticed  that 
there  is  hardly  any  record  of  a  punishment  of  which  deprivation  of 
commons  does  not  form  part,  so  that  it  is  plain  that  the  Register  was 
kept  mainly  for  the  information  of  the  Bursars. 

I  have  already  explained  what  deprivation  of  commons  involved. 
But  I  may  here  give  the  ipsissima  verba  of  the  Statute  :  '  Decernentes, 
prseterea,  et  declarantes  ut  quicunque  nostri  Collegii  per  convictus 
subtractionem  ad  tempus  puniti  sint  non  in  oppido  sed  in  aula  nostri 
Collegii,  Baccalaurei  videlicet  in  artibus  et  non  graduati  soli  vel  cum 
aliis  punitis,  cseteri  vero  Magistri  more  consueto,  interea  discumbant 
et  comedant,  deque  bonis  propriis  continuo,  vel  saltern  in  fine  termini, 
Dispensatoribus  pro  eodem  ....  satisfaciant  et  solvant  .  .  .  .  Et 
hujusmodi  correctiones,  una  cum  causa  et  illius  puniti  nomine,  in 
Decanorum  registro  per  manum  ejusdem  puniti  statim  scribantur.' 
Cap.  51. 

1641.  Privati  sumus  convictu  secunda  vice.  Johannes  Lambe. 
Tho.  Drury.  Johannes  Sparke.  Johannes  Tooke :  quod  abfuerimus 
a  precibus  matutinis.  (All  these  were  B.A.s  or  of  B.A.  standing.) 

Privati  sumus  convictu  per  septimanam.  Gulielmus  Clayton. 
Johannes  Sparke.  Johannes  Lambe.  Johannes  Tooke.  Tho.  Drury. 
Tho.  Sutton  :  quod  comam  nimis  protensam  habuerimus. 

Term.  2do.  Ego  Johannes  Tooke  privatus  sum  convictu  ad  dignam 
emendationem  ('till  I  mend  my  manners'),  quod  irreverenter  et 
immodeste  me  gesserim  in  Aula,  et  quod  bis  abfuerim  a  disputa- 
tionibus  Baccalaureorum. 

Ego  Josephus  Barker  privatus  sum  convictu  per  septimanam,  quod 
irreverenter  me  gesserim  coram  decano,  inter  disputandum. 

April  22.  Ego  Johannes  Tooke  privatus  sum  convictu  per  septi- 
manam, quod  deprehensus  fuerim  vix  sobrius  satis  :  et  punitus  etiam 
ut  in  bibliotheca  per  unum  mensem  a  precibus  matutinis  ad  vesper- 
tinas  usque  sedulo  studiis  incumbam. 

Term.  3°.  Ego  Thomas  Sutton  privatus  sum  convictu  per  septi- 
manam, quod  in  oratione  aliquos  calumnia  affecerim. 

Ego  Thomas  Sutton  privatus  sum  convictu  per  diem  prima  vice, 
quod  absens  fuerim  a  praslectione  humanitatis. 

Term.  4°.  Ego  Nicholaus  Byrch  privatus  sum  convictu  per  sep- 
timanam, quoniam  abfuerim  a  disputationibus  theologicis  data  opera 
(i.  e.  purposely),  et  cum  pro  more  opponere  debuissem. 


PUNISHMENTS.  361 

Ego  Johannes  Tooke  privatus  sum  convictu  per  mensem,  quod 
ingressus  sum  domum  ubi  victualia  venduntur,  compotandi  causa. 

1649.  Ego  Ricardus  Warre  privatus  sum  convictu  per  triduum 
propter  inobedientiam. 

Ego  Andreas  Wandrick  privatus  sum  convictu  per  unum  diem, 
quia  abfui  a  Disputationibus,  cum  essem  primus  opponens. 

Ego  Daniel  Reyner  privatus  sum  convictu  per  triduum,  quia,  cum 
essem  impositor,  non  tradidi  Decano  nomina  absentium  a  precibus 
et  disputationibus. 

Ego  Franciscus  Nelson  privatus  sum  convictu  usque  ad  dig- 
nam  emendationem  propter  absentiam  a  precibus  et  inobedien- 
tiam maxime  pertinacem  erga  Vice-praesidem  et  unum  Decanum. 
(The  offence  of  persistent  disobedience  is  a  common  one  at  this 
period.) 

Ego  Nath.  Anderson  privatus  sum  convictu  per  unum  diem,  quia 
profectus  sum  absque  venia.  (This  punishment  was  inflicted  simply 
for  going  out  of  College  without  leave,  which  was  required  except  for 
certain  exempted  places.  See  p.  53.  ) 

Ego  Edvardus  Disney  privatus  sum  convictu  per  quindenam  eo 
quod  deservire  in  aula  recusarim.  (Two  other  punishments  for  the 
same  offence  immediately  follow.) 

Ego  Johannes  Paris  privatus  sum  convictu  usque  ad  dignam 
emendationem  eo  quod  jussui  Decani  non  obtemperavi. 

Term.  2°,  1651.  Ego  Gulielmus  Foord  privatus  sum  convictu  per 
septimanam,  propter  absentiam  a  Collegio  tempore  prandendi  et 
coenandi  per  aliquos  dies  sine  venia. 

Ego  Gulielmus  Foord  privatus  sum  convictu  per  triduum,  quoniam 
exivi  e  collegio  per  tres  mille  passus  non  petita  venia. 

Ego  Edmundus  Dickinson  privatus  sum  convictu  per  triduum 
quod  jussus  non  ministravi  in  aula.  (These  repeated  punishments 
for  refusing  to  wait  in  Hall  seem  to  shew  that  a  sense  of  degradation 
was  at  this  time  beginning  to  attach  to  the  service.) 

Term.  4°.  Ego  Gulielmus  Foord  privatus  sum  convictu  per  septi- 
manam eo  quod  tempore  nocturno  sine  toga  circiter  horam  decimam 
in  oppido  obambularim,  atque  insuper  punitus  ut  mensis  proxime 
sequentis  spatio  ex  Aristotelis  Ethicis  ad  Nicomachum  omnia  notatu 
digna  grsece  excerperem. 

Ego  Johannes  Lisle  privatus  sum  convictu  per  septimanam  eo 
quod  tempore  nocturno  sine  toga  circiter  horam  decimam  in  oppido 
obambulavi,  atque  insuper  punitus  ut,  mensis  proxime  sequentis 


362        VIGOROUS  ADMINISTRATION  AND  STRICT 

spatio,  Burgersdicii  Log.  omnes  definitiones  et  divisiones  et  synop- 
tice  scriptis  et  memoriae  mandarem. 

Ego  Noah  Web  privatus  sum  convictu  per  septimanam  quod 
explosi  bombardum  in  cubiculum  condiscipuli  per  fenestram. 

Term.  2,  1652.  Nos  privati  sumus  convictu  per  septimanam  eo 
quod  peregrines  (?  out-College  men)  cum  tumultu  publicam  in  Aulam 
excepimus  venia  non  impetrata.  Franciscus  Nelson.  Gul.  Foord. 
Guilielmus  Garner  (Gardiner).  Johannes  Lisle.  Andreas  Wandrick. 

Ego  Edvardus  Fowler  (afterwards  Bishop  of  Gloucester)  privatus 
sum  convictu  usque  ad  dignam  emendationem,  eo  quod  Alumnos 
aedis  christi,  pane  projecto,  in  tumultum  provocavi. 

Nos  privati  sumus  convictu  usque  ad  dignam  emendationem, 
quod,  jussi  a  praesidente  (Dr.  Staunton,  the  'intruded  President'), 
nudato  capite  non  sedimus.  Franciscus  Nelson.  W.  Gardyner. 
Johannes  Paris.  Johannes  L'isle. 

1653.  Term.  i.  Ego  Joannes  Martine  privatus  sum  convictu 
usque  ad  dignam  emendationem,  quia  anglice  locutus  sum  et 
clamorem  ac  strepitum  in  aula  edidi. 

Ego  Thorn.  Harrison  privatus  sum  convictu  per  septimanam,  eo 
quod  ingressus  sum  in  panarium,  venia  non  impetrata. 

Ego  Gulielmus  Foord  punitus  sum  per  quindenae  proxime  sequentis 
spatium,  ut  in  Bibliotheca  omnia  notatu  digna  ex  Ruvio  (Rubius) 
de  anima  excerpam. 

Ego  Nicolaus  Page  privatus  sum  convictu  per  septimanam,  eo 
quod  ingressus  sum  in  potarium  venia  non  impetrata. 

Term.  2do.  Nos  privati  sumus  convictu  per  diem,  eo  quod  Anglice 
loquuti  sumus  in  Aula.  Guil.  Foord.  Joh.  Lisle.  And.  Wandrick. 
Joh.  Paris.  Joh.  Martine.  Thomas  Johnson. 

Ego  Johannes  Lisle  privatus  sum  convictu  per  diem  propter  ab- 
sentiam  a  precibus  et  a  concione. 

Nos  privati  sumus  convictu  per  septimanam  eo  quod  globulos 
niveos  in  aula  projecimus  et  quod  causam  dedimus  suspicionis 
majorum  criminum.  Edm.  Dickinson.  Pe.  Glubb. 

Term.  3°.  Ego  Guil.  Foord  punitus  sum  ut  in  Bibliotheca  per 
untim  mensem  sedulo  studiis  incumbam,  a  precibus  matutinis  ad 
vespertinas  :  eo  quod  peregrines  habui  non  petita  venia,  et  cum  illis 
tumultum  excitavi.  (It  is  remarkable  that  this  punishment  does  not 
include  deprivation  of  commons.) 

Ego  Nicolaus  Page  privatus  sum  convictu  per  septimanam,  et 
punitus  etiam  ut  in  Bibliotheca  per  unum  mensem  sedulo  studiis 


DISCIPLINE  DURING  THE  COMMONWEALTH.     363 

incumbam  a  precibus  matutinis  ad  vespertinas,  eo  quod  abfuerim  a 
disputationibus  cum  Impositor  essem,  et  potarium  ingressus  essem 
non  petita  venia. 

Ego  Nicolaus  Page  privatus  sum  convictu  per  unum  mensem,  eo 
quod  deprehensus  fui  a  Procuratore  minus  sobrius,  et  punitus  etiam 
ut  in  Bibliotheca  per  unum  mensem  sedulo  studiis  incumbam. 

Term.  4tus.  Ego  Petrus  Glubb  privatus  sum  convictu  usque  ad 
dignam  emendationem,  eo  quod  immorigerum  me  gesserim  coram 
Vice-Prasside. 

This  list  of  punishments  during  the  early  period  of  the  Common- 
wealth (which  omits  cases  that  are  only  repetitions  or  variations  of 
the  same  offence  and  the  same  punishment)  appears  to  extend  over 
four  or  five  years,  and  then  abruptly  terminates,  we  do  not  know 
why.  It  bears  testimony  to  a  strict  and  vigorous  administration  of 
the  College,  and  shews  that  the  President  and  Fellows,  though 
Puritans,  executed  their  Founder's  statutes  with  at  least  as  much 
fidelity  as  their  predecessors!  And,  notwithstanding  the  grave  irre- 
gularities of  a  few  ill-conditioned  students,  one  cannot  help  being 
struck  with  the  trivial  and  boyish  character  of  some  of  the  offences. 
Moreover,  in  estimating  the  general  condition  of  the  College,  we 
must  bear  in  mind  that,  at  this  period,  owing  to  its  almost  entire 
re-constitution  by  the  Parliamentary  Visitors,  it  had  probably  a  larger 
population  of  B.A.s  and  Undergraduates  than  at  any  other  time  in 
its  history  till  the  reception  of  Commoners  forty  years  ago.  Of  these, 
there  are  several  who  make  no  appearance  at  all  in  the  Register  of 
Punishments,  and  of  them,  and  even  of  some  of  those  whose  appear- 
ance is  only  for  light  offences,  it  may  reasonably  be  assumed  that,  in 
their  general  habits,  they  were  well-conducted  and  studious  youths. 

The  next  batch  of  entries  extends  from  1670  to  1687.  As  I  pro- 
ceed, the  number  of  extracts  may  be  conveniently  diminished. 

Aug.  10,  1670.  Ego  Radulphus  Bell  privatus  sum  convictu  per 
septimanam,  quod  extraneos  admisi  ad  pernoctandum  in  Collegio 
contra  formam  Statuti. 

Nov.  19,  1675.  Ego  Ric.  Taylor  privatus  sum  convictu  per  quin- 
denam,  quod  abfui  a  precibus  4a  vice. 

Ego  Guil.  Creed  privatus  sum  convictu  per  septimanam  ob  com- 
potationem  et  egressum  e  collegio  sine  venia  vel  petita  vel  concessa, 
prima  vice.  (Four  other  cases,  exactly  the  same,  occur  apparently  at 
the  same  time.) 


364          CHANGE  IN  CHARACTER  OF  OFFENCES. 

Ego  Gul.  Boys  privatus  sum  convictu,  propter  percussionem  dis- 
cipuli.  Ego  Carolus  Audley,  &c.,  as  in  last  case. 

Ego  Thomas  Johnson  privatus  sum  convictu  usque  ad  dignam 
emendationem,  propter  verba  pertinacia  et  irreverentia  erga  Seniorem 
Decanum,  ima  vice. 

June  i,  1698.  Ego  Ro.  Burton  increpatus  fui  a  Logicae  Lectore, 
et  rejectus  a  classe  disputantium  usque  dum  uberius  in  Logicalibus 
proficiam,  propter  pravam  in  studiis  dialecticis  negligentiam,  propter 
crassam  in  opponendo  et  respondendo  ignorantiam,  necnon  propter 
impudentiam  eo  usque  provectam,  ut  non  solum  Logicae  Lectorem 
sed  etiam  ipsam  Logicam  contemptui  publice  habuerim.  (One 
wonders  whether  he  had  read  Locke's  attack  on  the  Syllogism,  Essay, 
Bk.  IV.  Ch.  17.) 

There  is  a  gap  in  the  records  of  Punishments  between  1698  and 
1724,  from  which  year  the  list  is  continued  in  the  same  book  down 
to  about  1786.  The  general  character  of  the  offences,  as  compared 
with  those  recorded  in  the  earlier  books,  has  now  materially  changed, 
and,  as  I  have  said  elsewhere  (p.  279),  the  offences  punished  are  now 
rather  the  vices  of  men  than  the  faults  of  boys.  I  give  a  few  typical 
instances  of  the  entries. 

Jul.  n,  1726.  For  the  attempted  homicide  by  John  Smith,  see 
pp.  279,  80. 

Jan.  28,  1726(7).  Ego  Jacobus  Tarsey  A.B.  C.  C.  C.  socius 
propter  rixas  cum  oppidanis  intempesta  nocte  per  ebrietatem  initas, 
et  publicse  pacis  perturbationem,  flexis  genibus  publice  pcenitentiam 
sum  professus,  et  de  emendatione  morum  a  Praesidente  et  sociis 
secunda  vice  admonitus  sum,  convictu  insuper  privatus  usque  dum 
iis  satisfecerim.  There  is  a  similar  entry  on  the  same  day  by  John 
Smith,  for  whom  see  above.  This  rowdyism  in  the  streets  seems  to 
have  been  a  not  uncommon  feature  of  this  period. 

May  n,  1730.  Ego  R.  Hutchins  A.M.  C.  C.  C.  Discip.  admonitus 
fui  coram  Praesidente,  Vice-Praesidente,  uno  Decano,  Dispensatoribus, 
et  uno  Socio  ut  Collegio  satisfacerem  pro  Extraordinario  victu  (Batellas 
vocant)  per  duos  annos  non  soluto. 

May  30,  1730.  Ego  Gul.  Nicholas  A.B.  discipulus  C.  C.  C.  (there 
is  the  same  entry  for  J.  Jubb)  privatus  sum  convictu  per  septimanam 
a  Praeside  et  Decano  propter  rixas  cum  oppidanis  intempesta  nocte 
initas,  et  graves  percussiones  servi  cujusdam  extranei  et  pernocta- 
tionem.  Insuper  admonitus  fui  a  praedictis  de  emendatione  morum. 


AN  INCORRIGIBLE  STUDENT.  365 

(Notice  the  extraordinary  leniency  of  the  punishment  for  this  offence, 
which  would  now  undoubtedly  be  met  by  rustication  for  two  or  more 
terms. ) 

Jan.  28,  1730(1).  Ego  Gul.  Osmer  convictu  privatus  sum  per 
unum  diem  propterea  quod  Decano  notorie  per  mendacia  fraudem 
fecerim,  illique  immorigerum  me  prsestiterim.  Insuper  admonitus 
sum  de  morum  honestate  servanda  profectuque  in  studiis  faciendo. 
(This  William  Osmer,  who  had  been  admitted  Scholar  April  20, 
1728,  aet.  12,  and  was  now  not  yet  15,  figures  largely  in  the  Register 
of  Punishments.  On  July  2,  1731,  he  was  punished,  by  a  week's 
deprivation  of  commons,  '  propter  notorium  in  sermone  quotidiano 
juramenti  usum';  on  July  29  following,  similarly  'eo  quod  in  Coll. 
Ball,  pernoctaverim ' ;  on  Feb.  12,  173^,  similarly  'quia  duos  malae 
famse  viros  in  Cubiculo  multa  nocte  compotantes  exceperim  et  quod 
usus  fuerim  execrandis  inter  confabulandum  juramentis';  on  Feb. 
19  following,  similarly  with  the  addition  of  an  'exercitium  mihi  im- 
positum,'  '  quia  pcenae  superius  memoratae  meipsum  non  submiserim, 
et  quia  idem  mendacium  tribus  diversis  temporibus  coram  Prsesidente 
iteravi,  asserens  me  sedisse  in  aula  convictu  privatum  die  Veneris, 
cum  ab  aula  prorsus  abfuerim  per  aliquot  septimanas '  (a  fact  which 
does  not  seem  to  have  been  previously  discovered) ;  on  May  24, 
1732,  by  a  week's  deprivation  of  commons  and  an  admonition,  '  quia 
adolescentes  quosdam  multa  nocte  in  Cubiculo  acceperim  compo- 
tantes et  strepitum  excitantes,  et  quia  falso  nomine  simulate  Prsesidi 
et  Decano  fraudem  facere  sim  conatus';  on  Nov.  i,  1732,  by  a  day's 
deprivation  of  commons,  '  quia  ab  aula  antea  admonitus  abfuerim,  et 
venia  non  impetrata  ab  aula  discesserim ' ;  and  on  Feb.  9,  173!,  by 
deprivation  of  commons  for  fifteen  days  '  propter  pernoctationem  et 
absentiam  a  Collegio,  item  quia  sub  falso  egressus  prsetextu  per  re- 
petita  mendacia  Prsesidi  et  Decano  fraudem  facere  sim  conatus.' 
The  farce  of  admonitions  seems  to  have  been  discontinued.  We 
cannot  help  pitying  this  poor  boy  who,  at  the  tender  age  of  twelve, 
had  been  plunged  into  an  atmosphere  so  charged  with  vice  and 
temptation.  About  a  year  before  the  last  offence  >v March  28,  1732), 
he  had  been  pronounced  by  the  College  officers  '  ineptus  et  inhabilis 
qui  promoveretur  ad  Gradum  B.A.,'  and,  as  his  name  occurs  neither 
in  the  list  of  Oxford  Graduates  nor  in  that  of  Probationary  Fellows, 
it  may  be  concluded  that  he  never  took  his  Degree,  and  left  the 
College  without  a  Fellowship  and  with  his  prospects  in  life  probably 
ruined.) 


366  LENIENCY  OF  THE  PUNISHMENTS. 

June  15,  1732.  Ego  J.  Jubb  privatus  sum  convictu  per  mensem, 
propter  Pernoctationem  et  propter  Absentiam  a  Collegio,  venia  non 
impetrata,  atque  insuper  admonitus  fui  de  emendatione  morum. 
(There  are,  at  this  period,  numerous  cases  of  punishment  for 
spending  the  night  out  of  College,  and  the  leniency  which  they 
were  dealt  with  seems  to  me  truly  surprising1,  especially  when  we 
recollect  that  the  College  was  a  nursery  of  Christian  ministers.) 

Nov.  i,  1732.  Ego  J.  Jubb  convictu  privatus  sum  per  septimanam 
eo  quod  rogante  Gul.  Wells  (cujus  societatem  vitare  jam  antea  fueram 
admonitus)  ad  adolescentis  cujusdam  mihi  non  noti  cameram  mane, 
exinde  ad  popinam  pransurus,  inde  (plus  quam  par  erat  potus)  ad 
alteram  famse  non  integrae  Popinam  profectus  sum :  a  Prandio  interim 
et  Divinis  Officiis  abfui.  Propter  hsec  delicta  frustra  admonitus  sep- 
timana  sequente  una  cum  adolescentibus  quibusdam  venatum  ivi ; 
ab  Aula  iterum  et  Divinis  Officiis  abfui.  (Jubb's  friend  Wm.  Wells 
(they  were  both  Lincolnshire  scholars,  Jubb  from  Lissington,  Wells 
from  Grantham)  was  punished  similarly,  for  the  same  offence  with 
the  addition  of  profane  swearing. ) 

March  19,  i73j-  Ego  J.  Jubb  A.B.  convictu  privatus  sum  per 
quindenam,  eo  quod  cum  veniam  proficiscendi  impetrassem,  segrotae 
matris  visendae  prsetextu  usus,  Londinum  petii  atque  ibi  commoratus 
fui.  Insuper  admonitus  fui  de  moribus  emendandis. 

Nov.  29,  1734.  Ego  Abraham  Atkins,  propter  rixas  pugnasque 
intempesta  nocte  in  Coll.  S.  Trin.  per  ebrietatem  initas,  convictu 
privatus  fui  per  septimanam. 

July  n,  1735.  -Ego  Tho.  Patten  convictu  carere  (i.e.  probably 
condemned  to  dine  at  a  separate  table  off  bread  and  water,  according 
to  the  provisions  of  Stat.  cap.  50)  a  Vice-prsesidente  jussus,  in  aulam 
veni  victum  mecum  apportans,  nee  nisi  iterum  monenti  parebam : 
et  insuper  prandii  tempore  indecore  me  gessi,  spretse  pcenaa  ostendens 
indicia. 

Dec.  2,  1735.  Ego  Ben.  Wilding  convictu  privatus  sum  per  sep- 
timanam, quoniam  intra  Collegii  limites  tumultum  nocturnum  ex- 
citaverim,  neque  a  Decano  correptus  destiterim;  imo  de  crastino 
adeo  non  me  submiserim,  ut  decanum  maledictis  et  contumeliis 

1  We  must  recollect,  however,  that  rustication  was  a  punishment  which  did  not 
then  exist,  that  expulsion  was  a  punishment  which  was  very  difficult  to  inflict 
without  a  violation  of  the  statutes,  and  that  corporal  chastisement,  which  had 
probably  kept  down  offences  of  this  kind  at  an  earlier  period,  had  now  gone  out  of 
fashion. 


FREQUENT  CASES  OF  CONTUMACY.  367 

ultro  proscindere,  et  coram  ipso  Praesidente  inepte  garrire  baud 
veritus  fuerim. 

Jan.  8,  173^.  Ego  Benj.  Wilding  convictu  privatus  sum  per  sep- 
timanam,  quia  exercitium  ineptum  et  valde  petulans  attuli  Decano, 
et  ab  eo  coram  officiariis  arcessitus  repetitas  eorum  Injunctiones 
sprevi,  et  non  nisi  altera  vice  coram  eisdem  delatus  eorundem 
authoritati  me  tandem  submisi. 

Oct.  14,  1738.  Ego  Petrus  Peckard  convictu  privatus  fui  per 
quindenam  propter  ebrietatem  et  repetitas  execrationes  et  concitatos 
intempestiva  nocte  per  Collegii  atria  tumultus. 

Nov.  i,  1738.  Ego  Petrus  Peckard  convictu  privatus  sum  per 
mensem,  necnon  crimen  in  aula,  flexis  genibus,  ter  publice  confessus 
sum,  propter  quod  cum  infami  muliercula  in  cubiculum  meum  noctu 
inducta  a  Decano  deprehensus  fui. 

Sept.  10,  1739.  Ego  Car.  Hall  convictu  privatus  fui  per  quin- 
denam et  crimen  in  aula  publice  confessus  sum,  eo  quod  inebriatus 
in  sacello  inter  divina  officia  tumultuatus  fuerim.  (A  similar  entry 
on  the  same  day  is  made  with  regard  to  Peter  Peckard,  except  that, 
as  an  old  offender,  he  is  '  put  out  of  commons '  for  a  month. ) 

Jan.  18,  174!-  Ego  Gulielm.  Harrison  A.B.  convictu  privatus  fui 
per  mensem,  eo  quod  Petrum  Henly  Commensalem,  nullo  injuriae 
praetextu  accensus,  vehementer  percussi,  deinde  ipsi  etiam  Decano 
cum,  ne  amplius  percuterem,  vetaret,  inaudita  audacia  vim  minasque 
haud  veritus  sum  intentare.  Hagc  in  aula  flexis  genibus  publice 
confessus  sum.  Et  insuper  admonitus,  &c. 

Feb.  17,  174!-  Ego  Gul.  Harrison  A.B.  iterum  convictu  privatus 
fui  per  mensem,  quod  Pcenas  audaciae  supra  memoratae  indignatus, 
eo  Impudentiae  processerim,  ut  Scriptum,  quo  crimen  fateri  jussus 
sum,  insulsum,  petulans,  et  contumeliosum  Decano  attulerim,  in- 
veterata  exhibens  indicia  contumaciae.  Et  insuper  admonitus,  &c. 

June  19,  1750.  Ego  Georgius  Beaver  A.B.  judicio  Praesidentis, 
Vice-Praesidentis,  et  unius  Decani  convictu  privatus  sum  per  mensem, 
eo  quod,  solennem  orationem  habere  jussus  in  Festo  Corporis  Christi 
in  honorem  Fundatoris  et  Collegii,  in  multa  virorum  illustrium  fre- 
quentia,  comparationes  odiosas  et  verba  invidiosa  et  contumeliosa 
contra  officiarios  et  socios,  et  contra  Regimen  et  Statuta  Collegii,  pro 
oratione  effuderim ;  et  insuper  tertia  vice  admonitus  fui  de  reverentia 
debita  erga  Officiarios  reliquosque  Seniores  praestanda. 

Dec.  20,  1754.  Nos  convictu  privati  sumus  per  septimanam,  quod 
effigiem  quandam,  quae  Pseudo-principem  Carolum  repraesentare 


368  COARSENESS  OF  MANNERS. 

credebatur,  in  Camera  Baccalaureorum  communi  appendi  jussimus, 
unde  non  leve  Scandalum  Collegio  et  universae  Academise  obortum 
est.  Et  ab  iisdem  admoniti  sumus  ut  Deum  timeamus,  Regem 
optimum  honoremus. 

Ed.  Simons.  Gul.  Finden.  S.  Musgrave.  John  Cooke  (subse- 
quently President).  Arnoldus  Carter.  (An  account  of  this  affair 
is  given  on  pp.  286,  7.) 

Mai.  26,  1758.  Ego  Samuel  Weller  A.B.  convictu  privatus  sum 
per  septimanam  propter  ebrietatem,  et  speciatim  quod  ebrius  in 
Festo  Corporis  Christi  in  sacello  tumultuatus  fuerim.  Insuper 
admonitus,  &c. 

Mar.  29,  1765.  Five  students  deprived  of  commons  for  a  week, 
and  admonished,  '  propter  commessationes  ad  noctem  intempestivam 
intra  Collegium  productas,  et  propter  strepitus  indecoros,  et  eo  quod 
a  Decanis  increpatus  eorum  monitis  non  obtemperaverim.' 

Jun.  19,  1767.  A  student  deprived  of  commons  for  fifteen  days 
and  admonished  '  eo  quod  in  popina  quadam  cum  oppidano  rixatus 
fuerim,  et  paucis  post  diebus  eidem  oppidano  in  vico  publico  obvius 
ilium  pugnis  male  mulctaverim.' 

Towards  the  end  of  the  period,  the  entries  become  more  and  more 
sparse,  as  if  the  punishment  of  '  registering '  was  going  out  of  fashion. 
The  last  but  one  is  dated  March  23,  1785,  the  offence  being  per- 
sistent neglect  to  bring  up  the  accustomed  vacation  exercise.  The 
last  of  all,  which  is  undated,  but  is  evidently  that  of  a  Bachelor,  is 
for  having  been  absent,  without  leave,  for  the  Michaelmas  Term. 

As  noticed  elsewhere  (p.  292),  the  Register  of  Punishments  bears 
witness,  both  from  the  diminishing  frequency  and  the  diminishing 
gravity  of  the  offences  recorded,  to  the  great  improvement  in  the 
morals  and  discipline  of  the  College  effected  during  Dr.  Randolph's 
Presidency.  But  it  must  be  acknowledged  that,  from  the  Restora- 
tion of  Charles  the  Second  to  the  close  of  the  entries,  these  registers 
of  punishments  bear  painful  testimony  to  the  coarseness  of  manners 
and  laxity  of  life  which,  not  in  Oxford  only  but  throughout  the 
country,  were  distinctive  of  the  period.  The  reign  of  George  the 
Second  probably  marks  the  nadir  both  of  attainment  and  discipline 
in  the  English  Universities,  or  at  least  in  Oxford. 


D. 

LISTS  OF  GREEK  AND  LATIN  READERS  AND 
MEDICINE  DEPUTATI. 

There  are  considerable  difficulties  connected  with  the  earlier 
history  of  the  Greek  and  Latin  Readers,  Lecturers,  or  Professors, 
as  they  may  indifferently  be  called.  These  I  have  already  discussed, 
so  far  as  is  necessary  for  the  purposes  of  this  work,  on  pp.  87-89,  to 
which  I  must  ask  the  reader  to  refer  back  in  explanation  of  some  of 
the  entries  in  the  following  lists.  I  have  taken,  as  the  basis  of  the 
lists,  a  small  MS.  of  Fulman,  inserted  in  vol.  x.  of  his  MSS.,  fol. 
195,  196,  which  seems  to  be  correct  so  far  as  it  goes,  but  which,  in 
accordance  with  a  characteristic  of  his,  noticed  by  Wood  (see  p.  198 
above),  is  imperfect.  I  have  inserted  other  entries  within  angular 
brackets,  and  have  also  continued  it  down  to  the  year  1700,  before 
which  time  these  Readerships  had  probably  entirely  lost  their  dis- 
tinctive character  of  Public  Lectureships  or  Professorships. 

GREEK  READERS. 

{John  Clement  (Clemens)  is  definitely  said  by  Harpsfield,  whose 
authority  there  is  no  reason  to  question,  to  have  given  lectures  in 
Greek  at  Corpus.  See  p.  88.  But  whether  his  appointment  was 
permanent  or  not,  and  whether  he  could  be  truly  called  a  Corpus 
Reader,  we  have  no  means  of  ascertaining.) 

(Thomas  Lupset  'succeeded  Clement  in  1520,  and  seems  to  have 
lectured  in  both  tongues,  as  Clement  may  have  done  also '  (p.  88). 
Cp.  Wood's  Annals,  vol.  ii.  pt.  2.  p.  838.  Unfortunately,  the  earlier 
Libri  Magni,  or  year-books  of  accounts,  are  wanting,  or  they  might 
have  thrown  some  light  on  these  and  kindred  questions.) 
1  David  Edwards 2,  1521.  John  Dunne,  1531. 

Edward  Wotton2,  1524.  Thomas  Cater,  1533. 

1  ?  Was  he  ever  more  than,  first,  substitute,  then  assistant. 

3  I  have  already  (pp.  58,  85)  alluded  to  the  difficulties  connected  with  the  order 
of  these  two  names.  David  Edwards  was  elected  '  Disciple '  (Scholar)  on  Aug.  9, 
1517,  being  then  only  15  years  of  age.  He  would,  therefore,  be  only  19,  if  he 
began  to  lecture  in  Michaelmas  Term,  1521.  Edward  Wotton  was  constituted  by  the 
Founder  '  socio  compar,'  in  a  letter  (still  preserved  in  the  Register),  dated  Jan.  2, 
1522,  with  permission  to  travel  in  Italy  for  three  years,  mainly  for  the  purpose  of 
studying  Greek.  After  this  time,  he  was  to  return  to  the  College  and  lecture  in 

Bb 


370  GREEK  AND  LATIN  READERS. 

John  Shepreve,  1534.  Noel  Spark,  1634. 

George  Etheridge,  1543.  (John  Rosewell,  Apr.  25,  1659. 

John  Morwen,  1545.  Nathaniel  Mew,  Nov.  3,  i659)5. 

Henry  Wotton,  1556  \  Benjamin  Parry,  1660 6. 

George  Rudd,  1563  2.  John  Beale,  1670. 

John  Reynalds  (sic),  1572.  William  Winkley,  1672. 

John  Spenser,  I5783.  Samuel  Barton,  1676. 

Henry  Parry,  1588.  Henry  Parkhurst,  1681. 
(Thomas  Cole,  Sept.  14,  1594)*.     Arthur  Parsons,  1681. 

Christopher  Membry,  1600.  (John  Manship,  1690. 

Brian  Twine,  1614.  Dr.  John  Kircheval,  1697) 7. 
Anthony  Clopton,  1618. 

HUMANITY,  LATIN,  OR  RHETORIC  READERS,  AS 
THEY  WERE  VARIOUSLY  CALLED. 

(Joannes  Ludovicus  Vives.     Though  Fulman   does  not  include 
him  in  his  Catalogue,  on  account,  probably,  of  the  absence  of  any 

Greek,  Latin,  or  both,  as  might  be  the  more  convenient  to  the  College.  Now  the 
most  reasonable  supposition  seems  to  be  that  Edwards  simply  lectured  as  Wotton 's 
substitute,  and  was  not  definitely  appointed  to  the  office  of  Greek  Reader.  And 
this  supposition  is  amply  borne  out  by  an  examination  of  the  Libri  Magni.  The 
first  of  these  books  extant  is  that  for  1521-2  (i.  e.  Oct.  1521  to  Oct.  1522),  and  there, 
under  the  bead  of  '  Stipendia  Lectorum  in  Grsecis  et  Logicis,'  occur  the  entries 
'Solutio  pro  Wottono,  £5'  (the  statutable  stipend  for  a  Reader),  and  'pro 
Edwardo,  26s  8d.'  The  next  Liber  Magnus  extant,  that  for  1526  (probably  1525-6), 
contains  the  entries  '  Doctori  Utton  (i.e.  Wotton)  £10'  and  'Magistro  Edwards, 
20*,'  a  small  payment,  probably,  for  assistance  in  elementary  work,  after  Wotton's 
return.  The  celebrated  Nicholas  Udall,  at  the  same  time,  receives  40".  In  the 
book  for  1528  (?  1527-8),  the  third  book  extant,  Wotton,  who  had  now  completed  his 
'quinquennium'  of  service,  received  15s,  Udall  I,,8,  Done  (Dunne)  25',  and  Edwards 
38s  9d.  Then,  as  now,  probably,  Colleges  often  made  special  arrangements  with 
additional  lecturers,  and  the  books  shew  that,  in  some  cases,  the  payments  de- 
pended on  the  exact  number  of  lectures  delivered  (for  instance,  a  logic  lecture  was 
paid  at  the  rate  of  Is  3d).  In  the  book  for  1530,  Edwards'  name  disappears,  and 
it  is  plain  that,  during  the  whole  time  of  his  service,  he  was  never  treated  on  the 
footing  of  a  full  Reader.  l  Elected  from  Ch.  Ch.  to  be  Greek  Reader. 

2  Elected  from  Trinity  to  be  Greek  Reader.  3  Elected,  though  neither  a 

Fellow  nor  Scholar  (see  pp.  143-4),  but  already  a  member  of  the  College,  to  be 
Greek  Reader.  *  The  admission  is  regularly  entered  in  the  Register.  I  do 

not,  therefore,  understand  the  entry  in  Fulman's  MS.,  '  Cole,  1600.'  It  is  inter- 
polated between  two  other  names,  and  seems  to  have  been  written  from  memory. 
5  These  names  may  have  been  omitted  by  Fulman,  because  the  Readers  were 
admitted  during  the  Commonwealth.  *  Elected  from  Jesus  Coll.  to  be  Greek 

Reader.  7  Added,  by  another  hand. 


LATIN  READERS.  371 

documentary  evidence  of  his  appointment,  I  cannot  doubt  that,  in 
some  capacity  or  other,  he  lectured  at  Corpus,  and  was  at  some  time 
an  inmate  of  the  College.  See  pp.  85,  87-89,  and  my  note  at  the 
beginning  of  the  transcript  of  Hegge's  Catalogue. ) 

(Lupset,  and  possibly  Clement  before  him.     See  p.  88.) 

(Possibly  Edward  Wotton.  We  have  just  seen  that  he  was  to  be 
prepared  to  lecture  in  both  tongues,  if  convenient  to  the  College, 
and  the  allowance  of  £10  (the  combined  stipends  of  the  Readers  of 
Greek  and  Latin),  assigned  to  him  in  1526,  is,  at  least,  some  indica- 
tion that  he  actually  did  so.) 

('Udal,  1526'  is  crossed  out  by  Fulman,  the  smallness  of  the 
stipend  paid  to  him  being,  possibly,  regarded  as  an  argument  against 
his  having  held  the  office  of  a  recognised  Reader.) 

(William)  Hygden,  1539.  (This  is  the  first  year  in  which  a 
payment  to  a  Reader  of  Humanity  appears  in  the  extant  Libri  Magni, 
but  that  for  1538  is  wanting.  It  is  possible  that  provision  for  the 
teaching  of  elegant  Latin  was  made  at  a  cheaper  rate,  by  employing 
some  of  the  younger  Fellows,  or  that  Claymond  may  have  paid 
the  Reader  privately.  For  his  relation  to  these  Readerships,  see 
p.  92.) 

James  Curtop,  1540.  William  Good,  1555. 

John  Juell,  1548.  John  Dolber,  1557. 

(Giles  (^Egidius)  George  is  styled  Human.  Lect.  in  Hegge's  Cata- 
logue, but  without  date.  There  seems  to  be  some  confusion  with 
regard  to  the  Latin  Readers  at  this  time.  No  less  than  four  names, 
three  of  which  are  consecutive,  occur  on  the  same  page  of  Hegge, 
for  all  of  whom  this  title  is  claimed.  Good,  Dolber,  and  Laurence 
are  recognised  by  Fulman,  George  and  Good  by  Hegge.  Laurence's 
name  alone  occurs  in  the  Register ;  Laurence,  Dolber,  and  Good  all 
occur  in  the  Libri  Magni.) 

William  Mug,  1558.  John  Belle,  Jan.  30,  is6§\ 

John  Laurence,  Jan.  15,  156^.       Edmund Reynalds,  Oct.  11,1566. 

1  This  John  Belle  is  somewhat  of  an  enigma.  His  name  is  entered  by  himself 
in  the  Register  as  Lector  Humanitatis,  and  the  words  '  electus  pro  comitatu  surrey' 
have  been  added,  also  by  himself,  afterwards,  meaning  that,  though  not  a  native 
of  the  County  of  Surrey,  he  was  to  count  as  a  Surrey  Fellow.  In  the  Index  in  the 
Fnlman  MS.,  though  not  in  Fulman's  own  hand-writing,  he  is  stated  to  be  of 
Somerset.  He  does  not  occur  in  Hegge's  Catalogue,  and  is  there  evidently  con- 
founded with  James  Bell  (admitted  Disciple  in  1548),  who  is  wrongly  described 
as  Lect.  Hum.  In  the  Libri  Magni  from  1563  to  1566,  both  inclusive,  payments 
are  made  to  him  in  the  capacity  both  of  Fellow  and  of  Reader.  His  name  is 

B  b  2 


372  MEDICINE  DEPUTAT1. 

Simon  Trip,  Aug.  6,  1568.  Nicholas  Horsman  cessit5. 

Roger  Charnock,  1572.  John  Paris,  ob.  Sept.  30,  1669 6. 

George  Hanson,  Nov.  13,  1576.  1669.  Theodore  Fletcher  cessit. 

(Nicholas  Morice3.)  1672.  Tho.  Paris  cess. 

Nicolas  Eveleigh,  Oct.  21, 15882.  1675.  Hug.  Barrow  cess.  Dec.  7. 

Thomas  Cranmer,  Apr.  7,  1592.  1682.  George  Reynell,  ob.  Jun. 
Sebastian  Benefeild,  Jul.  2  8, 1 5  9  9.  26,1687. 

Thomas  Holt,  Dec.  31,  1616.  1687.  Will.  Creed,  adm.  Jun.  27. 

(James  Holt,  Nov.  8,  i63o3.)  (John  Manship,  i6977.) 
Thomas  Greaves,  1636*. 

The  Latin  Readership  was  restored  to  its  original  character  as  an 
University  Lectureship,  under  the  title  of  the  Corpus  Christi  Pro- 
fessorship of  Latin,  in  the  revised  College  Statutes,  which  received 
the  assent  of  H.M.  in  Council,  June  24,  1856.  The  holders  of  the 
office,  up  to  the  present  time,  have  been  Professors  John  Conington, 
Edwin  Palmer,  and  Henry  Nettleship. 


MEDICINE  DEPUTATI. 

In  Ch.  25  of  the  Original  Statutes,  all  M.  A.  Fellows  of  the  College 
are  required  to  assume  Holy  Orders  '  intra  annum  post  necessariam 
suam  regentiam  completam,'  'praster  eum  qui  studio  medicinae  est 
deputatus.'  As  this  place  alone,  therefore,  was  tenable  for  any  length 
of  time  by  a  layman,  it  was  often  an  object  of  great  solicitude,  as  in 
the  familiar  instance  of  Locke  with  regard  to  a  similar  position  at 
Ch.  Ch.  Probably  the  '  medicinse  deputati '  were  originally  expected 
to  attend  to  the  medical  needs  of  the  other  inmates  of  the  College, 
and  an  interesting  example  of  this  exercise  of  their  profession  has 
already  come  before  us  in  the  account  of  Dr.  Jackson  (p.  185). 
The  following  list  of  the  holders  of  this  office  or  place  has  been 
extracted  by  me  from  the  Register  and  other  sources,  and  it  seems 
to  be  tolerably  complete. 

variously  spelt  Bellie,  Belly,  or  Belley,  though  by  himself,  in  the  Register,  it  is 
spelt  Belle.  He  is,  no  doubt,  identical  with  the  Mr.  Belly,  referred  to  on  p.  in 
of  this  work,  and  probably  with  the  John  Belly,  Fellow,  and  afterwards  Provost, 
of  Oriel,  whose  name  occurs  in  Foster's  Alumn.  Ox.  *  Hegge's  Catalogue. 

His  name  occurs  as  Latin  Reader  in  the  Libri  Magni  from  1579  to  88  inclusive. 
a  Spelt  Ively  in  Hegge's  Cat.  3  Entered  in  Register.  *  July  6  in 

Register.  5  Elected  May  6,   1659.      Register  of  Commonwealth  period. 

'  Admitted  Jan.  21,  i66|.  7  In  another  hand. 


A    WICKED  ITALIAN  BOKE.J  373 

R.  Hieronymus  Raynolds,  Feb.  R.  John  Norton,  Dec.  n,  1579. 

14,  155!  \  R.  George  Sellar,  May  31,  1589. 

R.  James  Tonge,  Nov.  3,  1566.  John  Chennell  or  Cheynell2. 

R.  John  Pottle,  Feb.  3,  15 7f.  R.  Stephen  Bridges,  Nov-5, 1630. 

The  following  names   have   been   collected   by  me  from  other 
documents  in  the  custody  of  the  President : — 

James  Hyde3.  William  Creed,  June  23,  1696. 

Josiah  Lane4.  Thomas  Healy,  June  8,  1723. 

Norton  Bold,  July  18,  1661.  John  Hardress,  March  18,  173^. 

William  Drury,  March  3,  167^.  Thomas  Crawley,  Oct.  23,  1740. 

John  Shepheard,  Jan.  28,  i67§.  William  Vivian,  Nov.  n,  1754. 

Phineas  Ellwood,  Nov.  27, 1675.  George  Williams,  Dec.  24,  1788. 

Arthur  Parsons 5.  Frederick  Holme,  June  i,  i8376. 


E. 

'A   WICKED    ITALIAN    BOKE.'      See  p.  Il8. 

The  identification  of  this  book  or  author  (for  it  might  be  either) 
has  caused  me  much  trouble  and  perplexity.  About  the  word 
'Jacke'  there  is  no  doubt.  The  difficulty  entirely  turns  on  the 
second  word,  of  which  Dr.  Kitchin,  Dean  of  Winchester,  has  kindly 
made  a  facsimile,  thus : — 


At  first  we  read  the  word  as  most  probably  manher,  but,  on  a  careful 
re-examination  of  the  MS.,  the  Dean  thinks  that  reading  must  be 
abandoned,  and  that  the  true  reading  must  be  either  matcher,  maither, 
mouther  or  moucher.  If  we  adopt  the  reading  ou,  we  must  suppose 
the  first  stroke  of  the  u  to  come  so  close  up  to  the  o  as  to  produce 

1  It  seems  that  he  was  previously  a  'divine.'     See  p.  112.  2  Probably 

Med.  Dep.  about  1597,  as  may  be  inferred  from  Vaughan's  Life  of  Jackson,  pre- 
fixed to  the  Clarendon  Press  Ed.  of  Jackson's  Works,  vol.  i.  p.  xli.  3  No 
date.  Hyde  was  admitted  Disc,  in  1632.  *  No  date,  but  probably  about 
1654.  5  No  date.  He  was  admitted  Disc.  Ap.  20,  1674.  6  Mr.  Holme 
was,  after  a  vacancy  of  over  three  years,  the  immediate  successor  of  Dr.  Williams. 
He  died  himself  in  1849,  and  had  no  successor. 


374       JACKE  MOUCHER  OR  MOUTHER. 

an  apparent  a.    To  the  reading  /,  the  Dean  objects  that,  in  this  MS., 

the  /  would  be  through  the  line,  thus  AA"C, ,  but,  in  many  places, 


the  MS.  is  so  badly  written  that  it  would  be  difficult  to  lay  down  an 
universal  rule  with  regard  to  the  formation  of  the  letters,  and,  in 
MSS.  of  this  period,  the  two  letters  c  and  /  are  often  almost 
indistinguishable.  Mr.  F.  Adams  (to  whom,  as  well  as  to  the  Dean, 
I  must  express  my  great  obligations  for  the  trouble  he  has  taken 
in  this  matter)  urges  the  objections  to  maicher  and  maither  that 
'they  are  not  Italian  looking,  and  are  scarcely  mended  by  the 
addition  of  an  end-vowel;  if  translated  forms,  they  are  blundered, 
as  they  yield  no  meaning.'  These  objections  appear  to  me  so  valid, 
that  I  think  we  have  to  choose  between  '  moucher'  (which  apparently 
agrees  best  with  the  MS.)  and  '  mouther '  (which,  even  if  it  could  not 
be  reconciled  with  the  MS.,  might  easily  be  a  mistake  of  the  scribe, 
in  copying  either  from  his  own  rough  notes  or  from  the  Articles  of 
Charge).  If  we  suppose  the  reference  to  be  to  Boccaccio,  either  of 
these  words  can  easily  be  explained  as  a  contemptuous  designation. 
To  take  'mouther'  first.  'The  Italian  boccaccia*  (to  quote  from 
Mr.  Adams'  communication  to  Notes  and  Queries,  of  Aug.  20, 
1892,  pp.  151,  2)  'is  a  pejorative  form  of  bocca,  a  mouth,  equivalent 
to  the  modern  colloquial  English  "ugly  mug,"  and  is  therefore  of 
very  offensive  meaning.  To  any  one  possessing  a  knowledge  of 
Latin  and  Italian,  the  name  Boccaccio  (Bocace  or  Bocas)  must 
always  have  brought  to  mind  Lat.  bucca,  the  original  of  Ital.  bocca, 
Fr.  bouche.  Bucca,  however,  not  only  had  the  popular  meaning  of 
mouth,  but  was  employed  figuratively  by  Roman  writers  in  the 
sense  of  "declaimer,"  "bawler,"  or,  as  we  may  say,  "mouther".' 
Cp.  Juvenal  xi.  34.  The  contemptuous  associations  of  the  word 
would  also  be  increased  by  another  of  its  secondary  meanings,  as 
'a  parasite,  one  who  stuffs  out  his  cheeks  in  eating.'  The  word 
'moucher,'  though  it  has  now  dropped  out  of  use,  has,  in  old 
English,  the  meaning  of  a  'glutton,'  and  'Jacke  Moucher'  might  be 
rendered  Jack  '  Gobble-guts,'  a  contemptuous  appellation  still  in  use 
in  North  Lincolnshire  (see  Peacock's  Glossary).  There  is  abundant 
authority  for  the  use  of  the  words  '  mouch '  and  '  moucher,'  in  the 
sense  of  to  'eat  greedily'  and  'a  greedy  eater.'  Thus,  to  refer  to 
authorities  for  which  I  am  indebted  to  Mr.  Adams,  Halliwell  notes 
mouch  as  a  Lincolnshire  word  (he  ought  to  have  said  South  Lincoln- 
shire, for  Mr.  Peacock  informs  me  that  it  is  not  used  in  this  sense  in 


GIOVANNI  BOCCACCI.  375 

North  Lincolnshire),  meaning  'to  eat  greedily';  Rider,  in  the  edition 
of  1627,  explains  it  as  'to  take  up  all';  Littleton,  as  'to  eat  up 
all,  ingurgitare ';  and  Levins  (Manipulus  Vocabulorum,  published 
in  1570)  renders  'a  moucher,  manduco,'  i.e.  a  glutton1.  'The 
mouth,'  says  Mr.  Adams,  'is  that  which  eats;  hence  in  mediaeval 
Latin  bucca  meant  a  servant,  i.e.  "eater."  Boccaccio,*  denoted 
a  large  mouth  as  well  as  an  ugly  one.  So  the  Italian  and  the  Latin 
meanings  seem  in  moucher  to  be  fused  together — big  mouth,  big 
eater.'  '  Jack  the  Glutton  must  then  be  Giovanni  Boccacci  or  John 
of  the  Big  Mouth.' 

On  this  evidence  I  must  leave  my  readers  to  form  their  own 
judgment,  but,  cogent  as  it  is,  it  would  be  more  conclusive  if  any- 
thing like  a  contemporary  instance  could  be  found  of  an  undoubted 
application  to  Boccaccio  of  either  of  these  words. 

1  In  Stratmann's  Middle  English  Dictionary,  ed.  Bradley,  mouchen  is  explained 
to  '  munch  (?),  eat.' 

2  In  the  Delia  Crasca  Vocabolario  (ed.  Manuzzi)  one  of  the  meanings  given  of 
'  Boccaccia '  is  :  '  dicesi  anche  di  Colui  che  parla  in  modo  dissoluto  et  scorretto,' 
i.  e.  of  a  lewd  and  '  improper '  talker,  a  meaning  which  might  easily  pass  into  that 
of  a  buffoon  or  jester,  or  teller  of  stories.     May  not  '  mouther '  be  a  translation  of 
the  word  in  this  sense,  and,  when  applied  to  Boccaccio,  involve  a  play  on  the  two 
words  Boccaccio  and  Boccaccia  ?     Mr.  Adams,  who  thinks  that  my  suggestion  has 
an  important  bearing  on  the  question  between  'mouther'  and  '  moucher,'  has  sent 
me  the  following  apposite  quotation  from  Piers  the  Plowman  (Early  English  Text 
Society),  B  text,  passus  iv,  11.  114,  5  : 

'  Til  lordes  and  ladies  •  louien  alle  treuthe, 
And  haten  al  harlotrye  •  to  heren  it  or  to  mouthen  it.' 


HEGGE'S  CATALOGUE 


OF   THE 


PRESIDENTS,  FELLOWS,  SCHOLARS, 
AND   CHAPLAINS. 

WITH  ADDITIONS  AND   CONTINUATIONS. 


CATALOGUS 

ADMISSORUM 


vel 

Apum   Examina  quotquot 

prodierunt   ex   Alveario 

Reverend!  in  Christo 

patris  Richard! 

Fox  Winton: 

Episcopi. 


CATALOGUS    PR^ESIDENTIUM 

COL.  CORPORIS  CHRISTI  OXON.1 


1517.  Jul.  4.       JOHANNES  CLAYMUNDUS.   (Mar.  5,  1516.) 

1537.     Nov.  26.    ROBERTUS   MORWENT. 

1558.  Nov.  26.  GULIELMUS  CHEDSEY  (admissus  Sept.  15). 

1559.  Dec-  15-  GULIELMUS  BUTCHER. 
1561.  Jan.  3.  THOMAS  GREENWAY. 
1568.  Jul.  19.  GULIELMUS  COLE. 
1598.  Dec.  14.  JOHANNES  REYNOLDS. 
1607.  Jun.  9.  JOHANNES  SPENSER. 
1614.  Jun.  i.  THOMAS  ANYAN. 

1629.  Mai.  i.     JOHANNES  HOLT. 

1630.  Feb.  17.  THOMAS  JACKSON. 
1640.  Oct.  9.     ROBERTUS  NEWLIN. 

1648.  Mai.  22.  EDMUNDUS  STAUNTON — Auct.  Parl. 

1660.  Jul.  31.  ROBERTUS  NEWLIN  readmiss. 

1687.  Mar.  13.  THOMAS  TURNER. 

1714.   Mai.  15.  BASILIUS  KENNETT. 

1714.  Jan.  12.  JOHANNES  MATHER. 

1748.  Apr.  23.  THOMAS  RANDOLPH. 

1783.  Apr.  3.  JOHANNES  COOKE. 

1823.  Feb.  13.  THOMAS  EDVARDUS  BRIDGES. 

1843.  Sep.  1 6.  JACOBUS  NORRIS. 

1872.  Mai.  8.  JOHANNES  MATTHIAS  WILSON. 

1881.  Dec.  23.  THOMAS  FOWLER. 

1  The  dates  from  Turner  onwards  are  those  of  election ;  those  previous  to  Turner 
are  usually  the  dates  of  taking  the  oath,  which  ceremony  was  performed  in  the 
College  after  admission  by  the  Visitor.  In  the  case  of  Claymund,  I  do  not  under- 
stand the  date  of  July  4.  He  was  placed  in  corporal  possession  of  the  College, 
and  thereby  became  President,  on  March  5,  151$.  The  date  affixed  to  Cheadsey's 
name  is  probably  copied,  by  mistake,  from  the  date  above.  He  was  admitted  on 
Sept.  15. 


INCIPIT  CATALOGUS 

EX  LIBRO  ADMISSIONUM  C.C.C.  EXSCRIPTUS1. 


JOHANNES    CLAYMUNDUS. 

Primus  Prseses  C.C.C. 
1517.    Julii  4.    (really  1 5 if,  March  5.)    A.  W.    Ath. 

(1517.  Jun.  22.)  Bob.  Morwent2.    Wig.    Perpet.  Vicepraes.   Sociis 

compar.    (Pr.  1537.) 
(1516.    i.  e.  151^.   Mar.  5.)   Ric.  Clerckson.    Dunelm.    (Ebor.  in 

original  document.)    Decanus.    Soc. 
Mar.  5.    Tho.  Wa(e)lsthe.    Winton.    Soc. 

1  In  this  Catalogue,  the  following  abbreviations  will  be  used :  Soc.  =  Socius  or 
Actual  Fellow ;  Sch.  =  Scholaris  or  Probationary  Fellow ;  Disc.  =  Discipulus  or 
'  Scholar '  in  our  sense.  Where  no  date  is  affixed  to  these  words,  it  must  be  under- 
stood that  the  person  named  was  admitted  in  this  capacity.  If  no  designation 
occurs,  he  was  admitted  as  Discipulus.  A.  W.  =  Antony  Wood ;  Ath.  =  Athenae 
Oxonienses.  p.  refers  to  a  page  of  this  history.  Ep.  =  Episcopus ;  Dec.  =  Decanus ; 
Pr.  =  Prases ;  Prof.  =  Professor.  Of  the  favoured  counties  and  dioceses,  Winton  or 
Hampt.=  Hampshire  ;  Sur.  =  Surrey ;  Dun.  =  Bishopric  of  Durham ;  B.  and  W. 
=  Diocese  of  Bath  and  Wells ;  Som.  =  Somerset ;  Ex.  =  Diocese  of  Exeter ;  Dev. 
=  County  of  Devon  (though  sometimes  the  County  is  used  for  the  Diocese  and 
includes  Cornwall);  Line.  =  Lincolnshire;  Lane.  =  Lancashire;  Cant.  =  County 
of  Kent ;  Ox.  =  County  of  Oxford  ;  Bed.  =  County  of  Bedford ;  Gloc.  =  County 
of  Gloucester ;  Vig.  =  Diocese  of  Worcester ;  Wilt.  =  Wiltshire;  Sar.  =  Diocese  of 
Sarum  ;  Dor.  =  Dorset ;  Ber.  =  Berkshire ;  Fr.  cog.  =  Frost's  kin.  Additions  by 
another  hand,  where  the  facts  are  undoubted,  or  information  extracted  from  the 
Registers,  I  have  not  thought  it  necessary  to  distinguish  by  any  special  sign,  but, 
where  I  have  introduced  any  remark  of  my  own,  I  have  enclosed  it  within  angular 
brackets. 

Where  not  otherwise  stated,  the  year,  down  to  Jan.  i,  1752,  is  the  ecclesiastical 
year,  beginning  on  March  25  and  ending  on  March  24. 

1  have  not,  as  a  rule,  noticed  the  age  of  admission  as  Disc.,  unless  it  falls  below 
14^.     What  strikes  one  most  in  the  early  admissions  is  the  great  variety  of  age, 
ranging,  in  the  case  of  the  Discipuli,  from  below  12  to  over  20.     See  note  under 
R.  Hooker  for  instances  of  the  higher  limit. 

2  Morwent  was  constituted   '  Sociis  compar '  and  perpetual  Vice- President  by 
a  letter  of  the  Founder,  dated  June  22,  1517.     Garthe,  Clerkson,  Treguilion, 
Welshe,  Hoole  and  Fox  (' consanguineus  noster'),  together  with  the  President, 
were  nominated  in  the  'Charta  Fundationis'  signed  by  the  Founder  on  March  i, 
151^,  and  placed  in  corporal  possession  of  the  College  on  March  5  following  (see 
p.  57).     On  Vives  and  Kratzer,  see  note  i,  p.  381.     Ley  is  mentioned  by  Fulman 
(see  note  2,  p.  381).     Of  Greenwent  there  is  no  other  notice  than  that  in  Hegge's 
Catalogue.      From  Widall  onwards,  the  names  occur  in  the  Register.      From 
Morwent  to  Crutcher,  both  inclusive,  the  date  of  admission  is  given  by  Hegge  as 
July  4,  1517,  but,  as  this  is  not  supported  by  the  older  documentary  evidence 
extant,  I  have  removed  it,  and  given  the  real  date,  where  possible,  within  angular 
brackets.     It  is  possible  that  Hegge  had  access  to  some  document  in  which  all 
these  persons,  including  Vives  and  Kratzer,  are  said  to  have  been  admitted  on 
July  4- 


EARLIEST  ADMISSIONS.  381 

Ludov.  Vives1.  Hisp.  Lect.  Human.  (John  Louis  Vives, 
born  at  Valentia  in  Spain,  1492.  Vide  p.  58.)  A.  W.  Ath. 

Mar.  5.   Joh.  Garthe.    Dunelm.   Dispensator.   Soc. 

Mar.  5.   Tho.  Pox.    Lond.    Soc. 

Mar.  5.   Bob.  Trigonwell  (Treguilion).   Ex.   Soc. 

Mar.  5.    Galfridus  Ley2.   Dunelm. 

Mar.  5.   Rob.  Holle  (Hoole).   Line.    Soc. 

Mar.  5.   Bob.  Greenwent.    (No  other  notice  of  him.) 

Mar.  5.  Nic.  Crutcher  (or  Kratzer,  b.  at  Munich  1487.  See  note 
on  L.  Vives  above,  and  p.  85).  A.  W.  Ath.  sub  Kratcher. 

1517.   Jul.  4.   Joh.  Widall.   Lane. 

Jul.  4.      Joh.  Barlow.   Essex.   Disc. 

Jul.  4.      Bic.  Bolney.   Kent.   Disc.    Sch.  1519. 

Jul.  4.      Kenelmus  Dene.   Gloc.   Disc.    Sch.  1519. 

Jul.  4.     Bic.  Cora(e)m.   Lane.   Disc.    Sch.  1519. 

Aug.  9.   Bic.  Weston.   Lond.   Sch. 

Aug.  9.   Tho.  Garret.   Line. 

Aug.  9.    Gul.  Warmington.   Middlesex.    Disc.    Sch.  1519. 

Aug.  9.   Bob.  Warmington.    Middlesex.   Disc.   Sch.  1522. 

Aug.  9.  David  Edwards.  15  yrs.3  Northamp.  Disc.  Schol.  1522. 
(pp.  85,  369-70). 

Aug.  9.   Sy(i)lvester  Genens.    Sur. 

Oct.  21.  Anth.  Barker.   Ber.    Sch.  1519. 

1  There  does  not  seem  to  be  extant  any  contemporary  documentary  evidence 
either  connecting  L.  Vives  and  Kratzer  with  this  particular  date  or  even  shewing 
that  they  were  ever  Fellows.     Yet  they  are  mentioned  (see  p.  88)  by  so  early  an 
author  as  Harpsfeld,  Hist.  Eccl.,  p.  644,  in  connexion  with  the  College  (as  a 
Winchester  school-boy  he  attended  the  Founder's  funeral),  and  Fulman  (Wood 
MSS.  in  Bodleian,  D,  9)  says:    'Ludovicus  Vives  lodged  in  C.  C.  C.,  and,  by 
Tradition,  was  Humanitie  Reader  to  the  Coll.  but  not  mentioned  in  the  Register, 
nor  did  he  stay  long  at  Oxf.'     Wood,  both  in  the  Antiq.  and  the  Athense,  calls 
them  both  '  Fellows, '  and,  in  the  latter  book,  refers  their  admission  to  July  4,  1517, 
but  probably  he  is  simply  following  Hegge's  Catalogue.     The  story  of  '  Vives 
his  bees'  is  told  in  Wood's  Antiq.  sub  C.  C.  C.     (See  p.  71  of  this  book.)     In  the 
Bodleian  MS.,  D,  9,  quoted  above,  Fulman,  criticising  Wood's  account  of  C.  C.  C., 
says,  '  for  my  part,  I  think  they'  (i.  e.  the  C.  C.  C.  lectures)  '  were  the  same '  as  the 
Wolsey  lectures:  'for  Wolsey's  readers  were  there  lodged,  till  he  had  built  his 
Coll.,  and  Lud.  Vives  was  one  of  them.'     For  the  statement  that  the  King,  Queen, 
and  Court,  together  with  the  Founder  and  '  almost  all  the  whole  number  of  Aca- 
demians,'  attended  Vives'  first  lecture  in  C.  C.  C.  Hall,  'with  great  content  and 
admiration,'  see  A.  Wood's  City  of  Oxford,  Clarke's  ed.,  vol.  i.  p.  541.     But  Wood 
cites  no  authority,  and  it  is  difficult,  if  the  account  be  true,  to  explain  his  silence  in 
the  Annals. — It  is  possible  that  Hegge's  bold  inclusion  of  Viv4s  and  Kratzer  in 
the  first  list  of  Members  of  the  Foundation  may  have  had  some  justification,  either 
traditional  or  documentary,  in  respect  to  Bishop  Foxe's  acts,  which  was  not  known 
to  later  antiquaries. 

2  Probably  Disc.,  as  in  Fulman  MSS.,  vol.  u,  there  is  the  entry,  '  Galfrid  Ley, 
Dunelm,  Soc.  1523,  Feb.  14.'     But  there  is  no  corresponding  entry  in  the  Register. 

3  The  age  is  only  given  where  there  is  some  special  reason.  See  note  i,  p.  380.   It 
is  sometimes  impossible  to  give  the  exact  age  in  the  earlier  entries,  either  because 
the  number  of  years  only  is  stated  without  any  further  specification,  or  because 
the  day  and  month  or  the  saint's  day  specified  is  not  distinguished  as  past  or  future, 
as  in  the  present  instance. 


382       ADMISSIONS  OF  FELLOWS  AND  SCHOLARS. 

Oct.  21.  Edw.  Marten.    Sur.    Sch.  1520. 

Oct.  21.  Gul.  Boys.    Gloc. 

1518.1    Apr  6.    Simon  Atk(i)yn.   Dev.    Sch.  1519. 

1519.  Jun.  9.    Hen.  Wi<y)lliams.    Herf.    Sch. 
Jun.  g.     Joh.  Hi(y)nde.    Middlesex.   Sch. 

Jul.  2.     Hie.  Corren.   Lane.    Scholaris,  idem  qui  supr.  Discip.  (July 

4,  i5i7-> 

1520.  Jun.  12.   Matt.  Wnittals  (Why thals).   Kent.    Sch. 

Jun.  1 8.   Job.    (The  surname  is  completely  erased,  but  John  Atkinson 

is  written  in  the  margin.) 
Jun.  1 8.   Gul.  Wye.   Gloc.    Sch.  1523. 
Jun.  1 8.  Edm.  Atkinson.   Dunelm. 
Jun.  1 8.  Hen.  Mann.   Lane.  {Prior  of  Shene  in  Surrey.    Afterwards 

Dean  of  Chester  and  Bishop  of  Man.) 
Jun.  1 8.  Hie.  Bower.   Hertf. 
Jun.  1 8.  Tho.  Crombocke.    Gloc. 
Jun.  1 8.  Joh.  Bolday.    Som.    Sch.  1524. 
Jun.  18.  Nic.  Owdall  (Udall).    Hampt.    Sch.  1524.   (Head  Master 

of  Eton,  pp.  86,  370.)    A.W.   Ath. 
Jan.  2.    Edw.  Wotton.    (According  to  Wood,  b.  in  Oxford.)    Soc. 

Compar.  Assumpt.    (pp.  86,  369-71.)    A.W.   Ath. 

1522.  Jun.  i.   Kic.  Patys2.   Ox.    Sch.   (p.  86.)    A.W.   Ath. 
Jun.  i.    Dav.  Edwards.    Northamp.    Sch.    (Already  admitted  Disc. 

Aug.  9,  1517.) 

Jun.  i.     Joh.  Helyar.    Hampt.    Sch.   A.W.   Ath. 
Dec.  22.  Boland  Huddilston.   Lond. 
Dec.  22.  Joh.  Plumtree.   Nott. 
Dec.  22.  Gul.  Welden.   Northumb.   Sch. 

1523.  Feb.  14  (Historical  year).    Beginald  Pooled    Soc.    Cardi- 

nalis,  et  Cantuariensis  Archiepus. 
Feb.  14.  Joh.  Fox4.    Lond.    Soc.    Archidiacon  de  Surrey. 

1  Brian  Twyne  (Collectanea,  MS.  280  in  C.  C.  C.  Library,  fol.  214 b,  231  a)  says 
that  Henry Wyllys  was  one  of  the  early  Fellows  and  should  appear  under  this  year. 
But  his  name  does  not  occur,  as  a  Fellow,  in  the  Register,  and  both  in  Hegge's 
list  and  that  of  Allen  (MS.  280,  fol.  232  b)  it  occurs  first  in  the  list  of  Chaplains. 

2  Mr.  C.  L.  Eastlake,  Keeper  of  the  National  Gallery,  regards  one  of  the  figures 
in  Holbein's  celebrated  picture  of  the  Ambassadors  as  representing  this  Pate,  Pates, 
or  Patys,  who,  before  he  was  raised  to  the  Episcopate,  was  employed  in  several 
embassies  by  Henry  VIII.     If  the  other  figure  be,  as  Mr.  Eastlake  conjectures,  Sir 
Hugh  Askew,  the  combined  surnames  make  '  Pate-askew,'  of  which  words  the 
distorted  skull,  which  forms  so  curious  an  accessory  in  the  picture,  may  be  '  a 
punning  symbol,  in  keeping  with  the  quaint  humour  of  the  sixteenth  century.' 
See  Mr.  Eastlake's  letter  to  the  Times,  Dec.  8,  1891. 

3  In  the  Register,  the  name  and  some  words  following  are  obliterated.     Regi- 
naldus  Polle   has   been   subsequently  inserted.     Reginaldus  Poole  is  written   in 
another  hand  in  the  margin,  and,  in  a  third  hand,  D8  Reginaldus  Polle.     R.  Pole 
is  said  to  have  been  born,  in  1500,  at  Stovertonor  Stourton  Castle  in  Staffordshire. 

4  There  was  a  John  Fox  Archdeacon  of  Surrey  (date  not  determined),  and  a 
John  Fox  Archdeacon  of  Winchester  ('  nearly  related  to  Bp.  Foxe,'  according  to 
A.  Wood,  Fasti)  in  1519.     Were  they  the  same  ?     If  so,  both  Pole  and  Fox  held 
high  ecclesiastical  preferment  at  the  time  of  their  admission  to  their  Fellowships. 


FROM  1517    TO   1530.  383 

Aug.  14  (Eccl.  year).   Job  Dumie.   Ex.    Sch. 

1524.  Jul.  2.    Joh.  Dyott.    Dorc.    Sch.  Assumpt.  1525. 
Jul.  2.     Chris.  Roper.   Kent. 

Jul.  2.      Tho.  Lymell.    Shrop. 

Jul.  2.  Tho.  Goyge.  Winton.  (i.e.  Hants.).  Sch.  elect.  1526. 
Hi  omnes  non  electi,  sed  assumpti  ad  instantias  magna- 
tum  aFundatore  (i.  e.  all  down  to  and  including  Goyge). 

Sep.  3.     Joh.  Rodes.   Line.    Sch.    Prob.  elect. 

1525.  Aug.  5.   Joh.  Gybbys.    Gloc.   Sch.  Prob.  elect. 
Aug.  5.    Rob.  Savage,   War.    Sch.   Prob.  Assumpt. 

1526.  Mar.  i.   Joh.  Edwards.   Som.   Sch. 

1527.  Mar.  17.   Joh.  Gybryshe.   Cicestren.    20  y.    (As  to  age,  cp. 

other  cases,  given  under  R.  Hooker,  1573.) 
Mar.  17.  Tho.  Cater.    Ox. 
Mar.  17.  Gul.  Shallock.   Line. 
Mar.  17.  Chris.  Litcott.    Ber. 
Mar.  17.  Gul.  Smith.   Lane.    Sch.  1531. 
Mar.  17.  Gill.  Phylpott.    Sur. 
Mar.  17.  Rog.  Peers.   Som. 
Mar.  17.  Alex.  Scoot.   Dev. 
Mar.  17.  Hen.  Stanert.   Dunelm. 

1528.  Jun.  1 6.    Tho.  Slatter.   Dev.  Sch.  Hoc  anno  obiit  Ri.  Fox  F. 

(Oct.  5-> 

fun.  1 6.    Joh.  Standish.   Lane.    Sch.   A.  W.   Ath. 

Jun.  1 6.  Jac.  Marble.  Hert.  Sch.  Assumpt.  non  electus.  (Insti- 
tuted by  the  Founder  '  ad  instantiam  magnatum  ') 

Jun.  1 6.    Tho.  Huchi(y)nson.    Ox.    Sch. 

Jun.  16.    Joh.  Shepery(Shepreve).  Ber.  Sch.  (p.7Q.)  A.W.  Ath. 

Jun.  1 6.    Gul.  Phi(y)lpott.    Hampt.    Sch. 

Jun.  1 6.    Hen.  Stafford.   Dunelm.   Sch. 

Jun.  1 6.    Gul.  Skri(y)ven.   Bed.    14. 

Jun.  1 6.    Jac.  Stud.   Lond. 

Jun.  1 6.    Edw.  Plankney.   Line.   Sch.  1531.    14. 

Jun.  16.  Jac.  Brookes.  Southampt.  (Broxe  in  Register.)  Sch. 1531. 
(p.  86.)  Episc.  Gloc.  A.W.  Ath. 

Jun.  1 6.    Ric.  Hooper.    Gloc. 

Jun.  16.    Leonard  Ardren.    Ox.    Sch.  1532. 

Jun.  1 6.    Geo.  Stremer.   Dev.    Sch.  1531. 

Jun.  1 6.    Rog.  Morwent.    Gloc.    Sch.    1532. 

Mar.i6.  Gul.  Chedsey.    Som.    Sch.  1531.   Pr.  1558.   A.W.    Ath. 

Mar.  1 6.  Gul.  Allway.   Dev. 

1530.    Sep.  28.    Gul.  Clifton.   Kent. 

Sep.  28.     Joh.  Master.    Som. 

Sep.  28.     Art.  Cooke.    Hampt. 

Sep.  28.     Clemens  Perott.   Ox. 

Sep.  28.     Joh.  Glover.    Sur.    Sch.  1534. 

Sep.  28.     Ric.  Fisher.    Hampt.    Sch.  1534. 

Sep.  28.     Geo.  Grisold.   Wig. 


384       ADMISSIONS  OF  FELLOWS  AND  SCHOLARS. 

Sep.  28.     Gul.  Hygdon.   Line.   Sch.  1533. 

1532.  Apr.  27.   Job.  Garret.   Line.   Sch.  1536. 
Apr.  27.   Hugo  Goode  (Gode).    Som.    Sch.  1534. 
Apr.  27.    Gul.  Hamond.    Sur.    147.  4m. 

Apr.  27.   Hugo  Turnbull.    Line.    Sch.  1536. 

Apr.  27.   Bie.  Martial.    Kent.    Sch.  1538.    Decan.  JSdis  Chr.  Ox. 

Jun.  7.       Tho.  Erley.   Dev. 

Jul.  24.     Jac.  Curtopp1.   Kent.   Sch.  1534.    (Canon  of  Ch.  Ch.  and 

Dean  of  Peterborough. } 

Jul.  28.     Edm.  Marvi(y)n.    Hampt.   Sch.  1536. 
Aug.  6.     Hen.  Ryley.    Lane.    Sch.  1536. 
Sep.  26.     Bic.   Pate.    Gloc.     (Founder   of  Cheltenham  Grammar 

School.    See  pp.  34-5.) 

1533.  Feb.  17  (Eccl.  year).    Job.  Gale.    Dev. 
Feb.  17.    Gul.  Bulkley.   Bed. 

Feb.  17.    Bic.  Bartew.    (Bertie.   Vide  p.  86.)    Hampt. 

1534.  Mar.  26.    Gerv.  Linch.    Kent.    Sch.  1537. 
Oct.  7.      Gul.  Taylour.   Dun.    Sch. 

Nov.  ii.  Gul.Butcher (Boucher, Reg.).  Som.  Sch.  1539.  Pr.  1559. 
Nov.  1 1 .  Geo.  Ederich.    Ox.   Sch.  1538.    (George  Etheridge,  Reg. 

Prof.  Greek.) 
Nov.  11.  Job.  Lane.    Hampt. 

1535.  Feb.  23  (Historical  year).   Joh.  Morwen.   Dev.   Graecae  lin- 

guae lector  cuius  qusedam  opuscula  Graece  et  Latine  propria 
manu  scripta  habentur  in  Bibliotheca  Bodleana.  Hegge. 
A.W.  Ath. 

(Eccl.  year.)    Apr.  12.    Jac.  Hill  (HyUe,  Reg.).   Bed. 

Apr.  12.    Car.  Bulkley.   Hampt. 

1536.  Jan.  22  (Historical  year).   Hen.  Walshe.   Wig.   Sch.  1543. 
Jan.  22.    Bic.  Bowre.   Lane. 

Aug.  3  (Eccl. year).  Bodolph.  Bobinson.  Line.  Sch.  1542.  (Men- 
tioned as  a  translator  of  More's  Utopia,  &c.  A.W.  Ath.) 

Jan.  (no  day  given).   Job.  Procter.    Som.   A.  W.   Ath. 

Jan.   Bob.  Bound  (or  Bownde).   Dor.    Sch.  1537. 

Jan.  26.  Tho.  Greenway  (or  Greneway).  Hampt.  Sch.  1541. 
Pr.  1561. 

BOBEBTUS  MOBWENT. 
Secundus  Prseses.     1537.  Nov.  26. 

1537.  Dec.  i.   Joh.  Guning  (or  Gunnynge).   Som. 
Dec.  i.      Joh.  Fowler.    Gloc.    Sch.  1541. 

Dec.  i.       Gul.  Bowghton.    Kent.   Sch.  1540. 

1  Curtopp  was  an  adherent  and  friend  of  Peter  Martyr,  and  a  patron  of  Jewel,  but 
he  reverted  to  the  Romish  religion  in  the  time  of  Mary.  He  wrote  an  Oratio 
Panegyrica,  addressed  to  Henry  VIII,  in  1544.  There  is  a  curious  story,  con- 
necting his  death  with  a  dream  of  Jewel,  told  in  Humfrey's  Life  of  Jewel,  p.  31. 


FROM  1530   TO   1545.  385 

Dec.  i.       Gul.  Mylton.    Hampt. 

1538.    Apr.  26.   Hog.  Welden.    (Northumberland.)    Sch.  1542. 

Apr.  26.   Hob.  Tyndar.   Wilton.    13  10.   Sch.  1543. 

Mai.  7.     Florentinus  Elys.   Ox. 

Mai.  7.     Gul.  Peter.   Dev.    13  10. 

Feb.  21.    Ric.  Heyward.    Kent.   Sch.  1544. 

(1539.)   Mar.  26.   Anth.  Dysney.   Line. 

Mar.  26.  Rob.  Nebb.    Hampt. 

Jul.  12.     Joh.  Moryng.   Dev.   Sch. 

Aug.  19.   Egidius  Lawrence.    Gloc.    (Fellow  of  All  Souls.    Reg. 

Prof.  Greek.   Archdeacon  of  Wilts.) 
Aug.  19.   Joh.  Jewel  (Juell)1.    Dev.    Sch.   1542.     (pp.  91-8.) 

A.W.   Ath. 
Dec.  20.     Joh.  Freeman.   Gloc.    Sch. 

1540.  Mai. 11.  Ric. Edwards.  Som.  Sch.i544.  (p.ioi.)  A.W.  Ath. 
Mai.  ii.   Gul.  Pannell.   Som. 

1541.  Mar.  29.   Joh.  Lybi(y)n.   Som.   Sch.  1547. 
Mar.  29.  Tho.  Ogle  (Ogull.  Reg.).   Line. 

Mar.  29.  Chris.  Edmunds.   Ox.    14  2. 

Mai.  6.     Ric.  Peter.   Dev.   Sch.  1546. 

Jul.  1 6.     Ric.  Cooke.    Hampt. 

Aug.  19.   Anth.  Pollard.   Sur. 

Aug.  19.    Gul.  Bullman.    Som. 

Aug.  19.   Chris.  Mi(y)chell.    Lane.    14.   Sch.  1545. 

Nov.  4.      Justinianus  Lancaster.   Hampt.    Sch.  1545. 

1542.  Mai.  24.   Chris.  Madewell.    Line. 

Mai.  24.    Franc.  Ashley.    Dunelm.    Co.  Durham.    14.    Sch.  1547. 

Oct.  10.     Edw.  Maske.    Kent. 

Oct.  10.     Erasmus  Prin.    Gloc.    144. 

Dec.  31.    Tho.  Elder.   Bed. 

1543.  Mai.  12.   Joh.  Batt.   Dev. 
Mai.  12.  Tho.  Plumtree.   Line. 
Aug.  17.   Walt.  Read.   Gloc.    14. 

1544.  Mai.  9.  Joh.  Cooke.   Hampt. 

Aug.  13.   Leon.  Ranolph.   Kent.    (Spelt  Randolphe  in  margin  of 

Reg.,  and  Randolle  in  admission  as  Sch.)    Sch.  1547. 
Aug.  13.   Joh.  Jones.    Ox.    14  2.    Sch.  1549. 
Dec.  13.    Rob.  Linch  (Lynche).   Kent.    13  i\. 

1545.  Mai.  4.    Gul.  Gerrell.   Wilton. 

Jul.  28.     Gul.  Cole.    Line.    Sch.    (Probably  born  at  Grantham.  See 
p.  124.)  Praesesis68.  Dec.  Line.  A.W.  Ath.  An.  Antiq. 
Jul.  28.     Joh.  Bold.   Lane.   Sch.  1548. 
Jul.  28.     Gul.  Heron.    Dunelm.    Co.  Durham. 

1  Jewel,  according  to  Lawrence  Humfrey,  was  born  May  24,  1522,  and  was, 
therefore,  about  17  yrs.  3  months  old  at  his  admission  at  C.C.C.  In  the  Register, 
he  is  described  as  1 7  when  admitted  Disc.,  '  circiter  diem  Simonis  et  Judas ' 
(Oct.  28),  but  whether  past  or  to  come  is  not  stated.  In  the  form  of  his  admission 
as  Sch.,  he  is  described  as  21,  'circiter  diem  vicesimum  mensis  Maii  prox.' 

C  C 


386      ADMISSIONS  OF  FELLOWS  AND  SCHOLARS 

Jul.  28.     Bie.  Bechinsaull.    Hampt. 

Aug.  25.  Egidius  George.   Gloc.    Sch.  1548.    (p.  371.) 

Feb.  26.    Gul.  Good.    Som.    Sch.  1548.    Hum.  Lector.    A.  W.   Ath. 

fed.  26.    Job.  Laurence.    Som.    Sch.  1548. 

1546.  Aug.  6.   Geo.  Phetiplace.   Bed.    14  4.   Sch.  1550. 
Aug.  6.     Job.  Dolber.   Dev.   Sch.  1549. 

Oct.  19.     Bic.  Allen.    Gloc.    Sch. 

1547.  Apr.  2.    Tho.  Thacham.   Gloc.    Sch. 
Nov.  7.     Gilb.  Marsant.    Hampt.    136. 
Nov.  7.     Gul.  Talbot.   Dor. 

Dec.  17.    Bic.  Hall.   Hampt.    13  4. 

Jun.  (?/a«.)  17.    Gul.  Girle.   Wilton. 

Jun.  (1  Jan.}  22.  Bob.  Keye.   Wilton. 

Jun.  (?  Jan.)  22.   Tho.  Ki(or  y)rton.   Gloc.    Sch.  1550. 

Jun.  (?  Jan.)  22.  Pet.  TTmphres  (or  Humphres).   Ox. 

Jun.  (1  Jan.)  22.   Walt.  Curson.    Ox.    Sch.  1551. 

Mar.  21.  Edw.  Kingesmel.    Hampt.    Sch. 

Mar.  21.  Edw.  Gilford.    Kent. 

Mar.  21.  Job.  Byve.   Dev.    Sch.  1554. 

1548.  Apr.  21.   Jac.  Bell.    Som.    Sch.  1551.    ( One  of  the  first  Fel- 

lows of  Trinity.  Confounded  with  John  Bell,  who  was 
admitted  Lect.  Hum.  Jan.  30,  i56|,  q.  v.)  A.  W.  Ath. 

Apr.  21.    Edw.  Boughton.   Kent.    Sch.  1551. 

Apr.  21.  Jasper  Turnbull.   Line. 

Jun.  15.  Hieron.  Beynolds.  Dev.  Sch.  1556.  (pp.  110-113.) 
A.W.  Ath. 

Jun.  15.    Joh.  Esden.   Kent.    Sch.  1557.    (Spelt  Ersden.) 

1549.  Aug.  27.  Tho.  Thomson  (Tomson).   Dunelm. 

Aug.  27.  Geo.  Cartwright.    Nott.    Admissus  in  Discipulum  man- 
date Delegatorum  Domini  Regis  Edw.  6.    (pp.  99,  100.) 
Jan.  10.    Gul.  Nayler.   Line.    Sch.  1552. 
Mar.  12.  Joh.  Hodges.   Gloc. 
Mar.  12.  Nich.  Grey.   Dev. 

1550.  Jun.  23.  Anth.  Mervin.   Hampt. 
Nov.  25.   Gul.  Walden.    Ber. 

Nov.  25.  Joh.  Jones.  Gloc.  Sch.  1554. 
Nov.  25.  Chris.  Gill.  Som.  Sch.  1552. 
Nov.  25.  Edw.  Anne.  Ox.  (pp.  96-7.) 

1551.  Apr.  13.   Geo.  Parke.   Line. 

Oct.  12.    Tho.  Basset.    Hampt.    Sch.  1552. 

Oct.  12.    Bob.  Hicford.   Gloc.    Sch.  1552. 

Oct.  12.     Gul.  Mugg.   Kent.    Sch.  1553. 

Oct.  12.     Bog.  Prin.    Gloc. 

(Feb.  20.  Jasper  Turnbull1.   Line.    Sch.  1555.) 

1  This  Jasper  Turnbull,  who  corresponds  with  the  one  admitted  Sch.  in  1555,  is 
evidently  different  from  the  one  admitted  Disc,  in  1548,  unless  there  is  some 
mistake  in  one  of  the  entries. 


FROM  1545   TO  1557.  387 

Feb.  20.     Hob.  Harrison1.   Lane.    (p.  125.) 

Feb.  20.    Tho.  Payne.   Dor.   Sch.  1554. 

Feb.  20.    Tho.  James.    Som. 

Feb.  20.    Hen.  Bedell.    Ox. 

{Feb.  20.  Beg.  Braye.    Bed.) 

1552.  Jul.  30.   Alex.  Dunnet.   Hampt. 

Jul.  30.     Job.  Holwell.   Dev.    14  4. 

Sep.  29.    Steph.  White.    Sur.   Sch.  1552. 

1553(2).   Mar.  24.   Marcus  Courl.   Hampt.   Sch.  1554. 

Mar.  24.  Walt.   Ringwood.     Hampt.     (Admitted   Sch.   as   Walt. 

Kingswood,  Mar.  3,  1555.) 
Mar.  24.  Gul.  Phelps.    Som.   Sch.  1557. 
Mar.  24.  Gul.  Gressop.    Ber.    (i.e.  Dioc.  Sarum.)    Sch.  1558. 
Aug.  23.   Nic.  Heyward.   Kent.    Sch.  1557. 
Aug.  23.   Bic.  Sanders  (or  Saunders).   Gloc. 
Aug.  23.   Edw.  Hopkinson.   Line.   Sch.  1554. 
Aug.  23.   Andreas  Kingsme(y)ll.    Hampt.    141.   A.  W.   Ath. 

1554.  Jun.  9.    Gul.  Absolon.   Kent.    Sch.  1556. 
Jun.  9.      Joh.  Brooks  (Brokes).   Wig.    Sch.  1555. 
Jun.  9.      Tho.  Sampole  (St.  Paul).   Line. 

Jun.  9.      Joh.  Angell.   Gloc. 

Jun.  9.      Joh.  Bond  (Bounde.  Reg.).   Line.    14  z\.   Sch.  1557. 
Jul.  31.     Jac.  Fenn.   Som.   Sch.  1558. 
Jul.  31.     Joh.  David.   Dev.  ' 
Feb.  1 6.     Walt.  Roche.   Dev.   Sch.  1558. 
Feb.  1 6.     Anth.  Molynax.   Lane. 

Feb.  16.  Gul.  Shepreve.  Ber.  (Le.  Dioc.  Sarum.)  14.  Sch.  1558. 
A.W.  Ath. 

1555.  Mai.  18.   Perciv.  WaU.   Dunelm.    Sch.  1556. 
Mai.  1 8.   Geo.  Huet.    Bed.    13  9. 

Aug.  31.   Hen.  Townrow.   Line. 
Mar.  3.     Bic.  Phelps.   Ox. 

1556.  Jun.  26.   Joh.  Scolard.    Hampt.    Sch.  1558. 
Jun.  26.    Edm.  Thomas.   Hampt. 

Aug.  14.  Hen.  Wotton.  Proc.  Univ.  Graecse  linguae  Lector.  (Of 
Ch.  Ch.  On  being  elected  Greek  Reader  and  Fellow  of 
C.  C.  C,  he  was,  by  the  Statutes,  obliged  to  resign  the 
Proctorship.) 

Sep.  28.     Gul.  Clerck.   Hampt.    14.    Sch.  1559. 

Sep.  28.    Joh.  Lightfoot.   Gloc. 

Jan.  8.  Milo  Windesore.  Hampt.  Sch.  1560.  (pp.  101,  126.) 
A.W.  Ath. 

1557.  Jul.  31.   Joh.  Lancaster.    Som. 

Aug.  17.  Edm.  Reynolds.  Dev.  Sch.  1559.  (pp.  76, 126,  159-60.) 

1  There  is  a  Robert  Harrison  admitted  Sch.  May  5,  1555,  and  then  said  to  be 
1 6  years  of  age.  Is  there  some  mistake  in  one  entry  or  the  other,  or  are  they 
different  persons  ? 

C  C  2, 


388      ADMISSIONS  OF  FELLOWS  AND  SCHOLARS 

Aug.  17.  Lauren.  Twine.    Kent. 

Aug.  17.  Tho.  Chaff.   Dev. 

Aug.  17.  Bog.  Johnson.   Bed.    14  4.    Sch.  1560. 

Nov.  5.     Radulphus  Wood.   Gloc.    Sch.  1558. 

Jan.  28.    Milo  Leigh.   Lane.    14  4. 

Jan.  28.   Joh.  Hall.    Line. 

1558.  Jun.  9.   Jac.  Tonge.    Kent.    Sch.  1560. 

Aug.  20.  Geo.  Harris.   Gloc. 

Aug.  20.  Edw.  Bowden.   Dunelm.    Co.  Durham.    Sch.  1561. 

GULIELMUS   CHEDSEY. 
Tertius  Praeses.    1558.    (Sep.  15.) 

1558.  Jan.  24.   Bog.  Jaques.    Hampt.    Sch.  1560. 
Jan.  24.     Humf.  Ashfleld.    Ox. 

Mar.  24.  Steph.  Hardy.    Sur. 

Mar.  24.  Ludov.  Mugg.   Kent. 

Mar.  24.  Joh.  Hooke.    Dunelm.   Co.  Durham. 

Mar.  24.  Augustinus  G-olsborowgh.    Wilton.   Sch.  1561. 

1559.  Apr.  14.   Joh.  Bayner.    Line. 

Apr.  14.  Simon  Tripp.   Dev.    Sch.  1563.   (pp.  122,  133-7.) 

Oct.  20.  Hen.  Wood.   Wig. 

Oct.  20.  Bic.  Joyner.    Ox.    Sch.  1564. 

Oct.  20.  Art.  Greenacres.   Lane.    127. 

GULIELMUS  BUTCHEB  (or  BOCHEB,  or  BOUCHEB). 
Quartus  Prseses.     1559.   Dec.  15. 

1559.  Jan.  2.   Tho.  Weston.   Kent. 
Jan.  2.       Andreas  Dowle.    Gloc. 
Jan.  2.       Tho.  Lancaster.    Som.    14. 

1560.  Jun.  21.   Joh.  Sprint.   Gloc.    13  n.    Sch.  1563. 
Jun.  21.     Tho.  Sclocomb  (or  Slocombe).   Gloc. 

Jut.  6.        Tho.  Twine.    Kent.    139.    Sch.  1564.    (Father  of  Brian 

Twine  and  a  considerable  author.)    A.  W.    Ath. 
Oct.  12.     Tho.  Gi(or  y)llingham.   Dor.    Sch.  1566. 
Oct.  12.     Geo.  Bound.    Line.  Sch.  1561. 
Oct.  12.     Steph.  Bull.    Kent.    13  6. 
Oct.  12.     Tho.  Humphres.   Ox.    139. 
Nov.  2.      Tho.  Portescu.    Dev.    Sch. 
Jan.  14.     Joh.  Lancaster.    Som.   Sch. 
Mar.  21.  Bic.  Webb.    Som.    Sch.  1564. 
Mar.  21.  Gul.  Turnbull.    Line.    12  10. 
Mar.  21.  Anth.  Tye.   Dev.   133. 

1561.  Jul.  20.   Nic.  Norwood.   Bed.    13. 
Jul.  20.     Tho.  Merist.    Sur. 

Jul.  20.     Bic.  Allyn.   Line.    13  10.    Sch.  1566. 
Oct.  4.      Hen.  Sterr.   Dor. 
Dec.  13.    Tho.  Morres  (Norresse.  Reg.).  Lane. 


FROM  1557    TO   1567.  389 

THOMAS  GREENWAY. 
Quintus  Presses.     1561.   Jan.  3. 

(156f.  Jan.  30.  Job.  Belle.  Lect.  Hum.  'pro  com.  Surrey.'  He 
was  an  extern,  probably  from  Oriel  (see  note  on  pp.  371-2, 
and  Foster,  under  John  Belly).  In  the  Libri  Magni  spelt 
Bellie  or  Belly.) 

1562.  Feb.  6.  Joh.  Barefoot.  Hampt.  Sch.  1566.  {pp.  124, 139-41.) 

1563.  Apr.  29.    Tho.  Greenway.   Hampt. 

Apr.  29.    Joh.  Reinolds.    Dev.    Disc,  at  13  7.    Prob.  Fellow  at  17. 

Sch.  1566.     Pr.  1598.   A.W.   Ath. 
JuL  9.        G-eo.  Rudd.   Westmorl.   Admissus  Soc.  et  Lect.  Gr.  Ling. 

(One  of  the  first  Fellows  of  Trinity.    Warton's  Life  of 

Pope,  p.  399.) 

Dec.  24.     Rog.  Charnock.    Lane.    14.   Sch.  1566. 
Feb.  12.     Hen.  Coo(or  w)per.    145.    Hampt.    Sch.  1568. 
Mar.  3.     Chris.  Ranson.   Dunelm.   Co.  Durham.    Sch.  1568. 

1564.  Sep.  5.   Hen.  Evans.    Gloc.   Civ.  Gloc.    14.   Sch.  1566. 
Nov.  g.     Joh.  Petty.    Hampt.    Sch. 

Nov.  27.   Ric.  Kyre.   Kent. 
Nov.  27.    Gul.  Smith.   Hampt.    Sch.  1568. 
Nov.  27.   Joh.  Withers.   Dev.    14  5. 

Nov.  27.  Tho.  Lightfoot.  Gloc.  Civ.  Gloc.  (Mayismoore,  i.e.  Mais- 
more). 

Nov.  27.    Tho.  Simonson.   Kent. 
Dec.  8.      Peter  Temple.   Ox.    135. 

1565.  JuL  20.   Joh.  Matthew.   Wilton. 
Oct.  g.       Joh.  Lane.   Dev.   Sch.  1568. 

Jan.  5.      Michael  Parker.   Gloc. 

Jan.  5.      Geo.  Napper  (or  Napier).    Ox.    1311.    (pp.  126-7.) 

1566.  Apr.  12.   Rog.  Lancaster.    Som.    Sch.  1566. 
Apr.  12.   Joh.  Pottle.   Gloc.    13.   Sch.  1568  at  15  4. 
Sep.  25.     Joh.  Norton.   Hampt.    13  8.    Sch.  1569  at  16  7. 

Nov.  g.  Ric.Turnbull.  Line.  1310.  Sch.  1569  at  1 6  7.  A.W.  Ath. 

Nov.  g.  Joh.  St(y)ile.   Bed. 

Nov.  g.  Gul.  Cullam.   Dev.   Sch.  1573. 

Nov.  g.  Car.  Bi(y)ngham.  Dor.    Sch.  1568. 

Feb.  25.  Joh.  Cheyney.   Hampt.   Sch.  1568. 

Feb.  25.  Geo.  Bagge.   Som. 

Feb.  25.  Tho.  Key.   Line.    Sch.  1568. 

Feb.  25.  Tho.  Beynam.   Gloc. 

1567.  Aug.  15.   Walt.  Jones.    Ox.    Sch.  1569. 
Oct.  20.  Tho.  Culpeper.    Kent.    145.    Sch.  1570. 
Oct.  20.  Joh.  Nott.    Sur. 

Oct.  20.     Ric.  Stephens.   Gloc.    Sch.  1569 


390      ADMISSIONS  OF  FELLOWS  AND  SCHOLARS 

GULIELMUS  COLE. 
Sextus  Presses.     1568.  Jul.  19. 

1568.  Aug.  6.    Geo.  Hanson.    Line.    Sch.  1573. 
Aug.  6.     Milo  Bodley  (or  Bodeley).   Dev. 
Aug.  6.      Tho.  Cole.   Gloc.   Sch.  1575. 

Aug.  6.     Jon.  Sledd.    Sur. 

Aug.  6.      Gul.  Napper  (or  Napier).    Hampt.    Sch. 

Aug.  n.    Tho.  Watts.   Wilton.   Elected  for  Somerset. 

Oct.  15.     Jon.  Seller.   Lane.    Sch.  1570. 

Feb.  7.       Jon.  Cole.   Dor.    Sch.  1570. 

Feb.  7.       Petrus  Prye.    Dev.   Sch.  1574. 

Feb.  7.       Humf.  Coles.    Kent.   Sch.  1571. 

Feb.  7.       Leonardus  Tayler.   Ox.    Sch.  1574. 

1569.  Aug.  20.   Bob.  Pister.   Hampt. 
Aug.  20.   Tho.  Knight.    Sur.    Sch.  1572. 
Aug.  20.   Franc.  Baker.   Bed.    Sch.  1571. 
Aug.  20.   Joh.  Alen.   Line. 

Aug.  20.   Joh.  Willoms.   Wig.    (El.  for  Hants.) 

Aug.  20.    Gul.  Leche.   Bed. 

Aug.  20.   Joh.  Greenway.   Hampt.    Sch.  1574. 

1570.  Oct.  6.   Nic.  Morice.    Som.    Sch.  1574.  Lector  Humanitatis. 

<PP-  133-4,  MS-6;  ^S-) 
Dec.  i.       Sam.  Beck.   Ox.    Sch. 
Feb.  9.       Hugo  Barnard.   Cant.    Sch.  1572. 
Feb.  9.       Gul.  Harward.   Gloc.   Sch.  1579. 
Feb.  9.       Joh.  Powell.   Wilton. 

1572.  Apr.  4.   Steph.  Gossons l.   Cant. 
Apr.  4.      Gul.  Wilde.    Lane. 

Apr.  4.      Bic.  Cobb.   Hampt.    Sch.  1579. 

Dec.  13,    Nic.  Collet.   Hampt. 

Mar.  13.  Gul.  Nutt.    Cant.    Sch.  1577. 

1573.  Jul.  ii.    Joh.  Walward.   Som.    Sch.  1576. 
Dec.  24.     Gul.  Nicholson.   Cant.    Sch. 

Dec.  14.  Car.  Turnbull.  Line.  Sch.  1579.  Qui  Horoscopum  in 
area  quadrata  C.C.C.  erexit.  (pp.  153,  183.)  A.W.  Ath. 

Dec.  24.  Bic.  Hooker.  Dev.  Sch.  Sep.  16,  1577.  Elect.  Disc,  pro 
Com.  Hampt.  set.  19  an.  &  9  mens.2  (pp.  147-153.) 
A.W.  Ath. 

1  A.  W.  Ath.  Ox.    Described  as  of  Ch.  Ch.     But  this  must  be  a  mistake  for 
C.  C.  C.,  as  the  date  of  election  is  exactly  the  same  as  that  here  given.     See  also 
A.  Clark's  Register,  vol.  ii.  pt.  3,  p.  62. 

2  Hooker  is  described  on  admission  as  20  about  Easter  following.     Easter  Day 
in  1574  fell  on  April  u.     The  statutable  limits  of  age  for  a  Disciple  were  12  and 
19,  but,  in  cases  of  pre-eminent  excellence,  it  might  be  extended  to  21.     Cp.  ad- 
mission of  Edm.  Thomas  in   1556,  who  was  about  the  same  age  as  Hooker,  of 
W.  Girle  in  1547,  who  is  described  as  20,  Roger  Morwent  in  1528,  also  20,  and 
J.  Gybryshe  in  1527,  also  20,  besides  several   instances  of  '  discipuli  assumpti ' 
soon  after  the  foundation  of  the  College,  whose  ages  were  19  or  20.    Soon  after 


FROM  1568  TO  1582.  391 

1574.  Apr.  3.  Hen.Howke.  Sur.  14  2.  Disc.  Adm.  1572.  Jurat.  1574. 
Aug.  13.   Tho.  Bishopp.    Ox. 

Mar.  1 8.  Franc.  Wright.   Line. 

1575.  fun.  10.   Job.  Sherburne.    Hampt. 
fun.  10.     Ambrosius  Hill.    Som. 

fun.  10.     Job.  Martyn.   Bed. 
fun.  10.     Gul.  Brodoek.    Hampt. 
Jan.  6.       Joh.  Langley.   Cant. 

1576.  Mar.  31.    Gul.  Tye.   Dev. 

Sep.  3.       Bic.  Burden.   Dunelm.   Co.  Durham. 

Nov.  13.    Gul.  Waterer.   Sur. 

Nov.  13.   Hen.  Parry.   Wilton.    Glocest.  deinde  Episcopus  Wigorn- 

iensis.    14  2.    Sch.  1586.   A.  W.   Ath. 
Jan.  4.      Joh.  Lucas.    Som.    Sch.  1585. 
Jan.  4.      Bob.  Allott.   Line. 
Jan.  4.      Edna.  Norton.    Hampt.    13  n. 

1577.  Sep.    16.    Edw.   Sands.     Wig.     Sch.   1579.     (pp.    153-4.) 

A.  W.   Ath. 

Sep.  1 6.     Chris.  Langley.   Cant.    Sch.  1583. 
Sep.  1 6.     Geo.  Sellar.   Lane. 
fan.  10.     Gul.  Stayning.   Dev. 
Jan.  10.     Gul.  Wright.   Bed.    14  2. 
Jan.  10.     Geo.  Cranmer.   Cant.   123.   Juratus  Dec.  22,  1579.   Sch. 

J583-    <PP-  I53-4-)   A.W.   Ath. 

1578.  fun.  10.   Joh.  Spenser.    Suff.    Graecae  linguae  Lector  pridie 

elect,  et  adm.  Nunc  jurat,  et  7  Mali  1579  Soc.  Adm.  pro 
dioc.  Sarum.    (vide  pp.  143-4.)   Pr.  1607.   A.W.   Ath. 

1579.  Sep.  4.   Franc.  Towes.    Som.   Sch.  1586. 
Sep.  4.       Justinianus  Whiting,    Ox. 

Sep.  4.  Sam.  Kyrk.   Gloc.   Sch.  1582. 

Sep.  4.  Bic.  Ackworth.    Hampt.    14.    Sch.  1588. 

Feb.  6.  Gul.  Fulbeck.    Line.   Sch.  1582.   A.W.   Ath. 

Feb.  6.  NIC.  Ively  (Eveleighe,  when  adm.  Sch.).  Dev.  Sch.  1588. 

Feb.  6.  Chris.  Lacy.  Gloc.  (Bristol,  when  adm.  Sch.)    Sch.  1587. 

Feb.  6.  Ben.  Bussell.   Line.   Sch.  1583. 

Feb.  6.  Zach.  Hooker l.   Dev.    Sch.  1587. 

1581.  Apr.  3.   Matt.  Bond.   Hampt.    Sch.  1581. 
Jul.  7.  Jac.  Standish.   Lane. 

ful.  7.        Joh.  Chenell.   Sur.   Sch.  1587. 

Oct.  22.     Gul.  Hubbuck.  Dunelm.  Dioc. Durham.  Sch.  A.W.  Ath. 
Dec.  22.    Hen.  Porredge.    Cant.   Sch. 

1582.  Dec.  8.    Gul.  Storr.    Line.    Sch.  1588. 

Hooker's  admission,  several  cases  occur  of  the  admission  of  Disciples  between  18 
and  19. 

1  The  entry  of  Zach.  Hooker  as  Discip.  occurs  in  the  margin  of  the  Register, 
though  not  in  the  body  of  the  Instrument,  which  is  imperfect  and  breaks  off  before 
it  comes  to  his  name.  The  particulars  about  him  are  obtained  from  his  admission 
as  '  Scholaris.' 


392      ADMISSIONS  OF  FELLOWS  AND  SCHOLARS 

Dec.  8.      Simon  Potinger.   Hampt. 

Dec.  8.      Franc.  Kingsmill.   Hampt.    1211. 

Dec.  8.       Ewanus  Aray.   Dunelm.   Co.  Durham.    Sch.  1590. 

Dec.  22.    Anth.  Martyn.   Dor.  (i.e.  Dioc.  Sarum). 

1583.  Sep.  7.    Geo.  Nutt.    Cant. 

Sep.  21.     Alex.  Gill.    Line.    (High  Master  of  St.  Paul's.    Milton's 

Master.)   A.  W.    Ath. 
Dec.  21.     Gul.  Orson.    Line.    Sch. 

1584.  Mar.  26.   Arnoldus  Sawle.   Gloc.    14  3. 
Nov.  6.      Marcus  Westbrook.    Sur.    Sch.  1590. 
Mar.  12.  Joh.  Hoare.    Hampt.    Sch.  1590. 

1585.  Mai.  19.   Tho.  Cranmer.   Cant.    14  i.    Sch.  at  15!,  1586. 
Mai.  28.   Gul.  Hart.    Cant. 

Aug.  20.   Bic.  Collerd.    Som.  b.  at  Taunton.    Sch.  1588. 

1586.  Jun.  22.    Tho.  Cole.    Ox. 

Aug.  30.  Sebast.  Benfeild.  Gloc.  Sch.  1590.  ( Margaret  Professor 
of  Divinity.)  A.  W.  Ath. 

1587.  Apr.  30.   Hen.  Radclif.   Lane. 

Apr.  30.    Chris.  Membrie.    Som.    Sch.  1588. 

Apr.  30.   Jac.  Astin.   Cant.    Sch.  1591. 

Jun.  10.    Edw.  Farbrace.   Cant.    Sch.  1594. 

Jun.  10.     Sam.  Page.   Bed.    12  6.    Sch.  1590  at  15^.   A.W.   Ath. 

Jan.  13.     Edw.  Higgs.    Gloc. 

Jan.  13.  Petrus  Hooker.  Dev.  Sch.  1592.  (Master  of  the  Charter- 
house.) 

Jan.  13.  Rob.  Burghill.  Gloc.  b.  at  Dymmoke  (Dymock).  Sch. 
1594-  <P-  I54-)  A.  W.  Ath. 

Jan.  13.     Adam.  Noyse.   Wilton.    138. 

1588.  ^#§'.24.   Joh.  Barcham(orBarkcombe).  Dev.  Sch.  1596. 

Dean  of  Bocking.    (pp.  154-5.)   A.W.   Ath. 
Sep.  14.    Tho.  Barber.   Line. 
Oct.  6.      Hen.  Hindly.   Lane.   Sch.  1596. 
Nov.  9.     Gilb.  Hawthorn.    Som.    Wells.    Sch.  1597. 
Feb.  21.    Bic.  Samaways.    Som.    Sch.  1597. 

1589.  Mar.  29.   Bic.  Brown.  Hampt.   14.    Sch.  1594. 
Jul.  17.      Ric.  Allen.   Line.    Sch.  1596. 

Nov.  15.    Rob.  Barrel.    Hampt.    Sch.  1590. 

Jan.  12.     Marmad.  Lodington.    Line. 

1500.   Apr.  24.   Peter  Bowne.   Bed.    Sch.  1597.   A.W.    Ath. 

Apr.  24.   Joh.  Boate.    Sur. 

Apr.  24.    Sam.  Walter.   Ox. 

Apr.  24.   Abr.  Mosan.    Sur. 

Jul.  4.       Joh.  Bradford.    Hampt. 

Sep.  9.       Tho.  Unwyn.  Hampt.  Fr.  cog. 

1591.  Jun.  2.    Manasses  Troward.    Cant. 

1592.  Mar.  31.   Jos.  Hill.    Cant.   Christchurch  (i.  e.  Cant.  Cath.). 
Oct.  8.       Dan.  Parker.    Gloc.   Barnwood.    Sch.  1598. 

Oct.  8.       Gualt.  Browne.    Sur.   Bookham.   Sch.  1599. 


FROM  1582   TO  1602.  393 

Oct.  8.       Edm.  Orson.   Line.   Grantham. 

1593.  Apr.  30.   Hen.  Morgan.   Dev.    Sydmouth. 
Oct.  1 2.     Tim.  Elkes.   Wilton.   Bishopstowne. 

1594.  Dec.  13.    Brianus  Twyne.    Sur.    145.    Sch.  1605.    {Son  of 

Thomas  Twyne.    See  p.  109.)    (p.  155.)   A.  W.   Ath. 
Dec.  13.     Job.  Simpson.    Cant.   Canterbury.   Sch.  1600. 
Dec.  13.     Joh.  Mason.   Dunelm.  Co.  Durham.    Sch.  1596. 
Dec.  13.     Dan.  Fertlough1.  Ox.   Sch.  1602.   (p.  155.)  A.W.  Ath. 

1595.  Mar. 27.  Chris. Green.  Gloc.  Henburie(Henbury).  Sch.  1605. 

1596.  Apr.  26.   Joh.  Adison.    Hampt. 
Jul.  9.        Geo.  Bayley.   Hampt.    Sch.  1599. 
Jul.  g.       Gul.  Huckmore.   Dev. 

Jul.  g.       Edw.  Greenhalgh.   Lane.    14  3. 
Jul.  g.       Bic.  Allen.   Line.   Sch.  1599. 

Mar.  24.  Tho.  Jackson.    Dunelm.    Witton    sup.  Weere,  Durham. 
Sch.  1606.   Pr.  i63£.   A.W.   Ath. 

1597.  Apr.  1 6.   Joh.  Hales.     Som.    Highchurch   <nr.  Bath).    13. 

(p.  155.)   A.W.   Ath. 
Mai.  4.     Gill.   Cooper.     Sus.     Frost    cog.     Southarting    (South- 

Harting).    14. 

Jan.  3.      Chris.  Sclater.   Bed.  Leighton  Buzzard.  13  4.    Sch.  1609. 
Feb.  10.    Joh.  Berry.   Dev.  Tiverton.  A.W.   Ath. 
Feb.  10.    Edw.  Yates.   Hampt.  Basingstoke.    126. 
Mar.  2.    Alex.  Sidnam.   Som.    13  6. 

1598.  Jun.  24.   Edm.  Atwood.    Gloc.   Oxendon(ton).    Sch.  1606. 

JOHANNES  REYNOLDS. 
Septimus   Prseses.    1598.    Dec.  14. 

1599.  Mai.  8.   Geo.  Webb.  Wilton.  Episcop.  Limerick.  A.W.  Ath. 
Aug.  17.   Brentius  Gulliford.   Cant. 

Aug.  17.   Abr.  Allen.    Line.    Sch.  1603. 

Aug.  17.   Joh.  Lidham.   Cant.    13  6. 

Jan.  3.       Joh.  Holt.   Sur.  Chertsey.    13  n.    Sch.  1611.    Pr.  1629. 

1600.  Mat.  1 6.    Gul.  Tod.    Hampt.   Upton  Gray. 

Mai.  1 6.  Gervasius  Nevill.    Line.  Luddington.    Sch.  1611. 

Dec.  2.  Joh.  Hall  or  Haull.    Hampt.    Sch. 

Dec.  2.  Gab.  Hunyfold.   Cant.   Sch. 

Dec.  2.  Gul.  Beely.    Bed.   Sch. 

Feb.  27.  Alex.  How.   Dev.    Sch.  1608. 

Mar.  g.  Tho.  Anyan.    Cant.  Sandwich.    Sch.  1608.    Pr.  1614. 

1601.  Jan.  23.    Bob.  Barcroft.    Lane.    Blackborn  hundred.    14  4. 

Sch.  1612. 
Jan.  23.    Joh.  Hampton.   Hampt.    Stoke.   Sch.  1612. 

1602.  Sep.  20.    Franc.  Barcham.   Dev. 

1  Variously  called  Fertlongh,  Fairclough,  Fairclowe,  and  Fertley.    Only  1 1  years 
9  months  old  when  admitted. 


394      ADMISSIONS  OF  FELLOWS  AND  SCHOLARS 

Dec.  i.  Hen.  Jackson.  Ox.  St.  Mary's,  Oxford.  Sch.  1612. 
(p.  170.)  A.W.  Ath. 

1603.  Jul.  19.  Petrus  Thatcher.  Som.  Queen  Cammell.  Sch.  1613. 
Jul.  19.      Hog.  Waite.    Line.  Wallham  (Waltham).    14  3. 

1604.  Jan.  n.   Hen.  Drew.   Wilton.   Devizes. 

1605.  Jun.  7.   Bob.  Lodington.   Line.    Scotton. 
Jan.  25.     Edw.  Hurd.    Som.  Long  Sutton.   Sch.  1614. 

1606.  Jun.  2.   Tho.  Holt.    Sur.  Chertsey.   Under  13.    Sch.  1614. 
Jun.  2.       Josuah  Aisgill.   Gloc.    Gloucester  city.    Sch.  1613. 
Jul.  25.      Matt.  Colmore.    Dunelm.   Durham  city.    Sch.  1614. 

Oct.  20.     Anth.  Cla(o)pton.   Gloc.   Broadwell.    12  7.   Sch.  1614. 

1607.  Mai.  i 1 .   Franc.  Allen.   Line.    Stoke. 

Mai.  ii.  Nic.  Bayly.  Hampt.  Shipton.  Qui  primus  e  Collegio 
nostro  honorem  Procuratorium  gesserit.  anno  Domini 
1621.  Apr.  ii.  Sch.  1614. 

JOHANNES    SPENSEB. 
Octavus  Prseses.     1607.   Jun.  9. 

1608.  Sep.   23.    Mich.   Jermin.     Dev.     Knowston.      Sch.    1615. 

A.W.  Ath. 
Sep.  23.  Bic.  James.  Hampt.  Newport,  I.  W.  Sch.  1615.  (p.  175.) 

A.W.  Ath. 
Jan.  4.  Hen.  Parry.  Cant.  Canterbury.  Sch.  1614. 

1609.  Jul.  15.  Tho.  Andrews.   Bed.   Eversholt.    Sch.  1615. 

Jul.  15.     Gab.  Briges.  Wilton.  Chipnam(Chippenham).  Sch.  1616. 

1610.  Dec.  1 8.   Joh.  Storr.    Line.    Cunningsbie  (Coningsby). 

1611.  Apr.  8.   Hen.  Seller.   Cant.   Eythorne.    Sch.  1617. 
Oct.  12.     Hen.  Geering.   Line.    Winterton.    Sch.  1617. 

Jan.  ii.     Ben.  Eliot.    Sur.    Godalming.    Sch.  1620. 

1612.  Jun.  23.   Dan.  Hollyday.   Lane.    Clitherow.    Sch.  1619. 
Jun.  23.     Gamaliel  Chace.  Dev.  Membrie  (Membury).  Sch.  1616. 

Oct.  15.     Joh.  Hooker.   Hampt.   Odiham. 

Oct.  15.     Tho.  Gorstelow.     Ox.     Prescott,   in   par.    of  Cropredy. 

Sch.  1620. 
Nov.  z.     Bic.  Thomson.   Line.   Gainsborough.    14  10.   Sch.  1621. 

1613.  Jun.  1 1 .   Edm.  Bead.    Som.    Sandford. 

Jan.  26.   Bouseus  Clopton.  Gloc.  Dodswill(Dowdeswell).  Sch.i623- 

THOMAS  ANYAN. 
Nonus  Praeses.    1614.  Jun.  i. 

1614.  Nov.  7.    Bob.  Kingman.    Som.    East-horrington.     (In  ad- 

mission as  Fellow,  St.  Cuthbert's,  Wells.)    Sch.  1622. 
Nov.  7.      Bob.  Hegg.   Dunelm.  Durham  city.    (Compiler  of  this  list 
down  to  about  I6291.)   Sch.  1624.  (p.  183.)  A.W.  Ath. 

1  In  the  first  Register,  under  the  year  1624,  there  is  the  note,  in  the  hand-writing 
of  Fulman,  '  Mr.  Hegge  in  Collegio  obiit  Apoplexi  Ann.  1629.' 


FROM  1602   TO   1628.  395 

Nov.  7.     Bob.  Nulin  (Newlin  or  Newlyn).  Hampt.  Priors-deane. 

Sch.  1622.     Pr.  1640  and  again  1660. 
Nov.  7.     Gul.  Spenser.    Hampt.  Wolverton.    Sch.  1624. 

1615.  Jun.  7.    Tho.  Norwood.    Cant.    Canterbury. 
Jun.  7.      Isaacus  Taylour.    Sur.   Lambeth.    Sch.  1627. 

Jun.  7.      Rawleighus  Bellot.     Dev.     Bossome  Scale  (i.  e.  Bozon 

Zeale  or  Bosom's  Hele,  in  parish  of  Dittisham).    145. 
Jun.  1 6.   Benedictus  Webb.  Gloc.  Wotton-Underedge.  Sch.  1624. 
Oct.  2.      Ric.  Feild.    Hampt.    Burclere  (Burghclere).     134.    Sch. 

1627.  (Son  of  Richard  Field,  Dean  of  Gloucester.) 
Oct.  4.     Edm.  Stanton.     Bed.     Woobourne  (Woburn).     13  \\\. 

Sch.  1616.     Pr.  1648-60.   A.W.   Ath. 

1616.  Aug.  14.   Chris.  Bayly.    Wilton.    Stanton  Barnard. 

1617.  Apr.  19.    Tho.  Sainthill.    Dev.    Broadeninch  (Bradninch). 

Sch.  1627. 
Apr.  25.    Joh.  Rowland.    Bed.    Eaworth.    In  1619,  when  sworn, 

Eiyeworth  (Eyworth).    13  7. 
Dec.  9.      Barth.  Man.    Cant.   Chartham. 
Mar.  13.  Rob.  Lark.    Line.   Gainsborough. 

1619.  Nov.  9.    Rob.  Ken  wrick.   Lane.   Earlston.    193.   Sch.  1627. 

1620.  Dec.  ii.    Jac.  Holt.    Sur.   Thorpe.    145.    Sch.  1628. 

Dec.  ii.    Edw.  Pocock.    Ox.    St.  Peter's  in  the  East,  Oxford.    Sch. 

1628.  (pp.  183-4.)   A.W.   Ath. 

1621.  Jul.  27.    Joh.  Rainbow.   Line.   Blyton.    Sch.  1629. 
Jul.  27.     Joh.  Kerswell.  Som.    Croscombe.    Sch.  1629. 
Jan.  5.      Elias  Wrench.    Gloc.   Gloucester.    Sch.  1630. 

1622.  Sep.  19.    Gul.  Chapman.    Som.   Bath.    Sch.  1630. 
Sep.  19.     Joh.  Sampson.    Hampt.    Lymington. 

1623.  Dec.  ii.    Steph.  Bridges.  Wilton.   Hardenhuish  nr.  Chipnam 

(i.e.  Chippenham).    Sch.  1631. 
Mar.  15.  Nic.  Simpson.    Cant.    Canterbury.    Sch.  1631. 

1624.  Feb.  18.     Geo.  Stratford.     Gloc.     Guyting.     13  9.      Sch. 

1632. 
Feb.  1 8.    Rob.  Blackiston.    Dunelm.    Sedgfield,  co.  Durham. 

1625.  Apr.  i.    Steph.  Waller.    Buck.   Amersham.  Bucks.    13  3. 

1626.  Nov.  4.   Joh.  Newell.   Dev.   Upline  (Uplyme).    Sch.  1634. 

1627.  Apr.  5.    Tho.  Dysney.    Line.    Norton  Disney.     Sch.  1635. 

(Eq.  fil.) 

Mat.  31.   Noel  Sparke.    Kent.    Sandwich.   Sch.  1632. 
Aug.  7.     Edm.  Vaughan.    Sur.    Ashted.     Sch.  1633.    (p.  184.) 

A.W.   Ath. 

Aug.  7.     Gul.  Lake.    Dev.    Broadhemston.    Sch.  1634. 
Mar.  15.  Tho.  Greaves.   Hampt.   Colmer.   A.W.   Ath. 
Mar.  15.  Tho.  Harrison.    Lane.    Prescott. 
Mar.  15.  Joh.  Barlow.    Hampt.    Cathedral  Precincts,  Winchester. 

13  3. 

1628.  Oct.  4.    Tho.  Samon  (Sammon).    Ox.     All  Saints',  Oxford. 

Sch.  1637. 


396       ADMISSIONS  OF  FELLOWS  AND  SCHOLARS 

Feb.  13.    Gul.  Finch.    Sur.   Croydon. 

Feb.  13.    Joh.  Hillersdon.     Bed.   Battlesden.     Sch.  1638.     (Arch- 
deacon of  Buckingham.}1 

JOHANNES  HOLT. 
Decimus  Preeses.     1629.   Mai.  i. 

1630.   Mar.  26.   Rob.  Tilson.   Line.   Gedney. 

Mar.  26.  Ric.  Samwaies.    Som.    Ilminster.    Sch.  1638.    (p.  184.) 

A.  W.   Ath. 
Oct.  30.     Ant.  Robinson.  Gloc.   St.  Nicolas,  Gloucester.    Sch.  1638. 

THOMAS  JACKSON. 
Prseses  Undecimus.     1630.   Feb.  17. 

1630.  Mar.  24.    Tho.  Powell.   Som.   Wells.    13  n.   Sch.  1640. 

1631.  Aug.  1 6.    Simon  Barksdall.   Hampt.   Winchester. 

Aug.  16.   Joh.  Heywood.   Lane.    Berry  (Bury).    14  2.   Sch.  1641. 
Aug.  1 6.    Tho.  Francklin.    Cant.    Ashford.    Sch.  1640. 

1632.  Mar.  26.    Gul.  Welford.    Dunelm.    Bishopton,  co.  Durham. 

Sch.  1640. 
Mai.  25.   Jac.  Hyde.   Wilton.    15   Cathedral  Close,  Salisbury.   Sch. 

1641.     (Reg.  Prof.  Med.  and    Principal    of  Magdalen 

Hall.) 

Oct.  25.     Joh.  Wrench.    Gloc.    St.  Mary  Virgin,  Gloucester. 
Mar.  19.  Joh.  Gookin.    Cant.   Northbourne. 

1633.  Oct.  25.  Joh. Sigismund  Cluver.  Sur.  St.  Saviour's,  Southwark. 

1634.  Oct.  8.    Rob.  Carey.     Dev.     Berry   Pomeroy.     Sch.   1641. 

(p.  193.)   A.  W.    Ath. 
Oct.  8.       Joh.  Hackwell.   Dev.    St.  Mary's,  Exeter.    Sch.  1641. 

1635.  Nov.  1 6.   Joh.  Lambe.   Cant.   Ch.  Ch.  Cath.,  Canterbury. 
Feb.  1 6.    Joh.  Kind.   Line.   Winterton.    Sch.  1641. 

Feb.  1 6.    Jos.  Smith.    Line.   Burton  Super  Monte. 

1636.  Oct.  1 7.    Joh.  Tooke.    Sur.    St.  Olave's,  Southwark. 

Jan.  14.    Tho.  Drury.    Sus.  Marden.    13  \\\.    Sch.  1642.   Fr.  cog. 
Mar.  1 6.  Joh.  Sparke.    Hampt.  Brown  Candover. 

1637.  Jun.  9.    Jac.  Jackson.    Hampt.   Overton.    Sch.  1644. 
Aug.  3.      Gul.  Clayton.    Ox.    St.  Mary's,  Oxford.    Sch.  1642. 

1638.  Jan.  30.    Tho.  Sutton.    Sur.    St.  Saviour's,  Southwark.    Sch. 

1644. 

Jan.  30.     Hen.  Gale.   Bed.    Staughton. 
Jan.  30.     Joh.  Hampton.    Gloc.    Dunsbourne-Rouse.    127. 
Jan.  30.     Jos.  Barker.    Som.    Higham.    Sch.  1646. 

1639.  Jan.  17.    Hen.  Townsend  (or  Townsen).    Gloc.    Temple 

Gayton  (i.  e.  Temple  Guiting). 

1  At  about  this  point,  or  probably  a  little  earlier,  Hegge's  own  entries  end. 


FROM  1628   TO   1647.  397 

BOBEBTUS  NEWLIN. 
Praeses  Duodecimus.     1640.  Oct.  9. 

1640.  Oct.  30.   Jac.  Simpson.   Cant.   St.  Alphege,  Canterbury. 
Feb.  5.      Abr.  Speeding.    Dunelm.    Gretham,  co.  Durham.    Sch. 

1644. 

1641.  Apr.  6.    Gul.  Parsons.    Som.    St.  Decuman's,  Somerset. 
Mai.  5.     Bob.  Stephens.   Gloc.    (Name  of  parish  left  blank.) 
Aug.  28.   Geo.  Halsted.   Lane.   Burnly.    Sch.  1646. 

Nov.  26.   Zach.    Bogan.      Dev.     Little    Hempston.      Sch.    1647. 

A.W.   Ath. 
Nov.  26.   Hen.  Button.   Gloc.   Esington.    Sch.  1647.    (Northleach 

in  admission  as  Sch.) 
Nov.  26.   Tho.  Imings.   Wilton.   Harnisse.    13  2§.    (Father's  abode 

described   in   Matric.  Reg.  as    Stratford,  co.   Hereford. 

(?  mistake  for  co.  Wilts.)) 
Nov.  26^   Jon,  Swete.   Dev.    Modbury. 

1642.  fun.  7.   Jon.  Pypard.    Line.    Basingham. 
Jun.  7.       Gul.  Lydall.    Ox.   Ibston. 

Jun.  7.       Tho.  Sanderson1.   Line.    Boothby.    Sch.  1644. 

2Feb.  7.  Tristram  Alexander.  Hampt.  Winchester  (Cath.  Pre- 
cincts). 

Feb.  12.  Joh.  Bets.  Hampt.  Winchester  (Cath.  Precincts),  (p.  196.) 
A.  W.  Ath. 

1644.    Mai.  13.    Joh.  Clarke.   Hampt.    Basingstoke. 

1644.  Year  only  given.    (In  Matr.  Reg.  Mai.  10,  1643.)    Gamal. 

Clarkson.    Ox.    Horley. 

1645.  Do.    <In  Matr.  Reg.  Mar.  28,  1645.)    Gul.  Coldham.     Sur. 

Waverley. 

1647.  Jan.  28.   Hen.  Glover.   Wilton.    Meere  (Mere).    20. 
Jan.  28.     Gul.  Stampe.   Hampt.  Kingsclere. 
Jan.  28.     Bic.  Warre.    Som.   Petherton. 
Jan.  28.     Norton  Bold.   Hampt.   Nutley. 

Jan.  28.     Jac.Metford.  Som.  Crookhorne(Crewkerne).  (pp. 202-3.) 
Jan.  28.     Gul.  Tonstall.   Dunelm.    Long- Newton,  Durham. 
Jan.  28.     Tho.  Johnson.    Lane.   Rochdale. 
Jan.  28.     Tim.  Parker.    Gloc.   Alderton.    (pp.  212,  215.) 
Jan.  28.     Tho.  Teacle.    Gloc.   Hilbert's  Hull. 
Jan.  28.     Tim.  Shute.    Dev.    St.  Martin's,  Exeter. 
Jan.  28.     Joh.  Fountaine.   Dev.   Parkham,  Devon. 
Jan.  28.     Gul.  Fulman.    Cant.   Penshurst.    (pp.  196-9,  212,  215.) 

A.  W.   Ath.  and  Ann. 

1  Son  of  Robert  Sanderson,  Bishop  of  Lincoln. 

2  On  Nov.  4, 1642  (on  occasion  of  the  admission  of  Thomas  Drury  to  be  Schol.), 
the  date  of  birth  is,  for  the  last  time,  given  approximately  on  some  Church  festival. 
For  some  years  before,  the  practice  had  been  dropping  out,  but,  in  the  earlier  years 
of  the  Register,  it  was  almost  universal. 


398      ADMISSIONS  OF  FELLOWS  AND  SCHOLARS 

EDMUNDUS  STAUNTON. 

Prseses  decimus  tertius  Authoritate  Parliament!  electus 
ac  constitutus  Mail  22,  1648. 

Socii  &  Discipuli  in  Collegium  Corporis  Christi  electi  ac  in  Comi- 
tatus  designati  a  Delegatis  &  Visitatoribus  Authoritate  Parliamenti 
constitutis. 

1648.  Jul.  14.  Joh.  Sa(w)yer.  Bed.  (reputed.  See  p.  227  and 
fol.  14  of  Parliamentary  Register).  Disc. 

Jul.  14.  Ezechiel  Webb.   Wilton,  (reputed).   Disc. 

Jul.  14.  Franc.  Nelson.    Line,  (reputed).    Disc. 

Jul.  1 8.  Joh.  Billingsley.    Kent  (reputed).    Soc.   A.W.   Ath. 

Jul.  1 8.  Sam.  Byfleld.    Sur.  (reputed).    Soc. 

Jul.  1 8.  Bic.  Byfleld.    Hampt.  (rep.).    Disc. 

Jul.  20.  Gul.  Gardyner.  Som.  (rep.).  Disc.  Sch.  1653.  Then  set.  27. 

Jul.  20.  Joh.  Lisle.    Gloc.  (rep.).    Disc. 

Jul.  21.  Tho.  Whitehorne.    Dev.  (rep.).   Soc. 

Jul.  21.  Sam.  Laddiman  (or  Ladyman).  Line.  (rep.).  Soc. 
(Formerly  Servitor.  Submitted.) 

Jul.  21.  Sam.  Surges.   Gloc.  (rep.).    Soc. 

Jul.  21.  JosiahLane.  Ox. (rep.).  Disc.  (Formerly Clerk.  Submitted.) 

Jul.  2 1 .  Ben.  Way.    Kent  (rep.).   Disc. 

Jul.  2 1 .  Josiah  Ballard.    Gloc.  (rep.).    Disc. 

Sep.  29.  Bic.  Abbott.    Hampt.  (rep.).    Soc. 

Sep.  29.  Joh.  Prowse.    Sur.  (rep.).    Soc. 

Sep.  29.  Joh.  Dodd.    Gloc.  (rep.).    Soc. 

Oct.  2.  Joh.  Bowe.    Line.  (rep.).    Soc.    (p.  231.)    A.W.  Ath. 

Oct.  3.  Joh.  Milward.    Som.  (rep.).    Soc. 

Oct.  3.  Tim.  Stephens.   Hampt.  (rep.).    Soc. 

Oct.  3.  Elisha  Bourne.    Lane.  (rep.).    Soc. 

Oct.  3.  Marc.  Hildsley.    Disc. 

Oct.  3.  Edw.  Disney.    Hampt.  (rep.).    Disc. 

Oct.  3.  Gul.  Ford.    Sur.  (rep.).   Disc.    Sch.  1655. 

Oct.  3.  Nathaniel  Whettam.    Kent  (rep.).    Disc. 

Oct.  n.  Joh.  Forde.    Hampt.  (rep.).    Soc. 

Oct.  ii.  Tho.  Thornton.    Dev.  (rep.).    Disc. 

Oct.  n.  Andr.  Wandrick.   Line.  (rep.).   Disc.    Sch.  1653. 

Oct.  n.  Tho.  Malthus( house).   Hampt.  (rep.).   Disc.   Sch.  1651. 

Oct.  13.  Dan.  Bainer.   Sur.  (rep.).    Disc. 

Oct.  13.  Tho.  Johnson.    Lane.  (rep.).    Disc.    Sch.  1653. 

Oct.  13.  Nathaniel  Anderson.    Dev.  (rep.).    Disc. 

Oct.  23.  Tobias  Tidcombe.   Dur.  (rep.)    Soc. 

Nov.  2.  Gul.  Parsons.    Som.  (rep.).    Soc.    (Submitted  as  Scholar.) 

Nov.  2.  Zach.  Bogan.  Dev.  (rep.).  Soc.  (Had  probably  submitted 
after  May  15.)  A.W.  Ath. 

Dec.  2.  Tho.  Guilston  (or  Gilson).    Ox.  (rep.).    Soc. 

Dec.  1 8.  Bic.  Warr.    Som.  (rep.).    Disc.    (Submitted.) 


FROM  1648  TO  1655.  399 

1649.    Mai.  24.    Sam.  Ashurst.    Bed.  (rep.).    Disc. 

Oct.  22.     Tho.  W(r)ight.   Dur.  (rep.).    Disc.    Sch.  1654. 

1651.  Jun.  26.    Gul.  Long.    Dev.  (rep.).    Disc.    (pp.  226,  227.) 

Discipuli  secundum  formam  Statutorum  electi. 

1649.  *  Jan.  10.    Job.  Martiue.  Ox.    Sch.  1656. 
Jan.  10.     Edm.  Dickenson.   Bed. 

1650.  Mai.  6.    Franc.  Staunton.    Sur. 
Jun.  i.      Geo.  Tibball.    Wilton.    Sch.  1651. 
Sep.  12.     Nic.  Page.   Hampt. 

Oct.  1 8.     Joh.  Paris.    Kent.    Sch.  1653. 
Oct.  24.     Pet.  Glubb.    Dev. 
Mar.  15.  Joh.  Kerridge.    Gloc.    Sch.  1653. 
Mar.  17.  Tho.  Harrison.    Kent. 

1651.  Apr.*].   Joh.  Berrowe.    Gloc.    Sch. 
Mai.  30.  Noah  Webb.    Hampt.    Sch.  1653. 
Jun.  19.    Joh.  Oliver.    Som. 

Nov.S.     Jos.  Allen.   Wilton.    <p.  231.)    A.W.   Ath.    Sub  Allein. 

1652.  Jun.  21.    Tho.  Bettesworth.    Hampt.   Fr.  cog. 
Dec.  29.    Tho.  Duncumb.    Sur.    Sch.  1657. 

Jan.  17.    Edw.  Nelthorp.   Line. 

1653.  Apr.  25.    Chris.  Coward.    Som.    Sch.  1659. 
Jul.  4.       Tho.  Terry.    Hampt. 

Jul.  4.       Jac.  Wild.    Lane.    Sch.  1658. 

Jul.  4.       Joh.  Francklen.    Wilton.    Sch.  1655. 

Jul.  27.  Gul.  Durham.  Gloc.  Cambden  (Reg.  of  1660),  i.e. 
Campden.  Sch.  1661.  (Admission  deferred  till  Feb.  10, 
on  account  of  illness.  At  that  time  aet.  15.) 

Nov.  28.  Joh.  Roswel  (or  Rose  well).  Som.  Sch.  1656.  (p.  231.) 
A.  W.  Ath.  Sub  Robert  Sanderson. 

Nov.  28.    Nath.  Mewe.    Gloc.   Sch.  1656. 

Nov.  28.    Tho.  Spenser.   Kent. 

1654.  Jun.  g.    Dan.  Agas.    Sur.  ?  Baron  Elmes.    Sch.  1660. 

Jun.  g.       Geo.  Beinel  (or  Beynell).    Hampt.   ?  Benstrade.    Sch. 

1657. 

Jul.  28.     Joh.  Peachell.   Line.    Sch.  1655. 
Jul.  28.     Nic.  Horseman.    Dev.    Sch.  1656.   A.  W.  Ath. 
Jul.  28.     Andr.  Crispe.    Dunelm.    Co.  Northumb.  (Berwick,  Reg. 

of  1660).    Sch.  1661. 
Mar.  24.  Gul.  Lamer  (or  Lardner).    Hampt. 

1655.  Jun.  26.    Gul.  Osburne.    Sus.   Fr.  cog. 
Jun.  28.     Joh.  Oxford.   Bed. 

Oct.  27.     Corn.  Disney.    Line. 

Nov.  16.  Franc.  Parry.  Wilton.  Salisbury  (Reg.  of  1660).  Sch. 
1662. 

1  The  dates  given  from  this  point  down  to  Thomas  Spenser  in  1653  are  usually 
those  of  election,  not  admission. 


400      ADMISSIONS  OF  FELLOWS  AND  SCHOLARS 

Nov.  1 6.  Joh.  Wickes.   Kent.    Sch.  1659. 

1656.  Mai.  15.    Jac.  Hopkins.   Dev. 
Sep.  8.      Tho.  Lawe.    Line. 

Oct.  29.     Theodorus  Fletcher.    Gloc.     Stroude   (Reg.  of  1660). 

Sch.  1663. 
Oct.  29.     Amos  Berry.    Ox.    All  Saints,  Oxford  (Reg.  of  1660). 

Sch.  1664. 

1657.  Jul.  3.   Nathanael  Cole.  Hampt.  Liss(Lyss)  (Reg.of  1660). 

Sch.  1663. 
Jul.  3.        Sam.  Lanfire.    Som.    Badgworth  (Reg.  of  1660).    Sch. 

1666. 

Jul.  3.        Joh.  Wilcox.    Dev. 
Aug.  21.    Joh.  Ewer.    Sur. 
Sep.  12  (?  Dec.}.   Joh.  Beale.     Kent.    Biddenden  (Reg.  of  1660). 

12  6.    Sch.  1666. 

1658.  Jul.  13.   Tho.  Palfreyman.   Line. 

Jul.  24.      God.  Winckley.    Lane.    Garstang  (Reg.  of  1660).    Sch. 

1663. 
Sep.  16.    G-ul.  Drury.    Cant.    (Spelhurst  Reg.  1660.)    Sch.  1669. 

1659.  Dec.  9.   Bic.  AUeyn.   Kent.    Sch.  1666. 

1660.  Mai.  2.   Caleb  Jones.    Som. 
Jul.  1 6.     Hen.  Hill.    Sur.     Sch.  1669. 

Post  Restaurat.  Car.  2. 
(ROBERTUS  NEWLYN.    Restauratus  1660,  Jul.  31.) 

1660.  Sep.  12.    Ben.  Parry.    (Dean  of  St.  Patrick's  and  Bishop  of 

Ossory.)   Electus   Prsel.  L.  Grsecse  et   Soc.     (pp.  259, 
370.)   A.W.   Ath. 

1661.  Dec.  12.   Latimer  Crosse.   Line. 

Dec.  12.     Jac.  Sessions.  Hampt.  Charlton  (?  Chawton).  Sch.  1670. 
Dec.  12.     Franc.  Roper.    Dunelm.   Trindon. 

These  three  names  are  omitted  from  Register  of  Disc. 

1662.  Jun.  3.   Hen.  Jones.   Gloc.   Parish  left  blank. 
Jun.  3.       Ric.  Browne.   Gloc.   Corse.    Sch.  1671. 
Jun.  3.       Jac.  Bristow.   Line.    Roxbie. 

Jun.  3.  Geo.  Bell.    Dunelm.   Wolsingham,  co.  Durham. 

Jul.  10.  Alex.  Cheek.   Ex.   Exeter.    13  8. 

Sep.  1 8.  Tho.  Paris.   Wilton.   Marlborough.    Sch.  1670. 

Sep.  1 8.  Jonathan  Houghton.   Bed.   Eton-Bray. 

Nov.  25.  Jac.  Levett.    Sur.    Putney. 

1663.  Mai.  22.   Joh.  Shepheard.    Ex.   Modbury,  Dev.    Sch.  1672. 
Oct.  6.  Tho.  Turner.     Gloc.     Bristol.     Sch.  1672.     Prges.  1687. 

Archdeacon  of  Essex.   A.  W.  Ath. 
Oct.  6.      Hugo  Barrow.   Lane.   Wigan.    Sch.  1673. 

1664.  Apr.  9.    Joh.  Pottinger.     Hampt.     St.  Mich.,  Winchester. 

(PP-  234-5,  259.) 
Aug.  23.  Tho.  Newlin.    Ox.   Ewelme. 


FROM  1655   TO   1677.  401 

Dec.  30.     Tho.  Long.    Ex.    St.  Lawrence,  Exeter.    Sch.  1673. 

1666.  Jun.  1 8.   Nie.  Pickard.    Line.    Stanford. 

Jul.  23.      Edw.  Penny.    B.  and  W.   Bruton,  Somerset.   Sch.  1673. 

Nov.  20.    Pain.  Ellwood.    Cant.    Sandwich.    Sch.  1673. 

Nov.  20.  Sam.  Barton.   Cant.  Harisham  (Harrietsham).  Sch.  1674. 

A.W.   Ath. 
Mar.  19.  Matt.   Curtois.    Line.    Lissington.     19   2\.     Sch.  1675. 

(pp.  252-254.) 

1667.  Mai.  10.   Franc.  Sclater.    Bed.    Luton.    Sch.  1675.    (An- 

cestor of  present  Lord  Basing.) 

Mai.  10.   Sam.  Earle.   B.  and  W.   Taunton.    Sch.  1675. 
Jan.  22.    Hen.  Parkhurst.    Sur.    Chertsey.    Sch.  1676. 
Mar.  21.  Job.  Newlin.   Ox.   Bix. 

1668.  Jul.  14.  Radolphus  Bell.     Dunelm.     Hamsterley,  Durham. 

1669.  Dec.  7.    Ric.  Newlin.    Sur.   Egham.   Sch.  1676. 

1670.  Apr.  20.   Ric.  Tayler.   Hampt.    Winchester.   Sch.  1680. 
Jan.  31.    Jac.  Parkinson.   Ox.   Witney.   A.W.   Ath. 

Jan.  31.    Job.  Creed.    Wilton.   Codford. 

1671.  Mai.  2.   Joh.  Duke.    Hampt.    Stuckton.    Sch.  1681. 
Mai.  2.     "Franc.  Goodwin.    Hampt.    Hinton.    Sch.  1681. 
Jun.  23.   Jon.  Gyse.    Gloc.  Sainthurst.    Chaplain  at  Aleppo. 

1672.  Mai.  21.   Joh.  Osmond.     Ex.     St.   Mary   Otterey,   Devon. 

Sch.  1 68 1. 
Dec.  24.    Mich.  Tayler.   Line.   Grantham. 

1673.  Jun.  2.    Geo.  Halsted.   Lane.    Burnley.    Sch.  1683. 
Nov.  21.   Nic.  Prideaux.   Ex.   Houlsworthy,  Devon. 

1674.  Apr.  20.    Gul.  Hallifax.     Line.    Springthorpe.    Sch.  1682. 

Chaplain  at  Aleppo,    (p.  259.)   A.W.   Ath. 
Apr.  20.    Art.  Parsons.   B.  and  W.   West  buckland.   Sch.  1676. 
Apr.  20.    Joh.  Bradshaw.   Cant.   Maidstone.  (p.  254.)  A.W.   Ath. 
Jun.  9.       Rob.  Newlin.   Ox.   Bix. 

Jun.  25.     Joh.  Hungerford.  Ox.  Oxford.    Sch.  1684.  (pp.  250-1.) 
Dec.  23.     Joh.  Fielder.    Hampt.   Hartley  Wespail.   Fr.  cog. 
Mar.  4.     Gul.  Boys.   Cant.    Canterbury. 

1675.  Aug.  20.   Joh.  Kirchewill.   Line.   Grantham.   Sch.  1684. 
Aug.  20.   Gul.  Drake.    Ex.   Musbury. 

Nov.  19.   Steph.  Hurman.   B.  and  W.   Wells.   Sch.  1684.  (p.  272.) 
Feb.  i.      Gul.  Creed.   Wilton.   Codford.    Sch.  1686. 
Mar.  10.  Car.  Audley.   Bed.   Bigleswade.    Sch.  1687. 

1676.  Oct.  20.   Car.  Coxe.   Sur.   Beddington.    Sch.  1689. 
Nov.  6.     Joh.  Manship.    Sur.    Guilford.    Sch.  1690. 

1677.  Apr.  2.   Hen.  Helliar.     B.  and  W.     Chew,  Somerset.     Sch. 

1687.    A.W7.   Ath. 

Jun.  22.     Nathaniel  Ellison.    Dunelm.    Newcastle  on  Tyne.     Ad- 
missus  Sch.    (Archdeacon  of  Stafford.) 

Dec.  i.       Tho.  Johnson.   Dunelm.   Middleton  in  Teesdale. 

Dec.  i.      Chris.  Wase1.    Cant.    Tunbridge.    Sch.  1690. 

1  Son  of  Christopher  Wase,  the  antiquary  and  classical  scholar,  whose  MSS.  are 

Dd 


402      ADMISSIONS  OF  FELLOWS  AND  SCHOLARS 

1680.    Nov.  6.    Matt.  Palmer.    Gloc.   Badgington  (i.e.  Bagendon). 

1682.  Apr.  27.    Tho.  Button.    Hampt.    Wolverton.    Sch.  1690. 
Apr.  27.    Gul.  Buckeridge.    Hampt.    Kingscleare.    Sch.  1691. 
Apr.  27.    Gul.  Sevill.  Gloc.  Bysley(Bisley).  Sch.  1692.  A.W.  Ath. 
Apr.  27.   Jac.  Colmer.   Ex.   Truro,  Cornwall. 

Mar.  10.  Hen.  Williamson.    Line.   Westborough.    135. 

1683.  Oct.  9.   Eic.  Allyn.    Ex.   Plymouth.    Sch.  1693. 

1684.  Apr.  12.    Rob.  Bolton.    Lane.    Wigan.    Sch.  1693. 

Jul.  10.  Tho.  Norgrove.  Ox.  Chipping  Norton.  141.  Sch.  1693. 
Oct.  1 8.  Tho.  Bartlett  (Reg.  Barttelet).  Sus.  Stopham.  Fr.  cog. 
Oct.  1 8.  Jon.  Edgcombe.  Ex.  Plymouth. 

1685.  Apr.  2.   Edw.  Siston.   Line.    Grantham. 
Apr.  2.      Joh.  Davis.   B.  andW.  Wells.   Sch.  1694. 
Aug.  i.     Tho.  Rivers.   Cant.  Penshurst. 

Mar.  23.  Josiah  Dockwray.    Dunelm.    Whitburne,  Dur.   Sch.  1694. 

1686.  Jun.  1 6.    Kettilby  Phillips.    Wilton.   North  Bradly. 

1687.  Apr.  15.    Car.  Betsworth.    Sus.    Tratton  (Trotton).    Sch. 

1696.   Fr.  cog. 

Jun.  3.      Sam.  Bromesgrove.   Line.    Carlton. 
Jul.  23.     Edm.  Chishull.    Bed.  Ey(e)worth.    Sch.  1696.    Chaplain 

at  Smyrna.    A.  W.   Ath. 
Jul.  25.     Ric.  Crosse.   B.  and  W.    Thurloxton,  Somerset. 

THOMAS  TURNER. 
Presses  Decimus  Quartus.    1687.    Mar.  13. 

1688.  Dec.  1 1  \    Edm.  Brickenden.    B.  and  W.    Corton-Denham, 

Somerset,    (p.  263.) 

1689.  Oct.  22.   Jae.  Perkins.    Sur.    Moulsey. 
Dec.  26.    Franc.  Dickens.   Cant.    Moiling. 

1690.  Oct.  3.    Joh.  Geree.    Sur.    Farnham.    Sch.  1699. 

Dec.  20.     Basilius  Kennet.   Cant.    Postling.    Sch.  1697.    Pr.  1714. 
Chaplain  at  Leghorn. 

1691.  Apr.  28.    Gul.  Dingley.    Hampt.   Newport,  I.  W.   Sch.  1700. 

A.W.   Ath. 

Apr.  28.    Edm.  Perkes.   Gloc.   Mickleton.    Sch.  1700. 
Feb.  i.       Joh.  Bruges.    Hampt.    Winchester.    Sch.  1704. 

1692.  Aug.  9.    Gul.  Tilly.   B.  and  W.    Martock,  Som.    Sch.  1697. 
Jan.  12.     Tho.  Bisse.   Gloc.    Oldbury.    Sch.  1701.    (p.  271.) 

1693.  Jun.  13.    Humph.  Dene.    Ex.   Clist-Heydon,  Devon. 

Dec.  22.     Josuah  Reynolds.   Ex.    St.  Tho.  Ap.,  Exeter.  Sch.  1701. 
(Uncle  of  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds.) 

in  the  Library.  C.  Wase  of  C.C.  C.  is  buried  in  the  cloisters.  He  probably  left 
to  the  College  some  of  its  coins.  See  Hearne's  Diaries,  i.  133. 

1  Edm.  Brickenden's  admission  is  dated  'Anno  Regni  Jac.  II.  nunc  Regis 
Anglise  &c.  quarto.'  It  was  the  last  day  of  James'  reign.  After  this  entry,  the 
regnal  year  ceases  to  be  given. 


FROM  1680  TO  1711.  403 

Dec.  22.     Joh.  Porter.    Line.    Sotby. 

Dec.  22.    Joh.  Mather.   Lane.   Manchester.   Sch.  1704.    Pr.  1714. 

Jan.  18.     Joh.  Rogers.    Ox.   Ensham.    Sch.  1706.    (p.  271.) 

1694.    Aug.  18.   Joh.  Long.    B.  and  W.    Bath.   Sch.  1705. 

Aug.  1 8.    Cuthb.  Ellison.    Dunelm.   Hebborn,  co.  Dur.    Sch.  1706. 

1605.   Mai.  9.    Rob.  Burton.    Line.    Kirton. 

Dec.  12.     Gabriel  St.  Barb.    Wilton.    Salisbury.   Sch.  1708. 

Dec.  12.     Tho.  Porter.   Line.    Sotby.    Sch.  1708. 

1696.  Aug.  28.    Tim.  Kinsman.   Hampt.   Sherfeild. 
Oct.  15.     Joh.  Beckett.   Bed.   Bedford.    13.   Sch.  1709. 

1697.  Sep.  7.  Gul.  Woodward.  Hampt.  '(Baghurst,  Matric.  Book.) 

Sch.  1709. 

1698.  Mai.  20.   Edv.  Cook.    Cant.   Marsham. 

Mai.  20.    Geo.  Sandys.   B.  a.nd  W.   Yeovelton,  Somerset. 
Mai.  20.   Hen.  Cheynell.   Sur.   Guilford. 

1699.  Mai.  25.  Sam.  Reynolds.  Ex.  (Father  of  Sir  Josh.  Reynolds.) 
Feb.  i.       Hen.  Lee.    Sur.   Lambeth. 

1700.  Jun.  3.    Car.  Gardiner.   Line.   Lincoln.    Sch.  1709. 
Jun.  3.       Radulphus  Pomphret.    Cant.    Biddenden. 

Jan.  21.     Tho.  Coleborne.    Hampt.   Broughton.    Sch.  1711. 

1701.  Jun.  1 8.  Ric.  Nelmes.  Gloc.  Wooton  Underedge.    Sch.  1711. 

1702.  Jun.  17.    Nathl.  Tranter.    Gloc.   Newent.    Sch.  1712. 
Mar.  3.     Gul.  Harrington.    B.  and  W.   Kelston,  Som.   Sch.  1713. 

1703.  Sep.  13.  8  Hen.  Vincent.   Sur.    Stoake  (Matric.  Book). 

1704.  Mar.  6.    Joh.  Spry.    Ex.   Exeter.    Sch.  1713. 
Mar.  6.     Elias  Bishop.    Ex.   Exeter.    Sch.  1714. 
Mar.  6.     Jac.  Penton.    Lane.    Lancaster. 

1705.  Sep.  20.   Ric.  Healy.   B.  and  W.   Wells.    Sch.  1714. 
Dec.  22.    Joh.  Napleton.    Cant.   Lynksted.   Sch.  1715. 

1706.  Jul.  5.  2  Gualt.  Bartelett.    Fr.  cog. 
Jul.  12.      Tho.  Acworth.    Ox.   Purton. 

Oct.  ii.     Jos.  Carr.   Dunelm.    Newcastle  on  Tyne. 

1707.  Jan.  10.    2  Tho.  Leigh.    Sur.    Sch.  1716.    (London,  Matric. 

Book.) 

1708.  Jul.  20.  2  Carew  Reynell.    Line.    (West  Halton.)  Sch.  1716. 
Dec.  30.    Joh.  Ballard.    Wilton.    Salisbury.    Sch.  1717. 

1709.  Mai.  2.    Herb.  Beaver.   Hampt.   Wickham. 
Jun.  9.       Rog.  Farbrother.    Hampt.    Southampton. 

Nov.  14.  2 Jac.  Stephens.  Cant.  Sch.  1719.  (Margate,  Matric. Book.) 

Aug.  ii.    Geo.  Sharp  less.    Lane.    Liverpool. 

Aug.  n.   Barnabas  Smith.   Line.   Panton.    Sch.  1717. 

1710.  Jun.  14.    Edv.  Wise.    Ox.    Newnham. 

1711.  Jun.  1 8.    Edm.  Yalden.    Sur.   Haslemore. 
Jun.  1 8.     Geo.  Nicols.    Lane.   Flixtone.    Sch.  1719. 

1  In  Matriculation  Register  (1693-1709)  W.  Woodward  is  described  as  of  Bag- 
hurst,  Hants.     But  these  entries  are,  at  that  time  and  long  subsequently,  of  the 
father's  residence  rather  than  of  the  son's  birth-place. 

2  No  parishes  given  in  College  Register. 

D  d  2 


404      ADMISSIONS  OF  FELLOWS  AND  SCHOLARS 

Jun.  1  8.     Theoph.  Leigh.   Gloc.   Adlestrop.    Sch.  1717.    <p.  271. 

Master  of  Balliol.) 
Sep.  8.       Marmad.  Norcliffe.    Bed.   Aspley. 

1713.  Oct.  22.    Hen.  Luffe.  B.  andW.   Ashill,  Somerset.  Sch.  1720. 
Oct.  22.    Joh.  Burton.   Ex.  Wemworthy,  Dev.    Sch.  1721.  (p.  271.) 
Oct.  22.     Joh.  Craster.    Dunelm.    Chester  le  Street. 

Jan.  28.     Joh.  Harrison.    Gloc.    Cirencester.    Sch.  1720. 

BASILITIS  KENNETT. 
Prseses  Decimus  Quintus.     1714.  Mai.  15. 

1714.  Oct.  14.    Joh.  Richards.    Ex.    Exeter.    Sch.  1721. 

JOHANNES  MATHER. 
Prseses  Decimus  Sextus.     1714.  Jan.  12. 

1715.  Mai.  19.    Tho.  Healey.    B.  and  W.   Wells.    Sch.  1721. 
Nov.  19.    Tho.   Randolf.     Cant.    Canterbury.     14  3.     Sch.    1722. 

Pr.  1748. 
Feb.  27.     Ric.  Brickenden.    Hampt.    Chauton.    Sch.  1724. 

1716.  Jul.  18.  Geo.  Aylmer.  Hampt.  Petersfield  (F)1.  Sch.  1725. 
Dec.*].  PetrusBettesworth.  Sus.  Petsworth.  136.  Sch.  1726.  Fr.cog. 

1717.  Mar.  28.  Gilb.  Jackson.  Ox.   Cudsdon  (Cuddesdon).  125. 

Sch.  1726. 
Mar.  28.  Franc.  Ayscough.    Sur.    (No  place  given.)    Sch.  1727. 

Dean  of  Bristol.   Preceptor  to  Geo.  III.    (pp.  278-9.) 
Mar.  28.  Gul.  Symes.    Sur.   Southwark    (F).    Sch.  1726. 
Mai.  29.  Tho.  Pollen.    Line.    Lincoln. 
Oct.  21.     Swithinus  Adee.    Wilton.    Devizes.    13. 
Oct.  21.     Tho.  Thache.    Gloc.   Gloucester.    Sch.  1729. 

1718.  Apr.  19.  Tim.  Knight.    Line.    Lincoln. 

Mar.  14.  Joh.  Thomson.  Dunelm.  Kellow,  co.  Durham.  Sch.  1730. 

1719.  Feb.  20.    Joh.  Randolph.    Cant.    Canterbury. 

1720.  Jun.  18.    Tho.  Morton.    Lane.    Bolton.    Sch.  1730. 

Dec.  15.     Jac.  Tarsey.  Bed.  Leighton  Buzzard.  Sch.  1721  (at  16  4). 

1721.  Mar.  31.    Joh.  Castelman.    Gloc.    Cubberly  <F). 
Mar.  31.  Car.  Goddard.    B.  and  W.   Wrin(?  g)ton.    Som.  (F). 
Jul.  10.     Joh.  Hume.    Ex.    Milton  Abbotts,  Devon.    <p.  282.) 
Mar.  17.    Ric.  Hutchins.    Bed.    Leighton  Beaudesart.    Sch.  1731. 

1722.  Jun.  1  6.    Oliverus  Naylor.    Ex.    Tawstock,  Devon  (F). 
Jun.  16.     Tho.  Paget.    B.  and  W.   Pointington,  Somerset  (F).    Sch. 


1723.  Mai.  16.    Joh.  Smith.    Cant.    Preston.    13  3. 
Nov.  9.      Art.  Bransby.    Line.   Grimsby. 

1724.  Jul.  7.    Gul.  Bradley.    Hampt.   Church  Oakley.    Sch.  1731. 

1  F  =  Foster's  Alumni  Oxonienses.      But  these  places  are  often  those  of  the 
father's  residence,  not  of  the  son's  birth-place. 


FROM  1711    TO  1739.  405 

1725.  Oct.  29.    Car.  Kinchin.    Hampt.    Woodmancote  (F).     14. 

Sch.  1731.    (One  of  the  early  'Oxford  Methodists.') 
Oct.  29.     Geo.  Randolph.   Cant.    Canterbury  (F). 

1726.  Apr.  i.   Joh.  Marshall.   Ex.    Barnstaple  <F).   Sch.  1732. 
Oct.  i.       Jac.  Muscat.    Sur.    Mitcham  (F).    Sch.  1733. 

Oct.  i.       Elias  Taunton.    Ex.   Liscard,  Cornwall.    Sch.  1734. 
Feb.  12.    Franc.  Smyth.   Line.   Panton.    15. 

1727.  Mai.  27.    Tho.  Winder.  Hampt.  Rotherwick.  13.  Sch.  1734. 
Mai.  27.  G-ul.  Castle  Nichols.   Ox.   Oxford.    Sch.  1733. 

1728.  Apr.  20.    Gul.  Osmer.    Sur.   Chiddingfold.    12. 
Jan.  ii.   Joh.  Jubb.    Line.   Lissington. 

1729.  Mai.  i.   Franc.  Henchman.    Wilton.   Salisbury.    Sch.  1734. 
Mai.  i.      Joh.  Hardress.    Cant.    Canterbury.    Sch.  1734. 

Mai.  i.      Lawson  Huddleston.   B.  and  W.   Kelston,  Somerset. 
Jan.  29.    Edw.  Ford.    Gloc.   Bristol.    Sch.  1735. 

1730.  Mai.  27.    Gul.  Wells.    Line.    Grantham. 

Aug.  22.  Bic.  Fawcet.    Dunelm.    Durham  City  (F).    Sch.  1738. 

Jan.  26.     Joh.  Newton.    Gloc.    Gloucester  City. 

Jan.  26.     Franc.  Randolph.    Cant.    Canterbury.    Sch.  1738. 

1731.  Jun.  3.  Tho.  Patten.   Lane.  Warrington.   Sch.  1737.  (p.  282.) 
Oct.  21.     Tho.  Crawley.    Bed.    Dunstable.    Sch.  1738. 

Oct.  21.    Tho.  Dampier.    B.  and  W.   Blackford,  Somerset. 

1732.  Jun.  15.    Tho.  May.    Hampt.   Basing.    Sch.  1739. 

Jun.  15.     Hen.  Pinnell.    Sus.    Frittleworth.    Sch.  1739.   Fr.  cog. 
Jun.  15.     Joh.  Reeks.    B.  and  W.   Yeovil.    Sch.  1735. 
Nov.  10.    Ben.  Wilding.    B.  and  W.   Bath.    Sch.  1740. 

1733.  Jun.  13.  Nat.  Forster.  Ex.  Plymstock.   Sch.  1739.  (p.  282.) 
Jun.  13.     Abr.  Atkins.    Sur.    St.  Olave's,  Southwark. 

1734.  Apr.  20.    Joh.  Ford.    Sur.   Farnham.   Sch.  1741. 
Apr.  20.    Joh.  Baker.   Ox.   Oxford.    Sch.  1743. 

Apr.  20.    Joh.  Huysh.   Ex.   Clistheydon  (Clyston-Hydon,  Devon). 

Sch.  1741. 

Oct.  9.       Petrus  Peckard.    Line.   Welborne.   Sch.  1744. 
Feb.  8.      Tho.  Monro.    Cant.    Greenwich.    Sch.  1745. 

1735.  Jul.  25.  1Chas.  Hall.    Hampt.   Basingstoke.    Sch.  1742. 
Jul.  25.     Bernard  Kirkham.   Gloc.    Stanton. 

Jul.  25.     Joh.  Sam  well.    Wilton.    Market  Lavington.    Sch.  1745. 
Jul.  25.     Joh.  Warneford.    Gloc.   Miserden.    Sch.  1745.   (Camden 

Prof.  Anc.  Hist.) 

Nov.  i.     Wm.  Larkham.    Sur.    Richmond.    Sch.  1745. 
Nov.  i.     Joh.  Smith.    B.  andW.    Milborne  Port,  Somerset. 

1737.  Oct.  27.    Tim.  Neve.    Line.   Spalding.    13.    Sch.  1745.    Mar- 

garet Professor  of  Divinity.   Bampton  Lecturer. 
Oct.  27.    Streynsham  Master.    Lane.   Win  wick. 

1738.  Nov.  30.   Rob.  Lynch.    Cant.    Ripple. 

Nov.  30.  Wm.  Harrison.    Dunelm.   Durham.    Sch.  1749- 

1739.  Apr.  6.   Edwd.  Towersey.    Bed.   Bedford.    Sch.  1747. 

1  From  this  point  the  entries  are  usually  in  English. 


406      ADMISSIONS  OF  FELLOWS  AND  SCHOLARS 

Jul.  20.     Jas.  Hampton.    Hampt.    Bishop's  Waltham. 
JuL  20.     Wm.  Bearre.    Ex.   Newton  Abbott.    Sch.  1749. 

1740.  Jun.  23.    Tho.  Cooke.    Hampt.    Winchester.    Sch.  1750. 
Jan.  i.       Rich.  Healy.    B.  andW.   Wells. 

1741.  Oct.  10.   Job.  Corpe.    B.  and  W.    Gorton  Denham. 
Nov.  30.    Hen.  Mitchell.    Sur.   Richmond. 

Nov.  30.    Sam.  Starky.   Lane.   Rochdale.    Sch.  1752. 
Mar.  8.     Lucy  Hammond.    B.  and  W.    Halse,  Somerset. 

1742.  Jun.  12.   Wm.  Vivian.    Ex.    Little  Petherick,  Corrrtvall.    Sch. 

1752.    Reg.  Prof.  Medicine. 
Mar.  i.     Chas.  Dobson.    Hampt.   Winchester.    Sch.  1754. 

1743.  Feb.  27.  G-eo.  Beaver.   Ox.   Oxford.    1311.    Sch.  1755. 

1744.  Nov.  19.    Hen.  Peckard.   Line.    Welbourne. 

1745.  May  3.    Chas.  Reeks.    B.  and  W.   Yeovil.   Sch.  1755. 
May  3.      Wm.  Camplin.    B.  and  W.    Brompton  Ralph,  Somerset. 

Sch.  1756. 

Oct.  ii.      Jos.  Wells.    Wilton.    Manningford  Bruce.    Sch.  1756. 
Nov.  23.    Edm.  Filmer.    Kent.   East  Sutton. 
Nov.  23.    Joh.  Wickham.    Gloc.    Clifton.    Soc.  Baliol. 
Mar.  12.   Rich.  Skinner.    Gloc.   Dead(Did)marton.    Sch.  1757. 
Mar.  12.   Joh.  White.    Sur.    Compton. 
Mar.  12.    Tho.  Hurst.    Line.    Stamford.    Sch.  1758. 

1746.  Feb.  7.    Chas.  Lawson.    Line.   East  Kirkby.    (High  Master 

of  Manchester  Gr.  Sch.) 

1747.  Jan.  13.    Edwd.  Simons.   Bed.   Cuddington.   Sch.  1758. 

THOMAS  RANDOLPH. 
Seventeenth  President.    1748.    Apr.  23. 

1748.  Dec.  5.   Edwd.  WeUer.    Kent.    Maidstone.   Sch.  1759. 

1749.  May  5.    Wm.  Finden.    Hampt.   Alton.   Sch.  1759. 
May  5.      Tho.  Pettener.   Sur.   Worplesdon.    Sch.  1759. 

Nov.  21.    Rich.  Shepherd.    Line.    Marsham  le  Fen.    Sch.  1760. 
Nov.  21.   Tho.  Hornsby.    Dunelm.   Durham.   Sch.  1760.  (p.  290.) 
Feb.  26.     Sam.  Musgrave.    Ex.   Washfield,  Devon. 

1750.  Oct.  19.     Joh.   Cooke.     Hampt.     Winchester.     Sch.  1761. 

Pr.  1783. 

1751.  May  n.    Arnold  Carter.    Sur.   Guildford. 
Nov.  14.    Sam.  Weller.   Kent.    Maidstone.    Sch.  1761. 

17521.  Apr.  14.  Wm.  Stafford  Done.  Gloc.  Gloucester.  Sch.  1762. 
{Archdeacon  of  Bedford.) 

1753.  Mar.  2.    Joh.  Whitaker.     Lane.    Manchester.     Sch.   1763. 

(p.  290.) 

Mar.  2.    Tho.   Barnard.      Ex.     Whitestone,   Devon.     Sch.    1763. 
Bishop  of  Limerick. 

1754.  Dec.  12.    Tho.  Amis.    Hampt.   Winchester. 

1  From  this  year  onwards,  the  year  begins  on  Jan.  i. 


FROM  1739   TO   1770.  407 

1755.  Nov.  10.    Job.  Russell.    Ox.    Soulderne.    8^1.1763. 

Nov.  10.    Jos.  Gunning.    B.  and  W.    Swainswick,  Som.    Sch.  1763. 

1756.  Oct.  g.   Rich.  Crosse.    B.  and  W.   Cannington,  Somerset. 

1757.  Feb.  9.   Wm.  Stratton  Liddiard.    Wilton.   Ogbourn. 
Apr.  25.    Sam.  Clark.    Gloc.   Kempsford.    Sch.  1764. 

Apr.  25.    Tho.  Brown.    Hampt.    Tichfield.    Sch.  1764. 

1758.  May  29.    Joh.  Churchill.    Ex.    Morchard  Bishop,  Devon. 

Sch.  1769. 
May  29.   Humph.  Sibthorpe.    Line.    Lincoln.    See  Foster's  Al.  Ox. 

13  7.    Sch.  1764. 
May  29.    Geo.  Rugeley.   Bed.   Potton.    Sch.  1769. 

1759.  Jul.  13.   Edwd.  Andrews.   Kent.   Hinxhill. 

Jul.  13.      Tho.  Stockwell.    Hampt.   Dummer.   Sch.  1769. 
Oct.  17.     Gab.  Tahourdin.    Sur.   Farnham. 
Oct.  17.     Jas.  Weller.    Sur.   Guildford. 

1760.  Jun.  26.    Joh.  Tesh.    Line.   North  Kelsey.    Sch.  1770. 

1761.  Feb.  26.    Wm.  Scott.   Dunelm.    Heworth.    154.     Afterwards 

Lord  Stowell.    (p.  291.) 
Nov.  g.      Chas.  Collins.    Sus.    Midhurst.    Fr.  cog. 

1762.  Mar.  25.    Herb.  Randolph.     Kent.     Petham.    14  \\.    Soc. 

Magd. 

Dec.  23.    Joh.  Keble.    Gloc.    Fairford.    Sch.  1772.     (Father  of  the 
Author  of  the  Christian  Year.) 

1763.  Apr.  23.   Joh.  Green.   Lane.   Leigh. 

Apr.  23.    Joh.  Buckland.   Ex.   Woolborough,  Devon.    Sch.  1771. 

Jul.  2.       Wm.  Bradley.    Ox.   Heyford  at  Bridge.    Sch.  1772. 

Oct.  6.      Joh.  Hunt.    B.  and  W.    Compton  Pauncefort,  Somerset. 

Soc.  Om.  An. 
Oct.  6.       Harry  Purlewent.    B.  and  W.    Bath.    Sch.  1773. 

1764.  Jan.  7.   Edwd.  Norwood.   Kent.   Ashford.    Soc.  Or. 
Jun.  29.    Chas.  Wilkins.    Hampt.    Husborn-Tarrant. 

Oct.  4.       Chas.  Wake.   Wilton.    East  Knoyles.    Sch.  1775. 

Oct.  4.       Martin  Stafford  Smith.    Gloc.   Hucklecott.   Sch.  1774. 

1765.  Mar.  2.   Tovey  Jolliffe.     Hampt.    St.  Nicholas,  Newport, 

I.  W.   Sch.  1777. 

Mar.  2.     Edwd.  Bromhead.    Line.   Lincoln. 
Mar.  2.     Geo.  Clarke.    Dunelm.    Newcastle  on  Tyne.    Sch.  1777. 
Jun.  4.       Edwd.  Pulham.    Sur.   Compton.   Soc.  Merton. 

1768.  Mar.  25.  Walker  King.  Lane.   Whalley.    Sch.  1778.  Bishop 

of  Rochester,    (p.  291.) 

Mar.  25.  Sam.  Partridge.  Line.  St.  Swithin,  Lincoln.  Soc.  Magd. 
Oct.  12.  Chas.  Tahourdin.  Sur.  Wey bourne,  Farnham.  Sch.  1780. 
Oct.  12.  Ric.  Jacob.  Kent.  Waterin(?g)bury.  Sch.  1780. 

1769.  May  5.    Hen.  Beeke.    Ex.   Kingsteignton,  Dev.    (p.  291.) 
May  5.     Joh.  Parker.   Bed.   Bedford.    Sch.  1781. 

Oct.  23.     Matt.  Dowding.    Kent.   Tunbridge  Wells. 
Oct.  23.     Jas.  Cotton.    Hampt.  Winchester. 

1770.  Jul.  6.    Wm.  Lipscombe.    Hampt.   Winchester,    (p.  291.) 


408      ADMISSIONS  OF  FELLOWS  AND  SCHOLARS. 

Oct.  24.     Job.  Parkinson.   Line.    Randill(Ravendale).  Soc.Magd. 
Oct.  24.     Win.  Bryant.    B.  and  W.   Bridgewater.    Soc.  Line. 

1771.  Oct.  31.    Franc.  Swann.  Line.  (Swinderby.  Foster,  Al. Ox.) 
Oct.  31.     Wm.  Moore  Newnham.    Sur.   Ash.    Sch.  1783. 

1772.  Feb.  19.    Jon.  Newte.   Ex.   Tiverton,  Devon. 
Nov.  2.     Jon.  Skelton.    Line.   Goxhill.    Sch.  1783. 
Nov.  2.      Sara.  Seyer.    Gloc.   Bristol. 

1773.  Feb.  25.    Chas.  Alcock.    Ox.   Bucknell.    Soc.  Nov.  Coll. 
Nov.  26.   Jas.  Beaver.    Ox.    Lewknor.    12  n.   Sch.  1784. 

1774.  Mar.  5.    French  Laurence.     B.  and  W.     St.  James,  Bath. 

Sch.  1784.    {p.  291.) 
Oct.  21.     Jon.  Page.    Gloc.   Bibury. 

1775.  Feb.  22.  Tho.  Burgess.  Hampt.  Odiham.  Sch.  1784.   Bishop 

of  Salisbury,    (p.  291.) 

Jul.  3.       Edwd.  Stretch.    Wilton.    Calne.    Sch.  1787. 
Oct.  23.     Tho.  Putt.    Ex.    Plymouth.    Sch.  1788. 

1776.  Mar.  19.    Joh.  Whicher.    Hampt.    Petersfield.    Fr.  cog. 

1777.  Sep.  20.    G-eo.  Williams.    Hampt.    Catherington.    Sch.  1788. 

<p.  291.) 
Sep.  20.     Jas.  Griffith.    Dunelm.    Houghton  le  Spring.    Soc.  Univ. 

Mag.  Univ. 
3778.   Oct.  g.  Wolston  Holme  Parr.    Lane.    Liverpool.    Sch.  1789. 

1779.  Jul.  i.   Wm.  Filmer.    Kent.    Crundale.    Sch.  1791. 

1780.  Oct.  17.   Hen.  Edm.  Hill.    Sur.   Guildford.    Sch.  1791. 

1781.  Mar.  21.    Chas.  Abbott.    Kent.    Abp.  of  Canterbury's  Palace. 

Sch.  1791.    Lord  Tenterden.    {pp.  291,  296.) 

Jul.  10.      Herb.  Joh.  Beaver.    B.  and  W.    Wells.    146.    Sch.  1791. 
Jul.  10.     Hob.  Trotman  Coates.    Gloc.    Sodbury.    Sch.  1791. 

1782.  Feb.  9.    Hen.  Dymock.    Ox.   Chipping  Norton.    Sch.  1792. 
May  ii.    Chas.  Barton.    Gloc.    St.  Nicholas,  Glouc.    Sch.  1793. 

1783.  Jan.  13.   Chas.  Bob.  Marshall.    Line.    St.  Helen's,  Theddle- 

thorpe.    Soc.  Lincoln. 
Jan.  13.     Joh.  Guard.    Ex.   Honiton.    Sch.  1792. 

JOHN  COOKE. 
Eighteenth  President.    1783.  April  3. 

1783.  Jul.  1 8.    Tho.  Bigge.    Dunelm.    Little  Benton,  Northumb. 
Jul.  1 8.      Wm.  Roberts.    Sur.    St.  Mary,  Newington.    Sch.  1793. 

Oct.  21.     Wm.  Birch.    Line.   Alford. 

1785.  Jan.  8.    Geo.  Nigel  Raynsford.    Bed.    Henlow.    Sch.  1793. 
Jan.  8.      Joh.  Harbin.    B.  and  W.    Yeovil. 
Jan.  8.       Jas.  Worsley.    Hampt.    Chale,  I.  W.   Sch.  Nov.  Coll. 
Jun.  1 6.     Tho.  Lockton.    Hampt.    Weyhill.    Sch.  1794. 

1787.  May  21.    Herb.  Randolph.   Wilton.   Durnford.    Sch.  1794. 

1788.  Jan.  21.    Tho.  Falconer.    B.  and  W.    Bath.    Sch.  1794. 
May  8.     Joh.  Baker  Rodgerson.   Line.   Spalding.    Sch.  1796. 
May  8.      Wm.  Hunt.   Ex.   Tiverton,  Devon. 


FROM  1770  TO  1799.  409 

Jun.  30.     Job.  Browne.    Hampt.    Whitchurch.    Sch.  1796. 

Dec.  i.      Geo.  Garrett.    Hampt.    Portsmouth. 

1789.   Apr.  3.    Fred.   Wm.   Holme.     Lane.     Upholland,    Wigan. 

Sch.  1796. 
May  4.      Job.  Emeris.   Line.   Louth.    Sch.  1797. 

1791.  May  28.    Franc.  Whitfleld.    Kent.    St.  Andrew,  Canterbury. 
May  28.    Jon.  Wm,  Bourke.   Sur.   Carshalton.   Sch.  1797. 

May  28.   Edwd.  Copleston.    Ex.   Offwell,  Devon.    153.    Soc.  Oriel 

J795-    <PP-  3°3.  298-> 

Nov.*j.     Rich.  Budd.   Kent.   Eltham.  Sch.  1797. 
Nov.  7.     Hen.  Philpotts.     B.  and  W.     Bridgewater.     136.     Soc. 

Mag.    (pp.  303,  298.) 
Nov.  7.      Gilb.  Elton.    Gloc.   Gloucester.    Sch.  1799. 

1792.  Mar.  30.    Joh.  Horseman.   Ox.    Souldern.    Sch.  1800. 

Oct.  29.     Joh.  Comyns   Churchill.     Ex.     North  Norton,  Devon. 

Sch.  1 80 1. 
Oct.  29.     Wm.  Nich.  Darnell.    Dunelm.    Newcastle  upon  Tyne. 

Sch.  1797. 

1793.  May  15.   Jas.  Daubeney.   Gloc.    Stratton. 

1794.  Jan.  27.    Joh.  Hook.   Bed.  Bedford.   Sch.  1798. 

May  6.     Vaughan  Thomas.    Sur.    Kingston  upon  Thames.    Sch. 

1803. 

May  6.      Geo.  Baker.    Hampt.   Michelmarsh.    Sch.  1803. 
Jul.  19.     Joh.  Bond.   Kent.  Ashford.    Sch.  1798. 
Jul.  19.     Joh.  Hearn  Pinckney.  Wilton.  Great  Bed  win.  Sch.  1803. 

1795.  Jan.  26.    Chas.  Kemeys  Watkins.    Hampt.    Odiham.    Sch. 

1803. 
Jan.  26.     Jas.  Phillott.     B.  and  W.     SS.  Peter   and   Paul,   Bath. 

Sch.  1798. 

Oct.  22.     Joh.  Gaius  Copleston.   Ex.   Offwell,  Devon. 
Oct.  22.     Rob.  Gatehouse.    B.  and  W.    North  Cheriton,  Somerset. 

Sch.  1803. 

1796.  Apr.  23.   Bob.  Cholmeley.    Line.    Stoke  and  Easton.   Sch. 

1803. 

Oct.  21.     Jas.  Hamer.    Lane.    St.  Thomas,  Liverpool.    Sch.  1804, 
aet.  13  3i- 

1797.  Mar.  31.  Rob.  Cropp  Taunton.  Hampt.  Southampton. 
Mar.  31.  Willingham  Franklin.    Line.   Spilsby.    Soc.  Oriel  1801. 

<P-  3°3-> 

Jul.  7.       Geo.  Leigh  Cooke.  Sur.  Bookham.    Sch.  1805.  (p.  303.) 
Jul.  7.       Godf.  Faussett.  Kent.  Nackington.    Soc.Magd.  (p. 303.) 

1798.  Jan.  24.    Wm.  Jepson  Haswell.      Dunelm.     Tynemouth, 

Northumberland. 

Apr.  20.    Maurice  James.   B.  and  W.    St.  James,  Bath.    Sch.  1805. 
Oct.  30.     Tho.  Edwd.  Bridges.   Kent.    St.  Nicholas  at  Wade,  Isle 

ofThanet.    Sch.  1806.    Pr.  1823. 

1799.  Apr.  20.  Sam.  Whittingham.    Bed.   b.  atPotton.  Sch.  1806. 
Apr.  20.    Wm.  Williams.    Gloc.   Avening.    Sch.  1806. 


410      ADMISSIONS  OF  FELLOWS  AND  SCHOLARS 

1800.  Apr.  4.    Geo.  Taunton.    Ox.   St.  Aldate,  Oxford.    Sch.  1807. 

1801.  May  14.    Chas.  Milman  Mount.    Gloc.    Cirencester.    Sen. 

1808. 

May  14.    Wm.  Buckland.   Ex.    Axminster.    Sch.  1809.    (p.  303.) 
May  14.    Wm.  Woolcombe.   Ex.  East  Worlington,  Devon.    14  8£. 

Sch.  1 8 10. 
Oct.  1 6.     Bobinson  Elsdale.   Line.    Surfleet. 

1802.  Oct.  22.   Fred.  Elwyn.    Kent.    St.  Andrew,  Canterbury. 

1803.  Apr.  23.   Tho.  Tunstall  Haverfleld.    Sur.   Kew.    Sch.  1810. 
Apr.  23.    Geo.  David  Faithful.    Hampt.    St.  Thomas,  Winchester. 

Sch.  1811. 
Nov.  23.   Car.  Williams.    St.  Michael,  Winchester.    Adm.  Nov.  Coll. 

Fr.  cog. 

Nov.  23.   Edw.  Davidson.   Dunelm.   Brancepeth,  Dur.   Soc.  Univ. 
Nov.  23.   Joh.  Brickenden  Frowd.    Wilton.  Chicklade.    Sch.  1812. 
Nov.  23.  Matt.  Arnold.    Hampt.    North  wood,  Cowes,  I.  W.    Sch. 

1812.   Brother  of  T.  Arnold. 

Nov.  23.   W.  H.  Turner.   B.  and  W.    St.  Andrew,  Wells.   Sch.  1813. 
Nov.  23.   Rowland  Curtois.    Line.    Sixhill.    Sch.  1814. 

1804.  Jul.  6.   Wm.  Fielding.    Kent.    Sandwich. 

Dec.  7.      Chas.  Dyson.    Acton,  Middlesex.   Sch.  1813.    Fr.  cog. 
Dec.  7.      Edwd.  Whitehead.   Lane.   Bolton  le  Moors.    Sch.  1815. 

1805.  Apr.  27.   Bob.  Gordon  Andrews.    Sur.  Oxstead.  Sch.  1816. 
Mai.  24.    Hen.  Dan.  Leeves.   B.  andW.   Wrington, Som.  Sch.  1817. 

1806.  Apr.  1 8.   Joh.  Everest.   Kent.    Greenwich. 

Mai.  30.   Edwd.  Orlebar  Smith.   Bed.    Hulcote.    Sch.  1818. 
Dec.  12.    Joh.  Keble.    Gloc.    Fairford.     147.    Author  of  Christian 
Year.    Soc.  Oriel,    (p.  303.) 

1807.  Mai.  8.   Wm.  Firth.    Ox.     St.  Peter  in   the   East,   Oxford. 

Sch.  1819. 

1808.  Mar.  31.    Tho.  Keble.    Gloc.   Fairford.     14  5.     Sch.  1820. 

Brother  of  J.  Keble. 

1809.  Apr.  21.   Noel  Tho.  Ellison.   Dunelm.   Newcastle  on  Tyne. 

Soc.  Ball.    (pp.  310-11.) 
Apr.  21.  Joh.  Taylor  Coleridge.  Ex.  Tiverton.  Soc.  Exon.  (p.  303.) 

1810.  Jun.  8.   Joh.  Tucker.   Kent.   Ifield.    Sch.  1820. 

Jun.  8.       Geo.  Jac.  Cornish.   Ex.    Ottery  St.  Mary.  (pp.  311-12.) 
Oct.  26.     Joh.  Gul.  King.    Line.    St.  Margaret,  Line.    Sch.  1820. 

1811.  Feb.  22.    Hen.  Shrubb.    Sur.  Esher.    Sch.  1820. 

Feb.  22.     Tho.  Arnold.    Hampt.    West  Cowes,  I.  W.     15  8.     Soc. 

Oriel,    (pp.  303-4.) 
Oct.  19.     Edwin  Jacob.   Gloc.   Painswick.    Sch.  1820. 

1812.  Apr.  24.    Chas.  Hen.  Halcomb.    Wilton.    Marlborough. 
Apr.  24.    Herb.  White.    Hampt.   Newton  Valence.    Sch.  1821. 
Oct.  2.       Steph.  Creyke.    Ex.   East  Stonehouse,  Devon.    Sch.  1821. 

Archdeacon  of  York. 

1813.  Jun.  4.    Hen.  Jenkyns.     B.  and  W.     Evercreech,  Somerset. 

Soc.  Oriel,    (p.  304.) 


FROM  1800   TO  1824.  411 

1814.  Dec.  g.    Gul.  Swan.    Line.    St.  Mary  le  Wigford,  Lincoln. 

1815.  Oct.  20.   Jac.  Norris.     Hampt.     Warblington.     Sch.   1822. 

Pr.  1843- 
Oct.  20.     Wm.  Whitmarsh  Phelps.     Wilts.     Wilton.     Sch.  1822. 

<P-  3°4-> 
Oct.  20.     Gul.  King.    Line.    Timberland.    Sch.  1823. 

1816.  Jan.  30.   Edwd.  Tew  Richards.    Hampt.    Farlington.    Sch. 

1822. 
Jan.  30.     Edwd.  Parr  Greswell.      Lane.     Denton.      Sch.   1823. 

<P-  3°4-> 
May  10.    Tho.  Heathcote  Tragett.    Sur.    Newington  Butts.    Sch. 

1823. 
May  10.    Hob.  Alder  Thorp.    Dunelm.    Almvick.    Sch.  1823. 

1817.  Jun.  13.    Geo.  Hawkins.    B.  and  W.    Chew  Magna,  Som. 

Sch.  1824. 

1818.  Jun.  15.   Art.  Bennett  Mesham.  Bed.  Bromham.  Sch.  1825. 
Oct.  1 6.     Fred.  Franc.  Edwardes.   B.  andW.    Huish  Champflower, 

Somerset.    Sch.  1825. 

1819.  Oct.  15.   Joh.  Dayman.     Ex.     St.  Columb  Major,  Cornwall. 

Sch.  1825. 

Oct.  15.  Franc.  Robinson.  Ox.  St.  Michael,  Oxford.  14  \\\. 
Sch.  1826. 

1820.  Jun.  9.    Theoph.  Biddulph.   Gloc.    St.  James,  Bristol.    Sch. 

1826. 

Jun.  g.       Oswald  Jos.  Cresswell.    Kent.    Charlton. 
Jun.  g.       Geo.  Davies  Kent.    Line.    St.  Martin,  Line.   Sch.  1827. 

Oct.  13.      Ric.  Sankey.   Cant.  Eythorne.    Sch.  1828. 

Oct.  13.     Joh.  Menzies.  Sur.    Putney.    Sch.  1829. 

1821.  Jun.  29.    Rob.  Eden.      Gloc.      St.  George,  King<?  s)wood. 

Sch.  1830. 
Dec.  7.      Tho.  Medland.   Ex.    Exeter.    Sch.  1830. 

1822.  Nov.  29.    Wm.  Tin  win.    Marylebone,  Middlesex.   Fr.  cog. 
Nov.  29.    Geo.  Morris.    Hampt.    Southampton. 

Nov.  29.    Wm.  Geo.  Lambert.   Wilton.   Bromham.    Sch.  1831. 
Nov.  29.    Edwd.  Powlett  Blunt.  Hampt.  Nether  Wallop.  Sch. 1831. 

THOMAS  EDWARD  BRIDGES. 
Nineteenth  President.     1823.   Feb.  13. 

1823.  Jun.  6.  Clem.  Greswell.  Lane.  Manchester.  145.  Soc.  Oriel. 
Jun.  6.      Geo.  W.  Newnham.    Line.   Bassingham.    Sch.  1831. 
Nov.  28.   Joh.  Chandler.    Sur.    Witley,  Surrey.    Sch.  1832. 

Nov.  28.  Chas.  Abel  Heurtley.  Dunelm.  Bishopwearmouth.  Sch. 
1832.  Canon  of  Ch.  Ch.  and  Margaret  Professor  of  Di- 
vinity. <p.  317.) 

1824.  Nov.  26.   Joh.  Allen  Giles.     B.  and  W.     Mark,   Somerset. 

Sch.  1832.    <p.  317.) 


412      ADMISSIONS  OF  FELLOWS  AND  SCHOLARS 

1825.  Dec.  2.   Jas.  Fred.  Crouch.   Bed.   Clophill.    Sch.  1833. 
Dec.  2.     Joh.  Wm.  Richards.    B.  and  W.    Walcot,  Bath.  Somerset. 

14  it.    Sch.  1834.    (p.  317.) 

1826.  Feb.  24.    Theophilus  Hen.  Blackall.   Ex.   Exeter.    14  3. 
Dec.  i.      Wm.  Hen.  Whitworth.   Ox.    Oxford.   Sch.  1834. 

1827.  Mar.  16.    Geo.  Edwd.  Deacon.    Hampt.   Portsmouth.    Sch. 

1834. 

Mar.  1 6.  Chas.  Balston.   Kent.    Maidstone.    Sch.  1834. 
Mar.  1 6.  Fred.  Holme.     Gloc.     Meysey    Hampton.     Sch.    1835. 

<P-  373-> 
Jun.  15.     Isle  Grant  Overton.   Line.   Louth.    Sch.  1833. 

1828.  May  30.   Rich.  GeU  McMullen.   Kent.   Dover.    Sch.  1835. 

1830.  Jun.  n.    Hen.  Joh.  Onslow.    Sur.  Merrow. 
Jun.  n.     Geo.  Renaud.    Hampt.   Havant.    Sch.  1838. 
Jun.  ii.     Joh.  Wilson.    Lane.    Chipping.    Sch.  1838. 

1831.  Mar.  4.    Theophilus  Pelly.   Gloc.    Siston.    Sch.  1838. 
Mar.  4.     Hen.  Spencer  Slight.    Ex.   Plymouth.    Sch.  1838. 
Mar.  4.     Chas.  Barnes.   Ex.  Exeter. 

Nov.  4.     Art.  Meyrick.   Wilton.   Ramsbury. 

Nov.  4.     Chas.  Richmond  Tate.    Hampt.   Portsea.    Sch.  1839. 

1832.  Feb.  24.   Hen.  Handley  Brown.  Line.   Welbourne. 

Jun.  15.    Stewart  Adolphus  Pears.     Sur.     Pirbright.    Sch.  1839. 

<P-  3i7-> 

Jun.  15.    Joh.  Matthias  Wilson.    Dunelm.    South  Shields.    Sch. 
1841.   Pr.  1872.    <p.  317.) 

1833.  Feb.  15.   Egerton  Joh.  Hensley.     B.  and  W.     Bathwick. 

Sch.  1836. 

1834.  Feb.  7.   Wm.  Reynolds  Wardale.    Bed.    Higham  Gobion. 

Sch.  1841. 

Feb.  7.       Mich.  Harrison.   Line.   Louth.    Sch.  1841. 
May  30.    Tho.  Englesby  Rogers.  B.  and  W.  Yarlington,  Somerset. 

Sch.  1844.    <p.  317.) 

May  30.    Edwd.  Marshall.    Ox.   Ardley.    Sch.  1836. 
May  30.    Tho.  Desborough Andrews.  Kent.  Newington.  Sch.  1845. 

1835.  Feb.  27.    Franc.  Dyson.     New  Palace  Yard,  Westminster. 

Fr.  cog. 

Feb.  27.     Tho.  Meyrick.    Wilton.    Ramsbury. 
Jun.  26.     Geo.  Carless  Swayne.    Gloc.    St.  James,  Bristol.    Sch. 
1846.    <p.  317.) 

1836.  Mar.  n.    Rich.  Joynes.    Kent.   Frindsbury.    Sch.  1847. 
Sep.  23.     Geo.  Hext.    Ex.   Bodmin.    Sch.  1847.    (p.  317.) 

1837.  Mar.  3.    Geo.  Gresley  Perry.    B.  and  W.    Churchill,  Som. 

<P-  3i7-> 
Apr.  15.    Jas.  Spencer  Northcote.    Ex.    Feniton,  Devon.    15  n. 

<P-  3i7.> 
May  5.      Joh.  Hannah.   Line.    St.  Swithin,  Lincoln,    (p.  317.) 

1838.  May  9.    Hen.  Pritchard.     Sur.     St.    Olave's,    Southwark. 

Sch.  1847. 


FROM  1825   TO   1848.  413 

Jun.  15.     Edm.  WilKams.    Hampt.   Overton. 

Aug.  10.    Geo.  Fred.  De  Teissier.      Sur.     Epsom.      Sch.   1847. 

<P-  3i7-> 

1839.  Feb.  8.    Geo.  Buckle.    Gloc.    Clifton,    (p.  317.) 
Feb.  8.       Tho.  Evetts.   Ox.    St.  Thomas,  Oxford. 

1840.  Jan.  24.   Fred.  Naghten.   Hampt.    Titchfield. 
Jan.  24.     Edwd.  Monktou  Jones.   Lane.    Sefton. 

Jan.  24.     Dav.  Barttelot  Barttelot.    Richmond,  Surrey.   Fr.  cog. 

1841.  Mar.  5.   Hen.  Jackson  Rhodes.   Line.   Market  Rasen. 
Jun.  1 8.    Bic.  Art.  Le  Mesurier.    Dunelm.    Houghton  le  Skerne, 

Durham.    Sch.  1848. 

1842.  Feb.  n.  Geo.  Wingate Pearse.  Bed.  Harlington.  Sch.  1849. 
Apr.  22.   Joh.  Douglas  Boileau  Pollen.    Sur.    Little  Bookham. 
Oct.  28.     Joh.  Wm.  Conway  Hughes.   Ox.    Holy  well,  Oxford. 
Oct.  28.     Joh.  Chas.  Prince.    Lane.   Walton  on  the  Hill,  Liverpool. 

1843.  Mar.  3.    Chas.  Fred.  Hayden.     B.  and  W.     Lyncombe, 

Somerset.    Sch.  1849. 

Mar.  3.     Fred.  Chalker.   Ex.    St.  Andrew,  Plymouth.   Sch.  1850. 
Jun.  23.     Chas.  Trimmer.    Gloc.    St.  John,  Gloucester.    Sch.  1851. 

JAMES  NOEBIS. 
Twentieth  President.     1843.    Sep.  16. 

1844.  May  3.    Hen.  Calverley  Blayds.     B.  and  W.     Norton  St. 

Philip,  Somerset.    Sch.  1851. 
May  3.      Wm.  Jo.  Rivers.  Story.   Hampt.  St.  Michael,  Winchester. 

1845.  May  9.    Chas.  Fort.    Wilton.   Alderbury.    Sch.  1852. 
May  9.      Chas.  Franc.  Willis.   Kent.    Hawkhurst.    Sch.  1853. 
Aug.  16.    Wm.  Ogle1.   Ox.   St.  Mary  Magd.,  Oxford.  Sch.  1847. 
Aug.  1 6.    Chas.  Blaekstone.   Hampt.   Woking. 

Aug.  1 6.    Philip  Lutley  Sclater 2.    Hampt.  Wootten  St.  Lawrence. 
15  9.    Sch.  1853. 

1846.  Jun.  12.    Hen.  Wadham.    Gloc.    Winterbourne.    16  3.    Sch. 

1854. 
Jun.  12.    Franc.  Thirkhill  Conington.   Line.   Boston.    Sch.  1849. 

1847.  May  7.   Joh.  Buttanshaw.   Kent.    Wrotham.    Sch.  1854. 
fun.  n.     Hen.  Furneaux.   Ex.    St.  Germans,  Cornwall.    Sch.  1854. 
Dec.  3.      Ellis  Fred.  Thorold.    Line.    Rauceby. 

Dec.  3.      Edgar  Hyde.    Sur.    Camberwell.    Sch.  1857. 

1848.  Feb.  18.    Tho.  Sanden  Godman  Kirkpatrick.     Hampt. 

New  Church,  I.  W. 

Feb.  1 8.    Cuthbert  Blizard  Borradaile.    Sur.   Wandsworth. 
Feb.  1 8.    Tho.  Godfrey  Faussett.   Ox.   St.  Giles,  Ox.   Sch.  1857. 
Jun.  30.    Alf.  Wm.  Hunt 3.    Lane.    St.  Peter,  Liverpool.    Sch.  1857. 
Jun.  30.    Edm.  Hubert  Goldsmith.  Dunelm.  Stanhope.  Sch.  1858. 

1  Superintendent  of  Statistics.  2  F.R.S.     Sec.  of  Zoological  Society. 

3  Hon.  Fellow,  1882. 


414      ADMISSIONS  OF  FELLOWS  AND  SCHOLARS 

1849.  Mar.  23.  Fred.  Wm.  Walker1.  Sur.  Bermondsey.  Sch.  1859. 
Mar.  23.  Bingham  Sibthorp  Maiden.   Hampt.   Ryde,  I.  W. 
Mar.  23.  Art.  Hen.  Pearse.    Bed.    Westoning. 

Dec.  7.      Theophilus  Jcsiah  East.   B.  and  W.    Croscombe,  Som. 

1850.  Mar.  i.   Franc.  Otter2.    Line.    Gainsborough.    Sch.  1861. 
Jun.  7.       "Wm.  Hen.  Ranken.     B.  and  W.    Brislington,  Somerset. 

Sch.  1862. 

1851.  Feb.  14.   Art.  Martin.   Ex.   Staverton,  Devon.    Sch.  1862. 
Feb.  14.     Jon.  Douglas  Middleton.    Hampt.    Lymington. 

1852.  Feb.  6.   Joh.  Chris.  Browne.    Gloc.    Cheltenham. 
Feb.  6.       Joh.  Wm.  Nutt3.    B.  and  W.    Tiverton,  Somerset. 
Feb.  6.       Edwd.  Compton  Dyson.    Hampt.   Tidworth.   Fr.  cog. 
Jun.  1 8.     Alb.  Bulteel  Fisher.    Wilton.    Salisbury.    Sch.  1863. 

1853.  May  28.   Philip   Stanhope   Worsley.     Kent.    Greenwich. 

Sch.  1863. 

1854.  Mar.  u.   Hen.  Jas.  Macdonald.    Lane.   Manchester. 
Mar.  ii.  Wm.  Hen.  Mainguy.   Dunelm.    Stanhope. 

1855.  Feb.  10.   Kenelm  Edwd.  Digby4.    Gloc.   Wootton  under 

Edge.    Sch.  1864. 
Feb.  10.     Franc.  Hen.  Curgenven.     Ex.     St.  Andrew,  Plymouth. 

Sch.  1864. 
Feb.  10.     Geo.  Herb.  Moberly.     Hampt.    St.  Swithin,  Winchester. 

Sch.  1865. 
Feb.  10.     Joh.    Rob.  Charlesworth   Miller.     Kent.     Blackheath. 

Sch.  1865. 

Discipuli  secundum  Formam  Statutorum  anno  MDCCCLV 
emendatorum  elect! 5. 

6 1857.    Apr.  3.    Hen.  Nettleship7.    Kettering,  Northamptonshire. 

1858.  Mar.  26.    Chas.  Bigg  8.    Higher  Broughton,  Manchester. 
Mar.  26.    Owen  Orton.    Carisbrook,  I.  W. 

Mar.  26.  Geo.  Augustus  Simcox9.  Newgate  Street,  London. 
Mar.  26.  Reginald  Bosworth  Smith10.  Stafford,  Dorsetshire. 
Mar.  26.  Allan  Becher  Webb11.  Calcutta,  East  India. 

1859.  Apr.  15.   Chas.  Walter  Clifford.    Birmingham. 
Apr.  15.     Edwd.  Donner.    Scarborough,  Yorkshire. 
Apr.  15.    Mortimer  Sloper  Howell.    Bath,  Somerset. 

Apr.  15.    Jas.  Rich.  Thursfield  12.    Kidderminster,  Worcestershire. 

1  High  Master  of  Manchester  and  subsequently  of  St.  Paul's.  2  Formerly 

M.P.  for  Louth  Div.  of  Lincolnshire.  3  Fellow  of  All  Souls.  *  Vine- 

rian  Reader  in  English  Law,  1868-74.     Judge  of  County  Courts.  8  By  the 

Statutes  of  1855  the  local  restrictions,  both  for  Scholarships  and  Fellowships,  were 
abolished,  and  the  Scholarships  no  longer  led  to  Fellowships.  6  The  dates 

up  to  May  18,  1872,  are  those  of  election.     From  May  18,  1872,  onwards,  the 
dates  are  those  of  admission.  7  Fellow  of  Lincoln,  afterwards  of  C.  C.  C. 

Corpus  Professor  of  Latin.  8  Senior  Student  of  Ch.  Ch.     Hampton  Lec- 

turer, 1886.  »  Fellow  of  Queen's.  10  Fellow  of  Trinity.  a  Fellow 

of  University.     Bishop  of  Grahamstown.  12  Fellow  of  Jesus. 


FROM  1849   TO   1869.  415 

1860.    Mar.  26.    Chas.  Geo.  Horatio  Shorting.     Stonham  Aspall, 
Suffolk. 

1862.  Mar.  22.    Chas.  Joh.  Pearson  *.   Edinburgh. 
Mar.  22.  Joh.  Hen.  Martyn  Weitbrecht.   London, 
Mar.  22.  Sam.  Roebuck  Brooke.    Margate,  Kent. 

Mar.  22.  Gerald  Augus.  Bob.  Fitzgerald 2.  Fledborough,  Notts. 
Mar.  22.  Edwd.  Ridley3.    Blagdon,  Northumberland. 

1863.  Mar.  21.    Jos.  Cross.   Bolton,  Lancashire. 
Mar.  21.  Chas.  Rob.  Moore.   Hordley,  Shropshire. 
Mar.  21.  Chas.  Selby  Oakley.   Luton,  Kent. 

Mar.  21.  Wm.  Sanday4.    Holme  Pierrepont,  Nottingham. 

Mar.  21.  Wm.  Lucius  Selfe.    St.  George's,  Bloomsbury,  London. 

1864.  Mar.  12.   Hen.  Farrington  Evans.    Secunderabad,  E.  India. 
Mar.  12.  Rob.  Wm.  Hanbury5.    Tamworth,  Staffordshire. 

Mar.  12.  Hen.  De  Burgh  Hollings6.    Cawnpore,  E.  India. 
Mar.  12.  Lewis  Le  Hardy  Sharkey.    St.  Helier,  Jersey. 
Mar.  12.  Paul  Ferdinand  Willert 7.    Prestwich,  Lancashire. 

1865.  Mar.  18.    Owen  Ilbert.    Thurleston,  Devon. 
Mar.  1 8.  Rob.  Wood  Ingham.    Marylebone,  London. 
Mar.  1 8.  Edm.  Arbuthnot  Knox8.   Bangalore,  E.  India. 
Mar.  1 8.  Walter  Lock 9.   Dorchester,  Dorset. 

Mar.  1 8.  Alex.  Chas.  Richards  Maitland.    Teignmouth,  Devon. 

1866.  Mar.  17.   Franc.  Chorley  Channing.   Taunton,  Somerset. 
Mar.  1 7.  Geo.  Wynne  Jeudwine 10.   Kensington. 

Mar.  1 7.  Wm.  Harry  Barber  Lindsell.   Bloomsbury,  London. 
Mar.  17.  Spencer  Cecil  Russell11.      Tyrrell's  Pass,  Westmeath, 

Ireland. 
Mar.  17.  Chas.  Lewis  Tupper12.    Paddington,  London. 

1867.  Mar.  23.    Hen.  Napier  Abbot.    Clifton,  Gloucester. 
Mar.  23.  Joh.  Richardson  Illingworth13.   London. 
Mar.  23.  Wm.  Little".   Manchester. 

Mar.  23.  Jos.  Arderne  Ormerod15.    Starston,  Norfolk. 
Mar.  23.  Joh.  Huntley  Skrine16.   Bath. 

1868.  Mar.  21.    Wm.  Mordaunt  Furneaux l7.   Walton,  Warwick- 

shire. 

Mar.  21.  Martin  Holdich  Green18.  Winterbourne  Stepleton,  Dorset. 
Mar.  21.  Franc.  Hen.  Hall19.   Thurnham,  Kent. 
Mar.  21.  Joh.  Story  Masterman20.   Wallingford,  Berks. 
Mar.  21.  Giles  Theodore  Pilcher.    Camberwell. 

1869.  Mar.  13.   Hon.  Franc.  Hen.  Baring.    London. 

1  Afterwards  Sir  C.  J.  Pearson,  Lord  Advocate  for  Scotland  ;  M.P.  for  the  Uni- 
versities of  Edinburgh  and  St.  Andrew's.  2  Fellow  of  St.  John's.  3  Fellow 
of  All  Souls.  *  Fellow  of  Trinity,  afterwards  of  Exeter.  Ireland  Professor  of 
Exegesis.  *  M.P.  for  Preston.  6  Fellow  of  C.  C.  C.  7  Fellow  of  Exeter. 
8  Fellow  of  Merton.  9  Fellow  of  Magdalen.  10  Fellow  of  Queen's.  ll  Fellow 
of  C.  C.  C.  '2  Chief  Sec.  to  Govt.  of  Punjab.  13  Fellow  of  Jesus.  "  Fellow 
of  C.  C.  C.  15  Fellow  of  Jesus.  16  Fellow  of  Merton.  Warden  of  Trinity 
College,  Glenalmond.  l7  Head  Master  of  Repton  School.  18  Fellow  of 

Trinity.         19  Fellow  of  Oriel.        20  Fellow  of  B.  N.  C. 


416  ADMISSIONS  OF  SCHOLARS 

Mar.  13.  Fred.  Wm.  Hughes  Hughes.   London. 

Mar.  13.  Chas.  Plummer1.    St.  Leonards,  Sussex. 

Mar.  13.  Hen.  Wm.  Boscoe.   Chester. 

Mar.  1 3.  David  Fred.  Schloss.    West  Derby,  Lancashire. 

1870.  Mar.  26.    Rob.  Albert  Jones.   Wrexham,  Denbighshire. 
Mar.  26.  Jas.SomervilleLockhart2.  Inchinnan, Renfrewshire. N.B. 
Mar.  26.  Franc.  Shepley  Bamsbotham.    Huddersfield,  Yorkshire. 
Mar.  26.  Tho.  Collins  Snow3.   York. 

Mar.  26.  Lewis  Edwd.  Upcott.    Cullompton,  Devon. 

1871.  Mar.  25.   Hen.  Akers.   Norfolk  Island,  the  Pacific. 
Mar.  25.  Herbert  Andrew  Dalton 4.    Lambeth. 

Mar.  25.  Jos.  Hooper  Maude  5.   Chirk,  Denbighshire. 

Mar.  25.  Herbert  Woodfleld  Paul6.   Finedon,  Northamptonshire. 

JOHN  MATTHIAS  WILSON. 
Twenty-first  President.     1872.    May  8. 

7 1872.   May  18.   Wm.  Feltrum  Fagan.   Bath. 

Oct.  1 6.     Joh.  Harkness  *.   Derby. 

Oct.  1 6.     Edwd.  Melford  Mee9.    Riddings,  Derbyshire. 

1873.  Mar.  10.  Wm.  Mouat  Cameron.    Mooltan,  India. 
Apr.  22.    Alfred  Mortimer  Nesbitt.   Northampton. 

Apr.  22.   Franc.  Wells  Newmarch.   Gainsborough,  Lincolnshire. 
May  31.  Geo.  Spencer  De  Sausmarez.   Northampton. 
Oct.  14.    Fred.  Gaspard  Brabant.   Great  Marlow,  Bucks. 
Oct.  14.    Bob.  Halley  Chambers 10.   Bowdon,  Cheshire. 
Oct.  14.    Tho.  Field11.   Folkestone,  Kent. 
Oct.  14.    Hartman  Wolfgang  Just.   Bristol. 

1874.  Jan.  29.   Art.  Bingham  Walkley.   Bristol. 
Oct.  22.    Fred.  Tho.  Dalton.   Highgate. 

Oct.  22.    Art.  Elam  Haigh 12.   Leeds. 

Oct.  22.    Jos.  Hen.  Warburton  Lee.   Malpas,  Flintshire. 

1875.  fan  25.  Chas.  Wm. Browning.  Thorpe Mandeville,  Northants. 
Jan.  25.    Wm.  Hen.  Herbert  Curtler.    Abbess  Roding,  Essex. 

Oct.  1 8.    Chas.  Martin  Powell.    Blackheath,  Kent. 
Oct.  1 8.    Alan  Geo.  Sumner  Gibson18.   Fawley,  Hants. 
Oct.  1 8.    Mortimer  Drewe  Malleson.   Gilston,  Herts. 
Oct.  1 8.    Jas.  Christopher  Bowman.   Liverpool. 

1876.  Jan.  22.  Joh. Chas.  Leonard  Brown.  Tutshill,co.  Monmouth. 
Apr.  28.  Wm.  Peterson  u.    Edinburgh. 

Oct.  17.    Chas.   Edwd.    Blackett-Ord.      St.   George's,    Hanover 
Square,  London. 

1  Fellow  of  C.C.C.  2  Fellow  of  Hertford.     Secretary  to  the  Civil  Service 

Commission.  3  Fellow  of  St.  John's.  4  Senior  Student  of  Ch.  Ch.  5  Fel- 
low of  Hertford.  6  M.P.  for  South  Edinburgh.  7  See  note  6,  p.  414.  8  Head 
Master  of  Waitaki  School,  New  Zealand.  9  Fellow  of  Queen's.  10  Head 

Master  of  Brighton  College.  u  Fellow  of  Magdalen.     Head  Master  of  King's 

School,  Canterbury.         12  Fellow  of  Hertford.  13  Archdeacon   of  Kokstad, 

Kaffraria.         14  Principal  of  University  College,  Dundee. 


FROM  1869   TO  1882.  417 

Oct.  17.    Rich.  Newdigate  Blandy.    Roselle,  Jersey. 
Oct.  17.    Gavin  Franc.  Hamilton.   Manchester. 

1877.  Oct.  20.    Charles  Cannan1.   Richmond,  Surrey. 

Oct.  20.     Bob.  Lougher  Knight.    St  Bride's,  Glamorganshire. 
Oct.  20.     Chas.  Lowry.    Northleach,  Gloucestershire. 
Oct.  20.     Graham  Wallas.    Bishop-Wearmouth,  Durham. 
Oct.  20.     Fred.  Wm.  Watkin.    Stixwold,  Lincolnshire. 

1878.  Oct.  17.   Winfrid  Oldfleld  Burrows2.    Parish  of  Ch.  Ch., 

Albany  Street,  London. 

Oct.  17.     Wm.  Hen.  Fricker.    Wandsworth,  Surrey. 
Oct.  17.     Leonard  Romney  Furneaux.    Cherington,  Warwickshire. 
Oct.  i1].     Alfred  Hughes 3.   Manchester. 
Oct.  17.     Art.  Augustus  Lea.   Mile-End,  Middlesex. 

1879.  Feb.  i.   Art.  Fred.  Peterson.   Melbourne,  Australia. 
Oct.  14.     Chris.  Cookson.   Dallington,  Northamptonshire. 
Oct.  14.     Jos.  Art.  Dodd.    Hayton,  Cumberland. 

Oct.  14.     Edwd.  Fiennes  Elton.    Wheatley,  Oxon. 

Oct.  14.     Arnold  Louis  Mumm.    Paddington,  Middlesex. 

1880.  Jan.  27.   Wm.  Bartlett.    St.  Mark's,  Whitechapel,  Middlesex. 
Oct.  1 6.     Oliver  Elton.    Holt,  Norfolk. 

Oct.  1 6.     Joh.  Cornwallis  Godley.   Ashfield,  co.  Cavan. 

Oct.  1 6.     Frank  Herb.  Matthews4.    St.  Peter  le  Peor,  Middlesex. 

Oct.  1 6.     Hen.  Alf.  Stern.   London. 

1881.  Feb.  2.  Rob.  Joh.  Thorpe  Ozanne.   St.  Peter's  Port,  Guernsey. 
Oct.  1 8.     Rob.  Franc.  Cholmeley.    Carlton  Rode  Rectory,  Attle- 

borough,  Norfolk. 

Oct.  1 8.     Hen.  Joh.  Newbolt.   Bilston,  Staffordshire. 
Oct.  1 8.     Ralph  Iliff  Simey.    Bishop-Wearmouth,  Durham. 
Oct.  1 8.     Alf.  Tho.  Warren.   Lambeth,  Surrey. 

THOMAS    FOWLER. 
Twenty-second  President.     1881.    Dec.  23. 

1882.  Jan.  23.   Tho.  Hen.  Littlewood.    Hipperholme,  nr.  Halifax, 

Yorkshire. 

Discipuli  secundum  Formam  Statutorum  anno 
MDCCCLXXXII  emendatorum  electi. 

1882.    Oct.  14.   Art.  Richmond  Atkinson.    Taranaki,  New  Zealand. 

Oct.  14.     Cyril  Rob.  Carter.   Eton,  Bucks. 

Oct.  14.     Harry  Hammond  House.    Anderson,  Dorset. 

Oct.  14.     Edwd.  Kirby.    Darlington. 

Oct.  14.     Jas.  Hamilton  Franc.  Peile5.   Gogha,  India. 

1  Fellow  of  Trinity.         2  Senior  Student  of  Ch.  Ch.  3  Head  Master  of  the 

Liverpool  Institute.  *  Head  Master  of  Bolton  Gr.  Sch.  5  Head  Master 

of  Bury  St.  Edmund's  School. 

E  e 


41 8  ADMISSIONS  OF  SCHOLARS 

1883.  Oct.  15.    Chas.  Otto  Blagden.   London. 

Oct.  15.     Job.  Gordon  Drummond  Campbell.   Dumdum,  India. 
Oct.  15.     Leonard  Trelawny  Hobhouse1.     St.  Ive  Rectory,  Lis- 

keard,  Cornwall. 

Oct.  15.     Duncan  McNeill.    Kensington. 
Oct.  15.     Hubert  Llewellyn  Smith.    Bristol. 

1884.  Oct.  13.    Hugh  Chisholm.    Marylebone,  London. 

Oct.  13.     Geo.  Barnard  Milbank  Coore.    Scruton,  North  Riding, 

Yorkshire. 

Oct.  13.     Art.  Bracy  Langridge.    St.  John's  Wood,  Middlesex. 
Oct.  13.     Sidney  Archer  Phillips.   New  Hampton,  Middlesex. 
Oct.  13.     Prank  Pullinger.    Oldham,  Lancashire. 
Oct.  13.     Ben.  Byle  Swift.    Birkdale,  Lancashire. 
Oct.  13.     Walt.  Geo.  Sam.  Whicker.    St.  Peter-Port,  Guernsey. 

1885.  Oct.  17.   Edm.  Kerchever  Chambers.    West  Ilsley,  Berks. 
Oct.  17.     Hen.  Edwd.  Denison  Hammond.    Priston,  Somerset. 
Oct.  17.    Eustace  Joh.  Harvey.    St.  Mary  Abbot's,  Kensington. 
Oct.  17.     Stuart  Stephenson.    Buxton. 

Oct.  17.     Herbert  Ward.   Bradford,  Yorkshire. 

1886.  Oct.  1 6.    Hugh  Latter.   North  Myms,  Herts. 
Oct.  1 6.     Jos.  Grafton  Milne.    Bowdon,  Cheshire. 

Oct.  1 6.     Rob.  Geo.  Collier  Proctor.   Budleigh  Salterton,  Devon. 
Oct.  1 6.     Alan  Penwick  Radcliffe.   Milston,  Wilts. 
Oct.  1 6.     Godfrey  Art.  Harding  Rendall.   Great  Rollright,  Oxon. 
Oct.  1 6.     Jas.  Pred.  Young.    Wolverhampton. 

1887.  Jan.  14.   Art.  Taylor.    Manchester. 

Oct.  1 6.  Joh.  Bernhard  Steinlen  Barratt.  Waiblingen,  Wiirttemb. 

Oct.  1 6.  Hen.  Langton  Brackenbury.    Colchester. 

Oct.  1 6.  Gilb.  Edm.  Augustine  Grindle2.    Pokesdown,  Hants. 

Oct.  1 6.  Dawson  Walker.    Bradford,  Yorkshire. 

Oct.  1 6.  Sam.  Edwd.  Winbolt.    St.  Pancras,  Middlesex. 

1888.  Oct.  13.   Percy  Stafford  Allen.    Twickenham. 
Oct.  i 3.  Bob.  Beaumont  Burnaby.    Leicester. 

Oct.  13.     Felix  Maximilian  Schoenbrunn  Cassel.    Cologne. 

Oct.  13.     Julian  Jas.  Cotton.    Krishnagar,  India. 

Oct.  13.     Theodore  Innes  Pocock.   Clifton,  Emmanuel  parish. 

1889.  Jan.  21.   Alleyne  Leechman.   Ceylon. 
Oct.  12.     Art.  Jas.  Alison.    Glasgow,  N.B. 

Oct.  12.  Basil  Copleston  Allen.    Stoke  Newington,  London. 

Oct.  12.  Tho.  Harrison  Butler.    Stanhope,  co.  Durham. 

Oct.  T2.  Herbert  Vincent  Reade.   Haileybury,  co.  Hertford. 

Oct.  12.  Art.  Edm.  Rigg.    Trincomalee,  Ceylon. 

Oct.  12.  Hugo  Sharpley.   Louth,  Lincolnshire. 

Oct.  12.  Art.  Seager  Warman.   Richmond,  Yorkshire. 

1890.  Oct.  n.   Art.  Hen.  Burlton  Allen.   Blackheath,  Kent. 
Oct.  ii.  Tho.  Biggin.    Stamford,  Lincolnshire. 

1  Fellow  of  Merton.  2  Fellow  of  C.C.C. 


FROM  1883   TO  1892.  419 

Oct.  1 1 .  Roger  Jas.  Cholmeley.   Swaby,  Lincolnshire. 

Oct.  ii.  Art.  Geo.  Cooke.    Orchard  Portman,  Somersetshire. 

Oct.  ii.  Wm.  Malcolm  Hailey.   Newport  Pagnell,  Buckinghamsh. 

Oct.  ii.  Hen.  Howard  Piggott.   Padua,  Italy. 

Oct.  ii.  Jas.  Bennett  Tombleson.  Barton-on-Humber,  Lincolnsh. 

1891.  Oct.  17.    Chas.  Fred.  Balfour.    Valparaiso,  Chile. 
Oct.  1 7.  Harold  Lithgow  Braidwood.   Twickenham. 
Oct.  17.  Wm.  Cuthbert  Childs.  Portsea,  Hants. 

Oct.  17.  Herbert  Coupland.    Harrogate,  Yorkshire. 

Oct.  17.  Sidney  Art.  Simon.    Eccles,  Manchester. 

Oct.  17.  Vere  Art.  Stowell.   Breadsall,  Derbyshire. 

Oct.  17.  Art.  Hen.  Vernede.    St.  Mark's,  Notting  Hill,  London. 

1892.  Oct.  15.    Claude  Martin  Blagden.    Milcombe,  Oxon. 
Oct.  15.  Hugh  Morison  Conacher.   Ashwell,  Herts. 

Oct.  15.  Maurice  Francis  Headlam.   Manchester. 

Oct.  15.  Quentin  Quixano  Henriques.    Manchester. 

Oct.  1 5.  Edward  Lawton.    Manchester. 

Oct.  15.  Art.  Wm.  Smallwood.   Barrow,  Derbyshire. 

Oct.  1 5.  Harold  Owen  Stutchbury.  St.  Mary  Abbot's,  Kensington. 

Oct.  15.  Julius  Mathison  Turing.    Edwinstowe,  Nottinghamshire. 


E  e  2 


LIST  OF 
FELLOWS,  PROFESSOR-FELLOWS,  &c. 

The  following  persons  were  admitted,  in  accordance  with 
the  provisions  of  the  Statutes  of  1855  or  of  Statutes  supple- 
mentary thereto,  as  Fellows,  Professor- Fellows,  Professors,  or 
Honorary  Fellows,  during  the  period  which  elapsed  between 
the  confirmation  of  the  New  Statutes  in  1 855  and  that  of  the 
New  Statutes  which  were  approved  by  the  Queen  in  Council 
on  May  3,  1882. 

1856.    Oct.  30.    John  Conington,  Fellow  of  University,  Corpus  Pro- 
fessor of  Latin.     Died  Oct.  23,  1869. 

1866.  June  29.    Edward  Lee  Hicks,  Brasenose.     Fellow.     Subse- 

quently Canon  Residentiary  of  Manchester. 

1867.  July  5.      John  William  Oddie,  Wadham.     Fellow. 

1868.  July  i.     Robert  Laing,  M.A.,  Wadham.    Fellow.  (Changed 

name  to  Cuthbert  Shields,  Sep.  29,  1886.) 
July  i.      Henry  De  Burgh  Hollings,  Scholar  of  the  Col- 
lege.  Fellow. 

1869.  July  17.    Samuel  Dill,  Lincoln.   Fellow.    Subsequently  High 

Master  of  Manchester  Grammar  School,  and  then  Professor 
of  Greek  at  Queen's  College,  Belfast. 

1870.  Jan.  29.    William  Chadwick,  Merton.   Fellow. 

Feb.  26.  Henry  James  Sumner  Maine,  LL.D.  Cambridge, 
Hon.  D.C.L.  Oxford,  formerly  Regius  Professor  of  Laws  in  the 
University  of  Cambridge,  and  Legal  Member  of  the  Council 
to  the  Governor  General  of  India.  Corpus  Professor  of  Juris- 
prudence. Elected  Fellow,  Nov.  8,  1873.  Subsequently 
resigned  his  Fellowship  and  Professorship  on  election  to  the 
Mastership  of  Trinity  Hall,  Cambridge.  Elected  Honorary 
Fellow,  Feb.  7,  1882.  K.C.S.I.  Member  of  the  Council  of 
India.  Died  Feb.  5,  1888. 

Mar.  i.  Rev.  Edwin  Palmer,  M.A.,  formerly  Fellow  and 
Tutor  of  Balliol.  Corpus  Professor  of  Latin.  Elected  Fellow, 
Nov.  8,  1873.  Resigned  Professorship  and  Fellowship  on 
appointment  to  the  Archdeaconry  of  Oxford  and  a  Canonry 
in  Ch.  Ch.  Elected  Honorary  Fellow,  Dec.  9,  1878. 

July  5.  Edmund  Robertson,  Lincoln.  Fellow.  M.P.  for 
Dundee,  Professor  of  Common  Law  in  the  Inns  of  Court, 
Civil  Lord  of  the  Admiralty. 

July  5.  Spencer  Cecil  Russell,  Scholar  of  the  College. 
Fellow. 


FELLOWS,  HONORARY  FELLOWS,  ETC.  421 

1871.   Apr.  29.  John  Buskin,  M.A.,  Honorary  Student  of  Ch.  Ch. 

Honorary  Fellow.     Slade  Professor  of  Fine  Art. 
Oct.  14.     Walter  William  Fisher.    Merton.    Fellow.    Ald- 
richian  Demonstrator  of  Chemistry. 

Oct.  28.    Bev.  John  Matthias  Wilson,  B.D.    (pp.  326-7.) 
Dec.  23.    William  Little,  Scholar  of  the  College.     Fellow. 

1873.  June  1 4.    Charles  Plummer,  Scholar  of  the  College.  Fellow. 

Oct.  8.  Henry  Nettleship,  M.A.,  formerly  Scholar  of  the 
College  and  Fellow  of  Lincoln.  Admitted  Actual  Fellow. 
Mr.  Nettleship  was  elected  on  the  condition  of  taking  part  in 
the  tuition  of  the  College.  In  June,  1878,  he  was  elected  to 
the  Corpus  Professorship  of  Latin,  retaining  his  Fellowship. 

Nov.  8.  Henry  John  Stephen  Smith,  M.A.,  F.R.S.  Pro- 
fessor-Fellow, (p.  328.)  Died  Feb.  9,  1883. 

1874.  Oct.  22.    Bev.  Henry  Octavius  Coxe,  M. A., Bodleian  Libra- 

rian and  formerly  Chaplain  of  the  College.    Honorary  Fellow. 
1876.   Mar.  20.  Frederick  Arthur  Clarke,  Exeter.     Fellow. 

May  31.    James  Legge,  Professor   of  Chinese.      Endowed 

with  the  income  of  a  Fellowship,    (p.  328.) 
1882.   Feb.  7.      Shadworth   Hollway   Hodgson,  B.A.,   formerly 

Exhibitioner  of  the  College.     Honorary  Fellow. 


The  following  persons  were  admitted  as  Probationary  or 
Actual  Fellows,  or  as  Honorary  Fellows,  subsequently  to  the 
confirmation  of  the  New  Statutes  by  Her  Majesty  in  Council 
on  May  3,  1882. 

1882.  Jun.  10.    Arthur  Sidgwick,  M.A.,   Tutor   of  the  College, 

formerly  Fellow  of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge.  Admitted 
Official  Fellow,  in  accordance  with  cl.  19  of  the  New  Statutes. 

Oct.  28.  Thomas  Case,  M.A.,  Tutor  of  the  College,  formerly 
Fellow  of  Brasenose  and  Tutor  of  Balliol.  Admitted  Official 
Fellow,  in  accordance  with  cl.  19  of  the  New  Statutes.  Sub- 
sequently Waynflete  Professor  of  Moral  and  Metaphysical 
Philosophy. 

Nov.  i.  Alfred  William  Hunt,  M.A.,  formerly  Fellow  of 
the  College.  Honorary  Fellow. 

1883.  Jan.  31.    Frederick  Pollock  (subsequently  Sir  F.  Pollock, 

Bart.),  M.A.,  formerly  Fellow  of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge, 
was  admitted  Official  Fellow,  having  been  previously  elected 
to  the  Corpus  Christi  Professorship  of  Jurisprudence,  in  ac- 
cordance with  cl.  14  of  the  New  Statutes. 

1886.  Oct.  n.  Henry  Devenish  Leigh,  B.A.,  formerly  Scholar  of 
New  College.  Admitted  Official  Fellow,  having  been  pre- 
viously nominated  by  the  President  and  approved  by  the 
College  as  Assistant  Tutor,  in  accordance  with  cl.  20  of  the 
New  Statutes. 


422  FELLOWS  AND  BURSARS. 

1891.  Oct.  7.  Gilbert  Edmund  Augustine  Grindle,  Scholar  of 
the  College,  and  Arthur  Ernest  Jolliffe,  Scholar  of  Balliol, 
were  elected,  after  examination  (the  former  in  Lit.  Hum., 
the  latter  in  Mathematics),  to  a  year  of  probation,  as  Ordinary 
Fellows. 


The  following  persons  were  elected  as  Bursars,  though  not 
Fellows  of  the  College,  in  accordance  with  the  alteration  of 
the  Statutes  noted  on  pp.  327-8. 

Alfred  Stowe,  M.A.,  Wadham,  elected  Feb.  n,  1873. 
Thomas  Mosley  Crowder,  M.A.,  Wadham,  Nov.  7,  1874. 
Henry  Le  Blanc  Lightfoot,  B.A.,  University,  Nov.  8,  1892. 


CATALOGUS   SACELLANIS 
COLLEGII  CORPORIS  CHRISTI  CONSECRATUS1. 


1517.  Dec.  1 8.    Hen.  Wyllis.  <p. 

382.) 

1521.  Jun.  25.   Joh.  Russell. 
1523.  Dec.  24.  Bic.  Wade. 
Dec.  24.  Bic.  Eston. 
1528.  A.    Travis,    aedi- 

tuus2.  F. 

1531.  Jul.  19.    B-ic.  Campion. 
1538.  Sep.  29.  Edm.  Stopport. 

1542.  Oct.  2.     Gul.  Sparkman. 

1543.  Jul.  28.    Joh.  Hychyns. 
1552.  Aug.  17.  Joh.  Baker. 
1555.  Bead.   JSdituus.  F. 

1559.  Sep.  9.     Geo.  Atkinson. 

1560.  Oct.  12.   Hugo  Lewys. 

Snow.  Sacrista 
(=^Edituus).  F. 

1561.  Mar.  24.  Bolandus  Kelly. 

Bowland.  Sa- 
crista 1561.  Praecentor 
1563.  F. 

Dec.  4.    Gul.  Jones. 
(No  date.         Bowe.      Praecen- 
tor.    F.) 

1563.  Mai.  10.  Geo.  Wreak. 

Edwards.  Prae- 
centor. F. 

Shirburne.  JSdi- 
tuus.    F. 
Dec.  24.  Gul.  Conall. 

1564.  Styll.        Sacrista 
(=JEdituus).     F. 

Here  the  List  in  Hegge's  handwriting  ends.     It  is  resumed  in  a 
different  hand  with  the  name  of  Thomas  Hinton.  1696. 

1  There  is  a  list  of  Chaplains  in  MS.  280  (Coll.  Library),  fol.  232  b,  but  it  con- 
fuses Chaplains  and  Clerks,  and  seems  to  be  much  less  accurate  than  this  one. 
The  names  to  which  F  is  attached  are  additional  names  taken  from  the  Catalogue 
at  the  end  of  vol.  xi  of  the  Fulman  MSS. 

2  One  Chaplain  was  to  be  '  chori  praecentor,'  the  other  '  aedituus  sive  sacrista.' 
Stat.  cap.  1 6. 

3  It  appears  from  the  Register  that  this  Thomas  White  had,  in  1621,  agreed 
provisionally  to  perform  the  duties  of  the  office  for  his  food  and  clothing,  and  a 
payment  of  6s.  Sd.  a  term.      The  money-payment  was   exactly  double  that  of 
Thomas  Newman,  engaged  provisionally  to  act  as  Butler  in  1627. 


1565.  Jul.  28.  Bob.  Ireland. 
Nov.  15.  Geo.  Johnson. 

1566.  Nov.  15.  Tho.  Booth. 
Dec.  1 6.  Nic.  Sympson. 

1567.  Apr.  9.    Merideth  Ham- 

ner. 

1571.  Jan.  10.   Michael.  Savill. 

1572.  Jun.  24.  Franc.  Hyde. 

1573.  Jan.  4.    B-ic.  Turnbull. 
1577.  Mai.  30.  Nic.  Whittall. 
1577.  Dec.  2.     Nic.       Goulds- 

borow. 
1580.  Mar.  15.  Gul.  Cade. 

Jun.  19.  Gul.  Kitchin. 
1586.  Dec.  14.  Hen.  Jacob. 

1589.  /«/.  17.   Bob.  Wolphius. 

1590.  Jul.  20.  Edwd.  Seridge. 
1595.  Jul.  4.      Tho.  Tylley. 
1596. /«/.  13.    Gul.  Small. 
1599./#/.  27.  Bodulphus  Bar- 
low.    Decanus  Wellensis. 

L602.  Dec.  24.  Hen.  Mason. 
1606.  Dec.  i.    Gul.  Porde. 
161O.  Dec.  25.  Joh.  Dewhurst. 

1612.  Mai.  1 5.  Anth.  White. 

1613.  Mar.  8.    Joh.  SeUer. 
1615. /«/.  15.    Tho.      Whittin- 

gam. 
1619.  Mai.  24.  Tho.  Jackson. 

Oct.  8.     Bic.  Anyan. 
1623.  Jul.  1 7.   Tho.  White 3. 


424  CHAPLAINS, 

The  following  intermediate  information  has  been  collected  by 
myself. 

From  the  College  Register  it  appears  that  William  Porter  was 
admitted  March  15,  1632  ;  William  Chidley,  Aug.  6,  1638;  Nich- 
olas Byrche,  May  14, 1639 ;  Henry  Allen,  May  27,  1646.  Edward 
Eales  was  removed  by  the  Parliamentary  Visitors,  Oct.  2,  1648,  and 
restored  in  1660.  {See  Burrows'  Register  of  Parliamentary  Visitors  *.) 

In  the  Buttery  Book  of  1648-9  there  is  no  mention  of  Chaplains 
till  Sep.  28,  1649,  when  John  Hartcliffe  and  Thomas  Danson  are 
entered  as  such. 

In  the  Buttery  Book  of  1649-50  the  Chaplains  are  entered  as 
'  Capellanus  Sen.,'  'Cap.  Jun./  'Ds  Danson'  being  interpolated  from 
Feb.  15,  i6£$,  to  Feb.  22.  Edward  Anthony  is  entered  as  Cap. 
Jun.  on  Aug.  16,  1650.  Ds.  Eyres  or  Eyers  (Joseph)  occurs  in 
the  Buttery  Book  of  1650-1,  and  is  succeeded  by  Ds.  Way,  Feb.  14, 
165-^.  In  the  list  of  Admissions  under  the  Parliamentary  President 
occur — 

Benjamin  Way.     Sacellanus.     No  date. 

Joseph  Allen 2.     Sacellanus.     June  6,  1653. 

Edward  Fowler.  Sacellanus.  Dec.  14,  1653.  (Afterwards  Bp. 
of  Gloucester,  pp.  231,  223.) 

Samuel  Fowler.     Sacrista.     June  28,  1655. 

Samuel  Birch.     Praecentor.     Aug.  i,  1655. 

The  Buttery  Books  are  wanting  from  1659-63  inclusive.  In  1664 
the  Chaplains  are  Mr.  Eales  and  Mr.  Coppock ;  on  Aug.  2,  1667, 
Mr.  Coppock  is  replaced  by  Mr.  Davies  (Richard,  p.  259); 
on  Feb.  16,  i68f,  Mr.  Day  occurs  in  place  of  Mr.  Davies;  and 
in  October,  1683,  Ds.  Martin  in  place  of  Mr.  Eales ;  on  Dec.  25, 
1685,  John  Mayo  in  place  of  Mr.  Martin;  on  March  ir,  i68f, 
Mr.  Ashbu(o)rne  in  place  of  Mr.  Day;  and  on  June  i,  1689, 
Richard  Blakeway  in  place  of  Mr.  Mayo. 

1696.  Jun  6.     Tho.  Hinton.  1720.  Dec.  19.  Joh.  Pococke. 

1698. /#«.  20.  Gul.  Itchener.  1732.  Aug.  16.  Pet.  Sherwin. 

1706. /arc.  8.     Chris.  Sclater.  1751.  Jun.  7.     Joh.  Reiss. 

1707.  Nov.  4.    Franc.  Gregory.  1764.  Dec.  20.  Tho.  Brewer. 

1711.  Dec.  31.  Ric.  Parkes.  Y1Q1.  Jan.  23.  Joh.  Modd3. 

1116.  Jan.  28.   Rob.  Bourne.  1769.  Mar.  2.   Gul.  Stratford. 

Mar.  2 1.  Ric.  Parkes.  1787.  Oct.  13.  Joh.  Gutch4. 

1  It  appears  from  Metford's  second  Letter  to  Joshua  Reynolds,  dated  Oct.  1 7, 
1 704  (MS.  J.  Walker,  c.  8,  fol.  252),  that  '  Allen  resigned  his  Chaplain's  place  in  the 
beginning  of  1648,  and  Edward  Eales  was  advanced  from  Trinity  Coll.  into  his 
place :    so  the  Visitation  ejected  Chidley  and  Eales.      Ch.  died  and  Eales  was 
restored ;  and  one  Coppock  brought  into  Chidley's  place.'     But  Chidley  seems 
ultimately  to  have  conformed.     See  an  order  of  the  Visitors,  June  6,  1649. 

2  Alleine  in  Buttery  Book.  3  See  account  of  him  in  C.  P.  Moritz's  Travels 
in  England  in  1782,  reprinted  by  Cassell,  1886.          *  Registrar  of  the  University; 
Editor  of  Wood's  Hist,  and  Antiq.  of  the  Univ.  of  Oxford  and  of  the  Colleges 
and  Halls. 


CHAPLAINS. 


1792.  Apr.  19.  Moses  Dodd. 
1795.  Oct.  22.  Job.  Graham. 
1813.  Mar.  9.  Hen.  Dimock. 
1826.  May  22.  Chas.  Dyson. 
1832.  fun.  26.  Vaughan  Thomas 

(see  Index). 
1839.  Nov.  i.   Gul.  James. 

1845.  Jan.  4.    Hen.  Oct.  Coxe l. 

1846.  fan.  27.  Hen.      Hubert. 

Cornish 2. 


1850 .  Nov.  1 33.  Wilhel.  Hunter. 
1852.  Dec.  n.  Bob.  Gandell4. 
1875.  May  1 5.  Car.     Plummer. 

Soc. 
1877.  Feb.  10.  Edwinus  Finder 

Barrow. 
1879.  Fred.  Art.  Clarke. 

Soc. 
1883.  Jan.  i.    Carolus        Bigg. 

<p.  414.) 


1  Bodleian  Librarian ;  Hon.  Fellow.  2  Afterwards  Principal  of  New  Inn 

Hall.  3  At  this  point  again  the  List  is  continued  by  myself.  *  Laudian 

Professor  of  Arabic  and  Canon  of  Wells. 


CLERKS,  CHORISTERS,  AND  EXHIBITIONERS. 


CLERKS1. 


Bob.   Savage.    Subsacr.    Jul.  2, 

1524.    R2. 

Hechyns.    1526.   F. 
Gul.  More.   Cler.    May  i,  1534. 

R. 
Joh.  Barons.    Pulsator  Organ- 

orum.     Sep.  29,  1538.    R. 
Joh.  Shaw.     Subsacr.     Apr.  20, 

1544.  R. 

Tho.  Bradshaw.    Cler.    Dec.  5, 

1545.  R. 

Tho.  Collyns.  Aug.  12,1547.  R. 

Lyde.    1548.   F. 

Davison.    1552.   F. 

Baylie3.    1552. 

Fisher.    1552. 

HaU.    1552. 

Leonard.    1555. 

Tho.  Porter.    1555. 

Evans.    1563. 

Lightef oote.    1563. 

Leonard    Fitzsymons.      Puls. 

Org.    Nov.  6,  1556.    R. 
Joh.  Redinge.  Puls.  Org.  Jan.  3, 

1558.     R. 

Rowswell.    1558.    F. 
Dorsett.    1560.   F. 


Tho.  Chaffe.   Feb.  25,  1560.    R. 
Tho.    Mulliner.        Mod.    Org. 

Mar.  3,  1563.    R. 
Joh.  Chambers.    Subsacr.    Sep. 

14,  1566.    R. 
Samuell.    1566.   F. 

Ben.  Pullen.    Subsacr.   Feb.  26, 

1579.  R- 
Wm.  Brownsmith.  Subsacr. 

Jun.  23,  1580.   F. 
Wm.    Churchman.        Subsacr. 

Jun.  i,  1581.    R. 
Tho.    Cole.     Subsacr.     Nov.  9, 

1583.  R. 
Ric.  Smith.  Subsacr.  Jun.  22, 

1586.  R. 
Edwd.  Seridge.  Subsacr.  Dec. 

15,  1586.    R. 

Tho.  Barbar.    Subsacr.   Jun.n, 

1588.  F. 
Ralph  Agas.  Subsacr.  Sep.  4, 

1588.  F. 
Wm.  Norton.  Subsacr.  Oct.  17, 

1593-  F. 
Joh.  Sonibank.  Subsacr.  R. 

1593-  F. 
Tho.Tilley.  Subsacr.  R.  1593^. 


1  The  'Clerici'  are  styled  in  the  Statutes,  in   common  with  the  Chaplains, 
'  Ministri  Sacelli,'  but  distinguished  from  them  as  '  accoliti  aut  saltern  prima  ton- 
sura  initiati,  quorum  alter  erit  organorum  pulsator  alter  vero  erit  subsacrista.' 

2  When  a  name  is  taken  from  the  College  Register,  it  is  marked  R ;  when  it  does 
not  occur  in  the  Register,  but  is  found  in  the  Alphabetical  List  at  the  end  of  vol. 
xi  of  the  Fulman  MSS.,  it  is  marked  F ;  when  it  comes  from  neither  of  these 
sources,  but  from  the  Buttery  Books,  it  is  marked  B.     The  few  additional  names 
here  or  elsewhere  which  are  taken  from  the  list,  ascribed  to  Henry  Allen,  in  the 
Twyne  Collectanea  (MS.  280  in  the  College  Library,  ff.  232  b  and  233  a),  are  marked 
A.     This  list  must  have  been  drawn  up  about  1608. 

3  These  names,  from   Baylie  to  Lightefoote,  both  inclusive,  all  occur  in  the 
Alphabetical  List  at  the  end  of  the  Fulman  MSS.,  vol.  xi,  with  the  letters  M  S 
attached  to  them.     If '  M  S '  means  '  Minister  Sacelli,'  they  must  have  been  Clerks, 
as  they  do  not  occur  in  Hegge's  Catalogue  of  Chaplains.     But  M  S  may  denote 
some  inferior  office,  such  as  Ministri  Servientes,  in  which  case  they  would  be 
Servitors.     None  of  these  names  occur  in  Allen's  list,  except  that  of  Evans  among 
the  Choristers,  and  this  name  is  not  sufficiently  distinctive  to  admit  of  identification. 


CLERKS. 


427 


Joh.  Barksdal.    Subsacr.   Jul.  4, 

1595.    R. 
Art.  Jackson.    Subsacr.   Mar.  5, 

1595.    R. 
Sam.  Turner.  Subsacr.  Jun.  16, 

1600.    R. 

Chas.  Cheriton.  Dec.  1 1, 1600.  R. 
Hen.  Jackson.  Feb.  5, 1600.  R. 
Wm.  Holte.   Dec.  i,  1602.   R. 
Tho.  White.   Jul.  10,  1604.   R. 
Wm.  Couchman.   May  24, 1605. 

R. 

Joh.  Chennell.  Mar.  21, 1606.  R. 
Joh.  Seller.   Jan.  14,  1608.    R. 
Tho.  Norwood.  Dec.  8, 1610.  R. 
Chris.  Bachelor.   Mar.  19,1612 

R. 

Bic.  Wixsted.  Jun.  3,  1615.  R. 
Jas.  Taylour.  Jun.  7,1615.  R. 
Barth.  Man.  May  2,  1617.  R. 
Nic.  Simpson.  Dec.  20, 1617.  R. 
Bic.  Vaughan.  Jul.  5,  1621.  R. 
Edm.  Vaughan.  Mar.  15, 1622. 

R. 


Joh.  Bramond  (or  Beamond). 

Nov.  TO,  1624.    R. 
Franc.  Simpson.    Aug.  7,  1627. 

R. 

Tho.  Watt.  Sep.  19,  1631.  R. 
Joh.  Gookin.  Dec.  7,  1631.  R. 
Joh.  Fountayne.  Mar.  19,1632. 

R. 

Joh.  Sympson.  0^.28,1633.  R. 
Joh.  Evelegh.    Aug.  i  (?  1634). 

R. 
Laurence    Jackson.      Jun.   9, 

1635-   R- 

Geo.  Bayly.   Jul.  16, 1639.    R. 
Sam.  Elyott.   Jan.  17,  1639.   R- 
Bic.  Benson.  Dec.  19, 1640.  R. 
Tho.  Holloway.  Jul.  29, 1647.  R- 
Bob.  Dodd.   May  i,  1654.   R. 
Bic.Manninge.  Nov.  13, 1655.  R- 
Sam.  Marner.  Dec.  26,1655.  R. 
Wm.  Bruce.    Jun.  14, 1657.  R. 
Nathaniel  Cuffley.  Oct.  3, 1657. 

R. 
Jas.  Hellyer.   Mar.  12,  1658.  R. 


The  following  names  are  all  taken  from  the  Buttery  Books,  the 
earliest  of  which  is  that  for  1648-9. 

Under  the  first  week  in  this  Book,  beginning  Oct.  27,  1648,  the 
names  of  the  Clerks  are  Hartcliffe  and  Lane.  Then  occur  Charles 
Blackwell,  Sep.  28, 1649  ;  Paris,  Oct.  4,  1650 ;  Fowler  (Edward, 
afterwards  Bishop  of  Gloucester),  Oct.  18,  1650;  James  Gardiner, 
Oct.  31,  1651 ;  Samuel  Jemmat.  Dec.  16, 1653  ;  then  Dodd,  Man- 
ninge,  Marner,  Bruce,  Cuffley,  Hellyer,  as  already  given  above. 

The  Buttery  Books  for  1659-60  down  to  1663-4  are  all  wanting. 
In  October,  1664,  the  Clerks  are  Haslewood  and  Newlin;  on  Jan. 
28,  i66f,  they  are  Newlin  and  Newlin;  on  March  20,  i66|,  they 
are  Newlin  and  Day. 

The  Buttery  Books  for  1669-70  and  1670-1  are  wanting.  On 
Oct.  27,  1671,  the  Clerks  are  Day  and  Newlin.  The  Buttery  Book 
for  1673-4  is  wanting.  In  October,  1674,  the  Clerks  are  Newlin 
and  Newlin.  The  Book  for  1675-6  is  wanting.  In  Oct.,  1676,  the 
Clerks  are  Newlin  and  Mayo. 

From  this  point  we  may  give  a  continuous  Catalogue,  as  follows : — 


Joh.  Paris.    Jan.  10,  1680. 
Jas.  Newlin.    Dec.  25,  1685. 
Bic.  Pocock.   Jan.  i,  1685. 


Hen.  Stephens.   Dec.  4,  1688. 
Joh.  Sone.    Feb.  6,  1690. 
Geo.  Fletcher.   Jul.  6,  1693. 


428 


CLERKS. 


Wm.  Itchener.  Nov.  21,  1693. 
Dan.  Pratt.   Aug.  5,  1698. 
Tho.  Newcomb.   Jul.  4,  1700. 
Joh.  Plaxton.    Sep.  5,  1702. 
Tho.  Lewis1.    Oct.,  1704. 
Joh.  KLngsman.   May  28,  1706. 
Hen.  Hill.    Sep.  22,  1707. 
Edwd.  Home.   Jun.  n,  1709. 
Hen.  Frinsham.   Apr.  13,  1711. 
Wm.  Binsted.   Jul.  19,  1712. 
Joh.  Martin.   Nov.  14,  1713. 
Edwd.  Hinde.    Sep.  27,  1714. 
Hen.  Bruges.   Oct.  4,  1714. 
Tho.  Jenkins.   Jan.  n,  1716. 
Joh.  Milsum.   Mar.  i,  1716. 
Joh.  Wall.   Feb.  22,  1719. 
Ric.  Pococke  (p.  282).    Feb.  3, 

1721. 

Wm.  Woodford.   Jun.  2,  1722. 
Hen.  Gabell.    May  29,  1725. 
Rob.  Westcott.    May  14,  1726. 
Edwd.  Ford.   Dec.  2,  1729. 
Chris.  Hoskins.   Jan.  29,  1729. 
Chris.  Sclater.   Jul.  27,  1731. 
Joh.  Geree.   Apr.  16,  1736. 
*  Vaganus '  Griffith.  Ap.  16,1736. 
Wm.  Wagstaffe.    Mar.  5,  1736. 
Joh.  Russ.    Oct.  24,  1740. 
Joh.  Woods.    Nov.  8,  1740. 
Tho.  Drake.   Apr.  13,  1741. 
Wm.  Spry.   Jan.  23,  1744. 
Chas.  Reeks.   Mar.  27,  1745. 


Geo.  Watkins.    May  4,  1745. 
Joh.  Wills.   Nov.  19,  1747. 
Jas.  Lewis.   May  26,  1748. 
Ben.  Milward.   Oct.  16,  1751. 
Edwd.  Wilson.    Apr.  25,  1752. 
Rob.  Houlton.   Jul.  24,  1755. 
Sam.  Payne.    May  3,  1757. 
Sam.  Lewis.   Oct.  5,  1757. 
Edwd.  Andrews.  Dec.  15, 1758. 
Chas.  Hobbs.   Nov.  26,  1759. 
Chas.  Lockey.    May  5,  1761. 
Wm.  Stratford.   Jul.  16,  1763. 
Mattison    Harrison.     Mar.    i, 

1765. 

Wm.  Gyllett.   Dec.  16,  1768. 
Jas.  Lewis.   Dec.  16,  1768. 
Joh.  Chapman.   Feb.  6,  1769. 
Wm.  Topham.   Dec.  13,  1769. 
Tho.  Gyllett.   Jun.  5,  1770. 
Joh.  Williamson.   Mar.  9,  1773. 
Wm.  Miles.    Oct.  13,  1773. 
Hen.  Richman.  Dec.  i,  1775. 
Ric.    Laurence    (pp.    291-2). 

Jul.  14,  1778. 

Ric.  Dixon.   Feb.  5,  1779. 
Wm.  Harrison.    Dec.  14,  1781. 
Ric.  Runwa  Jenkins.   Nov.  29, 

I783- 

Moses  Dodd.   Oct.  17,  1786. 
Geo.  Richards.    Jan.  14,  1788. 
Joh.Wm.Bourke.   Dec.  7, 1789. 
Wm.  Marshall2.  Jun.  3,  1791. 


%*  There  is  an  entry  in  the  Acta  &c.,  under  Feb.  21,  1792,  that 
the  Choristers  (and,  therefore,  presumably  the  Clerks) '  are  now  termed 
Exhibitioners.'  Beginning,  therefore,  with  1792,  I  have  grouped 
together,  under  the  name  of  Exhibitioners,  both  these  classes  of  Stu- 
dents, though  they  were  formally  entered  in  the  Buttery  Books  under 
the  old  names  as  late  as  1854. 

1  The  Buttery  Book  for  1 703-4  is  lost.  In  Oct.,  1 704,  occurs '  Lewis '  {Thomas) 
in  place  of  Newcomb.  a  Fellow  of  Balliol. 


CHORISTERS. 


429 


CHORISTERS '. 


1503.   Tho.  White.   R. 
1595.   Ric.  Evans.   F. 

1597.  Leonard  Smith.    R. 

1598.  Nic.  Evans.    R. 
16O1.    Pet.  Turner.   F. 

1604.  Franc.  Garbrand.   F. 

1605.  "Wm.  Jackson.    F. 
Tobias   Giles,   probably  before 

1609.   A. 

Tho.  Gosteloe  <  Gostelow,  Disc. 
1612).   A. 

1611.  Tho.  White.    R. 

1612.  Edw.  Holland.   F. 

1619.  Ric.  Vaughan.    R. 

1620.  Tho.  Pryth.   R. 

1621.  Edm.  Vaughan.    R. 
<?1624.)   Tho.  Disney.    R. 
1627.   Anth.  Nicklis.   R. 
1627.   Tho.  Samon.    R. 
1641.   Rob.  Pocock.   R. 


1548.    Gyll.   F. 

Atkins.    F. 
1552.   Roach.    F. 

Sotherne.   F. 
1555.    Chafle.    F. 
1558.    Gought.    F. 

Maunder.   F. 

Waglye.   F. 

1562.  Etherige.   F. 

1563.  Dorsett.   F. 

1564.  Wm.  Man.   F. 
Samuell.   F. 

1566.  Clerke.   F. 

1567.  Bryan.   F. 
1577.   Ant.  Wilson.   F. 

Whiting.    F. 
1580.   Gab.  Merry.   F. 

(Wm.)  Webb.   F. 
1583.    (Giles)  Bamfield.   F. 
1592.   Tho.  TyUey.   F. 

Tho.  Haberley.   R. 

Nathaniel  Vincent  was  appointed  by  the  Parliamentary  Visitors, 
Sep.  21,  1648.  Home,  Chorister,  and  Richard  Lawrence  were  ex- 
pelled by  the  Parliamentary  Visitors,  Oct.  2,  1648  (see  Burrows'  Regis- 
ter). In  the  earliest  Buttery  Book,  namely,  that  for  1648-9,  the 
Choristers  are  Lawrence  and  Paris.  In  1650  Lawrence  is  suc- 
ceeded by  William  Bruce.  On  Oct.  4,  1650,  Paris  was  made 
Clerk  and  succeeded  by  John  Francklin,  who  was  succeeded  by 
Vincent,  for  whose  appointment  see  above.  Then  we  have  Nathaniel 
Vincent,  July  9,  1653.  B.  (This  must,  I  think,  be  a  different 
Nathaniel  Vincent  from  the  one  given  above)  ;  James  Hellyer  or 
Hollyar,  March  8,  1655,  R  and  B ;  Nathaniel  Cuffley,  June  24, 
1657,  R  and  B;  Thomas  Fulkes,  Oct.  3,  1657,  R  and  B;  Henry 
Berrow,  March  n,  1658,  R  and  B. 

The  remaining  names  are  recovered  exclusively  from  the  Buttery 
Books.  The  Buttery  Books  from  1659-60  down  to  1663-4  are  all 
wanting.  In  Oct.,  1664,  the  Choristers  are  Berrow  and  Newlin ; 
on  March  8,  1666,  S.  Day  and  R.  Newlin;  on  April  10,  1668, 
Newlin  and  Gounter.  The  Buttery  Books  for  1669, 1670  are  wanting. 
On  Oct.  27,  1671,  the  Choristers  are  Gounter  and  Bremer.  Thomas 
Newlin  was  admitted  Feb.  22,  1671.  The  Buttery  Book  for  1675 


1  At  first,  probably,  the  Choristers  were  seldom  matriculated.     In  process  of  time 
their  functions  as  Choristers  ceased  and  they  became  simply  ordinary  students. 


43° 


CHORISTERS. 


is  wanting.     In  Oct.,  1676,  the  Choristers  are  Newlin  and  Beeseley. 
John  Paris  was  admitted  June  i,  1678. 

From  this  point  we  may  give  a  continuous  Catalogue,  as  follows : — 


1685.   Chas.  Manwaring  Full- 
man. 
Joh.  Newlin. 

1687.  Wm.  Manwaring  Full- 

man. 

1688.  Philip  Pocock. 
1693.   Joh.  Ball. 
1895.   Joh.  Newlin. 

1698.  Gilb.  Tillyard. 
Newlin  Denham  Castle. 

1699.  Tho.  Newcomb. 

1700.  Nic.  Adams. 
Chris.  Sclater. 

1703.   Frampton  Huntington. 
1706.   Roger  Farbrother. 

1708.  Nathanael  Sturges. 

1709.  Jas.  Martin. 
1711.          -  Edwards  '. 

1715.  Joh.  Pocock. 

1716.  Tho.  Jenkins. 
1720.    Joh.  Wigmore. 

Joh.  Jackson. 

1723.  Geo.  Osborne. 

1724.  Edwd.Bentham(p.282). 
1726.   Bob.  Browne. 

1729.   Jos.  Bingham. 

1732.  Tho.  Randal(l). 

1733.  Chas.  Wither. 

1736.  Pet.  Smith. 

1737.  Joh.  Woods. 
1740.  Edm.  Warneford. 


1740.  Ben.  Culme. 

1741.  Ant.  Frinsham. 

1742.  Ric.  Bird. 

1745.  Davys  Colmer. 
Walter  Cotton. 

1746.  Sam.  Berjew. 
1748.   Joh.  Ridout. 
1751.    Tho.  Jenkins. 

Tho.  Milward,  mat.  Ap.  1 4, 1 7  532. 

1756.  Joh. Derby  ( or Darbey). 

1757.  Tho.  Goddard. 
1760.    Wm.  Payne. 

1762.  Joh.  Buckland. 
Joh.  Modd. 

1763.  Joh.  Litchfleld. 

1767.  Wm.  Jenkins. 

1768.  Joh.  Chapman. 

1769.  Jas.  Lewis. 

1770.  Wm.  Gyllett. 

1771.  Joh.  Frowd. 

1772.  Chas.  Richards. 
1775.    Joh.  Prince. 
1777.   Joh.  Williams. 
1779.   Joh.  Hopkins. 
1781.    Joh.  Flamank. 
1783.   Hen.  Kingsman. 
1785.    Ozias  Thurstan  Linley. 
1787.    Tho.  Eglin. 

1789.  Sam.  How. 

1790.  Chas.  Moore. 

1791.  Ric.  Carrow. 


1  Probably  Edward  Edwards,  who  matriculated  March  19,  171$,  If  not,  Wm. 
Edwards,  who  matriculated  Nov.  9,  1709. 

3  The  Buttery  Book  for  1752-3  is  missing,  but  all  the  names  in  the  University 
Matriculation  Books  of  that  period,  connected  with  Corpus,  can  be  accounted  for. 
In  the  College  Buttery  Book,  beginning  Oct.,  1753,  Milward  appears  in  place  of 
Ridout. 


EXHIBITIONERS. 


43 1 


EXHIBITIONERS  '. 


1792.  Jeremiah  Smith.  1814. 

1793.  Ric.  Lewis.  1816. 

1794.  Chas.  Kemeys  Watkins.      1817. 

1795.  Joh.  Crosse. 
Win.  Marshall. 
Rob.  Gatehouse. 
Joh.  Penrose. 

1796.  Wm.  Baldwyn.  1818. 

1799.  Jas.  Venables. 
Wm.Tugwell  Williams.      1820. 
Aaron  Webb  Baker. 

Jas.  Best.  1821. 

1800.  Joh.  Selwyn. 

Joh.  Graves.  1822. 

1801.  Tho.  Pearce.  1823. 

1803.  Edwd.  Andr.  Daubeny.      1824. 
Matt.  Arnold  2.  1825. 

1804.  3Jas.  Moore.  1826. 
3  Wm.  James  4.  1827. 
Tho.  Lewin.  1828. 

1805.  Joh.  Jas.  Colley.  1829. 

1807.  Fred.  Wm.  Miller.  1830. 

1808.  Noel  Tho.  Ellison   <p.      1831. 

410).  1832. 

Ric.  Jones. 

1809.  Wm.  Salter.  1833. 
Joh.   Bartholomew    (p. 

304).  1834. 

1811.  Tho.  Penrose.  1835. 

1812.  Hen.  Allen. 
Joh.  Stockdale 5. 

Chas.  Medhurst.  1836. 

1813.  Hen.  Dimock.  1837. 
Rob.  Salkeld. 


Chas.  Eckersall. 
Chas.  Nutt. 
Jas.  Hardwicke  Dyer. 
Franc.  Lipscomb. 
Ric.  Hen.  Mostyn  Price 

(or  Pryce). 
Chas.  Joh.  Cornish. 
Edwd.  Coleridge  6. 
Ric.  Messiter. 
Joh.  Kerr  Bourke. 
Algernon  Grenfell. 
Phil.  Jacob  7. 
Hub.  Kestell  Cornish. 
Wm.  Jas.  Copleston 8. 
Geo.  Burton  Hamilton. 
Ric.  Jervis  Statham. 
Jeremiah  Dyson. 
Hen.  Craddock  No  well. 
Edwd.  Otto  Trevelyan. 
Joh.  Douglass  Giles9. 
Bryan  Faussett. 
Joh.  Tahourdin  White. 
Hen.  Walford  Bellairs. 
Rob.      Faithfull     Fan- 

shawe. 

Godfrey  Faussett 10. 
Horace  Faithfull  Gray. 
Edwd.  Shaw  Mount. 
Wm.  Darnell. 
Joh.  Yarker. 
Hugh  Hamon  Massie. 
Hen.  Jas.  Marshall. 
Philip  Antoine  de  Teis- 

sier  n. 


1  The  Clerks  and  Choristers  had  already  come  to  be  called  by  this  name  in  1792 
(see  p.  428),  having  probably  long  before  that  time  ceased  to  perform  their  special 
functions,  and  having  become  assimilated  to  ordinary  students.     The  list  is  here 
continued  down  to  1854,  the  year  before  the  old  Statutes  were  finally  abolished. 
In  the  New  Statutes  Exhibitioners  were  introduced  eo  nomine. 

2  Elder  brother  of  Thomas  Arnold.  3  The  Buttery  Book  for  1803-4  is 
missing,  but,  from  the  Acta  &c.,  it  appears  that  these  two  names  were  admitted  at 
the  times  stated.                   4  Afterwards  Fellow  of  Exeter.  s  Afterwards  a 
Gentleman-Commoner.               6  Second  Master  of  Eton  {p.  304).  7  Canon 
and  Archdeacon  of  Winchester  (p.  304).                  8  Fellow  of  Oriel,  &c.  (p.  304). 
See  Foster,  Al.  Ox.                9  Archdeacon  of  Stow.                10  Fellow  of  Magdalen. 
11  3rd  Baron  de  Teissier.     Founder  of  the  De  Teissier  Exhibition. 


432 


EXHIBITIONERS, 


1838.  Rob.  Cholmeley1. 

1839.  Wm.  Tho.  Bridges. 

1840.  Job.  Rigaud2. 
Matt.  Buckland. 
Joh.  Rob.  Davison. 

1841.  Wm.  Wilson. 

1843.  Rob.  Kestell  Cornish s. 

1844.  Wm.  Hay  Cooke. 
Herbert  Phillott. 
Hen.  Eastfleld  Bayly. 

1846.   Wm.  Rob.  Haverfleld. 


1847.  Ric.  Hen.  Price. 

1848.  Phil.  Menzies  Sankey. 
Wm.  Tho.  Norris. 

1849.  Tho.HeathcoteTragett. 

1850.  Shadworth     Hollway 

Hodgson 4. 

1851.  Chas.  Joh.  Cornish. 

1852.  Joh.  Reynolds  O'Neil. 
Wm.  Carr  Sidgwick 5. 

1854.    Chas.  Tho.  Arnold. 


%*  In  the  New  Statutes,  sealed  on  Oct.  9,  1855,  there  is  no  men- 
tion of  Clerks  or  Choristers,  but  they  are  replaced  by  four  Exhibitioners 
eo  nomine,  thus  confirming  the  designation  which,  as  we  have  seen,  had 
now  for  some  time  prevailed.  By  a  subsequent  Statute  (approved  by 
the  Visitor  in  1862)  these  four  Exhibitioners  were  converted  into 
Scholars.  The  following  is  a  list  of  Exhibitioners  elected  during  the 
interval : — 


1856.  Franc.  Bedwell. 
Art.  Carr6. 

1857.  Hen.  Geo.  Madan 7. 


1857.   Hen.  Alex.  Giffard8. 

1860.  KyrleMitfordChatfleld9. 

1861.  Hen.  Geo.  Woods 10. 


Though  these  four  Exhibitions  were  merged  among  the  Scholar- 
ships from  1862  onwards,  the  College,  both  before  and  after  this  time, 
occasionally  awarded  Exhibitions  to  its  Commoners  or  to  Candidates 
who  acquitted  themselves  well  in  the  Scholarship  Examinations.  The 
following  is  a  list  of  Exhibitioners  so  elected  from  1857  down  to  the 
present  time  u  : —  . 


1857.    Wm.  Chris.  Evans. 
Chas.  Wm.  Penny. 

1859.  Lewis  Pugh  Evans12. 
Joh.  Jas.  Coxhead. 

1860.  Joh.  Wm.  Colvin. 
Osborn  Bubb. 
Alf.  Tho.  Barton I3. 

1861.  Herb.  Augus.  Strong14. 


1861.    Wm.     Albert     Darent 

Harrison. 
1868. 15Wm.  Hawks  Longridge. 

1869.  Geo.  Bowyer  Vaux. 

1870.  Franc.  Reynolds  Yonge 

Radcliffe 16. 
Chas.  Hen.  Lomax. 
Nevil  Masterman. 


I  Fellow  of  Magdalen.         2  Fellow  of  Magdalen.          3  Bishop  of  Madagascar. 
4  Honorary  Fellow.          5  Fellow  of  Merton.          6  Fellow  of  Oriel.          7  Fellow 
of  Queen's.  *  Senior  Student  of  Ch.  Ch.     Q.C.  9  Director  of  Public 
Instruction,  Bombay.             10  Fellow,  afterwards  President,  of  Trinity. 

II  After  the  recent  Statutes  of  1882  came  into  operation,  the  College  began,  in 
accordance  with  their  provisions,  to  advertise  one  or  more  Exhibitions  to  be  filled 
up  at  the  same  time  with  the  Scholarships,  and  from  October,  1883,  onwards 
Exhibitioners  so  elected  predominate. 

12  Formerly  M.P.  for  Cardiganshire.     Now  L.  P.  Pugh.  1S  Fellow  of  Pem- 

broke. H  Professor  of  Latin,  University  College,  Liverpool.  15  A  con- 

siderable interval  seems  to  have  elapsed,  during  which  no  Exhibitioners  were 
elected.  lc  Fellow  of  All  Souls. 


EXHIBITIONERS. 


433 


1871.    Dan.  Vawdrey. 
Phil.  Williams.    Cal.  1873 '. 
Harold   Baird   Carlyon.     Cal. 

1874- 
Art.  Caynton  Radcliffe.    Cal. 

1874. 

Art.  Wm.Bivington.  Cal.  1874. 
Dunbar      Plunket      Barton 2. 

Cal.  1874. 

Wm.  Daniell.   Cal.  1874. 
Tho.  Thistle3.   Cal.  1874. 
Joh.Wm. Barry, B.A.  Cal.  1875. 
Rob.  Harry  Monro  Elwes,  ad- 
mitted January,  1875. 
Hen.  Campbell  Jenkins.    Cal. 

1876. 
Stanley  Edwd.   Lane    Poole. 

Cal.  1876. 

Beg.  Chas.  Lott.    Cal.  1877. 
Hugh  Edwd.  Egerton.  Cal.  1877. 
Art.  Antony  Macdonell4.    Cal. 

1877. 

Sidney  Smith.   Cal.  1878. 
Sydney  Haldane  Olivier.   Cal. 

1879. 
Joh.  Kirkpatrick  Young.    Cal. 

1879. 

Chas.  Jas.  Billson.    Cal.  1879. 
Chas.    Hen.    Malcolm    Kerr. 

Cal.  1879. 

Geo.  Anth.  King.    Cal.  1879. 
Prank  Ernest  Ward.  Cal.  1 880. 
Art.  Newton  Streatfleld.    Cal. 

1880. 
Wm.    Hen.   Edwd.   Worship. 

Cal.  1880. 

Chas.  Herb.  Tylee.   Cal.  1881. 
Art.  Adams.    Cal.  1881. 
Joh.  Hen.  Roskill.   Cal.  1881. 


Reginald  Saumarez  de  Havil- 

land.   Cal.  1881. 
Edwd.  Franklin  Simpkinson. 

Cal.  1882. 
Ernest    Campbell    Lowndes. 

Cal.  1882. 

Tho.  Wm.  Carr.    Cal.  1882. 
Tho.   Hen.     Littlewood.     Cal. 

1882. 

Alex.  Macdonald.    Cal.  1883. 
Geo.     Williamson     Wallace. 

Cal.  1883. 

Percy  Robinson.    Cal.  1883. 
1883.   Ben.  Michael  Connal. 
Edwd.    Norman    Gar- 
diner. 

Geo.  Hen.  Baker.   Cal.  1885. 
Edwd.    Stanhope    Rashleigh. 

Cal.  1886. 

1885.  Gilb.  Luxmoore  Evans. 
Pet.  Bertie  Mellish. 

1886.  Joh.  Mere  Latham. 

1887.  Art.  Joh.  Fowler. 
Leon.  Hamilton  White 

1888.  Hen.  Nelson  Wright. 
Joh.  Young  Evans. 

1889.  Prideaux  Selby  John- 

ston. 
Hen.  Coker  Smith. 

1890.  Rob.  Leslie  Dunbabin. 
Jas.  Art.  Wm.  Bell. 
Ernest  Bennett  Sinclair 

Shepherd. 

1891.  Gilb^Joh.  Tindall. 
Wm.  Sanger. 

Jas.  Reginald  Lea  Ran- 
kin  (Honorary). 

1892.  Wm.Joh.Hen.Brodrick. 
Julian  Cornes. 


1  The  dates  of  appointment  of  many  of  these  Exhibitioners  can  now  only  be 
gathered  from  the  Calendars.  2  Q.C.,  M.P.  for  Mid-Armagh.  3  Head 

Master  of  Hereford  Grammar  School.  *  Deputy  Professor  of  Sanscrit. 


Ff 


LIST  OF  EARLY  COMMONERS  OR 
'  GENTLEMEN-COMMONERS; 

Extracted  from  the  Fulman  MSS.,  Vol.  XI,  and  the  older 
Buttery  Books. 

As  the  College  Registers  take  no  cognisance  of  any  persons  not 
on  the  Foundation,  the  only  official  authority  for  the  names  of  the 
Commoners,  or,  as  they  were  subsequently  called,  Gentlemen-Com- 
moners, are  the  Buttery  Books  and  the  'Acts  and  Proceedings' 
which,  till  quite  recently,  were  kept  by  the  Presidents.  But  the 
latter  series  does  not  begin  till  I7481,  and  there  are  none  of  the 
old  Buttery  Books  now  extant  which  go  back  beyond  the  academical 
year  1648-9.  In  vol.  xi  of  the  Fulman  MSS.,  however,  there  is  an 
Index  of  names  of  former  members  of  the  College,  including,  it 
would  appear,  all  which  could  be  recovered  down  to  about  the  year 
1620,  there  being  a  few  occasional  entries  after  this  period.  Amongst 
these  names  are  those  of  some  of  the  Commoners,  though,  as  compared 
with  the  entire  number  of  this  class  of  students  down  to  that  time,  the 
list  must  be  very  small.  It  is  probably  made  up  from  such  Buttery 
Books  as  were  extant  when  the  list  was  compiled.  The  writing  is  in 
different  hands,  though  the  latest  additions  and  corrections  seem  to  be 
by  Fulman. 

I  have  attempted,  in  each  case,  to  identify  the  names,  by  comparison 
with  Foster's  Alumni  Oxonienses,  Earlier  Series,  and  the  Lists  of 
Matriculations  and  Degrees  given  in  Mr.  A.  Clark's  Register  (Oxf. 
Hist.  Soc.).  Where  they  cannot  be  identified,  they  are  marked  n.  i. ; 
where  no  date  is  given,  n.  d. 

Bic.  Stiles,   n.  i.   n.  d.  Tho.  Knowles.  1577.  B.A.  158^. 

Bob.  Moulton.   n.  i.   n.  d.  Chas.Stainings.  1577.6^.15!^. 

Harrington,   n.  d.  (?  Franc.  H.,      Geo.  Sampole.   Line.    1578  2. 

B.A.,  1581.)  Sam.  Sands.    1580.   n.  i. 

P.  Heaton.  1571  (or  ?  1591).  n.  i.      Ferdinand©  Kingsmell.     n.  d. 
Job.  Foster.    1577.   n.  i.  ?  matr.  1581. 

Jackson.    1577.   n.  i.  Wm.Norton.   1582.  ?B.A.  1593. 

Wm.  Boyer.    1577.   n.  i.  Chas.  Norton.    1585.   n.  i. 

Joh.  Barnes.    1578.   n.  i.  Dan.  Norton.    1585.   n.  i. 

Bob.  Kingsmell.    1579.   n.  i.          Edwin  Sands.    1585.   n.  i.3 

1  In  the  book,  however,  beginning  with  Dr.  Cooke's  Presidency  in  1 783,  there  is  a 
list  of  Gentlemen-Commoners,  in  one  or  two  places  incomplete,  from  1700  to  1815. 

2  Cannot  be  identified  with  any  entry  either  in  F  or  C,  but,  in  all  probability, 
the  same  as  the  Sir  George  St.  Paul,  Bart.,  who  devised  lands  at  Lissington,  Lines., 
to  the  College.     See  A.  Wood,  Colleges  and  Halls,  under  C.  C.  C- 

3  In  Fulman 's  handwriting :  '  Qu.  whether  the  same  that  had  been  Fellow.'     If 
the  Edwin  Sandys,  entered  as  a  commoner  in  1585,  was  really  the  same  that  had 
previously  been  Fellow,  he  may  have  had  his  name  on  the  books  in  the  capacity 
of  what  is  now  called  an  independent  Master  of  Arts.     Cp.  pp.  275-6.     But  it  is 
much  more  probable,  I  think,  that  he  was  only  batteling  temporarily. 


GENTLEMEN-COMMONERS.  435 

Rouse  Stratford.     1585.    mat.  Chr.  Browne.    1590.  mat.  1589. 

1586.  Rob.  Rossiter.  Line.  1589.  n.i. 

Franc.  Vincent.    1585.    ?  mat.  Wm.  Drew.    1589.   n.  i. 

1582.    (Aft.  Sir  F.  V.,  Bart.)  Fr.  Eaton.    1589.   n.i. 

Rob.  Young.    1585.   mat.  1586.  Geo.  Williams.     Lines.     1589. 
Wm.  Cole.    1586.    n.i.  mat.  1586 l. 

Smith.    1586.    (?  Tho.  Smythe.  Geo.  Sands.    1589 2. 

mat.  1586.)  Hen.  Sands.    1589*- 

Ric.  Culme.    1586.   ?  mat.  i58f.  Joh.  Marston.    1590 3. 

Chas.  Eure.    1586.   n.i.  FelixBrowne.  1591.  mat. 159!- 

Wm.  Foxe.    1587.   n.  i.  Joh.  Fitz-james.     1591-     mat. 
Edwd.  Goddard.     1589.     mat.          i59i- 

158$.  Leueston  Fitz-james.    1591*. 

Rob. Browne.   1589.  mat.  1589.  Gardener5. 

1  The  difference  of  date,  here  and  in  some  other  places,  between  the  Fulman. 
MS.  and  Mr.  Clark's  Register,  may  be  due  to  the  loss  of  old  Buttery  Books,  and 
to  the  date  in  the  Fulman  MS.  being  that  of  the  first  Buttery  Book  then  extant  in 
which  the  name  occurs. 

2  There  can  be  no  doubt,  as,  indeed,  is  stated  by  Fulman  in  a  marginal  note  to 
the  Index,  that  these  names  are  identical  with  those  of  the  G.  S.  and  H.  S.,  matri- 
culated at  St.  Mary  Hall  on  Dec.  5,  1589:  Henry  as  London,  archiepisc.  f.  16; 
George  as  York,  arch.  f.  1 1.   They  were  both  younger  brothers  of  Sir  Edwin  Sandys, 
Hooker's  pupil.     Probably  they  were  first  matriculated  at  St.  Mary  Hall,  either 
because  there  were  not  yet  rooms  vacant  for  them  at  Corpus,  or  because  the  number 
of  Gentlemen-Commoners,  which  was  limited  by  the  Statutes  to  six,  was  already  full. 

3  This  is  probably  the  same  as  the  John  Marston  who  took  his  B.A.  Degree 
from  Corpus  on  Feb.  23,  159^.     Antony  Wood  (Ath.  Ox.,  ed.  Bliss,  vol.  i.  col. 
762,  &c.)  identifies  him,  and  not  John  Marston  of  Brasenose,  with  Marston  the 
dramatist  and  poet,  but  the  identification  rests  on  mistaken  grounds.     Wood's 
article  is  more  even  than   ordinarily  careless.     In  the  first  place,  he  speaks  of 
Marston's  Works  as  having  been  '  gathered  together  by  Will.  Shakespeare  the 
famous  comedian,  and  by  his  care  printed  at  London  1633,'  Shakespeare  having 
been  then  dead  seventeen  years,  and  the  Works  having  been  'gathered  together' 
by  William  Sheares  the  bookseller  and  publisher.      Then,  as  John  Marston  of 
B.  N.  C.  did  not  die  till  1634,  it  is  argued  that  the  edition  of  the  collected  Works 
cannot  have  been  edited  by  any  one  else  in  1633 !  but,  had  Wood  taken  pains  to 
read  the  very  short  Preface,  he  would  have  seen  that  two  reasons  are  assigned  for 
the  Works  being  edited  by  another  hand  during  Marston's  life-time,  namely,  that 
'  the  Author  is  now  in  his  Autumne  and  declining  age,'  and  is  '  so  farre  distant 
from  this  place.'     Mr.  Halliwell  and  Mr.  Bullen,  the  two  most  recent  editors  of 
Marston's  Works,  adduce  some  probable,  though  hardly  conclusive,  reasons  for 
identifying  the  poet  and  dramatist  with  John  Marston  of  Brasenose,  leaving  a 
certain  amount  of  presumption  in  his  favour.      In  the  supplementary  notes  to 
Wood's  Ath.  Ox.,  contained  in  Bliss'  ed.,  it  is  stated  that  'there  seems  great 
difficulty  in  ascribing  the  right  college  to  the  poet,  for,  in  the  Oxford  verses 
on  the  death  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  is  a  copy  signed  by  '  John  Marston,  ex  sede 
Christ!.'      But,  even  if  we  lay  no  stress  on  the  difference  of  spelling — for  the 
copy  is  subscribed  and  the  name  given  on  matriculating  and  taking  the  B.A. 
degree  as  John  Marson— it  is  difficult  to  suppose  that  this  John  Marson  can 
have  written  the  'Scourge  of  Villany'  and  '  Pigmalion's  Image'  in   1598,  three 
years  before  his  matriculation  at  New  College  in  1601,  and  when  he  was  only 
eighteen  years  of  age. 

4  Is  he  the  same  as  the  L.  F.,  M.P.  for  Bridport,  who  matriculated  at  Balliol, 
March  5,  159$  ?     He  may  afterwards  have  migrated  to  Corpus. 

5  Is  this  the  same  as  Joh.  G.,  mat.  1592  ? 

Ff  2 


436  EARLY  COMMONERS  OR 

Pouke.    1592.   i.e.  Job.  F.  mat.  Humph.  Styles.    1595.    ?  same 

1592.  as  H.  S.  mat.  1598'. 

Lyne.   Lond.    1593.   n.  i.  Wm.  Higford.    I5967. 

Chas.  Sunnibanke.    1593  *.  Joh.  Young.   Ep.  Roff.  f.    1597. 

Edwd.  Seymour,   eq.  f.   1594.  Franc.  Kelway.    1598. 

Wm.  Beacher.    i5942.  Tho.  Rowland.    1598. 

Bob.  More.    1594 3.  Edwd.  Pelland  (Pellam  or  Pel- 

Tho.  Bond.     1594.     ?  same  as  ham).    Sussex.    1598. 

T.  B.  eq.  f.  mat.  1596.  Nath.  Taverner.    1599. 

Bich.  Horner.    1594.   n.  i.  Bailife.    i5998. 

Hen.  Colthurst.  Lond.  n.d.  n.i.  Lud.  Pollard,  Gen.  1603.  ? same 

Fran.  Colthurst.  Lond.    1594*.  as  L.  P.  mat.  at  St.  John's  (Ox. 

Thomas  Thynne.    1594 5.  arm.  f.)  1601 9. 

Bob.  Knowlys.    1594.    mat.  at  Joh.    Leynthall,    Gen.      1603. 

Ch.  Ch.  1594.  B.A.  from  Corpus  ?  same  as  J.  L.  mat.  at  St.  John's 

1598.  (Ox.  arm.  f.)  i6oi9. 

Barth.  Bulmer.    1595.    n.i.  Joh.  Babington.   1604.  mat.  (fil. 

Hen.  Norwood.    1595.    ?  same  episc.  Vigorn.)  1603. 

as  H.  N.  mat.  at  Oriel  159^.  Bich.  Diott.    1604 10. 

1  Either  he  cannot  be  identified,  or  he  is  the  same  with  the  John  Sonibank 
who  took  his  degree  from  Corpus  in  1593;  if  so,  he  must  have  migrated  from 
some  other  college.  2  Afterwards  Sir  Wm.  Beacher.  See  Fulman,  vol.  x.  fol. 

46  a.  *  Afterwards  Sir  R.  More,  Kt.  *  This  name  does  not  occur  in  the  lists 
either  of  Matriculation  or  of  Degrees,  but  there  was  a  F.  C.  at  or  of  C.  C.  C.  in 
1602.  Fulman  adds  the  note,  'Ob.  Apr.  20,  1602,  set.  26.'  5  This  is  perhaps 

the  same  as  the  T.  T.  who  mat.  at  B.  N.  C.  (Wilts,  arm.  f.  14)  in  1592,  and  may 
have  migrated  to  Corpus.  Afterwards  Sir  T.  T.,  Kt.  6  About  this  time  ma- 

triculation was  often  postponed  till  long  after  a  student  had  become  member  of  a 
college. 

7  This  is  the  same  as  the  W.  Higford  (Hickford  or  Hichford)  who  mat.  at 
Oriel  (Glouc.  arm.  f.  16),  Jan.  14,  159^,  and  took  his  degree  from  Corpus,  Feb. 
*6,  159$.     From  the  number  of  migrations  about  this  period,  one  can  hardly  help 
supposing  that  colleges  accommodated  one  another ;  and  that  a  young  man,  wishing 
to  go  to  some  particular  college,  with  which  probably  his  family  was  connected, 
and  unable  to  find  rooms,  or,  in  cases  where,  as  at  Corpus,  the  number  of  Com- 
moners was  limited,  a  vacancy,  was,  meanwhile,  accommodated  at  some  other 
college.     Higford's  father  and  grandfather  had  both  been  at  Corpus.     See  pp.  131, 
156  of  this  work. 

8  This,  I  think,  must  be  the  George  Bayly  (or  Cayly)  mat.  at  Queen's  (Chesh. 
cler.  f.  16)  in  1595,  who  took  his  B.A.  Degree  from  Corpus,  July  23,  1599.     (This 
word  is  variously  spelt  Bayley,  Bailie,  Bailey,  Balie,  Balye,  Bayleye,  Baylie,  Bayly, 
Baylye,   Balife,  Baliffe,   Balisse,  Bayliffe,   Bagley,  Bealye,  Belly,  Beeley,  Beelie, 
Beely,  Beelye,  Byley,  &c.) 

3  There  can  be  no  practical  doubt  of  the  identification  of  these  two  names, 
which  are  both  entered  under  L  in  Fulman,  and  placed  in  juxtaposition.  These 
two  students,  who  were  of  the  same  county,  who  matriculated  together  at  St.  John's, 
and  who  were  probably  close  friends,  seem  to  have  migrated,  at  or  about  the  same 
time,  to  Corpus.  For  J.  L.  and  his  better-known  namesake,  the  son  of  the  Speaker, 
see  p.  194  of  this  work,  note  i.  When  I  wrote  this  note,  I  had  not  observed  that 
Pollard  was  so  closely  connected  with  Leynthall,  and  hence,  the  migration  from 
St.  John's,  which  I  now  regard  as  practically  certain,  was  there  stated  only  as  a 
possibility. 

10  Afterwards  Sir  R.  D.,  Kt,  P.C.  to  Charles  I,  High  Steward  of  Lichfield,  and 
Chancellor  of  the  County  Palatine  of  Durham.  Foster's  Al.  Ox. 


GENTLEMEN-COMMONERS.  437 

Joh. Thornton.  1606.  mat.  1607.  Rob.  Nicolas.    1614.   n.  i. 

Horatio  Eure.    1607.    n.  i.  Joh.  Spenser.    1614.    n.  i. 

Geo.    Lucy.      1607.      (Southts.  Amias  Bamfield.     Dev.     1614. 

mil.  f.)  B.A.  (eq.  aur.  f.)  1616. 

Hen.  Parry.    Cant.    I6O71.  Joh.  Price.    1615. 

Walt.  Raleigh.    1607.    mat.  as  Nic.  Worth.    1615. 

W.  Ralegh,  Dorset,  mil.  f.  i42.  Hen.  Poxe.  1615.  (Salop,  eq. 
Rob.  Diott.  1609.  aur.  f.) 

Franc.  Pinche.    1609*.  Somerset  Foxe.    1615.    (Mon- 
Edwin  Sands.    1609.   (mil.  f.)4         mouth,  eq.  aur.  f.) 

Edwd.  Spenser.    i6n5.  Joh.  Minne9.  Cant.  1615.  (Sur- 
Rich.  Spenser.    1 6 1 1 5.  rev,  eq.  aur.  f .) 

Joh.  G-unter.  1611.  n.  i.  Wm.  Minne-  Cant.  1616.  (Sur- 
Joh.  Sedley.  1 6 1 1 6.  rey,  eq.  aur.  f.) 

Wm.  Brockman.    Cant.    1612.  Wm.Han(d)cock.  1616.  (Dev.) 

mat.  at  St.  M.  H.  i6io7.  Jas.  Rivers10.  Cant.    1616. 

Robin  Pinch.  Cant.  1612.  B.A.  Potter  Rivers.   Cant.    1616. 

from  Corpus  (eq.  aur.  f.)  1611 8.  Edmu(o)nd  Hatch.    1617. 

Rob.  Eidolphe.  Cant.  1614.  n.i.  Rob.  Woodroffe.    1617.    (eq.  f.) 

Separated,  by  a  long  period,  from  the  other  entries,  is  the  following 
under  B,  in  Fulman's  own  handwriting :  — 

Wm.  Barker.  Comm.  Ob.  Mai  7,  1632.  aet.  19.  I  am  not  able 
to  identify  this  entry  with  any  either  in  Foster  or  the  University  Ma- 
triculation Book  of  this  period,  though  I  have  made  an  independent 
examination  of  that  document.  W.  B.  may  be  confounded  with  a 
Joseph  B.,  who  matriculated  from  Corpus,  Mar.  10,  162^,  set.  15. 

In  the  Register  of  the  Parliamentary  Visitors,  the  name  of  John 

1  Son  of  H.  P.,  a  former  scholar,  Bishop  successively  of  Glouc.  and  Wore. 

a  Elder  son  of  Sir  Walter  (see  Bliss'  ed.  of  Ath.  Ox.,  sub  Daniel  Fairclough  or 
Featley,  who  was  W.  R.'s  tutor,  vol.  iii.  col.  169).  He  was  killed  at  the  sacking 
of  St.  Thomas,  i6i£.  See  Stebbing's  Life  of  Sir  Walter  Ralegh,  pp.  321-4. 
There  is  a  very  interesting  letter  from  Featley  to  Sir  Walter  Raleigh  on  his  son, 
given  in  Bliss'  ed.  of  Ath.  Ox.,  vol.  iii.  col.  169.  In  Stebbing's  Life  of  Sir  Walter, 
pp.  323-4,  we  read  of  this  son:  'Six  days  after  the  fight,  Keymis  sent  a  letter 
describing  Walter's  death,  and  eulogising  his  "  extraordinary  valour,  forwardness, 
and  constant  vigour  of  mind."  Keymis's  letter  was  dated  January  8.  It  arrived, 
it  has  been  reckoned,  on  Feb.  14.  The  day  is  believed  to  be  fixed  by  the  abrupt 
closing  of  Ralegh's  journal,  aifter  his  son's  death,  "with  whom,"  he  wrote  to 
Winwood,  "  all  respect  of  this  world  hath  taken  end  in  me,"  he  had  no  heart  to 
continue  it.' 

3  Can  this  be  the  same  as  the  F.  F.  who  mat.  (Kent.  eq.  f.  15)  June  12,  1601  ? 
If  so,  he  must  have  been  'batteling'  temporarily  in  1609.  *  Afterwards  Sir  E. 

Sandys.  5  Both  matriculated  (as  Northts.  baronis  f.,  E.  S.  14,  R.  S.  16)  Nov. 

13,  1609.  They  were  sons  of '  Robert,  Lord  Spencer,  baron  of  Wormleighton.' 
See  Vaughan's  Life  of  Dr.  Jackson  (Works  of  Dr.  J.,  Cl.  Pr.  Ed.,  vol.  i).  Edward 
Spenser  was  knighted  Dec.  27,  1625,  and  was  M.P.  for  Brackley  and  Middlesex; 
Richard  was  M.P.  for  Northampton  and  Rye.  6  Took  his  B.A.  from  Corpus, 

as  eq.  aur.  f.  n.  m.,  May  17,  1613.  Second  Bart.  7  Afterwards  Sir  W.  B.,  Kt. 

8  We  must  bear  in  mind  that  all  '  independent '  members  of  the  college,  whether 
graduates  or  undergraduates,  were  called  '  Commensales,'  if  in  residence.  *  After- 
wards Sir  J.  M.,  Kt.  10  M.P.  for  Lewes. 


438  EARLY  COMMONERS  OR 

Stapleton,  Commoner,  is  given  as  one  of  those  expelled  in  1648, 
but  his  name  does  not  occur  either  in  Foster  or  in  the  Matriculation 
Register,  which,  however,  is  at  this  time  very  defective. 

After  an  interval  of  several  years,  our  authority  for  the  names  of 
Commoners,  or  '  Gentlemen-Commoners/  becomes  the  Buttery  Books, 
the  first  extant  of  which  is  that  for  1 648-9 1.  Several  of  the  earlier 
books  are  now  missing,  but,  as  a  name  was  often  on  the  books  for 
three,  four,  or  five  years,  and,  from  1748  onwards,  we  have  also  the 
'  Acts  and  Proceedings  of  C.  C.  C.'  kept  by  the  Presidents,  we  are  able 
to  construct  an  almost  complete  list  from  the  time  of  the  Common- 
wealth down  to  the  disappearance  of  these  students  in  1852. 

Early  in  the  book  for  1648-9  we  find  the  names — 

Mr.  Wyndham.       Mr.  Short.  Mr.  Geree  or  Geary. 

Mr.  Pointingdon.   Mr.  Hais( Hayes). 

The  names  of  Mr.  Wyndham,  Mr.  Pointingdon,  and  Mr.  Geree 
do  not  occur  either  in  Foster's  Al.  Ox.  or  in  the  University  Matricula- 
tion Book.  There  is  no  formal  entry  of  any  of  these  names  in  the 
Buttery  Book,  but,  in  the  Univ.  Matriculation  Book,  Edwardus 
Shorte,  Gen.  Fil.,  and  Jacobus  Hayes,  Gen.  Fil.,  appear  on  Feb. 
19,  164!. 

"William  Ingoldsby  is  entered  in  the  Buttery  Book,  Aug.  24, 1649, 
but  I  cannot  find  that  he  ever  batteled,  except  on  the  first  day,  and 
his  name  does  not  occur  either  in  Foster  or  in  the  Univ.  Matric.  Book. 

Mr.  Ridley  and  Mr.  Bankes  are  entered  on  July  5,  1650,  but 
neither  of  them  occurs  in  Foster  or  in  the  Univ.  Matric.  Book.  They 
both  batteled. 

Nicholas  Opies  (sometimes  written  Opye)  is  entered  on  July  19, 
1650,  and  was  matriculated,  Nov.  20,  1651,  as  Opay. 

Coplestone  Bampfylde,  Baronet  \ 

<aft.  M.P.  for  Devon)  /    entered  on  March  14,  165^, 

Thomas  Upton  (        and  matriculated  March  20 

Nicholas  SherwiU  J        following. 

Francis  Isaac  entered  Apr.  25,  1651,  and  matriculated  June  7 
following. 

Richard  Warre  was  transferred  from  the  list  of  Scholars,  June  13, 
1651. 

I  now  proceed  to  give  the  names  and  years  of  admission,  adding, 
where  desirable,  further  particulars : — 

1  In  the  earlier  pages  of  this  book  there  occur  the  names  of  Wall,  Parne,  Newman, 
Ryland,  Mrs.  Moore,  Crayford,  Colins,  Shepard,  and,  at  an  interval,  Cave,  Car- 
penter, Willson.  From  their  position,  the  former  names  must,  I  think,  be  those  of 
battelers,  servitors  or  servants,  and  the  latter  possibly  those  of  workmen  temporarily 
employed  in  the  college  (cp.,  in  Fulman's  Index,  Style  Tegull,  1566,  and  Tho. 
Stiles  Teg.  1582).  None  of  the  names  occur  in  the  Matriculation  Book,  but,  at 
this  period,  that  record  was  very  imperfectly  kept.  Mrs.  Moore  was.  probably,  an 
early  instance  of  a  female  bed-maker. 


GENTLEMEN-COMMONERS.  439 

1652.  Geo.  Lacock.  1655.    Combe  Wagstaffe. 
165§.    Job.  Holme.  1657.   Chris.  Packe. 

1653.  Wm.  Parker.  Wm.  ArundeU. 
David  Bigg.  1658.   Chas.  Adderley. 

1654.  Rob.  Howarth.  Ric.  Forster. 
Tho.  Ashhurst.  165£.    Jas.  Chetham2. 

1655.  Wm.  Heyrick.  1659.   Rob.  G-rove. 
Humphrey  Chetham l. 

The  Books  are  missing  from  Oct.,  1659,  to  Oct.,  i6643.  The 
names  in  October,  1664,  are — 

<Hen.)  Ewer.  <Ric.)  Cobb.  (Mich.)  Welden. 

Ashburnham.  (Rob.)  Midford.         (Rob.)  Manton. 

(Wm.)  Wither 4  was  entered  Jan.  27,  i66i. 

On  May  ii,  1666,  there  first  occurs  in  the  Buttery  Books  the  name 
of  D.  Jacobus  Dux  Monumethensis,  inserted  between  the  Pre- 
sident and  Vice-President.     See  pp.  243-4. 
1666.   Joh.  Hooke.  1668.   Wm.  Livesay. 

1668.   Edwd.  Filmer5.  1669.   Joh.  Carter. 

Wm.  Harmer. 

The  Books  for  1669-70  and  1670-1  are  wanting.  In  October, 
1671,  the  names  on  the  Book  are — 

Ds.  Hooke.  Harmer.  (Wm.)  Hickman. 

Filmer.  Livesay. 

Proceeding  with  the  admissions  we  have — 
1671.   Dan.  Hayne.  167f .    Chas.  Cotes. 

167£.   Ric.  Ingoldesby.  Joh.  Coxwell. 

The  Book  for  1673-4  is  wanting.  In  October,  1674,  the  names 
on  the  Book  are — 

Mr.  Hooke.  Stocker.  (Rob.)  Mason. 

(Joh.)  Coxwell.  (Tho.)  Moore. 

Hugh  Grove  was  admitted  May  28,  1675. 

The  Book  for  1675-6  is  wanting.  In  October,  1676,  the  names 
on  the  Book  are — 

Dom.  Gul.  Duncumb  6.     Husbands.  (Joh.)  Starkey. 

Grove.  (Ant.)  Lucas. 

We  may  now  proceed  with  the  admissions : — 
16|$.    Joh.  Tayleur.  1680.    (Walt.)  Bogan. 

1680.   Wm.  Brome.  1681.    (Rob.)  Parker. 

Ric.  Jones.  168f .    Ben.  Wade. 

1  Probably  some  junior  relative  of  the  Humphrey  Chetham,  founder  of  the 
Chetham  Hospital  and  Library  at  Manchester,  who  was  bom  in  1580,  and  died 
unmarried.  '-1  Probably  the  author  of  the  '  Angler's  Vade  Mecum.'  See  Diet. 

Nat.  Biog.         s  During  this  time  the  name  of  John  Darell  must  have  been  entered 
as  a  Gentleman-Commoner.     See  p.  455  below.  *  M.P.  for  Andover. 

5  Fellow  of  All  Souls.     Probably  the  same  as  the  dramatist.     See  Diet.  Nat.  Biog. 

6  2nd  Baronet. 


440 


GENTLEMEN-COMMONERS. 


1683 '.  Bob.  Ellison.  1693. 

Mich.  Wickes.  1694. 

Rob.  Sheppard. 
168f .   Joh.  Stephens. 

1684.  Wm.  Evelyn.  1695. 

1685.  Tho.  Compton. 

Tim.  Bobson.  1696. 

1686.  Sir  Lawr.  Stoughton 2.        1698. 

1687.  Joh.  Briscoe. 
Hen.  Bawling. 
Chris.  Mayne. 

1688.  Chas.  Mellish.  17OO. 
Gul.  Bussell. 

1689.  Bob.  Knight. 

1690.  Tobias  Chauncy 3.  1702. 
Franc.  Drewe*.  170f. 

1691.  Geo.  Harrison. 
169J.    Bic.  Bigg. 


The  Buttery  Book  for  1703  is  wanting, 
entries  are — 


Tho.  Browne. 

Sam.  Chetham. 

Joh.  Powle. 

Bob.  Beach. 

Joh.  Temple. 

Chas.  Parry. 

Tho.  Brocas. 

Norton  Powlett 5. 

Dom.  Phil.  Parker,  Bart.6 

Ludov.  Oglethorpe7. 

Gul.  Wither. 

Hen.  Hodges. 

Dom.  Hen.  Atkins,  Bart.8 

Tho.  Bere. 

Edwd.  Cuthbert. 

Phil.  Percivale  9. 

Geo.  St.  Amand. 

Gostlett  Harington. 

In  October,   1704,  the 


Hodges.  Harington. 

St.  Amand.  Young. 

1706.  Gul.  Boulting.  1713. 
Jac.  Hayes.  1714. 

1707.  Willoughby  Bertie  ll. 

Joh.  Drake,  Bart.  12.  1715. 

1708.  Joh.  Turner. 

Edwd.  Cole.  171|. 

More  Molyneux13.  1719. 

Edwd.  Conyers14. 
Gul.  Walrond.  1720. 

Hen.  Baro  de  Coleraine.     1721. 
(pp.  271-2,  287.) 


1709. 
171O. 


(Tho.)  Turner. 

(Shilton)  Calmady10. 
Joh.  Bawlinson.  eq.  aur.  f. 
Jac.  Oglethorpe 15.  eq. 

aur.  f. 

Bic.  Bingham  16. 
Adrianus  Moore. 
Joh.  Clarke. 
Joh.  Crosse. 
Joh.  PoUen 17. 
Bob.  Spearman. 
Cope  Freeman. 
Hon.  Tho.  Lee. 


1  On  June  i,  1683,  the  name  of  D.  Jacobus  Dux  Monumethensis  is  erased.  The 
erasure  continues  up  to  July  12,  and  then  the  name  disappears  altogether. 
2  2nd  Baronet.  3  M.P.  for  Ban  bury.  *  M.P.  for  Exeter  in  four  Parliaments. 
Foster.  5  M.P.  for  Petersfield  in  six  Parliaments.  See  Foster.  6  3rd 

Baronet.  M.P.  for  Harwich.  7  M.P.  for  Haslemere.  A.D.C.  to  Duke  of 

Marlborough.  See  Foster.  8  3rd  Baronet.  9  M.P.  for  Askeyton.  Director 
and  Supervisor  of  the  State  Music.  See  Foster.  I0  These  names  correspond 

with  the  list  in  Acta  C.C.C.  for  1783,  &c.  We  may  probably  conclude,  therefore, 
that  none  are  missing.  n  3rd  Earl  of  Abingdon.  Foster,  Al.  Ox.  13  5th 

Baronet.  13  Afterwards  Sir  M.  M.,  Kt.  H  M.P.  for  East  Grinstead. 

15  Oglethorpe's  name  disappears  from  the  books  on  May  3,  1717.  It  was  re- 
entered  on  June  25,  1719,  and  finally  disappeared  on  Oct.  20,  1727.  As,  for  the 
greater  part  of  the  time  after  re-entering  his  name  he  does  not  battel,  this  appears 
to  be  an  early  case  of '  keeping  the  name  on  the  books.'  (Cp.  the  case  of  Edwin 
Sandys  above,  p.  434.)  He  was  created  M.A.  on  July  31,  1 731.  16  R.  Bingham, 
though  he  resided  some  time,  seems  never  to  have  been  matriculated  before  the 
University.  1Y  M.P.  for  Andover. 


GENTLEMEN-COMMONERS. 


441 


1721.  Tho.  Aston1.  1729.   Jeremias    Milles.    (pp. 

1722.  Hen.  Bland.  282-3.) 

1723.  Gul.  Wynne.  1730.   Edm.  Gibson. 
Edm.  Chamberlayne.  Ludovicus  Buckle. 

1724.  Gul.  Morice 2  <al.  Mor-      173£.    Franc.  Drewe. 

ris),  Bart.    fil.  1732.   Jon.  Lowe. 

1725.  Jon.  Anstis.  Hen.  Seymer. 
Edwd.  Mellish.                    173f .    Swayne  Harbin. 

1726.  Job.  Honywood.  1734.   Jac.  Newton. 
172f.    Rob.  Goddard  Adams.-      1735.    Tho.  Head. 

1727.  Bob.  Hoblyn.  1736.   Edwd.  Sacheverell  Pole. 
Talbot  Williamson.  (See  Foster.) 

Jon.  Symons.  173£.    Tho.  Clavering. 

1728.  Chris.  Buckle.  1737.    Hon.  Joh.  Chetwynd. 
The  Buttery  Book  for  1737-8  is  missing.     At  the  beginning  of  the 

next  book,  Oct.,  1738,  there  occurs  the  name  '  Master,' who  must 
be  Legh  Master,  matr.  Dec.  16,  1737,  as  Streynsham  Master  was 
a  Scholar. 


1739.  Bob.  Snablin.  1752. 
Geo.  Clavering,  Bart.  fil. 

1740.  Gul.  Fenwick.  1753. 

1741.  Bob.  Henley.  1755. 
Gul.  Davison. 

Gul.  Lemon.  1756. 

Pet.  Henley.  1757. 

1742.  Pet.  Leigh. 
174|.   Joh.  Fenwick. 

1743.  Tho.  Hall.  1758. 
174f.   Ric.  Leigh3.  1759. 
174^.   Tho.  Worsley 4. 

1746.  Tho.  ClenneU. 

174f.  Hon.Gul.Bic.Chetwynd.      1760. 

1747.  David     Hartley,     (pp.      1761. 

282-3.) 

1748.  Ashton  Lever,  (p.  283.)      1762. 
174f .   Tho.  Patten.  1764. 

1749.  Joh.  Bulteel. 

Sam.  Clarke.  1767. 

Gul.  Soresby. 

1750.  Gul.  Honywood. 
Joh.  Estridge. 

1751.  Hen.  Campion.  1768. 

1752.  Gul.  Deedes. 


Joh.  Lloyd. 

Car.  Franc.  Forster. 

Geo.  Mason5. 

Wm.  Hasell. 

Joh.  Wilkinson. 

Herb.  Randolph. 

Winchcombe  Henricus 

Hartley 6. 

Franc.  Rose  Drewe. 
Tho.  Bose  Drewe. 
Joh.  Pollen 7. 
Paulus  Methuen. 
Wm.  Alder. 
Chris.  Buckle. 
Bic.  Lovell  Edgeworth. 

(pp.  292-3.) 
Mich.  Terry. 
Tho.  Day.     (p.  292.) 
Tho.  Sheppard. 
Edwd.  Drewe. 
Joh.  Tattersall. 
Gul.      Windsor      Fitz- 

Thomas. 
Bog.  Cole. 
Ric.  Worsley 8. 


1  4th  Baronet.  M.P.       2  3rd  Baronet.  M.P.  for  Launceston.   p.  78.        3  King's 
Serjeant.     M.P.  for  East  Looe.  *  6th  Baronet.  5  The  Buttery  Book  for 

1752-3  is  missing,  but  this  admission  is  recovered  from  the  Acts  of  C.C.C.  and  the 
Univ.  Matric.  Book.  8  M.P.  for  Berkshire.  7  ist  Baronet.  8  7th  Baronet. 
P.C.  M.P.  for  Newport,  I.  W.  Governor  of  Isle  of  Wight  <p.  292). 


442 


GENTLEMEN-COMMONERS. 


1769.  Rob.  Gooden. 

1770.  Jac.  Fisher. 
Sam.  Jackson. 

1771.  Lascelles  Iremonger. 
Joh.  Berkeley  Bur  land. 
Car.  Coxe. 

1772.  Elisha  Biscoe. 

1773.  Joh.  Culliford  Goodden. 

1774.  Mich.  Angelo  Taylor 1. 

1775.  Franc.  Woodhouse. 
Joh.  Honywood2. 
Gul.  Lyd(d)on. 

1776.  Sir  Joh.  Pole 3. 

1777.  Wyndham  Goodden. 

1778.  Joh.  Estridge. 

Joh.  Sommers  Cocks  4. 
Dan.  Steph.  Olivier. 
Hon.  Edwd.  Bouverie 5. 
Joh.  Newcombe. 
1770.    Oliv.  Peard. 

1780.  Gul.  Deedes. 

1781.  Gul.      Tho.      Hanham 

(Bart.) 6. 

1782.  Pet.  Brooke. 

1783.  Joh.  Preston. 

Pet.  Patten 7.     Lane. 
Tho.  Strangways  Hor- 
ner. 

1784.  Hon.  Franc.  Mathew 8. 

1785.  Franc.  BuUer  Yarde 9. 

1786.  Geo.  Cookes. 
Hen.  Gul.  Martin 10. 

1787.  Pet.  Vere. 


1787.  Bic.  Lewen  Glyn. 
Geo.      Purefoy      (Jer- 

voise). 

1788.  Sam.  Clarke  ". 

1789.  Franc.  Tho.  Hayter. 
Joh.  Sampson. 

1790.  Jac.  Vere. 

Gul.  Joh.  Campion. 

1791.  Car.  Gul.  Wall. 
Geo.  Langton. 
Gul.  Hunt12. 

1792.  Hon.  Car.  Jac.  Stewart. 

<pp.  304-5.) 
Dugdale       Stratford 

Geast ls. 
Hen.  Woodward. 

1793.  Bob.  French. 

Tho.  Grimstone  Est- 
court.  <p.  305.) 

1794.  Joh.  Wilmer  Field. 

1795.  Tho.  Goddard14. 
Abel  Joh.  Bam. 

1797.  Prsehon.  Joh.  Hamilton 

Fitzmaurice,  Vice- 
comes  Kirkwall15. 

Geo.  Tho.  Chamber- 
laine. 

Car.  Baby. 

Dan.  Jac.  Webb. 

Phil.  Stanhope  Smelt. 

1798.  Joh.  Pigott. 

1799.  Granvill        Hastings 

Wheler. 


1  M.P.  for  Durham  and  other  places.          2  ?  4th  Baronet.          3  Or  De  la  Pole. 
6th  Baronet.     M.P.  for  West  Looe.  4  First  Earl  Somers.     He  matricu- 

lated from  St.  Alban  Hall  four  months  before  his  admission  at  Corpus.  From 
other  cases,  similar  to  this,  which  occurred  about  the  same  period,  it  would 
seem  as  if  the  Gentlemen-Commoners  of  Corpus  (who  were  limited  in  number) 
were  sometimes  temporarily  accommodated  at  St.  Alban  Hall.  Cp.  a  similar 
case  in  reference  to  St.  Mary  Hall,  p.  435,  above.  s  Mr.  Bouverie  was 

a  cousin,  once  removed,  of  Dr.  Pusey.  He  gave  the  iron  gate,  leading  into 
the  garden,  in  1782.  M.P.  for  Downton.  6  5th  Baronet.  7  Afterwards 

Patten-Bold.     M.P.  for  Newton,  Lancaster,  and  Malmesbury.  *  and  Earl 

of  Llandaff.     K.P.     M.P.  for  co.  Tipperary.  »  2nd  Baronet.     M.P.  for 

Totnes.  10  2nd  Baronet.  n  Afterwards  Sir  S.  C.  Jervoise.     ist  Baronet. 

12  Prinne  is  affixed  to  this  name  in  the  list  prefixed  to  the  Acta  of  1783  &c.,  though 
not  in  the  entry,  in  that  book,  made  at  the  time  of  his  admission.  13  After- 

wards Dugdale.    M.P.  1802-31.  "  M.P.  for  Cricklade.  ls  M.P.  for 

Heytesbury  and  Denbigh. 


GENTLEMEN-COMMONERS. 


443 


1800.  Joh.  Barton  Willis l. 
Hon.  Joh.  Gul.  Ward2. 
Conyngsby  Sibthorp3. 
Hen.  Seymer. 

1801.  Edm.  Wodehouse  *. 

1802.  Henry         Drummond 

Home 5. 

1803.  Sam.  Tyssen. 

1804.  Hen.  Skrine. 
Francis  Rob.  Bonham. 

1805.  Fred.  Doveton. 
Wm.  Gore  Langton. 

1806.  Wm.  PoppleweU  Bill- 

ingham  Johnson. 
Hen.  Powneylsherwood 

1807.  Addison  Joh.  Easterby 

(aft.  Cress  well). 

1808.  Chas.  Gumming6. 
Joh.  Campbell  Fisher. 

1809.  Steph.  Oakley  Attlay. 

1810.  Hen.  Joh.  Burlton. 
Armitage  G-aussen. 
Joh.  Peregrine  Lascel- 

les  Fenwick. 

1811.  Edwd.  Archer. 

Sir  Chris.  Willoughby, 

Bart. 
Hen.  Bosanquet. 

1812.  Geo.  Pellew 7. 
Joh.  Stockdale. 

1813.  Joh.  Pet.  Perring. 
Geo.  Idle. 

1814.  Geo.  Barons  Northcote. 
Hon.  Tho.  MoretonFitz- 

hardinge  Berkeley 8. 
Wm.  Deedes  9. 

1815.  Joh.  Vere. 
John  Gooden. 

Chris.  Sidney  Smith 10. 


1817.  Wm.  Tritton. 

Jas.  Winter  Scott u. 

1818.  Jas.  Wm.  WaU. 
Joh.  Henniker. 

1819.  Edwd.  Bolton  King 12. 
Hugh      Usher      Tighe. 

<P-  3°5-> 
Edwyn  Eosanquet. 

1821.  Bob.  Guy  Evered. 
Jervoise     Clarke     Jer- 

voise ls. 

Geo.     Franc.     Rowley 
Johnstone. 

1822.  Jos.  Laing. 
Joh.  Harvey. 
Ric.  Smith  Kay. 

1823.  Harry  Mainwaring  ". 
Rowland  War  burton. 
Joh.  Nicholas  Gell. 

1824.  Art.  KeUy. 

Ed.  Ant.  Holden. 
Edwd.  Simpson  1S. 
Hon.  Joh.  Arbuthnott 16. 

1825.  Tho.  Oliver  Gascoigne 

(sen.). 

Ric.  Silver  Oliver  Gas- 
coigne (jun.). 

Sam.  Clarke  Jervoise. 

Wm.  Young. 

Wm.  Thornhill. 

A.  Browne 17. 

1826.  Tho.  KeUy. 

Ben.  Holme  Wiggan. 

Rob.  Blagdon  Hole. 

Jas.  Meiklam. 

Pet.  Dav.  Latouche. 

Geo.  Burdett. 

Wm.  Barlow  Smythe. 

1827.  Hen.  Carew. 


1  Afterwards  Willis-Fleming.  M.P.  for  Hants.  2  ist  Earl  of  Dudley.  Sec. 
of  State  for  Foreign  Affairs,  1827.  3  M.P.  for  Lincoln.  *  M.P.  for  Norfolk. 
5  M.P.  for  Stirlingshire  and  Perthshire.  6  M.P.  for  Inverness  Burghs.  7  After- 
wards Hon.  G.  P.,  Dean  of  Norwich.  8  Dejure  Earl  of  Berkeley,  but  declined 
to  take  the  title  (p.  305).  9  Fellow  of  All  Souls.  M.P.  for  East  Kent.  10  7th 
Baronet.  u  M.P.  for  North  Hants.  w  M.P.  for  Warwick.  13  2nd 

Baronet.     M.P.  for  South  Hampshire.  14  2nd  Baronet.  l5  Assumed  name 

of  Hicks.     M.P.  for  Cambridge.         16  gth  Viscount  Arbuthnott.         1T  It  is  curious 
that  the  Christian  name  is  nowhere  given  in  full. 


444 


GENTLEMEN-COMMONERS. 


1827.  Wm.  Sandys  Sandys.          1839. 

1828.  Tho.  Carew.  1840. 
Hen.  Vane  Hussell. 

Jonas  Brooke 

Wm.  Musters  Musters.       1841. 

1829.  Mich.  Hughes. 
Meyrick  Bankes. 

Wm.  Heather  Norrie.         1842. 

Aug.  Campbell. 

Matt.  Burrell.  1843. 

1830.  Hen.  O'Reilley  Hoey  J.       1844. 
Jas.  Beach. 

Joh.  Bainbridge  Story.       1845. 

1831.  Wm.  Meiklem. 

1832.  Edwd.  Simpson. 

Phil.  Perceval.  1846. 

1833.  Joseph  Hen.  Bennett. 
Wm.  Randall. 

1834.  Joh.  Robinson  Porster.       1847. 
Hen.  Wm.  Dashwood 2. 

1835.  Chas.  Knox. 

1836.  Joh.  Tho.  Betts. 
Jas.CruikshankDansey.      1848. 

1839.   Chas.  Wm.  Gordon.  1849. 


Joh.  Bransby  Purnell. 

Raymond  Blomefield 
Holt. 

Rob.  Gregory3. 

Ric.  Joh.  Chas.  Rivers 
Ker. 

Tho.  Daniel  Daniel. 

Pred.  Savile  Lumley. 

Jas.  Best. 

Wm.  Aug.  Commerel. 

Jas.  Hulkes. 

Wm.  Louis  Parry. 

Hen.  Boddington  Web- 
ster. 

Joh.  Collingwood. 

Geo.  Trafford  Heald. 

Rob.  Dimsdale4. 

Wm.  Tenison. 

Aug.  Wm.  Savile  Lum- 
ley. 

Wm.  Edwd.  Oakeley. 

Pulbert  Archer. 

Edwd.PercevalWestby. 

Drury  Curzon  Lowe 5. 


1  So  entered  in  Buttery  Book  and  Matriculation  Book.  In  the  Acts  of  C.C.C., 
kept  by  the  President,  the  Christian  names  are  entered  (doubtless  wrongly)  as 
J.  Okeille.  2  5th  Baronet.  Lord  Lieutenant  of  Oxfordshire.  s  Dean  of  St. 
Paul's.  4  Baron  Dimsdale.  Formerly  M.P.  for  North  Herts.  5  Now 

Major-General  Sir  Drury  Curzon  Drury  Lowe,  K.C.B.  He  served  in  the  Crimean, 
Indian,  Zulu,  Boer,  and  Egyptian  wars.  For  his  conduct  in  the  last  war,  including 
his  march  on  Cairo  and  the  capture  of  Arabi,  he  received  the  thanks  of  both 
Houses  of  Parliament.  Sir  Drury  Lowe  was  the  last  Gentleman-Commoner 
admitted. 


LIST   OF   COMMONERS    FROM    1851. 


At  a  College  Meeting  held  on  Feb.  20,  1851  (see  p.  321),  it  was 
resolved  to  discontinue  the  reception  of  Gentlemen-Commoners,  and 
to  receive  ordinary  Commoners,  no  longer  confining  the  number 
within  any  fixed  limit. 

The  following  is  the  list  of  Commoners  down  to  the  present  time : — 


COMMONERS. 


Chas.  Young.    1851. 
t  Job.  Reynolds  O'Neil. 


18*1. 


Geo.  Baden  Crawley.    1851. 
Steph.  Dowell '.   1851. 
Edwd.  Wm.  Northey.    1851. 
Alex.  Patrick  Law.    1851. 
Hen.  Leigh  Bennett.    1852. 
Wm.  Jon.  Swayne.    1852. 
t  Chas.  Thos.  Arnold.    1852. 
Walt.  Hugh  Erie  Welby.  1852. 
Jemmett  Browne.    1852. 
Edmd.     Forster     Drummond 

Hutton.    1852. 
Ambrose  Sneyd  Cave  Browne 

Cave.    1852. 

Jas.  Aug.  Lockhart.    1852. 
Wm.  Spencer  Ollivant.    1853. 
Chas.  Hen.  Newbatt.    1853. 
Hen.  Tubal  Hole.    1853. 
Wm.  Ramsey.    1853. 
Hen.  Rudd.    1853. 
Wm.  Ric.  Morfill2.    1853. 
Joh.  Lindsay  Johnston.    1853. 
Jas.  Tate.   1854. 
Tho.  Graham  Jackson 3.    1854. 
Jos.  May  Ward.    1854. 
Ric.  Martin.    1854. 
Tho.  Auriol  Robinson.    1854. 
Joh.  Gordon  Kennedy4.    1854. 
Alf.  Tilleman  Browne.    1854. 
Rob.  H.  Otter.    1854. 
Wyndham  Chas.H.H.  D'Aeth. 

1855- 

t  Wm.  Chris.  Evans.    1855. 
Edwd.  Pears  Wilson.    1855. 

Subsequently  Exhibitioner. 


Ric.  Foster.    1855. 
Geo.  Wm.  Holdsworth.    1855. 
Joh.  Warnford  Hoole.    1855. 
Rob.  Hen.  Kinchant.    1855. 
t  Lewis  Pugh  Evans 5.    1855. 
Hen.  Bramston.    1855. 
Joh.  Ferdinando  Collins.  1 855. 
Joh.  Jas.  Coxhead.    1855. 
Sam.  Shering  Keddle.    1856. 
Esdaile  Lovell  Lovell.    1856. 
Hen.  Ernest  Browne.    1856. 
Walt.  Yeldham.    1856. 
Wm.  Baillie  Skene 6.    1856. 
Edwd.  Baldwin  Malet 7.  1856. 
t  Chas.  Wm.  Penny.    1856. 
Fred.  Hornby  Birley.    1856. 
Hen.  Jephson  Mello.    1856. 
Edwd.Montague  Earle  Welby8. 

1856. 

Phil.  Snaith  Duval.    1856. 
Joh.  Wm.  Woods.    1856. 
Joh.  North  Buckmaster.  1 856. 
Ric.  Harold  Bush.    1856. 
Edwd.  Cecil  Coney.    1857. 
Geo.  Elwin.    1857. 
Fred.  Joh.  Young.    1857. 
Tho.  Kennett  Were.    1857. 
Joh.  Hunter  Smith.    1857. 
Fred.  Barnes.    1857. 
Ric.  Hampson  Joynson.    1857. 
Wm.  Francis  Prideaux.    1858. 
Wm.  Arnold  Matthews.    1858. 
Wm.  Sidney  Harrison.    1858. 
Hen.  Hopkins.    1858. 
Joh.  Jas.  Evans.    1858. 
Assistant  Solicitor  to  the  Inland  Revenue. 


2  Scholar  of  Oriel ;  University  Reader  in  Russian.          3  Scholar,  Fellow,  and  Hon. 
Fellow  of  Wadham  (p.  329).  *  British  Minister  to  the  Republic  of  Chile. 

5  Formerly  M.P.  for  Cardiganshire.     Now  Lewis  Pugh  Pugh.  6  Fellow  of 

All  Souls;  Senior  Student  of  Ch.  Ch.          7  British  Ambassador  at  Berlin.  G.C.B. 
8  Stipendiary  Magistrate  at  Sheffield. 


446 


COMMONERS. 


Harrison  Falkner  Blair l.  1858. 

t  Joh.  Wm.  Colvin.    1858. 

Edwd.  Sidgwick.    1858. 

Walt.  Alers  Hankey.    1858. 

t  Osborne  Bubb.    1858. 

t  Alf.  Tho.  Barton2.    1859. 

Chas.  Fras.  Thornewill.  1859. 

Fred.  Latour  Mason.    1859. 

Clement  Alf brd.    1859. 

Tho.  Robins  Bolitho.    1859. 

Chas.  Burney.    1859. 

Joh.  Hen.  Copleston.    1859. 

Csesar  Ric.  Hawkins.    1859. 

Chas.  Barnes.    1859. 

Hugh  Geo.  Bourne.    1859. 

Cecil  Fred.  Bourke.    1860. 

Wm.  Tho.  Church.    1860. 

Franc.  Porter  Beachcroft 3. 
1860. 

tHerb.  Aug.  Strong.    1860. 

t  Wm.  Albert  Darent  Harri- 
son. 1860. 

David  Pugh  Jones  Evans.  1860. 

Chas.  Steph.  Turner.    1861. 

Chas.  Jas.  Manning.    1861. 

Wm.  Joh.  Courthope4.    1861. 

Tho.  Taylor.    1861. 

Marmaduke  Athorpe.    1861. 

Fred.  Fox  Lambert.     1861. 

Joh.  Arnell  Creed.    1861. 

Joh.  Wm.  Haygarth.    1861. 

O  swald  M  angin  H  olden .  1 8  6 1 . 

Fred.  Wm.  Willis.    1861. 

Franc.  Thirkill  White.    1862. 

Franc.  Edwd.  Hall.    1862. 

Chas.  Clem.  Webster.    1862. 

Hen.  Owen.    1862. 

Abel  Joh.  Ram.    1861. 

Franc.  Wm.  Caulfleld.    1862. 

Hen.  Walt.  More  Molyneux. 
1862. 

Louis  Geo.  Mylne 5.    1862. 

Jas.  Crofts  Ingram.    1862. 

Edwd.  Isaac  Sparks.    1862. 


Geo.  Sidney  Streatfleld.    1862. 

Chas.  Morris.    1862. 

Geo.  Boileau  Reid.    1862. 

Hen.  Walt.  Miller.    1862. 

Rob.  Barker.    1862. 

Geo.  Barrington  Baker.    1863. 

Joh.  Eltham  Mylne.    1863. 

Jas.  Du  Pre\    1863. 

Rob.  Seymour  Bridges.    1863. 

Art.  Gibb  Symonds.    1863. 

Jas.  Hume  Norris.    1863. 

Hilgrove  Coxe.    1864.. 

Chas.  Tilton  Digby.    1864. 

Donald  Mackenzie.    1864. 

Willingham  Franklin  Rawns- 
ley.  1864. 

Fred.  Vernon  Bussell.    1865. 

Herb.  Hall  Woodward.    1865. 

Jasper  Alex.  Redgrave.    1865. 

Walt.  Kerchival  Hilton.    1865. 

Edwd.  Joh.  Cunningham.  1865. 

Hen.  Richardson.    1865. 

Rob.  Bickersteth.    1865. 

Wm.  Jas.  Brooks.    1865. 

Edwd.  Rob.  Phelps.    1865. 

Walt.  Hamilton  Acland  Jacob- 
son.  1865. 

Joh.  Hen.  Crawford.    1865. 

Chas.  Prestwich  Scott.    1865. 

Franc.  Jas.  Chavasse.    1865. 

Wm.  Wilbraham  Ford.    1865. 

Chas.Joh.Scott  Churchill.  1865. 

D'Arcy  Bedingfleld  Collyer. 
1865. 

Chris.  Childs  6.    1866. 

Edwd.  Joh.  Eveleigh  Wynd- 
ham.  1866. 

And.  Mitchell  Mackenzie.  1866. 

Tho.  Pateshall  Monnington. 
1866. 

Alf.  Gardiner  Hastings.    1866. 

Hen.  Jardine  Bidder 7.    1866. 

Wm.  Edwd.  Goschen  8.    1866. 

Anth.  Surtees.    1867. 


1  Judge  of  the  High  Court,  N.  W.  Provinces  of  India. 
3  Scholar  of  Exeter.          *  Exhibitioner,  New  College, 
of  Bombay,  1877.  e  Jackson  Scholar  of  Mert on. 

Fellow  of  St.  John's.  8  Sec.  of  Legation  at  Lisbon. 


2  Fellow  of  Pembroke. 
5  Tutor  of  Keble.  Bp. 
7  Scholar  of  University. 


COMMONERS. 


447 


Hen.  Temple  Pears.    1867. 
Franc.  Ambrose  Gregory.  1867. 
Ern.   Edwd.    Leigh    Bennett. 

1868. 

Ern.  Hen.  Jacob.    1868. 
Geo.  Mallows  Freeman.    1868. 
Algernon  Digby.    1868. 
Jon.  Graham.    1868. 
Fred.  Hen.  Maitland.    1868. 
Edwd.  Hugh  Moberly.    1868. 
Jas.  Taylor  Soutter.    1868. 
Tonman  Mosley.    1868. 
tWm.  Hawks  Longridge.  1868. 
Ern.  Wm.  Enfleld.    1 868. 
Bulmer  Howell.   1869. 
Geo.  Watson  Welsh.    1869. 
Jas.  Edwd.  Walker.    1869. 
Chas.  Wm.  Heald.    1869. 
Fred.  Foote  Cutler.    1869. 
t  Geo.  Bowyer  Vaux.    1869. 
Harold  Baird  Carlyon.    1869. 
Wm. Richardson  Linton.  1869. 
Jas.  Hen.  Davies.    1869. 
Rob.  Leach.    1869. 
Nevile  Young  Birkmyre.  1 869. 
Hen.  Lowe.    1870. 
t  Franc.  Reynolds  Yonge  Rad- 

cliffe1.    1870. 

Gerald  Edwd.  Maude.    1870. 
Jon.  Edwd.  Melhuish 2.    1870. 
Vivian  Eccles  Skrine.    1870. 
t  Chas  Hen.  Lomax.    1870. 
Franc. Hindes  Groome s.  1870. 
Joh.  Warren  Barry.    1870. 
Edwd.  Vincent  Eyre.    1870. 
Walt.  Aubrey  Kidd.    1870. 
Edwd.    Beauchamp     Nelson. 

1870. 

StaceySoutherndenBurn.  1870. 
t  Nevil  Masterman.    1870. 
Wm.  Cabell  Rives.    1870. 
Joh.  Franc.  Waggett.    1870. 
t  Dan.  Vawdrey.   1871. 
t  Rob.  Harry    Monro   Elwes. 

1871. 


Wm.  Hen.  Peake.    1871. 

Wm.  Morrice.    1871. 

Jas.  Edwd.  Lestrange  Dawson. 

1871. 

Alex.  Macgregor.    1871. 
Wm.  Ern.  Russell.    1871. 
Jos.  Solomon4.    1871. 
t  Art.  Caynton  Radcliffe.  1872. 
Walt.  Otto  Goldschmidt.  1872. 
Hen.  Seton-Zarr5.    1872. 
Wm.  Anstice.    1872. 
Edwin  Art.  Bussell.    1872. 
+  Art.  Wm.  Rivington.    1872. 
Joh.  Stewart  Baird.    1872. 
Franc.  Rob.  Mercer.    1872. 
Franc.  Roger  Hodgson 6.  1873. 
Rob.  Hen.  Hill.    1873. 
t  Hugh  Edwd.  Egerton.    1873. 
HoweU  Wills.    1873. 
Gibbs  Payne  Crawfurd.    1873. 
Hen.  Bowles.    1873. 
Holcombe  Ingleby.    1873. 
Atherton  G  willy  m  Rawstorne. 

1873- 
Jas.  Bagnall  Bagnall  Oakeley. 

1873- 

*  Chas.  Wm.  Browning.    1874. 

*  Wm. Hen. Herb. Curtler.  1874. 
Douglass  Harry  Coghill7.  1874. 
Herb.   Joh.   Butler   Hollings. 

1874. 

t  Hen.  Campbell  Jenkins.  1874. 

Louis  Rob.  Meredith  Maxwell. 
1874. 

t  Stanley  Edwd.  Lane  Poole. 
1874. 

Sam.Edwd.ValpyFilleul.  1874. 

Hugh  Vaughan  Pears.    1875. 

Tho.  Davy  Hamilton  Foster. 
1875. 

Geo.  St.  John  Mildmay.    1875. 

Franc.  Rob.  Abingdon  Hamil- 
ton. 1875. 

Wm.  Dalrymple  Fanshawe  8. 
1875. 


1  Fellow  of  All  Souls.  2  Scholar  of  Wadham.  *  Postmaster  of 

Merton.  *  Scholar  of  Balliol.  5  M.P.  for  St.  Helen's.  6  Archdeacon 

of  Zanzibar.  *  Subsequently  Scholar.  7  Formerly  M.P.  for  Newcastle 

under  Lyme.  *  Scholar  of  Trinity. 


COMMONERS. 


Fred.   Edwd.  Whitter   Lang- 
don.    1875. 

Wm.  Geo.  Thistle1.    1875. 
Jas.  Ritchie.    1875. 
t  Sidney  Smith.    1875. 
Joh.  Mytton  Thorny  croft.  1875. 
Art.  Wm.  Woolcombe  Gordon. 

1876. 

Ern.  Murray  Blackburn.  1876. 
Joh.  Turner.    1876. 
Hen.  St.  Glair  Fielden.    1876. 
Edwd.  Aug.  Arnold2.    1876. 
tJoh.Kirkpatrick  Young.  1876. 
Art.  Duff.    1876. 
Bob.  Ellis  Cunliffe.    1876. 
Rob.  Weston  Cracroft 2.    1876. 
Malcolm  Heard.    1876. 
Chas.  Wm.  Hunt.    1876. 
t  Art.  Ant.  Macdonell.    1876. 
Rob.  Marshall  Middleton.  1876. 
t  Chas.  Jas.  Billson.    1877. 
Edwd.  Foley  Evans.    1877. 
Wm.  Hen.  Buckland.    1877. 
Franc.  Hen.  Toovey  Hawley. 

1877. 

Edwd.WyndhamHulme.  1877. 
t  Chas.  Hen.   Malcolm   Kerr. 

1877. 

t  Geo.  Anth.  King.    1877. 
Walt.  Joh.  Napier.    1877. 
t  Sy d.  Haldane  Olivier.    1877. 
Art.  Hill  Trevor.    1877. 
t  Frank  Ern.  Ward.    1877. 
Horatio  Gordon  Hutchinson. 

1878. 

Joh.  Pratt.    1878. 
t  Art.  Newton  Streatfeild.  1878. 
Geo.  Patrick  Chas.  Lawrence. 

1878. 

Reg.  Digby  Curtler.    1878. 
Walt.  Jas.  Haines.    1878. 
t  Edwd.  Franklin  Simpkinson. 

1878. 

Alf.  Burrows.    1878. 
Geo.  Herb.  Clark.    1878. 


Hen.  Franc.  Cockburn.    1878. 
Joh.  Highfleld  Leigh.    1878. 
Joh.Harbottle  Nicholson.  1878. 
Gerard  Saltren  Rogers.    1878. 
t  Chas.  Herb.  Tylee.    1878. 
tWm.  Hen.  Edwd.  Worship. 

1879. 

Harry  Northcote  Bales.    1879. 
Chas.  Hubert  Payne  Crawfurd. 

1879. 

Wm.  Cope.    1879. 
t  Ern.     Campbell     Lowndes. 

1879. 

Argent  Simmons.    1879. 
Gustav  Adolph  Bienemann3. 

1879. 

Hen.  Biddulph  Bush.    1879. 
t  Joh.  Hen.  Roskill.    1879. 
Edwd.   Chandos    Cholmonde- 

ley.    1879. 

t  Art.  Adams.    1879. 
Wm.  Joh.  Newton.    1879. 
Ern.  Edwd.  Keep.    1879. 
Herb.  Geo.  Underhill.    1879. 
tThos.  Wm.  Carr.    1880. 
Joh.  Theodore  Rogers.    1880. 
Chas.  Beard  Hatfleld  Harter. 

1880. 
Rob.  Walton  Williams  Wilson. 

1880. 

Leonard  Green.    1880. 
Art.  Dyson  Williams.    1880. 
Chas.  Tho.  Campion4.    1880. 
Langham  Carter.    1880. 
Ric.  Acker  ley.    1880. 
Jas.  Cole  Thorpe.    1880. 
Art.  Assheton  Ethelston.  1 88 1 . 
Ern.  Wollaston  Silver.    1881. 
Fred  Septimus  Myrtle.    1881. 
Jas.  Franc.  Hastings.    1881. 
Geo.  Harold  Lewis.    1881. 
tAlex.  Macdonald.    1881. 
Alex.  Edmund  Fraser.    1881. 
t  Geo.    Williamson    Wallace. 

1881. 


1  Scholar  of  Brasenose. 
Scholar  of  Oriel. 


Scholar  of  Hertford. 


3  Exhibitioner  of  Oriel. 


COMMONERS. 


449 


Joh.  Singleton  demons.   1881. 
Herb .  Andrews  P  owell.    1 8  8 1 . 
Gerald  Fred.  Hornby.    1881. 
Win.  Manning  Sproston  Spros- 

ton.    1882. 

Chas.  Walt.  Dunne.    1882. 
Franc.  Wm.  Crailsheim.    1882. 
Joh.  Newton  Beach.    1882. 
Godfrey  Mosley.    1882. 
Geo.  Kendall  Hext.    1882. 
tBen.  Mich.  Connal.    1882. 
Thos.  Birkett  Brown.   1882. 
Wm.  Castlehow.    1882. 
Tho.  Norman  Arkell.    1882. 
Joh.  Tho.  MitcheU.    1882. 
Jas.  Edwd.  Michell.    1882. 
Tho.  Mountford  Burnett.  1882. 
Clem.  Wm.  Haslewood  Griffith. 

1883. 

E versfl  eld  Eraser  Ke er  1 .  1883. 
t  Geo.  Hen.  Baker.    1883. 
Basil     Harrington     Soulsby. 

1883. 

Geo.  Ben.  Behrens.    1883. 
Percy  Smith.    1883. 
Steph.  Glynne  Williams.  1883. 
Percy      Scott     Worthington. 

1883. 
Randle  Fynes  Wilson  Holme. 

1883. 

Harry  Brock.    1883. 
Edwd.  Jas.  Morgan  Chaplin. 

1883. 

Wm.  Jas.  King.    1883. 
Loftus  Meade  Owen.    1883. 
Edwd.  Franc.  Biddell.    1883. 
Wm.  Hen.  Savigny.    1884. 
tEdwd.  Stanhope  Rashleigh. 

1884. 

Wm.  Hen.  Ellice.    1884. 
Edwd.  Oskar  Schneider.  1884. 
Jos.  Percy  Thomasin  Foster. 

1884. 
Joh.   Hen.    Herb.    Copleston. 

1884. 
Leonard  Cooper.    1884. 


Lewis  Pugh  EvansPugh.  1884. 
Hubert  Seymour  Arkwright. 

1884. 

Art.  Edwd.  Townshend.    1884. 
t  Joh.  Mere  Latham.    1885. 
Joh.  Sanders  Watney.    1885. 
Joh.  Gorges  Robinson.    1885. 
Kenneth  Edwd.  Milliken.  1885. 
Geo.  Allan  Duncan.    1885. 
Louis    Hilary     Shore-Smith. 

1885. 

Chas.  Hampton  Weekes.  1885. 
Joh.  Croydon  Caldicott.   1885. 
Joh.  Chapman  Andrew.    1885. 
Sidney  Beckwith.    1885. 
Ralph  Courtenay  Guy1.    1885. 
Chas.  Sibbald  Currie2.    1885. 
t  Leonard    Hamilton    White. 

1885. 

Chas.  Hen.  Turner.    1886. 
Arth.  Hen.  Caldicott.    1886. 
Herb.  Lyon.    1886. 
Guy      Tudor     Charlesworth. 

1886. 
Wilfrid   Seymour  Tupholme. 

1886. 

Wm.  Edwd.  James.    1886. 
Joh.  Hugh  Honey  wood  Allen. 

1886. 

Wm.  Russell.    1886. 
Phil.  Jas.  Ellis.    1886. 
Edwd.  Lethbridge  Kingsford. 

1886. 

Jas.  Marshall  Easton.  1886. 
Franc.  Herb.  Mowatt.  1886. 
Chas.  Hen.  Bramley  Firth. 

1886. 
Hen.  Edm.  Lavallin  Puxley. 

1886. 

Tho.  Harrison.    1886. 
Duncan  Albert  Muntz.    1886. 
Edwd.  Art.  Lamprill.    1886. 
Rob.  WaUis  Hunt.    1887. 
Franc.  Fretz  Southby.    1887. 
Hen.     Sigismund     Schwann. 

1887. 


Scholar  of  Hertford. 


2  Scholar  of  Brasenose. 


45° 


COMMONERS. 


Fred.  Joh.  Nettlefold.    1887. 
Art.  Louis  Todhunter.    1887. 
Wm.  Alex.  Ramsay.    1887. 
Evan  Bowen  Jones.   1887. 
Franc.  Gordon  Young.    1887. 
Leonard  Hughes.    1887. 
Fred.  Grueber  Thorne.    1887. 
Geo.  Herb.  Oakshott.    1887. 
Herbert    Newton  Wethered. 

1888. 

Beg.  Wm.  Lund.    1888. 
Alf.  Leigh  Briscoe.    1888. 
Walt.  Francis.    1888. 
Wm.  Egerton.    1888. 
Arnold    Thewlis    Thompson. 

1888. 

t Rob.  Leslie  Dunbabin.  1888. 
Alan  De  Lancy  Curwen.  1889. 
Edwd.  Everard  Earle  Welby. 


Leslie  Fraser  Standish  Hore. 

1889. 
Edwd.  Thornton  Hill  Lawes. 

1889. 
Ric.    Eden    St.  Aubyn    Ark- 

wright.    1889. 

Harry  Grant  Thorold.   1889. 
Isaac  Sparrow.    1889. 
Art.  Chas.  Gates.    1889. 
Cecil  Edwd.  WeigaU.    1 889. 
Wm.  Ferdinand  Kirton.  1889. 


Fred.  Earle  d'Anyers  Willis. 

1889. 

Sidney  Jos.  Lowenthal.    1890. 
Edwd.  Nares  Henning.    1890. 
Art.  Watson  Smith.    1890. 
Fred.  Joh.  Speke.    1890. 
Andre  wJohnstoneFyfe.  1890. 
Adalbert  Emil  Aug.Wahl.  1890. 
Ern.  Wynn- Williams.    1890. 
David  Ambrose  Jones.    1890. 
Chas.  Vesey  Hives.    1890. 
Jas.  Bellord  Waldron.    1890. 
Geo.  Erskine  Jackson.    1891. 
Fred.  Monro  Raikes.    1891. 
Rob.  Furley  Callaway.    1891. 
Joh.  Larden  Williams.    1891. 
Hen.  Lloyd  Arnould.    1891. 
Cecil  Bolton  Caldicott.    1891. 
Ric.StainesArrowsmith.  1891. 
CarrickRansomeDeakin.  1 89 1 . 
Evelyn  d'Anyers  Willis.  1892. 
Chas.  Fred.  Maitland  Maxwell. 

1892. 
Rob.  de  Mowbray  Matterson. 

1892. 

Reg.  Franc.  Wilson.    1892. 
Steph.  Verner  Purcell.    1892. 
Hen.     Noel     Winterbotham. 

1892. 

Fred.  Wm.  Worsey.    1892. 
Bruno  Geoffrey  Clauss.    1892. 


MASTERS  OF  ARTS  INCORPORATED. 

1882.  Alfred  Allinson  Bourne,  M.A.,  St.  John's  Coll.,  Cambridge. 
1886.  John  Massie,  M.A.,  St.  John's  Coll.,  Cambridge. 


STUDENTS    NOT   ALREADY    NOTICED. 

List  of  persons  known  to  have  been  members  of  C.C.C.,  but 
whose  names  do  not  occur,  as  students,  in  the  Registers,  But- 
tery Books,  or  Fulman's  Lists. 

Robert  Pursglove  (p.  87).  A.W.  Ath.,  and  inscription  in  Tides- 
well  Church,  Derbyshire,  d.  1579. 

(Nicholas  Wadham,  d.  1609,  supposed.     See  pp.  101,  2.) 

Edward  Somerset,  K.G.,  fourth  Earl  of  Worcester.    See  p.  156. 

Higfords,  father  and  grandfather  of  Wm.  Higford.  Comm.  1596. 
p.  156. 

Edward  Rainbow,  Bp.  of  Carlisle,   p.  184. 

The  above  names  occur  neither  in  the  College  nor  in  the  Univer- 
sity Books. 

The  following  occur  in  the  Matriculation  Registers,  but  not  in  any 
of  the  official  College  Books  or  Fulman's  Lists. 

156|  (from  list x  of  62  members  of  the  College  at  that  date,  in- 
cluding Servants) — 

Sam.  Becke.  Probably  Chorister.  Alan  Brooks.  Prob.  Commoner. 
Jon.  Browne.  Prob.  Commoner.  Bic.  Greneway.  Prob.  Com- 
Tho.  Haddon.  Prob.  Commoner.  moner. 

After  the  eight  Famuli  Collegii  probably  come  three  Servitors,  namely : 

Thomas  Wethered.      John  Bartley.       Richard  Ambrose. 

1573.   George  Lysiman.    Dan-  1581.  Lovelace  Mercer,   g.  f. 

tiscanus  Borussusque.  Ric.  Heydon.   pi.  f. 

?1581.Rob.Allatte2.  g.f.  (Psame  Hen.  Segrave.   pi.  f. 

as  Robert  Allott.    Disc.  Renold( Reg.) Brian. pi. f. 

1576.)  Franc.  Burrowes.   pi.  f. 

1581.  Ric.  Fowlar.   g.  f.  Rob.  Harland.   pi.  f. 

1  For  the  names  taken  from  this  List  and  from  the  Matriculation  Registers  down 
to  1622,  see  Clark's  Register,  vol.  ii.  part  ii,  Oxf.  Hist.  Soc.,  1887.     The  remaining 
names  have  been  copied  by  myself  from  the  Matriculation  Registers. 

2  I  have  retained  the  designation  of  condition  which  is  almost  invariably  a 
portion  of  the  entry  in  the  Matriculation  Books,  as  e.g.  pi.  f.,  cler.  f.,  gen.  f.,  arm. 
f.,  &c.     These  designations  are  useful  as  determining  the  probable  status  in  the 
College  of  the  person  to  whose  name  they  are  affixed.     Thus  a  gentleman-com- 
moner would  certainly  not  be  pi.  f.  or  paup.  f.,  and  probably  only  very  rarely 
cler.  f.     A  Clerk  or  Chorister  would  probably  never  be  arm.  f.      On  the  other 
hand,  probably  almost  all  those  students  who  are  designated  paup.  or  paup.  f., 
several  of  those  designated  pi.  f.,  and  possibly  even  a  few  of  those  designated  cler.  f., 
were  Servitors,  or  more  rarely  '  famuli  Collegii.'     Many  of  the  names  are  probably 
those  of  '  Battelers,'  a  class  of  students  whose  names  would  not  occur  in  any  of  the 
official  Books  (though  they  probably  always  appeared  in  the  less  formal  Battel 
Books),  and  whose  status  in  the  College  was  probably  intermediate  between  that  of 
the  Scholars  and  Servitors.     Cp.  pp.  259-60,  279-80.      Of  course,  no  names  of 
Scholars  or  Fellows  occur  in  this  list,  as  there  is  a  complete  record  of  them  in  the 
College  Registers. 

Gg  2 


452 


STUDENTS  NOT  ALREADY  NOTICED. 


1581.  Job.  Middleton 1   pi.  f.         1601. 
Dav.  Jones,   pi.  f.  1602. 
Dudley   Fitz-garret    (or 

Garrette) 2.   arm.  f. 

1582.  Hen.  Browne,    g.  f. 

Vincent  Bryan,   g.  f.  1604. 

Joh.  Fortescue.   a.  f. 
Barth.  Sewarde.   pi.  f. 
Ric.  Humphreys,   cl.  f. 

1584.  Chris.  Winter,   pi.  f.  1606. 
Bic.  Purifey.   g.  f.                 1607. 

1585.  Augustine     Sherborne. 

pl.f. 

1586.  Geoffry  Culme.    pi.  f.        -  1608. 
Rob.  Basalye  (Baseyle). 

pi.  f.  1609. 

Sam.  Wallis.  pi.  f. 

1587.  Joh.  Badcoke.   pi.  f. 

Simon  Badcoke.    pi.  f.          1610. 
Rob.  Blakeden.   g.  f. 

1589.  Edw.  Keat.   g.  f. 

1590.  Joh.  Marten,   pi.  f. 
Chas.  Townsende.   pi.  f. 

1591.  Joh.  Ridgway.   a.  f.  1611. 
Geo.  Browne,  pi.  f. 

Tho.  Browne,   g.  f. 
Gabriel  Honifould.  pi.  f. 

1594.  Edw.  Hayes,    pi.  f.  1615. 
Edm.  Holcombe.   pi.  f. 

Jas.  Collard.   pi.  f. 
Tho.  Richardes.   pi.  f. 
Dav.  Davies.    pi.  f. 

1595.  Joh.  Everton.   pi.  f. 

1596.  Mich.  Pindar,    cl.  f. 
Ric.  Allin.    pi.  f. 
Ric.  Todkill.    pi.  f. 
Hen.  Horner.   arm.  f. 

1597.  Joh.  Hammonde.   pi.  f. 
Rob.  Orme.   g.  f. 

Joh.  Mayowe.   pi.  f. 

1598.  Joh.  Hooker,   g.  f.  1616. 
Hen.  Hawker,   g.  f. 

Wm.  Tegge.   pi.  f. 


Franc.  Finch 3.    eq.  f. 

Joh.  Woollams  (or  Wil- 
liams), pi.  f. 

Edw.  Haines.   pi.  f. 

Tho.  Martin,   pi.  f. 

Joh.  Bishopp.    cl.  f. 

Ric.  Stafford,    arm.  f. 

Ed.  or  Edm. Vaughan.  pl.f. 

Phil.  Markley.   g.  f. 

Hen.  Dodd.   cl.  f. 

Rob.  Davis,   pi.  f. 

Franc.  Pettye.   g.  f. 

Harcourt  Pettye.    g.  f. 

Nic.  Richardson,   g.  f. 

Tho.  Whittingham.  g.  f. 

Tho.  Aston,   g.  f. 

Joh.  Ruddle,   pi.  f. 

Franc.  Ashby  *.    eq.  f. 

Joh.  Collins,    pi.  f. 

Wm.  Francklin.   pi.  f. 

Wm.  Hardinge.   pi.  f. 

Tho.  Littlefeild.   pi.  f. 

Jos.  Scryven.   pi.  f. 

Jas.  Gundrye.  pl.f.  paup. 
sch. 

Jeremy  Dobson.    cl.  f. 

Hen.  Crosdaylle.   cl.  f. 

Tho.  Willcox.   pi.  f. 

Hugh  Berriman.   pi.  f. 

Edm.  Coles,    cl.  f. 

Joh.  Deynaunt.    pi.  f. 

Joh.  Evans,   pi.  f. 

Ric.  Facy.   pi.  f. 

Ric.  Laughtenhouse.  pi.  f. 

Joh.  Mason,   pi.  f. 

Wm.  Okely.   pi.  f. 

Sam.  Trolman.   g.  f. 

Tho.  Watts,   cl.  f. 

Nathaniel Arundell.  cl.f. 

Ric.  Stringer,   pi.  f. 

Edw.  Bampfeilde.  eq. 
aur.  f. 

Rob.  Kidwell.   g.  f. 


1  This  John  Middleton  occurs  in  the  Index  at  the  end  of  vol.  xi  of  the  Fulman 
MSS.,  as  '  Obsonator  '  or  Manciple,  1582.  2  ?  M.P.  for  Bridport.  F.  3  M.P. 
for  Eye  in  four  Parliaments.  F.  There  is  a  Francis  Finch,  mentioned  by  Fulman, 
with  the  date  1609.  Probably  it  was  the  same  person  as  this,  and  the  date  may 
refer  to  some  year  in  which  he  '  batteled.'  4  Created  Knight  and  Baronet. 


STUDENTS  NOT  ALREADY  NOTICED. 


453 


1616.  Ric.  Daukin.    pi.  f.  1625. 

1617.  Wm.  Wilmotte.   cl.  f. 

1618.  Rob.  Baker,   pi.  f.  1626. 
Henoch  Stephens,   cl.  f. 

Rob.  Mason,   pi.  f. 

1619.  Rob.  Hatton.    cl.  f. 
Job.  Dickenson.  pi.  f. 
Ric.  Crosdale.   pi.  f. 
Leonard  Dar(e).  arm.  f. 
Joh.  Hawker,   pi.  f. 
Stephen  Rose.   pi.  f. 
Rob.  Williams,    arm.  f. 

1620.  Geo.  Hughes,   pi.  f.  1627. 
Joh.  Robinson,   cl.  f. 

Ric.  Robinson,   cl.  f. 
Wm.  Ringe.   pi.  f. 
Ric.  Evetts.   pi.  f. 

1621.  Joh.  Shute.    pi.  f.  1628. 
Edw.  Cole.   pi.  f. 

Ric.  Allen,   doct.  f. 

Wm.  Barcroft.   cl.  f.  1631. 

Wm.  Chidlowe.   g.  f. 

Tho.  Swinnerton.   pi.  f. 

Joh.  Burden,   pi.  f. 

Ric.  Shayler.   pi.  f. 

Ric.  Willis,   pi.  f. 

Tho.  Hill.    pi.  f. 

Edw.  Isham  l.   pi.  f. 

1622.  Phil.  Pregion.   g.  f. 

1623.  Joh.  Carter,   g.  f. 
Geo.  Woodcocke.   g.  f. 
Simeon  Wrench.  sacer.2f.      1633 
Pet.  Sainthill.   pi.  f. 

Joh.  Rose.   pi.  f.  1634 

Edw.  Page.   g.  f. 

Tho.  Bradford,  sac.f.aet.  12. 

1624.  Joh.  Smith,   pi.  f. 
Clem.   Johnson,    manci- 

palisColl.D.Jo.Bapt.  f. 
Gul.  Barksdale.   pi.  f. 
Gul.  Halhed.   pi.  f. 
Tho.  Bridgman.   mil.  f. 


Joh.  Turner,   pi.  f. 
Edm.  Holford.    pi.  f. 
Gul.  Bisse.   sac.  f. 
Tho.  Dundeaux.   pi.  f. 
Tho.   Hughes,   fil.     Hu- 

gonis  Lewis,   pi. 
Gul.  Hall.  sac.  f. 
Gul.  Dudley,   pi.  f. 
Hen.  Thompson,  pi.  f. 
Joh.  MuUett.   pi.  f. 
Hen.    Oxenden.     arm.  f. 

A.  W.    Ath. 
Tho.  Thurston.   g.  f. 
Joh.  Facer,    sac.  f. 
Ant.  Lucy.   pi.  f. 
Rob.  Blackston.   g.  f. 
Jos.  Barker,   pi.  f.3 
Tho.  Prior,  pi.  f. 
Gul.  Chippendale,   a.  f. 
Car.  Cox.   arm.  f. 
Sam.  Davison.   arm.  f. 
Geo.  Clarke,   pi.  f. 
Hen.  Newlyn.   pi.  f. 
Tho.  Robins,   pi.  f. 
Rob.  Bacon,   pi.  f. 
Joh.  Longford,   pi.  f. 
Bamfeild  Sydnham.  g.  f. 
Rob.  Sandys,   mil.  f. 
Hen.  Wrench,   sac.  f. 
Ed.  Wells,  pi.  f. 
JEgid.  Bingley.   pi.  f. 
Geo.  Fowler,   pi.  f. 
Franc. Anderson4,  arm.f. 
Ric.  Potter,   sac.  f. 
Hen.  Allen,   pi.  f. 
Pet.  Cole.   pi.  f. 
Humf.  RandoU.   pi.  f. 
Gul.  Platt.   pi.  f. 
Cutbert.  Carre,   arm.  f. 
Ph.  Malorie.   decani  f. 
Tho.  Jackson,   pi.  f. 
Bart.  Yeo.   g.  f. 


1  This  is  the  last  name  taken  from  Clark's  Register.     From  this  point  onwards 
I  have  extracted  the  names  myself  from  the  Matriculation  Registers.  "  It  is 

curious  to  notice  the  introduction  of  the  word  sacerdotis  instead  of  clerici.    Presently, 
from  the  opposite  side,  we  shall  have  ministri.  3  There  are  probably  some 

omissions  after  this  entry.     The  next  page  is  left  blank.          *  Sir  F.  A.     M.P.  for 
Newcastle  on  Tyne. 


454 


STUDENTS  NOT  ALREADY  NOTICED. 


1634.  Bic.  Burney.   g.  f.    A.W. 

Ath. 
Gul.  Evans,   fil.    Evani 

Williams,   pi.  f. 
Pet.  Eliott.   sac.  f. 
Job.  Pell.   pi.  f. 
Mich.  Smyth,    sac.  f. 
Tho.  Ashfleld.    pi.  f. 
Nich.  Fabian,   pi.  f. 
Edw.  Browne,   g.  f. 
Joh.  Stought.   pi.  f. 
Geo.  Chandois.    Baro  de 

Castro  Shudley 1. 
Ant.  Dyott 2.   arm.  f. 
Edw.  Darell.    mil.  f. 
Bic.  Coldham.   g.  f. 
Hen.  Ball.    sac.  f. 
Gul.  Tray.   pi.  f. 
Gul.  Lloyd,   pi.  f. 
Hen.  Hopkins,   pi.  f. 

1635.  Sam.  Baymond.   g.  f. 
Tho.  Sandys 3.   eq.  f. 
Franc.  Hodgson,  pi.  f. 
Tho.  Clar(k)son.    sac.  f. 
Sam.  Crumlum.     sac.  f. 

<P-  J93-> 

Savage  Grymes.   pi.  f. 
Gul.  Martyn.   g.  f. 
Nic.  Clarke,   pi.  f. 
Nic.  Todd.   g.  f. 
Ant.  Budd.   Bart.  f. 

1636.  Gul.  Cartar.   sac.  f. 
Joh.  Phelpes.   pi.  f. 
Jac.  Jackson,   pi.  f. 
Gul.  Webb.   pi.  f. 
Gul.  Croft,   pi.  f. 
Gul.  Bogan.   g.  f. 

1637.  Gul.  Masters,    pi.  f. 


1637.  Joh.  Norton 4.   Bart.  f. 
Gul.  Burgenye.    pi.  f. 
Bob.   Frampton.      pi.   f. 

<p.  193.)    A.W.    Ath. 
Joh.  Trosse.   sac.  f. 

1638.  Phil.  Yate.   pi.  f. 
Geo.  Blackaller.  pi.  f. 
Joh.  Salvin.   g.  f. 

Gul.  Bridges5.  Baronis.  f. 
Joh.  Parkhurst.   pi.  f. 

1639.  Geo.  Sly.   pi.  f.  set.  12. 
Bic.  Powell,   pi.  f. 
Bob.  Greene,   pi.  f. 
Gualt.  Gray.   g.  f. 

Joh.  Coke.    ep.  Hereford 

f.   set.  27. 
Jonathan  Archard.  pi.  f. 

p.  P-6 

Sam.  Morton,   sac.  f. 
Pet.  Bunworth.  pl.f.  p.  p. 

1640.  Pet.  Bradford,   g.  f. 
Nich.  Harris,   pi.  f. 
Joh.  Lenthall 7.    a.  f. 

1641.  Jac.  Brockman.     mil.  f. 

1642.  Hen.  Munday.   pi.  f. 
Theod.  Gary.    g.  f. 
Sam.  Higginson.  pi.  f. 
Tho.  Cooper,   pi.  f. 
Geo.  Parsons,  pi.  f. 
Sam. Ladiman.  pl.f.  serv. 

1643.  Bob.  Bargrave.   doct.  f. 
Gul.  Hughes,   pi.  f. 
Bic.  Fletcher,   min.  f. 

1647.  Bic.  Immings.  cl.  f. 
81650.  Nath.  Mansfeild.  pi.  f. 

Edm.  Condie.  serv. 
1651.  Obadiah  Bourne,  min.  f. 

Badulph.  Bancks.   serv. 


1  6th  Baron,   {p.  194.)     See  Foster,  under  George  Brydges.  2  Major  in  the 

Royal  Forces.     M.P.  for  Lichfield.    F.  3  ?  M.P.  for  Gatton.  *  M.P.  for 

Hants  and  Petersfield.  5  7th  Baron.   F.   {p.  194.)  6  p.  p.  =  pauper  puer, 

or  pauper  simply.  Students  matriculating  under  this  designation  paid  no  matri- 
culation fee,  and,  probably,  were  almost  invariably  servants  or  servitors.  See 
p.  260,  n.  i.  7  (pp.  193-4.)  Son  of  Speaker  Lenthall.  M.P.  for  Gloucester 

and  Abingdon.  Created  Kt.  and  Bart.  Sometime  Governor  of  Windsor  Castle. 
8  From  1648  to  1660,  our  only  authority  for  University  Matriculations  is  the  Bedel's 
Book  of  Fees,  which  gives  the  name  and  condition,  but  not  the  parentage  or 
age.  From  1648  onwards,  the  names  contained  in  the  University  Books  which  are 
unrepresented  in  the  College  Books  become  fewer  than  previously. 


STUDENTS  NOT  ALREADY  NOTICED. 


455 


1651.  Josephus  May.   pi.  f.  1687. 

1652.  Tim.  Langly.   serv. 
Jac.  Bradshaw.   serv. 

1661.  Arth.  Puntaeus  '.   g.  f.  1690. 

1662.  Job.  Darell?.    arm.  f.  1692. 

1664.  Joh.  Heddenton.   pi.  f. 
Ebenezer       Fournesse. 

pps.  f.  (  =  pauperis  fil.) 

1665.  Eodolph.  Egerton.   g.  f.        1693. 
Joh.  Foote.  pp8.  f. 

Joh.  Pumfritt.   pp8.  f. 

Joh.  Coppock.   pi.  pp8.  f.      1694. 

1666.  Sam. Williams,   pi.  pps.f,     1699. 
Gul.  Bett.    pi.  f.  1700. 
Ant.  Robinson,  min.  f.         17O1. 

1668.  Dan.  Rosewell.   pps.  f.          1702. 
Ric.  HaU.   pi.  f. 

1669.  Steph.  Thorpe,   min.  f.         1703. 

1670.  Josias  Weyman.   pi.  f.          1704. 

1671.  Chris.  Bond.   pp8.  f. 

1673.  Ric.  Payton.   pi.  f. 

1674.  Joh.  Boswell.    pi.  f.  1705. 
Joh.  Werge.   cl.  f. 

Tho.  Berwick,   pi.  f.  1707. 

1676.  Geo.  Stoner  (?  s).   pp.  f. 

1677.  Ric.  Souch.    pi.  f. 
Joh.  Bradley,   pp.  f. 

1678.  Sam.  Loxton.   pp.  f.  1708. 

1680.  Tho.  Grosvenor.   pi.  f.         1709. 
Rob.  Ashburne.   pp.  f. 

Ric.  Wood.   g.  f. 
Joh.  Greenway.   pi.  f. 

1681.  Ric.  Glyde.   cl.  f.  1710. 
Nulin  Cossens.  pi.  f.  1714. 

1682.  Gul.  Hockin.  pi.  f.  1715. 

1683.  Ric.  Cleare.   cl.  f. 
Edm.  Byron,   pp.  f. 
Edm.  Smith,   cl.  f. 

Fidelis  Cape,   pauper.  1716. 

Joh.  Clifton,   pi.  f.  1717. 

1684.  Tho.  Berkenhead.   pp.  f. 

1685.  Gul.  Ford.   cl.  f.  1718. 


Ric.  Fiddis.    pi.  f.    (pp. 

259-60.) 

Gul.  Hinde.   cl.  f. 
Edw.  Henninge.  pi.  f. 
Car.  Wereworth.   pi.  f. 
Jac.  Metford.  f.    Jac.  M. 

Basingham.    Line.  cl. 

(see  pp.  202-3,  &c-) 
Rob.  Hindley.  pp.  f. 
Arundelus  Raines.    23. 

pl.f. 

Geo.  Hayward.   g.  f. 
Gul.  HaU.   g.  f. 
Gualt.  Long  Clark,   g.  f. 
Edw.  Acton,   cl.  f. 
Gul.  Jorden.  cl.  f. 
Joh.  King.   cl.  f. 
Joh.  Edwards,   g.  f. 
Joh.  Winsor.   pi.  f. 
Ric.  Bulleine.   g.  f. 
Edw.  Holdsworth.    cl.  f. 
Vincent  Pomfrett.   cl.  f. 
Gul.  Robings.   pi.  f. 
Hugo  Wallington.    pi.  f. 
Ric.  Parkes.   pi.  f. 
Jonathan  Soan.  pi.  f. 
Ric.  Cotton,   pi.  f. 
Tho.  Pearce.  pi.  f. 
Joh.  Sargeant.   pi.  f. 
Tho.  Latter,   cl.  f. 
Gul.  Griffin,   pi.  f. 
Gul.  Edwards,   pi.  f.3 
Ed.  Edwards,   pi.  f.s 
Aldernus  Batten,   g.  f.4 
Joh.  Broadway,   pi.  f. 
Josias  Pomfrett.   cl.  f. 
Joh.  Woodford.  pi.  f. 
Joh.  Oakeley.   cl.  f. 
Phil.  Sone.   cl.  f. 
Hugo  Evans,   cl.  f. 
Rob.  Harvey,   cl.  f. 
Joh.  Hutchins.   cl.  f. 


1  Son   of  John  Puntseus,    a   celebrated  Italian  physician  living  at  Salisbury. 

2  M.P.  for  Rye  and  Maidstone.    Created  a  Knight.    He  was  doubtless  a  Gentleman- 
Commoner,  but  the  Buttery  Books  from  Oct.,  1659,  to  Oct.,  1664,  are  missing. 

3  One  of  these  two  was  a  Chorister.     See  list  of  Choristers.  *  Entered  in 
Foster's  Early  Series  as  Arden  Battine. 


456  STUDENTS  NOT  ALREADY  NOTICED. 

1721.  Jac.  Wells,   g.  f.1  1733.  Job.  Mather,   doct.  f. 

1722.  Sam.  Purlewent.   pi.  f.  1734.  Tho.  Kingsman.   cl.  f. 

1723.  Joh.  Rogers,    g.  f.  Jo.  Westcott.   cl.  f. 
Matth.  Nicholas,   cl.  f.2                   Reynell  Cotton,   cl.  f. 

1725.  Gul.  Wise.   arm.  f.  1735.  Ric.  Edwards,   pi.  f. 
Mich.  Barrett,   cl.  f.  Car.  Moore,   pi.  f. 

1726.  Joh.  Coke.    pi.  f.    13.  1736.  Geo.  Stuckey.   pi.  f. 

1727.  Gul.  Sclater.   cl.  f.  Joh.  Wickham.   pi.  f. 
Dan.  Chadsley.   g.  f.  Gul.  Jeffreys,   cl.  f. 
Joh.  Colbrook.   g.  f.  Tho.  Obourn.   pi.  f. 

1732.  Gul  Ashweek(ick).  g.  f.  Josslin  Brown,    cl.  f. 

1733.  Tho.  Coombs,   pi.  f. 

From  this  time  onwards  the  names  in  the  University  Matriculation 
Books  and  the  College  Buttery  Books  strictly  correspond.  It  may  be 
inferred  from  this  fact  that  henceforth  no  students  were  received  except 
such  as  were  recognised  by  the  Statutes  in  force  for  the  time  being. 

1  The  names  from  Wells  to  Ashwick  inclusive  are  found  in  the  College  Battel 
Books,  of  which  no  less  than  eight  belonging  to  this  period  are  still  extant. 
These  were  unofficial  books  containing  accounts  of  the  'battels'  or  general  ex- 
penditure of  all  the  actual  members  of  the  College,  and  often  included  names 
which  were  not  entered  in  the  more  formal  and  official  Buttery  Books,  confined  to 
members  of  the  College  whose  status  was  recognised  in  the  Statutes.  These  eleven 
students,  therefore,  seem  to  have  been  either  ordinary  Commoners,  as  distin- 
guished from  '  Gentlemen-Commoners,'  or  more  probably  '  Battelers.'  And  an 
inspection  of  the  list  will  show  that  the  same  must  have  been  the  case  with  the 
majority  of  those  here  enumerated  from  the  Restoration  onwards.  See  pp.  259-60, 
279-80.  The  list  also,  of  course,  contains  the  names  of  servitors,  and,  possibly, 
of  a  few  '  famuli  Collegii.'  See  p.  260.  2  Fellow  of  Magdalen,  (pp.  279-80.) 


LISTS   OF    FAMULI    COLLEGII. 

It  must  be  borne  in  mind  that  these  lists  are  not  continuous.  In 
some  cases  there  are  large  gaps,  as  the  notices  are  not  contained  in 
any  single  record  and  are  often  very  sporadic.  They  are  collected 
from  the  early  Registers,  the  Index  in  the  Fulman  MSS.,  vol.  xi, 
Allen's  List  referred  to  on  pp.  423,  426,  a  small  folio  volume  containing 
attestations  to  oaths  taken  by  Chaplains,  Clerks,  and  Servants,  from 
1688  to  1852,  some  other  documents  in  which  a  few  isolated  names 
occur,  and  recent  information. 

For  some  account  of  the  status  and  duties  of  the  under-mentioned 
officers  and  servants,  I  must  refer  the  reader  back  to  pp.  43,  48-9,  and 
212-213. 

CLERICI  COMPUTI 

(Clerks  of  Accompt,  sometimes  designated  Stewards). 

Trubb,  Trobe,  or  Trubbe1,  1  546.      Rob.  Newlyn  6. 

Ric.  Rawbone2,  1555.  Job.  How7,  1648. 

Joyner  {?  Richard)3,  1557.  Tho.  Rowney,  1653  8. 

Rob.  Englefield,  1582.  Herb.  Beaver,  M.A.,  1716. 

Wm.  Dewey4,  M.A.,  1623.  Tho.  Brewer9,  1768. 

Rob.  Aisley5,  1635.  Jon.  Walker,  1770. 

Wm.  Seymour,  1637.  Wm.  Elias  Taunton,  1793. 

(When  Sir  W.  E.  Taunton  died,  it  was  resolved  at  a  meeting,  held 
on  Oct.  10,  1825,  to  discontinue  the  office  and  provide  for  the  per- 
formance of  the  duties  in  some  other  way.  See  p.  315.) 

OBSONATORES  (Manciples). 

Ric.  Yardeley,  1544.  Wm.  Gee,  1763. 

Joh.  Tattersall,  1560.  Joh.  Green,  1800. 

Hum.  Morrice,  1566.  Joh.  Holliday,  1839. 

Joh.  Middleton  10,  1582.  Moses  Holliday  1S,  1844. 

Tho.  Croysdall,  1603.  Joh.  Ivory  Holliday,  1867. 

Tho.  Seymo<e)rn,  1624.  Matt.  Ridley14,  1868. 

Joh.  Langley12,  1648.  Philip  Wm.  Margetts,  1886 
Joh.  Hester, 


1  Probably  he  had  successively  held  the  offices  of  Promus  and  Fam.  Prses. 

2  Probably  a  former  Fam.  Prses.  3  See  p.  no  &c.  of  this  work.  *  De- 
signated as   'Cler.  Comp.  et  Senescallus  omnium   maneriorum  et  dominiornm 
spectantium  ad  C.  C.  C.,'  &c.               5  Formerly  Fam.  Prses.               6  Expelled  by 
Parliamentary  Visitors,  Oct.  2,  1  648  (Burrows).   Designated  as  '  Steward.'         7  Ap- 
pointed by  Parliamentary  Visitors,  Oct.  2,  1648.        8  It  is  stated  by  Joshua  Reynolds 
^see   p.  233)  that  Robert  Newlyn  was  re-appointed  at  the  Restoration;  but,  as  he 
makes  an  undoubted  mistake  with  regard  to  Bowden  (see  p.  459\  his  authority  is 
doubtful.          '  Was  he  the  same  as  the  T.  B.  appointed  Chaplain,  Dec.  20,  1  764  ? 
10  Matric.  Nov.  28,  1581.          u  Expelled  by  Parl.  Vis.  on  Oct.  2,  1648  (Burrows). 
18  Appointed  by  Parl.  Vis.         u  Mr.  Holliday,  during  part  of  his  tenure,  held  also 
the  newly-constituted  office  of  Bailiff,  which  has  been  since  abolished.            u  The 
offices  of  Manciple  and  First  Cook  were  now  combined. 


FAMULI  COLLEGII. 


PROMI  (Butlers). 


Trubbe1,  1533. 
Job.  Baker,  1544. 
Job.  TatersaU2,  1546. 
Hum.  Morrice,  1560. 
Dotson,  1564. 
Bartclay,  1566. 
Joh.  Wrighton,  1582. 
Barth.  Summerscales. 

ably  about  1600. 
Tho.  Vallance,  1603. 
Francis  Evans,  1608. 
Joh.  Collins,  1618. 
Tho.  Newman 3,  1627. 


Prob- 


Joh.  Parnes,  Parne,  or  Parry  4. 
Nathaniel  Wells  5,  1648. 
Jas.  Man  6,  1660. 
Alex.  Pottiphar,  17 if. 
Rob.  Atwood,  1724. 
Win.  Green,  172^. 
Wm.  Bradley,  i7§£. 
Isaac  Parsons,  1757. 
Wm.  Morris,  1785. 
Wm.  Rogers,  1827. 
Joh.  Holliday,  1863. 
Edwin  Moody,  1875. 


COQUI  PRINCIPALES  (Head  Cooks). 


Joh.  Falkner,  1533. 

Luke,  1542. 

Hen.  Godstow,  1546. 

Wm.  Webster,  1558. 

Joh.  Gylbert7,  1558. 

Dan.  Aletter,  1567. 

Joannes  Warriner 8,  1589. 

Joh.  Hill  \ 

Wm.  Adams10,  1648. 


Hen.  Price  u. 

Tho.  Wardway,  1730. 

Joh.  Allen,  1766. 

Joh.  Brown,  1784. 

Rob.  James,  1801. 

Joh.  Holliday,  1828. 

Joh.  Turfey,  1839. 

Matt.  Ridley12,  1868. 

Phil.  Wm.  Margetts,  1886. 


SUBCOQUI,  COQUI  JUNIORES  (Second  Cooks). 

These  servants,   though   reckoned  among  the  '  Famuli  Collegii/ 
changed  so  frequently,  that  I  do  not  think  it  necessary  to  give  any 

1  Afterwards  Fam.  Prses.  and  then  Cler.  Comp. 

2  There  is  considerable  difficulty  with  regard  to  this  name,  as  given  in  the  College 
Register.     In  the  Index  contained  in  the  Fulman  MS.,  there  occurs,  in  Fulman's 
own   handwriting,  besides  the  entry  'Joh.  Tattersall  Promus,   1546,'  the  entry, 
separated  from  it  at  some  distance,  'Joh.  Totersall  ad  offic.  Parvum  jurat,     v.  infr. 
35  Henr.  8.  Mai.  4'  (i.  e.  May  4, 1543).     This  entry,  no  doubt,  is  taken  from  one  in 
the  College  Register,  written  in  a  by  no  means  legible  hand.     I  do  not  think  there 
is  any  doubt  about  the  name  '  Johannes  totersall,'  but  the  word  after  'officium'  is 
by  no  means  clear,  and  might,  I  think,  be  read  '  promi.'     If  Fulman's  reading 
'  parvnm '  be  correct,  I  suppose  it  must  refer  to  a  subordinate  office  of  some  kind 
or  other,  perhaps  that  of  Under  Butler. 

3  Appointed  to  execute  the  office,  the  stipend  given  being  y.  ^d.  per  term,  besides 
clothes  and  living  (p.  423).     He  was  admitted  to  the  office  itself  in  1629. 

4  Mentioned  as  removed  from  his  office  by  Parl.  Vis.,  Oct.  2,  1648  (Burrows). 

5  Appointed  by  Parl.  Vis.,  Oct.  3,  1648.         *  Appointed  by  Royal  Commissioners 
Head  Butler,  Aug.  n,  1660.          7  Killed  by  falling  from  a  stage  in  Ch.  Ch.  Hall, 
at  the  performance  of  a  Play  acted  before  Queen  Elizabeth  in  1566.     See  A.  Wood, 
Annals,  sub  anno.         8  Written  for  him.          9  Mentioned  as  removed  by  the  Parl. 
Vis.,  Oct.  2,  1648  (Burrows).  10  Appointed  by  Parl.  Vis.,  Oct.  3,  1648. 
11  Appointed  by  Royal  Commissioners,  Aug.  u,  1660.  13  The  offices  of  First 
Cook  and  Manciple  were  now  combined. 


FAMULI  COLLEGII.  459 

enumeration  of  them,  except  to  mention  those  who  gained  or  suffered 
by  the  political  vicissitudes  of  the  seventeenth  century : — 

Hen.  Price,  Jun.  Cook,  removed  by  the  Parl.  Vis.,  Oct.  2,  1648 
(Burrows). 

Edwd.  Hawes,  appointed  by  Parl.  Vis.,  Oct.  3,  1648. 

Job.  Adams,  appointed  by  the  Royal  Commissioners,  Aug.  1 1, 1660. 

JANITOBES  (Porters). 

As  the  Porters  were  assigned  the  threefold  duty  of  attending  to  the 
gates,  acting  as  barbers,  and  making  the  wax  candles  necessary  for 
the  use  of  the  College,  I  have  included  under  the  head  of  '  Jani- 
tores '  those  servants  who  are  described  as  '  Tonsores,'  distinguishing 
them,  however,  by  a  T.  Sometimes,  probably,  they  were  distinct 
from  the  Porters. 

Joh.  Maderston,  T,  1534.  Tho.  Bowden  or  Booden  3. 

Win.  Butler,  1558.  Wm.  Walker4,  1648. 

Joh.  Brincknell,  T,  1 560.  Moses  Wiblin,  1718. 

Wm.  Ambrose,  1561.  Franc.  Marriott,  174?. 

Kirce,  T,  1582.  Pet.  Smith,  1756. 

Bic.  Chissall;  1582  '.  Tho.  Jackson,  1776. 

Tho.  Valentine,  1592.  Tho.  Wainwright,  1798. 

Elys  Sumner2.  Jos.  Byman,  1805. 

Joh.  Hoggarde2.  Bob.  Barnes,  1845. 

Joh.  Guyes,  1626.  Alfred  Burrows,  1871  or  2. 

FAMULI  PBJESIDIS  (President's  Servants). 

'Volumus  igitur  ut  Praesidens  duos  habeat  famulos  ex  Collegii 
impensis,  alterum  qui  equos  curet  et  ei  inserviat,  alterum  qui  ei  in 
singulis  obsequiis  sit  paratus  et  diligenter  intendens.'  Star..,  Cap.  1 7. 
One  of  these  servants  seems  soon  to  have  come  to  be  called  '  equiso ' 
or  groom,  the  other  specifically  '  famulus  Praesidis.'  .  It  is  probable 
that  the  latter,  even  at  an  early  period,  added  to  whatever  might  be 
his  other  duties  those  of  a  secretary  or  amanuensis.  The  two  first 
recorded  of  the  '  Clerici  Computi'  had  probably  both  been  previously 
1  famuli  Praesidis.'  This  was  undoubtedly  the  case  with  Bobert  Aisley. 
Hugh  Collins  and  Henry  Silly  seem  to  have  become  Notaries  Public, 
and,  indeed,  probably  executed  the  office  while  still  in  the  service  of  the 
President.  Henry  Silly  attests  documents,  as  a  Notary  Public,  almost 
immediately  after  his  appointment.  John  Dewhurst,  another  Fam. 
Praes.,  appears  from  the  dates  to  have  become  a  Chaplain.  With 

1  So  in  Fulman's  Index.     In  Allen's  List,  Cheesewell.  2  Both  appointed 

some  time  before  1609,  as  Allen's  List  appears  to  have  been  made  tip  to  date,  in 
1608.  3  Mentioned  as  removed  by  the  Parl.  Visitors,  Oct.  2,  1648  (Burrows). 
It  is  stated  by  Metford  (see  p.  333)  that  Bowden  became  Butler  at  the  Restoration, 
but  the  statement  is  refuted  by  the  College  Register.  See  above  under  '  Promi.' 
4  Appointed  by  Parl.  Vis.,  Oct.  3,  1648. 


460  FAMULI  COLLEGII. 

regard  to  the  possibility  of  John  Spenser  (subsequently  President) 
having  been  at  one  time  a  Fam.  Praes.,  see  p.  143,  note  i.  On  the 
subsequent  discontinuance  of  these  servants  I  shall  speak  presently. 

Joh.  Vrine  (Hoorne  or  Oram),      Wm.  Broughton,  F.  Pr.,  1597. 
Equiso,  1535.  Joh.  Piper,  F.  Pr.,  1598. 

Trubb,    Trubbe,    or    Trobe1,      Raimundus   Osbaston,  F.  Pr., 
Fam.  Praes.,  1540.  J599- 

Hie.  Bedle,  Equ.,  1541.  Edouardus    Stevens,     F.   Pr., 

Ric.  Rawbone 2.  F.  Pr.,  1546.  1600. 

Tho.  Collins,  F.  Pr.,  1555.  Joh.  Dewhurst4,  F.  Pr.,  1603. 

Wm.  Newcum,  F.  Pr.,  1558.          Joh.  Wood,  F.  Pr.,  i6io5. 

Wm.  Tattersall,  F.  Pr.,  1560.         Hen.    Cubb,  F.   Pr.    ?  between 

Joh.  Boucher,  F.  Pr.,  1561.  1595  and  1600. 

Hen.  Shirburne,  Equ.,  1562.          Gul.   Bodyn,   Equ.       Probably 

Price,  F.  Pr.,  1566.  before  1609. 

Chris.  Leyster,  F.  Pr.,  1582.  Chris.  Spencer,  F.  Pr.,  1612. 

Hen.  Pilgrime,  Equ.,  159!-  Hugo  Collins6,  F.  Pr.,  1618. 

Hen.  Keepe,  F.  Pr.,  1592.  Hen.  Silly7,  F.  Pr.,  1630. 

Ric.  Keepe,  F.  Pr.,  1593.  Rob.  Aisley8,  F.  Pr.,  1635. 

Joh.  Philips3,  Equ.,  1597. 

Wm.  Harrison,  Groom,  was  ordered  to  be  expelled  by  the  Com- 
mittee of  Lords  and  Commons,  Aug.  i,  1648.  (Burrows.) 

Izhard,  F.  Pr.,  specifically  so  called,  is  stated  by  Metford  to  have 
been  expelled,  but  his  name  does  not  occur  in  the  Visitors' 
Register.  See  p.  214. 

Ric.  Axtell,  F.  Pr.,  1658.  Joh.  Axtell,  Equ.,  1658. 

It  is  noteworthy  that  both  the  Axtells  took  the  oath,  prescribed  in 
the  Statutes,  as  all  their  predecessors  had  done.  But  the  small  folio, 
to  which  I  have  referred  above  (p.  457),  though  it  contains  attestations 
to  the  oaths  of  all  the  other  '  Famuli  Collegii'  from  1713  to  1845  (and 
indeed  of  the  Chaplains  and  Clerks  from  1688),  has  no  mention  what- 
ever of  the  '  Famuli  Praesidis.'  It  would  seem  as  if,  after  the  Revo- 
lution, even  if  not  before,  their  position  had  undergone  some  essential 
change,  and  they  were  no  longer  so  definitely  connected  with  the 
College  as  before.  Still,  in  a  book  entitled  '  Old  Orders  and  Rules,' 
there  is  an  allowance,  under  the  date  of  Feb.  17,  i68f,  to  'the  Pre- 
sident's man,'  for  candles ;  and,  even  in  Dr.  Randolph's  time,  the 

1  Probably  the  same  who  was  Promus  in  1533,  and  became  Cler.  Com.  in  1546. 
2  Probably  the  same  who  became  Cler.  Com.  in  1555.  3  From  Philips  to  Wood, 
both  inclusive,  the  names  in  the  Register  are  written  for  them.  *  Probably  this  is 
the  same  John  Dewhurst  who  took  the  B.  A.  Degree  in  1608,  and  became  Chaplain  in 
1610.  5  It  is  probable,  or,  indeed,  almost  certain,  that  many  of  those  entered  at 
this  time  under  the  name  of  Fam.  Praes.  were  really  'equisones,'  who,  of  course, 
had  a  title  to  be  called  by  the  generic  name.  6  The  same  who  afterwards  signs 

the  register  as  a  Notary  Public.  7  There  can  be  no  doubt,  from  the  handwriting, 
that  this  is  the  same  H.  S.  who,  within  a  month  after  his  own  admission  as  F.  Pr., 
attests  the  admission  of  a  Scholar,  as  a  Notary  Public.  8  Admitted  Cler.  Comp. 
June  1 2  following.  There  is  no  doubt  as  to  the  identity  of  the  handwriting. 


FAMULI  COLLEGIL  461 

'  Acts  and  Proceedings  of  C.  C.  C.,'  which  begin  with  his  Presidency, 
record  his  nomination  of  the  following  persons  as  '  President's  Servant:' 

1757.  Thomas  Bradley  in  place  of  Isaac  Parsons,  appointed 
Butler. 

1760.  John  Hedges. 

1761.  William  Gee,  afterwards  Manciple. 
1763.  "William  Gosford  Mott,  in  place  of  Gee  *. 

After  this  time  no  appointments  are  recorded,  and  there  seems  to 
be  no  evidence  of  the  Fam.  Praes.  and  Equiso  batteling  in  any 
Buttery  Book  subsequent  to  that  for  1773-4.  But  the  names  are 
still  entered  proformd  in  the  Buttery  Books  down  to  the  introduction 
of  the  New  Statutes  in  1855,  and  the  Presidents  received  a  money 
allowance  for  two  servants,  varying,  like  most  of  the  other  allowances, 
from  year  to  year.  Meanwhile,  all  traces  of  any  connexion  of  the 
President's  private  servant  or  servants  with  the  College,  or  of  the 
College  groom,  in  any  special  sense,  with  the  President,  seem  to  have 
disappeared. 

SERVITORS. 

Besides  the  '  Famuli  Collegii '  who  were  recognized  in  the  Statutes, 
there  were  probably,  from  a  very  early  period  in  the  history  of  the 
College,  youths  attached  to  the  service  of  some  of  the  Gentlemen- 
Commoners  or  Fellows  individually,  and,  subsequently,  to  that  of  the 
College  generally.  These  were  called  Servitors,  and  were  usually  poor 
students,  matriculated  in  the  University.  See  pp.  43,  50,  226,  260, 
426.  Several  of  them  are  no  doubt  included  in  the  list  given  on 
pp.  451-6,  and  others  possibly  in  the  list  given  on  p.  426.  See  note 
3  on  that  page. 

In  the  Index  to  vol.  xi  of  the  Fulman  MSS.  there  occur  the  entries : 
George  Roper,  Fam.,  1533;  Thurstian  Whitaker,  Lixa,  1612; 
Style,  Tegull.,  1566,  and  Tho.  Stiles,  Teg.,  1582,  the  two  last  (if 
they  are  distinct  persons)  being  probably  tilers  or  thatchers  tempo- 
rarily residing  in  the  College  for  the  purpose  of  repairing  the  roofs. 

1  While  the  '  President's  servant'  was  becoming  more  distinctly  a  private  servant, 
the  '  Eqniso '  or  '  Groom  '  seems  to  have  been  becoming  more  distinctly  a  common 
servant  of  the  College.  Thomas  Miller,  Joseph  Miller,  and  Thomas  Jackson  are 
mentioned  in  this  capacity  in  the  years  1759  and  1762. 


NAMES  WITHOUT  ANY  SPECIFIC  DESIGNATION. 

In  the  Index  in  vol.  xi  of  the  Fulman  MSS.  there  occur  the  fol- 
lowing names  without  any  designation  affixed  to  them  :  — 

1  Dun,  1522,  probably  same  as  John  Dunne,  Done,  or  Donne, 
Fellow,  1523. 

^yot,  1522,  probably  same  as  John  Dyott,  Scholar,  1524. 

Kinge,  1522,  possibly  identical  with  Thomas  King,  B.A.,  152$ 
(given  in  Foster). 

aPerrot,  1528,  probably  same  as  Clement  Perrott,  Scholar  of 
C.  C.  C.,  1530,  afterwards  Fellow  of  Lincoln.   F. 

1  Garret,  1530,  probably  same  as  John  Garrett,  Scholar,  1532. 
Mussell,  1536,  possibly  same  as  John  Mussell,  B.C.L.,  sup. 


Metcalf,  1571,  possibly  same  as  Wm.  Medecalf,  B.A.,  157!-   F. 

Paul  Browne,  1573,  probably  a  Chorister,  and  same  as  P.  B.  of 
Magdalen.  F. 

Villers,  1578.  This  may  be  Pet.  Lozillerius  Villers,  a  French 
refugee,  admitted  D.D.,  1576,  who  is  said  by  Wood  (Fasti,  i.  202)  to 
'  have  lived  in  Ch.  Ch.  for  some  time.'  He  may  also  have  been  enter- 
tained at  Corpus,  or  there  may  be  the  frequent  confusion  between  the 
two  Colleges. 

Of  Saxbey,  1530,  and  Horton,  1533,  there  does  not  seem  to  be 
any  probable  identification. 

1  All  these  persons  were  probably  at  Corpus  in  some  other  capacity,  before  their 
election  to  a  Scholarship  or  Fellowship. 


INDEX. 


Abbott,  Charles.    See  Tenterden,  Lord. 
Abingdon,  third  Earl  of,  440. 
Acquainted,  peculiar  use  of  the  word, 

117.     Cp.  118. 
Acts  and  Proceedings  of  C.  C.  C.,  kept 

by  Drs.  Randolph,  Cooke,  Bridges, 

and  Norris,  285-90,  295-302,  434. 
Acworth,  Dr.  George,  Commissary  of 

Robert  Home,  Bishop  of  Winchester, 

no. 

—  his  visitation  of  the  College,  110-123. 

—  mentioned  again,  125. 
Admissions,  early,  give   date   of  birth 

approximately  on  some  Church  Fes- 
tival, 196. 
Agas,  Daniel,  his  dispute  with  Fulman, 

235- 

—  his    violent    bearing    towards    the 
Visitor,  and  the  Visitor's  sentence  on 
him,  240-2. 

Aldrich,  Dean,  said  to  have  designed 

Turner's  buildings  at  Corpus,  265. 
Allen  or  Alleine,  Joseph,  231. 
Allen,  Henry,  his  List,  423,  426. 
Allibone,  John.     See  Rustica,  &c. 
Allied  Sovereigns,  Visit  of,  to  Oxford, 

300-1. 
Altars  and  Communion  Tables  set  up 

and  taken  down,  355-9. 
Anne,  Edward,  punished  for  writing  a 

copy  of  verses  against  the  Mass,  96- 

97- 

Anyan,  Thomas,  President  1614-1629, 
noticed,  155. 

—  his  admission,  170. 

—  his  election   as  President  disputed, 

175-7- 

—  account  of  him,  177-181. 

—  judgment    on    the    charges    against 
him,  180-1. 

Arbuthnott,  Viscount,  318. 
Arminian  party  in  the  Church,  Jackson 
belonged  to,  189-191. 

—  controversy    debated    in     Newlyn's 
chambers,  195. 


Arnold,  Matthew,  300,  304. 
Arnold,  Thomas,  301,  303-4. 

—  Mr.  Justice   Coleridge's  account  of 
Corpus  in  his  days,  305-8. 

—  his  Common-Room  verses,  322-3. 

—  his    recollections    of     the    Junior 
Common-Room,  322-3. 

Articles   of  Religion,  tendered   in   the 

Visitation  of  1566,  122. 
Atkinson,  George  (Chaplain),  charges 

brought  against  him  in  Visitation  of 

1566,  no,  &c. 

—  expelled,  113. 

Audley,  Charles,  his  bond  not  to  obtain 

a  dispensation  from  his  oaths,  from 

the  Court  of  Rome,  263. 
Ayscough,    Francis,   appeal    regarding 

the  refusal  to  admit  him  as  actual 

Fellow,  279,  404. 

Bachelor  Scholars,  their  enforced  resi- 
dence, 288,  307. 

—  this  residence  remitted,  321-2. 
Bachelors  not  allowed  to  have  strangers 

in  Hall,  as  being  inconsistent  with 
the  Statutes,  297. 

Bachelors'  Garden,  formerly  belonging 
to  Merton,  part  of  the  original  site  of 
the  College,  67. 

—  its  position,  69. 

—  seems  to  have  almost  exactly  corre- 
sponded  with    the    present   College 
Garden,  68. 

Bank-notes,  281. 

Bankers   (Messrs.   Child   &   Co.)   first 

appointed,  289. 
Barcham,  John,  154-5. 
Barfoot,  John,  noticed,  108,  124. 

—  strong  antagonism  between  him  and 
Reynolds,  139—41. 

—  memorial  to  Warwick  from  Oxford 
against  his  appointment  to  the  Pre- 
sidency, 139. 

—  expels  Reynolds,  Hooker,  and  other 
Fellows,  140,  141. 


464 


INDEX. 


Barfoot,  John,  a  recipient  of  the  Nowell 

benefaction,  151. 
Barnard,  Thomas,  Bishop  of  Limerick, 

290. 

Bartew.     See  Bertie. 
Bartholomew,  John,  304. 
Battel-books,  456. 
Battelers,  probably  received  from  about 

1660   to    1736,   260.     Cp.  xii,  438, 

451.  456- 

Battels  denned,  364. 
Batten,  Mr.  Chisholm,  his  Life  of  Foxe, 

quoted  passim  in  ch.  i. 

—  relation  of  my  biography  of  Foxe  to 
his,  ix-x. 

Battlements  first  erected  in  1624,  76. 
Beam  Hall,  Common  Prayer  said   in, 
during  the  Commonwealth,  215-6. 

—  its  purchase,  341 . 
Bear-baiting,  117. 

Bed-makers,  female,  employed  in  Col- 

legesiabout  1677,  253.     Cp.  438. 
'  Bedells'  Staves,'  loss  of,  and  search  for, 

during  the  Parliamentary  Visitation, 

203-4. 

Beeke,  Henry,  291. 
Bees,  Corpus  called  a  College  of,  38, 

39,  43,  47,  80,  and  elsewhere. 

—  '  Vives  his  bees,'  71- 

Beke's  Inn,  formerly  belonging  to  St. 
Frideswide,  part  of  the  original  site 
of  the  College,  68. 

—  its  position,  69. 

Belle,  Belley,  or  Belly,  John, in,  371-2, 

389- 

Benefactors  of  the  College,  29-36,  126. 
Benefactorum   Liber,  referred   to,    281 

and  elsewhere. 
Benfield   or   Benefield,  Sebastian,  154, 

156, 177-8. 

Bentham,  Edward,  282. 
Berkeley,    Hon.  Thomas   M.  F.,    305, 

443- 

Bertie  or  Bartew,  Richard,  86. 
Betts,  John,  196,  233. 
Biberia  or  Bibesia,  52. 
Bible,  to    be   read   and   expounded  at 

dinner  in  Hall,  according  to  original 

Statutes,  51,  52. 

—  Statute  still  observed  in  1664,  239, 
and  in  1674,  248. 

—  French  History  of  the,  275-6. 
Bible,  Authorized  Version  of,  share  of 

Corpus  men  in,  and  especially  of  Dr. 

Reynolds,  162-3,  171-2. 
Bilson,  Thomas,  Bishop  of  Winchester, 

132,  169,  337. 
—  his  decrees  and  advice  with  regard 

to  Fines,  351-4. 
Bisse,  Thomas,  271. 


Boccaccio,  probably  referred  to  in  the 
charges  against  Greneway,  1 18,  373-5. 

Bogan,  Zachary,  197,  205,  208. 

Bonds,  College  money  lent  on,  281, 
289. 

Boston,  was  Foxe  educated  at?,  2. 

Boucher,  Bocher,  or  Butcher,  William, 
President  1559-61,  his  admission,  86. 

—  account  of  him,  106-109. 

—  curious  picture  of  him  in  retirement 
at  Duntesbourne,  107-109. 

—  reference  to  him  by  Bishop  Home, 
123. 

—  characteristic  of  him  mentioned  by 
Morice,  137. 

Bouverie,  Hon.  Edward,  292,  442. 
Bradshaw,  John,  scholar,   his   offence, 

254- 

Brasenose  Hall  or  College,  hostility  of 
its  members,  including  the  former 
Principal,  to  the  workmen  employed 
in  building  C.  C.  C.,  64,  65. 

Bribes,  taking  of,  for  admitting  scholars, 
charged  against  Greneway,  118-123, 
and  against  Anyan,  178,  181. 

Bridges,  Thomas  Edward,  President 
1823-43,  his  admission,  303. 

—  account  of  him,  314-15. 

—  testimonies  to  his  worth  and  amia- 
bility, 306,  314. 

Bridges,  William,  194. 

Brookes,  James,  Bishop  of  Gloucester, 

86. 
Buckland,  William,  the  famous  Geolo- 

gi?t,  3°3,  308. 

—  his  rooms  in  College,  303. 
Buckle,  George,  317. 

Building  of  the  College  (according  to 
the  Founder's  original   design   of  a 
monastic     College)      already     com- 
.  menced,  June  30,  1513,  63-5. 

—  when  completed,  uncertain,  but  pro- 
bably in  1520,  71. 

Building  accounts,  original,  portion  of, 

still  preserved,  70-71. 
Building  Fund,  institution  of,  298. 
Buildings  of  the  College,  account  of, 

63-78. 

—  Loggan's    plan    of   them   in    1675, 
76-7. 

—  Turner  s,  264-70. 

—  additions   to   and  alterations   of,  in 
Dr.  Mather's  time,  280-1. 

—  in  Dr.  Cooke's  time,  298,  301. 

—  most  recent,  329. 
Bull-baiting,  117. 

Burgess,  Thomas,  Bishop  of  Salisbury, 
291. 

—  his  work  as  Tutor,  291. 
Burhill  or  Burghill,  Robert,  1 54. 


INDEX. 


465 


Burrows,  Professor,  edition  of  Catalogue 
of  Grocyn's  books,  quoted,  89  and 
elsewhere. 

—  his   edition   of  the   Register  of  the 
Parliamentary  Visitors,  201  and  else- 
where. 

—  does  not  always  give   the  true  de- 
signation of  a  student,  219. 

—  his  Worthies  of  All  Souls,  quoted, 
248  and  elsewhere. 

Bursar,  change  in  qualifications  for 
office  of,  327-8. 

—  list   of  Bursars  not  being  Fellows, 
422. 

Burton,  John,  271. 

Butcher,  William.     See  Boucher. 

Butler's  chamber,  70. 

Buttery,  new,  made  in  1595-6,  75,  335. 

Cambridge,  Foxe's  connexion  with,  2-3, 
8. 

—  new  Fellows   and   Scholars  largely    j 
imported  by   Parliamentary  Visitors 
from,  227. 

Card-playing,  Cole's  passion  for,  137. 
Carew,  Thomas,  was  he  at  Corpus?  175. 
Carey,  Robert,  193. 

Catherine  of  Aragon,  i,  8,  9, 12, 13, 18. 
Caution-money,  early  notice  of,  196. 

—  large  amount  of  for  Gentlemen-Com- 
moners, 295,  299-300. 

Cellar,  new,  made  in  1595-6,  75. 
Centenary,  celebration  of,  182. 
Chandois  of  Sudeley,  sixth  and  seventh 

barons,  194,  454. 
Chapel,  part  of  the  original  building,  71. 

—  alterations  or '  restorations '  in  1675- 
1676,  76,  258-9. 

—  the  present  and  former  altar-piece, 

77,  78- 

—  the  altar  candlesticks,  78. 

—  the  brass  eagle,  78,  84. 

—  Claymond's  brass,  76,  83. 

—  east  window   blocked  up   in   1796, 

78,  292. 

—  the  Rubens  altar-piece,  292. 
Chapel  Accounts,  355-9. 

Chapel  Ornaments,  Vessels,  Copes,  &c., 
secreted  during  Edward  VI  s  reign, 
97-98. 

—  and  again  at  the  beginning  of  Eliza- 
beth's reign,  110-115. 

—  inventory  of  handed  in  at  Visitation 
of  1566,  113-115. 

—  entry    respecting    the    mending    of 
Copes  in  1640,  246,  359. 

—  evidence  that  much  of  the  collection 
still  remained  in  1646,  98-99. 

—  sold  or  made  away  with  during  the 
Commonwealth,  99. 

H 


Chapel  Ornaments,  action  at  Oxford 
Assizes  in  1666,  respecting  the  Copes, 
&c.,  244-6. 

—  a  few  fragments  of  Copes  still  extant, 

99- 

—  sacred  plate  still  extant,  99. 

—  Copes  probably  worn  in  1640,  246, 

359- 

Chapel  Services,  according  to  original 
Statutes,  52. 

—  orders  with  regard  to  preaching  ser- 
mons, 169,  182-3,  221,  230. 

—  Staunton's  religious  discipline  and  its 
probable  effects,  217,  221-3. 

—  compulsory    attendance    at    chapel 
abolished,  325. 

Chaplains,  their  qualifications,  tenure, 
and  duties,  in  the  Original  Statutes, 

47,  48- 

—  list  of,  423-5. 

Chaplains'  rooms  added  to  the  Presi- 
dent's House,  75. 
Charles  I,  180. 

—  publication  of  his  '  Works,"  199. 
Charles  II,  243-4,  247,  25l>  252~4- 
Charta   Fundationis    signed   March    i, 

15'f  57,  80. 

Cheadsey  or  Chedsey,  William,  Presi- 
dent 1558-1559,  his  admission,  86. 

—  account  of  him,  102-105. 

—  his  great  reputation  as  a  disputant, 
102,  103. 

—  characteristic  of  him  mentioned  by 
Morice,  137. 

Cheltenham     Grammar     School     and 

Hospital,  connexion  of  the  College 

with,  35. 
Chinese,  Professor  of,  offer  of  College 

with  regard  to,  328. 
Chishull,    Edmond,   wrote   inscriptions 

on  Turner's  monuments,  267-8. 

—  his  letter  to  Turner  respecting  Chap- 
laincy at  Smyrna,  268. 

Choristers,  their  qualifications,  tenure, 
remuneration,  and  duties,  in  the  ori- 
ginal statutes,  48. 

—  they  may  be  educated  either  in  the 
College  or  at  Magdalen  School,  48. 

—  list  of,  429-30. 

Cicero,  study  of  denounced  by  Jewel,  95. 
Clark,  Andrew,  reference  to  his  works, 
passim. 

—  his  edition  of  Wood's  Diaries,  261. 
Claymond,  John,  President  1517-1537, 

one  of  the  executors  of  Foxe's  Will,  21. 

—  his  connexion  with  the  purchase  of 
Pullock's  Manor  at  Ropesley,  27. 

—  his  benefactions  to  the  College,  34, 
81,  84. 

—  account  of  him,  79-84. 

h 


466 


INDEX. 


Claymond,  John,  his  munificence  and 
liberality,  81-2. 

—  eminent   men   admitted  to,   or  con- 
nected with,  Corpus,  during  his  Presi- 
dency, 84-89. 

—  his  'laudabiles  consuetudines,'  92. 

—  maintained  the  Public  Readers  at  his 
own  expense,  92. 

—  characteristic  of  him  mentioned  by 
Morice,  137. 

Claymond's  brass,  description  of  it  and 

its  fortunes,  76,  83. 
Clemens  or   Clement,   John,    88,    369, 

37.1- 

Clerical  restrictions,  100,  324-6. 
Clerk  of  Accompt  ('  Clericus  Computi '), 

his  position  and  duties,  48,  49. 

—  office  abolished  in  1825,  315. 
Clerks,  their  qualifications,  tenure,  and 

duties,  in  the  Original  Statutes,  48. 

—  alteration  made  in  their  duties  during 
Dr.  Staunton's  Presidency,  228,  359. 

—  list  of,  426-8. 

Cloister  Chambers,  70,  71,  77. 

Cloisters,  69,  70,  71,  77. 

Cobb,  Richard,  B.D.,  Fellow,  a  bene- 
factor of  the  College,  36. 

Cock  Tavern  in  Westminster,  116. 

Cole,  William,  President  1568-1598,  his 
admission,  101. 

—  Morice's  antipathy  to,  107,  108. 

—  account  of  him,  1 24-44. 

—  Wood's  account  of  his  appointment 
or  election,  124-8. 

—  Strype's  account,  128-9,  154. 

—  award,  as  to  fines,  between  him  and 
the  fellows,  343-4. 

—  his  practice  with  regard  to  the  fine- 
chest,  350. 

Cole,  Thomas,  son  of  the  above,  138, 
370,  ?  same  as  the  one  mentioned  on 
149. 

Coleraine,  Lord,  his  admission,  271. 

—  his  death,  302 . 

—  a  benefactor  of  the  Library,  36, 271-2, 
287. 

Coleridge,  Edward,  304. 
Coleridge,  Sir  John,  303. 

—  his  account  of  Dr.  Cooke,  294. 

—  of  the   College  in    Arnold's    days, 
305-8. 

Commission,  Royal,  of  Enquiry  (1850), 
attitude  of  College  towards,  320-1. 

—  Executive  Parliamentary,  College  in 
favour  of,  324. 

—  negotiations  with,  324-5. 

—  Duke  of  Cleveland's,  on  the  Revenues, 
326. 

—  Parliamentary,  of  1877,  327-8. 
Common-Room,    Bachelors    and   Gen- 


tlemen •  Commoners',     286-7,     3°9> 

Common-Room,  Scholars',  309,  311. 

—  dissolved,  322. 

—  its  history,  322-3. 

—  its  records  preserved,  323. 
Common-Room,  Senior,  built  in  or  about 

1667,  76. 

Commoners,  first  received,  32 1  (but  either 
ordinary  Commoners  or  Battelers 
appear  to  have  been  occasionally  re- 
ceived from  about  1660  down  to  1 736. 
See  260,  279-80,  456). 

—  name  originally  extended  to  all  '  in- 
dependent members,'  437. 

-  list  of,  445-50. 

—  See  also  Gentlemen-Commoners. 
Commons,    Deprivation   of,   explained, 

54,  36o. 

Conington,  John,  325,  372,  420. 
Cooke,  George  Leigh,  303. 

—  testimonies  to  his  worth,  306. 

—  founder  of  the  Junior  Common  Room, 
322-3. 

Cooke,  John,  President  1783-1823,  his 
early  Jacobite  sympathies,  287. 

—  his  admission,  290. 

—  his  life  and  character,  294-5,  302, 
310-12. 

Cooper,  Thomas,  Bishop  of  Winchester, 

H5-7- 

Cope-box,  246,  359. 
Copes,  97,  113-15,  246  (see  also  Chapel 

Ornaments),  355,  357,  359. 
Copleston,  Edward,  Bishop  of  Llandaff, 

298,  302,  303. 

Copleston,  William  James,  304. 
Copyholds.    See  Fines. 
Corner  Hall,  formerly  belonging  to  Mer- 

ton,  part  of  the  original  site  of  the 

College,  67. 

—  its  position,  69. 

Cornish,  George  James,  Tutor,  311-12, 

322-3. 

Cornish,  Robert  Kestell,  Bishop  of  Mada- 
gascar, 318. 

Cornish,  Thomas,  titular  Bishop  of 
Tenos,  was  Foxe's  suffragan  for  the 
spiritual  duties  of  his  first  two  sees,  5, 6. 

Corpus  Christi  Day,  abolition  of  enter- 
tainment on,  295,  298. 

Corrano,  Anthony,  Reynolds'  opposi- 
tion to  his  degree,  1 59. 

Corvus  (Jan  Rave),  painter  of  one  of  the 
Founder's  portraits,  26-27,  192. 

Coxe,  H.  O.,  421. 

Crakanthorpe,  his  testimony  to  Rey- 
nolds' character,  learning,  and  loyalty 
to  the  Church  of  England,  166.. 

—  Jackson's  tutor,  185. 


INDEX. 


467 


Cranmer,  Archbishop,  visits  the  College, 
84. 

—  his  disputation  with  Cheadsey,  103. 
Cranmer,  George,  Hooker's  pupil,  129, 

153-4- 

—  Queen  Elizabeth's  opinion   of  him, 

154- 

—  his  sister  married  to  Dr.  Spenser, 
174. 

Cromwell,  Oliver,  Lord  Protector,  223. 
Crumlum     or    Crumblehome,    Samuel, 

193- 

Crutcher,  Nicholas.     See  Kratzer. 
Curthopp,  James,  Dean  of  Peterborough, 

86,  384. 
Curtois  case,  252-4. 

Dashwood,  Sir  Henry  William,  Bart., 

3i8. 

Day,  Thomas,  292. 
Declamations,  order  respecting  careless 

performance  of,  in  1815,  301. 
Decrements,  335-6,  351,  354. 

—  meaning  of  word,  354. 

Degrees,  examinations  in  College  for,  in- 
stituted in  1/41,  280. 

—  gradually  dropped  out,  297. 

—  speeches  on  classical  authors  by  can- 
didates for,  still  continued  in  1795, 
298  (cp.  235),  and  in  1818,  302. 

De  Teissier,  George  Frederic,  317. 

De   Teissier,    Philip    Antoine,   Baron, 

318,431- 

Determination  for  the  B.  A.  degree,  anti- 
quated provision  for  postponing  the 
M.A.  degree  till  three  years  after,  in- 
stead of  after  admission,  and  conse- 
quent inconvenience,  299. 

—  relaxed  in  practice,  299. 

—  dispensed  with  by  decision  of  Bishop 
Tomline,  302. 

Dialogue  entitled  '  Nuttus.'  See  Morice, 

Nicholas. 

Dials,  85,  153,  183. 
Discipline,  stringency  of  in  the  Original 

Statutes,  53-55. 

—  state  of  in  1 540,  as  evidenced  by  a 
Decree  then  issued,  92. 

—  causes  of  subsequent  decay  of,  93. 

—  Jewel's  maintenance  of,  94. 

—  stringency  of  during  the  Puritan  rt- 
gime,  222-4,  363- 

• —  slackness  of  in  Dr.  Mather's  time, 
279. 

—  disgraceful  conduct  of  students  in 
1748-50,285-6. 

—  riot  in  College  in  1792,  297. 

—  change  in  the  character  of  offences 
in  the  i8th  century,  279,  364.     See 
also  Punishments. 


Discipuli  ( =  our '  Scholars ') ,  their  quali- 
fications in  Original  Statutes,  45,  46. 

—  to  be  elected  from  certain  counties 
and  dioceses,  46. 

—  might,    under    exceptional    circum- 
stances, be  elected  over  nineteen,  46, 
148,  390-1. 

—  purity  of  election,  185,  234. 

—  account  of  large  election  of  in  164^, 
196,  202-3. 

—  early  age  of,  234,  306,  319,  &c. 

—  relief  of  M.A.  Disciples  from  resi- 
dence in  1755,  287. 

—  their  enforced  idleness,  287. 

—  idleness  and  dissipation  of  B.A.  Dis- 
ciples at  that  time,  288. 

—  dearth  of  candidates  for  some  of  the 
County  Scholarships,  290,  296,  298, 
316,324. 

—  local  restrictions  and  right  of  succes- 
sion to  Fellowships  abolished,  414. 

—  first  Open  Scholar,  325. 
Disputations  prescribed  in  Original  Sta- 
tutes, 40-42. 

—  still  continued  in  1664,  235. 

—  and  in  1749,  286. 

—  punishments  for  neglecting,  360-1, 

363-4- 
Divisio  pro  ampliore  convictu,  335-6, 

34°,  342- 
Dole,  weekly,  bequeathed  to  the  poor 

by  Morwent,  and  administered  by  the 

College,  34,  100. 
Dress  worn  in  Junior  Common-Rooms, 

3ii,323- 

Dudley,  First  Earl  of,  443. 
Durham,    Foxe's    alterations     in     the 

Castle,  6. 

—  Claymond  invited  by  Foxe  to  take 
charge  of  a  school  in  Bishopric  of,  80. 

Durham  Scholarship,  dispute  with  re- 
gard to  non-election  to,  249-51. 

Early  age  of  students  in  former  times, 

46,  154,  J55.  157-8,  171,  234.  29i, 
298,    299,    301,    303-4,    306,    319, 
380. 
Early  hours  in  the  sixteenth  century,  41, 

52,55,93,  "7- 

—  in  the  seventeenth,  235. 
Ederich,  George,  86,  104,  370. 
Edgeworth,  Richard  Lovell,  his  anec- 
dotes of  Dr.  Randolph,  284-5. 

—  his  admission,  292. 

—  his  testimony  to  the  excellent  condi- 
tion of  the  College  in  his  time,  293. 

Edward  VI,  general  decay  of  learning 

in  his  time,  95. 

Edwards,  David,  58,  85,  88,  89, 369-70. 
Edwards,  Richard,  101. 


H  h  2 


468 


INDEX. 


Elizabeth,  Queen,  101,  104,  124-8, 147, 
154, 1 60. 

—  Acts  of  Parliament   passed   in    her 
reign     regarding    College    property, 

332-4'  350-1- 

Ellison,  Noel  Thomas,  Tutor,  310,  311. 
Erasmus,  his  connexion  with  Foxe,  23-25. 

—  eulogistic  language  with  regard  to 
the  College,  59. 

—  book  dedicated  to  Claymond,  80. 
Essex  and  Buckhurst,  Lords,  their  award 

respecting  fines,  343-4. 

Estates  recently  purchased,  326,  328. 

Estcourt,  Thomas  Grimstone,  305. 

Etheridge.     See  Ederich. 

Evidences,  College,  quoted  or  referred  to, 
198  and  elsewhere. 

Examinations  for  B.A.  Degree  in  Col- 
lege, 280,  297. 

Exemptions  of  the  College  from  the 
jurisdiction  of  the  parish  (St.  John  the 
Baptist)  and  Diocese  (Lincoln)  in 
which  it  was  locally  situated,  67. 

Exhibitioners,  Clerks  and  Choristers 
had  come  to  be  called  in  1792,  297, 
428. 

—  selected  from  Commoners,  326,  432. 

—  elected  after  open  competition,  432. 

—  list  of,  431-3- 

Expense  of  residing  in  the  University, 
beyond  the  means  of  an  M.A.  Scholar 
in  1755,  287. 

—  rapid  increase  of  during  the  French 
War,  299. 

Fairclough.    See  Featley. 

Famuli  Collegii.  See  Servants,  recog- 
nised College. 

Faussett,  Godfrey,  303. 

Featley,  or  Fairclough,  or  Fairclowe,  or 
Fertlough,  Daniel,  155,  163,  178-9, 

393- 

Fellows  of  Colleges,  their  lack  of  occu- 
pation in  the  Restoration  period, 
256-7. 

—  large  increase  in  value  of  Fellowships, 
about  1814,  300. 

Fellows'  or  Turner's  Buildings,  36,  77, 

264-6,  268-70. 
Fellowship,  first  open,  325. 
Female  bedmakers  in  College,  in  the 

seventeenth  century,  50,  253, 438. 
Fiddes,  Richard,  43,  259-60. 
Finances.     See  Revenues. 
Fines,  in   later   years,  constituted   the 

principal  income  of  the  President  and 

Fellows,  341-2. 

—  of   Copyholds,   disputes   regarding, 
106-109,  II2»   118-23,   J32-3>  l&9> 
178,  181,  330-54. 


Fines  of  Leaseholds,  116,  118-23,  169, 

178,  181,330-54. 
Finium  Cista,  334,  336-7,  340-1,  345, 

349-51- 

Fisher,  Bishop  of  Rochester,  co-executor 
with  Foxe  to  Henry  VII  and  the 
Lady  Margaret,  12,  13. 

—  quoted  in  reference  to  Foxe's  influ- 
ence with  Henry  VIII,  17. 

—  his  advice  to  the  Lady  Margaret  to 
found  a  secular,  not  a  monastic,  Col- 
lege, 21. 

—  dedicates  a  book  to  Foxe  and  acknow- 
ledges his  personal  obligations,  25. 

Foreign  Chaplaincies,condition  of,  about 
1701,  described  in  a  letter  from  Chis- 
hull  to  Turner,  268. 

—  number  of  held  by  Corpus  men,  273. 
Forgery  of  an  Indenture  charged  against 

Hierome    Reynolds,    Atkinson,    and 

Joyner,   in   the   Visitation   of  1566, 

no,  &c. 

Forster,  Nathaniel,  282. 
Foster,  Joseph,  his  Alumni  Oxonienses 

referred  to,  138, 195,  and  elsewhere. 

—  my  obligations  to,  ix,  xii. 

—  some  of  the  earlier  names  in  my  lists 
not  to  be  found  in  his,  ix. 

Fowler,  Edward,  Bishop  of  Gloucester, 
193,  218,  223,  231. 

Fowler,  Thomas,  his  election  as  Presi- 
dent, 328. 

Fox  kept  in  the  wood-yard,  77. 

Foxe,  John,  Archdeacon  of  Surrey,  84- 
85,  382. 

Foxe  or  Fox,  Richard,  the  Founder  of 
the  College,  1-29. 

—  his  birth,  birthplace,  and  parentage, 

I,  2. 

—  his  places  of  education,  2,  3. 

—  his  opinion  of  '  long  continuance  in 
the  Universities,'  3. 

—  his  connexion  with   Cambridge,   2, 
3,8. 

—  his  abode  and  graduation  at  Paris, 

3,4- 

—  first  mention  of  him  is  in  connexion 
with  living  of  Stepney,  4. 

—  story  of  his  return  to  Ropesley,  4,  5. 

—  lands   in    England  with   Richmond 
(Henry  VII)  in  1485,  and  is  present 
at  Bosworth  Field,  5. 

—  his  rapid  advancement,  5,  &c. 

—  Bacon's  character  of  him,  5,  7,  8. 

—  Bishop  of  Exeter,  5. 

—  becomes  Lord  Privy  Seal,  5. 

—  delegates  his  episcopal  functions,  5, 6. 

—  baptises  Henry  VIII,  6. 

—  translated  to  Bath  and  Wells,  6. 

—  to  Durham,  6. 


INDEX. 


469 


Foxe  or  Fox,  Richard,  his  diplomatic 
employments,  5,  6,7,  8,  12,  15,  16. 

—  his  defence  of  Norham  Castle,  7. 

—  negotiates    the    marriage    between 
James  IV  of  Scotland  and  the  Prin- 
cess Margaret,  7,  8. 

—  translated  to  Winchester,  8. 

—  Chancellor  of  Cambridge,  8. 

—  story  of  his  dealings  with  the  clergy, 
in  respect  of  a  loan,  9. 

—  imputation  on  him  with  regard  to 
confessions,  9. 

and  with  regard  to  unfair  dealings 

on  behalf  of  the  king  (Henry  VII), 

9,  10. 

—  nominated  by  Julius  II  a  Commis- 
sioner to  continue  an  enquiry  into  the 
claims  of  Henry  VI  to  canonization, 
TO. 

and  to  draw  up  amended  Statutes 

for  Balliol  College,  Oxford,  n. 

—  his  immersion  in  business,  10. 

—  his  care  of  his  diocese  (Winchester), 

10,  16-19. 

—  his  relations  to  Magdalen  and  Balliol 
Colleges,  Oxford,  10-12. 

—  Visitor  of  Balliol,  IT,  12. 

—  Executor  to  Henry  VII,  12. 
and  to  the  Lady  Margaret,  13. 

—  continued  in  all  his  places  of  trust  by 
Henry  VIII,  12. 

—  differs  from  Warham,  and   advises 
marriage  with  Catherine  of  Aragon, 
12,  13- 

—  engaged  in  settling  the  incomplete 
foundation    of    St.   John's    College, 
Cambridge,  13. 

—  Master  of  Pembroke  College,  Cam- 
bridge, 13. 

—  alleged  differences  with  the  Earl  of 
Surrey,  13,  14. 

—  his  influence  at  Court,  circa  1510, 
14. 

—  his   favourable   disposition   towards 
the  Venetian  Republic,  14. 

—  altercation  with  Warham,  14,  15. 

—  relations  with  Wolsey,  15-20. 

—  attends    the    army   which    invaded 
France  in  1513,  15. 

—  described   as    '  a    lord    of    extreme 
authority  and  goodness,'  15. 

—  resigns  the  Privy  Seal  in  1516,  16. 

—  his  growing  disinclination  to  political 
life  and  affairs  of  State,  16. 

—  his  compunction  for  the  neglect  of 
his  spiritual  duties,  16-18. 

—  his  sentiments  with  regard    to   the 
French  War,  18. 

—  complains  of  the  depravity  of  the 
clergy  and  specially  of  the  monks,  19. 


Foxe  or  Fox, 'Richard,  employments  of 
his  closing  years,  18-20. 

—  opposes  the  subsidy  of  1523,  19. 

—  his  blindness,  19,  21. 

—  his  death  and  burial,  19,  20. 

—  his  Will,  20,  21. 

—  his  foundation  of  Corpus,  31,22. 

—  advice  of  Bishop  Oldham  to  found 
a  secular,  not  a  monastic,  College, 
21. 

—  his  other  benefactions,  22. 

—  his  architectural  works,  6,  8,  9,  2  2, 
25,  26. 

—  magnificence  of  his  household  ap- 
pointments, 32. 

—  does  not  forget  Ropesley,  22. 

—  edits  and  translates  religious  books, 
22,  23. 

—  has  trouble  with  some  of  his  nuns, 

23- 

—  his    relations    to    learned    men,   as 
Linacre,  23. 

—  Sir  Thomas    More    and    Erasmus, 

23-25- 

—  Bishop  Fisher,  25. 

—  his  connexion  with  the  windows  in 
King's  College  Chapel,  25,  26. 

—  with  Henry  VII's  Chapel  at  West- 
minster, 26. 

—  portraits  of  him,  26,  27. 

—  engraved  portraits,  27. 

—  apparent  inconsistency  in  forbidding 
the  Head  of  his  College  to  be  a  Bishop, 

44,  45- 

—  removes  Richard  Mayew  from  the 
Presidency  of  Magdalen,  n,  45. 

—  letter  to  Claymond,  showing  his  care 
for  the  infant  foundation,  57,  58. 

—  letter  to  Claymond  on  dissensions  in 
the  College,  83,  84. 

—  letter  to  E.  Wotton,  86. 

—  his  tomb  repaired  by  the  College, 
316. 

Frampton,  Robert,  Bishop  of  Glouces- 
ter, 193. 

Franklin,  Willingham,  303. 

Frost,  William,  Steward  of  the  Founder, 
a  large  benefactor  of  the  College,  33. 

—  his  life  and  character,  32-34. 

—  daily  mass  to  be  celebrated  in  the 
Chapel,  at  '  Frost's  altar,'  33. 

—  '  Frost's  kin '  Fellowship  and  Scho- 
larship, 33. 

Frowd,  John  Brickenden,  299. 
Fuller,  his  testimony  to  Dr.  Reynolds, 
167. 

—  account   (probably  apocryphal)    of 
disputation  between  John  and  Wil- 
liam Reynolds,  167. 

—  account  of  Dr.  Jackson,  187,  188. 


47° 


INDEX. 


Fulman,  William,  his  MSS.  quoted, 
passim. 

—  a  great  benefactor  to  the  Library,  36. 

—  plan  of  the  original  site  of  the  College 
taken  from  his  MSS.,  69. 

—  his  view  with  regard   to  the   early 
Corpus  Lecturers,  87. 

—  account  of  his  life,  collections,  and 
literary  labours,  196-9. 

—  his  conduct  on  Staunton's  appoint- 
ment, and  expulsion,  212,  215. 

—  his   criticism   of  Mayow's   Life    of 
Staunton,  219. 

—  dispute  with  regard  to  the  tenure  of 
his  fellowship,  235-6. 

—  last  date  in  his  writings,  bearing  on 
general  history  of  the  College,  261. 

—  my  obligations  to,  viii,  196. 

Gager,  Dr.,  of  Ch.  Ch.,  controversy  with 
Dr.  Reynolds  on  Stage-Plays,  168. 

Gale,  Robert,  Vintner,  of  London,  a 
benefactor  of  the  College,  36. 

Garden,  the  College,  seems  to  corre- 
spond almost  exactly  with '  Bachelors' 
Garden,'  formerly  belonging  to  Mer- 
lon, 68. 

—  its  condition  in  1578  and  1675,  77. 

—  gate  given  in  1782,  77,  292. 
Garden,  the  President's,  a  portion  of  the 

garden  of  Nevill's  Inn,  formerly  be- 
longing to  Merton,  68. 

Gardiner,  Bishop,  his  Visitation  of  Cor- 
pus in  1553,  95-8. 

Gateway,  part  of  the  original  building, 

71- 
Geneva  translation  of  the  Bible,  Cole 

took  part  in,  130,  131. 
Gentlemen-Commoners,  limited  number 

of  admitted  under  Original  Statutes, 

43- 

—  records    of   the    earlier   ones    have 
perished,  102. 

—  number  exceeded  in  Greenway's  time, 
118, 1 20. 

—  relaxation  of  discipline  in  favour  of, 
285,  296. 

—  their  caution-money  increased,  295, 
299-300. 

—  their  discontinuance,  321. 

—  list  of,  434-444. 
Gentlemen-Commoners'   Buildings,  76, 

77,  280-1. 
George  the  Second,  reign  of,  marks  the 

nadir  of  Oxford,  368. 
George  the  Third,  visit  of  himself  and 

family  to  the  College,  296. 
Giles,  John  Allen,  317. 
Giles,  John  Douglass,  318 
Gill,  Alexander,  154. 


Glass,   painted,   in   Chapel   and   Hall, 

358. 

Gloucester  Hall,  126. 
Godstow,  Abbess  and  Convent  of,  part 

with  Nun  Hall  to  Bishop  Foxe,  67, 

68. 

Goodwin,  Thomas,  President  of  Mag- 
dalen, 223. 

Gossons,  Stephen,  153. 
Gowns  of  the  same  colour  provided  for 

all  members  of  the  College,  including 

servants,  53,  338. 
Grantham    Grammar   School,  founded 

by  Bishop  Foxe,  22,  28. 

—  other  notices  of,  325,  328. 

Greek,    study   of,    in    connexion    with 
Corpus,  25. 

—  a  Public  Readership  in  Greek  first 
permanently  established  at   Corpus, 
38. 

—  regulation  as  to  the  teaching  of,  and 
books  to  be  lectured  on,  38,  39. 

—  Greek  and  Latin  only  to  be  used  for 
conversation  in  Hall,  and  even,  with 
certain  exceptions,  on  other  occasions, 

52- 

—  no  mention  of  Greek  in  answers  to 
Visitation  enquiries  of  1664,  239. 

—  list  of  Greek  Readers,  369-70. 
Gregory,  Robert,  Dean  of  St.  Paul's, 

3i8. 

Greneway     or     Greenway,     President 
156^-8,  his  life  of  Foxe,  1-3,  123. 

—  his  admission,  86. 

—  account  of  him,  109,  no. 

—  charges  against  him  in  the  Visitation 
of  1566,  115-119. 

—  his  answer,  119-121. 

—  the  evidence  against  him,  121. 

—  review  of  the  evidence,  121-2. 

—  testimonial  to  his  character,  122. 

—  issue  of  the  proceedings,  122-3. 

—  characteristic   of   him,    noticed    in 
Morice's  Dialogue,  122,  137. 

Greswell,  Clement,  317. 

Greswell,  Edward  Parr,  304,  318,  320. 

Griffith,  James,  291. 

Grocyn's  books,  some  of  them  bought 

of  Linacre  by  Claymond  for  Corpus, 

89. 
Gutch,  John,  304,  424. 

Hales,  John,  the '  ever-memorable,'  155. 
Hall,  part  of  the  original  building,  71. 

—  alterations  in,  about  1700,  77,  264. 

—  chimney  first  built  in  1741,  charcoal 
having   been   previously  burnt   in   a 
brasier,  77- 

Hall,   Bishop,   his    testimony    to    Dr. 
Reynolds,  167. 


INDEX. 


471 


Hallifax,  William,  Chaplain  at  Aleppo, 

259- 

Hampton  Court  Conference,  Dr.  Rey- 
nolds' share  in,  161-3. 

Hannah,  John,  317. 

Hare,  Henry.     See  Lord  Coleraine. 

Harpsneld,  the  ecclesiastical  historian, 
at  Foxe's  funeral,  20. 

—  one  of  the  witnesses  to  his  Will,  21. 

—  his   testimony  with    regard    to  the 
early  Corpus  Lecturers,  88. 

Harrison,  Robert,  98,  125,  128,  387. 
Hartley,  David,  the  younger,  282-3. 
Hearne,  Diaries,  quoted,  263  and  else- 
where. 

—  offered  a  Chaplaincy  at  Corpus,  266. 

—  character  of  his  gossip,  264. 
Heath,  Nicholas,  Archbishop  of  York 

(his  connexion  with  C.  C.  C.  doubt- 
ful), 87. 

Hebrew,  study  of,  in  connexion  with 
Corpus,  25. 

—  Lectureship  instituted    in    Spenser's 
time,  174. 

Hegge,  Robert,  182,  183,  394. 

—  his   Work   on   Dials  and  Dialling, 
183. 

—  his  Catalogue  of  Fellows  and  Scho- 
lars, 183,  377. 

Henry  VII,  Foxe's  connexion  with  him, 
3.  &c. 

—  Foxe,  one  of  his  Executors,  ia. 
Henry  VIII,  his  letters  patent  constitu- 
ting the  College  a  Corporation,  57. 

Heurtley,  Charles  Abel,  317. 

Hext,  George,  317. 

Heyford,  Lower,  or  'ad  pontem,'  fre- 
quently mentioned,  as  e.  g.  34,  100, 
107,  no,  116-123,  1&-1,  138. 

Higford,  William,  131,  156,  436. 

Hoadley,  Benjamin,  Bishop  of  Win- 
chester, his  excellence  as  Visitor,  286- 
7.  Cp.  321. 

Hobbes'  Leviathan,  235,  270. 

Hodgson,  S.  H.,  421. 

Holt,  John,  President  1629-163^,  his 
admission,  169. 

—  .noticed,  180. 

—  account  of  him,  184. 

Homicide,  attempted,  by  one  student  of 

another,  279-80. 

Hooker,  John,  alias  Vowell,  147. 
Hooker,  Peter,  152. 

—  his  letter  to  Anyan,  1 78. 
Hooker,  Richard,  mentioned,  129,  131, 

39°- 

—  personal  traits  noticed  by  Morice  and 
Spenser,  138. 

—  expelled  by  Barefoot,  and  restored 
by  the  Visitor,  140,  141. 


Hooker,  Richard,  his  life,  so  far  as 
connected  with  Corpus,  147-153. 

—  alleged  position   of  his  rooms  and 
inventory  of  his  furniture,  152. 

—  his  pupils,  Edwin  Sandys  and  George 
Cranmer,  153-4. 

—  posthumous  editions  of  his  Works, 
170,  173-4. 

—  alleged  share  of  Spenser  in  the  au- 
thorship of  the  Ecclesiastical  Polity, 

Wi-l- 

Hooker,  Zachary,  138,  391. 
Horace,  Jewel's  favourite  book,  though 

omitted  from  the  list  recommended 

in  the  Statutes,  92,  93. 
Home,  George,  Bishop  of  Norwich,  191. 
Home,  Robert,  Bishop  of  Winchester, 

106,  no,  123-4,  I25~8,  129,  131-2, 

134- 

Hornsby,  Thomas,  290. 

Hume,  John,  Bishop  of  Oxford,  282. 

Humfrey,  Laurence,  his  Life  of  Jewel, 
91  and  elsewhere. 

Hunt,  A.  W.  (Painter),  421. 

Hurman,  Stephen,  his  election  to  the 
Presidency,  and  immediate  resigna- 
tion, 272-3. 

Hyde,  James,  193. 

Incense  used  in  Chapel,  355-9. 

Income.     See  Revenues. 

Independents   and    Presbyterians,    223, 

227. 
Ingram's  Memorials  of  Oxford  quoted, 

12,  78,  and  elsewhere. 
Inventory  of  Church  goods  secreted  at 

beginning  of  Elizabeth's  reign,  113-5. 
Inventory  of  the  President's  plate  and 

furniture,  1677  an(i  earlier,  152. 
Inventory    Books,    two    curious    ones, 

dated    1610-14  and    1622    or   3,    of 

furniture,  &c.,  152. 
Italian  faith,  117. 

—  a  wicked  Italian  book,  called  Jacke 
{?  Mouther  or  Moucher),  118,  373-5. 

Jackson,  Henry,  his  admission,  170. 

—  his  connexion  with  Hooker's  Works, 
170,  173-4. 

—  his  action  with  regard  to  Anyan,  178. 
Jackson,  Thomas,  President  163^-1640, 

his  admission,  155. 

—  account  of  him,  184-93. 

—  recent  revival  of  interest  in  his  Works, 
191. 

—  his  Will  and  Inventory  of  his  effects, 
192-3. 

Jackson,  T.  G.,  architect  of  the  New 

Buildings  in  Merton  Street,  78. 
Jacob,  Philip,  304. 


472 


INDEX. 


Jacobite  sympathies,  supposed,  of  Dr. 
Turner,  263,  265-7. 

—  of  Dr.  Mather,  277. 

—  of  the   Bachelors'   Common-Room, 
circa  1754,  286-7,  367-8. 

Jacobite  tendencies  of  the  College, 
indications  of,  263,  272. 

James,  Richard,  175. 

James  I,  161-3,  176,  178-9,  189. 

Jenkyns,  Henry,  304. 

Jersey  and  Guernsey,  attempt  to  procure 
one  of  the  Hampshire  Scholarships 
for  natives  of,  247. 

Jewel,  John,  Bishop  of  Salisbury,  ac- 
count of  him  while  connected  with 
Corpus,  91-96,  385. 

—  his  declaration  against  Rhetoric,  and 
specially  Cicero,  95. 

—  appointed   to   govern    the    College, 
while  Morwent  was  imprisoned  in  the 
Fleet,  97. 

—  Dr.  Wright's  saying  about  him,  98. 

—  Simon  Tripp's  letter  to,  1 34. 

—  his  connexion  with  Richard  Hooker, 
147,  149. 

Jones,  William,  of  Nayland,  his  testi- 
mony to  Jackson's  Works,  191. 

Joyner,  Richard  (Clerk  of  Accompt), 
charges  brought  against  him  in  the 
Visitation  of  1566,  no,  &c. 

—  expelled  (?),  113. 

Junior  Fellows,  complaints  of  against 

the  Seniors  in  164!,  225-6. 
Jurisprudence,  Professorship  of,  325. 

Keble,  John,  299,  303,  305. 

,  the  elder,  303. 

Keble,  Thomas,  303,  305,  312. 
Kennett,    Basil,    President    1714,    his 
admission,  271. 

—  account  of  his  life  and  Presidency, 

272-5- 

King,  Walker,  Bishop  of  Rochester,  291. 

Kitchen,  the  present,  probably  the  Re- 
fectory of  Urban  Hall,  68. 

Kratzer,  Nicholas,  58, 85,87, 88, 183, 381 . 

Ladiman,  Samuel,  43. 

Latin,  Reader  or  Professor  of,  39. 

—  regulations  as  to  teaching  and  books 
to  be  lectured  on,  39. 

—  re-institution  of,  324,  372. 

—  list  of  Readers,  370-2. 

Latin  or  Greek,  conversation  in  Hall, 
and  even,  with  certain  exceptions, 
on  other  occasions,  to  be  confined  to, 
52. 

—  how  far  observed  subsequently,  235, 
239,  248. 

—  punishments  for  not  observing,  362. 


Laud,  William,  Archbishop  of  Canter- 
bury, 155,  189,  191,  246. 

Laundresses,  regulations  with  respect 
to,  in  Original  Statutes,  49. 

Laurence,  French,  291. 

Laurence, Richard,  Archbishop  of  Cashel, 
291-2. 

Lawrence,  Giles,  100,  101. 

Lay  mode  of  dress  affected  by  clerics 
after  the  Restoration,  255-6. 

Layborne  or  Leybourne,  Bishop  of  Carl- 
isle, ii. 

Leases.    See  Fines. 

Lectures.     See  Readers. 

Legge,  James,  endowed  with  proceeds 
of  a  Fellowship,  328,  421. 

Leicester,  Robert  Dudley,  Earl  of,  128, 

135,  139.  H0- 

Leigh,  Theophilus,MasterofBalliol,27i. 
Lenthall  or  Leynthall,  John,  admitted 

1603,  194,  436. 

—  1640,  193-4,  454. 

Letters  Patent  of  Henry  VIII,  57. 
Lever,  Sir  Ashton,  283. 
Lewis,  Thomas,  271. 
Library  of  the  College,  list  of  principal 
benefactors  to,  36. 

—  references  to  books  in,  2,  4,  34,  39, 
67,   70,  80,  93,  132,  198,  199,  269, 
275-6,  287,  338,  401-2. 

—  described  as  a  'trilinguis  bibliotheca' 
and  spoken  of  with  enthusiastic  praise 
by  Erasmus,  59. 

—  part  of  the  original  building,  71. 

—  enlarged  by  Dr.  Turner,  269. 

—  his  large  bequest  of  books  to,  269, 
270. 

—  Italian  Room  in,  272,  287. 
Library,  Undergraduates',  formerly  Dr. 

Buckland's  Geological  Museum,  303. 
Libri  Magni,  referred  to,  72  and  passim, 

specially  in  App.  A. 
Linacre,  his  testimony  to  Foxe,  23. 

—  some  of  Grocyn's  books  bought  of 
him,  89. 

Lincoln,  exemption  of  the  College  from 
the  jurisdiction  of  the  see  of,  67. 

Lincoln  Cathedral,  suspension  of  Sun- 
day prayers  at,  in  consequence  of  the 
dissensions  of  the  Chapter,  142. 

Lincoln,  Deanery  of,  circuitous  means 
by  which  it  was  obtained  for  Cole, 

W-3- 

Lipscombe,  William,  291. 
Liveries.     See  Gowns. 
Livings,  College,  several  purchased  out 

of  the  Tower  Fund,  281. 

—  licence  obtained  in  1818  to  hold  in 
mortmain  additional,  not  exceeding 
^3000  in  value,  301-2. 


INDEX. 


473 


Li vings,College, purchase  of  Byfield,3O2. 
— •  Fellow  excluded  from  choice  of,  on 

ground  of  unfitness,  324. 
Llandaff,  Second  Earl  of,  442. 
Loggan's  plan  of  the  College  in  1675, 

76-77. 

—  character  of  the  Founder's  statue  in 
his  plan,  78. 

Lowe,  Sir  Drury  Curzon,  the  last  Gen- 
tleman-Commoner, 321,  444. 

Lupsett,  Thomas,  87-9,  369,  371. 

Luxury,  Heads  of  Houses  accused  of, 
278. 

Machiavellian,  Greenway  accused  of 
being  '  a  right  mache  villion '  (?  Ma- 
chiavellian), 1 1 8. 

Macmullen,  Richard  Gell,  his  dispute 
with  Dr.  Hampden,  319-20. 

Magdalen  College,  Oxford,  was  Foxe 
educated  at?  2. 

—  Corpus  Students  required  to  attend 
some  of  the  lectures  at,  40-41. 

—  when  this  practice  fell  into  desue- 
tude, 239. 

—  Richard  Mayew,  President,  removed 
by  Foxe,  as  Visitor,  45. 

—  the  Choristers  may  be  educated  at 
Magdalen  School,  48. 

—  the  President  joined  with  the  Warden 
of  New  College  and  the  Chancellor 
of  the  University  as  an  informal  Court 
for  composing  differences  between  the 
President  of  Corpus  and  any  of  the 
Fellows,  56. 

—  the  first  President   and   Fellows   of 
C.C.C.  put  in  possession  of  the  College 
by  the  Warden  of  New  College  and 
the  President  of  Magdalen,  acting  for 
the  Founder,  57. 

—  many  of  the  early  members  of  Corpus 
appointed  from  Magdalen,  58. 

Maine,  Sir  H.  J.  S.,  326,  420. 
Malet,  Sir  E.  B.,  445. 
Manchester  Grammar  School,  founded 
by  Bishop  Oldham,  31. 

—  its  connexion  with  Corpus,  31,  32. 
Manciple's  Chamber,  70. 

Marat,  Jean  Paul,  alleged  theft  by,  in 
Oxford,  282-3. 

Marian  exiles,  their  straits  and  destitu- 
tion, 125,  127,  129-33. 

Marston,  John,  435. 

Martial,  Richard,  Dean  of  Ch.  Ch., 
86. 

Mary,  Queen,  18,  95,  103,  104,  129. 

Master  of  Arts  Degree,  exercises  for,  in 
the  seventeenth  century,  235. 

Mather,  Mrs.,  a  benefactress  of  the  Col- 
lege, 36,  342. 


Mather,  John,  President  1711-48,  his 
admission,  271. 

—  account  of  him,  277-8. 

—  his  death,  283. 

Meals  in  the  i6th  century,  number, 
times,  arrangement  of  tables,  waiting, 
reading  and  exposition  of  the  Bible, 
conversation  to  be  only  in  Greek  or 
Latin,  no  lingering  allowed  except 
on  rare  occasions,  50-52. 

Medicinse  (socius)  deputatus,  100,  104, 
185,  and  elsewhere. 

Medicinse  deputati,  list  of,  372-3. 

Merton  College,  negotiation  with,  for 
the  purchase  of  part  of  the  site  of 
C.  C.  C.,  65-7. 

—  plan  showing  this  portion  of  the  site, 
69. 

—  the  Warden  (Rawlyns)  subsequently 
deposed    for    this    alienation,    with 
other  offences,  66. 

—  composition    with,    for    exemption 
from  parochial  charges,  67. 

Metayer    system    survived    on   Corpus 

estates  in  i6th  century,  348-9. 
Metford,  James,  his  admission,  202. 

—  his  MS.  Letter  to  Joshua  Reynolds, 
202-3  an(i  elsewhere. 

—  his    answer    to    the    Parliamentary 
Visitors,  205-7. 

—  '  suffered  for  Original  Sin,'  207. 

—  his  account  of  the  expulsions  from 
Corpus  by  the  Parliamentary  Visitors, 
209-10. 

—  his   account  of  the  change  in  the 
personnel  of  the  College,  216-9. 

—  his  character  of  Dr.  Staunton,  217-8. 
Mews  or  Meaux,  Peter,  Bishop  of  Win- 
chester, 257,  264. 

Milles,  Jeremiah,  282. 

Milton's  Works,  235. 

Minister  used  for  Clericus,  about  the 

time  of  the  Commonwealth,  453-5. 
Ministri    Sacelli.     See  Chaplains    and 

Clerks. 
Mitre,  the  Founder's,  238. 

—  remains  of,  sold,  281. 

Modd,   John,   Chaplain,   his    repeated 

offences,  289-90,  296-7. 
Monastic   College,    Bp.    Foxe's  design 

of  founding  one   in  connexion  with 

St.  Swithun's  Priory  at  Winchester, 

60-3. 
Monmouth,  James,  Duke  of,  238. 

—  connexion  with  Corpus,  243-4,  439~ 
40. 

Montague,  James,  Bishop  of  Winchester, 

161,  181-2,  338-41. 
'  Montague  Vests,'  181-2,  338-41. 
More,  Sir  Thomas,  10,  23,  24,  93. 


474 


INDEX. 


Morice,  Nicholas,  his  Dialogue  entitled 
'  Nuttus,'  107-109,  122,  133-4,  13&- 
8,  145-6. 

—  its  probable  date,  133. 

—  antipathy  displayed   to   Cole,    107, 

133,  136-7- 

—  probable  deprivation  of,  by  Bishop 
Cooper,  145-6. 

—  his  admission,  153. 

Morley,  George,  Bishop  of  Winchester, 
his  first  General  Visitation  of  the 
College,  236-43. 

—  his  second  General  Visitation,  248- 

5i- 

—  his  wrath  against  the  College,  251-2. 

—  his   arrogance,  insolence,  and   self- 
assertion,  252-5. 

—  his   fondness    for  entertaining    and 
discussing  appeals,  254-5. 

—  his  death,  257. 
Morton,  Bishop  of  Ely,  5,  9. 
Morwen  (Morenus),  John,  86,  370. 
Morwent,  Robert,  President  1537-1558, 

his  connexion  and  that  of  his  family 
with  the  Founder's  birth-place  at 
Ropesley,  27,  28. 

—  his  benefactions  to  the  College,  34, 
100. 

—  nominated   by   the  Founder  '  sociis 
compar '   and  perpetual   Vice-Presi- 
dent, 85,  86. 

—  probably,  as  Vice-President,  lectured 
in  Theology,  88. 

—  nominated  as  Claymond's  successor 
by  the  Founder  himself,  89. 

—  account  of  him,  89-91,  97-100. 

—  his  friendly  relations  with  the  Under- 
graduates, 91. 

—  a    secret   adherent    of   the   Roman 
Catholic  Religion  throughout  Edward 
VI's  reign,  97,  98. 

—  sent  to  the  Fleet,  97. 

—  characteristic    of    him,    noticed    in 
Morice's  Dialogue,  122,  137. 

Morwent,  Walter,  Fellow  of  Merton, 
payments  to  him,  in  reference  to  pur- 
chase of  part  of  the  site  of  C.  C.  C., 
65,66. 

Moscroffe  or  Musgrave,  Thomas,  87, 88. 

'  Moucher'  or '  Mouther, 'Jacke,  probably 
used  for  Boccaccio,  118,  374-5. 

Muniments,  College,  quoted  or  referred 
to,  198  and  elsewhere. 

Murders,  condonation  of  actual  or  at- 
tempted, 238,  254,  279-80. 

Musgrave,  Thomas.     See  Moscroffe. 

Napier  or  Napper,  George,  126,  127. 
'  Narrations,'  regulations  regarding,  in 
154°,  92. 


Neile,    Bishop   of   Durham,   patron  of 

Jackson,  187,  189. 
Nettleship,  Henry,  325,  372,  421. 
Neve,  Timothy,  282. 
Nevyll's    Inn,    formerly   belonging    to 

Merton,  part  of  the  original  site  of 

the  College,  67. 

—  its  position,  69. 

—  a   portion   of    its   garden    now  the 
President's  garden,  68. 

New  College,  Warden  of.  See  Mag- 
dalen. 

Newlin  or  Newlyn  or  Nulin,  Robert, 
President  1640-8,  and  again  i66o-8J, 
his  admission,  183. 

—  overseer  of  Jackson's  Will,  192. 

—  account  of  his  antecedents  and  First 
Presidency,  194-6. 

—  his  Nepotism,  194-6,  233. 

—  his  Lodgings  broken   open   by   the 
Parliamentary  Visitors,  203. 

—  his  answer  to  them,  204,  211. 

—  his  expulsion,  210-12. 

—  his  restoration,  224,  232. 

—  the  interval  between  his  two  Presi- 
dencies, 233. 

—  account   of  his    second   Presidency, 
232-60. 

—  his  vacillation  or  double-dealing  in 
the  Fulman  business,  242. 

—  Bishop  Morley's  opinion  about  him, 

255- 

—  his  epitaph,  258. 

Newlyn,  Robert,  Clerk  of  Accompt, 
195-6,  214,  228-9,  233,  457- 

Newlyn,  Robert,  the  Scholar,  his  of- 
fence, 254. 

Newlyn,  Thomas,  Minister  of  Bix,  195. 

Non- Jurors,  270-1.    See  also  Jacobite. 

Norris,  James,  President  1843-1872, 
his  addition  to  the  President's  house, 

75- 

—  his  admission,  304. 

—  account  of  him,  3 1 8-9. 

—  his  death,  326. 

North,  Brownlow,  Bishop  of  Winchester, 

300. 

Northcote,  James  Spencer,  317. 
Nowell,  Robert,  'Spending  of  the  Money 

of,'  131,  149-51. 
Nun   Hall,  formerly  belonging  to  the 

Abbey    of    Godstow,    part    of    the 

original  site  of  the  College,  67,  68. 

—  its  position,  69. 

Oglethorpe,  James  Edward,  account  of 
him,  275. 

—  his  gift  to  the  Library,  275-6. 

—  keeps  his  name  on  the  books,  440. 
Oglethorpe,  Lewis,  440. 


INDEX. 


475 


Oldham,  Hugh,  Bishop  of  Exeter, '  prse- 
cipuus  benefactor,'  his  advice  to  the 
Founder,  21. 

—  his  life  and  character,  29-32. 

—  his  vast  preferment,  30. 

—  his  large  benefactions  to  Corpus,  30. 

—  daily    mass    said    for    him    in   the 
Chapel,  31. 

—  his  alleged  excommunication,  31. 

—  his  tomb  in  Exeter  Cathedral,  31. 

—  Founder    of    Manchester  Grammar 
School,  31. 

—  portrait  and  engraving  of  him,  32. 

—  one  Scholar  and  one  Fellow  to  be 
elected  from  the  County  of  Lancaster 
in  his  honour,  46,  47. 

Oriel  College,  proposition  from  to  effect 
an  exchange  of  houses  in  Oxford, 
302. 

Owdall,  Nicholas.     See  Udall. 

Owen,  John,  Dean  of  Ch.  Ch.,  223. 


Palmer,  Edwin,  326,  372,  420. 

Paris,  Foxe's  stay  at,  3,  4. 

Paris,  John,  said  to  have  never  received 

episcopal  orders,  242. 
Parker,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  128. 
Parker,  Timothy,  his  conduct  on  Staun- 

ton's  appointment,  and  expulsion,  212, 

215- 
Parkhurst,  John,  92,  94,  95. 

—  his  liberality  to  poor  students,  95. 
Parkinson,  James,  233. 

Parliament  meets  in  Oxford,  in  autumn 
of  1665,  243. 

—  and  again  in  spring  of  168°,  257. 
Parliamentary  Visitors,  account  of  their 

operations,  201-19,  227-8,  229-30. 

—  Professor  Burrows'  Register  of,  201. 

—  answers  of  members  of  Corpus  before, 
204-7,  208-9,  2I3>  218. 

—  expulsions    by  or  by  Committee   of 
Lords  and  Commons,  207-19. 

—  Metford's  graphic    account    of    his 
interview  with,  207. 

—  their  forbearance,  208,  212,  214. 

—  appointments  by  them  or  Committee 
of   Lords    and    Commons,    211-12, 
215. 

—  changes  made  by  them  in  the  person- 
nel of  the  College,  216-19. 

—  second  Board,  nominated  by  Com- 
mittee of  Parliament,  223. 

—  third  Board,  nominated  by  Cromwell, 
223. 

Parry,  Benjamin,  Bishop  of  Ossory,  259, 

400. 
Parry,    Henry,  Bishop   successively   of 

Gloucester  and  Worcester,  153. 


Pate,  Richard,  Founder  of  Cheltenham 
Grammar  School  and  Alms-houses, 
and  a  Benefactor  of  the  College,  34, 

35- 

—  his  admission,  86. 

Pate  Trust,  scheme  for  application  of, 

316. 
Pates,  Richard,   Bishop  of  Worcester, 

86,  88,  382. 
Patten,  Thomas,  282. 
Paullett,  William,the  Founder's  Steward, 

one  of  the  executors   of   his    will, 

21. 

—  his  subsequent  advancement  and  dis- 
tinctions, 32. 

Pauper  puer,  454. 

Pears,  Steuart  Adolphus,  317. 

Pellew,  Hon.  George,  Dean  of  Norwich, 

SOS- 
Pembroke  College,  Jackson  reads  lec- 
tures at,  1 86. 
Pembroke,  Philip,  Earl  of,  Chancellor 

of  the  University,  203,  207. 
Periwigs,  Bishop  Morley's  concern  about, 
249,  251-2,  255-6. 

—  A.  Wood's  reference  to,  255. 
Perry,  George  Gresley,  317. 

Peter  Martyr,  disinterment  and  re- 
burial  of  his  wife  Catherine,  91. 

—  his  saying,  when  he  heard  the  Corpus 
bell  ringing  to  Mass,  98. 

—  his  disputation  with  Cheadsey,  after- 
wards President  of  Corpus,  102. 

—  centre  of  a  literary  society  at  Stras- 
burg,  129. 

Phelps,  William,  302,  304. 

—  his  account   of  the   College  in   his 
days,  308-13. 

Phillpotts,    Henry,    Bishop   of  Exeter, 

298.  3°3- 
Plan  of  the  original  site  of  the  College, 

69. 
Plate,  the  Founder's,  some  of  it  still  in 

the  possession  of  the  College,  21. 

—  bequeathed  by  Claymond,  84. 

—  by  Morwent,  100. 

—  what  articles  still  existing  are  sacred, 
and  what  secular,  99. 

—  gold  chalice  and  paten,  still  existing, 
probably   included    in    Inventory   of 
Church  Goods  made  in  1566,  113. 

—  Inventory  of  the  President's  plate  in 
1677,  and  earlier,  152. 

—  rings  and  gold  box  containing  them, 
84,  192. 

— greater  part  of,  surrendered  to  Charles  I, 
200. 

—  question  how  the  College  managed 
to  retain  much  of  the  more  ancient 
plate,  200-201. 


476 


INDEX. 


Plate,  some  of  it  returned  by  the  ex- 
pelled Royalists,  228-9. 

—  the  Monmouth  tankard,  244. 

—  the  Hallifax  bowl,  259. 

—  some  damaged  in  1757,  289. 
Plate,  'gadged,'  i.e.  pawned,  in  pos- 
session of  the  College,  119. 

Pocock,  Edward,  the  Oriental  scholar, 
183-4.  250. 

Pocock,  Richard,  Bishop  of  Meath,  282. 

Pole,  Reginald,  Archbishop  of  Canter- 
bury, 58,  84-85,  382. 

Pollock,  Sir  Frederick,  328-9,  421. 

Polydore,  Vergil,  13-14,  16,  19. 

Person,  Richard,  mentioned,  296. 

Potenger,  John,  his  account  of  his 
election  and  College  life,  234-5. 

—  his  admission,  259. 

Poverty  of  Oxford  Students  in  the  i6th 

century,  93,  95. 
Prayers,  private,  obligation  of,  according 

to  Original  Statutes,  52. 
Presbyterian   Orders,   John   Paris  said 

only  to  have  received,  242. 
President,  his  qualifications  in  Original 

Statutes,  44,  45. 

—  to  be '  neque  episcopus,  necreligiosus,' 

44-  . 

—  curious  provision  for  composing  any 
implacable   strife    between   him  and 
any  of  the  Fellows,  56. 

—  Bishop  Cooper  on  the  importance  of 
maintaining  his  authority,  146-7. 

—  revenues   of   in    1649,   230;    about 
1700,  267;  and  in  1855,  342. 

—  ceremonies  observed  at  installation 
of,  319. 

President's    horses,    dispute    about    in 

1672,  246. 
President's    house,    probably    built    in 

I599>  72-4- 

—  enlargements  and  improvements,  73- 

5i  295- 

—  its  appearance  and  extent  in  Log- 
gan's  plan  (1675),  74. 

—  a  portion  of  the  site  leased  from  the 
City  and  afterwards  redeemed,  74. 

President's  Lodgings,  70. 

—  where  situated,  72. 

—  of  what  rooms  they  consisted,  73. 

—  occupied  concurrently  with  the  House 
for  more  than  eighty  years,  74, 152. 

President's  Servants,  43,  51,  143,  165, 

278,  342,  459-61. 
Presidents,  List  of,  379. 
Prizes  given  to  Students,  296,  298,  301, 

325- 

Probationary  Fellows.     See  Scholares. 
Professor  of  Latin  or  Humanity,  39. 
Professors.     See  Readers. 


Provisions,  rise  in  price  of,  in  i6th 
century,  346,  352. 

Prussia,  King  of,  his  stay  at  the  Presi- 
dent's Lodgings  at  Corpus,  300-1. 

Prynne,  his  attack  on  Jackson,  189-90. 

Pullock  s  Manor.     See  Ropesley. 

Punishments,  50,  51,  52,  53-5,  92,  94, 
96-7,  182,  203,  223-4,  285-7,  288- 
9>  297-8,  3*6,  359-68- 

—  Register  of,  51,  54,  196,  223-4,  279~ 
80,  359-68. 

Pnrsglove,  Robert,  Suffragan  Bishop  of 
Hull,  87,  451. 

Quadrangle,  front  or  large,  part  of  the 
original  building,  71. 

—  its  appearance  in  Loggan's  Plan,  76. 

—  addition   of  a   story  to   north   and 
west  sides,  77. 

—  refaced  about  1805,  78. 

—  present  Statue  of  the  Founder  put  up 
about  1817,  78. 

—  former  statue,  78. 
Quinquennial  Visitations  of  the  Visitor 

or  his  Commissary,  56,  57. 

Rainbow,  Edward,  Bishop  of  Carlisle, 

184. 

Raleigh,  Walter,  175,  437. 
Randolph,  Thomas,  President  1748-83, 

his  admission,  252. 

—  account  of  him,  283-5. 

—  his  death,  290. 

—  revival   of  the   College   during   his 
Presidency,  292-4,  368. 

Rave,  Jan.     See  Corvus. 

Rawlyns,  Warden  of  Merton,  deposed 
by  the  Visitor  for  his  share  in  the 
alienation  of  part  of  the  site  of 
C.C.C.,  formerly  belonging  to  Merton, 
amongst  other  charges,  66. 

Readers  (Public)  in  Greek,  38,  39. 

—  in  Latin,  39. 

—  in  Theology,  40,  58. 

—  (Private)  in  Logic,  41. 

—  in  Astronomy  and  Mathematics,  41. 

—  (at  Magdalen)  in  Theology,  40. 

—  in  Philosophy,  40. 

(The  regulations  with  regard  to  some 

of  these  Lecturers  include  the  books 

to  be  lectured  on.) 
Readers  (Public),  wide  area  from  which 

they  might  be  chosen,  58,  59. 
Readers  or  Lecturers,  early,  of  or  at 

Corpus,  58,  87-89. 

—  question  whether  they  were  the  same 
as  Wolsey's,  87-9. 

—  Brian  Twyne's   evidence    regarding 
them,  87,  88. 

—  Harpsfield's  evidence,  88. 


INDEX. 


477 


Readers  or  Lecturers,  early,  evidence  of 
College  documents,  87-9. 

Readers  in  Greek  and  Latin,  regulations 
regarding  the  '  repetitions '  conducted 
by  them,  issued  in  1540,  92. 

—  lists  of,  369-72. 

—  their  lectures  probably  ceased  to  be 
public  before  1700,  369. 

Recreations  permitted  to  Students  in 
Original  Statutes,  41,  42,  52,  53. 

Registers,  College,  xi,  210,  232,  380-2. 

Regnal  year,  omitted  after  the  Revolu- 
tion, 263. 

Renaissance  group  of  Colleges,  Corpus 
one  of  them,  37. 

Rents,  Corn  (Reditus  Frumentarii), 
333-6,  350-1- 

Rents,   Old  (Reditus  Antiqui),  333-4, 

337- 

Rents,  Rack,  332-3. 

'  Repetitions,'  Greek  and  Latin,  regula- 
tions regarding  in  1540,  92. 

Residence  throughout  the  year,  only 
slight  exemptions  from  in  Original 
Statutes,  42. 

—  large    number    of   seniors    residing 
about  1678,  256-7. 

—  M.A.  Scholars  relieved  from  in  1755, 
28.7. 

—  large  number    of  them   resident  in 
that  year,  288. 

Resignations,   corrupt,  of  Fellowships 

and  Scholarships,  248. 
Responsions  ('  in  parviso ')  commended 

in  the  Statutes,  41. 
Restoration,  changes  effected  by,  232-3. 

—  period,  low  state  of  morality  in,  254. 
Revenues  of  the  great  Sees,  their  large- 
ness in  1523,  19. 

Revenues  of  the  Colleges  at  that  time, 
19. 

Revenues  of  Corpus,  their  gradual  in- 
crease through  the  operation  of 
Statute,  ch.  43,  p.  36. 

—  their  amount  at  different  times,  19, 

57,  331,  340-2- 

—  assessment  on,  in  1592,  as  compared 
with  other  Colleges,  147. 

—  order  of  Parliamentary  Visitors  with 
regard  to,  229-30. 

—  their    flourishing   condition   in    Dr. 
Mather's  time,  281. 

—  surplus  revenues  invested  temporarily 
in  bonds,  the  Funds,  &c.,  289,  296. 

—  large  increase  of  value  of  Fellowships 
and  Scholarships,  circa  1814,  300. 

—  payments  to  individual  members  in 
1855,  342- 

Rewley  Meads,  34,  84,  zoo. 
Reynolds,  Edmund,  76, 126, 157, 159-60. 


Reynolds,  Edward,  Dean  of  Ch.  Ch., 

207,  212,  223. 
Reynolds,  Hierome,  108,  373. 

—  charges  brought  against  him  in  the 
Visitation  of  1566,  no,  &c. 

—  expelled,  112,  113. 

—  '  continued  in  the  Roman  Catholic 
Religion'  (Wood),  in. 

—  his   want   of    candour  in    charging 
Greenway  with  '  papistry,'  121. 

Reynolds  or  Rainolds,  John,  President 
1598-1607,  admitted,  124. 

—  recruited  the  finances,  127. 

—  his  high  character,  135,  137. 

—  personal  traits,  1 38. 

—  strong  antagonism  between  him  and 
Barefoot,  139-41. 

—  letters  written  by  him,  139-44. 

—  letters     written     from     Oxford     to 
Leicester  and   Walsingham,    recom- 
mending him  for  the  Headship,  140. 

—  expelled   by  Barefoot   and  restored 
by  the  Visitor,  140,  141. 

—  appointed  Dean  of  Lincoln,  141. 

—  letter  on  the  suspension  of  Sunday 
prayers  in  Lincoln  Cathedral,  142. 

—  his  action  in  the  matter  of  Spenser's 
election   to    the    Greek   Readership, 

!43>  J44- 

—  elected  President  of  C.C.C.,  142, 143. 

—  said  to  have   been  Hooker's  tutor, 

147.  158. 

—  probably  author  of  a  Work  disallowed 
by  Archbishop  Whitgift,  151. 

—  account  of  him,  157-69. 

—  his  prayer,  158. 

—  his  Confession  of  Faith,  164. 

—  his  epitaph,  164. 

—  portraits  of  him,  164. 

—  his  Will  and  the  disposition  of  his 
books,  164-5. 

—  testimonies    to    his    character    and 
learning,  165-7. 

—  account    of    disputations    with    his 
brothers  Edmund  and  William,  159, 
167. 

—  his  appeal  touching  Fines,  344-51. 
Reynolds,  Joshua,  his  account  of  the 

change  of  personnel  at  the  Restora- 
tion, 232-3. 

—  his  admission,  272. 

—  his  letter  relating  to  Basil  Kennett, 
274. 

Reynolds,  Samuel,  father  of '  Sir  Joshua,' 

272. 
Reynolds,  Thomas,  Warden  of  Merton, 

!57- 

Reynolds,  William,  157,  167. 
Rhetoric,  study  of,  denounced  by  Jewel, 

95- 


INDEX. 


Richard  III,  his  hostility  to  Foxe,  4. 

Richards,  John  William,  317. 

Rings,  and  gold  box  containing  them, 
84,  192-3,  229. 

Ritchell  case,  25(5-1. 

Rogers,  John,  271. 

Rogers,  Thomas  Englesby,  317. 

Roman  Catholic  Religion,  Morwent  and 
probably  a  majority  of  the  Fellows 
secret  adherents  of,  throughout  Ed- 
ward VI's  reign,  97,  98. 

—  leaven  of  secret  Romanism  continued 
to  work  long  after  the  Reformation,  99. 

—  charges  of  '  Papistry,'  117-23,  125. 

—  strength  and  numbers  of  the  Roman 
Catholic   party  at   Corpus   in  1568, 
124-29. 

—  Tripp  and  Morice  both  regarded  as 
inclined  to   Romanism,  133-4,  135, 
145-6. 

—  search  of   bed- rooms,  in    1569,   for 
compromising  objects,  134. 

—  precautions  against  concealed  Roman- 
ists after  the  Revolution,  263-4. 

Ropesley,  the  Founder's  birth-place,  I, 

4>  5>  22,  27-9>  288-9. 
Rosewell,  John,  231,  234-5. 
Routh,  Dr.,  his  opinion  with  regard  to 

running  out  leases,  332. 
Rowe,  John,  231. 
Rowneys,  their  connexion  with  Corpus, 

228. 

Ruskin,  John,  Hon.  Fellow,  326,  421. 
Rustica   Academise    Oxon.    nuper   Re- 

formatae  Descriptio,  macaronic  verses 

from,  relating  to  Staunton  and  Corpus, 


Sacerdos  used  for  Clericus  in  time  of 
James  I  and  Charles  I,  453. 

Sacrament  of  the  Lord's  Supper,  Daniel 
Agas  required  by  Bishop  Morley  to 
receive  regularly,  242. 

—  enquiries  as  to  frequency  of  adminis- 
tration and  constancy  of  attendance, 
249. 

St.  Frideswide,  Prior  and  Convent  of, 
sell  Urban  Hall  and  Beke's  Inn  to 
Bishop  Foxe,  for  the  site  of  his  Col- 
lege, 68. 

St.  Mary  Spital,  sermons  of  President 
and  Fellows  at,  105. 

St.  Paul's,  sermons  of  President  and 
Fellows  at,  105,  118,  120. 

St.  Paul  or  Sampole,  Sir  George,  a 
benefactor  of  the  College,  35. 

—  his  admission,  156,  434. 

—  Lady,  also  a  benefactor,  35. 

St.  Peter's  in  the  East,  Oxford,  sermons 
at,  40,  121,  297,  315-16. 


Samwaies,  Richard,  184,  197. 
Sanatorium  at  Witney,  92,  93. 
Sandys,  Sir  Edwin,  Hooker's  pupil, 

J53-4,  434- 
Sarum,  Use  of,  to  be  followed  in  the 

Chapel,  48. 
Schepreve,    John,    principal    authority 

for  Claymond's  life,  79. 
—  Wood's  account  of  him,  79. 

—  his  Pagan  phraseology,  83,  84. 

—  his  admission,  86. 

—  Greek  Reader,  79,  88,  370. 
'Scholares'  (or  Probationary  Fellows), 

their  qualifications  in   Original  Sta- 
tutes, 46,  47. 

—  in  almost  all  cases,  taken  from  the 
Discipuli,  47. 

—  rule  of  succession,  47. 

—  exceptional     length    of    probation, 

47- 

Scholars.     See  Discipuli. 
Scott,  William.     See  Stowell,  Lord. 
Scrutiny,  annual,  240,  249. 
Sealing  money,  332,  334,  350-1. 
Seals,  the  College,  228. 
Servants,  this  name  often  given  formerly 

to  secretaries,  chaplains,  and  pages, 

213. 
Servants  (private),  often  brought  from 

home,  50,  102. 
Servants,  recognised   College   ('famuli 

Collegii '),  43,  48,  49. 

—  originally,   sometimes   students,  43, 

63- 

—  more  on  a  social  level  with  the  other 
members  of  the  College  than  at  pre- 
sent, 43,  212-13. 

—  gowns  provided  for,  53. 

—  in  the   1 7th  century,  some  of  them 
still  lived  within  the  College,  70. 

—  their  offices,  but  not  names,  occur  in 
the  Buttery  Books,  257,  260. 

—  at  middle  and  end  of  i7th  century, 
most  of  them  of  mature  age,  260. 

—  list  of,  457-61. 

Service,  in  the  i6th  century,  implied  no 
degradation,  50,  51. 

—  the  feeling  that  it  did,  seems  to  have 
sprung  up  in  the  middle  of  the  I7th 
century,  51. 

Servitors,  43,   50,  226,  260,  426,  438, 

451,  454- 

Settlement  of  the  Society  in  151^,  57, 
58,  82. 

Seven  Bishops,  portraits  of  them,  in  the 
President's  Lodgings,  262. 

Sheldon,  Gilbert,  Archbishop  of  Can- 
terbury, 192,  195. 

Shepreve,  John.     See  Schepreve. 

Sidgwick,  Arthur,  323,  328,  421. 


INDEX. 


479 


Simpson  (Hicks'),  Edward,  318. 
Singing  Bread,  356-7. 
Site,  original,  of  the  College,  plan  of,  69. 
Smith,    H.   J.   S.,  elected   Professorial 

Fellow,  328,  421. 
Smythe,  Mylles,  Bishop  of  Gloucester, 

150,  156,  163. 
Social  relations  of  the  Undergraduates 

at  Corpus,  as  described  by  Sir  John 

Coleridge,  307. 

—  by  Archdeacon  Phelps,  308-13. 
Somatochristiani,  a  name  for  the  mem- 
bers of  Corpus  in  the  i6th  century,  93. 

Somers,  First  Earl,  442. 

Somerset,  Edward,  K.G.,  Earl  of  Wor- 
cester, 156. 

it  Sons  of  the  Clergy,'  Corporation  of, 
Turner's  munificent  bequest  to,  269- 
70. 

Spenser,  John,  President  1607-14,  dis- 
pute with  regard  to  his  election  to 
the  Greek  Readership,  143-4. 

—  his  admission,  154,  391. 

—  one  of  the  Translators  of  the  Au- 
thorised Version  of  the  Bible,   163, 
171-2. 

—  account  of  him,  170-5. 

—  his  monument  and  epitaph,  172, 175. 

—  his  connexion  with  Hooker's  Works, 
172-4. 

'  Spoilers,'  Bishop  Bilson's  precautions 
against,  353. 

Stage-Plays,  controversy  between  Dr. 
Reynolds  and  Dr.  Gager  on  law- 
fulness of,  1 68. 

Statutes  (Original)  of  the  College,  37- 

57- 

—  when   first  given   by  the   Founder, 
and  when  supplemented,  37. 

—  their  peculiar  interest,  37. 

—  Preamble  and  Preface,  37,  38. 

—  their  greatest  novelty,  the  institution 
of  a  public  Reader  in  Greek,  38. 

—  regulations  as  to  lecturers,  lectures, 
private  teaching,  examinations,  exer- 
cises, and  disputations,  38-42. 

—  what  recreations  were  permitted  to 
students,  41,  42. 

—  Vacation  work,  41,  42. 

—  residence  in  Vacations  the  rule,  42. 

—  occasional  leave  to  travel,  42. 

—  number  and  different  grades  of  stu- 
dents, 42-4. 

—  Gentlemen-Commoners,  43. 

—  servants  ('  famuli  Collegii '),  43,  48, 

49- 

—  qualifications  of  the  President,  44, 45. 

of  the  '  Discipuli,'  4?,  46. 

of  the  'Scholares'  or  Probationary 

Fellows,  46,  47. 


Statutes  (Original),  qualifications  of 
the  Chaplains,  Clerks,  and  Choris- 
ters, 47,  48. 

—  position    and  duties    of   the   Clerk 
of  Accompt  ('Clericus  Computi'),  49. 

—  regulations    with    regard    to    laun- 
dresses, 49. 

—  domestic     arrangements — chambers 
and  beds,  49,  50. 

—  service  in  the  rooms,  50. 

—  meals,  the  number,  times,  order  of 
sitting,  waiting,  reading  and  exposi- 
tion of  the  Bible,  conversation  to  be 
only  in  Greek  and  Latin,  no  lingering 
allowed    except   on    rare    occasions, 
50-52. 

—  chapel  services  and  private  prayers, 

52- 

—  stringency  of  discipline  and  punish- 
ments for  breach  of  rules,  53-5. 

—  each   Scholar  to  be  assigned  to   a 
Tutor,  53,  54. 

—  gowns  of  uniform  colour  to  be  pro- 
vided for  all  members  of  the  College, 
servants  included,  53. 

—  early  closing  of  the  gates,  55. 

—  effectiveness  of  the  system  enjoined 
in  these  Statutes,  and  the  causes  of  its 
decay,  55. 

—  curious     provision     for    composing 
strife  between  the  President  and  any 
of  the  Fellows,  56. 

—  the  powers,  duties,  and  limitations 
of  the  Visitor  and  his  Commissary, 

56,  57- 

—  power  given  to  the   President   and 
P'ellows  to  issue  ordinances  not  con- 
trary to  the  Statutes,  57. 

—  spirit  of,  in  later  times,  sacrificed  to 
the  letter,  288. 

—  equitable  and  liberal  construction  of, 
by  Bishop  Hoadley,  286-7;  by  Bishop 
North,  300. 

—  letter  of,  sometimes  strained,  to  carry 
out  the  spirit,  341. 

Statutes  of  1856,  325. 
Statutes  of  1882,  328. 

—  subsequent  alterations  in,  329. 
Staunton,  Edmund,  President  1648-60, 

noticed,  182. 

—  his  admission,  183. 

—  Life  of,  by  Mayow,  195,  198-9. 

—  placed  on  Examination  Committee, 
208-9. 

—  constituted     President     of    Corpus, 

2JI-I2. 

—  character  given  of  him  by  Metford, 
217-18. 

—  account  of  his  life,  from  Mayow  and 
other  sources,  219-25. 


48o 


INDEX. 


Staunton,  Edmund,  his  religious  disci- 
pline and  its  probable  results,  221-3. 

—  his  rigorous  rule,  223-4,  363. 

—  his  Works,  225. 

Steward,   name   sometimes   applied   to 

Clerk  of  Accompt,  457. 
Steward  of  the  Hall,  5 1 . 
Stewart,  Hon.  Charles  James,  Bishop 

of  Quebec,  304-5. 
Stowell,  Lord,  290-1,  301. 
Subscriptions :    to    University   of    De- 

bretzen  in  Hungary,  288. 
- —  towards     charitable     objects,     289, 

295-6.  315.  3i6. 

—  towards  ecclesiastical   objects,    289, 
298-9,  301,  302,  315. 

—  to  Queen's  College,  on  occasion  of 
fire,  289. 

—  towards    academical    objects,    297, 
316. 

—  to  the  refugee  French  Clergy,  297-8. 

—  towards  patriotic  objects,  298. 

—  to  the  '  suffering  inhabitants  of  Rus- 
sia,' 299. 

—  to  the  '  German  sufferers,'  300. 

—  to  King's  College,  London,  315. 
Succession  to  Fellowships,  slowness  of, 

about  1678,  256. 

—  again,  about  I755>  287-8. 
Sumner,    Charles   Richard,    Bishop    of 

Winchester,  his  attitude  towards  the 
University  Commission,  321. 
Swayne,  George  Carless,  317. 

Taunton  Grammar  School,  founded  by 

Bishop  Foxe,  22. 
Tayler,  Leonard,  138. 
Tenants,  alleged  miserable  condition  of, 

136,  137- 

—  'wringing'  them  forbidden  by  Bishop 
Bilson,  352. 

Tenterden,  Lord,  291,  296. 
Tercentenary,  celebration  of,  301. 
'Terrse  emptse,'  36,  339,  342. 
Theology,  Lectures  in,  and  books  to  be 

lectured  on,  39,  40. 
Tighe,  Hugh  Usher,  305. 
Tower,  coin  originally  kept  in,  281. 
Tower   Book,  referred  to,    280-1    and 

elsewhere. 
Tower  Fund,  36,  72,  74,  78,  340-1,  and 

elsewhere. 

—  its  origin  and  object,  337,  339,  341. 
Travel,  leave   to,  in  certain  cases,  42, 

85-6. 
Tripp,  Simon,  105,  131. 

—  his  '  fatalis  oratio,'  122. 

—  his  Letters,  Speeches,  &c.,  133-7. 

—  his  character,  135-6. 
Tucker,  John,  312. 


Tuition,  character  and  excellence  of,  at 
Corpus  in  the  days  of  Arnold  and 
Phelps,  306-7,  308,  310-12. 

Turnbull,  Charles,  85,  153,  183. 

Turner,  Dr.  Thomas,  President  i68£- 
1714,  a  great  benefactor  of  the  Col- 
lege, 36. 

—  his  buildings,  77. 

—  his  addition  to  the  President's  house, 

74,  75- 

—  circumstances    connected    with    his 
election  as  Scholar,  241. 

—  his  admission,  259. 

—  account  of  his  Life  and  Presidency, 
261-72. 

—  supposed    Jacobite    sympathies    of, 
263,  265-7. 

—  monuments  to  his  memory  at  Corpus 
and  Stowe  Nine  Churches,  267-8. 

—  his  Will,  268-70. 

—  his  writings  and  theological  opinions, 
270-1. 

Turner,  Thomas,  Dean  of  Canterbury, 

the  President's  father,  262. 
Turner,    Francis,    Bishop   of    Ely,   the 

President's  brother,  262. 
Turner's  or  Fellows'  Buildings,  36,  77, 

264-6,  268-70. 
Turner,  Sir  William  (Bishop  Morley's 

assessor),  237-9. 

—  murder  committed  by  his  son,  238. 
Tutors.each  Scholar,  in  Original  Statutes, 

to  be  assigned  to  a  Tutor,  53,  54. 

—  selected    in    I7th    century    by   the 
student's  friends,  234. 

—  Potenger's  relations  with  his  Tutor, 

234-5- 

Tutors  (private)  often  brought  from 
home,  50,  102,  120.  Cp.  295. 

—  Fellows  of  Colleges  probably  often 
acted  as,  to  boys  yet  unmatriculated, 

154- 

Twyne,  Brian,  his  Collectanea  (MS. 
280  in  College  Library)  and  other 
MSS.,  quoted  passim. 

—  a  benefactor  to  the  Library,  36. 

—  his  evidence  with  regard  to  the  early 
Lecturers,  87,  88. 

—  his  admission,  155. 

—  supposed  to  have  been  born  hi  an 
unstatutable  county,  155. 

—  Fulman's  obligations  to,  viii. 

—  Wood's  obligations  to,  155. 
Twyne,  Thomas,  father  of  Brian,  109. 

Udall    or    Owdall,    Nicholas,   86,   89, 

370-1- 

Undergraduates,  small  numbers  of,  about 
1678,  256-7. 

—  about  1755,  288. 


INDEX. 


481 


Undergraduates,  small  numbers  of, 
about  1815,  308-9. 

—  numbers  almost  stationary  from  1762 
to  1850,  321. 

Urban  Hall,  formerly  belonging  to  St. 
Frideswide,  part  of  the  original  site 
of  the  College,  68. 

—  its  position,  69. 

—  its   Refectory  probably  the  present 
Kitchen,  68. 

Usher,  Archbishop  of  Armagh,  193. 

Vacations,  work  prescribed  for,  in  Origi- 
nal Statutes,  41,  42. 

Vase,  presented  by  the  King  of  Prussia 
to  the  President's  Lodgings,  300-1, 
312. 

Vaughan,  Edmund,  184. 

—  his  Life  of  Jackson,  185-93. 
Vaughan  Thomas,  152,  299,301,316. 
Vessels,  Sacred.      See    Chapel    Orna- 
ments. 

Vestments.     See  Chapel  Ornaments  and 

Copes. 
Vestry,  probably  taken  down  in  1675-6, 

76,  258-9,  357-8, 
Vice-President,  acted  as  Moderator  in 

the   Divinity    Disputations,    139-40, 

186.     Cp.  58. 
Visitation  of  the  College  by  Cranmer, 

84.  » 

—  by  Edward  VI's  Commissioners,  99- 
100. 

—  by  Bishop  Gardiner's  Commissioners, 
95-8- 

—  by  Elizabeth's  Commissioners,  104, 
106. 

—  by  Bishop  Home  in  1561,  106. 

—  through  Dr.  Acworth  in  1566,1 10-23. 

—  by  Royal  Commission  in  1568,  126, 
129. 

—  by  Bishop  Home  in  1576,  132. 

—  by  the  Parliamentary  Visitors,  201- 
19,  227-30.     (See  further  under  Par- 
liamentary Visitors.) 

—  first,  by  Bishop  Morley,  236-43. 

—  second,  by  Bishop  Morley,  248-51. 
Visitor  of  the  College,  the  Founder's 

provisions  with  respect  to  his  powers, 
duties,  and  the  limitations  of  his  office, 
56,  57; 

—  he  might  act   at  his   Quinquennial 
Visitation    through    a    Commissary, 
whose  powers,  however,  were  much 
more  limited  than  those  of  the  Visitor 
himself,  56,  57. 

—  arbitrary  conduct  of  Bishop  Home, 

125-8- 

—  informal  action  of  Bishop  Cooper  in 
respect  of  Nicholas  Morice,  145-6. 


Visitor's  decisions  and  decrees :  Poy- 
net's  in  1551  on  the  necessity  of  as- 
suming Holy  Orders,  100. 

—  three  of  White's,  Feb.,  155!,  104, 
105. 

—  Home's,  in  1562    (remarking  inci- 
dentally on  the  repeated  violation  of 
the  Statute  concerning  assuming  Holy 
Orders,  and  insisting  on  its  observa- 
tion), 123,  124. 

—  Bishop  Watson's,  in  1580,  restoring 
J.  Reynolds,  R.  Hooker,  and  other 
Fellows,  wrongfully  expelled  by  Bare- 
foot, 141. 

—  Bishop     Home's,     in     1578,     with 
regard   to   the   disputed   election    of 
Spenser   to   the    Greek    Readership, 
144. 

—  Bishop  Cooper's,  in  159$,  on  the  im- 
portance  of  maintaining  the    Presi- 
dent's authority,  146-7. 

—  Bishop  Bilson's,  on  the  disposition 
of  Fines,  337.351-4- 

—  Bishop  Bilson's  in  1603,  on  granting 
graces  for  Degrees,  169. 

—  Counsel  heard  in  the  dispute  regard- 
ing Anyan's  election  to  the  President- 
ship, 176. 

—  Bishop  Montague's  in i6if ,  on  voting 
in  University  elections,  and  sanction- 
ing   the    additional    allowance    for 
'vests,'  181,  338-41. 

—  Bishop    Montague's,  in  i6i|,  sanc- 
tioning extra   payments   to   College 
Officers,  182,  338. 

—  order  of  Parliamentary  Visitors  with 
regard    to    distribution    of    College 
revenues,  229-30. 

—  Bishop  Morley's  decree  in  the  Ful- 
man  case,  236. 

-  —  in  the  Agas  case,  240-2. 
—  in  the  Cnrtois  case,  252-4. 

respecting  Periwigs,  255-6. 

his  power  in   the  Ritchell  case 

disputed,  250-1. 

numerous  appeals  made  to  and 

encouraged  by  him,  254-5. 

—  Bishop  Willis'  decision  in  the  Ays- 
cough  case,  279. 

—  the  Visitors  support  the  College  in 
maintaining  discipline,  285,  286. 

—  Bishop    Hoadley's    permission,    re- 
lieving M.A.  Scholars  from  residence, 
287. 

—  excellence    of    Bishop   Hoadley   as 
Visitor,  286-7. 

and  of  Bishop  North,  300. 

—  Bishop  North's  decision  in  the  case 
of  Matthew  Arnold,  serving  as  Army 
Chaplain,  300. 


I  1 


482 


INDEX. 


Visitor's  decisions  and  decrees  :  Bishop 
North's,  with  reference  to  extending 
the  Property  limitation  on  Fellow- 
ships and  Scholarships,  300. 

—  Bishop  Tomline's,  dispensing    with 
provision  causing  unnecessary  delay 
in  taking  the  B.A.  Degree,  302. 

Viva  Voce  rendering,  questioning,  and 
answering  practised  in  College  Lec- 
tures at  Corpus  in  Arnold's  time,  307. 

Vives  Ludovicus,  58,  71. 

—  his  bees,  85,  87,  88,  370-1,  381. 

Wadham,  Nicholas,  was  he  a  Commoner 
of  Ch.  Ch.  or  C.  C.  C.  ?  101-2. 

Wake-day  at  Heyford,  120. 

Walshe,  Thomas,  Dean  of  the  College 
in  Queen  Mary's  time,  97,  98. 

Walsingham,  Sir  Francis,  160. 

Walton,   Izaak,    his  Life   of    Hooker, 

T47-9»  I53~3- 

—  his  account  of  Corpus,  153. 

—  his  notices  of  Hooker's  pupils,  Edwin 
Sandys  and  George  Cranmer,  153-4. 

Ward,   Hon.  J.  W.,  aft.  First   Earl  of 

Dudley,  305. 
Warham,    Archbishop    of  Canterbury, 

10,  12,  13,  14,  15,  66. 
Warwick,   Ambrose  Dudley,   Earl   of, 

139,  140. 
Warwick,  Countess  of,  a  benefactress  of 

the  College.     See  Lady  St.  Paul. 
Wase,  Christopher,  401-2. 
Watson,  Bishop  of  Winchester,  restores 

Reynolds,  Hooker,  and  other  Fellows 

expelled  by  Barefoot,  141. 
Webb,  George,   Bishop  of   Limerick, 

169. 

Westminster   Abbey,  sermons  of  Pre- 
sident and  Fellows  at,  105. 
Whiston's  insinuation  that  Turner  never 

took  the  Abjuration  Oath,  266-7. 

—  his  testimony  to  Turner's  character, 
267. 

Whitaker,  John,  290. 

Williams,    George,    291,    305-6,    316, 

373- 
Wilson,  John  Matthias,  President  1872- 

8l>  3J7>  3*9,  320,  326-8,  421. 
Winchester,  Bishop   of,  Visitor  of  the 

College,  56. 

—  Cathedral,  Foxe's  architectural  works 
at,  8,  9,  22. 


Winchester  Cathedral,  Frost's  contribu- 
tion to  side  screens,  33,  34. 

—  St.  Swithun's  Priory,  Bishop  Foxe's 
design  of  founding  a  monastic  College 
in  connexion  with,  60-3. 

—  Hospital  of  St.  Cross,  Foxe's  work 
at,  22. 

Claymond,  Master  of,  81. 

—  Dean  and  Chapter  of,  to  take  place 
of  Prior  and  Convent,  104. 

Windsor,  Miles,  Antiquary,    101,   107, 

126. 
Windsor,    or   Windesor,    Thomas,    his 

connexion  with  the   concealment   of 

the  Chapel  goods  at  the  beginning  of 

Elizabeth's  reign,  110-13. 
Wines,   change   in   character   of  those 

drunk  between  1820  and  1830,  323. 
Witney,  sanatorium  at,  92,  93. 

—  advantages  of  the  life  at,  dilated  on 
by  Tripp,  135. 

—  Staunton  s  connexion  with,  2  20. 
Wolsey,  his  relations  with  Foxe,  15-20. 

—  his  confidence  in  Claymund,  82. 
Wolsey's  College,  82,  87. 
Wolsey's  Lectures,  87,  88. 

—  question  whether  they  were  the  same 
as  Foxe's,  87-9. 

Wood,  Antony,  quoted  passim. 

—  supposed  to  be  indebted  for  much  of 
his  information  to  Brian  Twyne,  155. 

—  frequently  appropriates  the  language 
of  other  authors  without  acknowledg- 
ment, 168,  173. 

—  complains    of    the    authorities     of 
Corpus,  because  he  was  not  allowed 
to  see  Fulman's  collections,  198. 

—  when  his  writings  fail  us,  26 1 . 

—  striking  instance  of  his  carelessness, 

435- 

—  not  always  a  safe  authority,  viii-ix. 

—  my  obligations  to,  viii. 
Wood-yard,  72>  77- 

Worcester,    Edward    Somerset,    K.G., 

Earl  of,  156. 

Worsley,  Sir  Richard,  292. 
Wotton,  Edward,  58,  85-6,  88-9,  369- 

71- 

Wright,  Dr.,  Archdeacon  of  Oxford,  a 
Royal  Commissioner  under  Mary  and 
Elizabeth,  98,  106. 

Yeoman,  meaning  of  word,  i. 


THE   END. 


1 


©yforo  Ibistorical  Society 


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C.  PLUMMER,  M.  A.  (Contents  :  —  a,  Nicolai  Fierberti  Oxoniensis 
Academiae  descriptio,  1602  :  b.  Leonard  Hutton  on  the  Antiquities 
of  Oxford;  c.  Queen  Elizabeth  at  Oxford,  1566  [pieces  by 
J.  Bereblock,  Thomas  Nele,  Nich.  Robinson,  and  Rich.  Stephens, 
with  appendixes]  :  d.  Queen  Elizabeth  at  Oxford,  1592,  by  Philip 
Stringer  :  e.  Apollinis  et  Musarum  Eidyllia  per  Joannem  Sandford, 
)>  PP-  xxxii+3i6.  (IO.T.) 


1887. 

9.  Letters  of  Richard  Radclifie  and  John  James,  of  Queen's 

College,    Oxford,   1749-83:    edited    by   MARGARET    EVANS. 
pp.  xxxvi  +  3o6.     (15^.,  to  members  of  Queen's  los.  6d.) 

10.  Register  of  the  University  of  Oxford,  vol.  II  (1571-1622), 
part  1.  Introductions.  Edited  by  the  Rev.  ANDREW  CLARK,  M.A. 
pp.  xxxii  +  468. 


1887-8. 

11.  Do.  part  2.     Matriculations  and  Subscriptions.     Edited  by 

the  Rev.  ANDREW  CLARK,  M.A.     pp.  xvi  +  424.     (i8j.) 

1888. 

12.  Do.  part  3.    Degrees.    Edited  by  the  Rev.  ANDREW  CLARK,  M.A. 

pp.  viii  +  448.     (17*.) 

13.  Hearne's  Collections  [as  No.  2  above].     Vol.  III.     (25  May 

1710  —  14  December,  1712),  pp.  viii  +  5i6.     (i6.y.) 

1889. 

14.  Register  of  the  University  of  Oxford,  vol.  II,  part  4.   Index. 

Edited  by  the  Rev.  ANDREW  CLARK,  M.A.,  pp.  viii  +  468.     (17*.) 

15.  Wood's  History  of  the  City  of  Oxford.    New  Edition.    By  the 

Rev.  ANDREW  CLARK,  M.  A.  Vol.  I.  The  City  and  Suburbs.  With 
three  Maps  and  several  Diagrams,  pp.  xii  +  66o.  (25^.,  to 
citizens  of  Oxford  20^.  ;  the  two  Maps  of  old  Oxford  separately, 
not  folded,  is.  6d.,  to  citizens  is.) 

1890. 

16.  Collectanea,  2nd  series,  edited  by  Professor  MONTAGU  BURROWS. 

(Contents  :—  a.  The  Oxford  Market,  by  O.  Ogle  ;  b.  The  Uni- 
versity of  Oxford  in  the  Twelfth  Century,  by  T.  E.  Holland  ; 
c.  The  Friars  Preachers  of  the  University,  edited  by  H.  Rashdall; 


PUBLICATIONS  (continued). 

d.  Notes  on  the  Jews  in  Oxford,  by  A.  Neubauer;  e.  Linacre's 
Catalogue  of  Grocyn's  Books,  followed  by  a  Memoir  of  Grocyn, 
by  the  Editor;  f.  Table-Talk  and  Papers  of  Bishop  Hough, 
1703-1743,  edited  by  W.  D.  Macray;  g.  Extracts  from  the 
'  Gentleman's  Magazine '  relating  to  Oxford,  1731-1800,  by  F.  J. 
Haverfield.  Appendix:  Corrections  and  Additions  to  Collectanea, 
vol.  I.  (Day-book  of  John  Dome,  Bookseller  at  Oxford,  A.D. 
1520,  by  F.  Madan,  including  'A  Half-century  of  Notes'  on 
Dome,  by  Henry  Bradshaw.)  With  one  diagram,  pp.xii  +  5i8.(i6j.) 

17.  Wood's  History  of  the  City  of  Oxford  [as  No.  15  above]. 
Vol.  II.  Churches  and  Religious  Houses.  With  Map  and 
Diagram,  pp.  xii  +  550.  (20^.,  to  citizens  of  Oxford,  i6s. ;  Map 
of  Oxford  in  1440,  separately,  not  folded,  gd.,  to  citizens,  6d.) 


1890-91. 

18.  Oxford  City  Documents,  financial  and  judicial,  1268-1665. 

Selected  and  edited  by  J.  E.  THOROLD  ROGERS,  late  Drummond 
Professor  of  Political  Economy  in  the  University  of  Oxford, 
pp.  viii  +  44o+2  loose  leaves.  (i2s.) 

1891. 

19.  The  Life  and  Times  of  Anthony  Wood,  antiquary,  of 

Oxford,  1632-1695,  described  by  Himself.  Collected  from 
his  Diaries  and  other  Papers,  by  the  Rev.  ANDREW  CLARK,  M.A. 
Vol.1:  1632-1663.  With  Illustrations,  pp.  xvi  +  52o.  (20.?.) 

20.  The  Grey  Friars  in  Oxford.     Part  I,  A  History  of  the  Con- 

vent ;  Part  II,  Biographical  Notices  of  the  Friars,  together  with 
Appendices  of  original  documents.  By  ANDREW  G.  LITTLE,  M.A. 
pp.  xvi+372.  (i6j.) 

1892. 

21.  The  Life  and  Times  of  Anthony  Wood  [as  No.  19].  Vol.  II. 

1664-1681.    With  Illustrations,    pp.  xxviii  +  576.    (20^.) 

22.  Beminiscences  of   Oxford,  by  Oxford  men,  1559-1850. 

Selected  and  edited  by  LILIAN  M.  QUILLER  COUCH,  pp. 
xvi+430.  (17*.,  to  members  of  the  University  los.  6d.) 


PUBLICATIONS  (continued). 

1892-93. 

/ 

23.  Index  to  Wills  proved  and  Administrations  granted  in 

the  Court  of  the  Archdeacon  of  Berks,  1508-1652.  Edited 
by  W.  P.  W.  PHILLIMORE,  M.A.  (Issued  in  conjunction  with 
the  British  Record  Society.)  pp.  viii  + about  220.  (ioj.) 

1893. 

24.  Three  Oxfordshire  Parishes.     A  History  of  Kidlington, 

Yarnton  and  Begbroke.  By  Mrs.  BRYAN  STAPLETON.  With 
a  coloured  map.  pp.  xvi  +  400.  ( 1 5 s.) 

25.  The  History  of  Corpus  Christi  College,  with  Lists  of  its 

Members.  By  THOMAS  FOWLER,  D.D.,  President  of  the 
College.  With  illustrations,  pp.  xvi +  482.  (i  7 s.,  to  members 
of  Corpus  1 2 s.  6d.) 

Forthcoming  Publications  (subject  to  alteration). 

1894. 

26.  The  Life  and  Times  of  Anthony  Wood  [as  No.  19].  Vol.  Ill : 

168^-1695.    With  Illustrations,    pp.  xxx  +  546. 

[now  ready  for  issue  to  members  who  have  paid  their 
subscription  for  1894;  but  not yet  published^ 


The  4th  (and  last)  vol.  of  CLARK'S  edition  of  Wood's  Life  and  Times, 
the  3rd  (and  last)  vol.  of  the  same  Editor's  Wood's  History  of 
the  City  of  Oxford,  the  Cartulary  of  St.  Frideswides  edited  by 
the  Rev.  S.  R.  WIGRAM,  the  4th  vol.  of  Hearnes  Diaries  edited 
by  C.  E.  DOBLE,  Esq.,  the  Place  Names  of  the  diocese  of  Oxford, 
and  other  volumes  are  in  active  preparation. 


A  full  description  of  the  Society's  work  and  objects  can  be  obtained  by  applica- 
tion to  any  of  the  Committee  (Rev.  ANDREW  CLARK,  30  Warnborough  Road ; 
P.  LYTTELTON  CELL,  Esq.,  Headington  Hill;  FALCONER  MADAN,  Esq.  (Hon. 
Treasurer),  90  Banbury  Road ;  the  Rev.  the  PROVOST  OF  QUEEN'S  COLLEGE 
(Dr.  MAGRATH);  and  C.  L.  SHADWELL,  Esq.,  Frewin  Hall,  Oxford).  The 
annual  subscription  is  one  guinea,  and  the  published  volumes  as  a  set  can  be 
obtained  by  new  members  at  one-fourth  the  published  price  (i.e.  10.T.  Qd. 
a  year). 

fan.  1893. 


Fowler,  T.  -  The  history  of  Corpus 
Chris ti  College. 


PONTIFICAL  INSTITUTE 
OF    MEDIAEVAL  STUDIES 

59  QUEEN'S  PARK 
TORONTO  5.  CANADA 


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