Full text of "History of the counties of Gloucester, Salem, and Cumberland New Jersey, with biographical sketches of their prominent citizens"

974.901

GSlcus

V.2

1588379

REYNOLDS HISTORICJTC
GENEALOGY COLLECTION

3 1833 02250 7468

Digitized by the Internet Archive

in 2010 with funding from

Allen County Public Library Genealogy Center

http://www.archive.org/details/historyofcountie02cush

HISTOEY

COTJiTTIES OF

1.' \j

NEW JEllSEY,

WITH

BIOGEAPEICAL SKETCHES

PEOMIXENT CITIZEInS.

THOS. GUSHING, ZSI.D.

CHARLES E. SHEPPARO, ESQ.

P }I I L A D E L r H I A :

E V E R T S & PEC K.

1883.

PRESS OF J. e. LiPPiNCOrr i co , Philadelphia.

GENERAL HISTORY.

1588379

3(i5

■A crroat extent bad i^riveu the tr.iflic from ruial dis-
:-ii.l- iuto tlic nifio ]io;r.ilous coiitro-:.

Temperance /vlliance.— It w:is, howevt-r. evident
i„ tho liifihis of tcniperauee that if the tiatRc was
ever to he driven from it.- strongholds lliore must be
more h:irmony of sentiment and unity of action.
Accordingly, Sept. 4, 1S72, in compliance with a call
for :i temperance convention, seventeen persons mot
at Siiarpslown, and a permanent organization of the
.S.ilem Connly Temperance Alliance w;is cfTected.
The design, as'sct forth in the .second ;irtielc of the
fnnslitution, was as follows:

"The clj.>ct »h;ill l>« to «ccur.' unity of nctl.ni un tho | ,irl uf t-inper-
aiice m*a througbout th» county, of wltiiu-ver iiiilu* or order, on »ijy
ul'j«:l cakulati'd to udvance the caust- of t'JDip*ran>:o."

The Washinirlonians, the Sons of Temperance, tlie
Good Templars, and such juvenile and church organ-
izations as had existed from time to time had been more
strictly moral ajrencies, devoted to the work of reform-
ing the drunkanl or keeping others from becoming
such, but this convention in its resolutions expressed
an unqualified conviction that the " ultim:ite success
of the cause of lemper:uice depends upon t!ie en.-itl-
merit iind enforcement of jnst laws in its behalf," and
pledged itself to local option by declaring it " the
duly of ti.'inpcraucc men to vote only for such Icgi--
hitive candidates as favor and will vote for its enact-
ment."

Tho following have been oflicers of the Alliance :

Prciiidpnts. Soi-rita-ios.

1H7'.; Enoth S. l-..t-i-. 0. Jl. AMi-rnmn.

UTS Snlnucl I'.ilrirk.

1-.T4 lui.ltl r. lumll, Sr.

1S7S Hot. O. Jl. McCurily.

\-ie, Jivk-pli W. (.-..^i-er. J. O. It. Coilisi.

).'T7 _ Bit. WinLiiii .\. F'rf iinon. "

1573 " I. M-jKi-ever. " "

:S79 " J.I!. W.!!«r.-"1. " "

\tr'< J»».e F. I!, lii.r. V.'\.C. K.iUIn Sionli.

lt-1 K.?ulcii W\»ii..i,.ri. " " '■

li--i Kf V. Jallus Wilcox. J««K F. Bodine.

A Special session of the Alliance was convened at
Woodstown, Oct. 5, 187S, to consider the expediency
of a|)pealingto the ballot-box in behalf of temperance
throiich a third party movement. At ihc previous
November election forty-live votes had been cast in
the county for the Urn. Iludolplius Tiingham, of
CanidiMi, the Prohibition candidate for Governor.
After a thorough discussion of the matter, it was de-
cided to nominate a Prohibition ticket, independent
of all other parties. Although the convcniioii was
in reality a se.ssiou of the Saltm County Temperance
Allif.nce, there ha.s been from that time a political
organiiation distinct from all other icmporance asso-
ciations. The Temperance jjarty, however, hits :iot
been accustomed lo nominate a ticket at the muuiii-
pal elections except in Salem City.

CHAPTEU LXIV.
sociktij:.-^ .\nd cop.roK.vito.N.s.

Salem Counly Eililc Society.— Pursuant to notice
jirevioiuly published, a n-.eeting was held in tin- Pro--
byterian Church at .■?alom on the 22d of SoptijinlH-r.
1847, at which it was resolved to oigani/.e a County
JVil.lo Soiriely, to su|>ply those in the county wl-o
were destitute of Bibifs.

.V constitution was adopted, tlie second section of
which staled, "The object of this society shall be to
promote the circulation of the Holy Scriptures, with-
out note or comment, and in English, the commonly
received version." Tiie .society was unide an auxil-
iary of the American Pible ."^cciety, and was rci.o^-
nizcd as such by the latter in October, 1S)7.

The ilrst officers elected were : Rev. (i. W. .Tauvicr,
president ; Revs. James IT. Dandy, J. W. McDongal.
James Newell, and Mr. Mtses Richman, Jr., vice-
presidents; Rev. James P. Helm, secretary ; jlenry
15. Ware, treasurer ; Benjamin Griscom, W. R. .Mor-
ton, T. V. F. Rusling, George C. Rumsey, Joiin M.
Brown, and Henry Freeman, executive coinmiltcc.

Jn ISIS Mr. John P. Harker wav employed as -.'.
eo!i)orteur, to explore the county, and hi^ work was
performed during tiie years 1815 and 1 > tO. No re-
port of the results of this expioraiion apjjear o'l ihe
minutes of the society. Another exploration v.u
made, in l-?5o, by Rev. J. Nelson ; in whieli he dis-
tributed books to ."iPl families wlioni h« found with-
out Bibles, P275 without Testaments, and 4iri wliliont
either.

li, addition lo its work of supplying the dc.-liinlo
with the Scriptures through its local agents and col-
porteurs, the society Ik'.s. from time to time, di.siribnl'jd
Bibles to the aim-house, the prison, the s!i'ci)ing-rooii:.--
of hotels, schools, steamboats, etc. In ^ SCO it as=iimcd
S=«2..50 :w its share of tho expensuof supi)lyi!!g the Ne«
Jersey soldiers with Bibles.

In 1S76 a sub-committee, consisting of Rev. Dr. \V.
Bannard, Rev. C. W. llrisley, P>ev. \V. Reeves, ){ev.
P. Clinc, Rev. O. B. McCurdy, and Col. AVillia:-i B.
Robertson was appointed to visit througl'. I'lO cumuv,
under the direction of the executive coiJHiiito:e. Jn
1877 this committee re))0ited that the total nmnbc-
of families that were visilcd was 4015; of booic? sold,
440; books donated, 73G; books distributed, lUH;
. total value of books sold, ^275.00. The work w?s
done, partly by voluntary J.ibor and partly by )..aid
agents. The committee reported that visit-s were
everywhere kjn lly received, and that the Scriptures
had 1 een supplied in all plpces where destitution was
found.
The presidents of the society have been ;

r.ev. 0. W. J u.vlcr. VMuerxr Dur.ii.

Jnmi-. ?.'v,fll. Jol'nR. Mi:r^l.y, n.!'

'. W. S. Viiiiiji-inai., M.U. J. I>. Hofc-al".

: Mtucjlilcliniiin. W. U. I'catlw, li.O.

P, I. L. VKiiy^iiit. Mmliii I'ullfrson.

366

HISTOUY OF SAT-1:M COI'NTY

Pr. W. n. J2»rj.
HMD. K. M. Anon.
Kfv. \V. A. IVrgoj .n.
1!CT. Jwirs B. Tuniin.

W. Riiiiwri. P.D.
RfT. J. K. Wpslwodd.
Rev. H. P. r.viins.
Rev. 0. B. McCurdy.

Tlic present officers are: Kev. J. P. Conelly, prrsi-
deut; one vife-prc>icleiu for each townsliip; 11. M.
Eumsey, secretary ; and Ciiiuon Rowcn, tre;:surer and
deposit.nry.

Salem County Sunday-School Associatiou.'—
Pursuant to a call of the county secretary of ilu' Xew
Jersey Sumlay-Scliool Association, a meeting was held
in the Mct.'iodist Ejjiscopal Church of WooJstown,
Sept. IC, 18G3, for the purpose of org.inizing the j^aleni
County Sunday-School Association. After an iiiier-
change of views it was resolvoci that there be a per-
manent organization formed, and a committee, con-
sisting of I. V. Dickinson, J. R. Alderman, and M.
D. Dickinson, was aiipoiuteJ to draft a constitution.
Tlie following officers were chosen for the ensuing
year: President, Rev. D.miel Stratton, ?a:em ; Vice-
Presidents, J. R. Hackett, Robert P. Rohinson, AVil-
liam Sayrc, Samuel S. Tlionip.-on, D. Garrison, Rev.
J. Unrue, T. B. Stow, Jeremiah Anderson, K. Patrick,
Rev. M. Johnson ; secretary and tre;i.>urer, Rev. A.
J. Hire?, \Voodstown ; township secretaries, Salem,
William H. Wood; Mannington, Georg'.> Mulford;
Elsinboro, E. P. Walh-n; Pilcsgrove, I. V. Dickin-
son ; Upper Penn'.s Xcck, J. K. Louderback ; Lower
Penn's Neck, J. }I. Sinnickson; Upper Alloways
Creek, James Fnas; Lower Alloways Creek, Samuel
Patrick; Upper Pitlsgrove, D. F. Ruit; I'ittsgrovc,
M. Tliomas.

Tiiere were but few in attendance at the organiza-
tion, but sufScicnt to indicate who the Suuilay-school
workers throughout the county were, and in order
that more migiil be enlisted there was one vice-presi-
dent chosen iu each township.

It is a ciLslom to change the presidents evcrj' year,
not only in person but also denouiinationally. Rev.
A. J. Hires was continued county secretary and trea.s-
urer uutil l!^')i, when B. F. I5urt was elected to the
position, and continued until removed by death in
1871, after wiiieh Rev. J. R. Kurt was elected, but only
served one year, having moved from the l.'ounds of the
a.ssocia;ion, when J. R. Lipjiincott, of Salem, was
elected, Hud still holds the position of corresponding
secretary and treasurer.

At the annual meeting held Sept. 20, 1S76, by the
request of the county secretary, the office of recording
secret:iry was created, and M. D. Dickinson was
elected to tlie oRlce, which position he sliil liohU.
The present president is l!ev. A. AV. Lentz, of Freas-
bur;.'; corresponding secretary and trcrisnrer. J. R.
Lippincott, with a vice-president and township sec-
retary from eacli fownsliip in the county.

Since the o.'gatiizatioii of this association the Sun-
(l.iy-schooi work in tlie county l:as greatly increased,
and the attendance at the annual gatherings has

doubled several times. At the childre?i's meetin.-.
usually held in the evening, some of our lar^'i ■•
churches are usually filled to overllowing. Tiie work-
ings of the association have been hariao'iious, and ...
gcneni! good feeling ha-s prevailed throughout il:,.
v:irioi:s denominations represented.

The Friends, as a denomination, are much inttr-
estcd in their First Day's school work, and li.iM
their union meetings of several schools scmi-anniially.
which services are very interesting and instructive.

COU.VTV .MCTl'.VI. INsni.VNTi; COMI>.\Xi::s.

Salem County Mutual Fire Insurance Company.
— This company was inc'orpor.ued by an act of the
Legislature in Fcbru-iry, 1S19. The limit of ii,
charter was thirty years, and on the expiration of
that period, in 1S79, it was, by another act, roiio\vi<]
for fifty years.

This company takes general risks, but insures for
no longer term than one year. By careful and ])rudeiri
mauagement it has not only been able to meet its
losses during many years without assessmciits. but it
has accumulated a reserve fund of thirty-five thousand
dollars.

The presidents of the comp.nny have been Willir.ni
J. Shinn, John Tyler, Richard M. Acton, I). W. C
Clement, anrl the preseni president, William Patter-
son. The names of the secretaries are Samuel C'.
Harbert, Joseph Petit, and, .since ISuG, Thomas T.
Hilliard.

Farmers' Mutual Fire Insurance Company of
Salem County. — This co:npany was )ncori..on:'.cd by
an act of the Legislature passed March C, 1801. Al
first the business of the company was liioited to t!;c
insurance of farm projierty, but afterward risks were
taken on buildings in villages. During tb.: thirty-
two years of its existence this company ha.s made but
one assessment, and that of only foiip j.cr ceul. on it,-
premium notes. It has conducted its btisiness piu-
dently, and has aimed at muiu.il protection, and nit
at the payment of salaries that enrich ager.ts :it the
expense of patrons.

The presidents of this company have been, ;p) suc-
cession, Jonathan Ingham, Thomas Sinnickson, I)::vid
Petit, and the [ircsent incumbent of the position,
Alfred Bilderback. Tlie oflSce of secretary a:iu ttea?-
urer has been held by Samuel Prior, Jai>ies V/.
Mecum, Clement H. Sinnickson, David Pettit, and
J. B. Grier.

CHAPTF.K LXY.
CITY OF ^.U.r.-A.'

Situation and Bounciariei.—The city of Salem i^
siiuatid v.t Salem Creek, tbree miles from it? coiiHn-
ence with the Delaware River. It is bounded noi Hi

> liy M. b. Dii:l:iii9ou.

« It}- if. 0. IMSe.

CITY OF SALEM.

367

i i

\.\- Lower Pcnu's Neck ontl Jlniinington, east by
.M.iiiniiitrton, s^iuth by Lower AUonays Creek and
i;!<ini>(>ro, and west by Lower rciin's Xcck.

Descriptive. — Salem is an attractive and well-htiilt
ciiy, the .seal of ju>tice of Salem County, and the
(tiitrc of a large trade, extending for miles inland,
atid reaching out to Philadelphia and other inijior-
i;i!it markets., aud has eqna! claims upon the resident
and the business man.

As a plate of residence, Salem lia,s many advan-
t;t;.:es. 15eing the county-seat, the court-house, county
iiflices, and other public buildings are located liere.
Tliey are at a central point, whence the principal
streets radiate in dill'ereiit directions, lined ^\ith
handsome stores and comfortable dwellings, ap-
proached by broad paved sidewalks, fringed with
shade-tree.s. The streets arc well graded, and in
nearly all parts of the city wide and attractive. With
:i po)iulation of over five thousand, Salem is noted for
its heallhfulness and immunity from contsgious and
infectious diseases; the cost of living is fully one-
third less than iu larger cities not far distant, or in
most New England towns; building lots are obtain-
able at low prices, enabling mechanics aud others to
secure comforlable liome^ at a small outlay; the mar-
kets are well supplied xvith all of the necessaries of
life; the town has an extensive public library, nu-
merous and efficient educational advantages, and sev-
eral iufluential and well-sustained religious organiza-
tions.

.As a place of business, Salem's location and sur-
roundings arc no less favorable. Its facilities for
travel and transportation are esci Dent. The West
Jersey Railroad, v.ith which it is connected by the
Salem Kailroad, provides two trains each way at con-
venient hours between it and Philadelphia. The
completion of the new railroad between the Salem
P.aiiroad and Swedesboro makes a direct route to
Philadolphia, thus increasing the advantages of
■Salem. SaUm Creek, a navigable branch of the
Delaware l>lver, lave-s the very border of the city,
providing nearly two miles of water-front, consider-
able of which has been long occupied, levying no
tribute upon the transjjorlation of products and man-
ufactures, as is the case with many le-s-favored lo-
ralitic-i depending on artificial outlets for their trade;
and u|»on it, besides numerous sailing craft, are three
■■tfamboats, two for passengers and freight, running
a great part of the year, one to and froni Philadel-
pliia and the ditVerent places on the river daily, the
other riiiining from Philadelphia and intervening
places to Salem and returning, the third being em-
ployed almost entirely in the transportation of bulky
freight. The city has the advantages of e.tpress and
t'lographic lines; ha.s three influential iiewspaper.i,
•''ii'l !i banking comjiauy of sufficient capital to supply
'•s present business needs; is provided with ellieient
v.aicr-works, recently introduced at an expen-^c of
'tvcnty-five thousand dollars; its streets arc well

lighted; it contains numerous mauuiacluring enter-
prises, and is surrounded by a countrv unsurpassed
in the fertility of its soil and the variefy of its agri-
cultural products, aud fully capable of supporting
ten times its present population.

Settlement.' — >Liny Quakers or Friends of wealth
and iuflueuco in England early made great elTiuLs to
procure a home in the .American colonics. In 1(57-1,
with an understanding with Edward Billinge. John
Fenwick purchased all of West Jersey, of which Bil-
linge was to have nine shares and Fenwick one, or
the tenth. Soou after the juirchase Fenwick made
arrangements with a number of persons, niembers of
his own religious society, naturally, at first, but also
with Episcopalians, Baptists, and Presbyterians, to
purchase lauds of him while in England, so as to
enable him to emigrate and take posjcssion of his
newly-acquired territory in the wilds of North Amer-
ica. These were the initial steps toward the establish-
ment of the town of Salem, and the improvement,
civilization, enlightenment of a wide stretch of terri-
tory, of which it .soon became virtually, if not nomi-
nally, in a se!:-e the capital, and of which it has to
this day maintained its position as the chief town,
th.'ough the changes of more than two centuries.
j John Fenwick and )iis family are elsewhere spokeu

! of.

1 I'Alward Wade emigrated from Monmouthshire,
: Wales, and came to Salem in coiniauy with John
I Fenwick. Having cousidcnible mean!'-, he made large

• purch.ises of laud in ditlerenl pans of the county, nnd

■ bought a si.Kteen-acre lot on JIarket Street, Salem,
aud built on it, near the iiresent re.-'.idence. of Dr.

' Gibbon, a story and n half brick dwelling, whore he
' and his wife, Prudence, ended their day.s. Edward
; Wade had been a cloth-maker in London, was a man
' of force of character, and proved to be one of tlie
i leading immigrants to Fenwick's colony, parli'-ipating
lar.'ely in its r..ligious aud civil orgainzalion. His

■ residence, which wa; traditionally the first over built

• on Market Street, was, after his death, occui>ied by
i Isaac Smart until the death of the latier, aud was

standing, in fair condition, as late as forty-five years
; ago.

Oct. 5, 1C75, Fenwick had the nucleus of the jirescul
city of Salem laid out, a street being Ojiened fium tiie
creek east ."io as to enable him to sell building lots to
the emigrants. This street, from the fact that it endi'd
at a wharf afterwards constructed, was long known as
Wharf Street. Later it was called Bradway Street,
in honor of JWward Bradway, and in time the latter
name was corrupted into Broadway, the name of the
street for many years past.

Edward Bradway purclia'f J a lot of sixteen acrc<,
extending froiu Wharf Street to Fenwick Creek.
Bradway and liis v.ife, Mary, and their three chil-

• dren, Mary, William, and Susannah, with their

1 Largely rrom data Tari-inUfd by 'Xhoiii.tn Slioiitud.

36S

HISTORY OF SALEM COUNTY.

three servants, Willir.m Groon, T!ioin;is liuckt-l, and
John Allen, emi.arkcil from Ldtuion in March, 1077,
in the ship " Kent." Thoy hmded at Salem in tlio
Au:ni?t followins-. Hradway was a man of con-*i.lor-
able mean*. When he came to this country he had
pun-hiised one town lot and one thonsand acres of
land of Fenwicfc, while the latter yet tarried in Eng-
land. In 1001, Bndway built on his town lot a large
brick house, which is still standing, and which, in size
and appearance, far surpasses any other house built
in Salem earlier or for many years afterwards, if not
those of William Penn, in Letitia Court, and Samuel
Carpenter, on Second Street, at the corner of Norris
Alley, Philadeli^hia, built about the ^ame time. For
some time after the death of Bradway (supposed to
have occurred in liVjSj the Governor of New Jersey
lived in the old Rradway house, which, in conse-
quence, came to be known as " the Governor's house"
for manv vears afterwards. Thomas Hill Bradway,
who later' inherited this property, repaired the old
mansion. It had then been long ncLdected, and was
without doors or windows. At the beginning of the
present century it was again fitted up, and a piazza
built in front "of it, by John S. Wood, son-in-law of
Thomas H. Bradway. This ancient dwellimr is still
owned by the lineal descendants of Edward Bradway, '
in the seventh genoiation. After his arrival Etlwurd
Bradway had two children born in Salem,— Sarah
and Hannah. The Bradways and other descendants
of Edward Bradway have intermarried with other of
the pioneer faniilUs of Salem County, and have been ^
well-known and (.rominent citizens. |

Adjoining the Bradway lot William Ifall pur-
ch.iscd one of sixteen acres. In IijTT, H.tll emi-
grated to this country, in company with John and
Andrew Thomp-on and their familie.s, landing at
Elsinboro, December 22d of that year. Before they
sailed from Dublin he engaged in the service of John
Thompson for a number of yeais,at the expiration of
which he removed to Salem and kcj't a store. Ho was
a man of great ability, and about ITKi, upon the death
of Judgc''Thomas Killingsworth. he was appointed
bv ihi; West Jersey Legislature a judge of the court
of Salem County! In 1688 he married Elizabeth,
daughter of Thomas Pile, of Pilesgrove, and it is be-
■ lieved he came into the possession of much property,
both real and personal, through his wife. His wife
died about 1070, and he later married Sarah Clement,
of Gloucester County. He is thought to have died
in 171'J. He hcrld the oHice of judge up to the time
of his death, and was then the greatest landholder in
Salem County, owning a one hundredth part of Een-
wick's tenth." The Hall property in SaUm formerly
extended to the town meadow. The Hall family has
intermarried with branches of most of the other dis-
tinguished families of South .Jersey. Judge Hall's
widow, Sarah Clemen'. Hall, built the large brick
dwelling, now of Morris Hall, in which for many
years she kept a store. It has been twice repaired.

East of Hall's lot San-.uel Nicholson bought a -h.
teru-acre lot, on which ho at once built a lo-r du,.':-
ing,and which, in ICSl, he deeded to Salem Momi. ,
Mectin- of Friends. Previous to sailing with F. •,
wiek and his colony, Nicholson had i.urchased of il . .
Proprietor two tliou?and acres of land, which, logelhi :
with the town lot mentioned, was surveyed to him ir. |
li;7(). The same year he was appointed the first ju- J
tice of the peace in Fenwick's colony. He had he. :, •
a farmer of Wiseton, Nottinghamshire, l-"nglaud. Hi J
wife was named Ann. Samuel Nicholson died, on hi-
property in Elsinboro, about 1GP3. His descv;ndan;- ;
have been well-known citizens of Salem County an!
elsewhere. '

John and Thomas Mason were natives of Cilouei-
tershire, England, and before their removal to Aanr-
ica resided in the parish of Winchoome. Ahm'
lOilO they came to Sulem from Virginia, and bougl.'.
two sixteen acre lots on Broadway, east of Oak Stive .
extending beyond th.o Nelson House and to the xnw:,
meadow. The Mason residence was originally huili
ill inP3. Il was a one-story brick buildiTig. Later a
frame building was attached, facing the street. Th.-
whole was removed some years ago by A. N. B.-ll,
and store* have been erected on its site. In lG<i',
• John Mason removed to Elsinboro, where he ha!
bought property, and Thomas continued to live in
Salctn. Nearly opposite this old house stood Wil-
liam CatteU's two-story biick mansion, whieh vv:i-
removed many years ago. Where il stood stores liav.
been huilt, and at the present time there is n'-rv
; business done in the grocery line theic- than in any
other part of the city. A short di-tauce farther dewi!
the Btreet, where the First Baptist Church is, sto...!
the venerable m.msion of Thomas Thompson, whicli
was built by his father, Thomas Thompson, a native
of El.-iuboro. He learned the tailoring busino-.i.
purchased and built himself adwollii.g, and fcdlowcd
the trade the remainder of his life. His son Thonia^
was born in 17-14. Subsequently he learned tailorii'u-
of his father. After the death of his father he in-
herited the property and married Tlebecea Hedge,
daughter of Samuel and Hannah WoodnuU Hedge.
Thomas ffdlowed his trade for a number of years.
He and his wife were noted for their kinduosj to
both rich and poor, and their house was one of enter-
tainment to their numerous relatives and friends.
Neither of them was a member of the Society ol
Friends, but only attended Friends' Meeting occb-
sionally. Thomas was born a member, hut lost hi-
ri'rht for the active part he took in the war of the
Itevolution. Pvebeeca's in..ther wa.s a member, hciii?
the daughter of Joseph Woodnutt, of IMauniiigtoi!-
There was a law in the State that per.sons could I-'*
imprisoned for debt, but there was no prcvLsioti i:'
the law for their maintenance while in jail. Ih.y
were cared f-.r by the benevolent. Thomas 'J'hoinr.-
son and wife sent provisions daily for mmy y.-ais i"
' that class of prisoners. Tliev liv<d to more il'^ i=

CITV OF SALEM.

309

Ibiirscore years, and died much regretted by their
iiiimerous relatives and friends.

The iie.'ct lot but one to the Mason lot contained
i\\"enty-fi>ur acres, and belonsrcd to Bartholomew
Wyatt. The name of the owner of the intervenini;
lot is not known. Bartholomew Wyatt was a youii>;
man of culture and considerable means, who came to
this country in the latter part of the seventeenth cen-
tury. He purchased the lot referred to about IGi'o, and
married .Sarah, the daughter of Robert .Vshton, of Del-
aware. He also purchased twelve hundred acres of
laud in llanninirton. Soon after his marriage he went
to live on his farm in said township, and attlip.t place
he and his wife ended their days. In 170} iiis son,
Bartholomew Wyatt, employed Tiiomas Miles (who
at that lime was the most jirominent surveyor of the
county) to rcsnrvey the Wyatt lot in the town of
Salem. The following arc the boundaries of said lot :
" Beginning at n post standing on Salem Street, at the
corner of Margaret's Lane; thence southwest 2S dcgs.
down the same I'i- perches to a stake set in the marsh,
by the side of a ditch ; thence southeast 48 degs.
along said ditch 24 perches to another corner; tlience
northeast by north, joining on the lot now in pos-ses-
*ion of Hugh Clifton, 110 perches to h jwsi set by
Salem Street aforesaid ; thence joining on tlip said
street northwest 3JJ degs. 18 perches; tlionce northwest
37 degs. 22 minutes to the place of beginning. Con-
taining within ihe^e bounds 24 acres of land, swanip
and marsh. Kesurvcyed on the second day of April,
1734."

There is no record showing that any of the Wyatt
family ever occupied this lot, and to whom it was sold
by the Wyatts is unknown, but William i'arrott was
the owner of the larger portion of it in the latter part
of the last century. When William I'arrott died the
greater part of his real estate was left to his widow,
Clarissa Howell J\irrott. She died at the age of
ninety. At her death the I'arrott properly (formerly
the Wyatt'.s and the Richard .Johnson lot) was di-
vided among Parrott's distant relatives. Streets were
opened (Seventh Street on the Johnson lot, and sev-
eral streets on the Wyatt tract, on Margaret's Lane,
now Walnut Street), and the greater part of ground
is now built upon, which a few years ago was used
for farming.

Josepli Smith, of the fourth generation from .lohn
Smith, of .\mblebury, became the i)Ossessor of the
lot that joined the Wyatt lot. It contained ten acres,
running to the town meadow. .Joseph was a cabinet-
maker, lollowing hi~ trade in the town of .Salem until
his death, which took ))lacc about ISUS).

Adjoining the lot last mentioned, ISenjamiu Atlon
purchased ten acres lying on Ii^ast Broadway. It ap-
p^^ars that Benjamin .Acton was one of the prominent
young men in the settlement of I'dnvick's colony.
There is no record showing the date of his arrival in
Salem. Ab.iut l(i7.5 he is first nicntioned in records
of the colonial alfairs. He is thought to have been
24

well educated. He was a land surveyor by profession,
aiul by trade a tanner and currier. He built a hou-^e
and establishc'l a tan-yard on the lot mentioned, and
carried on the tanning business until the close of his
life. His worth and ability were early appreciated
by the Society of Friends, of which he was a consistent
member. .-Vs early as lliS2 he and another Friend
were appointed to repair and build an addition to tlio
meeting-house, so that it should be large enough to

1 accommodate a Yearly Meeting. When S.alem was
incorporated, in 1GIK>, he was chosen recorder. In
laying out a public highway, in 170.J, from Salem to
Maurice River, he was one of the commissioners and
surveyors, and he w.as likewise appointed, in 17ii;i, to

: lay out a public highway from Salem to Greenwich,
by way of Hancock's Bridge. In 170G he had been

■ a commissioner to lay out a road, beginning at what
is now known as Yorke Street, and jjassing on into

' Elsinboro. He was also largely employed by i)rivate
landholders in doing their surveying. After the death

I of Xevill and Tindall, James Logan, the principal

I agent of I'cnn's heirs, appi'inted Benjamin Acton to
resurvey a tract of one thotnand acres south of
Gravelly Run, including the present site of Jericho.
The order was given by the urgent request of Samuel

' Deeming, of Maryland, who had previously sold the
tract to .John Brick. In hi-* rci)ott, rendered Sept. 1.3,
172y, Benjamin Acton staled, "The land is now ri'sur-
veyed with the assistance of John Brick and his two
sons," and that the work '"proved more chargeable'"
than he expected. "Signed by me, Benjamin Acton,
surveyor of Fenwick Colony and Salem Tenth." In
hi.s old age he built a residence on Fenwick Street, a
brick structure with a "hip"-roof, still standing,
owned by Joseph Test.

In 1724, Benjamin Aclou, Jr., built a hou^c, ninth
larger than his father's, on the same lot, which in tl:o
last generation was owned by the Oibbs family. It
was remodeled by the late Ceorgc Rumsey, out the
old walls remain. In this house lived Benjamin
Acton, Jr., who was a tanner by traile, occupying the

' yard devised to him by his father, and was succeeded
in time by his son John. Samuel, a sou of John,
learned the tanner's trade with his father. For a
time, in partnership with his bidther Clement, he was
a merchant in Salem, occupying the fieorgc ^V'. '.Har-
rison store. After they decided to abandon trade,
Samuel purchased the old Haddonfield tan-yards and
removed thither, but he did not longaurvive. Richard
M. Acton, now living, was anot'ner descendant of Ben-
jamin -Vctoii, who was a tanner in Salem. Clement,
eldest son of Samuel Acton, born in 170C, learned tl;e

■ hatter's trade of Caleb Wood, of S.ileni, and followed
the business for some time after he attained liis ina-
jurivy at the old David Smith shop on Market Sueet.
He soon abandoned his trade and became a dealer in

i fur, and later I. ad a lurnber-yard and a .steam .saw-
mill on Penn Street, near Fenwick Creek, which was
burned. During thi.s period lie built a large brick

370

HISTORY OV SALl'.M COUXT'i.

store and dwelling on Market Street, on llie site of
tlic old .loliri Donii mansion, which lie removed, and.
in company with Thomas Catlell, kept a hardware-
store some years. Isaac Oakford Aclon, second son
of Samuel Acton, learned blacksmitliinjr in I'ennsyl-
vania, and after he became of age e.<tal)li>hed liim-
self as a blacksmitli on Grillith Sireet, prospered, and
later en;iaged in bu-iness a3 au iron merchant and
loundvr. The names only of some descendants of
Benjamin Acton who have been prominent in local
history have been mentioned. Others have been
scarcely le--s well known, and numerous others have
been and are among the most respected citizens of the
county.

Kol)ert Zane purcha-ed of Jchn renwiek, in liiTo,
the twcnty-.icre lot adjoining' tl'e Aclon lot. Robert
Zane left S-alem the following; year and purchased a
large tract of land in Xewtown townshi|>, Gloucester
C'j. He niMrried, in 1G7S, at liurlington, the daughter
of nn Indian cliief. Tradition says lliey lived very
hajipily togetlier and had several children. His son
Ivobert became the owner of his father's lot in Salem.
The old numsion still exists as a monument of ancient
times. It wai built of loirs, with a Mansard roof, and
stands near the corner of Vorke and Keashey Streets.
Lewis Goodwin married Rebecca, the granddaughter
of Robert Zane. .Ir. Slie inherited the lot in Salem.
Lewis und liis wife )iad two children, .l(din and Susan
Goodwin. John tioodwin became the owner of the
Zane lot. He sold it about ]Sfi4. \ re|)rescntative
of this family removed to Ohio and became the
founder of the nourishing city of Zancsville, in that
State.

On the King's Highway, leading from SalcDi to Co-
liaiisey, the celebrated Thom.as Killingsworth owned
about fifty acres, cornering on E.ist IJroadvvay and
Yorke Street. This man wa.s in some senses so re-
markable as to require more than a passing nienti<)n.
According to such nicairre accounts of him as liave
been handed down to the present generation, he aji-
pcars to have been a scholar of more th.an ordinary
altaininenls for that time, and a man in whose good
judgment and integrity the first immigrants to this
section had the most iin|)licit conlidence. He aji-
pears to have bciMi well versed alike in theology and
English law. A IJaptist prearher.of nincli power and
influence, he was instrumental in organizing the first
Baptist Society in Salem, in wliieh he was aided by
Obadiah Holme*, and it is a remarkable fact thai
these two were al.so the judges of the first court.s or-
pani/.od at S.ilcni, in 17U;i, soon after East and West
Jersey were united under one government. .Mr. Kil-
lingsworth held this eonspicuons po-itiou until ITOo,
when declining health led to his resignation, and he
was succeeded by William Hall. He died in ITOP,
leaving no children.

Adjoining Judge Killingsworth's land on the we-t
was the purchase of Edward ]vea:>b'.y, on which, in
1725, he erected a brii k dwelling which is still staml-

ing. Edward was the first of the Keasbey family in
this country. He was a young man when he cam.
fr.im England, about lOOi. This family iiitonn.'.r-
ried with otiuis in the vicinity, notably the Qni;i-
totK, Holmses, Ihadways, and Gibbons, and sub>e.
ijuont representatives were widely known and liighiv
esteemed. .Vbout seventy years ago Delzin K.ea.-biv
was living in the old Keasbey mansion, and had a
hatter's shop on Market Street.

William Hancock, of Elsinboro, son of Wiliiain
Hancock, the emigrant, purchased a lot adjoining
the Richard JoIuijou property, wliicli lie left to jii-
son, Thomas IlaiUdck. In 1770 the members of tli.-
Salem Monthly Meeting of Friend* ('nought their
house of worship in the graveyard too small, ani!
purchased the |>roperty of Thomas Hancock, two
years later building their present meeting-hoiisc
thereon, .\cross East Broadway, at the corner i.t'
Walnut Street, stands an ancient brick house, in
good condition, which was ))urchased by Dr. S-tmiik!
Dick eonsidcr;ibly more than a hundred years ago.

With several others, Ricliard Johnson came in llic
ship " Mary'' from his native land, anchoriug at El-
sinboro, March lei, lij75. He was a native of Stuiiv,
England, and a young man of marked ability, wh"
later rendered great assistance to the Proprietor.
After the incorporation of Salem he was one of the
burgesses of that town, and lie was aUo one of tlio
judges of the Salem C(>uuty courts, .". justice of the
Court of Quarter Se.s-sions, and a member of the State
Legislature of New Jersey. His place of residence was
on East riroadway, on the she. of the Rumsey block.
His house was a brick one, with a "hip"-roof. Wil-
liam Tarrott bought this properly about 1700, .uid
soou afterward removed lite ancient dwelling ami
erected in its stead a large two-story brick lioust-.
Richard Johnson was a large landholder in Salem and
other portions of the county, owning five hundred
acres south of .MIoways Creek. His death oceurrcd
in .laiinary, 1715'. when lie was in hi- seventy-fir-;
year.

A well-known descendant of Riclu;rd Johnson was
Robert G. Johnson, wlio, in his old age. wrote a brief
but valuable " Historical Acv'ount of the First Settlo-
nieut of Salem, iu West Jersey," which was published
in 1530. He was a man of pleasing addre.ss, was one
of the judges of the Salen: courts for many years, a
memlier of the State Legislature two or three timt-.
and held olher important oilices. He died Oct. -J.
ISdO, aged seventy-nine. His son, Robert Carnov
Johnson, was the first mayor of Salem. Thonii'-
Johnson, who is thought to have been u cousin "■.
Richard Johnson's, bought ten acres of land in
Salem iu 1060, and lived in the town.

James Xevill came to this country as early as IGT''
from England, and became a hading man in I'l'
Colony. He had been a weaver of Sicpney, England.
He was a married man wiscn he arrived, but there ;■■'-
mains no evidence that he had any children. Tic wa-

CITY OF SAl.HM.

371

:i mail of miuh talent and some K-S'nl :K'.)uircments
and abilitii's, was cK>rk of the Salem courts, and hold
otlier i^ositioiis (if trust, and had tho cn'.iro eonfidcnoo
of William I'enn. He imrcha^'d twenty-nine acris
of land of the Proprietor, on a street that led from the
King's Highway to the town wharf. On account of his
business qualifications and nnquestioned integrity
Xcvill was chosen by Penii as the latt.r's agent after
ho hail purchased John Fenwitk's right to the unsold
land in the Fenwick tenth in 1GS2.

Thoinas Kent was quite a distinguished man in lii-
liine. fie purchased ten acres of land at the corner
of Kent and Xcvill tftreet-s in lGS!i, and by subsequent
puroliases became a somewhat extensive land-owner
in the county.

William Wilkinson was an early comer. In 1GS5
he purchased ten acres of land in Salem, and built a
house thereon, .subsequently becoming n large land-
owner in the county. Richard Penn sold one hun-
dred and twenty acres of land within the precincts of
Salem to one of Wilkinson's sons. The family of
Wilkinson was well known in Salem for two or three
generations, though there are few. if any, in the
county bearing the name at this time who arc de-
scendants of William Wilkinson.

Xichola-s Oibl)on, son of .Vrthur Gibbon, was born
in England, and came early to Cumberland County.
Tiience he removed to Salem, having married the
widow of Samuel F. Hedge, and daughter of .Vlexan-
dcr Grant. Tliey lived in the old ('{rant house on
Market Street, and he became a merchant, and was
collector of the port, .-urrogate of Salem County, and
a colonel of militia, in command of the militia of the
lower counties. He died in 17oS, hi.s wife in 170ft.
Grant Gibbon, their second sou, was born Nov. ?S,
173 1, and was collector of the port after his father's
death, and held the offices of stirrog.ite. Judge, and
justice of the peace. He was also a nierchaiit, and a
man of culture and prepossessing manners. He was
a warm ))alriot. Oct. 13, 1774, while the IJostonians
were sufl'ering from the op|)ression of Gen. Gage, at a
"meeting of the inhabitants of Salem town and
county," it was " I!>:io!i:ed, That Grant Gibbon, Esq.,
who is known to be one of the most ]..qialar and effi-
cient men in the county, and a patriot in whom the
public have unbounded contidence, be the man who
shall take the burthen and trouble in soliciting from
our people." He succeedeil in collecting about seven
hundred dollars, a large sum at that time, which was
sent for the relief of the distressed of that city. Ho
died in .Tune, 1770, about one week before the Decla-
ration of Independence was signed in Philadelphia.

.•\mong the p;itri<nic men of the last century who
took an active part in the troiddou- scenes oi" the
Itevolution was Dr. Samuel Dick, of Sal.jm. He was
ofScotch-Jri-h descent, an<l was born in Maryland in
1740. He was highly educated, being especially pro-
ficient in language', and wah graduated from one of
iliC medical institutions of Scotland. He served in

Canada as assistant surgeon in the colonial army in
the French war, and was pre.scnl at the surrender of
Quebec in 1700. In 1770, with his mother, he came
to Salem, and purchased |>roperty at the corner of
East Broadway and Walnut Streets, whore he died,
and some of his descendants are living. In 177o he
married Sarah, daughter of Ju'Ige .\ndrew Siniiick-
.son, of Pcnn's Xeck. In 1776 he was a member of
the Provincial Congress of New Jersey, and one of
the committee of five appointed to draw up a Cou-
s'inition of that State, and by thai Congress he was
given a commission as colonel of iniliti.i, and as such
he served zealously during the long stmgglo which
followed. He was surrogate of Salem County, 17S0-
) .SOI. He w:is ekctod to Congress in 17S3, and served,
throuih 17S.=), having been a member of the. Congress
of 1784, by which the treaty was ratilied by which
Great Britain acknowledged American independence.
and was on a committee, with Je'.Versou, Biauchard,
Gerry. Sherman, De Witt, Hand, Stone, Willi;'Mison,
and Kead, ajipointed lo eN-amiiie into tlie working.s
of the Trea-ury Dcpartmenl, and rojiort such changes
in its organization as lliey might deem advisable. He
ha.* been described its " a man of brilliant talents and
crcat acquirements, refined taste and polished man-
ners, a skillful surveyor and physician, a profound
scholar, a discerning politician and zea!ou-i patriot."
He died in ISl 2.

Thomas, the oldest sou of Andrew Siiinicksoii (3d),
wa-s a merchant during the earlier years of his man-
hood, on the site of the drug-store of Eakin & Bal-
linger, on Broadway, at the head of .Market Street,
and resided in Salem the greater I'art of his life. He
took an active part in the Ilevoluliiinary war, and
commaniled acompauy in thcContiin-ntal army. On
account of his writings and his bitter oppositijn to
British tyranny he wa.". oullawcil by Lord ILnve, an'
a heavy reward was otlered for hi.n, dead or alivo.
.\t the organization of the government he warmly
espoused the vi-nvs of the ill-fated Hamilton, and
became the recognized leader of the Federal parly in
this .section during the administrations of Washington
and the ehler Adams. He frequently represented the
county in the Stale Legislature, and was a member
of the first United Stales Congress, which met iu
New York, and later a member of Congress (17!lO-fiS).
He also served as judge, justice of the peace, and
county treasurer.

AVilliam. youngest son of William Tyler {2d), was
born in Wi-",. When between seventeen and eighteen
vears of age be apprenticed hiniseif for four year.--
to Benjamin Acton, of Salem, to learn the tanner
and currier's trade. Soon after the e.<:piration of his
apprenticeship he sold projierty he had inherited
from his father in Lower Alloways Cree!:, and bouglit
of Kebecca Edgil, of Philadelphi:., -property in Salem
with a house tliereon, which in the deed, dated 17-to.
is designated as " a new brick house," renduring it iil
lea^t one hundred and thirty-six years old at tiiis

IITSTORY OF SALEM COUNTY.

time, wliich is mow the proporly of William David-
son. Here he carried on ti>e tanning l>iHiiK'>.s. His
de-icendant.< h.nvo been well known in Salcni to ilie
present day, and some of lliom have been identified
almost constantly with the tanning and leather in-
ter«.-sts there and eUewhere.

]?ich:ird Whitacar ^vas one of Fenwick's Council
of rro|)r)etors to govern West Jersey, 1C7C-1702, and
resided in Salem most of the lime until 10'."\ when he
removed to what is now Cumbeiiand County.

Kiehard WooJnntt ••ame from England about IGW,
and located in riiiladelphia. In 160-3 he came to
Salem. He was a bricklayer, and a member of the
Society of Friends. About IGOO he came into pos-
session of a portion of John I'ledgcr's allotment in
Mannin>;ton, by marriage or purchase, and removed
tliilhcr. His descendants have for successive gener-
ations been well known in Salem County.

The Yorkts of Salem are descended from an an-
cient and important English family. .Vndrew, the
second .son of Thomas and Margaret llobeson Yorke,
was born in Philadelphia in 1742, and came to .Salem
in 1773, and lived and kept store in the old building
yet standing at tlie corner of York and Magnolia
Streets. He was an ardent patriot, and served during
the Revolution as aid to Gen. Xewcomb.

Thomas WoodruQ' bought ten acres in Salem in
168-1, and is supposed to have built a lionse u)<on his
lot and lived in the town during the remainder of his
days. Joseph Woodrntl" brother of Tlioma;', bought
another ten-acre lot in Salem, and lived thereon for
some years.

June 1.3, 16S0, Roger Smith bought <if the e.'iecu-
torsof John Fenwick a building lot of ten acres in
Salem, and soon became the owner of con-iderable
iand south of .\lloways Creek, in what is now Quin-
ton township. IJi^. great-grand- on, Capt. William
Smith, ipiilc distinguished hiin.self in the engagement
at Quinton's liridge in 177S. His descendants are
quite numerous at this time in the lower jiart of ."^alenj
County.

Tobias Quinton purcliased a building lot in Salem,
but, like other early comers, did not long remain in
the town.

Jar):es Rolfe, it is generally thought, first settled in
East Jersey. He came to Salem about 1700, and was
a man of considerable means. He purchased a lot on
the west side of Market Street, and built thereon a
two-=lory brick house with a Man.sard roof, which was
standing in 1820, and was used as a pottery after it
ceased to do service as a dwelling. Ho died in Salem
in ]7-'!)2. Thomas Clement, liis gr.".iidson, was for a
time a meicliant on Market Street, Salem, in a build-
iug afterwards occupied by his youngest .sou, Samuel,
who was for many years in partnership with Gideon
Scull, Jr., and who was known extensively as " Hon-
est Samuel Clement." Thomas Clement lived to au
advanced age. Ife. has well-known descendants liv-
ing in Salem and elsewhere in the county, members

of his faiiiily having intermarried witli other repu-
table families of Salem and vicinity.

William Grilljth purchased a ten-acre lot on .Mar-
ket Street, on which be built a house, residing llirn .
it is thought, until the close of his life. During hi-

time a .street was opened fi i Market Street to Sali-iii

Creek, running parallel with Hroadway, which wa-
named in his honor. He is thought to have born tlio
son of the captain of the " Ciriliith," and was a iii;i'i
of ability and discretion, and was intrusted with im-
portant public concerns, becoming the first sheriiV cf
Salem County after East and West Jersey were
united.

.•Vlexandcr (irant arrived in Salem about 1700, pur-
chased a lot adjoining the Edward Wade lot, on Mar-
ket Street, and erected a brick dwelling, which is slill
in a state of good preservation. With John, Ilalpli,
and Xalhaniel Bradin, of Salem, and John Vining, ot
Mannington, Alexander Grant was instrumental in
organizing the Episcopal Church in Salem.

Near the foot of Broadway a street was l.iid out and
opened by the Proprietors' direction, ninety feet v. ido.
Jidin Worledgc, the eminent deputy surveyor, pur-
chased, on the southwest side of this street, a hit
in 1691, on which, the next year, he built a pl.iiu
brick dwelling, which stood until a little mure tliaii
two years ago.

John Lawsnn, the ancestor of Mayor Charles r.
Lawson and others of the najnc in Salem, was born
in Liverpool, England, of tjuaker parentage, in 17o0,
becnme a cooper, came to .\niericn and located ia
Salem, and, with William Perry, was engaged in the
prosecution of his trade until the outbreak of the
Revolutionary war, when, casting aside the prejudices
of his sect, he entered Capt. Helm's company of the
First New Jersey Battalion. The present imaycr of
Salem is his descendant.

There was a large ancient brick building standing
on Yorke Street, near the line of Salem and Elsinborn.
It is not known when it was erected. The owner was
Erasmus Fetters, a tanner, and a member of the So-
ciety of Friends.

The following are the names of families and indi-
viduals prominent in Salem from ISOO to IS'lO. ^lany
of them are the names of well-known citizens at this
time:

Acton, Allen, Austin, .-Vrcher, Ayres, Acrlsen, An-
drews, Bradway, Bailey, Burroughs, Bavis, Barlram,
Baker, Bond, 15right, Busley, Cattell, Clement, Coron,
Collins, Cofl'ee, Cooper, Craven, Cloud, Challis, Camp.
Counsellor, Dick, Dare, Dunn, Dayton, Di nnis, Dur-
Jing, DanieU, Durell, Dickey. Elicit, Elwell. Firth.
Fowler, Fleming, Fithian. l''roas, I'ox, Garrison.
Griscom, GrofT, Gilniore, Giljbon, Gncitner, Gilhcns,
Glanding, Hufty, Harrison, flill, Hutchinson. Hall,
Holmes, Harvey, Hackett, Hazlchurs', Jones, Jacolis,
James, Jeffries, Ivins, Kea-bey, Keaii, Ivigcr, Is'irby,
Kitis, Kiiispy, Kelly, Kirk, Loomis, Lawrence, Lague,
Lawson, Lippincolt, Mulf'^rd, Mason, McUonnel,

CITY OF SALEM.

373

M.iir*, Mankiiis, Mailnra, Xowell, Norton, Nicliolsoii,
Nichois. Orion, Ovormnn. P:urott, Peterson, Paltor-
«.on, PIoiiiilnDan, Prior, Pyle, Pobiiison, Kednold.
Kiley, Kumsey. Eonan, F.eynolfis, Pi.lgway, yniitli,
Slionnls, Siiinickson, Seiil!. Slierron. Simpson, Smart.
Sheppard, .Sheldon, Sutton. Scott, Sliarji, Swing, Siok-
ler, Shinn, Sterrot, Tyler Teel, Truss, Tliornpson.
Tuft. Trask, Tindall, Van Meter, Vaiiliorn, Walton,
Wood, Wriiflit, Williams. Yorke, and Younp.

A gr:iiit was made by the executoi-s of John Fen-
wick, William Penn, Samuel Hedge, and Richard
Tindall to George Ha/elwood, Thomas Woodrud, and
Pticliard Johnson, tliree freeholders of the town of
Salem, in trust, upon the conditions that such free-
holders a.s purchased property in "the town mark"
should bind tliein-elvcs to make an endiankment, be-
ginning at the town landing, afterwards c.illed the old
wli.irf, and running to "fast land" on the Windham
or Holmes Dalhvs farm, and erect two wharves, — one
at the foot of Broadway, called " the town landing,"
to be iii.tdc so complete llial boat.? could come to and
load at low-water mark; iheotherou the IVnu's Neck
side of the creek, opposite the foot of P.rondway, for
the accommodation of the iniiabiiants of I'cnn's Neck
in their business interconr>o with Salem. Tiic-e c(m-
dilioiis were accepted by twenty-three freeholders,
owners of the marsh, who entered upon the work, and
by .as.<essment levied ujion marsh-land owners erected
a "tidc-bauk," and .shut o.T the w.iter from the low
ground, and built the fv.o wliarvcs as recjuircd. This
charier was made in perpetuity to the three freehold-
ers named us trustees and their successors, and was
dated l>cc. 24, lOSS. The wliarf at ll.o foot of Broad-
way was of great benefit to the cimimercial ancestors
of some of the present residents of Salen), who ex-
J)ortfd the proilucti JUS of the county to the island of
Barbadoes. to New York, and to Bo-ton for some
years, until Philadelphia became the rival of Salem, '
when the foreign trade of the latter place began grad-
ually to diminish. On the decline of the cxj-ort trade,
that pan of the landing at iht foot of Bro.adway not ,
occupied as the wharf of the present day wan appro- '
prialod as n market ground, and during one period
fair.s were held on it twice a year. It was also used in
storing materials for vessels, which for many years
afler settlement begun were constructed there. Later
some of this property passed into individual possession,
and became the Inrak of enterprises known in the
history of modern Salera.

Organization and Incorporation.— Tlie town of
Salem was incorporated iu lOC'-'i. The act tinder
which it was organized created the office of burgess.
The burges.s wjis invested with authority to hear and
determine all civil cases where the sum claimed was
under forty shillings, to grant and revoke tavern
licenses at his pleasure, and to punish all peivjns
who might be convicted before him of rudeness, pro-
fanity, Mdd vicious practices.
Earlj- Officers.— The lirst oKicers chosc-n under .

the act creating the town of Salem were the follow-
ing, elected in ^rarcb, 1006: John Worledge, bur-
ge.-s; Benjamin .\clon, recorder; John Jotl'ry, bailiii";
Bii'hard Jv)linso!i, surveyor o( >trects. bridges, and
banks.

The ofl'a-e of burgess was perpetuated until 17(ij.
The successive incumbents wore Joliii Worledge,
Jonathan Bure, William llnti, Kichard Johnson,
and Thomas Killing^worth. Justices of the peace
during this period were Jonathan Bure, Richard
Darking, Obadiali Holmes, P.yneer Van Hyst, John
Holmes, William Kun.soy, Join: Bacon, and Thmnas
WoodrutT.

All freeholders were reijuired to be jiuiietual in at-
tendance at all meetings of the town officors, and ab-
S'^ntees were fined from ten pence to five shillings
each, according to the frei|uency of their non-attend-
ance and tiie urgency of their cause for the same.

The large proportion of (^>uakor inhabitants and
oflice-holders rendered it necessary that some of the
latter should have a substitute for the ordinary oath
of office administered to such olficcrs elect as wore
not troubled with conscientious scruples agai'ist
being sworn, and tlie class availed themselves of tiie
"act to qu'ilify ollicers who are not free to take an
oath" by signing the following I'uchuMlion of lidciity
and faith :

" By virtof :,ii.| iu ot>eiltroC'.< lo I lie s.ild net of .^nruibly, wo, whose
ii.inii.s nrv •ii!-cril>f.l, ilo .lii^-. rolv i.i-onii-'L' nnd •..liiuul.v <iccl,iio iliui
vc will tie true and Mniriil t.i W illiiiui, Kins of Kii^laDd. aii-l tho Rnv-
f rr.im-nl of this pnTlnco of \Vr,t J.r'c.v. .\iid wo do *.louiiily profe?!
niiJ dcrlnre lli.a wr do from o:ir limit* al'li..r, dci.si nui! rcni'iiiic(> as
iiiil'ioiK aud l;rmii:>| ibni diinin»ld<^ dociiliie lliut priiii-rs r\<viiiuiuiii-
citij oi dc(irlv»,l by tlic Pojio or i.Dy authority of tlio Sec of Hoiui' may
(•e d.'inacd or u.iinliorcd by thrir aubjeeK, or any o'.luf « l.alioevri :
and vr do d"clir» that no foiriKii Jiriii.f, prolate, «Iale, ..( |K>t<Mitut>-
b.iili or oiisbt tobaveanypowir.Jurijdlcti rp.jiiporiorlly,p/e-i-n>ii.ci;co,
or aiitborlly, crclesiiuiliral orrpiiiliiHl. within th'» rwilm.

" Wi- profMa .'aitli in Gvd the Fnihcr, and In Jmm» Ciiilft, 111., cti-riuil
.«.jn, lhi< true G^. anil in the U.dy Stirit, one Ci'd blo«e.l forcTi-rni..ro.
.Mid we do acl!iio«lrdge the Holy Sniptures of the Old an.l New Tcita-
menu to be giivn by dlvlno inspiration."

This act was passed May 12, WX. 'I'lio iV.llouiiig
officers of the town of Salen: subscribed to tlie f.iitli
or creed contained therein between IGt'T and 170fi :
Jonathan Bure, Richard Darking, Ohadiah llolines,
Ryueer Van Hyst, John Holmes, William Rninsc.y,
John Bacon, and Tiiomas ■\Voodrufl', justices; Wil-
liam Hall, Jonathan Bure, Richard Johii-oii, Jept.
WoodrufT, Samuel Hedge, Jr., and Thomas Killings-
worth, burgesses ; William Hall and Samuel Hedge,
recorders; Hugh .Aliddleton, sheriff; and Samuel
Hedge, clerk and coroner.

.\fler a period of organization somewhat similar lo
the borough organization of a later day, Saiein be-
came a township, bounded by the limits of the present
city. It was organized as a township, and until J v'i.=!
i's affairs wore conducted precisely a."; those of ih'.;
other townships of Ihe county were conducted. Dili-
gent search among the archives stored in the office ut'
the city rec^.rder and elsewhere has failed to reveal
any truces of Salem's records during this long and

374

FlISTOKV or SALKM COl'XTY.

interesting period of its liiftorj-. tliougli llie discovery
of sonic jiccoiin'.s of tlic results of i<onie of t!ie later
annual lownsliip cleotious in some old newspaper
files in ilie county clerk's oflice enables the writer to
present tlio following fragment of a civil list:

Chosen Freeholders.— Joshua J. Thompson, IS-lS,
lSi>2; Charles V. trniitli, 1S4S; Samuel Garrison,
1849-01; Josepli Kille, ]t>4;)-ol ; Thomas IJ. Stow,
1S52-53; K. C. l!allint;cr, ISoS-oj; William liassetl,
IS.W; Francis Hand, 1 J'-55-5lj ; SauiucI Habermeyer,
ISolUo: ; Morris H. IJassctt, 1857.

Clerk. — Jacob 1'. Nicholson, 18.50-57.

Commissioiiers of Appeal. — Thomas Woodforth,
186i;>-,il ; Chrl.-lian F. lirowii, KV.'^^O-.'-l ; Milliam U.
Stretch, 1S.jO; Jacob W. Mulford, JS.r.l-W; Henry
Frcas. lS52-o6; George M. Ward, lSo2-i>4 ; T. \\'.
Cattell, IS-jS-oG; Thomas Sinnickson, IS-WoG ; John
W. Maskell, 18.">7 ; Moses Kichmau, 18-;)7 ; Quinton
Kcasbey, IS.")?.

Assessors. — Charles liilderback, ISOO; T. V. F. ■
llusliug, 1SM-J2; John X. Cooper, 18.5.3; A. J.
Fegcubusli, 1854-57.

Collectors.— John U. Willie, 1850 ; John T. Uamp-
lou, liK>l-6L'; David Sparks, l!S5a-04; Jacob .M. Lip- '
pincolt, 1 S-V)—")!) ; William Morrison, 1857.

TownshipCommitteeraen.— Franklin Hand, 1850;
James W. Mecuui, 1850; Isaac Z. Peterson, 18-50; '
John William>, Sr., 1850; Joshua W. Tliompson, 1
18.'.0; William L. Cleaver, 1.S51-5-2; W. C. Cooper, I
1851; Samuel Prior, 1851-52; D. W. C. Clement,
1851-52, 1855; John La\4son, 1851-52; J. C. IJaliin-
ger, 1852; Benjamin hippincott, lS5;{-57 ; Jolin W.
Challis, 1853-54; Samuel Ward, 18-33-54; Kdward
P. Cooper, 1853 ; S. H. Clement, lfi-5."-54 ; Joseph I
Petlit, 13.54, 18.50-07 ; Samuel Hilmore, U-55 ; Tlion)as '
B. Stow, 18.55; Jolin W. Maskell, 1S-515-.57 ; Samuel |
Garri:-on, 18-50; Christian I'rown, 1850; Francis
Hand, 1857 ; John 11. lleislion, 1857.

Overseers of the Poor.— Ge<)rge Dowcn, 1850-51 ; |
John McDonnol, ls.5ii-57; Morris Hall, 18-52-53;
Thou'as Dunn, 1854-57- ■

Surveyors of Highways.— Joshua J. Thompson,
1850; Kdward .V. Van Meter, 1850-51 ; Ada?n Sickler,
1851-57 ; H. Sniitii Hright, 1852-53 ; John H. Cogill,
1854-50 ; John Lawson, Sr., 1S57 ; Enoch C. Mulford,
18-57.

Overseers of the Highways.— Edward Orr, lS-50,
1852-55; William McC.nner, 18-50; Adam H. Sickler, j
18.52; H. Smith Bright, 1852; William H. Vining, I
1852; G.ibriel P. Kirk, 185:i-54; Samuel Benner, '
18-55—57; Jacob Keen, 1850; Elijah Sinipkins, 18-50
-57. i

Pound-Keepers. — Joijn Harvey, 1-S50; John Car- '<
pcnter, 1S52; William H. Nelson, 1853; Jonathan '
Butcher. 1S54-50; Daniel Brown, 1550; Elijah Simp-
kin>, ]>57; Henry Friaiit, 1857.

School Trustees.— Bichard C. Ballinger, 1S50-.52; I
Samuel Copner, 18-50-52; Richard M. Acton, 18-50,
1853, 16-55; J. T. Sharp, 1850-51; Tnouias Wooda-

worth, 1850, 1-S53; Isaac Z. Peterson, lS."'0-53, IS-V,;
James M. Hannah, 1851-52, 18-54-55; Charles W.
Robens, 1852; Elijah W. Dunn, ISoJ; Jyh,, (,;.
Thackray, 1854; Samuel Habermeyi-r, 1S55, 1857;
William 1'. Robertson, 18-50; Moses Richman, 1857.

School Superintendents. — Thomas Maylin, 1850;
Willi.wn r.. Otis, 1852-55; Rev. A. B. Patterson,
1850: Daniel Stratton, 1857.

Judges of Election. — Adam 11. Sickler, lS5ti;
Jacob W. Mulford, 1851 ; Joshua JclVrios. 1852; Johi:
P. McCune, 1853-50; Thomas E. Mulford, 1857.

Constables. — Job S. Di.xon, 18-50; Peter Barnard,
185] ; Francis Sickler, 1851-55: Samuel Ware, 1852-
54, 1.^.50-57; William T- Smart, 18-55; Samuel Dil-
niore, 1850-57.

Incorporation of Salem City.— .A-s e;uly as 1851
tlie advisability of securing the incorporation of
Salem was conceded, and in November that y.'^ar
the following notice appeared in the town papers :

' Solice i» lieruby giira ti> tliu Lc,
lian « ill )ic iniiJo at llii m-xt ;'C!.M<
nilo It.t town of Siilcm into a cU.v

\V. C. Wnlniim.

II. M. Sillier.

Fiaiiklln l,..rc.

Tl:<<iiia« lUrley.

C. II. Flumm-'r.

J. M. Ruinscy.

CUiirlps Huuis-y-

Juo. )lall<-y,Jr-

11, .^tttckbott&r.

Wnilain M. RobrrU.

II. .<:|iinU-liion.

J. S. DhickMood.

JiMiathhli P. WiKiiu.

WlllLim Aclr-n.

J. Hi>cli-H, Jr-

Jul.n C. Ufld-u.

J.jsli-ia JclTcri-.

I. G. VIiikI.

W. n. Rolit-rUon.

J. n. Ll|>|>in»tt.

B. F. Fanwrjff-
JMiu C. Smitli.
S. M. Slew on.
Nlitl-»n 1). i'cw.
K. Gwyniie.

1). M<-l)aniel.
John Lawiiou.
Haviil li. KecU.
E. S. SruO'l.r.

C. II. .Nicholson.
Charle* C. Cl»rk.
\V. Thoniinon, Jr.
TliOMiu] Bab •.

J. W. (urpenlcr.
S. II. Klunpgun.
ls.iac llackuO.
K. C. Uullin,;er.

N. il" Iireys.

K. F. Ueoncll.
Janirs G. .Kin;;.
Jiul-citOiK-atucr.
S. ll.Sliorron.
William 1,. Cleavoi.
S- IlnlK-ruiey-r.
J. l;. '.Villi..
J. T. ll.im|i(oi..
Joi.n I'- Bruiia.
J. M. IlauiMh.

jislatuie of Xow Jtrsoy that npfli-
n lor tbp iL-isaaycof an acl toil. cur-
or horoUBh.

K. I-. Thoiiipeon.

A. Slnnlckijon.

M. Van Mctvr.

J. M Mulford.

J. H. Thonii«on.

SoDinrl Ci'pnpr.

Delany IVw.

A.J. Krgenbticll.

W'lllii-m il Vining.

J. 11. Kobhisun.

Willliiiu n .Millf r.

J. >1. Lli.pincr-tt.

J.S. Uackelt-

Edusrd A. Acton.

K- H. Rubbiiiii.

Jani(-4 Leonard.

K'lwanl lifViioMd.

Wllli^Di S. Sliarii.

K. n. Ware.

T. Evan«.

JoUn A. Woilcr.

John Walker.

Samuel Dilniore.

John llallcy.

N. h. McKenzio.

0. I.. Jones.

Joslah Tlioiiii-sou.

John M. Urowii.

Jpvomiiih Tracy.

Jacob riiulln.

John C. Cann.

Edward Van M»ter.

J. P. NichoNon.

Aniuriah Foster.

John L. Butler.

James Wilton.

S. II. Slerritt.

Tlionin.' I.H'.!!lore.

Isaac Act'jn.

William MnnkliiK

■ Ailaiii Storms.

Alk-i. W. Jlii-.vn.

J.T. Wi.dliiiet..n.

Benjamin .Yclon, Jr.

CliarlK W. Kobert*.

.»ohn Cuminl.key.

Joicph Miller."

Ciry OF SALEM.

375

No decisive action secnis to h.ive been taken for
some years llieiCiifter, but the qupition \v:is airitateil
t'rom time to time, until, in rc.-|>onse to tlic expressed
dosiro of many citizeni-, the towiishin committee
called a meeting to be held on Tue.-;day, Jan. I'G, 1S"'S.
lor allowing tlie citizens a direct vote on the question
of having the town of Salem incorporated, said vote
to be by ballot " for charter" or " uo charter." The
rujult of the balloting was a majority of cigiity-eight
vote? "for charter," the whole number of votes east
liaving been fonr hundred and twenty-si.\. Tlie "act
to incorporate the city of Salem, X. .1.," was a|)provcd
Feb. 25, IS'.S.

It provided "that all that part of the county of
.Salem known as the township of Salem shall be, and
is hereby, incorporated into a city, to be called the
city of Salem."

It also provided for the election of "one mayor,
six councilmen, one recorder or clerk, one marshal,
one or more assessors, one collector, who shall be ex
officio city treasurer, two chosen freeholders, one
school superintendent, two trustees of public schools,
two overseers of the poor, two surveyors of the high-
ways, three commissiopcrs of appeal, one judjjc of
election, anil one or more poundkcepei's.

Amendments to this act were pas-ed and ai«provcd
March IS, 1850, March 22, IStjO. Marih 28, 1866,
March 7, 1SG7, April 1, 186n, March 1, 18/1, and in
1872.

The amendment of ISCO established the otlicc of
street commissioners. The amendment of 1867 aii-
lliorized the division of the city into wards, as
follows:

"That tlie city of SulfDishnll bif 'Jlvldod Inlothroo wanU, tu Uie ninu-
i.oi fMlluwIii,-, »ij:— All Ihal i.arl ofnaiJ city lying i-att of h line b.-fln-
iili>;attl>cciljr linn in Ih; niliMlo nf Sitilli Str«rt.any ilt Tjriuni cnurarfi, to lh<- ultldlo of rriivrirk
Mr»l; ttu-nce by th« middle of »n»lck Street to Ihu Dild.lle of ParicIt
Street, to it9 |>re4ont tcruiiniu; and tbenco cimtlnuing tlifl lait course of
uld street to tli'< crei'k.onstituling the nortliern lioundnry of Mid city,
aliall b« the East Ward of uld rity. All that part nf said city Iviii); west
of ■ line beginning at Uio city line, In the mld.lle of a roivl, being the
conliuuatloD of OaV Str<icl,and following the middle of aaid road to Oak
Street; thence by the mbldic of Oak Street to It'. iHrmlnii' on Broad-
way; and thence by tho lut coarte ofaaid Oak .Strfot totherreek afore-
•ald, ahall l< the Wcat Ward of said city; and all that |art of aald city
lying between the two at>ore described lines shall be the Middle Ward of
aaid clly."

The amendment of 18G8 divided the city into two
election precincts, and designated such officers as
should be thereafter elected. Following is (he text
of Sections 1 and 2:

"1. B'il tnictfd ly (V S-nUe on'/ Ce/i- mt AtKml.'.,j if the >ttl- a/ S- <b
•'"•'7, That the city of Salvui shall hereafttr be dividi 1 into two j.re-
<ini.'U. iu the manner filbjulng, that Is to say: All that pan of llie city
of Saleio lying and being on the a ntheast si'le of n cerLiln line beirln-
iiirigat thecr«''k lu the centre of Market Sirrcl, and running thence
aloti;; the centre of Ktid street in the course thereof; thence between
ISelden's st'jre and the Nelson House. In the line of division thereof,
C'MiIinuing 'in In a sl:iii;:lit line to tlie llmlu of the aald illy, ahall c<.in-
I'-^e one precinct, wbirh shall Ins kn'»wn aa ami cjtileil by the name of
I'xe Eac,! I'recinct ; an 1 all that p.irt of the city of Sab/m lying and
l-^lbg on the norlliwe^tTly side of the sal<l certain line alintl compos''
ons precinct, which shall bo known an and called by the name of the

West Freclni't: and llie Cotumou Oouucil of said city shall h.ive full
I»ower t-i fix and det.'imine other precincts in s:\id city, a? the saiii
Couiniou O'Ur.cil lni*y from time to lim.* 'leem iiefcsMry.

••i. Ai.:l he U . n-.cVrf. That there sli.lll heleafler bo eleclrtl In tl.o P.lid
city, by the I'-gal voters thereof thronghont the whole city, one ui.\yor,
who shall i<-' ke. per of the city seal, and li..l.i his oftice for three years,
after the expirati-m of the term ot the present mayor; throe Cf^mmon
Councilmen, annually, each of whom ehall hold his oOice for three
years; one reconler or clerk, annually, and whi'se eoli'.pensatiou shall
be fixed and determined by Common Council: one or more .isae-BOlB,
annually; . . . one c<'llev-tor, who shall be e.r tijttci- city treasurer; three
chosen freeholders, in, for, and throughout the said city ; one superiu-
lendeut of p'lblic sch'Hils, annually, who shall hold their offices rcspect-
iroly f'^r three years; two overseers of the poor, OTinnally; two survey-
or^of the highways, annually; three comm'ssloners of appeal, annually ;
two pouud-ki-epers, annually : two constables, annuutly."

The ameudmciit passed and approved March i,
1871, divided the cit\ into two wards, called the
" East and West Wards," doing away with the third
or ■' Middle Ward," and authorized the election of
specified ward oliicers in each. Sections 1 and 2 read
as follows :

"I. . . . All that part of said city lying cast and (i.)uttieaiit of a cer-
tain line l>ecliining at the city line in the middle of Market Street, at
the bridge at tho fo,>t of said rtrec:, and fallowing th" line of the mhWIe
of said street to the nd'ldle of liroa.lway, thence down the mlildle of
Ilroadway to the ii.id'lle of Oak Street, theiico by tho middle of Oak
Street, by it» various coursi-a, to the city line, shall be the Eiuit Ward of
«ald city ; and all that part of Siii'J city lying aovthwcat of the above-
dractibed line, shall be the West Ward of e-.i.l city.

•"2. And be a tnnflttl, That the ward oincers shall be for each ward:
fonr common councilmen, one ussws'.r, who shall bo one of the judgee
of the election ; one chirsen freeh>>Mer, four tinslecs of public schools,
one overseer of tho poor, Ihi^e comnM-.si'ineia ttf apja-al in awes of tax-
ation, two surveyor* of the highwayH, one or more jiouiid-keei-er-., one
constable, one clerk, who shall be clerk of the election : two Justices of
the i*eAce, and one judge of the election."

The amendments passed in ]S.>9, ISGO, ISi'iG, and
1872 are not of a nature to render thcin illtcrc^tilli,'
historically.

The first city election was held, puisu.-inl to a ))io-
vision of the act incorporating the city, on Tuesday,
March 9, 1818. The nanie.s of the officers elected
will be found in the following civil list, which em-
braces the names of most persons wlio have bi-i'ii
honored with official preferment iu Salem from 1S'")8
to 1S82, inclusive:

MAYOItS.

1870-71!. Samuel Ii. GItheii.

187:l-7P, 1SS2. Cliarb B S. Law,on.
lS6t-<3. Henry Sinnlcksoo. ] 1679-«1. Benjamin F. W-imi.

18f^-«7. Kbenezer nunn. I

CITY COUSCILME\.
IS-IS-Sa, 18«. Jamea W. Meciim. ' ISC". Will
I S.')8. Joseph H. Thompson.
IMS, IfW. 166J, 18«, 1809. Sar

uel llabenneyer.
18.'.S, I8fA Willioia J. Diamond.
1S53, 187:i. Quinton Keasboy.
18.-S. John W. MaOull.
1849. Isaac Acton.
1601. Khenezer Punn.
ISol. Mo-'« Rtchnian.
ISOi, 18(10. nichard Gricr.
isia, ISOO, 1370. Francis Uund.
ISfA George IV R-iherlsoii.
18t>t, 1867 William Patterson.
IS'U. John lUniscy.
I'.'-j. Tlioiiia»S!niiivks..n, Jr.
lc(/5. Do Witt C. Clement.

I80S-6O, 1S07-C9. Rolwrt C. John

Nlcholsr<n.
, 16C7, 1876. Charles II. Chew.
[ lh07. Casper W. Thompson.

18(17, 1872. Jacob M. Mitchell.
! 18CS. Isaac I loner.
1 ISia, 1S7I). Joecph H. Thompson.
; tens. Charlea C. Pierce.

1m;0, 18%-2. Benjamin V. Wood.
I la7u. SInion Ii. Smith.
^ 1671, ll'7:(, 1870, 1877, 13S1. C. >l
, Eakin.
, 1871, 1S7:!, 1874. Robert StrePli.

1*72, 1X71. Owen I.. Jones.

167-2. John C. Mnlford.

1673. UichaiJ Kiblnsou.

U7.i. JfrfCi'h V Farrell.

187!. G.-.irge Diamond.

IIISTOIIY OF SALKM COUNTY.

1^74. Kiclmrd P. Ililrt. 1S"S-

1^TS. MiSliaui rimui.ifr. l^';8,

ISTo. l;l.?nczir Smith. 1?"S

l>-u. K. T. Suit. ISTU.

l«;e, 1*7«, If*'. Monls J. I:..l.iu- UTO,

ton. ISTii-

ISTB. Sanmcl Scoll. If?".

ISTC. C. K. I.ii'I'incoll. lt*l,

1H7, IJSl. Willi..iu ». Laws )U. ISSI.

IKT. Kicliara \VW:.r, Sr. « IfSi

1877, IST*. Frank M..\cl.>n. 1SS2,

S.«mu&l \VarJ.
li>>0. S.iumpl O.irrjsoo.
1-Si). M.T^.i. M. I'Tinctt.
v.. V. .\ii.l. rsoii.
\Vill..im II Slaw.
W. KlJri.lgc, .Ir.
Jdiu V. llyiiii.
1,-S2. KreJ.rick W. Sinitll.
J. C. BclJcn, Jr.
Joliii IVniiie.
Oiarlrs \V. Ca«i>er.

ISoS, Its'.O. Bcrj.i
1S6". ISul. William H.l
iJOi. Pclcr UrcMc.
]$<p3. Ki'liraim i. LloyJ

CUT M.\11S1I.\LS.
In F. Uuyncs. ' 1S6S, 1867. John S. Mc(;uiie

1SB6. ThoDini r.romi.
ISC8. IVter Baruurl.

SCHOOL SUI'EKINTF.NDENTS.
ISSS-oO. JltT. n.inifl Strallon. ' lSTl-75. Theoi-ti. Pnttorson, M.D.

lSC"i-c:, lsr>»-Gi3. Rpv. Thomss F. ' lS7G-*2. Grorje W. Timluw.
Blllovp. ' '"*-• ''*''• "• *■ Criosjnicr.

lSta-64, 1SC7-70. RuT. J. K. Slat-
I'hr-

SfllOOI, TnrsTKES.

185?, l^Ol, l>(3, li72. Ki. tiiiJ M.

Actun.
IK.S, ISiil, 18«, 1SC7, 1?69, H.72.

Jarne* M. llnuiHli.
1«0. Wllliani P.. K.>l'erl-on.
lSi9. l>r. Qiillitnii Gil'boo.
lRtJ2. TliuiiiMi V. F. Kti5lin£.
IS'-i. Ju-lms Jcffrtjf.
li>ai-M, 1»U7. Tliunioa Sinnickmn,

Jr.
ISM. If'f, 1871. William L. Tvlir.

ua, ^!•':■*, i87n. Tiimiai b. stow.

KfA John G. Til ark my.
l(ito-66. ElUah \V. Uimn.
U67, IS7U, 1b73. Willinm Piuni

m«r.
JSC7. .>>rt.-pli H. Thim|~>'U.
ijflT, 1S70. CharlM C. I'iiTCf.
lSb8. C. II. Slnnlckxin.
1SC9, l»72. Ephr.ilin J. Lloyd.
ISfi'l, 1.-72. Samuel l>. Gitlirni.
If-V. John nill.
1871-73. Alphrua I'-ildertack.
187i, 1%74. ItoUrl liwjrnnf.

CO.MMI.v-lOSEnS OF APPEAL.

IKb. Henry !>. Hull.
185S, 18CI-62. SIMM llichman.
1859, l«r,7. jKej.h n.Tt-l.
1859. Cilvln D'l'U'ii.
tat. Harrison Wright.
lsi;l-«'J. Juhn La»Mn.
186l-(^2. Jusei'h I>. Itul.inaon.
ISI^-Co. Jokhiia Th<.ni|'.s.^>n.
18«4. William H. Nelson.
18C4-C3. Samuel U.Cilbrns.
18C3-72, 1S7S-7B. R.l.crt Grler.
1S6C. IKCn, 1871. Cliarl^i C. Clark.
leCi, If TV. Dr. (Juii.lun ClULon.
J8''.7. B^hert Owyiinp.
Ib07 .lusepli IX. Li;)pinco(t.
le'-.T. Morris lUII.
18€7-C't. Samuel Diltuore.
18C6, 1*77. John S. McCuiie.
186g-7U. Conrlant M. Eakio.
ItlliS. John O. Tliackray.
ItOj Juhn La«<..'n.
16GS. Nehemiali Dunn.
18W. Bcuhuii Frea<.
l«iS9-72. Aliiheus Bil'lerUck.

1871. J.icob JI. Lipplncoli.
Is71-7:t. Jacoh M. .Mitchell.
1S71-T/. Kavi.l Ba/.-ctL
l»i72. David Carll.

1872. William Pluwmar.

1873. liiclmrd Wialar.
ls7:i-74, 1576, Ji.hn C. Dunn.
1673, lR7;-?2. Smiiicl Prior.
187.J. Fnncia Hand. .
1K74. Smith Bit JerWck.

1874. G.orge D.uc.
18T4. W,.llrr '.V. Acton.
1974. Wi'.lium Limrtncc.

! 1874. Kiae B. lawieiice.
, 1'575. Joseph B. Tliuiniison.

Ir75. J'jhli T.ao>l.el1.

U73-7i;. David lli.»«ctt.

lS7.>-7<;. John T. Hamptnn.

If75. tills B. JoiUan.

1S70-76, lS-2. K. V. licdilriUe.
I 1876. .lames U. llreen.
I 1877-82. Jonathan B. Grier.
, 1877. John Wintar.

1877-7'i. Henry l.Slcklor.

1!57S-S2. P.K-hnrd Kobiiison.
l!S7!^S[>. John Perrine.
1,«T0. S. P. Carpenl'-r.
1ST9-S1. John E. Thompson.

ISSO-Sl. Kohpi t K. Ja.iuetl.
IS^l. P.-vUas It. Siiiuick.<>.n.
1SS2. Charlei) Sharji.
1SS2. M. K. MitJoniier.

jriiGES OF EI.r.CTIOX.

18*8. Thomas E. Mulford.
IRoD. Thomas V. F. Ku.-lir.g.
lSOl-60. John 1". McCuuc.
lsro-70. John Kumsey.
1S""9. Joseph li. Thoinpsou.
1870-71. Thomas nn>wn.
ISil. John IjinilK-n.
1872-75. Willi'im U. .Matlack.
1S72. Samuel t^ar-.ison.
1873. Edward Calhoun.
K',i. Francis Uund.

l.<75. Amnon WriKhl.

187G-7S, l!^S2 Ellis II. .loi-.l.-in
I 1.S7C. Simon B. Smith.

1877-82. John C. CoaU!.
I 1879-SO. C. Hancock.
' ISSO. Richnnl >t. Davis.

18S0. AlpheusBild.-il.acl;.
: ISSl -82. I.sanc /.. C. Gosling,

ISSl. David Carney.
' 1;S1. James II. Sinipkius.
1 1892. Isaac .Ulou.

CHOSEN FHEEHOI.DEllS.

1S73,]>75. Joicph II. lleUhnn.
' 187:% l.«7.^, 167S. James D. .^inlili.

187.1. Lolt n, I'oweit.
I 1873. 1877-78, IS8li, 1S82. William
! G. Tyler.
' 1K78. Iliehard P. lilies.
. 1871. Goorje A Bums.-y.
! 1871, ls77. Gi.Ti;- A Githcn..
; 1874,1876. Wilil-im Pieipont.
1 1874, 1»77. Rlchi.rd Orier.
; 1S75. C. W.i;isin.r.

18711, UTn. c. W. Thomp».n.
i 1877. Caleb Wheeler.
, l!i7C. J, M. l.ippilicoU.

1~7', 1--0, 18-:. J.«ieph K. Biddle.
: 187«, 1K?I. O. L. Jones.
1*79, 18S1. J. II Grler.
, 1879 Sheppard Mariis.
I 1870. J. A. Crld.
. 1878. G. M. Disinond.
1 1880,1-82. Henry J. Freas.
I 18eu-8l. Adam C. Knight.
' 1881. Charles Ciu.pen>ou.

1S.-.S. William H. Sels(

ISO.'-
1859,
1SC2.
ISITi,
lSlV4-
18C7'
18117,

59,lSiw. Itlchard >f. A' ton.

1864-07. Henry SinnicUson.

Smith Slckler.

Benjamin l.lppincolt.
•C6. William A. Ca«pcr.
-70. Sroiih niHerback.
. Samuel Prior.
, Charles S. I.awson.
, Charles W. Casper.

1809-70. Jo«eph li, Heislion.
187IV7I. John T. Hampton.
1872-73. John Hires.
1874-76. John T. GarwooJ.
1874-77. Francis Hand.
1S7S-80. Richard T. Slarr.
1879. IsiacB. l.awson.
1881-82. Benjamin 11. We.-'i
ISS2, John P. Hynn.

CITY cni.l,ECTOi;S AND TKEASDSIIilS.

1&.'.S. William Morrison
If.'iS-OO. Cliaiics S, IjiwBon.
181J1-C2. FroncW Hand.
18P1-SI, J. dm T. Hampton
IbC.'. Henry Young.
l8C6-fi7. Jon.ph «, Heislion
18i;S-C9, W. P.. C-isp.rsi'n.

1S70-71. Charles W.Cnspei.
1872-73. Clinrh'S V. l.ippilKOtt.
' 1874-7,5, Willism n.Uwson.
181C-77. leiac B, Lawrence.
)87S-TJ. John T. Garwood.
1881 vSl. Frank 51. Acton.
18S2. Robert Gwynno.

POVND-KEKI'EllS.

18.5i>. Daniel Dlson.

l8i8-iB. Thunms Gast.ill.

lRiS-.'.9. Elijah Slmpklns.

18il2-f.4, 16';7- 70. Challes Daniels.

1802-113, 1-aac Walters.

l?-8-l-i>., l#i;ii-70. I'eler Slepler.
' 18CVC6. Henry Frlanr.
I 1807. John R. Stancer,

18G7, 1871-72. Richard T. Darnart.

Uf«. Daniel .Snlllvuu.
; 18l.^, 1872. William Bamart,

1871, Amnon Wright.
1k7.;-74. Ileury llrlneon.
1S71-74. William II. Lasher.
1,-Ti-78,1SS0 81. Samuel, •5. Mille
l?7i-77. David Stnillon.
1h78, Janes Riunlan.

1879, William II, .Sliepp'.rJ.

1880, Jose|d> Wrl;:lit.
18.<1. Andrew Hill.
ls82. Cliarlcj Calo,

. IS'<2, Thomas Hamilton,

SURVEYORS OF HIGHWAYS.
1858, ISGl-W, 1871-73, 1875. Adam 1871. John Paully.
Il.Sickler. I 1872. David K, Hir

^868-.^9, TiiomasT. Hilllard,
16i9, Jo'hua Reeves, Sr,
lSBl-63, It'H John R.iuisey.
18IM. H

I 1872. David K

1872. Saiiiuol 1'. Carpenter.

1 1873-74, Josei h D. Test.

' 1873, Williuin Pioipo.it,

: 1874, 187C, B irciay Siuitll,

I 1874. Charles L Pi-lpolit,

I 1875-70. Thomas Yunlier,

I 1674, C.W,Tlioiiipson.

I 1875. Gcoigo Dare,

] 187G. Joseph Lovcland.

' 1876, 1878-80. J. H, Sinipltlus.

I 1877-78, Dcnjuinln H, Diiinore.

I lS7r., 1878-62. Samuel S). Jlilior.

[ ls70, 1881. Josi-pli Wright.

] 1879. Joseph Fox.

, 1881. Eivrood Grijoin.

; 1880, 188-.!. Richard Waddinfil/n

1S8U. Joseph Fox.

i 1S82. James Uni'EeSi;.

CITY soi.iciTons.

1807. Dsniel P. Straltoa, , 1870, Ilarv.y L. Slap-.

lflCe-CI>, E.|ward Van .Meter.

lotH. Charles W. Hull,
1805-00. Samnel L, Bell.
18G.>-C6, Smith BilderUck.
1807. Hiram Harrij,
181,7-68, Thomas Glynn.
1867, W. H, I,BW*.n.
Irll7, 187.>-74. John rurinc.
1867,1872, Jjhn E.TIioinps,->n.
1807, ].SG»-7.». M. K. McCouncr.
1SC8. Jonah Smith.
1863. S.'imuot Garrison.
18CS-70, 1878, 1882. John Hogan
1808, 1871. William Straugliii.
1871. George Kirk.

CITY OF SALEM.

377

TT.S-CS. J.iCo!i >!. I.ii.flncolt
l-Tii-Tl. Willi.iKi n 0;isroiii
1,-Tl-T.". ThoHiiis V. F. Ruslil
l^:i. W. lI.U.wsuu.
I'-T.t-'i}. Kiiliniiiu J. Lloyd.
1ST;i. IleDO- Sinnickson.

U-A-.7. Jin-'.l. M. ilitclicl:.
in. ISTT. W. B. l!..birtion.

ig. 1ST8-79, I^S^. P. H. Hancotk.

U7.<-S1. 1>. B. StratluD.

l.<.-ii-»l. Grorg.' \. C.aMhrr

Mfi. Dauiel Whitii-y.

WARD CCEHKS.

WilliHiii P. Clmlllo.
William H. Titrco.
■TjH. Cliiilon Bowcn.
18TS. llcnrae W. Dio

U<-

.». rr.

IJC9-'

1 -.•;»-■

is: J.

ISTI

■71. Juiti-rs I*in(i>'*y.
Tl. Julin Hill.
CharlM Lamtcrt.
r3. Ilciiry J. Hall.
Jolin C. Jliiirurl.
7.^ John C. C.«>lc.
Clinrlri K. Milchell.
Willijin 1*. Rol.iiisati

1;G1. Uwurd A. Acton.
lF<;2-.<». Smitli Il.Sirkler.
Iw-l-rc. J..lin«..n rrfM.
IKiTT. Elij.ih Slm|.kiM9.
lci>7-i>). liianicnr Whitaker
]^G7. Klfmthau Vanncman.
ISOS. Ju^iib IlogMn.
ISO.-*, nitliar,! II. S|.arkj.
IWJ. Juhii Cu|'7ra>n.

1*75-76. Jmeph M. auou.

lS7f-77. Ci.Mle Hilr*.

1S77. Jo«tia« H. rieritonl.
tl. 1S7S. D. H«rii» i^uiilh.

1S79. William l\iiIon.

1479-81. HarcUy Smith.
I 18SO-S2. Oliver P. I^.irliiiKl<.n.
I li-SO-Sl. Albrrt J.liniMll.
■ ItsSU. Willinin LAiint-r.

lisSl. Joscpll Powers.
. ISS:. John ConnsPllor.

ISSi. John W. AclMii.

1&9'J. EilwarJ >:. Snnlh.

CONSTABLES.

1^69-71. Samuel Dilniurt.
1^7'), 1872-78. Srttul. 1>. .\riudtrong.
1S71-74. I>. B. Hancock.
1S7;-7C. William A..«uilh.
1»78-S-;. William A. Carney.
1^79. llel«j.l>uln Tnn.
li>.<l. HcrLcrt Pevinni-y.
1^S2. John >I. Duikal->v.

OVKR.SKKRS OF THE PO-ilt.

If5!i-.'i9, isr.l-uj, ISC7-')S, 1871-73. Ili07. Jolinron Frwu.

Julin)lcl>u:il.<l,:<r.
lSo8-i9, ISCJ-*;, ll-'»".-jl. Thumu

1$68. Charles S. l.a^l^on,
lsC.9-70, 1>73. Tlioni:i, Glyun.
ls;i-S2. J.'liti >lcn-.nn»l, Jr.
ISiil-SI!. John Ijiirion.

1X61. S^injiid Garriiun.
Isr,«. E|,biairnJ.LIoy.|.

ISiPKlTultS OF WKIGIITS ASP MKASIKFIS.

ls;i Joari'l. B. nn>tnn. 187S-7S, ISfS. John S. Kirby.

1^7:!. John T. (inrwi^jj. l.«7»-80. Paul Knihardt.

)^7<. S.H. Tru.ii. 18i>l. H-nryChavanuF.

JISTICJS OF THE PEAO;.

IfC'. PatiU B. Utill'r.k.
ISTii, 1978. Benjamin F. Wc
1S77. Ct'iirgv U. Morri«>n.
I<i77, liMO. » illinm R. Ci^r
IVSu. SAtuufl 1*. C'ar|>olilor.
I:i7tt, 18?2. $miih DIMerhnci

1>JS isij!. F'lwanl Van Mct^r.

IWS, !.««, 1870, 1870. llobert
Owynne.

UQi, 18C7, ll>72. Charles C. Clark.

146:2, lKrt7, 167.1, 187S. Samuel Gar-
rison,

leeS, IS70. Thomas V. F. Rusling. 1882. VIning H. Tnfl.

CITY CLKBKS AND I!ECOriPt;i!S.
l»i8-60. Jacob P. Nigholsoa. I'v:C-7«. Th.-irlci C. Bailey.

l8'il-«3. ChnrlraS. Lauson. l«70-(>0. Joseph 11. >eriell.

18&I-7I. WiUium A. Guyune. ISel-'-'i:. Juwph M. Bacon.

l»7i-7i. Join ]-a»aon. ,

Growth and Populatiou.— Alter the settlement
liad a.ssiiineil a pcTiiianent loriii, and iiiiiuigiaiits in
con.siflcrable iitinibcr lia<l arrivcfl, ami Feiiwiek had
organized llic colony aiul pLrrcctcil )>l:iiis for ii.-; future,
sales wore rapidly inaiie ot larjre a.-> well as small
tracLf of land, (•ontinuing until lii.s death, which i.-i
thought to have taken i)laee in \C<X'i. From the first
" general order," as agreed upon by Fetiwick and the
purchaser.^, the following i.-; e.vtracted :

" And as fi.r the ■■Plllinit of the town of New Salem, it i» liknwise oi-
'l..red thfil llie town be divid>.J l<y a street; that tko southeast side he
for purclitfftt rs, who nie to lake lh';:r iotn of sixteen acres as Ih^y come,
I'l^ke liieni up an i plant tUcm as liiey Lappeu to join to the lota of the

purchaseni re^i>ie:it, who are to hold their present plantations, and all
of tliem to he aieount.'.l as part of tliv>ir purcha.'.es ; and the other pir;
rn the uoi ih, and l<\ v,^t and by south, is to l>e dispose-! of by tlie chief
proprietor for the enoum^'ment of trade, lie al^o giving, for the .^'ood
of the town in i;eneral, the lield of marsh that Ue;h between the town
and Go'xleliild's plaidatioD; and

•Li.-tly, we dole.aro all .dher things concerning the setting forth
and tiurveying the said purchases unto the chief proprietor, to order a;?
he see) Bt,

" Sign<>d, s

rdincly, "Jtli of the ^Ih montli, 1..

*' Edward Wade.
••John!:ioiih.
" lii. hard Xolile.

IlvjMlit, Lcfeire.
Ldward Cliampn. y.
Kiel.aid Whitccur,
William WiiUler.
lo.berl Wii.ie."

i Richard Noble, one of the .-iirners to the "general
'■ order," \Yas the surveyor who laid out the town iiniler
: the iiislructious of Femvick.

; The jiopulatiou of Salem gradually increa.-cd, until
! about 1GS2 it was a plaueof no little importance, wiih
; a growing foreign trade, and was a i)ort of entry, and
; one shilling was charged for the entrance or clearance
of all vessels under one hundred Inns burden, and
two shillings for the entrance or clearance of all ves-
sels of larger tonnage.

Notwithstanding Salem is the olde-st town on the
ea-tern shore of the Dehiware, for many years it mrule
, very slow progress in the increase of its popnlaiidu,
Mo«t probably the main cause for its .slow advance-
ment in the first two or three generations was that
John Fenwick and his immediate .^ucce-i-^or, Samuel
, Jledge, sold their laiid^ only on the principal streets,
I viz,: AVharf (now Broadway), IJridge (now Market
Street), and Ftnwick (at present East Broadway),
The said lots contained teu tosi.\teen acre^, ami in
time a monopoly in the land was produced,

Thomas Sharpe, who was sent to America by his
uncle, .\nthony Sharpe, tu look after hi^ large tract.--
I of land that he hacl purcha-ed of the Froprielors in
East and West Jersey, ^tayed one winter (1«S0-S1) al
Salem. The vessel by which he cauio was detained
with a load of emigrants at the mouth of Salem <'reek.
'J'homas Sharpe left a record behind him stating the
, town of Salem improved very little within five years,
because the principal owners of tlie town lots had
|iurcli;L-cd large quantities of land in the adjacent
country, hence moved in the country for the purjiose
of bringing up their children to husbandry, doubtless
thinking at some future time they themselves would
return to Salem to end their days. But many of the
large landholders remained in the country until they
died, and their town lots fell to some of their heirs,
I or were sold out of their families.

But, despite numerous drawbacks and disadvantages,
Salciii grew surely, if slowly, and soon came to be
known far and wide. It-, local intcrcst-s advanced,
I and its foreign trade flourished, and as a re-sult set-
tlement jrew more and more rapid, and the class of
comers was such that the town was i)eopIed with citi-
zens good in every -sense of the word. Small niaiui-
facluriug intc-rests were established, and these had

378

UlSTOHY OF SALKM COUNTY.

their effect on the cliaractcr and members of (he pop-
ulaiioii. Cliurolies wtre oriratii/.ed, schools were es-
tablished, the town hiul a wisely-administered local
government, and it llourishod, A description of the
place at the beginning of the last century would be.
interesting could such a one be given. From 1700
Salem grew in wealth, population, and importance.

At the dose of the Revolutionary war Salem County
seems to h.ive acccpled the situation .is a permanent
sctllemeut ofall troubles, national, local, and iwisonal.
Improvements began in the town commensurate with
the means of the citizens. Religious interest devel-
oped in the movement of those who believed it "' was
not all of life to live," and the Friends and Bap-
tists soon had comfortable houses for worship and rude
school-houses erected. Merchants made liberal pro-
vision for trade, mechanics entered with a will into
their several callings, hotels were opened to nccom-
niodatc strangers, and before the beginning of the
present century i'alem was advancing in material and
permanent interest.

The year ISOO, therefore, found the town with a
good class of citizens, alive to the best local and gen-
eral interest. Public buildings (the court-house, jail,
clerk's offices, and market-house) were all erected and
occupied. The growth of the town was more rapid
from ISOO onward, and during the ne.\t third of a
century people of nearly every profession, occupa-
tion, and trade located here. Gordon's Gmd/ecr of
Nor Jemeij, published in 1834, contains the following
descriptive and statistical notice of Salem :

"Salcio, t-'kipniid port town, uiiil xral of JnsUw orSolein Couiily.sll-
ualc 171 uillM N. B. uf W. C, 6S S. of Tri:ilun, and 31 S. K. from Plilla-
drli.lil*; Ut. 39' 32'; long from W. C. I'' :»'. Tlio t-.liip iJof circiil.r
fomi, «uJ U np«rl.v nirroiiudMl by iriUr, liaTinK on Ih' N. W. Iho
S«lpni Cruk, on llie N. U. »nd E. F-nwlckc Crwik, » tril.nl»r> of
that ttfiBui, aii.J oil llif W. another aniall Irllmtary of the same slr<-«in.
The loun is di-Uni fr.>in the p^loware, hy lli<- cr«k, 3Ji lnil'«. The
t.«hip |i about 2 mllM In diauieli-r, and cotil.-.ini 12W acres of weU-
impn.ved land, of R rich aandy loam, dlrldoj into town lot« and
12 farms. The town contalQn about 2.VI d»'i>llln<s: a ftne court-house,
aboul 60 by 40 ffel.of brick, witli brick llre.pr.»jromce« adjnceut ; 1 i;pi»-
cnpalinn, 1 Mctliodl«t, 1 rreibyti-rian. I Baptijf, I Afri.Tan Melli'^liM,
andZQuaker (one being Orlhodox and the other Hi<-k»ite) Cburch«;
1 building of brick, of Ootliicarchitecton-.dejlsued ror»5Uv>nic Hall, :
but whi-li i< now »|propriated to other purpose!, tlie Iwlie being ex-
tinct ; a lank with a capital p:iid in of ST.V'*': » etone Jail with yard,
•urronnd'd by a high uti.nf «all, Udli of small dimensions; 1 niirket-
houee, 2 firi-en«lne»,2 public librariis, 1 acailciuy, and .1 dally scIlwIs
for tc lihini: the rudini-nts of an English education : 5 sunday-schooie,
2prlulin;:-<.ni';<-i,«l each of which is printed k weekly nc»B|.aiicr,called,
re«p«livr.|y, 'The ,<«leni Messenger' and 'The American ."iwlesman';
21 Btoi««, 2 hol-li, 7 physicians, S lawyer i, 3 lumber-yanls, 1 .t.iim-mlll,
which grindi much grain, 1 hon»-niill, 5 apothecaries' stores, 1 llvrry-
■tahie. A steamtjoat leaves the town daily for Delawaie City and Sew
Caalle, lo meet the mnrnin; steambjat from Philadelpliin, uu<i:her to
Pcniisirrove, on tho llelnware, to meet the Wilujingloii steamboat fi<r
Phil.idelphia; alwo-lior»edal;y line to Bridgetown, tnd a twoh/nie lino
to Centr-ville, once a wi-ek. The creek at the town Is I.Vi yards wide,
oTerwhich ls!i wwalen bridge, renting on wooden piers, with a Jr.w (or
the pusage of Teasels. Owr renwickcCreek, a short distance a'xjve Its
Junction with Saleio Cr-ek, Is another wooden l.ridg'.,B neat structure,
roafed. Vci-el" <.f :V) t.>os may appr...ach the town in ^af^.•ly. but the bar at
the month of the creek ptevcnts the entry of retsels dr^wint- nnre than
eight feet watnr. Larg- quantities of wheat, rye, oats, and corn are cx-
IK>ned fr..!n tills plac« to the Kiistern Stales. Tlie streets of th" town
»tc wide, footways paved and bordered with trees, the huliseg ..f frame

and brick : the f.imier, painted wiiile,aie snrronnded with gnriiens ai,.l
i;r.is< i.'ts and adorned with H'wers, giving to the place a ch.-erful an.!
healthy api-^\.r.ince ««rp«i!».'d by few villages in the fnitej Stales. TK<.
t-shlp cont.iine.l, iu ls.f0, 1.^70 inhal.it.-uit9: in 1S32. 2im ho»oeh.ilJ»rj
wh.se ralahles dil not exceed iV> in value, and 397 t;v\ables, 2 t.iii.
yards, 1 distillery; end it [wid taxes for l-ship purposes, ?-12r. ; connrv
use, S72.''.llj; and Slate use, S2:i:l.:i.i."

The following reference to Salem is extracled from
Barber i<l- Howe's " Historic;il Collections,'' published
in 1S44. The first few lines refer to a small illustra-
tion printed in connection with it:

"On the right of the engraving is the jnil, a plain stii. c.'e.l bnihling.
The brick ediflce w ith the chix>U is the court-house, and the small bnihl-
ing piirtially seen in the distance is the clerk's olllce. There 8 houses
for divine worship In ttie town, vii. : 2 Friends, I Episcopal, 1 I'resby-
l..rian, 1 Paptist, 1 Mell.o.liit, and 2 .\fricnn Methodist. .\ largo Gothic
structure, fcrn.evly ii>ed as a >l,is.inlc Hall, slar.ds In the central (lart ..f
the village. There aic also in the town the Salem B;\nk, a market, ■>
fire-engiues, 2 public libraries, a lyccum, an academy, a newspaper
printing-oaice, 17 stores, 3 hutel.s and about 200 dwellings. . . . Salem
Is well built, the houses neat, the street:, l^autiflcl with trees, and ils
general apiuarance thriving and pleasant. Consi.lerable busine^^ is
d.Mic here, and a daily communic.ition had by steamers and stages with
riiiladelphld."

The following t.able shows the ooii^^u- and extent of
.Siilcni in 1850:

; Pupulallou: White, males, 12«7; fcuialeft, 1M9 ; total, 2346. ColoieJ,
males, S9; females, 117; total, 2l)C. Toul population, 3U52.

Born In New Jusoy.

M.I ry land

.New York

Connecticut

Mas«achusetts...

Over eighty ye

Ireland

(■crinany

England

Siullaud

Illinois

Kentucky

Sy^ntb C.trdina.

; read or write

Portugal

Unknown

Of the population of the town

Widowers

Widows

Married uilhiu tUu year...
Ilirtha the Inst year

House carpcnten

Ship-CJirpi-nters

Shoemakers

Uiacksmiths

Wheelwrights

Machinlils

Engineers

Watermen

Tanners and curriem..

Fonn'Irv, iron

.Marlde-'ma^. >ns

Tailor* and cl'ithlore..

Printers

Stocking-weavers..

Kope-niaktrs

S-iddlers

t.'arrlage-mak&rs

Millwright

Cablncl-niakers

Bro'>m-m'iker8

Wharf-bnill-r

Pla-lerers -

Pumi^-maker

Weavew

t'arriagc-tiiinniera

Bakers

Walcb-liiakers

Hro.h.m.<ker

llalten

Carriage.p.iinter

Amount of capital i
valnej 5>,l33,!n.
Occupied in the towi

I-.8 i Confectioners

14 Allopathic phyoleinna

73 Dentists

32 Cashier, Innk

27 I Tellei, bank

» I Hook stationers

5 Mvery-blable keepers

29 ; Oy«ier-c>;llar kee|>ers

7 I Barbers

4 i Clergymen

3 ■ IJlwyers

Ill ' Tin-workers

i I Potters

7 I Brick-burners

6 I Grain merchants

C Lumber meicliaiits

8 Hardware merchant

4 Flour merchants

5 Shop- and store -keepers

14 I.imc merchant

5 School-teachers

12 Iiruggisis

1 Homooi>atliic physician

11 President, bnnk

Clerk, bank

1 Ir

llut^hen

I liuusc-liaiutcrs

&ted in real e.•iX.\t^ by citizens of Salem (CiV

I the 1st of June ."02 lioutes, by 01.1 dimili- ■

CITY OF SALKM.

379

III ISOO tlie population was 3S6o; in 1870, -1572;
:i!kI in ISSO, 505!). Tlie city is now ^jrowiusr nipidly,
:iii<l will doubtless liave a population of at least 0000
at the time of tlie next census enumeration. Much
i.f tliat portion lying .south of UroaJway, and em-
bracing O.ik, Hedge, Carpenter, Thompson, Waluut,
Cliurch, Mechanic, Wesley, East Grillilh, and other
4treet.~, has been built up during a comparatively
recent period.

Educational History. — Education with the earlier
citizens of the Cduniy of Salem was almost exclu-
sively confined to Salem. Here the Friends had in-
Huence by numbers and pecuniary resources, and, as
elsewhere where they were similarly situated, they
introduced a system of education nearly allied to that
later known as the common school system. The
school-house at the corner of E:i>t Ilroadway and
Walnut Street, now in use as .such by the Hicksile
Friends, was one of the earliest buildings erected in
this section exclusively for school purposes. The
principal teacher was ii male, who in the primary
department had female assi^tants. Sometimes the
latter were paid, and sometimes they gave their ser-
vices from a sheer desire to aid the cause of educa-
tion among their sect.

Jacob Wood was an early teacher. Hetty Lewis,
al.so, as early as 1817 instructed small scholars in
the alphabet and reading, and ou Fourth Days, at
eleven o'clock, marched her scholars to Fourth D.ay
Meeting. Khoda Dciin and daughters, Charlotte
\S'istar, and others were voluntary teachers. In the
same building, following in later years, Thomas
Lippincolt, Jesse liond, Thomas Thompson, .Toseph
Brown, Joshua Stretch, William Sletl, Aaron Ivins,
and others followed up to about 1S3S, teaching read-
ing, writing, arithmetic, and grammar.

Isaac English had a private school in ISIS and 1819
in an old brick building which then stood on the prcn^-
i^es now owned by A. H. Slai)e, at the corner of Mar-
ket an 1 Grillith .'^tretts.

The Salem Academy was establi^hed about 1818
or 1810, and was under the control of a board of trus-
tees, lo whom the building occupied and the hind on
which it stood were given, with the understanding
that "the building and premises should be kept in
good repair, and u-ed for educational jmrposes in the
priniaiy and higher branches." Rev. Joseph Shei>-
pard, in 1819 and for several years later, taught the
more advanced English iiranches, and also Latin and
Greek. He was followed by Mr. Gegan and other
teachers of Ihe dead languages. Johii Tabor, Wil-
liam Shourds, I. Sliute, John M. Sailer, ;irid perhaps
others taught l!ie English branAes. In 1?27, by
order of the trustees, Mr. Sailer introduced the Lun-
castcrian sy.-ctem of education, which was continued
until the organization of jmblic schools under the
laws of the State. A seminary was opened by Joseph
Stretch about Ks22, on Wcit P.ni.-^idway, opposite the
site of the First I'.aptist Church. Mr. Stretch also

advertised to keep a " night-school at ?2 to ?"2.50 per
quarter." He limited the number of his day-scholars
to twenty-five. The school was in successful opera-
ticin until Mr. Strelch"s death, when he was succeeded
by Mr. V.'illiam Sleel, of Pliiladelidiia. who continued
it for some time longer. The Bapli-t Society also
opened a seminary about 1824 or 1825. llev. James
Challis was the first teacher. John X. Cooper and
others followed.

After the days of the Salem .Vcadeniy, Mrs. Sprogel,
the Misses Bines, Miss Ann Maylin, and other ladies
had select sclio<ds in the old building. There were
several select schools in private houses, priiicijiully
for young children.

Prior to the introduction of public schools through-
out the county, district schools being scarce, scholars
from the surrounding country, especially from Upper
and Lower .\lIoways Creek, Elsinboro, Lower I'enn's
Neck, and Matinington townships, helped greatly to
fill and support the Salem schools during the fall,
winter, and spring.

These and similar schools afforded such educational
advantages as Salem possessed prior to the organiza-
tion of the public sciiools under tlie State law, Sept.
9, 1850. It was chielly through the exertions of S;iin-
uel Copner, who had long persistently agitated the
"common schnol question," that the idea became jiop-
ular .-md was at that lime adopted in Salem, and the
public school became an established fact. It was at
first very unpopular with the tax-payers, and U|)0ii
the levying of an authorized tax of three thousand
dollars for the purpose of building a school-house it-s
collection was successfully resisted. These troub'c-s
gradually wore away, and in time the schools were
well established and highly regarded, and Mr. Copner
became so popular in consequence of his persistent
advocacy of the system liiat he was successively
elected county surrogate and assemblynian.

The first school-house in use fiir public school pur-
poses was the brick structure on WaliuU Street, then
only a story and a h.ilf high. In that building the
first grammar school was organized, with Joseph
Lawrence as teacher. Miss Fanny L. Young was
the first teacher of the jirimary .school, which was
opened in the basement of the Baptist Church. A
school for colored children was cstabli.-hcd, and was
placed in charge of Allen Bland. The secondary de-
partment was organized in 1851, with Miss S. Joneis
a- teiicher. During that year the walls of the old
Walnut Street school-house were raised so as lo ren-
der it a three-story building, and the rooms at the
rear were added, when the schools were all estab-
lished therein. The accommodations here proved in-
sufficient in lime, and in ISGO a primary school was
opened in a building on Market Street belonging to
T. T. Hilliard, and continued there until iho erection
of the Griffith ."^trect .school-housc, which wa-- lir-t
occupied in 1?0>'.). The rental of the premises on
Walnut Street nearly opjjosite the brirk school-hoii.se

3S0

niSiOllV OF SALKM (.'OUNTY.

\v;»s authorized in l>7'2, tiiu* aiMiiie still iimri.' to the
scliocl :;iv-o:iiinoil;i'.i')!is ul" the city, p.n.l :ho luMiJomy
building' \v:i^ 1c:1mJ in ISr^V A ?choiil-liou?e for col-
orcil chi'.lixMi was built in IonTI'.

The niunber of toachor- eui|»loyod in lS?i? is
eisrhteon. naincJ as follows : rautine \\':ul<lin'/ton,
principnl of the lii;.rh seliool ; Amanda E. E;drid'j:e,
assistant; Srarah E. Hill, princij-.'.l of the sr.tmiii.vr
school; Anna B. .\rni-il!cniir, ;'.■^i^tant; Sn-an I,.
Jones, Anna D. Kelly, Anna M. Moore, Mary E.
Morri<oii, teachers in the inierincdiate department;
Hannah Dilks, Anna F. Foj^, E. J. Sharp, Sarah P.
Freas, Eli/^a E. Jaijiictt, terichers in the secondary
school; Sallic A. Smith, Ei/./.ic C. Siiitcher, Mary J.
Lawrence, M.iry J. Hall, Ida Curby, and Anjic
Davis, teachers iu t!ie primary scIio-dI.

The Salent Coll<.-_^iate In>liti!te w.ts founded by
Rev. George AV. Saiiley as an institute for .vouiig
ladies. The first session was opened Sept. '.<, I^i37, in
the large brick building on the corner of Erop.dway
and Seventh Street, known as Rumsey's Eiiihling.
Thirty-two pupils were registere'l the fir>t. day.
Though founded as a young lailies' school, it was
Very soon afterward:* ehau'/ed. and both sexes wore
ndmitted. Th.> iMibli- -.-l.r.oi. r,f .<.!cni r.t th.".t tiiiio
were of a comparatively low grade. Mr. Smiley re-
mrincd two yenrs. and at the end of that time the
institute numbered about ninety pupils. His assist-
ants were >[adamc l!lakc, Mr. Flint, Miis Frances
Dodge, and .^Fiss Caroline (jibbou.

John H. Bcchtel bou;rht the institute of Mr. Smiley
in the 4umn:cr of IS'lO. Mr. liechtc! was educated
at Miller-iville Normal School, I'enu-ylvania. and had
taught in S.iiyrna, Del., previous to his taking ch:irge
of the instilate. Though apparently a good teacher,
and with many advaul.igc.-- in bis favor, the school
under liis uianageineut was not fiiianciully a succes-s,
and at the end of three years he sold out to the pres-
ent priucipal. During the three years Mr. Uechlel
bad the school there were one huiidred and ninety
pupils iu attendance, one huudred and forty-si.v
names being on the roll atone time. His assistants
were Mrs. J. }I. r.-chtel, .Morris H.Stratton, Caroline
B. IMiineli.-^rt, Caroline Gibboc, M.iry G. Gregory,
Sallie Toivnsend, Mary E. Patterson. Ellen V. Pyle,
John H. Moser, and Edward Van Laer.

The in-titiitc was purch:L-ed by Professor H. P.
Davidson iu the summer of 1>72. It had ju-.t re-
ceived a severe blow from the friends of frcj educa-
tion, who, in tiieir mi-taken ze-il to carry out their
own pet schemes, had suppo-od it necos-ary to de-
stroy, if p'is-ible, all private institutions. The ue.xt
year i*. was destined to receive a .still more f.ital blow
in the fin.iii'ial panic which swept over the country
with sucii fury and |i>ng continu.mce. With a prin-
cij'al of less deterniination the institute wou'il doubt-
Icas have come to an untimely en]. Mr. David-on
wa.s a native <,f Xe-.v llani;.i!iire. D'.iring his minor-
ity lie rectivLd but the sc.int tdiic.itioii of a back-

woo Is district school. Having liccome phy^icallv ;"• .
jiUi 1 so-, 11 aficr re.icliitig his m.ij.nity, ho coiiii:u-iii • ;
titling for college, witiioul money and withoii: frii i; ;.
able to assist. Ho entered Norwich I riivorsity, V, :.
niont, in ISOS. While a sophomore his college co'ir-.
was unavoidably interrupted, but he contiiiucl •..
ply his studic-s, and in 1S71 he received an hoiKir.ir,
-V. M. from Eafayeite College. Thiiuigli his uinlr-
ing energy and the failhuil support of his as^i>taI^..
the Collegiate institute weathered the storm, and if
it lost iu numbers it made up in the increased ^talul.l^■i
of scholarship. Until it came into the hands of Pr,..
fessor David;on there had been no graduation and n.j
systematic curriculum of studies; those were adojn,-,!
and I'rcscribed.

Two years were required to bring the students \ni.j
a cla-siiied condition preparatory to a graduation.
Miss Kate G. Kirby, of S.ilem, was the first to con,-
plete the prtscribed course of study, which she did i:;
June, 1S74. At tiie close of the ne.xt school yoar.
lS7o, the first commeueemcut exercises wore held,
and the gr.iduates were Annie E. P.radway, of Quiii-
Ion, in the normal course; Carrie 31. Thompson, i.f
Sotnerville. in the aeademio ; Clarence 1"). Warucr, of
Gi.i.iby, Mass., iu the classical. From this time liie
institute began to actpure some reputation abroad,
and students camo from other States. .Vccoinmola-
tious for boarders, however, were limited, which oper-
ated against any large iullux of student;* from with-
out the county.

While the in-titute has been noted u'.ore for the
practicality of its work iu the development of char-
acter than for any in'.cllcctual ciaQtmiiig, the princi-
pal has long considered industrial education to .soiac
extent feasible, and so far highly desirable. In the
spring of !•>>! be purchased a prinlirg outfit, cou-
bi«tiug of a hall'-Diedium press, about six hundrdl
pounds of type, and all the necessary implements of
a job-office. Students were permitted to work in the
oliice out of se-sion hours, and were ]iaid Ijy the prin-
cipal for the work done. With no instruction except
what could be "picked" up or thought out, they coui-
menccd the issue of the A'fit, n montiily paper, de-
voted to temperance and education. This paper has
since been made a weekly, and has a fair patronage.
Arrangements were also made to establish u book-
bindery, but unavoidable obstacles have thus far de-
layed the exccutiou of that part of the plan. A
practical painter was also employed to give instruc-
tion in sigii-painting. Nearly five liumired jiupil-
have received instruction ai, the institute in the last
eleven years.

Eurial-Place.?. — Salem Lns no incorpoialod ceme-
tery as-ocialiou, and no public bnrial-|d..ce.s in tin-
coijiraon accoptution of the term. Early buri;'.ls are
f;!id to Lave been made on the lands of families be-
rcavod. A little later tlioso of similar religions of
Sectarian belief hurir.d liicir dead in one common
ground, thus opening and establishing the several

CITY OF SALF.M.

3S1

oliiircliyrtids in llie city. Or those liuit of the Friends
i^ the ol'ivst. The l£i>i>cot>:il, Ijnpti.-t, r.ml Mttliouist
l>nrial-gr<Hii)(ls were hitcrii|«(."U(l in the onlor n;imeil.
The rrcsbvtorian and Ut)ii:;\n CailioUc chiiri-liyunls
are of l:>ler date. The colore 1 people hnve loiip; had
tlicir own hurying-proiinds In and near the city. In
several of these hurial-phices are old uioniinicnts, tlic
inscriptio^^on which, wlien decipherable, are of much
interest to one who contemplates the early liistory of
the locality. In the Frieiid.s' burying-gronnd stands
a gigantic oak, which is the wonder and admiration
of every slianger visiting Salem. ]t is conjtolured
to have stood there at least two hundred and fiUy
years, and by some its ago is thiinght to he much
greater.

The Salem Library. — It is possible that a move-
ment l.iiikin;; to tlie establishment of a library in
Salcni may have t:iken definite form previous to
I^Oi, but no record is left of such an event. In the
year mentioned a con-titution was prepared and
adopted, of the jireamble to which the following is
a coi\v :

" Wiirf.r»y, i liuml>rr of Iiihalilanls of lh« CmudI)' of S.ilcin, tclnj
(lii»irutif uf j>rouioting uspfnl kDowlvdjrt-, iir.il bellrTtug It wiU coQiribuIe
Uirrvto, liavF iit:r(eil to ibKiMith > (.Ikrarr in i|ia To«'n of Salein, Mid
(ul llio I'lC'C-rv-arioti uf Ol<tcr aivl Jtarinutiv iiUK>iic»t mM c.ti^ii^iiiT In
lb* u>r, ai'i'llmiion, anil iiMDn.-niKiil of l)i.. Mmiicv, IV '>l;s, ar.d pninrK
of laJi! cominny : Tlio fyll.iwine a(jrecii;"rit in ^^nt^f J Inf.i. nt n jiontml
incfliiig uf lli'> meiitbcrd of smiiI llbrniy ronipniiy, this I'wcnty-fourlli
fay of JUrtli, One ThouMn.l Kigiil Hniidn;<l iiid (oar."

In the minutes of the meeting of the company, fol-
lowing the constitution, is the following entry :

"Thf> foiTgving conaiitiiiiob beinp rea-l and unnnfmotMly npr*-pt] to
U tlic in..-iiilKr. nut, Uity V>ro«fr!..l !>, Ih.' oliulct of Oflciis, wln-n the
f-jil.twln,; j«i.Tf>on« ^^cr# chtiiH>n to blt^c nbtil 'ho tlr.-t itutiuiil niPi-ting
June next: Wlllldin Pair-'t, prr^i.lont ; Tl.jcu Juuuo.Jr., F.-ciilnrjj
Aljiicr Eoi-sly. Ircawirvr: Dlr»ci.iip<, Jnho Visi»r, William I'nrrot,
CIriner.t HaU, l>r. lU.);:.' Th»m|>Mli, Jac.>l> MuII..pJ, Wlllinm K. Miller,

rt^vid SD.itii."

At the first annual meeting of the sub-cribcrs to
the Salem Library, June 14, ISOI, the following ])er-
Pons were acknowledged as members, having paid
their subscriptions in cash or in books:

Jolif. Smith.

Jon:\tli.iii Wuo'lnutl.

llviijan.in .\ctun.

SaoiU'-l ClmicnL

Tlioiim-. .I'>n««, Jr.
Saniiud Alltrn.
Foni.an .Mulford.
Daniel U.iirl»jn, Jr.
JanipiSli^rron.
Thoma, Murpby.
John Kni,:l.l.
D:ivid Smith. Jr.
John G. tloln,?.
ll.-7-M>h l:.i|.a.
Ht-ler Smii:,.
Ji-dcllT.I, .Mien, Jr.
li<HAC Toun*f>nd.
William F. Miller
Samjcl Dr'Tn.
Th.in.ii.Ouodwiu, Jr.
.^i.n IJi.'on.
John t'hih.
Willlj,,! .Smith, Jr.

.lacob Warfl.
Stephen Hall.
Clenirnt Hall.
John VVhtir.
Morris Hull.
Tliomiia itaaOD.
WilllHin Pirrjr.
Morris Hancock.
Iiuiac \V. CniDP.
Mei-rinjin .smilh.
V. Sanincl AI!or>l.
riari..«n I'lirr.^t
lledec Tliomi-on.
Rlgar Brown.
Abnor Ilf*;ely.
Tlionmt Itowar.
\Villi.ini Gr'pcom, Sr.
Jo«epIi ThoDipeon.
Hozeklah Hewea.
Jamca Ura»ki.
Samuel Smart.
Ilanniih A'tin.
.TLmts Kiii"fv.

liott R.indo)ph.

Eitwui.! Utirruughe.

H .vviniall.

I-nxc Hail.

Willi.ini Jlalrs.

Jacob MiiUotil.

Suniu.-I AldHjtt.

D.iTld Smith, Sr.

John Smith (of M^icningti

Hill Sun'lh.

Lnriiis lloralio Stotklon.

'J'honifls Sinnickson, Jr.

John Tuft.

J.iin.s M. Woodnntt.

Jwiah Huiri.^n.

Williin. Shonrds.

John (loodwin.

:?antu<-l Rcove.

Jo^hu.. liraJvay.

Ihoniui Thoui|>90n (of Sah

John Walker.

^Villianl Gi1

TlK

■ Bin

Joseph Brown.
Isaac Mnsj!.
Mary Howell.
PnidiMJCe Sniilh.
I^liza lUouii.
&>rab Hufly.
Darkin Sirholson
Anna 1>i.-k.
Abrahaui Ijoya.
Thomas Uradivay.
John Hancock.
Morri? Hall, Jr.
Gcrvas Hall.
TUchcl U.Mlinan.
Kohert l>. .lolinsoi
Josiah Miller.
Henry Miller.
Juhn Wood.

At this meeting the following persons were elected
officers for tlie ensuing yoar : CSemcnt Hall, president ;
Abner Jleesiy, treasurer; John Wislar, AVilliam F.
Miller, Dr. Hedge Tlu^jiipson, CUinent Hall, David
Smith, Jacob Mulford, and Edgiir Brown, directors.

There was little change in the mnuageuient of the
library until 1S09, when "The Library Company of
Salem, in Xcw Jersey,"' was incorporated under the
act to incorporate societies for ihc promotion (>f
learning, passed the l'7th of Xovember, ]7!i4, and a
suppleinent.'iiy act thereto, passed tiie 11th of Xo-
venibcr, 1700, extending the former to library rom-
paiiie.<.

The corporators were Hedge Thomjison, Gervas
Hall, John. Wistar, Wiliiara F. Miller, \hw:ah H.a-
rison, James Kiiisey, Clement H.ill.

"At an adio;iriicd mcetiiig of the triisfics oC the
Library Company of S;deiii, in Xew Jersey, hehl at
the library room," July 10, ISVO, tlie follov.'ipg olli-
cera were elected : Hedge Thompson, president; Jo-
siah Harrison, secretary; Abrah.iin Ijoys, Ireasii rer ;
ls2i!tc Mos.s, librarian.

The existence of the library company soenis to
have been uninterrupted from this time on until
about 18-13, as between 1.S42 and iS47 no officers were
cleclttl. Those chosen in 18-12 were as follow.-^:
Thomas Sinnickson, president ; Clemeni .-Seton, secre-
tary ; Johu Tyler, treasurer. The directors at that
date were fjeorge M. Ward, John Elwell, A. (t. Cnt-
tell, Clement Acton, and Richard M. Acton. 'J'lio
aflairs of the library languished to such an extent
during the three or four succeeding years that in 1S4C
the enterprise seems to have been practically defunct.

In 184*; it was revived, but in a i'r'w years it again
languished, and finally eer.sed to have a practical e.i;-
islence. About 1803 public interest in tijc library
wa-s revived. John Tyler was made president, and
\V. Graham Tyler librarian. The books were r»i-
ranged in a small buck room on the second iloor of
Brown'.s (now Gorwood's) building. Several new di-
rectors were chosen, and under the new managcnicnt
the library entered on it.'^ most prosperous period.

382

lllSTOllY OF SALKM COUXTV.

It \v;is Opened regularly ou Satiirdny afternoou<,
tlif ilirectiirs takii;;^ charge by tuiiis-.

Tlie new room .-mou jiroving too .small, the library
was moved into its present qiiarters, a large, well-
lighted room in the centre of the city, belonging to
Mr. Jonathan Jnghain. The library was now opened
on Wednesday mornings as well as Saturday at'tor-
iioons, a eouimittee of ladies taking turns in over-
seeing the issues.

This sy-tem of liiiving the work done by the di-
rectors and the more zealous members of the library
company has enabled the association to devote a large
])nrt of their income fo the purchase of books.

The library now consists of nearly five thousand
well-selected volumes, and is the best public library
south of Newark.

KI.N.\NI,'IA1., C0M>!1:RC1.\L, .\Mi 1NIII--1 JltAI. INTi:i!KST>.

The Salem National Banking Company.— In
1S23 a corporation was r^^tablislad in Salem under
the title of "The Salem Steam-Mill and lianking
Company,"' of which ^Yilliam X. .lelVers was presi-
dent, and William Mulford cashier.

Among the incorporators were Sanuiel Clement,
Richard Craven, Uaniol Garrison, IJoiijaniin Griscom,
Morris Hancock, William X. JeiVers, Joseph Kille,
William Mullnrd, James Xewell, Jonathan Richnian.
Jercniiah Stull, John Tuft, and Daniel Vanneman.

At a meeting of tlie board of diriclors of this cor-
poration, held Jidy 1, l.S2;'>, the steam-mill wa.s ordered
to be solil. It was conse<iuently disjioseJ of, and the
banking institution continued biisint.-s under succes-
.sivp presidents and cashiers as follows: President-,
John 0. Mason, Morris Huncork, Calvin Helden ;
cashiers. Williuiii Mulford, Louis P. Smith, John
Elwcll, George C. I^umsey.

The Salem National I'nnking Company was organ-
ized in July, lSi!">, under tlie provisions of the act of
the Legislature governing such institulion.i, and it is
the successor, and in some re-)iecis a continuation of
the old bank, at the closing out of uhich a dividend
was declared of one hundred per cent., payable in the
stock of the present institution, making an increa.-e
of capital from seventy-live thou.^and to one hundred
and fifty thousand dollar-. July 1, l.'>^•2, the Salem
National Bank had a surplus of thirty-five thousand
dollars, and undivided pr.fits amounting to forty-nine
thousand six hundred r>nd ninety-three dollars and
sixty -si.\ cents.

Among the incorporators of the present bank were
George W. Garrison, Henry P.. Ware, Jonathan
Woodnult, nutij.'uiiin Acton, O. B. Stotighton, Joseph
Uassett, Henry M. Runisey, John C. Belden, Jona-
than House, J-aac Joliii<on, Kdwin A. Vanneman,
James Woolman, Charles Wood.

George W. Garrison was elected ))residi;nt, and
Henry U. Ware cashier. President Garriion died
Nov. 20, 1870, and was succeeded by Charles Wood,
who died in (J' tobcr, 1S77. the vacancy thus cau-L-d

being filled by the choice of C. ^l. Eakin to tlic pr.-i
dency.

Jan. 3, 1.S71, Henry U. Ware resigned the ca-l.i' r-
ship on account of ill health, and was succeeded hv
Renjamin Acton, Henry M. Kumsey being eiecti-1
assistant cashier. At the death of Mr. Acton, in S>|..
tember, ISSl, Mr. Rumsey was elected cashier, an i
F. ^L Acton was made a.-sistant cashier.

The diiociors in tlie fall of 1SS2 were the follow-
ing: C. M. Kakiii, Henry M. PiUm.-^cy, F. M. Act^.n,
E. H. Rassett, J. M. Carpenter, W. W. Miller, JoM-pli'
K. IJiley, Richard Woodnntt, and William A. Woini.

Hkxuy Bvi:r Wa}:e, son of Racon and Anna .hm.
(Rumsey) Ware, was born in Salem on Aug. 2u, !>l''..
On the paternal side his ancestry is traceable back lo
as earh a date as 1675, when Jose|)Ii Ware, the orig-
inal ancestor of l!ie family, emigrated to AmeriiM.
The maternal branch was represciucd in Cecil County,
Md., as early as 1C().5.

Mr. Ware received the first rudiments of an educa-
tion at tile common schools of his native place, and
at the age of sixteen was appointed to a cadctship in
the Military Academy at West Point, where he iiati
as classmates McClellan. Rurnside, and others si;i. o
distinguished in the military service on belli side-
ilnring the late war. He remained at the academy
for four years, making ra|dd progress and taking liigii
rank as a student, until compelled to resign his i)o>i
tion because of severe physical disability. Rctnrii-
ing to his homo in Salem, he soon after secured cr:i-
jdoyment in the Salem Rank, serving as teller und. r
his uncle, George C. Rumsey, and upon the dea'.li ui
the latter succeeding liim as cashier, at llie sanio
lime becoming ii member of tlie board of directors.
He continued to discharge the onerous and rc-jpoii-
sible duties of the position for more than a (juarter
of a century, with great acceptance to the public,
aud to the satisfaction of the olliceis anil slockholilcr^
of the bank. He made a model olTicer, being iiroinpi.
obliging, faithful, and etlicient, and held a place in
the conliiicnce and regard of the patrons of the banl-
as unusual as it was deserved. Finally, owing to
failing health, he was compelled to relimiuisli )ii>
duties in part and seek recuperation in travel. He
visited Europe, but gained no benefit from his sojourn
there, anii failed also to secure any permanent bem'iit
from the medical springs of this country. Feeliiig
no longer able to perforin the duties of the ca-liier-
sliij), he resigned the position Dec. 27, 1870, and re-
tired to private life. His resignation was accepliil
by the board of directors of the bank with great re-
gret, and re-olulions were pa.ssed testifying to " their
full apjireciation of the long and faithful services ol
the retiring cashier, the sterling integrity of his ciuu-
acter, and the prudence and intelligence that ever
guided his action."

After leaving the bank Mr. Ware Cllci' no other
public position, excej)! in the cliurch, until appointed
po.slmaster of Salem by President Grant, in Marcn,

^^>^.

Qp-rr^^

1 %

CITY OF SAhEM.

3S3

ISTfi. ]Ie lieUl this jiosiiion for a few moiitlis only,
ji.u-,^!n,i: :i\v:iy troiii tlio sceiu'> oflilo on July ii, ISTo.
Hi- was never :in aspirant lor pulilic place, tli<)ii{;h
Itiulinir a clieerlul supi^-rt to all national, State, and
local movements of iniport.inec. liU cliiet" labors,
oiit.-'ide of his hanking business, were performed
within the ehurch. lie was eleotcJ an elder in the
First I'resbyterian Church of Salem early in life,
and held that position until his death, lie also took
sreat interest in the evangelical agencies connected
with church work, and in the missionary and Bible
causes was especially active. At the time of his death
he was trea.surer of the Salem County Bible Society.
Fur nearly twenty-Jivc years he officiated as superin-
tendent of the fcjabbath -school connected with the
First Presbyterian Church, and by hi> kindly and
loving administration of its all'airs endcareil himself
to teachers and pupils alike. An invalid during
nearly his entire life, aud suilering from a painful
and exhausting disease, he ever manifested a cour-
teous and afl'ablc disposition, aud by his kindness of
heart and open gcnero=ity merited the esteem and
confidence of the community in which he lived.
His early demise was greatly regretted l>y many
friends, and the public prints of the period contained
many tlatlering estimates of his character and deeds.
Quoting from one of thc^e published euiogiums, a
true summary of Lis character may be given in these
words: "As a citizen, he was intelligent and valu-
able; as a business' man, houest, correct, prompt, and
reliable; as n Christian, a shining c.\aiijjde. l,Iis
virtues .".re a rich legacy to h\> chiklreii ; his correct
life and happy death a consolation to his widow and
relative.s; aud his example a lesson to us all, — a
never-ending sermon, full of exhortation, sympathy,
and love."

.Mr. Ware married, on Sept. .J, 18o5, Sarah Gilmore,
daughter of Thomas W. and Kczia I'Gilmore) Cattell,
and hail a family of four children, of whom three sur-
vive, vi/.: Anna, wife of .Tuhn V. Craveu, of Salem;
Thomas liacon, and .Vlexander Cattell Ware.

The Salem Board of Trade.— The Board of Trade
of the City of Salem was organized Dec. 4, 1S71, to
give tone and energy to the clibrts of the citizens in
securing the advantages which the jiosition of the
city oli'ers to commerce, trade, and manufacture, as
Well as to promote unity of action, and to cultivate a
niorc intimate and friendly acquaintance among the
bu';incss men of the city. The following are the
names of the original uieinbers :

Josopb Bassv'it.
Ge rg^ ?I. Wnn).
J. U. HiUiunl.

Llv

rDu

Kiclidrd IV Iliks.
WvHlt W. Sl:;if.r.
SADiiiel W. MiUer, ,Ir.
Tliomas S. Siniiicksiti'..
Jftiues S. Joliu&ou. .
Bt'DJauiiii .\<-toii.
William Bos!CIL
Kichinl Uilcs.

Clil

iI!o»

Kichard WislKf.Jr.
Joseph R. Tjil'jnncolt.
Joseph 3>. rancoast.
JosiaU Morris.
Cloaienl Ilnll.
Jno. V. 31,.>.rc.
l>. \V. C.Clcmclil.

Juliii S. Xowell.
.li.iiics LinUzry.
Jarob M. MiUbcll.
Job a K. Tbaulp^.on.
JubD T. II;imp:on.
Jobu Hires.
B. A. Wiiddingtou.
r>aTid E. Davis.
Kobert Novvcll.
Cbatle? S. Ijiwsoii.
Joseph Miller.
George H. Robertson.
Job 11 M. Carpenter.
George .\. Kiiuisey.
A. H. Slapo.
)>ullii8 SiiitiiekFou.
Klcbiird Wistar.
IticlKird Woodmitt.
Elijiib W. UuuD.

K. M. Actoo.
Tliomos V. r. Runlliig.
Henry D. Ilsll.
J. B. Ud-'ioil.
0. Jf. rjikiri.
Jiiliu C. Dunn.
Cici.ient U. Sinnirl:*.!!
Mor.U !UII.
Ucnry .Siiiiilck-win.
W. i;ral;uin TjrUr.
)Ucl,i.r.l (irier.

Cliurlw \V. C-!.,;..,
TUcupliilui t'attei
Owe:i L. Jones.
WIlllHin Patlerft*!
Jno. L.ml...rt.
liob«rt Gvryiiue.
JobnC. ilulfoid.
J. V. Cr.iven
T. T. Ililli.ii.l.
B«iij.iiiiln r. Woo
Culeb Wb.el^r.

The lirst oUicers were Richard M. Acton, president ;
William Patterson, Clement U. Sinnickson, and
Morris Uall, vice-presidents; Thomas T. Hilliard.
secretary ; John C. Mulford, treasurer; W. Graham,
tylcr ; John Lambert, Robert Gwynue, Benjamin
Acton, Kichiird Cirier, Henry SinMick^on, Henry D.
Hall, John C. Dunn, f^harlcs W. Casper, Charles S.
Lawson, Owen L. Jones, Joseph B. Heishon, C. M.
Eakin, J. V. Craven, and T. V. 1". Itusling. directors.
The following oliiccrs were elected in 1SS2: Presi-
dent, Owen L. Jones; Vice-Presidents, lleniy D.
Hall. n. V. Wood, J. 1!. Hilliard; Secretary, L). H.
Smith; Treasurer, Josejili Bas^etl ; Directors, Joseph
Pi. Lippincott, W. «.;. Tyler, J. V. Craven, Thomas T.
Hilliard, W. Patterson, C. -M. Fakin, Ci.arles W.
Casper, Caleb Wheeler, Charles S. Lawroii, A. W.
Sherron, W. H.Thompson, W. Morris, Samuel Dunn,
J. H. Kelly, John Liim'uert.

Merchants.- -It is probable that the earliest mer-
chant in Salem was Judge William Hall, who for
many years was prominently identified with the lead-
ing interests of the town and county. The names of
his contemporarias iind other leading incrciiants of
the pioneer period of the liistory of the town liave
not been ha'uKd down to the jirescnl j:eneralioM.
During the latter part of the eighteenth century
such mcrchauts as were then established in Saleiu
kept stores of more than " general" assortments ol
goods, as the term is now applied, selling dry-goods,
groceries, provisions, articles of household ft.rniluie
and utility, as well as New ivnglaiul rum, apple-
jack, sherry wine, and aniseed cordial, hogaheads of
liquors being common freight by the Philadcljihia
packets. The following are the names of the more
prominent of the merchants of Salem from ISOO to
1831!) :

Andrew Sinnicksju (who began busiii'.s.s jjrior to
the Cisl date menlioned), William Ctitlel!, Thomas
Jones, Thomas lir.idway, Thomas Andrew.'!, Samuel
Clement, Joseph Clement, Tlioiiuis Sinnickson, Wil-
liam Mulford, Mulford i C-'altell, John G. Ma,:on,
Jacob Mulford, Thom;is W. Caitell, Cattell, l;rown c^
Bassttt, James liartr.im, B.irlraui it lioliin;oii, Ciidion

3S4

HISTORY OF SALEM COUNTY.

Scull, Clement .V Scull, lienj.tmin Acton, I'attcrson
i^ C'r:ivcn, Mulfmil I'i Sots, Bacon «<: V>'o"d, Sanniol
Demi. Sliejipar'l & W'ontl. Henry Freas, D,vvid 15a-
con, Clement Hall. Smith, Filliiaii i^ Ma.^kell, June*
& Yotk-e, Hud'l .^- Tluukary, Davi.l D. Smith, Smith
<fc Peterson, William J. Shinn, Sliinn A Eiwoll, and
John Ehvell. Several of the above-mentioned mer-
chants were buyers of I'ork, beef, grain, and geiieral
country produce. Saniuel Clement and Clement it
iSeul! were large operator? in pork, buying, packing,
and shipping more than one hundred thousand pounds
of hams, pork, and lard annually for several years.
From ISi-i to IStiO. Thom.is W. Cattell was a very ex-
tensive dealer in lumber, making a sjiecialty of white-
pine, of which at limes he hi'udled from five buadrcd
thousand to one milli(jn feet yearly.

The mercbanls who have traded in Salem since
18.30 have been numerous, and as a class as enlcr-
prisin;? as tradesmen in other sections of the country.
The city now contains a goodly number of stores of
all classes, many of which are extensively stocked
and liberally patronized. Among the leading mer-
chants at this time are William II. Thompson. .Tona-
thaii H. ICelty, ITenry J. I'reas, dry-goods dealers;
A. W. Shcrron, .Vndrew J'. Taylor. Isaac B. Law-
rence, Kichard P. Ilile-i, llilcs & Son, William li.
Ho'jven, grocers; Craven iV: Hrolher, dealers in gen-
eral merchandise; Eakiii A" Hallingcr, Joseph Passell,
Joseph U. Lipjiincott, druggists.

The Trades. — .\t the close of the Pievolution good
citizens generally were ready and anxious to sittlc
down to the prosecution of their regular avocations,
which had been intcrrupteil during the trying period
of the Wi'.r. The blacksn)i;!i's, wluelwrighl's, tailor's,
and joiner'.s crafts aeem to have been well repre-
sented from 1700 to 1S30. As early as 107S a son of
William Cooper, the emigrant, is said to have begun
blacksmithing in .Salem, but we have no data from
which to give the names of other local workers in
iron prior to 1S12. ]

In so.iicvvhat irregular order follow tiie names of
representatives of the various trades in Salem from
that date up to 1830. ."^iuce the latter date merchants
have bem numerous and constantly changing: J. M.
Bacon, Isaac Nicholson, Camji <fc Collins, James
Camp, Kd'.vard Collins, John Lawson, Isaac Acton.
Janus Bright, Ehvood Kay, John Lawrence, black-
smiths; John Collins, William Gro'l", William Sbor-
ron, Pcier Blackwood, Joseph Hall, J. K. Chow,
wheelwiighrs; Aaron Bevis, .Stretch & Mongar, John
Bailey, William B. Stretch, Benjamin Biley, F.pliraim
Haines, Isaac Wilson, Solomon H. Merrilt, E. Reed.
J. Burnett, tailors; Stephen Mulford, Henry Plough-
man, John H. C'aiin, John Willi.iins, Cliarles Uiiilev,
fieorge Barr, James Logue, Samuel Mulford, \\'il-
liani Arlon, George ^lorrison, shoemakers; Ebenezer
Smith, Thomas .Sharp, Henry Dennis, KitLard Jef-
fries, Howell Smith, ,Ioel Emley, carpenters; James
Dennis, John W. Cluslliss, masons and plasterers; :

Isaac T. Colfee, John and Charles Fitliian, Dm...

Thomas E. >rulfora, Charlos Clark, Boston Gosli,,;..
coopers; Josei>h Dcwe!!, Horatio Lawrence, UoIh;;
Gucstner, house- and sign-painfers.

Early in the prisent century Andrew Johnscin an. I
Masfcell Mulford were cabinet.-ni.akers in Salem. The
latter advertised to make "small and large spinniii„'.
wheels and bedstead-posts, etc." A little later wen'
Isaac Fleming, Tliomas McDonnel, James W. JIu!--
ford, Thomas Wainwright, Elijah Gilman, Hezckiali
Hews, Japliet Somers, and George Bowen, cabinet-
makers or collinmakcrs, or both. Horatio Law-
rence, AVilliam G. Beesley.and liobert Guestner were
chair-makers. Stougliton & Belden were early tin-
suiiihs, beginning business about 1S21. Bacon Ware,
watchmaker, had opened a shop in Salem in 1810.
Subsequent watchmakers and jewelers have been Al-
burtis .Somers, Jacob W. Mulford. Wheeler & Sou,
William Patterson, and others. Charles liumsey was
a silversmith and jeweler in Salem as early as lS5i.
J. Simpson was comparatively early, and for some
years more or less cxleiisivcly engaged in the manu-
facture of brushes. Samuel Johuson was a weaver in
Salem in 1S16, and Theophilus Holding in I&IO.
Isaac Moss and Samuel Loomis were saddlers in
Salem in 1S12 and 1822, respectively. Thomas Siii-
nickson, Jr., was one of the earlier of those engaged
in the sanse industry of a somewhat later period.

Vessel-Building was begun in Salem as early a'
1S03, and fron* that time to 1840 was an important
industry. Many sloops, several schooners, and other
kinds of vessels were built and launched from time
to time. The "Rebecca Lawrence" w.is built oii
Griflith Street, near the present terminus of Fifth
Street, in 1^23. and taken to ilie creek on large tiuck-
drawn by lliiity-six oxea.

Early Manufacture.s.— The fact that Salem, by
virtue of its location and surroundings, possesses many
advantages which, if properly utilized, will render it
conspicuous as a manufacturing town, has for one
hundred and fifty years or more been recognized by
(he enterprising and ])rogressive of her citizens.
Tanning was probably the earliest important manu-
facturing industry introduced in .Sak-iu. One of the
earliest tanneries was established by a man naiiic'l
Ware. It was a small atrair, which tlie (u-opricto.'
afterwards sold to a man named Bevan, from wlion'.
it subsctpieiilly passed to Joliii Tyler, and it has been
owned by the Tyler family from about 1790 to the
present time. At an early date William Tyler built
on the William Davidson property u tainiery, whici)
was afterwards owned by s'jme of his descei.dants. L
is said there was an old tannery on this property when
Tyler bought it. J. Kcasbey was a tanner in Saleni
about the beginning of the present century. There
was an early tun-yard in the rear of tlie large old
brick hou-'_ some time owned by Anne Cuiry. where
the Thomp-^'jns and .-Vctons formerly did busir.cis,
and another also said to have belonged to the Aiion'.

CITY OF SALKM. 1588379

3sr,

i,;ii-k ol" the rcjideiico of Joseph Test. Ricli.iiii and
iH'iiJamiii AcloJi and Hiiiry mid D;il!:i> .siimickson
were I'ormer tanners. Tliis brancli ol" industry is still
carried on in Salcni by W. Graliani Tyler.

A cnpoia and lurnace and a factory for the uianu-
farlure of eartlienware were imilt as early jis lf>iJ3.
Ashcr liailey was engaged in this industry for nianv
years, and his goods supplied the larger part of South
Jersey. Benjamin Aeton, .Sr., and, later, William S.
Diamond continued the business, which is at present
conducted by Thomas M. DiamoiKl.

The first foundry in Salem was put in operation
about lS2o, and ten years later was an est;iblishnicnt
of considerable note. The proprietor was Samuel
Allen, who manufactured stoves and mowing-machine
c;islings, and did a general foundry business.

Isaiah Wood, tkorge 11. Ward, Cliristi.in Hook,
Henry 1>. IJall, Thomas IJ. Stow, and others manu-
factured soap extensively between 1S:50 and ISiO, and
dilferenl persons at ditl'ercnl periods .since that dale
have been more or less extensively engaged in the
^ame branch of manufacture, wjiich is not icprescutcd
in Salem at the i>refent lime. The sawing of lumber
and the manufacture of felloes was c.irried on at the
landing near the foot of Piuh Street, in a large .«tone
building erected by C'lcment Acton, and which was
sub.'equeutly occupied as a starch-factory. Josiali
Paullin introduced the manufacture of sash, doors,
and blinds, and was snccccded by Jeflries & 'v'crnon
and others. The business is now continued by Wood-
nutt &. IJacou.

As early as 1S20 the manufacture of cigars and
.-moking and chewing tobacco and snufT was begun
in Salem by Joshua Kirk, who received the raw ma-
terial (tobacco in the leaf) by vessels plying regularly
between Salem and Norfolk. Va. Thomas 'i'rask,
Thom.ns Slerrilt, E. Walton, Joseph lllackwood, A.
Fegenbush.aiid others soon afterward engaged in the
same business. As far back a.s 1S21 one of these es-
tablishments regularly employcl as many as fifteen
hands. The^e enterprises snbscjuently ceased. At
a comp-iratively recent dale the manufacture of
eigars has been inlroduccd Tjy Frazier I'i: Ferrell,
John W. Stanley, and Long & Wcstcott, who sever-
ally employ from three to lifteen hands in Die supply
of a constantly increasing trade.

An early, exlen.-ive, and important industry was
the manufacture of haU from llie native fur, the raw
material consisting of otter, muskrat, coon, opo-sum,
and rabbit fur. Delsic Kcasbcy, Caleb Wood, Enoch
Heed, Clement Acton, Jcrvas lintehcr, Joshua J.
Thompson, and Tliompson 4S: 1-reas were successively
or ccntemp()rancou.-,!y prominent in this indu-try from
ISl.') to 1835. Iligh-trowned or broad- brimmed
•Quaker hats of domestic manufacture were formerly
'n great demand, and .some of the persons mentioned
iiad numerous as-istants and apprentices.

Tyler's Tanaei-y.— The tannery of W. Graham ;
Tyler has been owned succe^sivelv bv diiTercnt mem- ,
2r, ' ■

bers of the Tyler family since about J7;X"i, when Jolui
Tyler, the great-uncle of the |ireseut |)roprietor, pur-
chased it of a man named l!evan,it having pre\■iou^ly
been owned by a member of the Ware family. This
establistiiaent has been several times remodeled and
repaired, and considerable additions have been built
thereto. Its products consist of belting and harness-
leather, whole hides, rongh-slaughtcr, and kip- and
calf-skins. The raw material is drawn from Salem
and the adjacent country. The tan-bark comes i)rin-
cipally Irom the mountain districts of Pennsylvania.
The capaeify of this tan> ard is from two thousand to
two thousand five hundred hides per year, but the
local supply doe? not warrant such an output. The
capital involved is about twenty-seven thousand dol-
lars. This is beyoiKl all t|uestion the oldest mauuiae-
luring enterprise nov; existing in Salem, and doubt-
less one of the oldc.-t in Soi'th Jersey.

The Glass ladustry.— The most important inter-
e.-t of a manufaelining kind in tiie city, and one of
the most prominent industries in South Jersey, i? the
Salem Ghiss-Works of Craven Jtrothcrs.

This enterjirise was established in J8fi3 by lloiiiy
U. Hall, .losoph J). Paneoast, and John V. Craven,
who were associated under the firm-name of Hall,
I'aucoast & Craven. In 1878, Henry D. Hall with-
drew from the firm, and the business was eontinued
by Paneoast & Craven ui.til It'T'J. when .Mr. I'ancoaM
died. John V. Craven, the surviving partner, thus
became sole j>roprietor, continuing the enterprise as
such until the fall of ISc^i, when Thomas J. Cr.iveu
bought an interest in the works and business, an.:! the
firm of Craven Brothers was formed.

Thi; llriii lias two extensive glnss-factoric-; on Fonnh
Street and another at ihe foot of Third Street, and
emploN about three hiindicd and fifty hands in llie
manufaclure of bottles and fruit-jars. The impor-
tance of the business of this firm among the indu-trial
and commercial interests of Salem is shown by the
fact that it directly allorJs a means of jr.aintenancc to
a number of people equal to about one-third the j.op-
ulation of the city.

The Salem Transportation Company, nn enter-
prise in connection with the Siileni Glass-Work-, w.i.-;
organized in ].s.5l,and built the tug" Anna" and two
barges for the purpose of carrying iVeight between
Salem and Philadelphia. The ofheers are John V.
'"raven, president; Thomas J. Craven, .secretary ; and
P. Peppier, treasurer.

.\fter the-close of the late civil war, Uolz, Clark I'^c
Taylor erected buildings near the foot of Broadway and
established a glass-houso, which wa-; for some tioic
fcxtensi\cly employed in the manufacture of hollow-
ware. Subsequently this firm suspended, and the
property was bought at sheriil's sale by Prior & Lam-
bert, lu July, ]S7y, it was pureliased by Jolin t.f.-.y-
ner, who employs aliout I'orly hands in the manuiac-
ture ol glass shades and bottles.

The Salem Oil-Cloth Works.— This enterprise, one

386

HISTORY OF SAl.EM COUNTY.

of tlie most important in .Salem, was ostablishetl in
ISGS by tlieliriii of Hall, Dunn i^i Hunt, who entered
at tlmt time upon the work of makinjr floor oil-i-lotli.
Tlie works were located on IVont Street, where they
remained until May, 1S70, when Mr. .lohn H. Morris
purehajod the property on which the factories are
now locfiled.

While under the ownership and control of Messrs.
Hall, I.>u)in & Hunt the business grew to large pro-
portions, and new and extensive buiUlinfrs were :
erected. Subsequently tlic firm nndcrwoiit a change, ■
first by the retirement of Mr. Hall, leaving tlie (inn
a.s Dunn it Hunt, and finally by Mr. Dunn seliiuf: ;
his interest to Mr. Hunt, who continued the busines.s
as W. U. Hunt until his failure in December, 1577, ,
when his uncle, John H. Morris, jiurchaseil the raw
materials, and with the a-^istance of ."Mr. S. W. Dunn '.
coutinueil the oil-cloth works until the purchase of •
the property on 15roadway, near the " Keybold" lanil-
ing. where large buililin;;s were erected and the i
entire business removeil thereto. The location is
particularly fortunate with rtdercnce to all the ad- ;
vantages oflcred by river navigation, freight being .
loaded within a hundred yards of the manufactory on
vessels <ir the regular line stcanters to I'liiladelphia,
and by this means securing direct shipments to al-
most any point in the country, a matter of no little ,
iniporlancc alike to consignor anil consumer. |

Mr. Morris, with all the latest improvements in (
machinery, a largely-increased force of men, a rich i
and varied assortment of elegant designs, and abund- ■■
auce of capital, conducted the enterpri-e until his j
death, when his son, William Jlorris, the prc.-ent pro-
prietor, succeeded, and the works were ag.tin enlarged
to meet the increasing demand upon their manufac- !
turing capacity. The head of this concern is a native i
of Salem County and a man of extensive capital. He ;
gives his attention to the business, and the i)olicy of
its management has been liberal and just, the natural ;
result being that no institution in tlw city \>. regariled
with greater favor or re-pcct. Mr. Morris is ably a*-
sisted in the control of utfairs by Mr. Samuel W. 1
DuuM, who for many years was one of the owners of
the old works, lieing ihoroughly aeipi. tinted with ,
every detail of the manufacture of oil-cloth, he is well
qualified to take the immediate superintendency of
the works, and to his wise and judicious manage-
ment i~ due the success that has been attained.

This e~lablishinent covers several acres, occupied
by a larwe three-story frame jirinting building, and
another of the same size for painting purposes. There
are several other brick buildings in use, the whole
works being divided into several depart:iieiit.s, where,
with the assistance of about one luindred hands, the
manufacture of oil-clolh of all kinds is prosecuted
with sy<-feni and celerity. Kvery proocs:. in tlip manu-
facture of finished oil-cloth is done here, with the single
e\xeption of the manufacture of the raw ch.lh. The
paint, of which large quantiticij are used, is aUo ininiu-

factured s;t the works, as well as patterns and design-.
Th'' cloth in its raw state first receives a coai of pain!,
spread over with niceness and precision, when ii i<
allowed tt> thoroughly dry, and is then again pas-.-rl
through the. same process several times. It is tlicij
taken to the operating-room, where it falls under tin-
manipulation of skilled printers. The printing is
done with a scries of blocks, each representing a cdor,
whic!i must be placed on with considerable care, >oni.;
patterns reiiitiring the handling of eiglit- or niin-
blocks to complete them. It is at this point thai the
skill of the workman is thoroughly tested, .•\s any error
will damage the printing. After printing the cloth
is put through a prolonged process of drying, and at
the completion of the operation is varnished by ma-
chinery, then goes into the shipping dcpartmoiit.
This concern is the only one of the kind in South
Jerst-y, and its reputation for producing first-chi->
oil-doth is widc-siiread, reaching throughout tip-
whole country.

The Manufacture of Ice-Cream.— It is well
known throughout New Jersey that. Salem County
produces the best milk and cream to be found in ilio
market. In the midst of this wealth of dairy
products there has sprung into existence an industry
that is annually assuming greater proportions, and
already employs a large i:uniber of hands, the maiiii-
facture of ice-cream.

The oldest factory engaged in this industry is that
of John P. Bruna <fc Co., which was established in
1S')2. This firm are the manufacturers of the cele-
brated Salem County ice-cream, which now lui< a
irtanding throughout the greater part of the Stale ami
the cit> of Philadelphia.

Tlic .-enior member of the present firm, Mr. Ihuiui,
first commenced operations on a limited scale, and
for many years manufactured only to supply a local
demand. However, as the excellent quality of his
■ cream became known the demand increa.'-ed, an^l
facilities were added to meet the growing trade.
For several years Mr. Bruna was associated with
I Mr. John C. Mnlford, under the title of John P.
Ilruna »t Co., and during their continuance together
, their cream was shipped to all ])romincnt points in
South Jei-sey. Subsequently the firm was dissolved,
I and a few years later, in 1S80, the old finu-title was
renewed by the a.ssociatiou of Mr. Joshua Wadding-
ton with the business.

M the present time the factory is located in a large
Iranie building in rear of 1!)2 and 19J East Hroadway,
where the firm has facilities for the rapid manufacture
of its speciiilty. The capacity will reach fully three
' thou^.'•.)ld quarts of ice-cream per day, and during the
healed term this amount is frequently nianufiictured.
and by railro.ad and steamboat distribuleil throughout
the lower portion of the State and the river towns of
Delaware.

The firm is also extensively engaged in the miurJ-
facture of butter, having all the improved machinery

CITY OF SALEM.

3S7

•ge

ed,

)Ut

lu-
;rv

fur proiiucinjr ii vory superior quality of tliis iiriicK',
:ii>J posscsfiiiiT a (leiiiaiul for tlio full capacity of the
works. Large icc-!ioii>e.s in the vicinity of Salem arc
filled each winter, anil when the supply i.< short,
owin^ to a niihl season, large ecinsijjiiinents are
received from Maine.

In additifiii lo the large quantity of ice u>ed in the
manufacture of ice-cream and butter, the firm are
:iNo suppliers of an extensive custom for it through-
out the city.

Mr. IJruna is one of the ieadinpr citizens of .<alem,
:ind outside of the above business is well known as
the originator of enjoyable excnrsirms from S:ilrni
and vicinity that at ditfereiU times durin>; the season
visit the sea-shore. Mr. Waddiir.'ton. durinc: the
greater part of liis life, has been engaged in farming,
and his thorough knowledge of dairying and the prep-
aration of milk and cream for manufacturing pur-
poses has contributed not a little to the succes-s of the
enter|)rise with which he is identified.

Not more than twelve years ago,.). Q. Davis, whole-
sale manufacturer of ice-cream, was engaged in a small
building, inanufacturing a limited quantity for a cor-
responding limited retail trade. Xotwitlistaiiding
that another establishment was engaged in manuf.u-
laring a most e.vcellent article, and producing more
in a day than bis trade would warrant him making
in a month, he enlarged his facilities, and sought to
enter the wholesale trade by personal solicitation,
with the result that, as soon a.s the product of his
:>mall factory was tried, it was pronounced of qualitv
equaling any manufactured. This success only stim-
ulated Mr. Davis to greater exertion.s, and the next
season witnessed considerable increase in his busi-
tiess, and the enlargement of his factory was a neees-
'ily. lie then removed to desirable quarters on .Mar-
ket .Street, convenient lo the centre of the city for his
retail trade. Mr. Davis erected a large one-story fac-
tory, and fitted it with a steam-engine and all the
modern appliances for the business. The saloon was
handsomely (itted up, and a large n^tail trade was
soon .secured. Here he continued successfully, each
year bringing greatly increased demand for his ice-
'■ream, until l.SS'i, when he purchased the prc'^ent
property, at 7-"< .Market Street, about a half-square
from the former location, and rebuilt the house, made
attractive ladies' and gentlemen's saloons, and erected
a large building in the rear for manufacturing pur-
I")ses. The improvements added to il gave a pro-
ducing capacity of three thousand quarts of ice-cream
daily. The Jirst floor of the factory is devoted to ice-
cream, and the second to the manufacture of butter.
Like the former department, that of butter-making
bas all the latest improved machinery, including
•ooling-pans, churns, etc., and under tlie immediate
i-liargu of an experienced ami competent dairymiiii.
•V nuinber of hands are enijiloyed, with competent
"Uperintendcnts, and the whole establishment i^ under
tlie experienced aud practical managenient of .Mr.

Davis himself. The trade extend.^ ihrougliout South
•Jersey, including many of the leading hotels at tUe
walering-phues on the .Atlantic coast.

F. Hand & Son, carriage- and wagon-makers. — Tlie
individual inembers of this linn are Frank aiu! .Vlex-
ander Hand. The business was established by Frank
Hand more than a quarter of a century ago, and the
work turned out at thisesiablisliincnt finds ready sale.
Conches, carriages, phaetons, buggies, Jenny Liiids,
and vehicles of other styles are made. The works of
the firm occupy a considerable area at 73 and To
Fifth Street, and consist of a large three-story build-
ing, to which within a few years has been added an
extensive show-room, with upper floors in use for
general purposes. From eight to fifteen bands are
emi)loycd.

Smith & Stcpler, carriage-builders, 23U and 2;i.S
East r>roadway, are prominent among the carriage-
builders of Salem County. They employ several
hands, and m.mufacture a genera! line of carriages
and wagons, making a specially of heavy farm-wagons,
which have an extended reputation. This eiiterjirise
was established in lS-"iO by William Xicholson, who
was succeeded by Simon P.. Smith, and he by Smith A-
Stepler.

Fruit-Canning; and Pickling;.— The oldest vege-
table eannciv in .'■'alcm is tli;it eontroUod l)y Owen
L. .Jones. It was established about twenty years ago
by Patterson iV: Lloyd, who were succeeded by Pat-
terson .t .Tones. This firm continued the busines-*
until .lanuary, 1SS2, when .Mr. Patterson retire<l.
Until eight years ago the works were situated on
Church Street At that time they were removed to
their present location at the foot of Fifth Street.
Here are oeeiipiod a large four-.story brick building
eighty by seventy feet, a frame .slore-house one luui-
dred feet in length, and a large .store-house at the
wharf, the whole making an extensive and very com-
plete canning establishment. 'J'he interior of these
works is conveniently divided and arranged for the
diftereiit processes of manufiicture, aud provided with
eflieient machinery and afqiliances. This factory is
wholly devoted to the canning of tomatoes. Tlio
reputation of the tomatoes ])ankcd by this house is
high, and, notwithstanding the fact that new fac-
tories are being starteil from time to time, the de-
mand for them increases annually. The leading
brand, the "Trophy," is sought in the leading mar-
kets of America, and has found favor in Europe.
During the e:inning season nearly one million cnns
of this brand are packed, giving cinployinent to over
two huudrcil hands.

The Ma.son Pickling Company, whose business
was established and is continued under the manage-
ment of Mr. George M. A\'ard, has been in existtiuce
about eight years, and has the reputation of .sujiply-
ing a superior quality of goods. Beginning willi
small capital and limited facilities, the business grew
to such a proportion that Mr. Ward was at one linie

38S

IIISTOIIY OF SALKM COUNTY.

unable to su|>|i!y tlu' >leni:inil for the izom.Is ni:\iinr:io-
tiircJ. The work^. situated in tlie rear ot' Mr. Ward's
re.-itlence, 75 West Uroailway, bi.'low Thinl i^lrect,
were enlarged, ami tlie I'.icilitie-; lor proparatioii nwX
packing wt-r,- infro;L~od many told, lie niak'.'s a
.spciialty of supplying merchants, sliippcrs, and fam-
ilies with American chow-chow, American piccalilli,
choice family pickles, Bonleaux sauce, and other
choice preparations in the pickling line, put up in
pint and quart jars. Cucumber pickles are put up in
barrels, half-barrels, and quarter-casks, in vinegar, and
ready for table use. Wherever known the goods of
the Mason Picklinj; Company arc standard.

The Fenwick Canniug-Works of Messrs. Starr iV
Brother were established in l-^^T-l by Uiehard B. Starr
and Ceorge Mecum. In ISTo, Thomas B. Starr suc-
ceeded Mr. Meeum, and the establishment has since
been owned and managed by Starr & Brother. This
firm confine their o|.eralions to toniato-cannins; cx-
clu?ively, an<l their "Cenlennial'' brand of goods is
equal to the very best in I'le country. The proprie-
tors determined to rest theii' chances of success iu
business upon the merits of their product, which, as
introduced into various markets, at onc:e tbund favor
with dealers and consumers, and at this time the
" Ceiiteniiiul" tomati'cs arc shipped to all sections of
the Union, and the firm enjoys a line ami increasing
Euro|)ean trade. The capacity of the works is one
million two hundred thousand cans i>er season, dtiring
which from two hundrc<l and twenty-five to two hun-
dred and seveiity-five hands arc employed. The works
arc loc;ited at the foot of Broadway, near the wharf.
Hiles & Hilliard's North Bend Canning'- Works,
on West (Irillith .-"irect, oi'po.-ile rrmit, was e-tal.-
lished in ISSl.on the site of Newell A- (irier's hay-
press and hay and grain warehouse. It has a rapacity
of five hundred thousand cans per season, and during
the tomato season utlords cm|doyment to one hundred
and seventy-five hands. The " Athu" brand of toma-
toes put up by this firm already commands a steady
sale throughout the United Slates and Canada.

The Salem Packing Company, consisting of John
Lambert <V Son, be'.-^m biisine>s in ISSl. Their fac-
tory is a twostory building, one hundred and sixty
by forly-cighl feet, located northwest of Grifiith Street,
between Third and a continuation of Second, and it
has a capacity for packing one million cans per season.
About two hundred thousand cans of tomatoes and
some pears .-md peaches were put up during the
se.oKon of 1881. The product of the sra>oii of 1SS2
was about four hundred and fifty thousand cans, and
one hundred and twenty hands were employed.

Hall's Foundry. — .\hout thirty-five years ago Ben-
nett & Acton established a foundry at tlie corner of
Fourth and (Griffith Streets, doing farmers' jobbing,
aud manufacluring a limited line of agricultural
machinery. Mr. Bennett was accidentally killed
about fourteen years ago, and the business pas^jcd into
the sole ownersbii) of Mr. Acton. In ISTS, Henry

1>. Hall bought the establishineiil of Jlr. Acl'm. an.;
lias sitice done a general iron-founder's bu^ine-.
making a spccii'.'ty of plainbeis' castings, drain-,
water-, and smoke-pipe, aiu! employing at tinus :i~
many as forty hands.

The White Stone Mills.— .Among the landmark-
of 5:alem there are none more familiar to the oidu
inliabitants than the well-known White Stone Flour-
Mills, situated oil Front Street, near the I'eiin's Neck
Briilse. Built by the Salem Steam-Mill and Banking
Company, some time previous to 1826, on the site
which that coiporalioii bought, with the " Heyhold"
wharf, of David B. Smith in 1S24, it has successively
been purchased by subsequent owners, as follow.-,:
The .'salem Steam-.Mill and Manufacturing Company.
March 20, 1S20; William N. Jelleis, May 20, l.S.'.O;
Isaac Johnson, June 4, 1832; Harvey & Fetcrson.
Sept. 24, 183(> ; Minor Harvey, March 1, 18 H ; Joshua
Waddington, Feb. I'.l, 1807 ; Tlcybold Brothers, March
17, 1S.J7; Jo.?hua Waddington, Jan. 28, IStiO; John
W. Mull'ord, Dec. 22, 18G2 ; Joshua Thompson, Nov.
13, 1873 ; Lewis it Thompson, Nov. 15, 1878 ; Charles
F. Dubois, Jan. 15, 187;>; Jacob Jlounce, Sept. !,
)8S0, — the last-named purchaser being the prcscni
owner and operator.

This mill is built of stone, as its name indicates,
and is five stories high. It contains six run of stoiie>,
which are driven by a large steaiii-engiiie. Iiulepend-
ent of a large local trade, requiring two wagons to
supply it, these mills have a growing demand from
Delaware City, New Castle, Peiiii's (irove, and Chester.
which constantly la.\es its utmost capacity. Mr.
Dubois, a member of the firm, is in charge, and
his long :icqii»i:ilaiiee with milling in all its details
thoroughly tits him to produce first-class Hour, wliiiii
he is enabled to do with the aid of the ixcclleni
facilities at his command.

The Salem Fire Department. --The City Fii-
Department con--i-rs of a chief and three assistant
engineers. The chief of the deparlment is Bieliarl
T.Starr; the as-»i-iant engineers are .-VIberl Sleiiur,
Robert D. Swain, and William II. Stow. There are
three engine and hose companies and one liook-and-
laddcr company, the histories of which follow :

The Union Fire Company, No. 1.— It ajipears that
there was a fire eoiupany, having an engine in charge,
prior to 1821, and at a meeting of the young men ol
the town of Salem, Dec. 5, 1821, for the purpose of
ado|iting measure- relative to the fire-engine com-
pany, a resolution was adopted a-king the members
of that company to give U)) the coiiiiol of the engnic
to the young men who were about to e.stabli.-h ih-'
present organization. On Dec. 12, 1S21, the foUowir..'
[lersons a-isembled and organized the present com-
pany: Josiah Miller, Jr., Sinnickson Tuft, Naihai:
Smart, Antliouy Kea-bey, John Cohorn, Isaac ''-
I'eter.son, William A. Baker, Ilichaid I'. Tlio!ii|.-( i'.
Jonathan Colfee, James Hali, J:'.cob W. Muifoni.
John Black, and I'elor Black >voofl. Josi-ii; Mili'.'

CITY OF SALEM.

389

n;is clr-ctC'l jiro-'iltMit ; Riclianl P. Thoiiiixon, secre-
tary : ami I<;i;iC v.. I'etcr.-oii. tn':i*iiior. L'ottimiltoe:^
lor various i)ur|ui-es were ajipoinicJ ainl the oiiraiii-
7..itioii \v;us coinpk-teil. At a sub-t(iiieiu moi^tini:
Jrihii Coliorn, William G. ISoc.-ly, ami U. 1!. Sloii.irlitoii
were elected eiiiiiiiccrs. A comiiKiiiioiH eiigine-lioi\~c
wa? coiiiploted in January, ISi-'i, and the room in
wliicli the meotiniTS of the company were held was
civc'ii the iiameof Tnion Hall. The company applied
10 the Council and General A.ssenihly of ihe 8tate lor
an act of iiicorjioration. which wa.-i pa>-ed Dec. 7,
1825. The first mcelini; held after being incorpo-
rated was on Jan. 9, lS"Jii. when the following offi-
cers were elected: Richard P. Thompson, president ;
!l«amuel Sherron, vice-presitlent ; Jiime.^ M. Hannah,
secretary ; and Isaac Z. Peterson, treasurer. The fol-
lowing were active members at that time : Richard P.
Thomp-on, .Samuel Slierroii, l<aac /.. Peterson, Jniucs
M. Hannah, William G. litcsly, William 'f. Mulford,
Jacob W. SInllbrd, O. H. Stoughton. John Corcoran,
William A. Baker, Aaron 1,. Clemrnt. John Smart,
John I'atterson, P. Heishon. Japhet .Soinmers, Jusinh
Panllin, John P.. Tuft, Jacob KIwell, Samuel Lum-
\ mis, .lohn Yarrow, .\nthony Mai'^'cc-, Samuel Duck,
Samuel Thoiiij)Son, Jonathan Wood, Seth Smith,
Daviil !Morri«, Joseph Jacobs, Josei)li K. Urown,
Jai>ie.% Wills, William Carpenter, George Griscom,
Thomas Hond. The honorary members were B.
Wright, William Bassett, Joseph I'lick, J. Cotlee.

In 182ii a hew engine, costing three hundred ttnd
twenty-five dollars, was purchased, and the engine
lirst in u'e was sold to a comjiany at. Hancock'.s
Bridge, for one hundred and thirly dollars, during
the following year. The new engine was evidently
thought very powerful, as mention is made of throw-
ing n stream over the renj top of the spire of the
conrt-honse. The combined hose-carriage and bucket-
wagon was built in the spring of l.'iKt, .at a cost of
fifty dollars. At about the same time the company
succeeded in getting the township conmiltne to ap-
propriate them one hundred dollars lowanls defray-
ing expenses. This is the first record of any help
from the townshij), all expcnse.s being defrayed by
the money received from the members of the com-
pany in dues and fines, and voluntary contributions
from the citizens generally. On July 31, IS-JO, the
engineers were empowered to enlist boys ovt-r fifteen
years of age, not exceeding twenty in number, to
take charge of the ho-e-carriagc and buckets. In
1848 an engine was contracted for and built by
Agnew, of Phil.adelphia, at a co-t of about eiirht
hundred dollars, and some years later a small suction,
(iiginc was purchased in Baltiniore and added to the
apparatus of this company. These were, however,
repl:iccd by a fiiurth-class Silsby steamer in 1S7S, soon
after the hirge conlh^iration that ocrurred in January
that yenr. Since the introduction of the present
•ystfM! of water-works (there being sufiicient force
Irom the plug--lre;ini-, t'j dispense with the u-e of

engines^ the company has been divided into two
hose companies, the steamer being used only to immp.
out cellars. There is now thirteen hundn-d feet of
rubber hose. "Test"' brand, in good <nder (the larger
part havinj- been purchased in 1SS2), iu the possi--
sion of the company. The fine brick building whicli
they Occupy, on Broadway near Market Street, w;is
built in IxlO.

The Reliance Fire Company, Iv'o. 2.— -In ilie early
(lart of the year 1824 it was detcrruincd to jirocuic an-
other engine for the firo department, and at a meeting
of some of the inhabitants of the town of .Salem, held
about April 2iUh of that year, a committee was ap-
pointed to solicit contributions for the pureh.ase of an
engine. This committee in a short time succeeded in
collecting the sum of ^•■>72.S!>. The first regular meet-
ing of which there is record was held at the hotel of
Ward Wii-on on Jan. i!>, 1825. Mr. Hedge Thomji-
son occupied the chair, Aaron Ogden Dayton secre-
tary. James Kinsey, Ksi),, a committee appointed at
a former meeting to prepare a conslilutitm, reported
that the name of the company should be Reliance
Fire Company, and a constitution was then and there
adopted. .Vt a meeting hild Feb. 11, lfi2o, the follow-
ing ollicers were elected : James Wainwriglit, jjresi-
dent ; Thomas Sinnickson, vice-president; .\aron
Ogden Dayton, secretary ; Thomas W. Catiell, treas-
urer; Gideon Scull, Jr., Edw.ird Smith, John Sin-
nickson, Joel Filhian, engineers; Henry Dennis,
Lewis Mairs, Thoma.-> Sharp, Samuel Bas.sell, ladder-
and-hook committee; James Kinsey. Benjamin
.\rcher, JMward (4. Keasbey, Hedge Thomp.-oii, C":n-
niiltee for security of goods. These were ihc first
ofiicer.s. In the mean time the engine h.^d been pur-
chased :.tid boused iu a barn in the rear of Wilson's
Hotel, and the company seeing the nied of a house,
made application to the board of chosen freeholders
for ground upon which to build, which application
was granted and the house erected. In lS2o the
company Made aii]ilication to the Legislature of the
State for an act of incorporation, which act passeil
that body in December of that year.

In the year lS>'i4 a bell was purchased and placed
on the house. On Nov. 18, ISUO, a combined hose-
carriage and bucket-wagon was purchased. The first
hose purchased was in April, lS4-'5, when one hundred
and five feet of leather hose was procured, costing
fifty cents per foot. For some years previous to looi
the company was not in a very prosperous condition,
but early in that year a number of young men were ad-
mitted, which caused a change for the better, and on
May 7th of that year it was ordered to purchase a
new engine, and a committee appointed to solicit con-
tributions lor that purpose. Xl a meeting held May
13, 18o3, it wsus ordered to purchase aii engine costing
fourteen hundred dollars. The engine v.ius purcha-ed
at a cost of .i!|79S.S4, and it is at the present lime in
the hou.ie <»f the couijiany, alth'jugli of no aeliia! we,
owing to the water-work:; scilem of the cii>, imt is

390

HISTORY OF SALEM COUNTY.

doubtless in serviceable eoiulitioii. In lSo4 a new
etigiiie-liouse wu;. built, at a eost of .-even liuniind
tUillars, wliicli lias siuee been replaced by a brick
Imiltiirii;, three stories Jiigli, with a tower at rear, in
which hangs a bell weighinjr about twelve liiiiiilreJ
poumis. The following were the officers of the com-
pany in September, 1SS2 : A. Walton, presiilent ;
rSenjaniiii Curry, vice-president; lienjainin K. Wooil,
treasurer; Joel S. J>railway. secretary; William
Kiger, chief engineer; Jeremiah Bacon, Jr., Howard
Hcwes, James .McCatl'rey, Frank .Vhern, John Dwyrc,
engineers.

The Washington Fire Company, No. 3.— This
conip.my was orit;inaliy known as the Fenwick Fire
Corni>any, and was organized in ISOG. Tiie first presi-
dent was John IJainsey. Some time in ISSO a .special
meeting was called, when the name w:is changed to
Washiugton Fire Coinjiany by nearly a unanimous
vote of the members. Tiic tir^t engine in the possession
of the company was the old Reliance engine, which
was presented to them by the Reliance Fire Company.
TJiis was .sub-scijuently replaced by a powerful engine
purchased from the Washington Fire Company of
Wilmington, Del., al a cost of four hundred dollars.
The first engine-house was a small all'air. Tliis was
torn down in 18Sl», and replaced by a two-story brick
building, .surmounted by a ru|)ola, in which hangs a
snmll bell. The officer.- in October, ItiS:}, were as
follows: James 11. Simpkins, president; Elwood
Griseom, vice-president; T. C. G. Smith, secretary;
Thomas Glynn, treasurer ; William H. .Stow, Jacob
IJaliis, S. French lianks, trustees; William 1*. Horner,
John Horner, .\aroii Lawrence, George Lawrence,
Gcorije Ztiiscr, enpiincr.-.

The Liberty Hook-and-Laddcr Company, No. 1,
was instituted in 1^<JC, but was made a permunent or-
ganization on Feb. 19, I SOT, when the folUiwing offi-
cers Were elected: FdwarJ Calhoun, president; John
Haversiick, vice-president; George M. Diamond, sec-
retary ; Albert Steiiur, trea-u.-er; William lI.Kiger,
Charles H. Thcinpson, C. A. Julius Johnson, Willi.tm
H. Bennett, Joseph II. Bilderback, dire<-tors; Clement
H. Fogg, George Hogau, Charle-s Fox, trustees. The
following are the sueces^ivc presiding officers : Charles
Fowler, William H. Parks. John Hopkins, William
H. Parks, Henry J. Hall. William M. Pyott, George
Mowers, Richard T. Starr, George Mowers, Henry F.
Bacon, William Launcr. The officers in October,
ISSi', were William Lauiier, president; Robert
Gwynne, Jr., vieo-president ; Josepli M. Bacon, sec-
retary ; William J. Freas, recorder; Albert Steiiier,
In^asurer; James Bacon, Charles Smith, John Hop-
kins, \S'yatt Haines, Philip Launcr, directors.

The fiist apparatus of the com|;any was recei\ed
June 11,1.860. This truck (and outfit) was replaced
by a lighter one, v.liich w,",s built to order in llic
.spring of 1)>S;, costing live hundred dollars. The
brick building uow oc-upii-d by the (-ompatiy was
built in 1808.

The Salem Water-Works.— Tn isr>7 a charter «:„
obtained autlioriziu'.; liie or:ranization of a conipam
to be known as the Salem Water Company, with :■,
capital of thirty thousand dollars, with liberty In •.•-.■
create it to fifty thousand dollars, the shares to 1 •
twenty-five dollars each. It does not appear tlia:
anything of importance ever resulted from this niovi-
ment. Several later agitations of the water qucsiici-,
led to nothing practical. One notable clVort to obt:iii.
a w.'.ter-supply for Salem was made in 1S(?S. The iii--
urcs, however, iVighteued the peojile, and the water-
works question was allowed to slec]) the " sleep n:
death" for years.

In the year ISSO the question was again taken uj.
Messrs. Charles W. Casper, M. P. Giey, W. Grahai,,
Tyler, and several citizens accidcnfally met one dav,
and the conversation in some way drifted to water-
works, and the three then and there resolved to
agitate the question once more, and if possible puslj
the matter to a .successful ending. In some way tiu-
'■ waler-works fever" spread, and when the first water-
works meeting was held in the Council chamber, on
Monday evening, Aug. 23, 1880, it was well attendei
by prominent and representative citizens. DiU'ercnt
systems of water-works were discussed, and the Holly
sy.-tem was rccimi mended by an agent of the Holly
Maiuifaeturinp Comp:iny, of Lockport, N. Y., who
w.ts present. The matter was not allowed to rest
here, and those who took part in the first meeting goi
up a petition and presented it to the City Council at
its meeting held Aug. 26, 18S0.

The Council unanimously adopted a resriluiioii
authorizing the holding of an election on Se|>t. 21.
1S80, Hs to whether the city would avail itself of iIm'
act of 1S76, entitled " An Act to enable cities to stio-
ply the inhabitants thereof with pure and wholesome
water."

The result was five hundred and twenly-one fof
and one hundred and twenty-one against. Majority
for water-works, four hundred.

At the next meeting of City Council, held Friday
cvetiing, September 2-Uli, a resolution was adopted
calling for the appointment of a \Vater Committee, I"
consist of the mayor, two councilincn, and two citi-
zens, with [jower to inspect water-works of other eitio?
and ascertain what .system of water-work.s could he
most profitably used in Salem, aud re|)ort the restiU
of their examination to Council. The gentlemen
composing that committee were B. F. Wood, mayor.
Councilmen C. M. l-^-ikin and George V. Anderson.
a:id Mc.sirs. Charles W. Casper and W. Graliam
Tyler. This committee reported to the City Council
Feb. 26, If^ai, presenting an estimate of the probable
cost of constructing suitable water-works for Salein,
the sum named being .*75,1G3.90, and favoring Latirtl
Uuii, near Quinton, as a source of pupidy.

The new City Counril fir-t met March lotli, nn'i a'
that meeting it was unanimously decided to bnili!
w:'ter-v. orks, the work to commence as soon as possi-

CITY OF SALEAr.

301

l)lc. Tlip now Water Committee was also appoiiiteil,
as follows: B. F. Woml, mayor, cliairiiian ; Council-
men C. ^^. Eakin, Geori;c V. Anderson, William H.
l^awson. J. C. Beldcn, .U.. Cliarles W. Casjier, and
W. Gr.ilinm Tyler.

■J'liis committee appointed Isaac S. Cassin, of Phil-
adelphia, engineer of the works. Tlie Water Com- ,
mittec awarded the contract for buildin? water- i
works to the Holly Mannlacturin;.^ Company, of ;
Loekporl. N. Y., and the Common Council approved
their action. :

The land for reservoir, enj^ine-lioiise, etc., having
liceii secured at Laurel liun, it was surveyed July
Ilth. The first .shovelful of dirt toward the projrress ,
of the works was thrown that day. The work of
building the dam and reservoir was coiiimenced in a
short time after the survey was made. The work of
l.Hvin^' the pi|>c w.is continued through the winter,
and liie works were completed in .\pril, 1SS2. As
soon as the works were completed the mains for two
weeks were subjected to a fire-pressure of one hundred
and twenty pounds, so as to ascertain the " bad pipes."
There were comparatively few leaks. The form.il test-
iiip of the works look place on Wedue^duy, .May 21th,
in the prc-icncc of a large iinmher of people, with a
highly satisfactory result. Their capacity was I'outid
to be l,i'.3.t,080 g.illoiis per twenty-four houis.

The water-works are under the control of a Water
Committee, consistinjr of llayor C. S. Lawson and
Conncilnien IJenjamin K. Wood and Charles W. Ciis-
)ier, who have the general uiana^enicnt of all'airs con-
nected therewith. Their introduction and successful
operation was gladly hailed by all enlijrhtened and en-
terprising citizcn.s, and tiitir convenience and utility
for manufacturing luid domestic uses receive almosl
hourly reco.;nition.

Phy.sicians. — The following, among other phy-
sicians, have practiced in Salera since 1800:
A. U. Lippincotl.

I Slclcr.
n .Mitor.

T. K..««ii.
]Wiij»iiiin Arclifr
Tliamas IJ<?asl<?.v.
K. g. K.«.l.e.v.
Julii, U. Tuft.
T. Wn-o.

Illlcbcock.

C. Ilalil.ah.
>{. Oiblion.
A-:< Snillh.
Arfiisrroiif^.

J. II. Tliu:u|'^n.
T. rattiT..iri.
I. rrcMi.n.
■«•, Wll..y.
riKDk lilMerLack.
Vi. F. Slitli.
C. Shcrrun.
C. G. Ablwtt.

Jack -on.

B. A. W.aildlngi'.ii.
A. r. liKkrtl.

Attorneys. — Prominent among lawyers who have
from time to time lived in Salem may be meulioned :

AaiDii Og'len Da>-l"n.
Wll|i„i,i X. JolTurt.
Alplionao (.. Knkln.
llii-har'l P. Thouiinun.
r. L. McCuirocli.
nicl.anlS FlolJ.
Jaine-i M. Ilanuali.
Ilfiiiy T. Elicit.
Wiiliani S. Claw-oii.
Aii.lrtwtiiiiilck-on.
Antlioiiy Kifuflliry.

SatiiiiM A. Ar.<'D.
I^Tiic Sinnlck>r>n.
Allen }1c.NuM>.
KdnBp! V.iii .M«lcr.
CTemeia II. ^'innlcksoii.
WlMiitn T. Illlliard.
M. r. Grey.
GeoTiit Irigliain.
CljailoMecum.
1.0. Arl...!.
Morrla II. Straltoii.

ilKUGIors HISTORY.

Friends' Societies. — .\s in everytliinc: elic,
Friends, or ("Juakers, look precedence in the iustilu-
tion of religious services and oliservaiuos in Fen-
wick's cohmy. At the house of Samuel Nicholson,
on West Droadw.ay, in liJ7l>, the first religious organ-
ization in t-alem Tenth was ctrected. The following
is the record of thi.s important event :

■■ Al anio-liiig bell laet ila> of (lit; liflli monlh, ll.Ti;, it whs uiiani-
mau>l.v riin«iJt.'rr<l Hint llio I'li-^l scculid Jay of tli<< ucrk in tli<< otii
niolitli, Ih.^t FricliJs do oieel iii the town of Xew ^alelll, in FiMlwick'a
Colony, and all Friends therotii.t.*, do inontlily nieel togrlher, to con-
sldiT of outwai>l clrcuuiBlnnce>{ and liusiucsit. And if oudi that has
been v.mvinced, and walked disorderly, that lliey niny Im In nil gravtt.v
aud upiitrblnesi to GoJ, .ind in tvndcrneHj of spirit and love to tlioir
sonlit, lie admoni'tlied, exiiort-d, and n]:kt reproved, and tlieir c-vil deeds
and prHCtlees testified Rgitin.^t in the wUdom of Cod,Bjid In the antliority
of trnlli, tlint nmy ancwer the witnee.-: of Go^l williin tbent. (Signed^

'•Samuix XicnoiiSoN. " It!'"n.\iin Gi'v.

'• I!"iii RT 1,AN». "Isaac Smai:t.

" r.oHiiir Wapi:. "John Fknwick.

" KnwARD \Vai»i-. "RicfiARD Johnson.

" And .. there."

June 2, 167S, Bichard Guy, Julward HnuhMiy,
Isaac i^niart, and Pidward Wade were appointed
n committee to select a place for a mceting-houso
and burying-ground. They were unsuccessful, and
at a meeting Jan. 5, 1079, Edward Wade, James
Nevill, John Maddox, and George Deacon were rt|>-
poiiited to treat with i^amuel Nicholson and \Villiam
Penlon for their houses and plantations in Salem, and
also "to see Ann Salter, widow of Henry Salter,
about her lot of ground." At a meeting held in Feb-
ruary, 1679, George Deacon, John Maddo.x, and
Henry Jennings were appointed to take a view of
lOdward liradway's house, and determine whether in
their judgment it was suitable for a mccting-house.
A minute was made at that time fi.\ing upon the First
and Fourth Days of the week for religious worship, the
meetings to be held alloiriately at Samuel Nicholson's.
1 Robert Znne's, and Kichard Giiy'.s. In December,
I lOSO, there was another conuniKte appointed to cn-
I deavor to purchase a lot of ground of JCdwni d Cliamp-
, ney, on w hich to build a iiiccting-hou.,f, and for use
■ I as a burying-ground. A suitable lot could not be
] procvired, and in Augii'-t, li)j>l, Saniiul Nicholson
I and his wife, Ann, deeded the whole of their si.xlcen-
I acre town lot, on West Broadway, "for the use and
> benefit of Salem Monthly Meeting forever, for a
I meeting-house and graveyard and other purposes."
I As soon as the deed for the above-mentioned prop-
erty was given to the society, John Thompson, of lOl-
sinboro, aud llobert /aiie, of Salem, were apjioiiited
j to repair the houne and fit it for occupancy by the
I society. About a year later the same persons were
' Rj>pointed to enlarge the meeting-house by adding
i Bi.xteon feet to its length and making it higher and
I more commodious and convenient. 3"'or some reason
this was not accomidished until IGS-S, at which time
Be:ijaniiu Acton was apjiointcd to build the addition.
There was a propoiition to have the floors of the
house made of boards, but that mea.-.ure laihd, and

3112 IIISTOIIY OF ?AL1:M COL'NTV.

P'cb. 27, lt;#7, Honjaiiiiii Acton aii.l Tlioinas WihkI Mimtlily Micaii^ and t\vo iiievtiiii:^ for wtirsliip, aii.l
were iippiiiiitcil lo have tlio v:\iirc liiiiiil:n_- l!o-.rtd :\ incinliersliip o:" ;:("iy-!liri'i.'. :iiui I'lo lli'-lcsito rritii'i-
wilh olay, and lo li.ive it rc:uiy Tur m-cui-aiuy bi iTf li;ive two Moiilhly Meetings ninl tour ii!.:o!iiii;> t'..r
the Yi-arly Meilinir -liuul.l couvo!).'. . Tliij li....>c »:i< uor-!iip, and ji iiicml.cisliiii ot" luo huiaircil. rri.n.K
in li>c uutil 1700, \v!i.-i! n i.rii-k ^trJCturo wa> l.tii'.t cast early o-taMi-I.od scliool-i in Saioin. and two aro n.>\v
of tlic oak-lroe in the i>re.-<.'nt graveyard. The meet- niaiiitaiiiod by the Uick^i•e l>raiK-li at the coriur ..;"
ing incre:'.^e^l in nlImler^ so nuieh that thi< hoii^e I"a>r Dro.idway ;iiid Walnut Street,
was not large enot!-li to aeeomni. .. late llo.in. and in St. John's Episcopal.— lu the number of th.,.-e

1770 members of i;i!ein Montiily .Meetiii- bo-j-ht a «ho aeeoinpaiiied John Fonwiek to Aiiieriea, or k\u>
lot on f:a<t Broadway of Tlu>!n;U5 Hancock and Hob- afterward-t joined liim and lieli'cd to establish hi>
ert Jolm-oi), and crccieil thereon the conunodiou.s colony at 5-'alem, it is liijhly i>rohable there were
buildini; now llie liou<o of wor-iii|i of the llicksitc .-onie members of the Church of F:n;;land, althou.di
friends, which wa^ coiuplcicd in 1772. ■ most of his companions were of the same religi'.uis

The first Yearly Meclinu' was held at Salem, Ai-ril belief as himself, Quakers, or Friends. In answer
Id, 1CS4, and included the Friend* of lladdonCeld to an a;>|<eal to the .-rociety for the Pro|iaL'atioii of the
and I'.uriin^'toii. It was held at Salem and iinrling- (iospel in Foreign Part^. the Kev. John Huibrouk
ton alternately, and «as known as the Half- Yearly was sent here a- early as 1722. There is rea^^on for
MectinL'. It was continued «ome years. At u Yearly tiie belief that some effort to organize a iiarish was
Meetin- hold at Salem in \C\>i, GeurL'e Keith np- made as early as 1714, but with what success cannot
pcarcd with his friends, .and laid before the meeting now be ascertaineil. The early record.* of the church
their proi-osals for the. settlement of the di;ierences are sui'i>osed to have been lost or destroyed (hirin:j; llie
among liicm. These were in tlu,- form of several Revolutionary war, when the building was occu]. led by
propositions covering the points at i-jue, and discuss- British troops, and there is now no cxi-iing li-l of the
ing the reasons f..r their adoption, whicii led to much ■ names .ind number* of the original mendjois. It is
Lnn;rovel■^y, ami iiiLii;.. lo the .-ei......i:v.. ..f i.iM.y ' known, however, tlv.t n-..iijamin \'ini-ig,Josei.h Cole-

members from the society. Tiic Fiiends who adhered man, OeorgeTrenchard, John llolfe, Ale.xanderfJrant,
to Keith v.ere influential in the society, and after the ' JamesSiicrron, and the Dunlaf. family wereamonglhe
return of Keith to F.ngland became me::ib.:rsof the ; first .F.piscopalian.s. An organization having been el'-
Uapti-t Church. Andrew Griacom became recoDciled ; fecteJ and tiie proper parish ofiiccrs chosen, it is lo be
with his former friends, and died a member of the , supposed'th.at the nanieof-St. John's" was at tliesame
society, and many of hi.- descendants have been active \ time selected as the dc^igualion of the infant church,
and useful members thireof. I as that would bo in accordance witii Fpi.-copal u*age.

In 1S27, a* is well known, the Society of Fricods ■ There is n vajue tradition that tlie first building was
divided into two gr.-at p.-.rt,, each claiming to hold of wood (perhaps of logsi, but after the arrival of
the ancient doctrines of the sect. Doth parties claim Mr. Holbrook measures were taken for the erection
the venerable name of " Frieuds," but they bear , of a brick church, which was accordingly built upon
titles they gave to each other. The relative strength : the spot occupied by the iiresent church. It was sit-
of the two [larties before and al"ter the separation is uatcd upon the e.ist =ide of .Market Street (then called
thus set forth upon " llicksitc'' authority : I Bridge Street), upon a lot containing about one acre

-S..m.iu.mr!,M...-i,.c.i..rr-n,o^.,i..l..n.».«c.r.pc.^offt«! "I" ground, couveycd by Samuel lIe.lgo-"in con-
MooiiiiT M, ■•tins,, till iii-eiiii,-i f>r »or-!iii., ivii nifmur.. Sniiiu ; sider.uion of the love which ho bears to the Church
Quarterly s;-.^ting of rri«n.la,>ii.co ihr divi,!-.:), i« comi-j-l of roar • of Enjriand 33 established bv law"— to Reii.iamin
Mouibiy M.-ti-s-. .... ......M,,., r.r ,cor,..:i ,,.,.1 ii.> r..,...,c.-. ; unJ , y . j j .^^ Colcman, wardens, " for the .o!e

wor.liip, ac 1 m ia'i.iV.T.." j Use an<l behoof of the members of the C liurch ol t-ng-

_.,',,. . . ... . ■ I land, of the church of Salem." This deed is dated

Ihc following statement, covering the same period, ■^,'. , ,, ..,.

. .• .</^ i_ 1 .. I Feb. ..,172,-25. and the original IS now in possesMon

IS from an Onhodo.x source: , . ,,.,,.

I of the vestrv of St. John s.
-S.leDi Q..:,rt,rlr M.r:i„j, i....r..r. .!.» .liribn, Lvi f.v. Mo.iM,- : j^^^ cliurchvar.l was further enlarged in lS-17 by

th.»tw.-i--n. Ir.c-J, L.J.l f.,ur m«!i,.s, f.r wor,i.ip -nd .i:r« i the gift from Col. Ilobcrt G. Johnson and wile ol a

Montbl)' Mmi:.7>, enit.rad»z4'>4 liit;::iU-r9. Tb« llickjltc. hare llii : piece of ground containing about thc si.Kth of 311
mpiubers, uiiJ l...ia file Mi..uil.ly M«tiii,-s" I jj,..p

The Hick-site branch retained and .■^lill occupy the ! Thc original building was a parallelogram, iwunty-
oM house of worship. Tlie Orthodo.v I'riends wor- ; eight by thirty-eight feet. In lol 2. at the revival of the
shiped f.jr some years in a school-hou=s on Walnut ■ pari.-h, which had been in desi^laiion since thc i:'-vo-
Street. In 1>';.> they bought tlieir i>rcsent property ' Intioti, a considerable addition was made to it. and it
on Wi.*t Broadway, and in 1837 built their pre-ent | so remained until it was succ-edtd by the prcvnt
brick hou:;'; of worihij) thereon. Both .vjcicties con- : structure. It is well romci'ibcr.?d by many of thi-
tinued ll:c us..- of the oM gr.ivey;.."-.!. . I generation, and nu-.ny hall'jwc.l niCi;io:ie- ciu-tor

At this time the Orthodox Fciend-. have one • around it.

CITY OF ^ALICM.

39.^

In ISS'i, ihiriniT llie ineuinbonoy of ihe Ivcv. Dr.
M:i-:on, the cnriiorstoiio of the fxisiiii<r clnirdi t^iificc
■\A* hiicl. willi l!ie usiini ceremonios, liy IJisliop Doane.
riic architect was William ^^:^i^■khln^l, of riiihulcl-
jihia. It was riiii>hfil and eonsceratod in JS3S. At
liiat lime the Hev. Edward O. Trcseott wa-; roetor;
Thomas PiiMiicksi>n and Daniel Garrison, wardens;
llichard P. Thompson, Jacob W. Mulford, James M.
Hannah, Dr. Itenjamin Archer, .Joseph Killo, Dr.
Thomas Rowan, C<d. J<din f^innickson, David Ij.
Smith, and Oliver B. Stouslilon, ve-stryinen. In
1>^S0 it was enlar^od and gre;itly improved l>y the ad-
dition of a recess chancel, an (irean-chaintH-r and
roiiin^rooni, a heantiful memorial chancel-window,
and otlicr diancres, which liave made it one of the
most attractive clinrches in West Jersey. The archi-
tect was Gcorjre W. Hewitt, of I'liiladdphia.

'J'lic f(dlowiii^ list comprises tlie names of the minis-
ters who have had charge of the ciinrch frnm tlio or-
^•uni/ation of the parish nnlil the present time. The
li^t is probably incomplete, but it is believed to bo as
correct as it is now pos.sible to make it. In tlie pro-
ceedings of the Society for tlie I'ropagralion of the
(;o^pel in Foreijrn Parts for tlic year 1722 it is stated
that the societj had jiaid ten ponnds each to Messrs.
Ilesselins and Lidcniiis, Swedish mis.siouaric.s in
charge of Peon's >»cck and Kaccoon (a.s Swedcs-
boro was then called), for occasional services in
Salem. These services were doubtless rendered pre-
vious to Ihe appointment of the Hev. John Holhrook,
who was sent as tlie society's mi-sionary in 1722, and
.so continue<l until 17.31. Whether he died or removed
is not known. He was succeeded, in 1735, by the
Uev. John Piersun, who had charge of the parish
until his death, in 1747. Tlis ren)ain<, to.r'ilicr with
liiosc of liis v.ifc and diild. lie in the duirdiyard.
.\fter Mr. Pierson's death, and some lime between
I'ebrnary, 17-IS, and Kebruary, 1749, the Kev. Jir.
Thompson was appointed missionary at Salem, but
in the following; year removed to 1,'he.stcr, in Pcnll^yl-
vaoia, where tlie society thought he could be more
u-eful. .Vftcr his departure the Pev. Eric Unandcr,
Swedish mis-itiiiary in charge of l{a(!Coon and Pcnn's
.Neck, ])rca'licd occasionally in Salem, but alter about
ilie year 17.'>0 the church does nv>t appear to have had
'he regular ministrations of a clergyman until 1774-
"•'), when the Hev. James Barker ofhciated for six
months very acceptably, as is stated by the wanlens,
Grant Gibbon and Thomas .Siunickson. From thi.s
lime until 1792, so far as is known, St. John's was
v-ilhout a iia.s'.or. Tl)e events of the Jvevolutifin had
"I parated the colonics from the mothei -country, and
•■'lie of the consequences of the establishment of our
inde|)endence was the wiilidrawal of tlie aid which
hacl been so generously extended to the siru'.-gling
cnuiche* of America by the Society for the Propaga-
tion of Ihe Go.j'el in Foreign Parts. "To the nursing
care and protection'' of that venerable sf>ciety during
'he first eighty-four years of its exi.-'lencc most of the

Pro;e-!aiit ICpiscopal Cliurchcs in America were in-
debted for their very existence. In 1702 and ';);> t!ie
Pev. John Grey was tiie minister in charge of St.
John's, Sa!eii!,and St. George's, Penn's Nock, which,
like all the diurehcs established by the Swedes, had
at that time i'Ccii incorporated with the Episcopal
Church.

There is anotlier blank in tlie history of tlie parish
from 1793 until about 1S12, when, as before stated,
the diurch was "enlarged and repaired in a neat and
decorous style." It is reasonable to suppose that this
was done in conseiiucnce of an increase of the con-
gregation, and a renewal of the zeal and activity of
the parish. Indeed, this is expressly stated to have
been the cjwc in a report made to the Convention in
1S13 by the missionary then in charge, but whose
name has not been ascertained. In April, lSl-1, the
Kev. Daniel Higbee, formerly of Si. Andrew's, Mount
Holly, wa-s dio>en by the wardens and vestry to take
charge of St. John's, in connection with St. George's,
Peun's Neck. He olliciate<l accordingly once a fort-
night until l!?l?, when the church again became
vacant. In 1820 the Kev. Kiehard V. Cadle was
elected to the pastorate, and from that lime there has
been a regular succession of ministers. In 1S24, Mr.
Cadle was succeeded by the Kev. Charles Smith, and
he in 1S2-5 by the Kev. Chri^'.ian F. Cruse, wlm was
followed in l,i21> by the Kev. Heniy M. Mason, D.D.
From 1R.{7 to \!>ii the Itcv. Edward G. Prcscott was
rector; after )iim, until ISIS, the Kev. William B.
Otis; until Ityoi, the Rev. John S. Kidney, D.D.;
from 1853 until 1$J7, the Kev. Andrew B. Patterson,
D.D. ; from 1^.'>7 to l(-t;7, the Kev. Thomas F. Bil-
lopp; from 1S07 to 1S71, Kev. William A. Holbr.iok ;
from 1871 to 1SS2, Kev. George W. Timlow, D.D.
Tiie Kev. Charles .M. Perkins is the present rector.
The members of the corporation at this time arc,
besides the rector, Dr. J. U. Tliompson and J. How-
ard Sinnickson, wardens; Andrew Sinnickson, Do
Witt Clinton Clement, George A. Rumsey, George
Meciiu, John P. Bruna, W.Graham Tyler, Samuel
Scott, and .Martin P. Grey^ vc.-.trymeii.

First Baptist.— Some time in KiS-i, Rev. Elias
Keadi, pallor of the Baptist Church at Pennyp.ick,
Pa., visited this part of West Jersey, i>reaclie 1 at
Salem, Penn's Xeck, and Cohansey, and found a
number of Baptists there.

About 10SI2, John Holme .-elllcd on Alloways
C'lecfc, a few miles from Salem. Tlie same year Kev.
Thomas Killingsworth moved into the immediate
vicinity of Salem. ObaJiah Holmes had moved iiito
the C'ohaii^cy country in 1085. These three were all
men of sterling worth and of commanding position
in the community, and earnest, working Christians.
They gave a happy moulding iniluence, and contrib-
uted no little character and efficiency to the Baptists
of West Jersey in their early history.

After the coming of Mr. John Holme and Kev.
Thom.is Killingsworth .'rervices were held r|uite regu-

394

IIISTOUY OF SALEM COUNTY.

luily at tlicir liou-ics. There were also yearly meet-
in':!: held 'liiriii!: i>art of ihis time. '" The usual way
•if kiepin^ them was two days at the house of Mr.
Killingsworlh and one day at the liouse of Mr.
Holme." Scrvici-s were continued somewhat in iliis
way till the death of Mr. Killiiiirsworth, which ue-
rurred in 17u9. Some lime after liis death rejiilar
services were discontinued for a considerable time.
" After .some time Hev. Timothv Crooks, then pastor I
of the Coliaiisey Cliurch, kept meeting among them
somewhat regularly till his death in 1716." As they
were slill without a tneeting-house, tlinsc services
were held at |>rivatc houses. Samuel Kossr, Daniel
Smith, Edward Quinliu, and others freely opened
their houses for this purpo.sc. After the death of Mr. '
Brooks it does not appear that there was regular .
jireaching by any Haptist minister for about twenty
years. " During this time most of the old members :
died oir, but others were convcrtrd and united with
the Cohanscy Church. These, with tliose favorably
dispo.sed to Baptists, continued to travel to Cohansey
to ujeeting until about 1741,. when a few more mem-
bers were added to the Cohansey Church from the
vicinity of Alloways Creek and Salem, who, being '
desirous to liave gospel preaching sometimes, did ;
prevail with Mr. Nathaniel Jenkins, then the pastor
at Coliaiisey, to conic to them occasionally and assist
thcni."

Mr. Abram Garrison, Mr. Robert Kelscy, and Mr.
Job Shcppard, of Cohansey, after .some private trial
by the church were admitted to the ministry, and
they, especially Mr. Garrison, visited the Baptists here. '

And now, as meetings were more frequent, Ihe com-
mon hearers likewise increased, so that some conve-
nient place for meetings was thought necessary, where- '
upon a ]iroposal was made among them for building
a meeting-house. A <|Uprterof an acre of land wa.s
given for that use by Mr. Daniel Smith, between
Salem and Alloways Creek, at a place palled .\Iill
Hollow, and a ineeting-iiousc was built thereon in
17-13. Mr. Sheppard alone for some three years held
monthly services here. In December, 1748. by the
urgent nquc-t of the brethren about Salem and Allo-
ways Creek, -Mr. Sheppard ulo^•cd his family from
Coliaiisey to Alloways Creek, and from that lime, I'or
the space of nearly .six years, meetings were ke[it
every week except when providentially hindered.

Not long afterward the question of separating from
the Colian-ey Church and organizing a church at
Mill Hollow came up for serious consideration.
Finally the brethren at Cohansey were addressed on
tlic subjetl and gave their assent, and on the I7th day
of May, 17-">5, a church was organized tliere.

The following were the nineteen constituent mem-
bers, and their names are found signed to the cliurch
covenant: i

Quliit..M.

.MiiRTSiiiis.
J^irili Sini:-.
.U.lin lloliiu>.
Iianii-l S:iii:li.
$rlh Sinitti.

^llttlK^l Sllll!^.

J.'iH.ll SliMlln

Johu Vlilttat.
Sarah Suiiih.
rim^l* Smilli.
Rachel Suralbi'n.
I'adeiice Jniued.
Korfii-!iH]ii'-.ich llUok«i.

Jol. .«!

• l.t-nnl.

Tcinponince

Culhii

in- ^h"i-j"»r't.

K'l«i.i.| Kt„

K.Iw.r

(2 ^uinloii.

I'tiuleiic- K

Kev. Job .Sheppard was their first pustor, and imii-
tinued in the pastorate until his death, March 2, 17o7.
The second pastor was Rev. John Sutton. He caim-
in 17131, and remained only a few months. Rev. John
Bl.ackwell, the third pastor, came in 176:^. and did not
stay more than six months. In February, 17i"iS, Rev.
.\bol Gritlitli became tlie fourth pastor, and remuinc'i
until some time in 1775. His pastorate was followed
by an interval of almost nine years before auotlur
pastor was chosen. Patterson Vanhorn, the filili
pastor, began his duties in March, 17.S4, and closed
them at his death, Sept. 10, 1789. The .sixth pastor,
Rev. I>aac Skillman. came Sept. 18, 1700, and re-
mained during the balance of Ins life. He died Jiuie.s,
1 70;). Two years later, Uev. Horatio tJates Jones began
his labors in Salem as the seventh piustor. During
the interval of p.astorates Rev. David Cooper and
Rev. Mr. Jarman successively ^upplied the pulpit.
Mr. Jones left in ISiW on account of ill heaUh. After
his resignation the church was without a pastor nearly
five months, during which the pulpit wns filled fur :;
time by Revs. David Cooper and Obadiah B. liiown.
The eighth jiastor. Rev. Thomas Brown, was ordained
at Salem, Feb. 1-0, ISOC. In 1808 he accepteil a call
elsewhere. In eight months after Mr. Brown Inl'i
Salem, during w-hicli lime the church de]iendcd uii'Hi
transient supplies. Rev. Joseph Sheppard, the nintli
pastor, was called to the pastorate (jMarcli 28, ISoOi.
and was ordained A|iril 20th following. He coirtiiiued
the pastorate till April 1. IKiU. T!ie tenth, ii.istor,
Rev. Charles J. Hopkins, served the church from May.
1829, to April 1, 1830. Rev. Thomas Wilks, 'he
eleventh i»astor, served from July 1, 1835, to Marcl.
1, 183G; Uev. Samuel Nightingale, ihe twelfth pastor,
from JIarch 2-5, 1830, to Sept. 2-j, 1837 ; the thir-
teenth ]ia?tor. Rev. Samuel Smith, from Jan. 20, 183*.
to Nov. 20, 1841 ; Rev. Silas C. James, tlic fourtoentli
pastor, from Jan. 1, 1842, to March 25, 1844; the lit-
teenth pastor. Rev. John W. Gibbs, from .-Vpril ri'i.
1844, to April 1, 1847 ; Rev. James Smitl.er, the si.\-
tecnth pastor, from April 1, 1847, to March 17, 1^1:'-
Rev. Robert F. Young, the seventeenth pastor, coni
ineneed his labors Oct. 1, 1849, and remained till Oi.i.
1, 1854. Aaron J'erkins, D.I)., the eiglileenth [.ast-n.
was installed Feb. 1, 1855, and remained till July 1.
1859. The niiK-tecnth pastor. Rev. John R. Miirpliy.
entered upon the jiastorate Oct. 1, 1859. He was suc-
ceeded by the twentieth pastor, Rev. Dr. San ford, wli"
began his labors Feb. 10, 1-872, and died Oct. 31, 187-*-
Ri?v. C. E. Cordo was called, and became the twenty-
first pastor, .\pril 4, 1875, and resigned Oct. It, 187(.
Rev. J. B. EngIi^h, the twenty-second pastor, bi ^an
hi.-i labor- Feb. 24, 1878, and remained till Ocl. 1^!

CITV OF t^.VLKM.

395

]^7'J. Kov. H. A. Grioscinor. the twenty-tliiiil ami
^•resent putitor. was c;illc<l Jan. 1'.', ISSl.

The Sabbatli-scliool coiiiieoti-il «irh the cliurcU was
lommenceJ ahnut ISI!', smd has jronerally been well
su.-itaiiicii, and ha- proved an ini|>(>rtaiit aid in the
work of evanjrcli/ntion. There was a Union school
some years belHre 181!', in whieh members of the
chnrch were active workers. In ISoO an infant class
was organized, thus securins: the earlier attendance
of the children on Sabbalh-scliool instructions. There •
have also been various au.\iliary organizations at dif-
ferent times in the history of the church. '

July 4, 1S60, letters were granted to seventy-two !
members of this church, of whom thirty-live were ,
males, for the purpose of oriraiiizing another church. '
Sub-equently these brethren were reco^.nized as the ■
Memorial Haptist Church, and a« such their organiza-
tion hits since been known. 1

The church and coiifrrc^'aiioM mot June IT, 17?fi. at
the mectinj.'-honse at Mill Hollow, and rc-olved to
become incorporated utider this general law , and duly
elected as trustees Thomas .Sayer, John liolnic, Hen- ,
janiin Holme, Anthony Kcasbcy.f-nmuel Vauce, John ;
Bripgs, and Howell Smith. July 3, ITStJ, lhe.sc trus-
teed were sworn into ofTiee, formally effecting the in- :
corporation, umJer the name of the '" Trustees of the |
Anti-lV-do Rapt is) Society meeting in the town of i
Salem." This remained the corporate name until |
1S60, when, by an act of the Legislature, it was .
changed to " First Haplist Church (if Salem."

The. building of the second liouse of worship was
probably begun io 17S(). It was probably (irst occu-
pied .=;o!ne time during KSi'. Previously the church ,
purchased a par^ouage projierty.

The tpinpora'ities of the church were thus reported
in 171)11: '• 1. The chief is a plantation of one hun-
dred acres with a good house and out-buildings on it,
valued at twenty-five pounds j(er year. 2. A tene-
ment on th*! meeting-house lot, now let for twelve
pounds, a. The old niceling-hou'e nnil lot near t^uin-
ton's Bridge."

After several efforts to retain the property and can- '
eel the debt on the .-econd mecliiiir-house. the |iar.-on-
agc was sold between 1791 ruid 17'.iO. The edilico on
Vorkc Street w.is a substantial brick house, with gal-
leries on three sides. It was occupied by this church
until 1S4G, and afterwards as a place of worship by
the Second Itaptisl Church. In lSo4 it was sold and
torn down. The two lots first purcha-ed on Yorke
Street measured about tv.o acres. A i>urchase in
17!i4 added over an acre to these grounds.

'J'hc town of Salem grew uj) nearer the creek than
was anticipated when the second meeting-house was
built, and thus in process of lime that liouse was left
'l"ite in the suburbs of the present city.

October 20th the trnslces were directed to lake a
deed of the bit upon which the third mreting-house |
•low stands, and a committee of twenty was appointed •
lo solicit funds for building the house. March IG,

1S44. the building committee was appointed, and the
work on the house was duly ronuuenced. The house
was dedicated Pec. 12, 1S40, and thencefort!; was the
appointed place of the meetings of the church. Tims,
afier occupying their second house of worship about
fifty-six years, and alter nearly live years' considera-
tion and labor in reference to another house, the
church is found in their third ami present meeting-
house. This house, located on I'roadway, in the very
centre of the eicy, on a lot one hundred by three hun-
dred feet, is a substantial brick >-trjctnrc, seventy-five
by fifty feet, with pulpit recess and front portico. It
is surmounted by a tower, containing bell and clock.
In 18S1 this building was imiirovcd at a cost of four
thousand dollars, and a chapel was built in the tear
at an expense of six thousand dollars.

The present member.sliip of this church is about
five hundred and liventy-five. The Sunday-school
has fifty-three officers and teachers and about two
hundred and sixty-five scholars. Its library contains
four hundred and sixty-one v(dumes. The supeiin-
tcndeut is K. F. Hoon.

Memorial Baptist. — This clmrcii \v:is organized
July 7, ISG!', with the following constilueiil meiiibers,
seventy-two in number, dismissed from the First R'lp-
tist Church of Salem :

TlioiuiU 11. Sl)V .
KliMlKili .<:..».
Sliirv Stu%v.
Epiiiaiui J. LIu.vd.
Eliul'Otli LU'.k<l.
Tbmi.n JI. l.l^vd.
^laigaictu L. Lloyd.
J**** F. U.-Jin.-.
EllM llo<;il...
Ctuor^o W. IU>rtine.
Dmrlrt C. Pi<TC.-.
KIlouT. ricro».
H.ibcr* 1". V. PliTir.
Smilli Pildcitxick.
Itiirhcl Slaiiser.
Ml.. L. Ii.0011.
.Mi«i L. r.jcou.
Jostph M. C.icoii.
Ili-nry F. lijcoD.
W. IJ. B«l:iligrr.
Ilnrrirl B.illiriKer.
Williura R Frijs.
iMiac K. nmlcr.
>l»egl« C. DiiU.'t.
Mnrlbn Ull'jTlwrfc.
Iticlinrd G. suclcli.
K1l«li r. Strclcli.
Jaoli lliKl'i-r.
hiniiKi Uncber
Alltrl L. no...inaii.
.^ntia W. rioultinn.
Thanut' ?. Walker.
Sarab S. Walk«r.
Ann WalV.fr.
i;iiiuiaJ. W.nlkor.
S. W. Il.-.ck-il.

Klivj\lK-lti Cj'pfr,
h. R. Ticeii.
Thou.i.k nmlei.
Msry Bullrr.
Riution .1. Froiip.
>lnO' K. Frciu).
.s.i;-ah A. Fr.«8.
Kdiuunl Smith.
Charles C-)m.»cII-.r.
!^.lIDtlc1 llai>rrDiiiyi-r.
Zili'tiii IlHUrniayrr.
Anu:i n.'M Cixpir.
AitriB \V. Trecn.
Jubn Q Iiavls.
Jvtiilniu Diivlb.
Kullinnicl .Mr.Voil.
Mointio I.;. P.. .-is.
AiinoC. P;.vi-.
Antin A. L>i\vir<.

.1. Kr

Johu S. Bncou.
Sarah C. Jiacn.
John S. .McCiiiii:.
Mary A, McCunc.
.<lb«rt Stelnur.
Juhn n. Sl.iiiEir.
KlizaJ. M. Halwini
SaDuii-l Arinstroli^'.
Ualtnah Ailii&lruli^
Jaiio Mulford.
Ilacli.l pjimni^e.
Josfi'li Criflcy.
Abl);ail Gritt'ey.
EnuchC. MiilfjnI.
Manila S. Muir.jrJ.
Lydia McNeil.

The corner-stone of the church on East liroadway
was laid Aug. K, 1S70. The leclure-room was dedi-
cated Jan. 1, 1S7I, and the audience-room upon the
completion m' the house of worship nil long ai'ier-

39G

HISTORY OF SALK.M COUNTY.

ward. This building is of brick, and con two tliou-
snnd lliroc Iimidrcd dollars. It was repaired in ISSl
at an expense of two tlionsaml two hundred dollars.
Previiiu.s to its coraplction and oi)ening meetings
were held in the coiirt-!iou?c.

The pa-itond roll of this ohnrcli is as follows: First
preacher. Rev. R. F. Young; first minister, Rev. IT.
H. Rhces, called Aug. 22, lSf>9, succeeded by Rev. II.
G. Mason. July 3, 1S70; Rev. A. C. Williams, March
12, 1S76; Rev. C. W. Ray, Feb. 23, ISTO; Rev. C. E.
Cordo, Dec. 12, l.SSO, serving at present.

The first Sunday-school superintendent was Mr. C.
C. Pierce. The scholars now numlnTone hundred and
sixty tight, and the library contains four hundred and
twcnty-fonr volume-.

First Presbyterian.— In 131 2, St. .Ti.hn's Ejdscopal
Church in Salem, which had fallen into ruins, having
become a burrow for rabbits and a resting-place for
swallows, was repaired, and from 1.S12 to 1S20, Pres-
byterian ministers preached as occasion otlered, iind
Episcopalians and Presbyterians worshiped together.
In 1S20 the Presbyterians were excluded. They
therefore withdrew and held religious meetings for a
time in the academy building and in the court-house.
At the suggestion of <~'nl. .lohnson, preparations were
at once made to organize a Presbyterian Church and
erect a building for its worship.

Col. Johnson and ibtse genllenieu entered with cn-
tliusiasni into the enterprise of establi-hing a Pre-by-
terian Church in Salem. Their energy and liberality
were showu in the fact that four hundred dollars were
collected in one day, — a large sum for the times and
for the few who were interested, — ami in the further
fact that the corner-stone of the new building was laid
March 6, 1S21, ainl the building itself was completed
and opened with relijions services July Hth of the
same year. This building was of bricV, thirty by
fifty feet, with a gallery across the northern end. It
was located on what is now Grant Street, and on the
southern side of the Presbyterian cemetery. Col.
Johnson contributed lialf an acre of ground for its
site, which is now part of the cemetery. He also
gave twelve hundred d'dlars, or nearly one-half of
the cost of the building, which was two thi>usanil
four hundred and forty-three dollars. The remain<ler
wa.s cuiitribiitcd by the Van Meier brothers, Messrs.
John Congleton, and Matthixs Lambsou, various citi-
zens of Salem, both town and cotinty, and others.

Resides half an acre of land and nearly half the
cost of the building, Col. Johnson gave the mahogany
pulpit now in Usc ii\ the lecture- room ; Dr. K. II.
Van .Alctergave the stove, Mrs. Ruth Van Meter gave
the pulpit hangings, and a bookseller in Philadelphia
gave the pulpit I'.ible. When the building was erected
Grant Street was not laid out. It was approached
from a road that entered Market Street between Ma^-
kell Ware's house and the Episcopal Church. It
pointed north Ibnrefore, and not south as afterward,
while the steeple was al-.o on the north end.

In l.S.Ol or l.«32 pews with cushions wore jiul int..
it, the seats having )>revious!y been plain biiKn,-
with backs. The cost was six hundred and sixty-lvv.i
dolhii-s. These pews are now in use in the lecture-
room.

In 1S35, as the congregation increased, it was again
improved and eidarged ; twenty feet were added to the
length, making it seventy feet long, and giving room for
twenty new pews. The lloor was raised three feet, an<l
the ground under the front end was dug out four feet,
forming a basement lecture-room, which was used for
Sabbath-school and weekly meetings. These iuiprove-
meiiLs cost three thousaiul dollars.

Id 1S3S an organ wi\s placed in it at a cost of four
or five hundred dollars, of which Calvin Relden gave
one-half. Public worship was held in this old church
for the last time the second Sabbath of October, ISoO,
but its bell continued to call the people to worship
in the new church until the last Sabbath in Decem-
ber, ]S-")7. This bell was sold to the Fen wick Firr
Company.

The first Presbyterian Church in Salem was organ-
ized by a committee of the Presbytery of Philadel-
I'hia, on the 13lli of Xovember, 1S2I, four months
after the dedication of the building.

The church was organized with six members, an'!
the following persons were transferred to this cluireh
by the di-.solntio!) of the church at I'cun's Neck :
Sarah ].ninb-ou, Sarah ICean, Martha Piurden, John
Congleton, Sarah Congleton, and Sarah huinly.
Robert II. Van Mel-r, Samel Rurden, Robert .Mc-
Millen.and Lydia McMillen were among the earliest.
The following were ordained as ruling ciders, viz. :
Samuel Rurden, Robert McMillen, and Robert H.
Van Meter.

Jan. 2-1, 1522, au election for trustees resulted in
the choice of James Rartnui. Dr. James Van Meier,
Dr. Edward J. Ke.'tsbey, Joel Filhian, Samuel Copin r.
Samuel Dunn.

The Presbytery furnisbed su|)plies for the ]>ulpii
until the fall of ^.'^22. The trustees then employed
Rev. Moses T. Harris, from Philadeljdiia, who per-
formed pastoral duties until October, 1823. In No-
vend)er, 1823, Rev. John Burtt was invite<l to preach
as stated supply for six months. .-Vt the end of this
time he received the unanimous call of the congrega-
tion to become their pastor, and was ordained and
installed .Tune S, 182-J. The congregation agreed i"
give Mr. Burtt three hundred dollars and his fire-wood.
and find him a house to live in.

During Mr. lUirtt's ministry a jiaFlor's library,
valued at fifty di)llars, adapted to his special lasle-
and wants, w.is pie.--enled to the cliiircb by Elins
P.oudinot, Esq. A Sabbath-school library, valued
at twenty-five dollars, was also presented by Mi-'-'^
El let, of New York. Some of the books of the pal-
lor's library remain, while those given by !Miss EMci
formed the nucleus of the Sabbath-school library.

In 1530, after the disnii.ssal of .Mr. R'.irtl, Rev. A-

CITY OF SALK.M.

397

11. r.irkrr boi-.mie stutcil supiily fur oni" yoar. It
w;!- during Mr. Tarker'.-: niiiii.-lry tlio cluircii roicivcil
:i k-^ai-y of nearly one tbousaiiJ dollar:^ in l«ankslciik
from Mr. .lolin Congloimi. The church building was ,
al*ii repaired at tliis time.

Mr. Parker was succeeded in 1S.')2 by Ruv. Amsi ;
r.abhit, who continued as <taled supply for eighteen
months. After liiui came Uev. Thuinas Aniirnian, of
Xcw York, wlio remained <inly five months. Tlie»e
three last-named ministers were stated supplier and
not settled pastors.

Kev. Ale.'cander Ueberton, of Kingston, Luzerne
Co., I'a.. was installed as pastor Dec. lo, 1S34. Mr.
lleberton's ministry continued .six years. During
this period the churdi buihliug was enlargcil, car-
peted, rededicatcd, and an organ was purchased and
|daced in it. Mr. lleberton's salary was three hun-
dred and seventy-five dollars a year.

Very soon after Mr. Ueberton left, the Session in-
vited Kev. J. I. Helm lo preach to the congregation.
Mr. Helm began liis labors June 2'>, 1S40, and cou-
tiuued as .staled supply until Oct. 1, 1S-J2. Then a
call was regularly made out for his services as pastor,
and he was installed Oct. 17, lS-12.

.Mr. Helm's pastorate continued nearly tweivc
years, including his term as stated sujtply. During
this lime a library for the nse of tlie congregation
was e.stablished, chiefly ihrouirh his ellort.s. Mis.s
rrudence I. ]Cea.-l)cy bequeathed one ihous.ind dollars
towards the erection of a new building that w:ts in
contemplation. Dr. James Van Meter also beiiueathcd
a farm in I'ittsgrove town-hip. the income of which
is to be pcrpelually used to sustain the preaching of
the gospel. Dr. Van Meter's will \va? not witnessed,
and the legacy could not, therefore, be legally
claimed ; but his son, Dr. Thomas J. Van Meter,
p.Tve a deed of the property lo the church, in accord-
ance with his father's wishes.

In 1847, and largely through the efforts of the
ladies of the congregation, the building was jmr-
cliascd which is now occupied a-i a parson:tgc. The
cost was two thousand eight hundred dollars. Twelve
hundred dollars were raised by u general subscrij^tiou,
and six hundred dollars contributed by the ladies'
>cwing .society. This sum of eighteen hundred dol-
lars was paid when the deed was drawn ; the balance,
one thousand dollars, was paid at dilferent times, but
the mortgage was canceled May 4, I'i-'t'l.

Mr. Helm was dismissed .\pril 20, 1852. Rev.
Daniel Stralton, of Newbernc, N. C, wa.s called at a
meeting held June 23, 18.32, and was installed Oct.
14, ISo?. His ministry continued fourteen years, and
fnded with his death, .\ug. 24, 1800.

The present beautiful building was erected during
-^Ir. Stratton's ministry. The corner-stone was laid
with a))pri>priate ceremonies July 17, ISoI. IU";ords
of the church, religions and city papers, with other
documetits of interest were de|iosited in a case, sur-
niounled by a white stone slab, in which wa; cut

the dale of the I'lyunding and building of the church.
This was the coruer->tonc. The architect was .lolm
Mc^rthur, of Philadelphia; tlie mason, Richard C.
Ualliuger, of Salem ; the builder, A. Viiu Kirk, of
Trenton. Its uimensi(ins arc fofty-eiglil. feet wide by
eighly-si.\ feet long; height of steeple, one hundred
and eighty-four feet; cost, twenty-seven thousand
dollars. It wa.s dedicated Oct. 10, IS-JIJ. The names
of those who gave liie largest anuiunts for this build-
ing ate Ca'vin Helden and family, lleubcn lliiicb-
man, Kev. Daniel Stralton and iMiiiily (including one
thousand dollars from Miss H. E. Hancock). Mrs.
Margaret Kumsey and family, Thomas \V. Ctittell and
family, and Dr. Thomas J. Vau Meter and family.
The sums contributed by these donors amounted lo
S13,773.oO. Sabbalh-.<cliOfd was lir.^l, held in the new
building the second Sabbalh of Xovcuibcr, ISoG.
Xoveniber 11th the first weekly lecture was hold in
it, and Thanksgiving was observed in it November
20th. Dec. 28, ISGG, the congregation elected llev. F.
W. Hrauus, of the Presbytery of IJaltimore, as ihcir
pastor, at a s.alary of liftecn hundred dollar.? a year,
with the use of the parsonage. Mr. IJrauns w.'is in-
stalled April 2:>, 1S07, and after a ministry of sixteen
months accepted a call to the Seventh Presbyterian
Church, Cincinnati.

In lSd7 the ladies, with the consent, of the trustees,
and aided by a conimitleeof genilemen, rc|iaircd and
enlarged the parsonage, at au exjionse of two thou-
sand five hundred dollars.

The cliurcii was without a pa.-tor for six months
after Mr. iirauns left. During this Lime tlie puljiit
was su|iplic(l under direction of the Session. Jan. 2.").
18Gy, the cougregatioM unanimously called Kev. Wil-
liam Pannard, D.D., of the Presbytery of .Albany,
X. Y. He was installed April 27, 186'J. His min-
istry has thus far extended over thirteen years. The
church building has been improved and rei>aircd al
a further cost of four thousand dollars, while a goodly
numb.'r have be<n added lo its membership, and its
pro<perily ha.s at least equaled that of any previous

I period of. its history.

' The Sabb;ilh-.school has been an important element
in the success and growth of this church. The pres-
ent library contains four hundred volumes. Mrs.
Ruth Van Meter, the first superintendent, hold the
oflicc until the election of Calvin Helden, v.lwi re-
signed ill 18.jlj, and was succeeded by Henry I!. Waic,

■ who died in July, 187.'). W. X. P.aniiard was elected
■in October, 187.5, and served until .\ug. 3, 1871'. Tin:
jirescnl superintendent, Eichaid Kelly, was elected
Dec. 28, 1S79. The school has on its roll one liun-
dred and twenty-three scholars and teachers, of which
its infant d.-i'^s numbers fifty.

The property of this church may be summed up as
follows: A liousc of worship, which cost originally
twenty-.-eveu thousand dollars, and has been refiltc'l
at considerable expense; a parsonage worth six thou-
sand dollars; a farm in PittTgrove valued al ten

39S

HISTORY OP SALK.M COUNTY.

tliou^aiiJ dollars, yielding an a;i!iual iiicosiie of five
liunilred dollars; and a line ceniotery on Grant Street.
The <illi(.er* of the clinieh have been as follows:
Elders, Sanuul Burden, Kol.ert MeMillaii, Kohen 11.
Van >lcter, Robert G. Johnj^'tn, James Van Meter,
David Ji>linson, Isai.ih Wood, Georsje C. Itunisey,
Calvin Jiclden, John Wethcrby, Henry Freeman,
Thomas \V. Cattell, Jloje.'- Riehinan, Henry B. NVaro,
Renbcn Hinclinian, John ]■". Moore, 'Jninton Gibbon,
Henry M. Runi^ey, Willinin 1!. Roi)ertson, Thomas

B. Jones, William Riehnian, Benjamin R. Kelly;
Trustees, James Bertram, Jamts Van Meter, Edward
J. Keasbey, Joel Fitliian, Samuel Copner, Matthias
Lambson, Samuel Dunn, Thomas F. Lanib7.on,Geori:e

C. Ruiusey, John Lawson, Charles Hannah, William
J.Sbinn, Calvin Bclden, Thomas W. Cattell, Thomas
J. Van >[eter (declined), Reuben Hiuehman, Georjre
B. Roberti-on, John Lawson, William Patterson, Wil-
liam B. liobertson, Maskell W.nre, D. Wi-lotl Beldcn,
John V. Craven, A)bi.-rt W. Shirron, Henry M. Ram-
sey, John P. Moore, CharKs W. Casper. Caleb
Wlieeler, John C. Beldcn, Henry D. Hall, George
Hires, Clifford M. .Sberron, B. F. Wood.

Fiist Methodist Episcopal.— Methodism wa.s in-
trodiieed in Salem about 1771, when Daniel Rufl'
visited the town .iu>l preaelied in the court-house.

The Methixlist Ki>isc(i|ial Chureli in Salem was
founded about 17S4. The men chiefly enirawd in
the work were Henry .Stnbbins firth, John .McClas-
key, Cornelius Mulforil, Ilujrh Smith, Benjamin .Vb-
bolt, Isaac Vanneman, John .Murphy, and Levi Gar-
rison.

In 17)>4 the first hon-e of worship •<( this church
was built, laip;ely by the liberality of Henry Stubbing
Firth, on Mar^jarel's Lane, now Walnut Street. The
Methodists asked assistance from niember.s of other
religious denominations, amonp tliein persons belong-
ing to the Society of Friends. The matter was dis-
cussed in the Friends' (.Quarterly Meeting, some
Friends objecting to conlribulo, believing that they
cotlld do so only in violation of the testimony thai
the society always held against uidin;; "a hireling
ministry." It was stated in the meeting that the
preachers of the " new sect,' as the Methodisls were
called, received only a passing support for their ser-
vices; and after a general expression of opinion it
was decided by the society that .such members as felt
free to contribute might do so unreservedly. After
the church was comj)leted and dedicated, Benjamin
.Abbot was baptized therein; for, although he had
then been preaching twelve years, in coiisequfoce of
the ministry not having been ordained he had not
been baptized.

Up to this lime .Salem had been a preaching .station
on the West Jersey Circuit. In 17S.H the Salem Cir-
cuit was formed. Rev. Janie? O. Cromwell was .-ip-
pointed presiding elder, and .losepli Cromwell, Xa-
thanicl B. .Mills, and John Cooper were a[<pointcd to
the circuit. In 173'.', Salem Circuit had Simon Pile,

Jetliro Johnson, and Sylvester Hutchinson as preach-
ers. This .was iu all probability a " si.\ weeks' cir-
cuit,'* embracing all We.st Jersey below Burlington.
During tliis year there was a powerful work of regen-
eration on the circuit, which increased its class ami
church membership from six hundred and eighty in
nine hundred and thirty-three, the latter number
being reported in 17!iO. During that year the circuit
was divided and Bethel Circuit was formed, Joscpii
Cromwell and William Dougherty riding the now
smaller Salem Circuit. Judging from the returns in
the minutes of the .Vnnual Conference, there was iini
much done for the succeeding five years. In 17'."J
Salem Circuit returned four hundred and seventy-si.x
members. Uev. John McClaskey was presiding elder;
the preachers were Robert McCoy and Peter Vaiinest.
In 1707, William McLcnahan and Benjamin Fisler
rode Salem Circuit, which re]uirted a membership of
four hundred and fifty-two. The )>reachers of .'^alem
Circuit in 179y were Richard Swain and Wesley
Bndd. The latter was denominated " a masterly
preacher." He was a man of a cultivated mind,
quick discernment, and an extensive knowledge of
human nature, but, unhappily, he is said to have
afterwards made a shipwreck of his character, h;'ppi-
ness, and hope. In ISOO, Richard Swain and R.
Lyon were app(dnted to the Salem Circuit.

.\bout this lime the Salem station was largely in-
crciscd in meinbcrshiii. Among the new converts
were three brothers, Jacob, William, and Maskell
Mnlford, who came to Salem from (irccnwicli, Cum-
berland t'o., where their parents were members of the
Presbyterian Church. From this dat" the congrega-
tion increased steadily and quite rapidly, and in lime
the old frame building on Walnut Street was not
large enough to accommodate them, and in 1S20 they
condiicled to erect a brick edifice, which was com-
pleted and dedicated in IS^iS. The attention of the
writer ha« been drawn to a document, of which the
following is a literal copy, which w ill be found quaintly
interesting and historically valuable in this connec-
tion. It is writleu on what was once evidently the
fly-leaf of an old aecouiil-book, and on the back are
the words, '' To whom niny find it" :

" ?Al.i'M, P'ebruary 'lUi, lb3S.
"We tlK- niiJcr «lRri w»< llic carpijiitiTS Ihat nuinlicd llip M.-llwlial
E. Ohurcli in M.irgartts I.ano.

" Charles \V. BubUerU tbo Arcli. Jo»l C. Kralojr maslcr-wurliin.li llie
Lou built tlie i-ulplc.

"Jlev. J^tT'isiii I.rnU the tlnliuii aiinisliT ) Kmloy i Smith the i:iiJ.T
ill SnIcDi at (ho flnl'hihg of the Church J ti.kers.

f Charles Sharp) help to
l.Iohn II. Kelly ) finlshe
t llornjihu l.s.wrcutf 1 "
1 Painter f

David K. Williams began ihe church in M:irc!i.
W>r,. Rev. Abraham Owen was then stationed at
Salem as the minister.

It was in 1Sl'(> that Sah-m l>e'Mn!e a regular station.
,\t that time one hundred and five members were re-

I i
t i

CITY OF SALEM.

395>

porU'il. Rev. John Liiimaii wa.s tho first |':!stor. His
.iK-cc.*!">rs Iiuvi- lipeii Uev?. Tliom.M* Ware. 1 ^-7 ; Jnlni
I'l.lt*, 1S28; .M'ralium Owc-ii. lS"!o; Jolli-rson Lewi*,
l<;7-r,0; Tliumas McCarn.!!, avJ5)-12; Gort'C F.
ItrowM, 1842, lSi3; D. W. IJariiiic, lS.i:5-4->; S. Y.
Monroe, 184>-4r; Janus H. Dandy, lS17-l'.i; James
O. Kf)j:crs, lSlD-51; Jetlei^.-n Lewis, lSol-.:'3; \V. L.
IVrry, lSo3-o.); Goorgo Hiiglies, lSoo-J7: SaimicI
Vansaul, lSJ7-'>9; Jflin W. Hitchmaii, ISoO-Ol;
K. V. Lawrence, lS01-li3; J. B. Graw, 1 ?(.;;'.-0') ; 11.
yi. Drown. li-OViiS; P. Cline, K-tV>-70; \V. W. Chris-
tine, 1S7<>^72; J. W. Hickman, 1 s72-7o ; Willis Keevos,
1S70-78; William E. Boyle, 1S7S-79; B. C. Lippin-
coll, 1S70-S1; anil G. H. Ncai, the pre.-ient pastor,
Hince 1881.

In 18,s2 the eliuri'h nunibercl about I'.iiir liiinilred
memhers, the Sunilay-.%cho"l three Imndred and llfly
scholars and thirty-six oiTicers and tcaeheis. The
Suii(l:!y-M:hool library contained four hundreil and
seventy -five volume".

Broadway Methodist. — The lot ujiou which this
church was built was purchased in ISM, the church
edifice commenced in IS.'iS, and finished the succeed-
ing year. It is a handsome and :sub.-'tantial Ijrick
structure. On Feb. 22, 1850, it was or^'anized by
one hundred and fourteen persons, members of the
Walnut Street Methodi>t Episcopal Ciuirch, now
called the Fir^l Methodist Episcopal Churc'.i.

Tlie first minister until the following March, under
the presiding elder, was Rev. George W. Finlaw. The
lirst from Conference was Rev. W. H. Jellry.s, who
remained two years. His succesjiori, with their re-
spective teii'is of ^crvicc, have been :u Ibllows :

Revs. U. .\. Chall;fcr, two years; C. K. Hill, two
years; C. K. Fleming, two years; J. S. Hcislcr, three
years; G. K. .^Iorri3. three years; W. H. Pearnc, two
years; C. W. Heisley, three years; J. R. Wesiwood,
three years; R. Thome, Jr., the present pastor, is
now in the .'^ecohd year of )iis service.

The following have been tlie sujieriiitendpiits of the
.•Sunday-school since ita orpaiii/'ation :

T. V. F. Rusling, X. Dunu, E. W. Dunn, J. R.
Li|ppincott, and 15. Pattcr.-.'in, who now holds that
"llice.

St. Mary's Roman Catholic— The liist Catholic
service in tfalcui was conducted .May 17, l-S-JS,by Rev.
K. Q. S. Waldron, of Philadelphia, in u room of h
private house, .\flcr this Salem was visited about
"lice a month by diileitnt priests froMi Philadelphia,
'^litil near the clo^e of the yoar 1S51, though at times
••ppoiutmeiils were not kept and meeting: i\-ere some-
what irregular.

Late in ISOl, Rev. .Tohn Mf;Dermott v.as sent by
'he bishop to be the first resident priest. The room
(■•rmerly in use b<>ing now too small to aeeouimod.ite
'he congrc_'ati'in, a hall ovi r ii blacksmith-shop at the
'"iiicr of Griffith and Ward .Streets was used. .Some
•>{ the early members were J'atriek .Ste-v'art, Patrick
McDonald, Dennis Mahoney, Patrick McCabe, Jere-

miah Murphy, Patrick Guiui. Richard Crean, Jere-
miah Riordan, David and IMiiiaiid Hays, Martin,
James, and Tliomas Mctjraih, .huiics Ryan, Tnoinas
and Michael Murph>,Jolin Foley, Walter and Patrick
0"Rricn, William O'Uricn, I'atriek Plow, James Den-
ning, Michael Hogan. Patrick Littleton, Jeremiah
and Daniel ."^uUivan, Christian Mo.Vlcer, Patrick
Carroll, Patrick, John, .Michael, and Thomas Coffee,
Samuel Donahue, Matthias and Peter McGee, Peter
Callahan, Richard Smith, Michael Maher, John
Hoitinan, John Cummiskey, John Meliridc, and other
members of most of the fainilie.- to which these per-
sons belonged.

Rev. John McDermott remained three years and a
half His successors and their several terms of ser-
vice have been as follows: Revs. Cornelius Cannon,
fifteen years ; Secundinus Pattle. six years and a haif;
James McKernan, three years and a half, leaving in
November, lS7i>. and the present pastor, Rev. P. J.
Dennis.

The corner-stone of the lioii^e of worship of this
church was laid in the .spring of 1852, and the build-
ing, ii beautiful and capacious stone structure, was
completed and dedicated before the close of that year.
It lias a seating rapacity of three hundred and ftily,
and is valued at five thousand dollars. There is a
graveyard in the rear. In JS53 the house adjoining
the church was bought as a p.Tstoral rasidciice. Some
time alterward uii adjacent house was purchased, and
the two were connected by convening the alky which
formerly separatdl them into a hallway, opening
into either. The parsonage is valued at lilteen hui:-
dred didlars. The school-hoiisc was buili in lSo3. It
is a frame building, standing within the church
grouinls, and is valued at eight hundred dollars. A
day-school and tt Sunday-school are taught. Tiic
pujiils number eighty-five. The teacher* are iv.-'i
Franciscan Sisters, belonging in Philadelphia. 'J"he
p.islor is alway.s superintendent of the Sunday-school,
the library of which lonuiins three hundred volumes.
The total membcr.-hip of ."^t. Mary's is about four
liundred and fifty. A frame chapel was built in
Woodstown by this parish, aided by local Ciitholics,
in 1872. Prior to that time services had been lie'.d in
a jirivatc house. The congiogation there iiiiinbeis
about one hundred and fifty.

Colored Churches. — The large colored population
of Salem e.irly found means to organize a religious
society of Melhodistic failli, which came in lime to
be known as the l.'nited Societies. A meeting-house
was built about 18i'2, but was never entirely finished,
and was destroyed by lire. The society inter pur-
! cha.scd the old Mill Hollow Baptist iionse.and moved
it to a lot on East Broadway which was given thein
by Robert G. Johnson. It is now used as a school-
h..'ii3e for colored chiltlren. iiuvi.ig been replaced by
a brick oiructure.

In lolT there wa.s a division in llin society, ynd a
large number of the mcinbei-, withirew ai.d organ-

400

HISTOKY OF SALKM COrNTY.

izcd a new cliurcli, which U:\< h.ul a i-'>:itiuvM-,i- ex-
i-tei;ei\ ll> liiiii~c of wrtr^liip is in the tiiv.iishiii of
l^lsinlinrii, just iiiitsitlc of the city limits.
l.nDul; AXn S'lCIKIY iiistouv.

Salem Lodge. Xo. 19. F.aud A. M.. ^vas probably
the fir>t secret society ori;:'.iiiz'>il in :^;•.le\ll. It resij^noJ
its. cliantr some time :it"ter 1 yjil, in co'.i;ei^,'.ience of the
adverse inthi'Mico of Auti-M isciiic senliniciit di'.rinz
the few years fi)Ilo\viiiir the myst-'rious di-;!i)|ic:ir.i!ioc
of William Mor-r.in. Coiiiiiiiiiiicatioiis were lioM in
the building now tlie store of AVilliam H. Lawson,
on West Hromlway, whicli w:<.s formerly known as
".Masonic Hall."

Excelsior Lodge, No. 5i, F. and A. JI. — This
lodire was in-litu:cd under a charter granlecl Jan. 19.
IStiS, to Joshua J. F.ates, W. M. : Thoniai V. F. Rus-
liug, S. W. : Geor-eW. Cohert-on, J. W. ; Oliwr R.
Stoucrhton. Treus. ; Samuel G. Cattell, Sec. ; William
U. Jtliries, S. D. ; L- lac C. Pcicrsou. .T. U. ; T. Jones
Yorke, M. C. ; and .Vdaiu H. Sickler, Tyler. Exeolsior
Lodge meets in the Garwood building, and is (Sej)-
tcmber, 1SS2) ofljoered as follows: W. IL Lawson,
W. M.; John II. Kelty, S. W. ; Eenjaaiin Wescott,
J. W.; Joseph Basset:, Trc-as.; Joseph D. Ferrell.
t^ec. ; John Lamnerl, C; S'.ius .Mciicmy, S. D. ;
Clement Kelly, J. D. ; John I'errine, Henry F. Piacon.
and John G. Garwood, M.S. of C. ; John G. Garwood
and J. J. Thomiison, Stew.irds; George Morrison,
Tyler; and William II. Law-'in, Geori.'-; Hires, Jr.,
and Charles S. I.aw.-o!), Trustees.

Washing^ton Lodg-e, IJo. 21. L 0. 0. F., wa-s
organi/e'I July 21. and ehartcreJ .Vu;;. 3, IS-i?.. The
first oiTiccrs were Ijaiah Wood, X. G. ; Thomas W.
ilulford. V. G.; John Hamlly. P. G. ; William C.
Mulford, Sec. ; Clinrles W. Itobcrts, Treas. The ofli-
cersserviiiprin September, 1S5>2. were John L. Ilaynes,
N. G. ; James J. Tyler. V. G. ; William Ougb, Treas.;
Charles F. Lipj-incott, llec. Sec. Meetings weekly in
Garwood's building.

Fenwick Lodge, No. 164, I. 0. 0. F., v.as insti-
tuted Dec. lis, 1S7I. The following were the charter
members :

Active Lodge, No. 2101, G. IT. 0. of 0. F, Col-
ored . was <'i.:.ini7.od -Vpiil U''. lS>i.l; nu vts on i- ..
first and third Mondays of each month in G.ir.vii i ,
builuinir. The following: were the charter nui.'.i^r-
T. 11. Lee, G. II. Giles, D. IX Turner. M. S. >[..•■.:
K. E. Monro. W. G. Major, G. W. Crai- The llr-;
otueers were Georjrc II. Giles, X. G. ; T. II. Loe, V.
G.; 1). D. Turner, Per. Sec; W. G. .Major. Tr^as.
The following; are the names of the successive pr. -
.sidin- o!iieers: G. II. Giles, T. II. Lee, M. S. .M.ij.,r
R. E. Moore, J. P. Giles. Tiie oiiicers in Sopte-.ii'.'vr.
1850, were J. P. Gile.s. X. G. ; George Jackson. V. G. :
D. D. Turner. Per. Sec.; W. G. Major, Treas.

Salem Encampment, Ko. 10, I, 0. 0. F., was ,,r-
<;ani/.ed under :'. charter granted Dec, io, 1S14. Siiti-
se(]uently it ceased to work, and surrendered its i.h.ir-
ter in ISoG, but resumed aviaiii upon the revival of it-
charter, reor.:anizing Deo. I'l, ISo'J. At this tiiiietlu-
charter members were William P. Chattin. Knbcr;
Gwynne, T. V. F. Kuslitig, William Ou^li, Joiin
Lord, Charles L. Scott, John Miller, Patrick Kocap.
aud Charles H. Chew, all members of the eiu'aiii|-
ment under the Ibrmer organization. The t'ollowin;
were the oliiccrs in September, 1SS2: C. P., John W.

• Fos'Pr; S. W., William H. Crow; J. W., Williaii;

■ Launcr; H. P.. William Ough; Treas., F. M. .Vcton;

[ Scribe, George A. Githens; O. S., .Alexander llaud:
L S., B. C. Carry; G., J. C. llornhlower.
Salem Degree Lodge, l%o. 8, L 0. 0. F., was h:-

; stituted March 22, 1<72, wi-li William B. B>bert-^ci.

' P. M.; Jo.eph D. Ferrell, D. D. M. ; William 1!.
Kelty. See. ; and Charles W. Casper, 'J'reas. I! ith 'i;
these bodies meet in Garwood's building.

Americau Star Council, No. 21, 0. U. A. II.-
This eoun:-il of the order of United .American Me-
chanics \vas chartered May 1, ISo'^, and meets i'l
Washington Hall. The original members were:

T. V. F. RusHii?.
Willi jni v.. l!.jlcrl*un.
CTijrlM It. Chew.
5.lint:^l I'rior.
CnarlnC.Ci.rk.
Cliir'.MS. Ij»»«n.
J.,l.n W. l.,.3S.
Maurice B. >:itoo.
J^,l,n P. Briin».
Juliu S. Ariii:;raii=.
Wir.ijm It. MdlUck.

I>9ujaniin Act'jn.
Jusei>]i IVu-setr.
J(»,?pb iUlUr.
SaUKiel Smii.
All'rtil L. Siaikt.
Sjoiuel \Y. Dunn,
rh.lrlij W.CJiper
Fr.inV M. Acloo.
Willi.mi M. Kie-ni
G. .,r;e V. Olleu.
Williim R. Uiint.

The following were the first otiieers : F.'-ank M.
Acton, N. G. ; William M. Kiernann, V. G. ; John
W. L'-ng, Sc:. ; C!ii'rle-> W. Ca-per, Treas. The offi-
cers ill Sipter.il'C-r, 1*S2, v.vro as follow.s : A. C. ■^'ouiig,
X. G.; J. II. Bacon, V. G.; firorge A. Githens, Per.
Sec; Ciiarlcs W. IWl, Hoc. Sec; Frank M. Acton,
Treas. This hilgc meets tvcry Tuesday evening in
Garwo..;d's bajlding.

Wi;il:im C-irtjrv.
V-jlli^in I!. P. Ward.
S. 1>. ElMlrj!.
S.toiut;l V. Hill.
Gcurge M. Fjilor.
Adam C. Iini;ht.
Samii'l L. U^H.
Cbirlei n. Acton.
iI.i<ou M. C.;.^v.»tt.
■William S. r..vi,.
Wa-hiiiyt ,a Wriijlit.
Willijni It. B-nncit.
l;ci>jnuila L. Cok.
Eliv.irJ C. WarJ.
JuLn Tr:.. ).
G«rsf W. J..=j.
ri..irl<., II. Williainl.
Wllll.ini r-jrm'lia.
Andrew r«. J..ck«n.
JflinCutiiiclii.
Saniii.I It. s.ilf'.
J.,5!nli II. It>w»n.
FraiKis J. l:»li;frioi.

CjlJ.-niilli P. M.ill.
Jaiiifs K. Lu.Iwitk.
|!.-oj inuii C. CiirrI,'
Jolni L. l;r.<»n.
Eul/ert P. Swdin.
John lU'Jgwa.T.
Cliarl^j I! Suii'I..T5,
Ch:iil-3 K. Nkliul'.
Cliiriei P. Mill-r.
Will.ur Clicw.
SKiuufI U. Cur!i,=.
liichnrJ .^t. Si'ii;ki
John Q. riJL\i!i.
Eiihiaiiu Wti^ht.
Julin C. 0..L--.II1.
Willi.ini Wlie-l.r.
Kul^.t Y.-.nkpr.
Millpr I'. Cartir- .n.
CuiTii Pluniliicr.
);-nurii 3lill<.

Tlioii

i J. W<;.^l.

f\ lu

n|.)rt.

H'.ac S. M»}hc

The following oflicer^ v.ere >erving in Srptemher.
] 1*S2 : C, T. J. We-t ; V. C, W. M. T. .M;.fllai ; P. ^V
i Ephraim Wri^dit ;. .V. i:. S., .1. U. I)..vi-; F. S.. fie-.'::

CITY OF SALEM.

401

\. IJithens; Trcas., Jo.«ph Hansel t ; liid., George
Hi'.ks; Exiini., George Dunn: I. P., William G. Clark ;
, 1. !'., rliarlts Wolvi'rton.

Forest Lodge, No. 7,

K. of P.— Forc.-t Ludiic wa-5

:i;-tiui!cd Feb. 27, ISOS,

Willi llie Aillowiiifr-namcd

charter members :

]!ci0J"iil> F. Wood.

Uinrj- F. Sicklcr.

William .<ni:i«lie)-.

Samuel biluiore.

Franrij 1.'. Krniielt.

Ji>s<-|>li r. Btuvker.

n.irlis S. Mullita.

Jrfcc r. noJinc.

WilliHii. .«. llurgess.

JohD R. Cnr|)»nter.

<l.chCiT C. Clianis.

Siciilieii Coiiusrlloi.

IVniU<T|..ii Pierce.

ClmrlciG. Unllrv.

Jul.ii S. Jlcfunf.

George Jtac*tn.

Chailos H. Ch.'W.

l^tukc S. Moiloii.

WilliHiii B. Robiosoii.

Williani Urc<:i:e.

Joliu C. Tout*.

$<unurl Itullierforil.

Kliiulliaii Vanlienian.

John f^. R;icoii.

S..n.u.I C.U.

Ilobert S. Bunllng.

Julin J. 1 huuif'tfon.

Bel|juuiinC.Gr«ir.

Si.niufI Hill

Lemuel TCej-iioMs.

MJ1..I I- I:. Trecn.

Charles M. IIUMng.

hich.ir! 1". Ililcs.

SaruucI K. Mottuu.

Hi-n..* J. lr.a».

John M. Irr'lell.

Diw.l II. Hvgt;!.

Williani It. Shiuip.

Jvlin T. r.arwooj.

Jwri'h W. .\llen.

' G<K>rgv r. 0;ctlcu.

William PutMiua.

J.'lin G r.illiiigfr.

Oirlitlnn Svliaofer.

Wllliaiii H.ricrce.
Juki. Hill.

Williani IE. Malla..k.

John M. Wright.

1 Mien aiclu-jr.

Smith B. tickler.

i IljriiiioS. fackard.

Charles r. Brr>wii.

ih William 0. Councilor.

Wlllaci Slihol».u.

' l*iac 11. Lauronee.

Blllwjii B. Ilali.. ck.

Ch..rU9 U. Rncuii.

William V. Itubiii^.n.

W»nra Sinolltj.

Geortje 1'. Bruwii.

The lir-.l oDiccrs were as follows : Charle.« U. Chew,
V. r. ; Ueiijamin F. Wood, C. C. ; William .^maslicy,
V. C. ; Francis E. Beniioit, >[. at A.; Feinberton
I'iercc, K. of 11. Hiid S. ; Jolin S. McCuno, M. of F. ;
•■Spencer C. Challis, .M. of E. ; William .S. JJiirgcss,
I'. G.; Charles S. Mullita, I. G. ; William Jl. Mat-
l.ick, John G. Balliuger, John S. Bacon, Trustees.
The oflicons serving in September, 1S62, were William
Launer, P. C. ; A. B. Kirk. C. C. ; John W. Stanley,
V. C; John P. Price, K. of 1!. and 8.; Jo.^tph Mil-
ler, M. of E.; J. Millon Townsend, P.; Wilbtrt
Itccve-s, M. atA. ; A. H. Stevenson, I. G. ; Charles
U|.al, O. G. ; J. A. Davis, William JI. La.-her, Ji. D.
^fwain. Trustees. This lodj^e mcei* in Wa^hiniitou
Hall.

Salem Conclave, No. 36, Independent Order of
Hcptasophs, Wivs instituted Oct. 11, 1861, with char-
ter members as follows :

son; Prov., J. C. Hornblower; Sec. J. D. rcrrcll ;

Fin., Charles F. Lippincolt : Treas., W. W. Acti.ii ;

Pre!., Christian Schafer ; Ins.. W. P. Robinson; W.,

Stiles McIIenry ; S., D. Harris Smith ; Trustees, IX.

T. Starr. W. 11. Thompson, am! J. C. Iloriiblowor.
1 The i-ouiluvi- meets in Garwood's buildiiij:.

Lafayette Post, No. 69, G. A. R.— La layette Post
! was organized by Col. A.S. Xoros, .^lay 20, 38S2, with
j the following-named ofticers, yet serving (September,

1SS2) : P. C, Daniel Whitney ; S. V. C, Benjamin
j Dilmorc; J. V. C, Robert J. SummeriU ; Q. M., Jo-
; sepli Bas.=ett; C, Joseph Rich; Snig., William B.
; Willis ; O. of the D., F. M. Acton ; 0. of the G.,
: John S. Eva; Q. M. S., Alfred 15. Shule. Meetings

are held in Reliance Hall.
AUoways Tribe, No. 7, 1. 0. of R. M., nieeis in
j Reliance Hall. It was instituted Sept. 2i), ISoo, with

■ the following charter members: Charles Daniels,
1 David R. Reed, T'lnathan Vanneman, Joseph B.
j Kiddie, Patrick C. Rocap, Thomas Lazalere, Calvin

IJ. Camp, and Thomas Mason. The fii>t oilicers in-
I stjUed were David B. Reed, S. ; Charles Daniels, Sen.
I Sag.; Elnathan Vanneman, Jun. S.ig. ; Joseph R.
' Biddle, Proph.; Martin Miller, K. of V/.; Patrick
' R. Rocap, C. of R. In Sejjtcmber, 1SS2, the officers
' were as follows: S., John Hopkins ; Sen. Sag., George

■ Campbell; Jun. Sag., Snmue! Rutherford; Proph.,
'■ Frederick Smith ; C. of R., John C. Cootn; Asst. C.

of R., ^\■illiam Eckel: K. of W., Clinton Kelty.
' Evening Star Lodge, No. 15, Lady Masons, was
instituted in October, 1S71, with the following-iiamtd
charter meinbets:

Mary .\iin Rich. AliU'ail Fi.sler.

Mor.v Ann WarJ. Emoliue Diddle.

Sarah Tuwej. I.jdia Dole.

Ali'^e II. Fduardj. S«nih Snilcher.

.s.<llle >;. Mills. Velilah Dilhoiin.

■ Jothel JonoK. Jlniy .\. .Sunders.
j SuKiri C. Edwoide. Jeminm Kcltj'.
, Rebecca W. Swain. Mass'^ I'yalt.
I At,n K Jnmeji.

Mci lings are held in Garwood's building.
Martha Washington Council, No. 3, Daughters
of America, was instituted under a charter granted
June id, }&0'.>. The following were the charter
i members :

lleujaniiii >'. Wood.
J'-i-fh I!,t.jett.
Ch..il.-« S. I.-.wx.D.
William JI. Thomiisan.
R. A. WaddiDgiuu.
I^lijatiilii I'all'lMn.
J'-hn G. Ilalllnger.
Wjlbtir y. Springer.
Wall.-r W. Actou.
J"«j'li Miller.
»l.»i.J K<.p).ehhelm.
WilliBin I". Uubinmii.

Stile„ Slclienr}'.
William II. U»«Qn.
Blchnr.l T. St.irr.
J. C. Hornbluwer.
WllliHin 11. Liulier.
O. G. Abbutt.
J&«;.li I). r.T.vll.
CharleaT. Lll-,,!licil
Chiinliun Sclia.-fer.
Samuel W. Ilnnn.
V. llillrl. Smllh.
John T. C.irwjod.

Sarah I'. MaMU.
Llztie Uill.
rorollue R. Corll»«.
Kli/.> Rudine.
Sarah Tnsw.v.
Marihn Bennett.
IlD-'hel Panleli.
Mary B. Stepkr.
Annie Wright.

ilagrfc Ander..,or,.

Kmehno Milkr.
Karri et Nichols.
Abhia Hurley.
r.boda Kavit.

Mary Jane Janiiion.
I.ydia Smllh.
Emeline Diddle.
SiiMan Pavenporl.
Snilie Mills.
Jlehecca W. Swain.
Sally fitratton.
Buiieiu Mills.
Amanda MIIIm.
Sarah K. Finch,
Sai-ah Fox.
AlllinC. I.ndu'ick.
Rachel Manl.

' he following-named ofliecrs were serving in Sep-
ivinber, 18S2 : A., W. H. Lawsoo ; P. A., C. S. Law-

This society meets in Vt'a-hingion Ha'i.

The United Firemen'.'! Beneficial Association, (.f
Sab;m, was iiislilulcd M;'.y 1:2, liTJ, witl; the follow-
ing coiistiluent lueinbers :

•102

HISTORY OF SALKM COUNTY.

A. Slcln^r.

i. irupkiu.'.
A. II. lun.

K. 1). Snaiii.
J. P. nacoii.
II. J. lull.
A. H. !^to{ihen5un.
J. (.•. Smilli.
W. P. WKlters.
C. M. l5arou.
J. Woo,i.Wo.
J. r.M.lon.
T. K.-lly.
J. B. r^rtoiis.
S. Si.i-nrs.
A. >\.«or.
C. V. Plumer.
K. Luutlcv.
v. S. GiUoo.
J. .<. Itacvn.
J. L*wjK>n.
P. Sttiil«r.
J.She|-.;ord.
\V. H. Bala.

J. tvnvijr.

H. I... Baeun.
J. J. WnlLvr.
J. TV.IlM.

B. Leonard.
W. II. Eckel.

C. M. I. ^lor.
S. H. gutp.
J.l.iiik.

T. M. Uirchuii
T. J. Woil.
W. Slitllin.
E. Siilia.
G. Cani|it.oll.
J. CoiiLSf!l.)r.
J. n. Sliltlin.
J. H. V.Ary.

A. Olilx>n
Bl. Sliiii|>.

J. M. Mill.T.

B. T. Si.irr.
J. \V. iituiU-y.
1. II. Bacun.
S. U Z.1U..-.

J. Hug);o«.

Tlie following wert- tbe first olliccis elected: R. D.
Swain, preiiJont ; H. J. Hall, vice-picsideiit ; D;ivid
Carney, reconling si'<>relnry; A. B. Hall, financial
."cciclary ; Albert .Sleiiur, treasurer.

The Feiiv/ick Club.— Tliis is a^'.'cial organization,
and its mcmbersliip i.< limited to twenty. It was
formed Oct. 23, 1S4S, with the following members :

Tliom.-u Slnnlckw!!.
Jolin M. iSiuLlckx"!!.
Cvl..lo>inSlDiiickMin.
S^ikiurl l1.Cletn»iit.
Andrew i'inuicKfoii.
.luiiitthnn JngbHQi.
I.r« i» >. Torki..
Timr-itu Jooc* Yorko.
Jriuie« S. llannAli.
Lt. J ll.Th.ji.ipsoi..

Snluuel Utirbert.
Uuoii \»n Mder.
Bi'iijtiiiln Acloii.
.laoili \V. .Mulfdrd.
George ^V.Ouiritfcn.
StDiucI Prior.
Char! .^ Itorijlilovrer.
Kit'liHid P. TliDLip^vii
Jumes Brovu.

J. l->.-as, l.^Liac /.. C. Gosling. Josopli U. P-ell, VA.^ .
II. Dare, executive coniniitloc.

The Saieni Social Club l^.-is twm< «n East l',;
wav, iK'.xt dour to the Nilson lioii-e. It was li-
nci Marcii ]■'■, 1S77, with I. O. .\tton as (ire-ii
D. Harris :?iiiilli as s^eoretary, and Jolin C. IV-M. ;
Jr., as treasurer. Tlie ulViccrs fur 1SS2 were 1. resident ; 1;
Gwynne, Jr., secretary and treasurer.

Salem Lecture Hall. — A small hal! over ilu: >•.■■.
on the "Star l"or:icr," another over the coun-hi.n-.
and l!niii.~cy's Hall, on East l^roadway, were fur ina!.'
years the bcsi accommodations Salem airoidoi! i
amusement caterers and seekers. The- la.st is a ci n.-
modious hall, but was thought to be scarcely iu kei'i ■
ing with the enterprise and progress of the city. I",.
years picvious to ISSl the advi-sahilily of ereclii!^- .i
new public hall was advocated, hut it was not iiini
April of that year that any measures to that end we.-
aclually taken, when four citizens solicited subsi.r;,
tions to build a hall which it was intended should :
•a credit to the city. April 13, ISSl.astock coni-a;,.
was formed under tlie laws of the State, to be- ku'rv-.:
as "The Salem Eecture Hall Couipaiiy." JtsLii:
bers were :

Couslniit M. L'tkin.
Tb.iuiiu- Siunkkeon, Jr
JoAvj'li Bvjtctt.
J. C. I!. l<l?ii. Jr.
Junmliaii In^liAMi.
J. Y. CiHvcii.

E. II. B;i>Ii-tt
Ge.-»rgp ^ifctim.
W. II. 'I'lionipK'ti.
W. Grain, ui Tyl.-r.
ll. H;.r:is.=r.llh.
V. M. Kti-r..
J. B. l.l|.plncull.

B. T. Stan.
Wim»i-j >lorrl».
BidiiirJ Wooiliiutt.
llonjnuiin Actou.
Clayu.ii WIslnr.
Ccargi- Hires.
M. P. C'vy.
A. H. Slal-e.
TliuniM B. Stiirr.
D. K Wood.
S. W. licicn.

KlliMi Mt";iiiii.

The oflicers elected were J.ncoh W. llulford, i>resi-
dent ; Jo:intliai) Icjrham, secretary ; Benjamin .Vcton,
treasurer. The olficers for 18S:3 were M-ason Van
>reter, ]irtsi.kni ; John V. Craven, secretary; Frank
M. Acton, treasurer. The rooms of this club arc in
Mitchel''.f building.

The Jefferson Club was or-anized Nov. 17, ISSl.
This ir a social club, composed of young men of the
Den.ocratic parly, and is the head.juarters of that
parly in this city. They occupy the second floor of
Sberroii's building. The following were the first ofli-
ceis: Jo-~epli il. liac'ui, president: Henry F. Hacon,
Edward Calhonn. vice-presidents; Frank P.Casper,
secretary; K. Gwynne, Jr., corresiiunding secretary;
James A. Riordan, financial secretary ; P. J. Driscoll,
treasurer; William J. Freas, George M. Morris, J.
Schwartz, Isaac Z. C. Gosling, Joseph H. P-ell, execu-
tive committee. The olhccrs in f)ctober, 1.SS2, were
as follows: Joseph M. Hacoii, pri--ideiit; Henry F.
Itecoii .md E'lward Calhoun, vice-j.residents ; Frank
P. Ca-per, .-ecrrtary ; R. Gwynne, Jr., corresponding
secrctaij ; Fdv.ard C:;lhoun, liuancial secretary ; Isu-
doic Schwartz, treasurer; Geoi-i; JI. Morris, Vi"iUiam

Constant M. Eakiii was elected president : D. Hur
Smith, secretary ; F. .^I. .\cton, treasurer; audC"'-
stant M. Eakin, 15. F. Wood, Thomas Sinnickson, .'r
W. H. Thompson, and J. C. Behlcn, Jr., diici tii .
and all have so served continuously since. The li.''
011 Walnut Street, is a brick stiucture fifty feet !■:
( i.:;hty, elegant of exterior and interior, and is sui
plied with the conveniences coninion to all fi'st-rl.i-
theatres throughout the country. It cost twelve t'.'^^
sand ddUars, and was opened Dec. 27, 18S1. -M.-.'
20, 1S&2, the interior was nearly destroyed by lir>
It was immediately repaired, .-md was reopeneJ
Au-ust, 1SS2.

Hotels. — The Garwood House, on Market Siri'i'
is the oldest public-house in Salem. In ] 800 it v.
kept by James Sherrou. It has since btei: kip" '
Thomas larke, P. D. Parke, Calvin Camp, aiul Ji:;
G. Garwood. The next in order of age is tli'.' Nel-
House. Its successive keepers have been Wiili::'
Conrow, Michael Hackett, David Niehols, Ward t'l''
son, Isaac Hackett, Benji'.inin T. ?iIu!foid, .fohn lu''^
ford, Jo.seph Davis, Peter Kean, Samuel Kwii, \^
liam H. Nelson, R:i;l:ard .■s:;iIor, Sauiuel 1 luiM^^

C^i^J^/..

■ft^//rA^

CITY OF SALEM.

403

Jactson Bryant, and Cliark-s C. Ford. Scliaefer's
Hotel wa? opened by Cliarles Scliaofcr, the present
proprietor, in ISO-i. A hotel known as tiie Mansion
House has been kept by Isaac Haekett, B. Smith,
William AValraven, Benjamin Lore, and Mrs. Lore.
A public-house was kept on Market Street by Ward
AVilson, in a building no v a dwelling. 'J'homas An-
drews and John Collins suceessivcly kept a tavern
in a house on Broadway opposite Front Street, re-
cently torn down. Isaac A\'ilson kept the "Yellow
House," on Broadway below Front Street.

BIOGRAPHICAL SKHTCHES.

COL. KOIJEIM GICUOX J01IN.~0N.

Col. Kobert Gibbon Johnson, the subjeel of this
memoir, was born at Salem, X. J., July 2^, 1771, and
died at New Haven, Conn., Oet. 2, ISol'i. He was
descended from a long line of English ancestry, the
first of the name on American t^oil being his great-
grandfatlier, llichard Johnson, who was among the
earliest settlers in what, under the Proprietorship of
Fenwiek, was known as Salem Tenth. He emigrated
from Surrey, England, in 1674, the year previous to
the arrival of Fenwiek, the great Proprietor, and
became the purchaser of a large tract of land in that
portion of West Xew Jersey which Lords Berkeley
and Carteret had granted to John Fenwiek, the Chief
Proprietor.

Richard Johnson must have been imbued willi the
spirit of adventure so rife in the seventeenih century,
for he cunie hither the sole male representative of his
family at the early age of twenty-five years; was pos-
sessed of abund.ant means, and was the scion of an
old and honorable family of landed gentry. A sulli-
cient guarantee of this fad is the silver seal, engraved
with the "Johnson Coat of Arms," still preserved by
liis descendants. He represented ll-.e western division
of New Jersey in the Provincial Assembly during the
years 1707-S-O; was appointed judge of the courts of
Salem County by Gen. Robert Hunter, and continued
in that office until the time of his death, which oc-
curred in 1710. lie was also an iiifliionlial member
of the Salem Monthly Meeting of Friends, and took
an active part in erecting the first brick meeling-
hou.,e in their ancient graveyard in 1700, to which he
subscribed £15. There he and his wife, Mary Grover
Johnson, were afterwards buried. His fpiaint old
homestead, erected in the year 1C90, is .still standing,
and is owned and occupied by his descendants of the
fifth feneration.

Robert Johnson, the only grandson of the preceding
Richard and father of Col. Johnson, was also a
)>roniinenl man of his generation, and w.is born in
llie year 1727. Hi.s [larents dying in his infancy, lie
was brought up by his uncle, Jolin I'ledger, on the
Xeiherland jdaniatiou, wliich was the original tract

of land purchased by the emigrant John I'ledger,
ancestor of the above. Robert Johnson's attiicbnieut
to the spot where his childhood and infancy hud been
spent was so great that, when he arrived at years of
niauirity, he purchased it from his uii'.-lo's heirs, and
ihinceCorwaid made it his home, arid dying bequcatlicd
it to Ins descendants. It has only recently passed out
of tlie family, having been in their possession for up-
wards of two hundred years. He married for his
second wife Miss Jane Gibbon, dau^'liter of Nicholas
and Ann Gibbon, of Salem.

Robert Johnson held the jndgeshiji of .Siilem
County for eighteen years. His first ap)iointnient, in
17i>'5, came from under the hand and seal of William
Franklin, the last colonial Governor under George
I., and his final one, in l"7ti, from William Liv-
ingston, the first Governor under the American in-
dependent Constitution of New Jersey. He con-
tinued to hold the otiice until 17S7, and died a few-
years later in his seventieth year, leaving a widow
and two children, viz. : a daughter, who .iftcrwards
became the wile of Capt. Andrew Sinnickson, and an
only son, tlie subject of this memoir.

Col. Robert Gibbon Johnson was the only child of
Robert Johnson and Jane Gibbon, his wife. lie was
born on the Netherland plantation, about one mile
distant from Salem, July 23, 1771.

His early school-days were pa'^sod in Pitt's Grove,
under the care of the Rov. William Sclionck, a Pres-
byterian clcrgyn)itn, wlio planted in the tender mind
intrusted to his care those germs of Christian faith
and Presbyterian polity which in his after-life led to
the ilevelopment of the Presbyterian element in his
native town. He was afterwards ]da^ed under tlie
care of Mr. William Tliompsori, of Newark, Del., and
remained with him until prepared to enter the fresh-
man class in Princeton. The degree of A.B. was con-
ferred upon liim September, 17'J0, by the veneridilc
Dr. John Witherspoon, then president of Princeton
College. He graduated with the intention of jirosc-
cuting the study of the law, but the whole tenor of
his life was at this lime providentially chatiged, and
his ]iarent-) being extensive land-owners, he turned
his attention to agricultural pursuits, which remained
his chosen occup.-ition for half a century.

In tlie twenty-third year of his age he was .ap-
pointed puyma.ster of the Second Regiment of the
New Jersey brigade, commanded by Gen. Joseph
Bloomfield (afterwards Governor of the Slate), to aid
in supiircssiiig the revolt in Western I'eunsylvania,
coiniiionly called the Whiskey Insurrection.

In 1700 he was appointed one of the commissioners
of the loan-office, a position involving great honor
and trust; and in the same year received a commis-
sion from Ricbaril Howell, then Governor of the
State, as captain of a troop of horse; and two years
later, from the same officer, a eommi.ssion as major of
cavalry. His father having died about this time, ho
removed wilh his mother into the town of Salem, and

404

inSTOFvY OF SALK^I COUNXy.

occuj.ioil tlu^ (hvelling of his nialernal <rrc;it-gr:UKi-
faiher, Alcx:iiidor Grant. In 179S lie was iiiarricJ to
Miss Hannali Carnoy. daughter of Tliomas Carney.
Esq., of IViiti's Ncck.ayiiunirlA'.ly of great personal at-
tractions and handsome fortune; and a few years later
built the handsome residence on Market Street, whii.h
he oecupicdduringliiswliolc after-life. His wife dying
young, he again married Miss Juliana K. Zantzinger,
daughter of Paul Zantzinger, Esq., of Lanca^^ter. Pa.,
and granddaughter of Kcv. Thomas Barton. Of his
four ehildren by his fir^t wife, two only survived him,
viz., Anna G. Hubbell, widow of F. W. Hnhbell, Esq.,
of Philadelidiia, and the laleCol. Kobert C. Johnson,
of Salem. In ISOO, Cul. Johnson received from Gov-
ernor Williamson a commission as lieutenant-colonel
of cavalry, and in LSI" the rank of full colonel was
bestowed upon him. In 1^33 he was appointed judge
of the courts of Salem County, a po-sition which lie
held for several terms. He was also for many years
trustee of the college at Newark, Del., and director
and trustee of the theological seminary at Princeton.
He was also a member of the'State Eegislature in IS^-i.

Col. Johnson, while filling public offices, was not
forgetful of the interests of his native town, nor of
his duties as a Christian. For many years of his life
hewius a regular attendant upon the Episcopal Church
in Salem, and contributed to it.s support, and while lie
felt a respect and reverence towards all denominations
that profes.s the name of C'hri^t, his convictions had
for a long time led him to ]>refer the Calvinistic doc-
trines and simplicity of wor.-.hip adopted by the Pres-
byterian form of belief: but it was not until the year
lS2i» that iie, with a few other gentlemen, saw the
pathway open to the formation ol the First Pre.^by-
terian Cluircli in Salem. He donated half an acre of
his ancestral property to the enterprise, and the foun-
dation of a modest church edifice was soon laid. In
the following year (IS.l i the little church was dedi-
cated to the «or<hii> of .\lmighty God. Ho shortly
afterwards connected himself with the church, was
appointed first elder in 1S:.'3, and continued to be its
benefactor. The primeval church has long since dis-
appeared, and given place to a more pretentious Iniild-
ing, in better keeping with the march of improvement,
the spirit of the times, and the iucreiise of t!ie con-
gregation ; but the little "God's Acre," the quiet
resting-place of the sleepers awaiting the resurrection
inorn, will ever remain a monument to the lionorcd
donor.

Col. Johnson has al-o the honor of being the /iri'l
locol hisl'-rian of his native county, and for inaiiy
years the only one.

The ',' History of Salem," by PiOberl G. Johnson,
publi-Jicd in ISiJO, is a standard local work. Although
a small volume, it embraces in a concise manner the
liisiory of over one hundred and fifty years, — from
the year 1C03 to the year ]S30.

The value of this little book cannot be overesti-
mated, for in it Col. Johnson has rescued from ob-

livion many notable facts and incidents, thus leii'l.r-
iiig lliem historic, and giving as a legacy to iuin:,
generations a memorial of the deeds and ineinor!. .
of their ancestry.

He was a born an'iquariaii, and at an era when :i
love and reverence for things and ideas of tiic pii-;
were considered a subject for derision ; but in defi:itiii.'
of the views of his neighbors he collected togillnr
many rare and valuable mamiseripts, which, exn|.;
for his Ibstering care, would have been lost to tl;,.-
present generation. He had long been an ardent anl
enthusiastic advocate of the scheme for forming an
historical society in Xe« Jersey, the conslitutiun .ii'
which was framed in the year lS4o. He was elect, .i
its first vice-president, which office he held until tlu-
time of his death, and he entered heartily into the on-
eration.s and interests of the society, notwithstandiiiL'
liis advancing years. His original biograjiliicn! sketch
of ■' John Feu wick. Chief Proprietor of Salem Teiitli,"
read before a meeting of the Historical Soeicty ai
Eli/abctlitown, in l?-!Ci, is rich in valuable infnrini-
tion and historic incident of those early times wl'in
the beautiful and cultivated State of New Jersey wa-
a teeming wilderne.ss. On this occasion the thank>
of the society were presented to the venerable vice-
president "for his interesting memoir, and for the
e.xample set, so worthy of imitation by all the mem-
bers, of dcvoteduess to the be-l interests of (liu
.society."

He was a most active and generous contributor,
and his donations to the archives were not only valu-
able, but varied and numerous. \Ye may iiutc a very
few of the most curious :

■' John Fcnwick's will, dated .\ug. 7, liiSo."
"Certificate of John Fenwick's membership of the
cliurch whereof Mr. John Goodwin is pastor, Feb. 4,
1649."

" Tliiec original ktlen to John Fenwick from hi^
wife, Mary, bearing dates Aug. 27, and Aug. 31.
1G78, and February, 1G70, London."

" TIk coiin/erp'Cii signed by Penn) of release from
John Fenwick to William Penn of all his interest in
West New Jersey, e.vcepting 150,000 acres, dated
31arcli 23, 10S2."

"Three deeds from tlie Indians to John Fenwick.'
for lands in West New Jersey."

" The grants and eonce?sions of Lords lierkeley and
Carteret to the inhabitants of New Jersey, February.
1GG4-C-5, the original copy on iiarchmeiit, a roll nearly
nine feet long."

" An exemplification at the request of John Fen-
wick, E--q., of the grant from Charles II. to Jallle^.
Duke of Yoik, of New Jersey, beautifully engrossed
on parchment."

This noble life was, however, drawing to a close. lb'
met with the Historical Society at Morristowii during
the fall ses.sion for the last time, and journeyed East-
ward with the intention of visiting friends in Ne"
England; he was seized with a sudden illness, aiii

•i"'..- % AHSitt^-M

J^//^ .'^y<:^^^-^r^i.r.c^'^^'^"

CITY OF SALEM.

•105

bre.itlierl lii< In^t :it Xovv Haven, Couii., September,
IS'iU, aired seventy-nine years, in full eontuienee and
trust in liis Redeemer. He lived to :; ripe old age,
eniovinir moderately srood liealtli.and in ilie tnll visror
of liis mental I'aculties. He was a man of varied
literary tastes and proclivities ; had icatliered aronnd
him a copious and select library, and was in the en-
joyment of ihe friendshii' and constant correspond-
ence of men of kindred spirits, such as Rev. Dr.^.
Miller, Kly. Janeway, and JIurrny. of the Presbyte-
rian Church, Bishop Crocs, and Dr. Staughton. also
Chief Justice Kirkpatrick, Hon. Samuel L. Southard,
Nicliolas Vandyke, and many others, distinsjuisbed in
their various profes>ious and the literary world.

The hospitality and heartfelt, welcome which was
ever to be found within his cheerful man>ion was
freely opened to all, strangers as well as friends, the
rich and the poor, the grave and the gay. IHs kind-
ness and benevolence of heart were well known and
appreciated, and many are still living to whom he
extended the hand of patronage and sympathy. He
was keenly alive and active in the employment of
every means that would rai^e the mental and moral
status of humanity, and as one of the few object.s to-
wards that end, he was one of the chief promoters of
the establishment of a " public library" in Salem,
which has now become <iuite a llourishing institution.
He was also remarkable for his physical culture, and
was during his life a skillful and intrepid equestrian.
Even after he had reached his " threescore years and
ten," he still took great delight in horsemanship, and
rode in the same erect and fearless manner that had
characterized his youth. v

His venerable appearance is still familiar, witli
Ids silvery locks, old-fashioned queue, and rullles, a
style of dress to which he remained attached, and
which seemed so congenial with his dignified mien and
noble bearing ; but his jiersonal attr.ietions lay chiefiy
in his refined and courteous manners, his placid coun-
tenance beaming with that love and charity which
were the gentle rellu.x of his happy Christian spirit.
His rcntains rest wiili those of his forefathers, who
sleep in that beautiful spot dedicated to the repose
of the di;ad which surrounds St. John's Episcopal
Church in Salem.

THO.MA.S ?IXNICKSOX.
Thomas Sinnickson was a lineal descendant of the
seventh generation of Andreas Sinnickson, origin-
ally spelled " S'.'nei.a" (as slated by Companion Holm,
iu hi.s " Hi.story of Xew .Swedcn"j, the original
ancestor of the family in this country. The family
is of Scandinavian origin, and one of the oldest in
the southern section of New Jersey. Tbey emigrated
from Sweden, it is supposed, in 103S. and settled in
Delaware, and subsequently, about 10 1"), came over
into New .Jersey. The lino of descent down to and
including the subject of this sketch is, viz.: Andreas',

Andreas-, Andrew' (whose patronymic, by deed dated
in ](iS.S, is spelled Seni.Ksou;, Sinnick' (by deed in
1730 Sinnickson), Andrew'', Andrew'', and Thomas'.
AiulreasSinnicksou-', followinglhe humaneand honor-
able policy of the Swedes in their treatment of tiie
aborigines, purchased a large tract of land in lh;it sii.-
tiou of the country known under the Indian naaic of
"Obi.squahasit." and now known .as Lower Penn's
Xeck, of the natives about the .above year, 16I>, and
made his settlement thereon. Soop. after the arrival of
•Tohn I'enwick, in lC7ii, to take possession of his tenth
of West Jersey, he secured of the new proprietor a
quit-claim of his tr.ict iu consideration of the payment
of a yearly rental of three shillings. Generation after
generation of the family continued to occupy this and
other lands acquired by them in Penn's Neck, and
some of the desceudantsof the first settler are still iu
possession of portions of the ancestral tract.

From the time of their first settlement the Sinnick-
soiis have manifested the strongest and brightest char-
acteristics of the Scandinavian race, and have held a
prominent and honorable relation to the material,
.social, and educational development of the section
of country iu which they located. Since the early
part of the eighteenth century the representatives of
the family have been engaged not only in agricnltur;il,
but other pursuits in life.

Andrew Sinnickson' held oltice under the colo-
nial government, filled the position of judge of

• the court and justice under George HI., and during
the trying days of the American struggle for inde-
pendence was in earnest synijjathy with the cause of

i liberty and justice. He died Aug. 20, 1790, aged
about seventy years, leaving to his. heirs a large and
valuable landed estate.

Thomas Sinnickson, his eldest .son, performed active
service in the Revolutionary war, and commanded a
company in the Coutinental army. Because of his
writings and bitter oppo.-.ition to British tyranny, he
was outlawed by Lord Howe, and a rewanl offered
for him dcid or alive. At the org.-uiization of the
national government he was a warm supporter of
.\le.\ander Hamilton, and the leader of the Federal
party iu his section during the administration of

, Washington and the elder Adams. Ho frequently
represented Salem County in the State Legislature,
was a member of the First Congress of tlie United
States, which met in Xew York City, and also of
Congress from 1700 to ny.S. For a number of year,;
he was treasurer of Salem County, justice, and judge.
Ho resided during the greater portion of his life in
Salem, where he also engaged in mercantile business.
He left a large real and personal estate. Thomas
Sinnickson, son of Andrew" and Margaret Johnson
Sinnickson, was born on the ancestial estate of his
family iu I>ower Penn's Xeck on Deo. 13, 17S!!, and
died in Salem on Feb. 17, 1.S73. His father was a man

' <if sterling character, an ardent |)atriot during Hu-

1 Revolulion, and during life devoted his altentiuu

400

HISTORY OF SALIJM COUNTY.

solely to the cultivation of his laiuletl estsites. His
mateni.d ancestor, Kic!-.:ird Jolint^on, was one of tlie
earliest colonial judires of Salem County. He re-
ceived only a liniitcil Enelish eihication, .supple-
mented by slifrbl instruction in the Latin lansuage,
and left school at the early age of fourteen. lunter-
inji the store of his uncle, Thomas .Sinnickson. as u
cleric, he remained with him for sever.il years in that
capacity, and subsequently was admitted into part-
nership with him. }le retired from business early
{1810), ilevoting himself durinj; the remainder of his
life t^i the management of his patrimonial property
and to agricultural pursuits, in which he took great
pleasure. During his entire life, aiu-r attaining man-
hood, he held an intiuiutc relation to the development
of the material and social alliiirs of his native county,
holding many positions of trust and responsibility.
He served as the presiding judge, of the Court of
Common Pleas for several years, and also as a judge
of the Court of Errors and Appeals of Xew .lersey,
the highest judicial tribunal of the Slate. He rcpre-
scuted Salem County in the. State Legislature, and
subsequently as a member of the National Congress
at Washington. He was possessed of a fine physique
and strong nerve, for which he was largely imlebted
to his .'icaniliuavian ancestry. His judgment in both
public and i)rivatc alliiirs was excellent, and he acted
as the adviser of many of his friends, and as trustee,
guardian, and administrator of sevend estates. He
was a man of strict honor and integrity, a consistent
member and judicious officer of St. John's Episcopal
Church of Salem for many years, and was held in
general respect and esteem throughout a long and
busy life. Politically, he was one of the leaders of
the old Federal party in Salem County for many
year-, and subsequently an eminent Whig and Re-
publican, and a warm sup|)orter of the Union cause
during the second national struggle for independence.
He married, Oct. 1<. 1310, Elizabeth, daughter of
John and Mary I'.rinton Jacobs, of Cliester Cuunty,
Pa. She was born Aug. 3, 178G, and died Aug. lit,
1849. Their children wore Dr. John J.; Margaret,
who married Thomas J. Yorke, of Srileni ; Cliarle-.
for many years a coal merchant in Philadelpliia;
and Andrew, a well-known and respected lawyer in
Salem.

ciiAULi:; pKuniN- smith.

Chark-s Perriii Smitli, late of Trenton, N. J., where
lie resided for more than a quarter of a century, was
born in the city of Philadelphia. His father, George
Wishart Smith, of Virginia, married Hannah Carpen-
ter Eilet, of Salem County, N'. J. At the period of his
marriage he was a resident of Talbot County, Md.,
but subsequently removed to Philaib-lphia, where his
demise shortly occurred. His mother returned to
Salem, N. J., where she continued to reside until the
cloic of life.

Mr. Smith's paternal branch desoends from the

fonnders of the commonwealth of Virginia. Tlipy
intermarried with the Calverts, Singletons, M()seley>.
Dudleys, Hancocks, Lands, Scantlings, Perrin-, ^\'iMl-
arts. and otlur prominent I'amilies.

George Wishart Smith was the son of l\iriii
Sn)ith and Margaret Wisliart. His grandparents
were Charles Smith and iLargaret Perrin. The origin
of the Perrins of Virginia is associated with the
Huguenot colotiy of that State. Samuel, eldest
brother of Gen. George Washington, married the
widow of a Virginia Perrin.

The Wisharts were early in the colony. Margaret
Wishart's brother Thomas lost his life in the army
of the Revolution, and another brother, George, was
captured by tlie enemy and never returned. Perrin
Smith sullered greatly in the destruction of iirojicrty
by the conllagration of Norfolk, the despoiling of his
plantation, and the carrying away of his negroes by
the Hritish .".nd refugees. George Wishart Smith was
an officer in the Maryland line during the war of
1S12-U', and actively engaged in ]e?isting the enemy
on the shores of the Chesapeake Piay and their ad-
vance upon Baltimore. He took part at the head of
his command in the repulse of the enemy at St.
Michael's, by which action that part of the Slate was
relieved from further invasion.

Hannah Car[ienier ElUt, mother of the subject of
this sketch, on her paternal side was a direct desceiid-
ant of Governor Thomas Lloyd and Samuel Car-
penter, two of Pcnu's most distinguished coadjutors
and intimate friends (ride "Lloyd and Carpenter
Lineage," Watson's Annals, Proud's History, etc.).
The former was the first President of Council and
Governor for about nine years, or as long as ho wouM
serve; and the latter treasurer of the province, mem-
ber of Council, and fir-t shipping merchant of Phil-
ailelphia. Watson .says, "Tlie name of Samuel
Carpenter is connected with everything of a public-
nature in the early annals of Pennsylvania; I have
seen his name at every turn in .searching the records.
He was the Stephen Girard of lii= day in we.iltli,
and the William Sansotn in the improvements he
suggested and the edifices which he built. . . . ITc
was one of the greatest improvers and builders in
Philadelphia, and after William JVnn the weaUliiest
man in the i>rovince."

Governor Thomas Lloyd was an eminent member
of the Society of Friends, who left Wales on account
of religious j.er.secution. and, with his family, joined
Penn in the colonization of Pcniisylvania. He wa-
po.ssessed of very superior attainments, !iiid enjoyed
the advantages of collegiate education at O.xford
University. His mother was Elizabeth Stanley, of the
distingui.-^hed Stanley-Derby family; and hi.s fatln':',
Charles Lloyd, of Dolobran, a descendant of Aktb,
Prince of Dyfed, and tlic long line of lUitish princes.
whose recnrcJs, yet extriiit, on the column of Eliseg.
date b.ack to the middle of the sixth century ('.■''■'
lUirke's Genealogy, Pov,-ys!aiid lli.-tori'jal Colitction,

..Gc^L^p^ (^-^£-1^^^^^^ 0?^?n..c^^h\

CITY 01- SALEM.

407

etc.''. Their alliance witli Norman Earls, the I.onls
IV CharletoDs ami I'owys, was throusih Sir Uogci
Kyii:u=ton. knight, and his wife, L.a<ly Elizabeth Grey ;
and with Huiii|ihrcy Phintagenct, DiikeoiOloucosler,
thron?h his daiijrhter Antigone, wife of Sir Henry
<;rey. Earl of Tankerville and Ponys. and mother
<,f Laily Elizabeth Kyiiaston. The Lloyds were also
do-ccndcd through the Greys, De Charlctons, and
Holland^, Dukes of Kent, from Margaret, daughter
of riiilip le Hardie, King of France, and queen of
Edward L of England. Their genealogy, as jire-
tontcd in the Kynaston (Hardwick) pedigree, Mont-
gomeryshire Historical Collection, etc. (transferred
To the Lloyd and Car(«eiiter Lineagel, seems com-
plete as it is unchallenged. The Lloyd of Dolobran
shield of arms (IGoOl displays fifteen quartcrings, im-
jialitig the Stanley arms of si.\ quarterings {vide au-
totype copy in " Powysland Collection," vol. i.\. page
339). The aunals of the race abound with references
to Crusaders, knights banneret, the battle-fields of
Au'incourt, Poictiers, Creey, and many other events
illustrating the most brilliant chapters of English
liistory.

Governor Thomas Lloyd's daughter Kachel mar-
ried Samuel Preston, of JLiryland, but who was mayor
of Philadelphia in ITU. Theirdaughter Hannah mar-
ried .Samuel, eldest son of Samuel Carpenter, Pcun's
coadjutor. Thence tlirough the l^llet^, recently of
engineering and ram-tlect fame, to Hannah Carpenter
I'llel, mother of the subject of this sketch.

Hannah Car]>enter Ellet's maternal branch de-
scends from John Smith, Eenwick's colleague in the
settlement of West Jersey, a niiiu of large posses-
sions. He is said to have also been one of Fenwick's
executors. Thus the family is historically descended
from the founders of three American States, Virginia,
Pennsylvatiia, and New Jersey. With this prelimi-
nary reference to its origin, we will proceed to give a
summary of the life of one of its descendants.

The subject of this sketch removed to Salem, N. J.,
at an early age, where he became ihoroughly identi-
fied with the community. The considerable means
inherited were placed by the executor in the Bank of
Maryland at Pjalrimore, and in the course of a few
days h>A by the total failure of ihat'in-iitution. The
tenor of his life was thereby changed, and lie w.is
thrown upon his own e.Kertions for a livelihood. Dur-
ing his minority he enjoyed the social and educational
advantages of the community ; he accustomed himself
to writing for the pre-s, and was ofticially connected
with the Lyceum, at that period scarcely inlVrior to
any in^-titution of the kind in tiie State. Whatever,
under Providence, he subsequently achieved was
through indomitable zeal and self-reliance, prompted
by conscientious appreciation of duly. Upon attain-
ing his majority he became editor and projirietor of
the XaHonnl Si-in-lonl, anrl also soon aUerwanls of the
Jfnrfifoui'tn. Through industry and jjcrseverance,
without either t'liiancial or editorial assistance, he

achieved success, and liquidated the iiicuinbrance
upon his establishment. He fully participated in the
enthusiasm and duties of the Harrison Presidential
campaign. Among other measures he earnestly ad-
vocated the policy of encouraging manufacturos in
Salem, the erection of the lunatic asylum at Trenton,
the abolition of imprisonment for debt, the n\ore
thorough establishment of commou schools, and fur-
nishing of relief and employment to the poor. He
availed himself of every occasion to inculcate prin-
ciples of temperance and morality. He was origin-
ator am! prc:>ideiit of the Whig .Association of Salem,
took a prominent part in organizing the Salem Insur-
ance Company, and also the Building Association (of
each of which he became a director), and the first to
itdvocate the fornjalion of the County Agricultural
Society, of which he was the secretary. His almost
unanimous election .as member of the board of free-
holders, and appointment as director in a Dcr.iocratic
city, was deemed no ordinary compliment. He was
captain of the National Guards, at the time the only
military organization south of Trenton, and also
judge-advocate of the Salem Urigade. At the period
of the lamine in Ireland he recommended the estab-
lishment of au eflicient relief committee, and fully
identified himself with all elibrts in achieving suli-
stantial results. During the war with ilcxico he ad-
vocared furnishing troops and .supplies to compa-r an
early and honorable pe.ace.

lu 1S43 he w.as united in marriage with Hester \.,
daughter of Matthew Driver, Esq.,of Caroline County.
Md. In 1S44 the editor of the S/amlard was con-
fronted by a formidable opposition, upon which v.as
conferred all the oflicial patronage of the county, but
it had thcefl'eclof developingadditional energies, and
eventually extending the influence and prosperity of
his journal. His advocacy of political principles was
enthusiastic; the county, which had previously been
regarded as very doubtful, became reliable, and for
seven years followed the lead of the Sfn/id'trJ. 'J'lie
editor was ever desirous of moderation, but he de-
clined no challenge, and when necessary his blows
were trenchant and ellectual. He served on the
' Whig County Committee for about eleven years, and
wiienever important or diliicult work was to be accom-
plished he hesitated not to assume the burden and
responsibility, let who might hold back. Many aits
indicative of zeal and energy might be adduced, but
lack of space forbiils. When an alleged alliance be-
tween the Democrats and managers of the leading
railroad corporation of the Stale became apparent by
the nomination of John K. Thomson for Governor,
' the Standard wa.s the first to sound a general alarm,
! and seconded by the Whig press, a furor of opposition
was raised, which resulted not only iu Mr. Thomson's
defeat, but in placing every branch of the State gov-
ernment in the hands of the Whig party. Never was
there a victory more complete.

It was during an .mnaal visit to the sea-shore, in

408

HISTORY OF SALEM COUXTY.

lS-17, that he gathered a large nniount of valuable
iiiformaiioii in rereronce to llic tlion exceeiliivjly
ineUk-ieiit coiulitioii of the so-callo'.i iife-saviiig ser-
vice. It was dcpoiulcut upo!i volunteer boat crews,
imperfect apparatus, and widely-frnttered stations.
Mr. Sniitli'sstatetnents, based upon faets tliiis directly
obtained from practical surfmcn, were iinblislied in
New Jersey, Pliiladelphia. and elsewhere, and there
are reasonable grounds for the opinion that the re-
newed interest and favorable action of Congress,
which soon afterwards followed, was measurably pro-
moted through this agency. He also, the same year
{1S17), wrote and published articles in favor of the
construction of a railroad from Salem to Philadel|>hia.

Accepting tiie advice of personal and political
friends, he permitted his name to be jiresenteil to the
Whig County Convention of ISIS in connection with
the nomination to the surrogacy. He was unex-
pectedly and strongly, but unsuccessfully, opposed in
convention by the influential chairman of the Whig
County Committee, who was himself the only other
candidate for the nomination. This opi>osition was :
carried into the canvass, and greatly aided the Demo- ;
cratic candidate. Thus in the usually closely con-
tested county, and the totiil Jibsence of party means
and appliances, the threats and predictions of the •
chairman of the committee and his especial parly
allies were but ton well founded. Notwithstanding
these discouragements the candidate jierformed his
entire duty. He was defeated by an exceedingly
small majority, "with his back to the rock and his
face to the foe." It was generally admitted that he
sufiered neitiier in influence or reputation. The vote
east for him was, with but two exceptions, the largest
ever before cast for any candidate in the county.

In IS-il he reliied from the editorial profession, but
his interest and exertions to forward public measures
were in no manner abated. About this time he made
ji tour of some six thousand miles through the We-'t
and Northwest, of which he jniblished a grajdiic ac-
count, replete with statistics and other valuable in-
formation. It was at the period of organizing the
Territorial government of Minnesota, under Governor
Ramsey, when the Indians were aggressive, and evi-
dences of civilization beyond St. Paul very few. At
the First District Convention of lioi he was urged
to accept the nomination for Congress, and notwith-
standing the fact that he was not nor could not be a
candidate, Salen) County cast for him all of her votes.

Still further impressed with the importance and
feasibility of developing the resources of West Jersey
by the construction of a railroad, he resumed his ad-
vocacy of t!io measure by writing and publishing a
scries of carefully prepared articles. These he fol-
lowed by calling a public meeting '.ntire/i/ upon Ion
o>rr> rc^pon-'ibUltij. It required great cfl'ori to command
success. He was secretary of llie meeting, and aUo
chairman of a comniittee charged n itii the duty of
holding meetings in other counties of the district. '

He continued to publish articles in advocacy of th ■■
measure. At one of tiie subsequent meetings, bofm.
invitations had been issued for stock siibscrintio;i>.
the Camden and Amboy Kailroad Company, through
its agents, assunieil charge of the enterprise. UimKi
their auspices followed not only the divergcmeiit oi'
the route without regard to the interests of Salep.i. —
a divergement which left that city lar in the rear of
other towns, — but a clear and successful elTort to u^>
the influence thus acquired for ulterior pur|)oses. Ir
was generally understood that such of the members
of thesnbsequent Legislature who aided in forwardiiiL'
those purposes by their votes would be rewarded by
re-election. Accordingly, Senator Wallace was re-
nominated by the Democrats of Salem County; the
Temperance party, fanned into unusual activity.
nominated a wealthy merchant and practiced iniblio
speaker, and the subject of tiiis sketch (who had been
vigorously proscribed by railroad influence, and for
a long period withstood the assaults of six compliant
news|)apers^ was unanimously nominated by the
Whigs and National Americans on the first ballot.
He had noas])irntions for the position, but was williiiL'
to join issue against these formidable odds to test pub-
lie sentiment. Besides the above-mentioned influ-
ences, he had to contend with the o))position of Whig
railroad adherents and the so-called "Native .\iner-
icaus," who inctiectually opposed his nomination in
convention. The W'hig County Committee was also
so greatly influenced by railroad interests that they
either rendered tlie organization inoperative or ag-
gressive. The election followed, and victory won !
Against the Whig senatorial candidate broke the full
force of the tempest. 'J'he vole of the Democratic
city of Salem was particularly gratifying. His ma-
jority there was tuice m lanje as ever hi/ore cait for an;/
rciinli'kife Kiidcr any circums/aiiccx. The '" History of
the West Jersey Railroad" (Camdeu, 1 868), of a semi-
otlieial character, while seeniincly willing to ignore
outside intluences, states, " Mr. Charles P. Smith, t x-
editor of the Stan-Jard, took a very active ])art in the
incipient movements, acting as secretary of the first
meeting," etc. Again, "The series of articles calling
attention to the subject were written by Mr. Charles
P. Smith." . . . "Mr. Smith also called the meeting
on his own responsibility." Also, " Mr. Charles P.
Smith, when senator, gave the matter (the Salem
branchi his personal attention, and his name appears
as one of the corporators." T After the lapse of many
years it has at length been found ncctss-ary to adopt
very nearly the same route contemplated by the <irig-
iual friends of the road.]

Upon t!ie meeting of the Legislature, Mr. Smith,
at the request of the " 0|>position" caucus, rejiaired
to the " Native American" conference, and after many
hours' exertion retired, accouipani''d by a member of
Assembly from Cumberland and another from Salem,
thus afl'ordiiig the Opposilioti the requJ-.ite majority to
elect Mr. Parry Sjicaker, and .secure all the otiier olii-

CITY OF SALE.M.

409

cials of AsscniWy. Tliis was tlie senator's first service
ill Trenton. He hesitated not to risk liis status in
(ho party as tlie only nie.ms of st<ciirin.>r for it a sub-
«;anlia! iriiimph. In tlic Senate iie was assigned po-
siiions on tlie educational committee and treasurer's
accounts. As there «:is no comptroller, liis duties in ;
the treasury were arduous and responsible. It was
measurabiy throu".'!! his influence as a member of the '
educational committee that the bill to establish the '
.^tate Normal School was reported and passed. At
the ensuini; se.*sion his services were equally eflicient
in saving the measure from repeal. .Vinong his most
important bills were those against bribery at elec-
tions, and ]iroviding eniployn)ent for the poor. He ,
cariK-stly advocated the construction of tlie ".\ir-
Line Railroad," not in opposition to any other cor-
poration, but as necessary to the development of the '
interior of the State. The measure had been sanc-
tioned by the Assembly, and after much opposition '
obtained a footing in the Senate. When the time for
final action arrived the Senate chamber was densely
crowded by officials and attaches of the Joint com-
panies; the Assembly was nearly deserted, and the
Speaker upon invitation took his seat at the side of
the president of the ."^enate. There were but three ■
avowed friends of the measure among the senators,
aiid it became necessary for the -icnator from Salem to
adv<K-ate the bill. Senator Franklin was selected to
reply, but after a few sentences he advanced across the
chamber, and taking the senator from Salem by the
liand, complimented him on the success of his effort.
The vote stood nine for the bill, lacking hut two of a
majority. In this contest the ine.Kperienced senator
from Salem was combated for many weeks by not only
the i>ersonal clTorts of the railro.".d managei-s and at-
torneys, but all other iulluences and appliances usual
on such occasions. He was without any e.vtraiieous
assistance, and not even acquainted with the corpora-
tors named in the bill.

The senator from Salem declined following the lead
of special bank agents, having twenty-one applica-
tions for recharters in charge, but discriminated in
favor of localities where banks were un<)uestionably
required. He was chairman of a committee to inves-
tigate charges of bribery, and he introduced and .se-
cured the passage of a bill to equalize the price of
imblic printing with that paid throughout the State.
-Vnother of his measures was the enactment of the
charter of the Salem IJranch of the West .Jersey Rail-
road, the only route then permitted by the controll-
ing influences of the Legislature. He introduced
resolutions and was chairman of a joint committee to
ascertain and recommend measures for the better pro-
tection of life and property on the coast, and opened
correspondence with the Governors of the sea-board
Slates to secure their influence with the general gov-
ernment. He also collected an additional amount of
information in regard to the requiremoius of the ser-
vice from practical men residing near their coast.

This he embodied in a report, including full consid-
eration of the subject of erecting a breakwater on
Crow Shoal, near the mouth of Dolavvaie liay. The
re|>ort was published in W.i-hington and elsewhere,
and attracted the attention of government. Most of
the suggestions were subsequent ly adopted.

As somewhat indicative of influence and industry.
it may be stated that during his senatorial term he
secured the enactment of twenty-one laws, V>esides the
adoption of various resolutions, all introduced by
himself. He was also instrumental in securing the
passage of measures introduced by oth.^rs. Among
the subjects in reference to which he addressed the
Senate were the I'rcquent exercise of the veto, bribery
at elections, the Air-Line Railroad, the popular refer-
ence temperance bill, the printing bill, a bill to protect
traders against absconding shipmasters, and the in-
discriminate chartering of banks. His remarks v.-ere
generally publisheil throughout the State.

In 1856 he wasai)pointed a member of the Xational
American State Committee. The same year, as a deh?-
gate to the " Fusion State Convention" and a moinl>cr
of the committee to select permanent officers, ho nomi-
nated and, against determined opposition, succeeiled
in reporting Hon. William L. Dayton as president of
the convention. Mr. Dayton's decidedly R-'piihUnin
speech on taking the chair first turned the attention
of the Republican party to him as an available can-
didate for the Vice-Presidency, and he was soon
afterwards nominated.

In the course of the legislative session of lS-57,
Governor Xewell nominated Hon. William L. Dayton
for the ])Ositioii of attorney -general, and the subject of
this sketch as clerk of the SiipriMnc Court, — the
former as a Republican, and the latter as a Whig and
National American. He removed to Trenton in I'^'ir,
where the oath of oflice was administered by Chief
Justice Henry W. Green. This terminated Mr.
Smith's senatorial duties. His record indicates that
his consistency and integrity of purpose were fully
mainlained ; and it is scarcely ncce-sary to say that
during the remarkable period he was not overawed
by threats or swerved by favors.

In 1S59, Mr. Smith was appointed a member of tlif
"Opposition" State Executive Committee. His col-
leagues were Richard S. Field, Jacob W. Miller, John
P. Jackson, George S. Green, .Yndrew 1\. Hay, Bar-
ker Gummere, and Edward K. Rogers. He was suc-
cessively reappointed (with the exception of one year
when he declined) for ten years, most of the time lin-
ing the ])osition of chairman of the committee. The
term included the entire period of the war of the Re-
bellion, and involved a degree of labor and responsi-
bility which few were willing to share.

In ISoOa mi-eting was called at New Brun-uick
by the " Native Americans" to select time and place
for nominating ati independent gubernatorial candi-
date. This meant the defeat of Governor Olden and
election of the Democratic candidate. !Mr. Siuiiii

410

HISTORY OF SALKM COUNTY,

Ueteriniiied, against strong protestations, to attend
and influence llic action of thi? convention. Uc
planned tlie niovonient, summoned his friends, re-
paired to Now lirunswick, and alter a viL,'orous and
exciting contest adjourned to Trenton, wl\ere tlioy
finally succeeded in securing the indorsement of Mr.
Olden, the " Ojiposition" candidate. A portion of
the " Americans" reassemWed and nominated Tetcr
I. Clark, who, in reply to a letter addressed to hitii
by Mr. Smith, gavi- his unqualified ailliesion to Mr.
Olden. Governor (.)lden was elected, and became the
war Governor of New Jersey. Defeat iu preliminary
measures would have brought Mr. Smith's political
career to a close; and Xew Jersey might have proved •
anything hut loyal in the great emergency which so
.■soon followed. The State Gazette at that time did not ,
hesitate to acknowledge the obligation the Oi)posiiion
party of tiie State was under to Mr. Smith and his !
colleagues, who had achieved this important service.

Prior to tlie assembling of the Cliicago Convention •
in 1860 there was a determined etVort made in New
Jersey to obtain delegates in favor of William H. ,
Seward for the Presidency. Mr. Smith, deeming it j
impossible to attain success with this candidate, con-
ceived the plan of influencing the- Str'ie Convention
in favor of Mr. l)ayton, and thus holding the vote of
the State until it could be made available in behalf
of some other candidate. lie submitted the plan to
Mr. Thomas U. Dudley, who agreed to co-operate,
and it was successfully carried out. Had it not been
for this incipient movement in New Jersey, and its
heroic consummation by Mr. Dudley at Chicago, Mr.
Seward would certainly have been nominated, and
almost as certainly defeated. President Lincoln
recognized New Jersey's services by nominating Mr.
Dayton as Minister to France, and Mr. Dudley as
consul at Liverpool. All the details of this matter
have hitherto been published, and their correctness in
every respect is unimpeached.

Governor Xewell's administration was confronted
by a iiostile Senate, who refused to confirm his sev-
eral nominations for the position of chancellor, and
for a year the State was without an ofticial of that
description. Mr. Smith, on his own rcspcmsibility,
suggested the name of Chief Justice Green for the
positiiMi, obtained his assent, and paved the way for
confirnmtion through his intimacy with Mr. Herring,
president of the Senate. At the ensuing session joint
resolutions amendatory of the Con.^iilution, proviiling
for the abolition of the Court of Chancery, the elec-
tion of the judiciary and State oiUcials by the people,
and possibly other radical changers, were not only
sanctioned by the Senate, but reached the third read-
ing in the Assembly. The defeat of this measure
was brought about through Mr. Smith's tact and en-
ergy after all others had abandoned opposition as
futile. He also initiated the proceedings, and as-
sisted very fully in carrying out tlic details, v,-liicl: re-
sulted not onlv in the dis<:omfiLure of the- " .Vativc

American" factionists of the First Di-^trict, but iu
securing for Mr. Lincoln's adminisu.ilion a I'uif.ii
repri-sentative in Congress.

Mr. Smith's duty at the outhrenk of the Rebellion
wa-i clearly defined, lie was an ardent friei'.d of t!u-
Union from the first, ollcring resolutions in the City
Hall meetings as early as January, ISGl, calling u]i.)ii
the goversiment to vindicate its authority and adopt
stringent measures to save the Union. He employed
liis entire personal and oliicial intlueuce in encour-
aging the wavering, calling public meetings, and ap-
pealing to the patriotism of the people through the
medium of the press. When Mr. Lincoln paused -.a
Trenton on his way to be inaugurated in Washing-
ton, Mr. Smith was selected to take charge of tlu-
oflicial delegation from Philadelphia, and he otlur-
wise fully participati-d in the ceremonies at the Slate
cajiital.

On the 16th of A]iril, ISOl, Mr. Smith formally
addressed a letter to Governor Olden, earnestly prof-
fering his services to the Stale and nation for aw;
(lilt;/ whereby they could best be rendered available.
The Governor accepted bis ofl'er, and i)romised em-
ployment. It having trans|)ircd that Fort Dela-
ware was liable to be captured by disloyali.-t^, Mr.
Smith was dispatched to Philadelphia to take such
action in arousing the authorities as he might deem
necessary. Through his representations, based on
information of a reliable nature transmitted to liii-i
I the fort was garrisoned by the Commonwealth Ar-
tillery, and the danger averted. He also jirocurol
tents for the unsheltered regiments through C. :i.
Patterson, and medical and surgical supplies tliroii.';i
(ien. Wool. The following service was referred t ■
I by the adjutant-general in bis annual report: -Mi.
; Smith was hastily dispatched to Xew York, an !
under extraordinary circumstances procured neatlv
twenty-five thousand rounds of musket-ball cartvidge-
and one hundred thousand percussion-caps for tin
four regiments already en rontr for the scat of «' "■•
and placed it on board the flotilla at midnight duri'- '
the jirevalence of a severe storm. The ammuniii""
transportation, etc., were only obtained through nv'-
persistent eil'orts, and solely iipnn his pcrsoiint rt?/'/""-
i l/ilil;/, at a period when neither the New York author.-
ties or railroad companies would extend credit to I'l
Stale. He was frequently dispatched to Ne«"i''*-
Philadelphia, and Washington on important mis?i" ••
passing down the Polomac in front of the eiiC"'.' '
batteries, visiting our camps iii Virginia, ami. ■
brief, proceeding everywhere and doing evcrytl.i -
required of him. He made a midnight trip to W •'•■■■
ington while the enemy were crossing the Pot"«i •
above that city, and rumors of burning bridges :-
cavalry raids were rife along the route, and he d;-'
gardcd warnings to leive Washington while tl '
was yet time until he had faithfully performed : ■
duty. His visits to the War Department were/ "
nently successful, and on one orcasion, »■■ iiiion ■'

CITY OF SALEM.

411

111' saved for tlie Stuto seventy-live tliouriaiul dollars
tliroiigli tact and eiier::y in olilaiiiing iuleivie"-' «itli
i!ic Secretary of War at critical and scensin^ly ini-
|M-)^sible periods. Those journeys were irenerally
./■■niici- rctfor/.^, and were always pncces-?ful. Governor
(ilden, in expressing his acknowledgments, emi^hat-
ically remarked, " You have performed for the Slate
iiiiporlant service, and relieved my mind of i^reat
nn-Kicty;" and again he w.ts characterized in the
r.xccutive Deparlnient as one who never failed.
Among other services he was instruinental, at the
nqucst of the Governor, in retaining He.xamer's
famous battery in the service of the State after it had
resolved, and wa.s already striking tents, to take ser-
vice in Xew Y'ork. A very brief delay, and the lieroic
record of this battery would not now form one of the
most brilliant chapters in the military history of the
.State.

Mr. Smith was a member of an im|iortant com-
mittee of the great Sanitary Fair in Pliiiadelpliia, a
ineniher of the Camden .Auxiliary Sanitary Conimit-
ise, and, under appointment, organizer of the Trenton
branch of the Xew Jersey Sanitary Commission. As
indicative of Governor OKIen's confidence, lie in-
tiiisted to him the nomination of officers for one of
the best regiments raised in West Jersey, and he
named all, save chaplain and surgeon, from colonel
to tiuarterniaster's sergeant. His recommendations
for other ngimcnls were invariably successful, and
not a few of our gallant officers were indebted to him
for substantial favors. In addition to his official and
political duties, he accepted command of the Trenton
.\rtillery, a well-dibciplined coro^. raised at the State
capital for any emergency. It was at that time the
only organization of the kind in the State, and it is
i-carcely nece.-sary to add that the members were not
only highly patriotic, but in full accord with Gov-
ernor Olden's administration. .\ssisted by Mr.
Joshua Jonc~, he organized the Union League of
Trenton, and his efforts to sustain it were unceasing.
His name is the first on the roll of about oncthou.«and ,
members, and at times he fdled nearly every official
position. Jlr. Smith Wiis also vice-president of the
State Loyal League, and frequently for a consider-
able period performing e.xecutive duties of that im-
portant association. It is unnecessary to refer more
particularly to his services, suffice it to say he re-
•^pondcd to every call, and assumed every responsi-
hility required. They were performed unostenta-
tiously, without the stimulus of promotion, public
recognition, or reward of any kind, save the conscious-
ness of patriotic duty; and it muj properly be stated
that all the expenses incurred were discharged from
•li-i private means, the State not even having been
asked or expected to furnish traveling commutation.
At the d.irkcst j)eriod of tiie war, when the most con-
fident doubted a favorable rc-ult, prompted alone by
[■alriotic motives, lie inve'ed all of his available
means in guvtrn men t funds. >

III 1.SC2, Governor CiUlcn renominated Mr. Smith, as
a Union man, to the position of clerk of the Supreme
Court, assuring him he had enUrtained no otlicr pur-
pose from the first.

The clo-e of the rtobellion found the I'nio:i party
in greatly improved condition, not only on account
of the return of the soldiers, but the t'daf ever at-
tendant upon success. Mr. Smith originated the i>lan,
and carried it fully into elfect, of collecting the names
and address of eight thousand doubtful voiers, to each
of whom he personally addressed, through the mail,
most patriotic appeals. lie also effected a perfect
orflaiiha/ioii of the party by the selection of an ap-
proved committee in every ward and township of the
State. .\t the ensuing gubernatorial convention Mar-
cus L. Ward was nominated against great op|)osition.
During the canvass the chairman of the State Com-
mittee, in the performance of undoubted duty, found
it necessary to assume a position which, however
prejudicial it may have been to his personal interests,
umiuestionably insured Mr. Ward's election and saved
the party, whereupon those who had failed to co-
operate with him demanded his siipersedure as clerk
of the Supreme Court. The gage thus cast down by
what had become a powerful ofEcial oligarchy was
taken up without a moment's hesitation. Wliethor it
was the unusual spectacle of an individual contend-
ing single-handed against the combined official in-
fluence of the State, or from whatever cause, it soon
transpired that the mass of the Union party and the
legal profession, whom be had so long served, v.-ere
unmistakably in accord with him. In due time his
testimonials were forwarded to Governor Ward.
Tliey embraced (with but three exceptions) the uwini-
U10U9 recommendation by counties of the bar of the
State, irrespective of party afliliation, the unaniifwus
recommendation of the Union editors of the State,
the cordial recommendation of the bankers, manu-
facturers, merchants, and citizens of Trenton; also
of the senators and members of Assembly of the
First Congressional District and i!ie county of Mer-
cer, the most prominent Union men and o.fficials of
various counties, and of every townsiiip of Salem
County en utafxe; the uiKiniinoiis recommendations of
the justices of the Supreme Court and judges of the
Court of Errors, of the State and City Union Leagues,
the Union State Executive Committees, etc. Included
in the testimonials were tho^re of the chief ju?tice,
chancellor and two ex-chancellors, six ex-Governors
and three prospective Governors, ex-United Stales
senators, and, in brief, every possible influence save
that which had combined to effect his supersediire.
These testimonials substantially bound are chcri^licd
with honest pride as a 'liplouin for the faithful jier-
fonnance of responsible duties, and far more accei't-
able than the relcution of any official or politi^'al
position. They are remarkable for containing the
autographs of nearly every member of the bar, the
entile judiciary, ami eveiy Union editor of the State

412

HISTORY OF SALEM COUNTY.

al ail exccodiii<rly interesting periotl of lier history.
Tiieir prcseiitatiim to tLe Governor \v.i,s followed by
a siiisrle Interview, aiul that by renouiination and
unanimous eonfirniation. The K'publican parly now
had control of crrnj Ir-Tucl, of tl-c SkiU •jnvcTnmcn' .
It wa? eni|)liati(.'ally at tlip zenith of jiowcr, and under
ordiniry circnnistances the supremacy might have
been indefinitely projonjrcd. The chairman of the
Stale Executive Committee, after repeated and dis-
heartenin;* eflbrts to discharge his duty lo regular
gubernatorial and congressional candidates, against
not only entire lack of co-operation, but positive ob-
struction on the |>art of those who assumed lo control
the iridnence while they avoided the responsibilities
of the parly, rejieatedly but inert'ectually tendered
his resignation. In no manner is he lo be held re-
sponsible for the dl^asters which subseiiuently ensued.

Among other duties discharged by him was that of
taking charge of and entertaining Secretary of Slate
Seward, Private .Secretary Lincoln, and others of the
government committee on the occasion of the recep-
tion of Minister Dayton's remains on their arrival
from Knrope.

Mr. Smith was appointed and look charge of the
ceremonies incident to entertaining and escorting the
delegation of loyal Southerners through N'ew Jersey;
and in ISR.} he was chairman of two imprutant com-
mittees lo receive anil entertain the returning soldiers
at a grand banquet in Trenton. He also, through
the medium of tlie press and a public mecling, en-
tirely on liis own responsibility, broke the l(e|)ublican
legislative caucus, and prevented the annexation of
Mercer County to a hopeless Democratic congres-
sional district. To this entirely unselfish act the
Kejiublicans are indebted for sub-equent success in
tlie .Second District. Immediately after the disas-
trous eleclion of November, 1867, .Mr. Smith assumed
the rcponsibility (although not that year a member
of the committee) of inaugurating a movement in
favor of the nomination of Gen. Grant for the Presi-
dency. The oliject was to re-establish eonlidence in
the thoroughly demoralized parly. The movement
met with considcr.ible ojjposilion, and was denounced
by correspondents of the New York press. Mr.
Smith struggled against all obstacles, performed per-
sonally nearly all of the details of duty, and achieved
great success. TheTrenlon Opera-llouse was crowded
by an audience of fifteen hundred, and the programme
fully carried out. Gen. Grant then and there unques-
tionably received his first nomination for the Presi-
dency. It is unneccs^sary lo follow the subject of tliis
bkctch through a period of subsequent efforts to main-
tain the succe.-= and integrity of the party. His term
as clerk of the Supreme Court having expired in
1S72, he gladly relinquished the jiosition (the duties
of wliicb had increased fivefold) to a Democratic
Bucccs'sor, thus yielding to the fate of war, but not to
injustice. Every department of his intricate and re-
sponsible office was left in perfect order.

The passage of the act for compulsory educati.i-,
and the last and seemingly impossible vole requi»ii
to sustain Governor Redle's veto of a bill invohii j
the unnecessary expenditure of several millions .,:
dollars, are due la Mr. Smitli"s clforts. He was al-.
appointed to succeed Governor Olden as one of tli,-
commissioners to enlarge the State-House. .Vlthoii-.-li
ihe appropriation was exceedingly small, the ediiic.
was not only substantially constructed, but an iinc\.
pended balance of apiiropriation returned to the tro.i-
uiy. The commissioners received no compensatio.j,
but were commended by the Governor in his aniiu .i
message. He also )iarl!cipatcd in the Centemii.!!
celebration in Trenton; the plan and, with incideiit;.
aid, most of the details (except those especially per-
taining to the ladies) were intrusted lo him. Tli.
affair was regarded as the most brilliant and succc---
fnl of the kind ever attempted in the Slate.

Mr. Smith's early editorial training wedded him i i
the pen, and in his leisure hours he gladly tunu-.:
to literature. Besides contributing to the press, li.
has achieved literary repiit.ilion in this country aiil
Great Britain, .\mong Haltering recognitions may b.
mentioned his election as a member of the distin-
guished Powysland Historical Society of Wales, cor-
responding member of the New England Ilistoi ic an.l
(lenealogica! Society of Boston, and honorary mem-
ber of the Historical Society of Penn-^ylvania. Many
of the principal colleges and ijublic libraries soliciic'!
and received copies of his historical, gencalogici!.
and biographical works. He visited Wales in re-
sponse to cordial invitation from the secretary of ll,i-
I'owysland Socicly, and was entertained and con-
ducted through the most atlractive ijortions of th:.t
beautiful and historically interesting country. Hv
has been remembered a« a friend by the soldiers, wh'i
have made him honorary member of several of their
associations, and decorated him with their badges; and
on personal grounds he was tendered the position o!'
aide-de-camp by the Governor.

After retiring from ofiice he twice made exleii>ivf
tours through the most interesting jjortionsof f^uropf
fof which he publi<hed accounts), and also varioii-
journeys in the United States and Canada. He w;^-
always fond of aquatic life, and on lioard of his yacht
cruised ten summers through the sounds and bays an'l
along the Atlantic coast, thereby becoming famili:ir
with the sea in all its [ihases. He was very doir.e^tio
in hlshabits,in the later years of his life rarelytakin/
part in public affairs unless impelled by a sense oi
duty. His fondness for art induced him to dcconiti-
his home with many S[iecimeii.s, and an extensive
library afforded him a resource of (deasure lie w:;-
loath to relinquish. He was long a uiembe'r of t''"'
Protestant Episcopal Church, and lor several years :i
delegate lo the Diocesan Convention. In the mid?!
of a busy life he was called away on Jan. 27, ISS^i
and an active and useful career was closed. The en-
tire bar of the .Stale was summoned by the clerk of tl"-

l^'''^n^f?y-2^lrr>^

CITY OF SAhFM.

413

.-iipreme Court to atteiiJ his funeral .it Trenton, the
.-enute aUo adjourned lor the siinie iiurposo. and a
l.ir^e number of prominent and distinguished men
honored the occasion ^vith tlicir presence.

REV. DAXIEL STRATTOX.

Kev. Danie! Stratton was for about fourteen years
]i.istor of tlierresbylerian Church iu Salem.

The present cliuroli building was erected during
his ministry. On the right hand of the pulpit iu this
church is a mural tablet inscribe<l as follows: j

Our Puslor. '

To Iho

Bft. Daniel Stnitlon,

for fourteen yeai^

Uierailliralanil Ipelov.'d

luulor of Ihis Cliurch,

TliU M^muriul is eicrird

by his beif.ive.1

Cougrogallitn.

Born Se|>l. 28, 1814.

Died Aug. 2i, 18C6.

lie being dead

yet spcRketli.

Mr. Stratton was born in Bridgeton, Cumberland
County (sixteen miles from .Salem), Sept. 2S, 1S14.
He entered llie sophomore cl.iss at Princeton in IS-'JO,
and was graduated wlien nineteen year^ of age, in
1S33. lie began his course in the Theological ireini-
nary at Princeton in 1S34, but wa.? coiupelled by ill
hcilth to leave in his third year and go to Union
.Seminary, in Virginia, where ho finished his .studies,
and was licensed to pre.ich April 13, 1S37, by the
Presbytery of AVc.-t Hanover, in that State.

In the mean time lie had taught for nearly a year
at the academy in Salem ; and in the fall of th.it
year he married Mi.ss Eleanor C. Hancock, eldest
daughter of Morris Hancock, Esq., of that city.

He began his work as a ]>rcaclicrof the gospel at
Newbcrne, X. C, where he stayed for fifteen years,
when he was called to the Presbyterian Church in
Salem, and came back to finish his course where be
had begun it.

His ministry of fourteen years in this city was a
very successful one, and the memorial inscription
above quoted represents more marly than is some-
times the ca-c the true feeling of the congregation
to which he had so long ministered.

The be.st results of the life-work of so faithful and
earnest a jiastor and preacher as Mr. Stratton is not
to be seen at all in this world ; but the silent elo-
quence of such a life as liis is more efficient than that
of any spoken words.

Mr. Stratton died on the 2Jlh day of August, l^iGfi,
and was burieil in the graveyard of the Presbyterian
Church, not far from the school wjiere lie had taught
and the church that lie had attendeil thirty years
before.

JOHN I'OWELI, .MOOllK.
John Powell Moore, son of .f-ihii Powell and .l;ine
Westcott Moore, was born in Sayre's Xec!;, Fairfield
township, Cumberland Co., X. J., Dec. 16, 1S32, and
was the second of scvcr:il children. His father w;is a
farmer by occupation, and the family mi old one in
Cumberland County.

With only a common school education to prepare
him for the business of life, Mr. Moore, in ISoO, at
the age of eighteeu, removed to Salem, N. J., and en-
tered the store of Thomas AV. Cattell, a hardvare
merchant ou Market Street, who was also at that time
postmaster. In that position he rcinaiMcd for several
years, faithfully discharging his duties to his employ-
ers and winning the apiirobatioii of the public by his
application to business, his uniform urbanity of man-
ner, and correct moral dejiortment.

In 1856, .1. P. Moore and Samuel G. Cattell entered
into partnership with Thomas \V. C.ittell, under the
firm-name of Thomas W. Cattell & Co. Mr. Samuel
CatlcU retiring from the business after a few years,
the firm continued as Cattell i^ Moore until 1S60, when
Alexander G. Cattell, Jr., took the place of Thom.is
\V., anil the firm became Moore & Cattell. At the
expiration of three years the partnership ended, and
Jolin P. Moore assumed the business, in eonnecriou
with the agency of «cveriil life and fire insurance
companies, and remained at the old stand until his
death, Jan. 2, ISTii.

Throughout liis entire life Mr. Moore confined him-
self closely to business, and held aloof from rmblic
and political afl'airs. Outside of mercantile pursuits,
he devoted all his energies to the support of the cause
of religion and the interests of the First Pre.sbyterian
Church of .Salem, with which he united March 31,
18o<, during the jiastorate of IJev. Daniel Stratton.
In that relation he was active, efiicienl, and useful,
I and was ordained elder of the same church Oct. i',
' 1804. He look great interest in the Sabbatb-school
cau.^e, and was teacher in the adult department for
many years. He was especially successful in inter-
e-sting young men in the church, and by a peculiar
magnetism iinj'res?ed thcni v.ith the imi.orlancc .niid
value of religion as a factor in the successful pursuit
of the affairs of life. Through his influence ni.Tiiy
young men were led to unite themselves with thi;
church, his class of eight joining it about the same
time.

Later he was m.ade superintendent of the primary
department, which position he faithfully tilled as
lung as his health iiermitted. He had the rare gift
of interesting as well as instructing the little ones,
and he fully realized how important the trust com-
mitted to liis care.

For a number of years he v, as secretary of the

Salem County Ijible Society, and held many ofliccs

of trust in the church. He led an active and Useful

' life, and in the community in which he dwelt wa?

• Iifid in great resp;;ct for his integrity and upright-

414

HISTORY OF SALCM COUNTY.

uess, aiul liis sprightly and genial iiuinner. lie was
devoid of all ostentation, and strovi- only to jHTform
the humble dnlics uf a goud citizen, lending a cheer-
ful support to all worthy enleri>ri<e<, yet uniformly
declining i>nblic plaoe-s and honor.

In li>72 he \v:\s awakened to the fact that he w:is
an invalid, and until the time of his death he devised
ways and means to at least keep pace with fatal dis-
ease, spending many months from home and business,
and finiling great henetit from a sojmirn iu a more
healthful climate.

His decease, while still iu the prime of life, occa-
sioned universal regret to the friends among whom
he lived and laborcil, and by whom his rare qualities
and wide usefulness will be aflectionatcly cherished
as long as the incense of memory burns on the altar
of hearts that loved him.

He married, Dec. 2ii. 1S-5.S, Mary V., daughter of
Job and Catharine .\. Stretch, of Palem County, who
survives him at this date (IS'J.?) with four of their
seven children, viz.: Harriet Xewell Monre, Jane
Westcott Moore, John Powell Moore, Frederick
Bran us Moore.

TnO.M.\P JONKS VOIIKE.

Thomas Jones Vorke was a desceixlant in the fourth
generation of Thomas Yorke, the ancestor of the pres-
ent Yorke family in the United Stales, who emigrated
from Yorkshire, Knglaml, about the year 172S, and
parsed the greater part of his life in the inui bn3ine^s
at Potlslown, Pa. He was a justice of the i)eace of
Poltstown iu 1745, and in 1759 was appointed by
Governor Denny judge (if the Court of Common
Pleas. In 1747 he served .is lieutenajit-colonel in
file French and Indian war, and in 17.'>7 and 1~ri'>
rcpiesenied Bt-rks County, Pa., in the Provincial
Assembly. Soon after he removed to Philadelphia,
and was appointed to a judicial position by the Eng-
lish government. He was marrieii three times, and
left a large number of dc>cendiini-. The line of de-
scent, down to and including the subject of this
sketch, is Thomas', Andrew', Louis', and Tlioma.s
Jones Yorke*. 'I'he family was an oM and promi-
nent one in English history, IJeverly Hall, near
Eipon.in Yorkshire, being the family scat. Thomas
Yorke, an ancestor of the emigrant, served three
timej> as high sherilf during the reign of Henry VIII.,
and Joseph Yorke, uncle of the emigrant, was J,ord
Mayor of Dover, anil ambassador to The Hague in the
reign of George II.

Sir John Yorke, Knt., wa-: Lord .Mayor of Londo;),
and was one ol the trustees named in the will of
Richard Whiltington (>o well known in nursery
story) to man.ige liis hospital. He had ten sons,
two of whom, Edward and Edmund, became vice-
admirals in the English navy, and received the
honor of knighthood. There is little doubt tliat
Thomas was de.-^cended from one of the -sons above
named, as he (Thomas) named his eldest son, who

was wounded in a naval engagement early in li ,
Ttevolution. Edward. He was connected with I,.,r.i
Gambier, <mic of the Lord* Admiralty of England.

Andrew Yorke, grandfather of our subject, w...
born in the city of Philadelphia, Xov. 20, 1742, ;ii..i
located in Salem, X. J., in 1773. He engaged ip,
trade in the old brick building that is still standii;.-
on the corner of Yorke and Magnolia Streets. Aui •
commencement of the Revolutionary war lie look .;:,
active part iu favor of the colonies, .ind was an aii
to Gen. Xcwcomb during that trying struggle. 11-
died at Salem in 1794. Louis, his second son, mar-
ried Mary, daughter of Thomas Jones, an curly
merchant of Salem, and soon thereafter located in
the village of Hancock's Bridge, where he engaged
in store-keeping. He died in Philadelphia in lS(l'.<.

Thomas Jones Yorke, son of Louis and Mary Jon.-..
Yorke, was born at Hancock's Bridge, Salem Co., on
March 2'>. ISOl. Having received a substantial Eng-
lish education at the Salem Academy, he entered the
store of hi- grandfather. Thomas Jones, in Salem, as
a clerk, and in 1S17 the counting-house of James I'at-

'' ton, a leading shipping merchant of Philadcli)liia.
Four years later he returned to Salem, and entered

i into mercantile busine-s with his uncle, Thomas Jone.s,

' Jr., under the firm-iuime of Jones & Yorke. Thi--
business he continued until 1.S47, when the pressure
of other atVairs, public and private, coniiielled him Vj
relinquish it. Having held various local olHces in
Salem County, his broader public career was begun
in 1S:j5, when he was chosen to repre.-cni the county
in the State Assembly. The year following he w;i-
elected ntember of Congress from his district, taking
his seat iu lS37,and continuing a member until 1*4:).
Durini; his term of office occurred the famou.s " Broad
Seal war." and it was also while he was iu the House
that Morse made his application to Congress for aid
in building the first lino of telegraph. He was on»-
of the number who voted for the appropriation ipi
forty thousand dollars for the construction of the
Baltimore and Washington line. Iu 1S03 iie was
elected a member of the board of directors of the
West Jer.-oy Railroad Company, and was made secre-
tary and treasurer of that organization. He held thf-^

I otTiccs until IStiC, when he was elected president of the
road, and continued to direct the allairs of the com-
pany with great success until 187-5, when he resigned
from official connection with the road, continuing,
however, to remain a director. In his management

; of the affairs of the C-.iye May and Millville Railroad
Comi.any.and of the W'st Jersey Express Company,
of both of which organizations he was also president,

; he maintained a policy of liberality and progressive-
ne.ss, and urged the same spirit in the conduct of the

• West Jersey Mail and Transportation Company, i»

' that of the Salem Railroad Company, the Swcdcsbon'
Railroad Company, and the Camden and I'hihidcl-
phia I-'erry Compr.ny, in all of which corporations In'

' was a director.

t '

(sZ (^^H^^ .y^try/i:^^

M/ .^ ^ 'fe;S^>.^^,5^^I^

CITY 01-' .^ALKM.

415

Ikiidcs liokliiig llie various positions alreatly ineii-
liniiod, Mr. Yurkc w:i.-? for more than twelve years
j.rosident judge ol' tlic Court of C'Dinnum Pleas of
:f;ilem County, and disi-Iiarged the duties of the place
with ability ami succc-s. During the late war he was
in warm sympathy with the Union cause, and sup-
ported with, a willing hand all mea^uref of a progres-
sive and elevating character in llu' community in
which he lived until his demise, on Ajjril 4, 1SS2. He
was twice married, — lirst to Mary A., daughter of
Jonathan and Elizabeth Smith, ot Rucks County, Pa.,
who died young, leaving one son, Louis Eugene
Yorke; and, .-econdly, to Margare: Johnson, daughter
of Thomas and Elizabeth Jacobs Sinnick~on, of
.Salem, who survives him. Of this union were boru
five children, viz. : Mary A., widow of I)c Wilt Clin-
ton Clement, of S.tlem ; Elizabeth S. ; Thom.as J. ;
Margaret J., who became the wife of Dr. J. B. Par-
ker, of the United Stales navy ; and Caroline P.
Yorke, who married William E. Allen.

His eldest son, Louis Eugene Yorke, was educated
as a civil engineer at the Kenssclacr Polytechnic In-
rtitule, of Troy, N. Y., and was .subsequently em-
ployed on the Pennsylvania Railroad. Memi>his and
Charleston Railroad, and in IStlO was engineer on the
Bergen tunnel. Resigniug that position, he entered
the United States volunteer army as a member of the
Seventh Regiment of New Yoik. and served with that
organization during the term of its enlistment. He
snbse'juently entered the regular army, and was com-
missioned a cai)tain in the Fonrti'cnth United States
Regiment. He was with Sherman in his march to
the sea, was wounded in the Arkan-as campaign, and
at the end of the war, when holding the brevet rank
of colonel, resigned his commission and resumed his
|)rofe^^?ion. He died in Cincinnati in 3873.

Mary, Powell, William, and Abigail. Ofthe.se, Wil-
liam married Elizabeth, daugliter of John and Eliza-
beth Ware, born March 2, 1703, anil a few years after
that event rented ri large farm in Elsinboro townslii]i,
Salcni Co., of Samuel Nicholson, Sr. There he parsed
the remainder of his life. His children were seven
in number, viz.: S;'muel, Mary (who married Thoma*
Hancock, of E!-inboro), Abigail 'who breame the
wife of John Goodwin, of Elsinboni), William (the
subject of tin? nu moirj, Elizabeth (who iiinrried \\'\]-
liam Thonipsoni, Powell, and Sarah Carpenter.

William Carpenter, to whom these lines are dedi-
cated, was born in Elsinboro townshij), .\pril 4, 1792,
and died .May lo, ISOo. He received only a common
school education, and was thnnvn upon his own re-
sources early in life by the siiuilon death of his faihcr.
After experiencing the trials ajid privations incident
to a life of hard labor and close attention to the ardu-
ous calling of a tenant-farmer in those days, he lliially
located on the Thomas Mason property in Elsinboro,
and resided tiiereon for the long period of twenty-one
years. He then purchased, in ISIO, the Samuel Brick
farm, in the same towushij), now occupied by his son,
William B. Carjjenter, and lived there uutil his re-
moval later in life to Salem, where he closed his days.
He was a man of decided convictions, plain in hi-
tastes and habits, straightforward in his dealings, of
. strict integrity, and held iu general respect through-
, out a long and busy life. He was a regul.">r aUenilant
upon the meetings of the Society of Friends. He
married JLiry, daughter of Abner and Mary Beasley,
and had children, — Elizabeth W. (wife of Joseph P.
Thompson), Powell (deceased), Anna ^L (decea:-efl),
William B., Morris H.. and Join >L CariK-nier.

AVII.I.I.A..M CARTENTKR.

The Car|)enter family of Pliilade!i)hia and Salem
County, N. J., trace their origin in this country to a
period about the close of the seventeenth century.
The Philadelphia branch are descended from Samuel
(.'arpenter, and the New Jersey family from Joshua,
the brother of Samuel. Watson's " Annals" informs
us that S.TUiuel Carpenter was one of the greatest im-
provers and builders in Piiiladelphia, and with the
exception of his as-ociate, William Penn. was at one
tinic the wealthiest man in the i*roviucc. He wa.s a
niernber of the Society of Friends, and one of Penn's
eommit.sioners iA' property. His brother Joshua was
al.so a prominent early resident of Philadelpi.ia, and
»n engraving of his elegant residence, which occupied
•' portion of the site of the Arcade building, is to be
■•''•■n on )rage 37(} of Watson's '• Annals."

Joshua Carpenter subst-juently removed to the
^lale of Delaware, where he ended )>is days. His
. grandson William married !>Liry, dariijhter of Jere-
miah and Jane Powell, and had four children, viz. :

RICIIARU MILLKR ACTuX.
Richard Miller Acton is a descendant in the si.\th
generation of Benjamin ,\ctou, the ancestor of the
family in Salem County. The line of descent is
Benjamin', P.onjaniin. Jr." (1695!, John' (172S),
Clement*, Benjamin', and Richard ^L Acton" (ISIO).
Benjamin' is believed to have emigrated from I.,oii-
don about the year 1(377, and soon after that date is
mentioned in connection with the public adbiif of
Fenwick's colony. He was a tanner and currier by
trade, an occupation iu which many of his descend-
ants also eng.'iged, andal-o a land surveyor. In con-
nection with this latter ■..tiling he is very frequently
mentioned in the early records of the colony. He
purchased a lot of sixteen acres of John I'diwick,
on Fcnwick Sti^eet, now Ea^t ]{ioadway, ami erected
his dv,-elliiig-houfe tber.vin, where he continued to
reside until his demise. He was elected the fvA re-
corder of the town of X'.-w .Sahmi at the time of iis
incorporation, in ICOj, aud in 1705 was one of the
CO mmi.ssi oners and surveyors in laying out a jiiblic
road from Salem to ^faurice River. In 17"n, in f;(,n-
■ neclion with John Mason and Bartholomew Wyatt,

410

niSTOPiY OF PALEM COUNTY.

Sr., he laid out ;i jmblic higlnvay from Hancock's
lirifige to tlic town of (Jifeiuvich. He siibsci-iurutly
ilid a larjre aimmnt of snrvcyiiic: for the heirs o(
AVilliaii) Pciiii in Salem Tenth, beside.-; being busily
engaged in other jiublic and private surveys tlinnigh-
out his life. He married in lOiS or liiS'i, and had
children,— Elizabeth (IG'.'O), who nuirried Francis
Reynolds; Mary (lii92), who became the wife of
William Willis ;" Benjamin, Jr. {ir.9o), Lydia (IGi"/),
and Joshua (ITOOi.

Benjamin, eldest son of Clemeni and Hannah H.
Acton, father of the subject of this sketch, married
Sarah, daughter of Kichard and Fvlizabeili W.Miller,
of Mannington, and had a family of ten children,
viz.: Richard M., born Feb. 2, ISIO; Clement, born
Jan. 8. 1813; Benjamin, born Sei)tcmber, 1S14 ; Han-
nah Hall, born Feb. 10, 1810, married .Samuel P. Car-
penter, of Mannington ; Elizabeth W., born Sept.
2S, 1818, became the wife of Frtuiklin Miller, of
Mannington ; Charlotte, born July P, 1S21, married
Richard Wistar, of Mannington,; Casper W., born
Sept. 18, 1S23; Leiitia, born July 17, 1S25, married
John Wistar; Sarah Wyatt, born Sept. 3, 1827, be-
came the wife of Emnior Reeve; aud Catharine,
born June 22, 1*20.

Richard Miller Aclon was born in Salem, Feb. 4,
181'1. His earlier education was derived at the com-
mon schools of his native place and at the Friends'
Academy at Westtown, Chester Co., I'a. At the age
of sixteen he was apprenticed to learn the tanning
and currying trade at Wilmington, Del. After attain-
ing his majority he returned to Salem, and establish-
ing biisine-ss for himself on the corner of Market and
Howell Streets, coiiiinued to follow the occupation of
a tauner and currier until 1S47. For a portion of
this period his brother Benjamin was associated with
him as a partner. Since that date he has lived in re-
tirement in his native place, devoting his tin)e to ag-
ricultural pursuits and to the discharge of the public
duties that devolved upon him. He iia.s always taken
a deep interest in local afl'airs, and for more tlian
twenty years served as a member of the board of
trustees of the jiublic schools of Salem, a portion
of that time holding the jjosition of president of the
board. He was appointed by Governor Randolpli
a member of the State Board of Education of New-
Jersey , and served in that body for several years. He
. hius been a director of the Salem Library Association
since 1845, and is ])rcsident of the association in 188^.
He is also president of the Salem Ga^ Company. He
was for many years a director of the Salem County
Mutual Iiisur.uice Company, and is a director of the
Salem Railroad Company, now under lease to the
West Jersey Railroad Company. Politically, he has
served on the board of chosen freeholders, and in
other local offices. In 1804 lie was elected to rejire-
sent S:'.lem County in the Senate of the State, and
discharged the duties ol' that iuijjortaut i)Iace witli
fidelity and to the general sali-hiclion of his coiistil-

nency for three years. During the trying days of tl..
great Rebellion he supported the Union cause by v..;,
and influence, believing that the integrity of tlie Na-
tion was assailed and our national liberties ttuea:-
cned. In religious ali'airs he h;ts been a life-loi;.-
member of the Orthodox branch of the Society di
Friends. He is recognized as one of the most usefiii
and estimable of the citizens of Salem, and is held in
general respect. He married, on April 14, ISoo, Han-
nah Hancock Ma^on. of El.--inboro township, and ,i
descendant of Jolin Mason, who emigrated from Eng-
land to America in 1083, aud soon after located .it
Salem, where he became one of the large land-own-
ers of the new colony. In IGOG he erected a substan-
tial brick dwelling in Elsinboro township, where In
removed, and which is now owned by Mrs. Richani
M. Acton. Of the three children of Richard M.
Acton and Hannah 11., his wife, only one survives,
viz., Mary Mason, wife of William C. Reeve, of
Salem.

JOIIX HUMPllRll^S MOlirJ.^.

The Morris family has been prominently idenlifieJ
with the county of Salem since its first settlement.
Christopher Morris, grandfather of the subject of this
memoir, resided at Sharjistown at an early day, where
he filled otiicial siaiion for many years, and was a man
of influence and prominence. He had three children,
— William, Rachel, and Martha. The former was the
father of our subject, and for ii long period of time
carried on the business of a merchant and general
trader at Sharpstown. He also engaged in farming,
and was a man of character and ijifkienco. He njar-
ried Elizabeth Hunii>hries, and had a family of eight
children, of whom John H. Morris was the oldest.

The latter was born in Pi-nn'sXeek township, Salem
Co., July 21, 1814, and died Sept. 17. 18/9. Ho en-
joyed only an ordinary English education, and was
early inured to a life of toil ujion a farm. Soon after
attaining his majority be began farniing 0)i his own
account in Mannington township, and continued to
engage in agricultural pursuits until 1SG3, when he
retired from active labor and took up his residence in
Salem. In December, 1877, he purchased the intercut
of W. R. Hunt, successor of Hall, Dunn i^- Hunt in
the oil-cloth work.s which they were operating in
Salem, and embarked in the business of a manufac-
turer. In May, 1879, he purchased the Fcnwick Oil-
Cloth Works, at the foot of Broadway, and, assisted
by the practical advice and experience of S. W. Dunn,
erected on their site th.c extensive buildings now oc-
cupied by the Salem Oil-Cloth Works. There he en-
gaged in the manufacture of oil-cloth until !iis demise,
when he was succeeded by his son, \Villiani ^lorris,
the present owner.

Mr. Morris never asjdrcd to public place, althongli
he filled the leading ollices of his townshij) during his
residence there. He w-as a warm supporter of tlie ,
war, and in earnest sympatliy witii the llepiibiiian

^^c/A^J^'^'^ ly'^'^y^'t/f

■^-pf

^/]m^/syid^

CITY OF SALEM.

■11 ;

|iarty tlirouirlifint Iiis lite. Hi- was a nuiii of dcciJeii
lonviitions, earnest, encrjietic, and iMihi>lrioH<, in-
cliiie'l to economy and frugality, and ot' inodo>t ]'ro-
lonsions and tastes. In all his business transaetions
lie ever in.inifested the strictest integrity, and was
iielJ in jrcncral respect r.ir his uprightness of charac-
ter. He married .Mary H., daughter of Mark J^tretch,
.ind had a family of four children, of whom only
William Mi^rris attained adnlt age. The latter has
inherited his father's estate and business as well as
many of his sterling: characteristics. He married
Lydia, dausrhter of Joseph Waddington, and has one
daughter, Mary H. Morris.

JOIIX TVl.EK.

The Tyler family of this country are descended from
ancient English slock, their ancestors having come
with William the Conqueror into Knghind, and fought
at tlic battle of Hastings in loijtl. Si.\ hundred years
later three brothers of the name emigrated to America,
one of whom settled in New England, another in Vir-
ginia, becoming the ancestor of px-Pre^iilent John
Tyler, and the third, William, located in West Jersey
about ]('>S.'. He piirchascd of Johu C'iiampncy a
large tract of land on the north side of Mo?imouth
lliver, pan of the two thousand acres deeded iu 1076
by Joliii F'-mvick to James Chanipney and his wife,
Priscilla Fenwick Champney. He was the ancestor
of the brancji of the family represented by the sub-
ject of this sketch, the line down to and including
John Tyler being .ts follows: William Tyler', Wil-
liam-, irainueP, William', and John^

William Tyler' brought with him to this country a
certific;itc from his friends and neighbors in JCngland,
certifying that "he hath iieen ready and willing to
contribute to the .service of truth, as opportunity hath
offered and occasion required, and thai as to his deal-
ings with the world, he has been punctual and of
good report as far as any of us know or have heard,
and we know nothing of debts or other entanglements
on his jiart, but that he may with clearness prosecute
his intended voyage." Ue married, in 1070, Joanna
Parson, and had four children born in Enghmd,
namely, Mary (1G77), William (lOSOj, John (10.s2j,
and Joann.i (IfiSl). His first wife died soon after
their arrival in this country, and he married a second
wife, Elizabeth, whohf.ie him three children, — Cath-
arine (lOOi'ii, Philip OC02j, and Elizabeth (lO'J-lj.
Jle engaged in farming and tanning throughout his
life, and died about 1701. By his will he bequeathed
a larged landed estate to his son-S, William and John,
and left tlu; former as guardian of the younger chil-
dien.

William Tyler' married Mary Abbott, sister of

'eorj.>e, the emigrant, and had s=i.x children, viz.:

I'illiam' (1712), Edith (171-1), Pebecca (1716). Mary

(1718). James (1720), and Samuel (1723). He dieil

in 1703, leaving t'l his oliildreu a large lamlcl ]>rop-
erty.

Samuel TyUr, youngest smu of William Tyler' and
Mary, his wife, was born OcX. 20, 1723. When about
eighteen years of age he apprenticed himself to Pen-
jamin Adoii, of Salem, to learn the tanning business.
Soon after the expiration of his apprenliccship he sold
his property on AUoways Creek, inherited from his
father, and purchased the property at the upper end
of Salem, since known as Tyler Street. In the deed
of jjurchase, dated 17-10, the hou-se is called " a now
brick house," making it iM the present lime more
than one hundred and thirty-seven years old. Here
he carried on the tanning lni<iness. In 17Cil he mar-
ried .\nn Mason, granddaughter of John Mason, the
emigrant, and had five children, viz.: William'
(17o2), John (17r>5), Mary (17.jOi, Samuel (1708),
and Rebecca (1704). He died Xov. 20, 1778, and his
wife Feb. 23, 1777.

William Tyler* administered npoit his father's e.s-
tate, and, according to the law as it then existed, was
entitled to all the real estate. He was not unmind-
ful, however, of his brothers and sisters, but assigned
them a share of their father's property. In 171"2 ho
married Beulah Pidgway, who died shortly after
without issue.. In 1700 he married for a second wife
Catherine, daughter of Hugh Low, of Philadelphia,
of whoni were boru John (1707), Hannah (i. (I70S),
Hugh L. (ISOO), Maiy (ISOl ), Annie (ISO')), and
William (1800). He wa.s a man of retiring dispo-
sition, of few words, and was considered honest and
impartial in his dealings with his fellow-tnen. lie
died in 1S2-'!, and his wife in 1825. The latter was a
discreet and sensible woman, of warm sensibilities
and devoted piety.

John Tyler, son of William and Catharine Low
<l'yler, the subject of this memoir, was born May 28,
1707. He received only an ordinary English educa-
tion, and about the time of attaining his majority
entered the employ of his uncle, John Tyler, in
Salem, to learn the tanning business. He continued
with his uncle until the death of the latter, and shared
in the distribution of his estate. 1 luring the greater
jiart of his lite he carried on succes-ifully the tanning
enterprise established by his uncle, and for a period
of nearly sixty years occupied the family mansion on
Fifth Street, adjoining the tannery. He was a man
of decided convictions, plain in his habits and ta.stes,
a regtilar attendant upon the First Day meetings of
the Society of Friends, and liehl in general respect
and esteem f.ir his integrity and uprightness of char-
acter. Xever demonstralive or o.steiilatious, he took
an active interest in public affairs, supporting the
men and measures he believed best for the general
good, yet declining to occupy public office himself.
He was one of the active promoters of the .Salem Li-
brary Association, and president of that organization
for a number of years. Ue wa-s also one of the organ-
izers of the Salem Gas Company, and treasurer of the

418

HISTOKY or SALKM COUNTY.

com|i!iii_v from tlie time of its estnWislimont until liis
death. He took imicli iiitero.-=t in tlie projoel of intio-
diK-iiiir water into Srilcm, aflvocatiiig the artoiian sy.-:-
teni of boring. ITe was al>o fonil of Ircc-culturi',
ornanicntinji; ami boautifying his >=urrounilings by
setting out young treof' and othtrwisc improving his
property to gratify lii.< natural taste. In his younger
days he was fond of walking, and upon one occasion
made a pedestrian excur^ion into Canada from Salem.
He was a close observer of things and events around
bim, devoted to travel, a great reader, and possessed
of an excellent memory.

He had a thorough knowledge of the origin and
line of title of the real estate of his locality, and
knew the uietes and bounds of many of the county
estates. His recoUeciiou of local historical facts was
also extended and correct, and he was especially
familiar with the early history of West and .South
Jersey. He ]>as3ed away, amid general regret, on
July 31, ISSO. He married, in ISoL', Dorothea (!ra-
ham, daughter of Joseph Hoskins, originally from
New Jersey, but a >ubset|ucnt resident of Radnor.
Pa., where she was born. The two children born of
the union were t'atharine Low Tyler, who died un-
married, and \V. (irahain Tyler. Tlic latter served
as president of the J^oard of Education for a number
of years, is treasurer of the .'^alem Gas Com]pany, a
director of the Saletn Library Assijcialion, and a
member and officer of St. John's Protestant Episco-
pal Church of Salem. He carries on the tanuing
establishment that has been operated by the family
so maiiv vears ou Fifth Street.

CH.\PTER LXVl.
T0WX.SI1IP or EI..siNM!ORO.'

Geographical. — Elsinboro is located iu the south-
west part of the county, and is bounded north by
Lower Penii's Xeck and the city of Salcin, east and
south by Alloways Creek, and west by the Delaware
Piiver. Reedy Island lies opjiositc its .southern ix-
tremity.

Topographical and Statistical. — This is the
smallest of the townships of Saleni County, contain-
ing only seven thousand eight hundred and eight
acres, much of it marsh and " marsh-meadow" land,
and fifty-six farms. The soil is .similar to that of
neighboring townships, and the variety of produce
commou to the latter is grown. In I'SSl the a.sscssed
valuation of real estate was S12.3, 711. The value of
jiersonal property was .^1SC,84'.). The total taxable
valuation was .?49j,5G8. The total indebtedness was
$12.3,!<05. The nuud>er of voters was one hundred
and fifty-one. The poll-tax amounted to .? 1 J4, the
school tax to $12->.'J, and the county tax lo $1189.

Original Purchases and Settlement." — Robert
Windluim bouglil of John Eenwick one thousan.l
acres of land, bounded on liie north by Salem, and Mi
the west by Salem Creek. Tliis purchase was niadi-
in li>75. On that property a colony of English froiii
New Haven. Conn., made a settlement iu liUO, bin
it was of short duration. The Indians greatly ha?-
assed the colonists, and the following year the ])Ieu-
risy became an epidemic among them. Some hi.-i;)-
rians have written that more than one-half of tin-
colony fell victims to the malady, and the remaining:
jiart left and returned to New England.

It appears that when Robi-rl Windham died lie le!';
one daughter. Slie married Richard Darkin, a you'i-
man who had recently arrived from England. Rich-
ard was one of the most active and useful young men
in the colony. He was a zealous Friend, and took u
conspicuous part in the religious meetings of his see;.

Richard llarkin in his will left his land to his iwy
sons, John aiid Jobei)li Darkin. John, the eldest.
had the homestead. In 1720, John erected a new
brick dwelling, which is still standing. Joseph Dar-
kin, the youngest son, built a brick dwelling on his
share of his father's property, which is yet in toler-
able repair.

The Windham estate was all kept in the family
during four or five generations, and at this time tluii-
are about four hundred acres held by Robert Wind-
ham's descendants.

Adjoining the Windham estate is a tract of hni'l
called Middle Neck, containing about live hundred
acres. It was pundiascd by Isaac Smart, who canir
to this country in company with Fenwick. Soon af-
terward he built a house and settled there.

Richard Ciuy, cheesemonger, from the parish ot
Stepney, Middlesex, England, one of the earliest em-
igrants, purchased one thousand acres of laud of Joliii
Fenwick, bounded on the northeast by Isaac Smart-
land, and southwest by Delaware Bay, extendinL,'
down the bay to ]'"ort Elsborg.

In lt;52, Richard Guy sold onf-half of the >ail
tract to John and Audrew Thompson, two hiindri 4
and fifty acres to each, and they settled thereon. John.
the eldest, erected a brewery and manufactured be ■:
extensively and, it is said, profitably for the riiil;'-
delphia and New York markets. John, grandson n)
James Thompson, sold the land that he inherited,
and removed to Delaware. The [iroperly Andrew
Thompson purchased is owned by one of his descend-
ants at the iiresiMit time.

Richard Guy sold the balance of his land to Haiiun
Carpenter, of I^hiladelpliia, who erected a country
seat near the bay, and a few years afterwards sold tlu'
property to Redroe Morris, son of Lewis Morris. i>l
England, who bought a large riuantity of land ad-
joining his first purchase, and tlied in 1701. leaviui:

■ 5lucli of Ih' uiiiti^rial for tlii
SJi"urJ..

nnibiiti-.l by th-

TOWNSHIP OF KLSIXnOKO.

410

liirce ."oiis, Jo.scpli, Duvid, :uid Lewis Mi)riis, wlio
•.•.ich iulieritod lour hniulrefl acres. .Tojcpli aiiil I.o«i>:
>iorris left cliil.iron. D;iviii married ;\n'l liail cliil-
ilron. but tliev ■lied before tlieir faiber, wli" lei\ lii.-i
fiirm 10 his half-brother, Jo!in Hart. In 17<'>.5, Hart

l:ind in Klsinboro, adioiniiicr lands of Jolm Mason on
thesoutii, Samnel Nicholson on the e.^st, l^ndoc Jlorris
on the west, and Is:iai' Smart on tho north. In 170")
lie built a lar;_'i briek house, which was torn down a
few years ago by Uichard Orier, the pre>ent owner of

-old it to Col. l?enjamiii Holme. There is but a small the i>roi)erty, and a larjre frame hnn<e was
jiortiou of tlio Morris land that is not now owned by
auy of liis ce.scendants.

lioger Milton owned a eonsiderablo tract adjoining
tlie >forris land.

There was a survey made in liisO of iwo tlnnisand
(iiie hundred and thirty-four acres of land, including
what is now known as Mason Point and t.tlicr lands
and meadows adjoiuinjc, and it was called " .\nna's
Grove." John Mason purcliased one thousand acres
of this land. The U|>lanil is c<uisidered as fertile as
any in the county of Salcni. .Mason built a large
brick mansion in 1704. One-half of the oriirinal
Mason estate belongs to the family at the present
time.

Adjoining Msuson's land William Hancock pur-
chased a large tract of " Anmx's Grove," and in 1705
built a large brick dwelling not far from John Mason's
mansion. Oidy a small portion of said laml belongs
to tiic family at thi$ time.

Samuel Nichol-on. the eminent pioneer, pnrcha^ed
two thousand acres of the Projirictor in 1|J75, adjoin-
ing Anna's Grove on the southwest, John .''mith's land

oroeted on
its site.

There are several ancient bouses in Elsinboro.
.Vmong them are the following: Amos Harris', built
by John Darkin about 17:!0 ; Richaid Waddington's,
built by Isaac Smart in 1000; Richard M.Acton's,
built by John Mason in lO'.M'i, tlie addition in 1704;
and a house built by Abel Nicliolsou in 1722, now in
tolerable repair.

Prominent families in Elsinboro from 1800 to 1S.30
were the Carpenters, Counsellors, Corlisses, Dalla-*es,
Foggs, Fosters, Goodwins, Holmeses, Harrises, Halls,
Hancocks, Freases, Kirbys, McGu.ays, Millers, .Mor-
rises, Nelsons, Pcatfergoods, Shcppards, Thompsons,
Tindalls, Waddiuglons and War.ls.

Revolutionary History. — Among the names of
those designated by Col. ilawhood, in his historical
letter to Col. Hand, written at Saleni in the early
])nrt of 177S, as especial olijects of his unmanly ven-
eeance was that of Col. Honjamin Holmo, of Elsin-
boro, one of those to whoni was directed the threat
to ''burn and destroy their houses and other ]irop-
erty, and reduce them, tlieir unfortunate wives and

on the nortlieast, and the lands of Koliert Windham children, to beggary and distre.-is." This gc.itlcnian

on the west. Famuel and his wife, Ann, left Salem
and settled in Elsinboro. Their place of residence
w.as near Alloways Creek. Ho died iu lOO!!, devi.-.ing
his real estate to his eldest son, Samuel, and his young-
est son, -Vbel Nicholson.

Samuel NiclioI>on died when a young wan, and
k-fi lii> sliare of bis father's estate to his brother, Jo-

was a strong and intlucntial Whig, and an officer in
the " rebel" service .so dreaded Viy the enemy that
Lord Howe oflered one hundred pounds for him
" dead or alive."

Chagrined at his lack of success at Qniiilon's
l>ridge and elsewhere in Salem County, Col. yic.x-
hood send a party of soldiers from Salem on an fcx-

.seph Nicholson, who had married, and resided near ^ cursiou into this township, and, probably in pnisu-
Haddonfield. In 1G'.>6, Joscjdi sold more than one- ; nnce of special orders, they went to Col. Holme's

half of his land to George Abbott, the jirogcnitor of
the Abbott family, who later made other purchases
of land of the Nicholsons. The properly was held
by the .Abbott family for five generations.

Samnel Stiibbitis bou^dit the balance of Joseph
Nicholson's estate, built thereon, and ended his days
there. His son, Henry Stubbins, became the owner,
and he having no children left the farm to his nephew,
Henry Stubbins Firth.

John Smith, of Amblcbury, came to this country in
lG7o, and purchased two thousand acres of the Pro-
prietor. .-Vbout two-thirds of this land lay in Elsin-

farui, four miles out of Salem, drove his wife and
family out of doors, pillaged his property, and set
his dwelling on fire, thus, so far as Col. Holme was
concerned, executing Mawhood's threat as literally
as possible.

.Vfter peace was declared the colonel rc-erecled liis
buildings, resumed possession of his property, and
lived to an advanced age, much respected by bis
neighbors and acquaintances.

.•\ clock, whicli wius taken out of the house by Col.
Mawhood prior to the deslriuaion of the buildings,
and bv him carried to New York, was veav.s afier-

boro, the remainder in l.,ower Alloways Creek, llie wards found there and bought by a descendant of

lov.nshiji line running obliquely across the tract.
There are living numerous descendants of John
Smith, but none of them own any part (/this origin.nl
purchase.

Willi:im Hancock, son of the pioneer William Han-

Col. Holme, and is now owned its the family, and
stands in a residence in Salem, keeping as good time
as upon the day of the raid into Eisinboro.

Organization. — The Indian name of all or ;> [.or-
tion of Eisinboro was " Wool-'ossiingsiug." It wa^

i-k, of Lower Alloways town.--hip. having at the . originally called Elsborg, its present name having
death of his mother inherited her personal pro[)erty been derived from that of theSwedish fort, " IIc!^i^•.^-
iind no real estate, purchased five hundred acres of • borg," or " Ivlfsborg," cariy erected witliin ii-^ limits.

■120

TlI.-TOr.y OF SALKM COT'NTY.

It was one ol' ilu' con-tiiiionl town.-*lii]is of Palcm
Cdimly ; its (iri.L'inal boiiml:tr:es nre not nounlcil. l>ii!
ihoy arc said to liave cml'rai'cil only eisrlit liiiiulrid
acres at a period probably considerably anterior to
its survey into a tnwnsliip. It was imx'rporalcd !>v a
revised '• Aft incorporalinfr llic inhabitants o( town-
ships," approved April 1-1, IS-l").

Civil List.

llill>-l.'.. John G. IIi>lni>^.
1S22-2S. AntliunyXdvii.
182!>-n7. CI<^iniMii UM.
183«-S9. WillUin If. .NtlMn.
1M(M3. Jolin II. r.i(rirk.
JMt-tS. Joniidinu Scaltcr^o

ITOli-lsof Monij Hull.
1S09. Th -aws .Mas..u.
IS|I>-I2. WillUni Wiijrnian.
lt'1:>-n. Jtntph lUII.
lt<J6. IV'iiJniniii Gri^cum.
1817-20. .\nll.>.l.j- Ki-laou.
1621-24. Clenii'nt Hull.
I82.>-2t. Crorgt Crier.
ie2S-:!5. M-illialD Ui.ll.
iraft-ll. Tl.uiii u Sl.ourds.
18<2H:i. J<.|iii rciv,-ll.
ISM- 17. John II. Patnck.

TOW.NSUIP CIK.HKS.

IDfl Di

IMCKVJ. Josh'ia Wod.lillgloii.
IS:.S. lilcliarJ Orier.
lf."-4-6C. Kbinczei I'. W.illfii.
l.«C7-7l. Samuel P..won.
1S72-76. £v»n Lui'er.
1«7!)-St. J«mrt B. SI<-h..|sou.
1$$2. .iMcph H. StewiirJ.

lS4S-.Vi. Kidjaol Wadilhiil.iii.
1S&3-J0. WilluMi T. Guodu'ln.
18£C~i.S, 1«C'.-S9, IIJTj. Jixbl:*

WaildlngtoD.
1S51'-6I. ."Jamuil I'uwcll.
1S«;. Morris H.ill.
1S4.-1-C5, 1';70. Win. B. CririK>nu-r.
If7l-74.1&70. Jt<f<c I'atrirk.
1877. Ccoriif C. Patiiok.
I67*-8'). Jlurtii n. l;.l«s<-ll.
l«!<l-«2. EilwEKl.s. CmII.

COLLKCTORS.

l7»»-)ol J. Tbonmi IluncKk.
leu. TlU'inai MiiKon.
161.1. Aiilhoiij- Nil'on.
1816-17. J.ibn Thunii-son, .Ir.
1818-22. IJeiiJaDiili Tludall.
182V2<». Samutl Pauion-l.
1827. liiivi.lGrior.
1828-!'i. VViIlimn rarp'DtM-.
1831. KIkniiali PoHel.
18a2-S3. li.ivi.l Stretch.
l834-3.'>. Thouiai SliuurJa.
183C-II. J</hn Powcl.
1842-J7, U72-76. Jo»«pli lostcr.

l>18-5<i. Uilli.ini T. Gu..l»iii.
18ol. }I»rk Sir.'Irli.
1M2. n.-iniil Hires.
1SA3-.V1. Juliti D. Iliroi.
li.->V07. ChailMll Plumnitr.
lS-,S-«0. Sl»i.|.ird llnrrN.
lf«l-Ci. John M. Hraiidiir.
ISCI. Davhl l:ai.ks.
16»-C7. Wiriain MorrLv.n.
If CS-711. iMac .MIeo.
1s7t. Uenjy Ftxier.
IS76-82. r.lcliard >I. .\clon.

COS.ST.\BLKS.

1709. Edi:ar l!ro«ii.
ISIX). J,-lni W.ilhor.

1801. Ju>liiia Tti ]<f u.

1802. iMtid Maul.

1803. J.,1. S..3:r..
I8<4. SHlnilel Brick.
ISny William Goodwin.
180G. Samuel Hull.
1607. Jo-epl.H.li.Iay.
1808. Jt/bn 0. ilulmea.
1803. Stimnel Maul.

ISIO. Samuel N. ThonipisaD.
1811-12. Uavii .\elvjii.
18ia-U. i:aiim<l Ward.
1816-lC. William PjfrlUB.
1817. Andrev Sniiih.
1818, 182 ^25, 182K-29. K. PoKcl.
1819. lienj.inilli Tilidall.
1822. Tboniai WnddiiiBtoli.
1824. .Hw-s I.. Camii.
182(;-27. Willliiii Hall.
IWO, ISSJ-S!. J.ifnpl, Fioter.
1331. David SIrelcli.

1SS4. Alidnn Tliompauu.

IMj. Hirn.ii Kindley.

ll^iC. JoImi Hall.

]s:n. Jubn M. .Sinnickson.

n». JoMpli Oorlian.

18:.V. Briijnniiii .S. Ilolniei.

184U-41. Emariah IVxtcr.

IM2-lt>. Jut'l .Sin:klii«.

1849,1(05-69. Iiai.ii.1 Maul.

I<U0. Jvbu Mvrri-<in.

1841, 1>-C9-T3. Tiuviil.S.Coiin9<^IIu

18i2-53. ^Villl.■n> II. Br^wii.

1864-60. Jocepli f'oslor, Jr.

1867-CO. Jubi. M. BiaiiJiO.

18CI. HIrain Shoemaker.

1802. Ceorei- Slrelch.

lei:i. Juait). Siiiilh.

1801. Tligr.ii.s Wi.dlin'-lon.

1870. Siretdi IlarrW.

18:7-78. II. W.C.C.Ta}|..t.

187ii-S0. Swn.iitl AiiPliik.

It-ii-sj. Jobn P. IVx.

TOWNSHIP

i:!>:»-lSlrt. William Goodwin.

lT;)0-lSij;i, 1S15-2-.'. Tli..ma4 Han-
cock.

179!>-ISliil, H-.-I, 1S47, 18lVj-r..'. c.
Hall.

lSH>-3, 1SH-14. Ji'sepli Hall.

1S'.2, KSH-9. lurkiii Nicliolsim.

i:i!'-I»«i, lHi:-i. l;itlj«r.l Smith.

1803-1.'.. Juiiallmii Wa.ldiligl<.|i.
■ 1806-22. .lohli Ibompson.

1810. Samuel lirii'k.

181(1-14. Jo!iii G. llolmej.

1811-15. Bi>aj.>niin Griscom.

1815, 152C. Ai..lre\v Tbomireoii.

1810-17. l>..vis Nelson.

lMC-17, 1>-J -;:.. William Hall.

lsIC-22, 1.sj:-31. Aaron Wn.l.iilig-
ton.

1616-22.1827-11. Samuel I'nucoaft.

181S-28. Ar.iluiiiy Sel*in.

18ii.24, IS-:-:. Henr)- Kre.is.
: ls2a-21. Wo. I.mt I'cltit.
i 1825, 1827. W illiam Carpenter.

l».'5-2i".. PiilJ Gtlor.

I82.V William Thoupsou.
. 1828, 1s2.8-l:'.i. Andrew Smith.
; 1829-31. Morris Hall, Jr.

; I82n-:i5. Joi-.u Po»eii.

; 1832-i<9. Wil;i,-,ui NcUon.

1832-42. Tlua,.!* Sliowr.!,..

lS32-3». Jisepli Klark.
'. 18:16-37. Da» id Slrelcli-

Ib-W-IO. Simu.l Lli>pincutl.

lS4ii-4i. J.->eph toriiss.
' 1MIM2. Jo<cih .Va>U.r.
; 1841-12. J.hi. II. Patrick.
' IMa-17, lSi4. I.'-.Vj-M, 1>70, 1874.
Itichaid V-'.i.Jdin;;ton.

1813-46, IS.:i, isw. Henry Millir.

I84:l-4«,1S4--4!>,1804. JuahuaWad.
I dingtoo.

, 1843-49. Ji'-.alliaii Scnitcljjoiyl.
! 1815-40. .M-.u Hall.

COMMITTKE.

1S47. Thomas V..SK.

IslT-.-.o, ls5J-.v<. Heniy Mill, r

1>4^-,'.1, l.>Jii-5S, l$Ua-l.U. Jo-.|i.
Waddiligtuu.

181". rphraiui Sciiddor.

lS49-,-2. Cbarlfs B. lie! ve^.

U.'.ll-.-.2, ISiO-Ol, ItVS-tO. \Vili,.,n
IJ. Cariwntcr.

Wh^-5.3. Joseph Foster.

1852, ISVi. John 1). Hires.

18;<i-54. Lewis M. Go^-lwio.

lsi>3. Slteppard Hiiriia.

ISol. William llrowii.

1S54, 18e2-C8. Joseph Foster, Jr.
I 18.'>,'>. Kichard Cook.

ls.'>5. Jaiues Kobiueon.

Is.,:.. .IpImi G. Taylor.
', 1850-59. C.isper W. Thoinjvsun.
; 1s5G-o9. Pavid Counsellor.
', ls5g-U2. lliraDi Harria.
I 1859-01. Monia Goodwin, .Ir.
i 1802-6:1. John S. Xowell.
; 1803, 1S71V.72, 1876-82. A. Slnit!.
1 IlcevM.
I 1803. JoahuH Thomiiaon.

181) l-CO. Riclilnond Brow n.
i l.«04-75, l!-77-76. Suninel Poivell.
] lSii5,1870-SO. J-shuaWaddinglon.
; l«Cli-07. Samuel P. Smith.
' 1807-08. Sanincl C. Spiiiit-r.

1««S-C«, 1877. Jvhi! C. Hclmf ,.
' ISO!'. Kra'ucis G. W«l|.i..

1S70. William T. Guodwin.
.l(.7'l-7l. William Morriaon.

1871-75, Is-Sl-Si. Aoioa Harris
; 1871. Isaac Allen.

1872-73, ISTS. n. Henry Holmes.
' 1872, 1^7.■i-70. J. r. Fosl.r.

lN7.-7r,. John C..iiljs. llor.

1.-73, 1S7.-.. R. .M. .Vc'on, Jr.

1.^77-78. William Iliihmol.d.

1S8I-82. Knist A. Wa.ldingtoii.

CHOSEN rKEEHOI.DEKS.

1799-1800. Cli.iieiit lli.ll.
lSni-7. r.idtarl Smitll.
1801-2. Joseph llali.
1803-10. Ualkin Mrhnlsnn.
1SI)S-13, 1-17, 1S.'5-3u. John

Thomp".'!!.
1611, If 13-24. Morris Hall.
1SI2, l84S-tO. Joseph Tliolll|«au.
1816, 1S18-2S. Anthony Nelson.
1837-3(1. William Hall.
1831-40. Willi iin Cariicnter.
1837-38. John llnll.
18.39-50. WiilLim 11. Nelson.
1840-47. J-.s;pll Foster.
1811-44, ISIO 50. Benjamin S.

Holmes.
1845. David Stretch.
1"851. Willi.ni S. Goodwill.
1651-02. WllliaDi H. Nela.D.
1852, lS5.^.n Joseph Waddirig-

lt53-55. Willi.tm B. Carpenter.

ls.-,J-55. Cliarlea P,. I{..eve5.

1850-57. Clement Hall.

I6i'/-5S. John H. Patiick.

18.-.J. Jonulhab H Corli-s.

l.>-co-02. Casper W. TI.omp^oD.

1801. Johnson Freaa.

l8C2-6:i. Richmond Brown.

1803. Uiiam Shoemaker.

18C4-C0. John S. New. II.

18M. Sinllh P.obinaon.

186.V-G7. David B. Uina.

U67-0S, 18s2. John M. Brandlir.

lsC3-6i). Joshuc. Thomi son.

l!.0!l-70. Samuel t: Sl.riln;es.
I 1870-72. John G. Holuios.
I l»73-75. A. Smilh Reeves.
I 1870-78. Ainus Harris.
' ls71)-81. Samuel Pou.ll

rOM>l!bSIONJ,):S OF AI'PKAI..

1799-18'r2. William Wilso...
1799. John Craft.
1799. Sanin-I AMs.tt.
1603, ls|.---.'2 Thoniaa Ilan.-.jck.
ISiKi, le'^M'-. Daikin Siiholson.
l«(«-fl. Jost.!ali.omi«OD.
18fH-9. J.I r. 0. Holmes.
1807-9 J..'ej'. Hall.

IMU. Morris Hall.
isiu, 1823. Samuel Brirl:.
1811-11. Thnraas Mason.
1811-12. Joseph Thorol-on.
1811-15. Ileztki.ih Mewes.
leii-l.-i. EinJ.imiii Grip.;"!!!.
• 1817-'-';,1827-:i2 .s«imnel Panc-a
I8!B. Diivis Nelson.

T()WN<ini' u¥ LOWKR ALLOWAYS CUKKK.

421

l-'ir.. Anthony Xvljina.

1*IT-Qi. I'iT-aii. Aaron Wad.liug-

l>o.
lSil-2S. WiKvdimlt I'rUit.
U»-24, l-.'--.. ll^ur. Fr.!..
)#J1. Jul.n Tli.n Kun.
)-.'j-3.!, I*»»-;i. An.lrow Smilli.
).*i">-26. Dati.lGrwr.
ISJMC, l>i4S-54. Wni. CKri>«>'<>'r-
l?:j-3-=, l^"-'l- Jo!eliU BUck.
l<i!', l^iH-l.i William Thi.ni(»Mn.
l^.l^. John M. >innickson.
I*li-I3, \H:, l-oJ-tv;. Boiijamin

S. lIolniM.
]51'-SI. Willbtii n. Sclwii.
jil.V47, iK-j, IS-JO. Richiirtl Wn.l-

■llngloii.
isls-i-j. ( IrnK-nl Iliili.
!<»'>. J<Mo)ib Piinliam.
1&63^. riinrl-« H. Umvm.
lS:>j. John l>. Itin-j.
J=M. John H. Patrick.
I5.VW8 Sainu.:! Powfl!.

l<oiVi3. William Goodwill.
lS.'i7-j». Jonathntl H. CorliM.
IKA>. Jd^Iiili WaJ.lliiKton.
ISift-tl. Uiram i>lio.Miiak»r.
l^'■0-•'.l. JollU4->ri Frcv.
IS.'iv-W, lSr.T-C.1. P.4V1.1 Hir.T..
l«''.i-W. J>)spph Waihllntrtoli.
iM^-ii-.. Morris Oo"<lvriu, Jr.
Iv+Jii;, JSTS-Sl. SaniBol P.Sni
15fkV«i;. J.)hn W. BraiiJiB.
l-'V-tT. E(ihmiui Pilriok.
1S67-C9. rharlct Loper.
ls.;3-70. Morris ti.K.iWJcr.
ISTO. Jc3,e Patrick.
1STO-T5. Amos Harris.
l.«TI-'2. Charlf.'t II. Klwcll.
1^71-72. Kraii I.o|)cr.
l#7.i-7j. John a. Ilolmrs.
1»7i-S0. Ju«-|>li >l. WV.lhcil'!
H7l^S2. Josepli F.tfttT, Jr.
lS7i".. IsAKC Alltn.
liSl. Henry .\cton.
lis:. 1). Fraul; U >lmM.

Public Schools.— Ii is tlioupht tlint tlu-ro have
l.ceii e'.liu-:itii>iial a'.lv.iiila.i'o-' iu KUinbon) lor more
than Olio liumlretl aii'l fil'ty years. As long ago as
tliat llitre was one school near tlie centri- of the
to\vnslii|i. The names of teachers arc not rcinein-
hcre.l. It w.is a " pay sch'jol,'" snpiiortcd 1>y tuitions
or equivalent contriluitions.

Elsinboro, iindor the public .school law of the State,
is tlividcJ into two school districts, calKJ and nuin-
hcred as follows: Union, No. 2, and Elsinbi-ro, No. 3.
Church History.— There is only one church rdiCce
ill Klsiiib.iio, a fiiiall building nlinost on the border
of the city of Salein. in which worship a small con-
Rregalion of colored Methodists, niostl) resident in
Salein.

Throi'.crhout the township the various religions de-
nominations are represented, but church-goers are
roinpclled to attend divine services cither at t5a!eiii,
yiancock's liridgc, Quinton, or Allowaystown.

Tlierc was a Friends' Meeting, which disbanded
iii'ire llian oin." hundred years ago.

Industrial Pursuits.— Farming and market gar-
dening form the chief pursuits of the people of KMn-
boro. Much of the, land is not tillable on account of
iu swampy nature, biit many thousand acres have
lieeu reclaimed by judicious drainage, and measures
employed for keeping the tide from overflowing
them. "Tide-banks" were thrown up in Elsiiiboro
at a very early date.

On Mil! Creek a tide-mill was early constructed by
iJavid Morris and Thomas Hancock. It was not in
operation more than fifteen or twenty years.

At one lime, iu a comparatively early period in its
history, there were four breweries or distilleries in
the township, known a.s John Thompson'.s, Nielio!-
'"ii's, .Mi,iri-', and (Ieor:;e .VbU'.tl's.

('n.\PTi:R Lxvii.

■lOWN.slIlP OF I,OV,-K|{ .\I,I iiW.-WS curcK.t

Geograpllical. — This township forms the foulli-
western extension of Salem County. lis b'niu<laries
are as follows: Elsinboro, Salem, and Quinton on ilic
north and northea.st; Stow Creek and Groonwieli
(Cumberland Co. ) on the south and east; and Dela-
ware Uiver on the south and west.

Topographical aud Statistical. -In f'^rm this
township is very irregular. It has an area of twenty-
four thousand eiiiht hundred and eighty-live acres,
considerable of which is unlit, for cultivation, twelve
thousand acres being sail marsh, lying along the
Delaware between .VUoways and Slow Creeks. Tliree
thousand acres is reclaimed meadow-land. The .>ur-
facc is level, the soil is a dark loam, and in some
parts clay abounds. In the western portion pc:it-
beds have been worked. The township contains one
hundre«l and si.\ty-four faims, and the usual variety
of grain and vegot:iblcs is )n-oduced. '

Lower .VUoways Creek township is drained by
AUoways and Stow Creeks in the north and south
respectively, both (lowing tuto the Delaware, which
washe.s it." western boundary, and also receives as
tributaries, within the borders of the township, Mad
Horse and Hope Creeks, and other small streams
having their source in the mar^liy belt, bordering the
river.

Good roads are plentiful in the tillable major por-
tion of the townshi)), and the inhabitants, numbering
thir:eoa hundred and seventy-four in 18S0. are enter-
prising and pr.igre.ssive, and po.ssess a degree of ac-
tivity and intelligence necessary to insure the success
of a community.

'J'iie real estate of Lower AUoways Creek township
was assessed at .SG5.'{.770 in ISSl, the personal jirop-
erly at .■i380,7i>-l, and the total indebtedness was
?^24y,7ir>. The number of voters in the township was
330. The poll-tax amounted lo i:Z<)0, the school tax
to fl'Jsl, and the county tax to :?1>=52.

Original Purchasers and Early Settleracnt.'—
The largest portion of this township was purchased
from the Proprietor by those who came to America
from ]07(; to li>S3.

Ilcury and Anne Salter bought ]0,000, Edward
Waile IfiOO, Kobert Wade 500, William Hancock
inoo, Christopher White lOOf), Edward iJrailway
IDOO, and John MnlstalT lOOO acres.

Iiclow the Salter line, adjoining Stow Creek, Wil-
liam IJradway, son of Edward, purchase.d OoO acres.
John Smith, of Ambelbury, owned 7'») acres norlli
of AUoways Creek, adjoiiiiag Smith's land.

John Eenwick deeded 2iioU acre= to liis daughter
Priscilla, the wife of Edward Chanipiiey. Edward
and his wL^e sold several hundred acies to George

1 P.y SI. 0. Koifi.

• Conlrtbutp'l Uj Tli <i,i»9 :^lu

422

HISTORY OF SALEM COUNTY.

Deacon. The lauil was boun'led on the west by Jolin
Smith's la:iJ. Geor>.'e Deacon sold his land to Abel
Xii-liolson, ;ilioiit 10*i, Am\ removed to Burlington
County.

Abel Xieluilsoii left tlie Dcat-on i>ropcrty tol.issoii,
Jobn Xicho!s,>n.

E<l>v:ird Wade disposed of all of liis land in AMo-
way.< Creek township, trnn--fcrrin!r OOd acres to hi*
nephew, Chailes Oakford, oOO acres to Nathaniel ,
Chamblesj. and the residue to William Waddinjrloii,
a young man who had recently arrived from ICngland,
und who was the projrenitor of the large family of the
\\'addinL'tons who reside in Salem County at this
time. Part of the family sold the homestead about
fifteen years ago.

Robert \Vade, brother of Kdward, sold .JOO aere.^ to
Anthony Page, and he in ICiSo sold the sanic tract to
Joseph Ware for forty-seven pounds. The greater
part of it is owned by members of the Ware family |
At tbi^ date. !

Edward Wade deeded 150 acres to his brother, \
Samuel Wade, who became ipiite a distinguished
man in the first settlement of this county, and whoM>
sons, .Siimnel and Joseph Wade, were the progenitors
of some of the most prominent men ever reared in
South Jersey.

William Hancock arrived in this county in 1G77,
and t.iolc possession of his allotment, which was sur-
veyed for liim by Richard Hancock, who at that time
was Fenwick's surveyor. William Hancock died in
1779, and left tv.-o sons, John and William Hancock.
He left all his real estate to his widow, Isabella Han-
cock, and she subsequently sold imehalf of the Han-
cock allotment to John Maddo.\, and he sold part of
it to hi.s .s(in-in-la\v. James l)enn. and the balance
lo Jeremiah Powell, in 1700. No part of the Deun
property is in the family at this date. Jeremiah
Powell, Jr., sold some 300 acres, in 17011, to Edward
Chaniblcsi Hancock. Part of the Jeremiah Powell
purchase, lying on the creek, is still owned by the
Powell family.

I«abrlla Hancock left oUO acres of the allolnicnl to
her eldest son, John Hancock. The latter built the
bridge across Alloways Creek, opposite his projierty,
about 170o, and in 1707 the Salem County Court
appointed commi-ssioners to "lay out a public high-
way from Salem, by John Hancock's new bridge, to
the town of Greenwich." John Hancock died a
young man. He left one son, Williasn Hnncock, who
possos'ied more than common abili'.ies. [n addition
to v.-hat he inherited, he aciHinnilafed large landed
estates in Elsinboi-o i-nd ],owcr Venn's Neck, and was
one of the leading politicians of his time, serving as
£ member of the I<egis!ature for twenty year? in suc-
cession. He Wrts killed in liis own hou-:e by the
British in 177S.

Ciiristopber Whitc'.s estate, adjoin'jd Hancock's oa
tlie east. He too was an important man at the limo
'jftlic settlement of this township. He built on his

property, in ICOO, the first large brick dwelling :
South Jersey. The brick of which it was construi ■. ,
were hrouL'ht from England. It w.is taken duwi^ :
IS")!, at which time there was not a crack in the i>-.'.i;
The property was inherited by his grandson, Jo-u).
White, who sold it to Joseph Stretch, about 173i|, .r ;
removed to Mount Holly, Burlington Co.

Edward Hr.idway's allotment lay to the e^i-i .
White's land. It appears that Edward r.rad.'. :■.
never resided on his property in Lower Allou:i;, .
Creek. He deeded three hundred acres of it to !,;.
daughter M.iry, wife of William Cooper, the balan.,-
to his two sons, Edward and William Bradw.iy, w!, ,
sold a large portion of it to John Beasley, wlii.-,
name attached iiseif to the locality long known u-
Beasley's Neck. None of the property remain- i;i
either the Bradway or Beasley families.

There is no evidence that .Tolin MalstaO' ever re
sided on hi» land. He sold it to different parlie-.
Richard Johnson, of Salem, bought five hundril
acres, which extended into what is now (Juinlini
township.

.-Vnna .Salter sold part of her ten thousand acres i.i
different persons. Neal Daniels was a large pur-
chaser. .-Vmong the buyers were the Barbouvs, N.i-
tlmniel Cainbless ILincock, John Mason, and Jolii:
Thompson, of Elsinboro, and Jol-n Briggs, but fuil>
one-half <if the Salter allotment p.nsscd into the ]»>-
session of "squatters."

Isaac Sharp, of Mannington, purchased nineteen

hundred acres of .\nna Salter, the greater part of i'

salt marsh, lying on the bay side, and one hundred

acres of " fast" land.

The above-described allotments and purchases are

believed to include all of the land in Lower .Vlloway-
' Creek township, and it is thought all of the prominent
', settlers have been mentioned.

Following are the family names of prominent re-i-

dents of Lower Alloways Crock townshij) from It"'"
' to 1?30: ADen, .\bbott, Bradway, Butcher, Bo.vcn.
i Brown, Baker, Carll, Corliss, Beasten, Denu, Dub'.ls.

English, Fogg, Finlaw, Findlcy, Fox, Garrison, Gil''.

Gricr, nildrcth, Harris, Hancock, Howes, Jayio, .T.;l'

gard, Morrison, Maskell, McCallister, Mniford, Ne!

son, Powell, l^lummer, Peterson, Steward, Sfrctiii.

Simi'kiris, Smith, Sb.ourds, Thompson, Tracy, ai.d

Turner.
Organization. — The territory now cmb.'-acci'. t"-
' liOwcr and I'pper .Mloways Creek'and Quiut'm wa-

formerly known as "Monmouth Precinct," and ori.'

inally contained sixty-four thousand acres. In 17'"

an act wai passed by State authority giving the in-
I habitants of Alloways Creek, as the territory ba '
• then come to be known, power to diviile the t'>\'ii-

ship, a /neaiur? which was clfccted by the foIl'W'i;-
' nan.nd cominissioners, the last n\cntiopcd of wli'cs

act(d as surveyor: Benjamin Thompson, of the T;i>).' •'

District; John Stewart, of the Lower District; an ;
■ Elnat'.ian Davis, of Cumberland ; and since ih-it ti':i''

TOWNSHIP OF lo\vi:r alloways chi:i:k.

433

tlierc have bei.-n two townsliips, known as " Lower"
iiiiii " Upper Alkiways Creek," the former beiiiir rec-
ognized as the parent division. The name Alloways
wa.- given in memory of AlUiways, tlie Indian ehiof.

Civil List.— ITiiforiunately, lliere are no township
bc'jk~ of record to be found in the office of tlie present
township clerk, except the minutes of the meetings of
the town?hip committee since ISGO, and in<iuiry of
the clerk and of other well-knoivn citizens fails to
elicit any inform.itiou as to the existence of earlier
or more complete records.

The Township Committeemen since the date
named have bccu .■>.> follows:

IsCO, IfW. Snuiucl ra:rick.
If^rtWCl, ISO. RuUii Iluichor.

ISCO, ISTU. Tli'jniM SliourOs.
1SC0-B2. Ij.wi» S. Curll.
lSt51-62. Jmuif Bjkcr, Jr.
lS61-«2, l*<>4-i;5, 1m'.9-"0. Richanl

lreli»ii.
1Sfl2-e3. JnmwT. Ituliluwn.

na-tA, xma. jct^t r.ittict:.

I««, IS67-05, lSTt-73. Jt». linker.
1$E3. L'JninuJ C.-x.
IWS-W, 1>'7.»-7.1. Pcier ll.itrl«.
Id04-G&. jAines II. Fogg.
\H4. VViUiam K..«*^r.
lini, 1677. Jeremiah ruwrll.
UK, IKG;-(». Amoa lUrris.
1867-C9, 1880- Si. Epiiruim Cm II,

Jr.
18f.7-&i. JiMJi.Ii U. lin.lHw.

1867-r.9. Eniu V. English.
lsr.9. JubSlrrlch, Jr.
ISCO-70. CliarlM Hires.
lf7iJ-72. Wail.lington Bnclw.iv.
1871-73. Luke S. K»pg.
1871-73, 1»77-7S. Wni. U. II. Cnrll.
1871-72. Rich.ir.l Stri'tch.
18T3. Bichanl M. I>*tU.
1874-7C. Jobs. Hixoo.
1374-70. Ed».ira W. Suilth.
1S74-7.-., 1877-78. Morris C. Kows.-r.
1374-7S. ThoniHS .K. Maakell.
IS7C. Ilichard Fr<-a«.
l»7C-7.f. Qui.il..n P. Harri?.
1877-79. Ilenrj- Eiwcll.
1879-60. W. %Vlri(li'IJ Patrick.
I'<79. I>aiic y. iLivlt.
l.S80-*2. WKldliittun B. Ridswajr.
18SU. lb-iij»miu .Vllen.
1S8l-»'.'. Mark T. tlllllaid.

Burial-Places. — The Soi-iety of Friends opened
the first burial-j)lace in the township, in IGs-l, north
of .^lloways Creek. The second was opened by the
Presbyterians, on Stow Creek, about 1700. .About
1770 the Baptists established a cemetery adjoining
the one lu>t mentioned, which has long included it.
The Friends purchased land and opened a second
graveyard near Haruiersvillc, about 17S0. About
1830 the Metliodists prepared a burying-jjrouud be-
tween Hancock's bridge and Hariner.-vii'e, near the
latter p!.".cc. It is thought that early in the history
of the township burials were made by some families
on their honiestcads. Sach graves, if nuy there were,
have disappeared.

VlLl,.*Gr.S .\N|) IIAMLKTS.

Hancock's Bridge.— Tlic most important point in
Lower .VUoways Creek township, historically and in
some other respects, is Hancock's Hridge, a village
pleasantly .situated on Alloways Creek, distant five
miles south from Saleui and fifty-four miles south
from Trenton. It contains a post-oflice, a Friends'
mectiiig-liousc, a MeihoJist Church, a canning estab-
lishment, two stores, an undertaking and furniture-
shop, a blacksmith- and wlieelwriglit-shop, and a
goodly number of dwellings, the most interesting
structure being the f.dj Hancock house, in which oc-
curred the atrocious nms-iacre by the I'.ritish during
tlic Itevo'iition, clsewhire referred to in this work at
leuglh.

There have been three stores, old and well known,
kept at Hancock's Bridge, which have, fros'.i their
location, come to be known as tlic '"upper," ''mid-
dle," and " lower" stores. The former is now clo-vd.
Among incrchant.s who have traded there have been
Thomas Reeves. Dubois >>t Van Meter, .lohn II. Lam-
bert, William Bradway, liichard Waddington, .lohn
Welch, Luke S. Fogg and .ToIdi H. Patrick, Sarauel
Patrick, William Waddiiigton, Kdward S. Carll, Oarll
& Hires, and Carll A: Brother. The following are
weU-rcmcmbered occupants of the "middle" store:
Charles Mulford, William Bradway, Plummer &
Thompson, William Morrismi, .Tarvis Hires, Evan
Jenkins, .Tames Brailway, Cti.-irles M. Carll, .Vbner
P. Fox, and Gitben & Irelan. James Butcher is the
present one. Martin Bradw,\y, William C. Laiiing.
Jason Ogden, Carll it Denn, and John Carll occupied
the '"lower" store prior to lS-50. Since tliat date Wil-
liam E. Scudder has been proprietor. .M diCereut
times there has been a store kept on the south side of
Poplar Street. The first merchant there was William
Waddiiigton, who Iiad several successors, one of
whom, Jacob .\ctoii, was followed by Joseph Kline,
who was the !.n-t, the store having been closed for
nearly two years. A historical store in Salem County
was the early store of W'illiam Hancock and Joseph
Thompson, both of whom were killed in the massacre
of 1778.

There have long been blacksmiths and wheelwrighi-;
plying their trades in the village. .Xmoiig these may
be mentioned William Dunn, Josei>h P"wclson, and
.John Siiepp:ird, the present rei'resentative of these
crnfr^:, who has kept open shop for ten years.

J. M. Smit!",, furniture dealer and undertaker, began
business in Hancock's Bridge in IS.iO.

From time immemorial uniil the abolition of li<eM-e.s
throughout this part of the county there was ii tavern
in the village. Its occupants and keepcis have beeu
iio numerous as to baffle any attempt to give their
names.

Hancock's Bridge has long been a shipping-point
for country produce. In this branch of trade James
Butclier and Lewis Carll are engaged somewhat e.'c-
teusively.

Harmersville. — Hurmer-ville, near the old Log-
town settlement, with which it is sometimes con-
founded, was named in honor of Ebenezer Ilarmer,
who married a woman of jiroperty, and located there
some thirty years ago or more. lie ojiened a store,
in which h.e w.is succeeded by Jesse Carll, William
; Carll, .Samuel Il.illiday, and the f>resent ])ropriotor,
William Car'l. Another store ba.s for some time been
kept by Joseph Kline. Tiiouias Ale and James
St.ickhouse are blacksmith-, Fiederick TruUeiider a
niachini.sl and wheelwrigiit, and Charles Deiui an
undertaker. The.se persons tri.nsact the business of
the place, which, be.sidc3 the buildings occupied by
Ihein, eoutuins about a dozen dwcliin^^s and a school
' house.

424

HISTORY OF SALEM COILXTY.

Cantou. — Canton is a p'.easunt village aud post-
town, situateil ne;ir the soullit:i-itern bfuniilary of tho
tonnsliip, iiiuc miles south of Salem. It was formerly
known as New Canton.

There was e.".rly a store where Josiali Paiiliirs
house now is, aud which was torn down about 1S.!S
or 1S40. It was occupied, at dilFereiit times, by Isaac
English, Dr. David Jayne (who was born at Han-
cock's Bridge, and lived there and at Canton previous
to his removal to Philadelphia). George Githcns,
Samuel Gilheni, William Plun\mer. aud others. The
first store at the Corners was kept by Joseph Hancock,
and later liy William W. Lawrence and Richard Green.
The present merchant there is .T..hn P. Shcppard, who
began to trade in 1S77, and bought the old Methodist
Church and converted it into a store in 1*7'.'. Another
store is kept by Isaac X. Davis. In the lower part of
the village a .store was early kept by Frank Pearce
(colored). Daniel Hood and Richard Stretch have
been later merchants in that ipiarter.

Former wheelwrights were Thomas Sayrcs and
others. James Zane is the present one.

Canton has two stores, a P>a)iti>l Churcii, a canning
establishment, a wheelwright-shop, a school-house,
and about a dozen dwelling*.

Public Schools.'— Lower AllowayslVeek is liiviiled
into rra:iklin D\<trict. Xo. 4; Harmersvillo District,
Xo. C; Canton District, Xo. 7 ; Friendship District,
Xo. 8; Cross-Roa is District, Xo. 0.

The subject of education was one that earlv
entered into the minds of the people of the town-
ship, but in former times, when the population was
sparse and the houses few and far between, the same
facilities for education did not exist that do now.
The school-hou=fs, which were generally )>0(>r afVairs,
were only kept oijcu during the winter season, arjil
the child who wished more than the customary
winter quarter generally had to go elsewhere to get
it. Then, ns now, some few of the wealthy residents
i^ent their children away to .«ome boarding-school to
be finished, but that was the exception and not the
rule. The mode of raising nioi:cy previous to the
time of the adoption of the present State law was
for each township to raise such sum a.s was thought
fulncient for the i>urposc, in addition to the amount
appropriated by the Slate, which sum was appor-
tioned an)ong the diflerent school.'? by the town super-
intendent of schools, who had general charge of all
the schools in the township. The schools were under
the control of trustees, five in number, wlio each had
charge of a single school. The money which was
raised by ta.\ was first apportioned by the toivn super-
intendent, and then t!ie trustees aiiportioncd to each
scholar attending his share of said public money,
and the balance of the amount needed to pay the
expenses of said scholar was paid by the pujiil him-
•self. In looking over some old documents in our

' Contributed b} tlie Utt Sam;:cl C. Fancoasl.

possession we find that the amounts charged t!i,,-
scholars tor tuition from the year ISSO to IS'iil w;i>
two dollars per ([uarter, and the amount of to«-n>!ii|i
tax for the same time was often not over two dollar-
per year; this, with the interest arising from the sur-
plus revenue ami school fund, making about fmr
hundred dollars per year. There were seven sclior.l
districts in the township previous to 1S4G, but iu lli;'i
year the township school committee (officers who ha.l
charge of the schools previous to the day of kv.vi,
superintendents) set off another distiict, known a-
District Xo. 8. This conimittee was the last ap-
pointed previous to the change in the law. Th.-
members were Ephraiin Turner, Thomas Shour.U,
and Wiliiam Powell. The first two, who are quiic
aged, are living at the jiresent time; the hater diii
many years ago. 'I'he first town superintendent wa.
Benjamin I. Harris, and the last oue Samuel C. Pan-
coast, who was the iucunibent when the office was
abolislied. The first school-houses in the lownshi|.
were generally built by subscription. The old
school-house on Allownys Creek Xeck was built in
that manner, the ground being don:ited by Mark
Stewart. This old building stood in the woods near
Hancock's Bridge, and was moved down the Xeck in
1824.

The first trustees were Joseph Pancoast, lOdwuril
Waddinglon, Joseph P.owen, Benjamin Harris, aiil
Mark Stewart. Probably Joseph Pancoa>t was tin-
first teacher, and after moving to Philadeli>hi.v in
182.'^, he came back in IS-liO, and was again a trustee
of said school for sevrial years. The old school-
house in the village of Hancock's Bridge was also
built in the same manner, on:.- of the principal con-
tributors being an aged Friend, residing in the ncigli-
borliood, uamed Joseph Thompson, who also assisted
in building a school-house in the yarrl belonging to
the Society of Friends, adjoining their meeting-house
in the village of Hancock's Bridge. This school,
after the change in the school l!;w depriving them
of the benefits accruing from the public money, was
abolished. Thomas Shourds for many years wiis a
very active and energetic trustee of this .school, which
turned out many good scholars, some of whom made
excellent teachers. Among the teachers of tliis school
were Allie H. Paul, .Vrinie T. Shourds, Ellzahclh
Shourds, JIary Cradway, Cornelia Hancock, Lydia
C. Woodward, of Unionville, Chester Co., Pa., Han-
nah Croa.sdale, from Pennsylvania, and Aiinie T.
Pancoast, from Philadelphia. This undoubtedly
was the best school in the township at that tiiiK-.
and the equal probably of any in the county.

ECCI,)JiIASTII'.\L lU.STOKV.

Friends. — A regular meeting of Friends v,as held
at the house of .fames Demi from 1(570 to IGSO. Tl.'-'
further history of the Friends' .Society i:i Loiver .A lie-
ways is thus given by Thomas Sl.ourd-;, Fxj.:-

- IliKti.rjf of FcrmUk'j C"Iony, n :;37, Z'M. tSTi;.

TOWNSHIP OF LOWER ALLOWAYS CUEKK.

425

"In tlic yi-.ir ltiS-1, E'in;ir<l Cliaiiij>iit-y and Jolin
.-inilli c;ioli dee led half an acre of ground t<p Cliris-
tiiplier While and Sanuicl Wade, — one lor a nieeting-
lioiHe. tlie dtlu-r lur a jrraveyard. Tlie ground was a
inrrier ol'eaeh of tlieir lot- mu Monnionth Kiver. The
same year Salem Moulldy Meetins of l-Vieuds agreed
with Cliri?to|>lR-r to builil a uieeting-honse ou one of
the said lot«, the cost uf the building not to exceed
forty ponnds. lie was al-o directed to clear a road
from the King's Highway to the mectingdiouso, for
which he charged ten pounds more. In U$o the lirst
religious meeting w;is held there, and so continued
until ITlJS. The greater part of the members resided
on the soii'.h side of the treclc, and there being no
bridge at that period, they were put to great inconve-
nience in getting to meeting. Jo.-eph Ware gave the
Friends a bu of ground on his plantation on the smith
side of the creek, the deed having been given in 1717.
As soon as the mecting-honse was finished the mem-
bers on (he north side of Monuioulh Itiver were at-
tached to .Salem Particular Meeting. The families
were the Abbotts, Stubbinses, Mosses, and Tylers.
The meeting-house was abandoned about that time, I
but the graveyard was used for a number of years
after the meetings ceased to be held at that )dace.
The Pricuds sid.sc'iuently iiurcha^cd a lot of ground
on the sonih side of the creek, n^'ar Ilarmersville,
for a bnrying-ground, which has been the principal
place of interment up to tliis time. A number of
persons, however, have been buried in 'he ancient
graveyard .since tiie mcnd)crs of the s„ciely in a
nic;i*nre abandoned it. Such families as the Wad-
dingtons, Hancocks, Carlls, and a few others were
desirous to be laid with their ancestors. The princi-
pal families that were members of AUow.-iys Creek
.Meeting at llie time al^uded to were the Whites,
lir.idways, Hcnns, Wares, Chauible-Ms, Oakfords, .
Wades, Danielscs, Hancock.", islrctches, liarbers, and .
several olher.s. Friends continued to hold their meet-
ing in the house built ou the Ware properly until the
year 175G. Jn U-Oa, William Hancock d.-cded a lot
of ground to the members of Allow.ays Creek Par-
ticular Meeting for a meeliiiL.' hou^e site, as it was a
Wore convenient location. The lioiisc was built at
two dilterent periods of time, the oldest portion in
1756, the new, as it is called, in 17S4." i

Among prominent speakers in the Friends' Meet-
ings in Lower Alloways Creek was James Daniels, .
who made a tour of Furopc, and was regarded as a
iiian of unciimmon ability and unquestioned piety.
Kdward IJridway and .Vnna Br.idway, his wife, were
>>peakersnf note. The name of Ilachel Hancock will
not Eoon be forgotten. The present speaker, a woman
''( exceptional brilliancy of thought, noted for the
beauty and force of her language, is Mary Bradway,
a sister of Thomas Shourds.

The member?hip of this society has fallen olf con-
siderably during late years, and does not now number
''"ore than thirtv-live.

Presbyterians. — The records of the Presbyterian
diu:vh (iiicc lucaicd at Logtown.near Ilarmersvillo,
sceni to have been irretrievably lost. Johnson says
this churcli was founded in 17'>0, and that the most
prominent members were James Sayre, Joseph
Hildreth, liichard Moore, a man named Woodruft'
(tliought by Thomas ShourJs to have been Thomas
WoodrulV). and Thomas Padgeit, Jr. Solomon Du-
bois, a young man from Pittsgrovc, Henry WunJ,
George Gricr. Sr., and a few others became meinbeis.

The church was supplieii occasionally by Kevs.
Faithoute, Hunter. Smith, Eakeii, aud Sciienck. In
1707, liev. Nathaniel Harris became pastor, surren-
dering the charge in ISOO, and removing to Trenton.
In ISOl the Kev. David Edwards, from Wales, as-
sumed the |)asloral relation, remaining until ISO"),
when he removed to Cape May.

It is not thought that the membci'ship of this so-
ciety was at any time large. The house of worship
was taken down about sixty years ago.

Baptists.— JJecords dated March 29, ISOO, sliow thai
stei>s were taken by the Uaptir.t residents of tlie neigh-
borhood of New Cantou preparatory to the erection
of a meeting-house. It is recorded that on March 12,
1S12, "the neighb'>rhood met at meeting-house to
chooso trustei>s." It is suppo-ed liev. Henry Smal-
Icy, pastor of the Cohansey Haplist Church, and Hev.
Joseph .Sheppard, of the Salem Church, preached in
the neighborhood occasionally, hence the ereciion cif a
place of worship before the con.-titution of a cluirch ;
aud in this house, which occupied the site of the
present building, the constituent members gathered
and the council of Nov. 12, 1;'12, convened.

Oct. 17, ISIS, twenty-six persons from the Salem
Bajitist Church, and five from the Cohansey Church,
aggregating thirty-one, were dismissed to form the
nucleus of the new organization. The folbuviiig arc
the names of the constituent members: From the
Salem Church: Abraham Harris, Joseph Elwcll,
William Simkins, John JIulford, John I'indley, Jere-
miah Anderson, Kachel Vanhizle, Elizabeth Sayre,
Elizabeth Mulford, Mary Elwell, Mary Simkins,
Plicbe Finlcy. Eleanor Anderson, Orplia Emerson,
Mary Harris, Mary Mills, .Sarah lioon, Hannah Grif-
fith, Hannah Anderson, Rachel Mulford, Hannah
Simkins, Naomi Stretch, Hannah Dilks, liiilh Asli-
lon, Anna Lowen, Mary Mills. From Cohansey
Church : Robert Watson, Charles JIulford, Hannah
Watson, Mary Simkins, Hannah Corliess.

The council, consisting of Itev. Henry Smai ley and
Rev. Joseph Sheppard, convened Nov. 12, 181 S. l\[r.
Smallcy preached, aud it is said "all things were
done decently and in order." On the afternoon of
the same day, Abraham Harris and John MnlforJ
were chosen deacons, and Charles JIulford was elected
clerk.

Previous to the eoiiititution of the fluircl) liiero
M.oriis to hav." been an understanding with Thomas
J. Kitts, of WilmiiigtOii, Dei., that he should act a-

426

HISTORY OF SALKM COUNir.

.-.ipply. with n viow t > tlio [):i>t..r.i'.o. Xov. 17, l^H,
Rev. Mr. Kitt- bri'U-h: a lotti-r of <li^iiii~^ii>ii I'r.xii
the WiltiiiiiLrr.in Ciuinh. aii.l Di-oemlier v'>tli tollowin:^
lie wai oril.iiiu'.l pa-t.ir of tlic C.iiit.ui Ciuircli. lliir-
iiiir liis ii:\<toriti; a ti...ir.! of iru-:e>- \va* clio-f!-., .011-
si^liii^ of Joliii Mulford. Jo^i.|.|i Kwell, .laiiu's
Ijutcher, David I'.>vveii, aiij Ch:irlc> Miilf'-ni. A
coiiiniunioii service aivl tal'tc wore i>re>eiitO(l liv the
Salem C'liiirch. H.-l-ort \Vat~oti was clio<en deacou
in |«Iaee of John ^fuifonl, and Charles Mulford jiic-
cecded David rioivcn as clerk. Au^-. 10, li.Ul, it w.-xs
resolved to apply far adiiii5>ion to the Xew Jersey
Baptist Association, and a lett-.r was prepared and
delegates were appointed. Rev. >[r. Kitt.s closed his
labors March 11, 1520.

April 8, lS-0, Rev. John P. Cooper was called as a
supply for one year. The relation was continued,
and he remained three years and ten months. Feb.
24, 1S24, Rev. Kbenezer Jayue, of Tuckahoc, became
pastor, at a salary of one hundred and twenty dollars
for the first yi-ar, at the cxpiraiiMn of which time the
relation was continued by unanimous vote, and he
remained two years and three months, dyin- in the
pastorate. A monument near the church bears this
iu.-v:ip*.icii :

"Elder Ebenczer Jaync. born Feb. 10, 17'<4; died
while pastor of this church. May 27, lS2o, in the
seventy-fifth year of his age."

April 7, 1S27, Rev. John P. Thompson, of the Port
Elizabeth Ciiurch, became pastor, and remained three
years and two months. During his pa-torate a spirit
of uokiudness, wliicli seems to have origiuated years
previous, was fully disclosed, and the council recom-
mended by the .V^ociation in 1S27 13 settle this diffi-
culty was refused by a resolution pa--ed Feb. f, 1<2S.
declaring i: '-.again-t the independence and di-nity
of tlie church, and contrary to Scripture and dis-
cipline." He having removed from the imui'^diate
vicinity, Kev. Mr. Tlii>nip3on w:w granted a letter to
Cohansey Church, June 12, ISO'i. July 10, ISOO,
Enoch M. Parker, a licentiate of the U'ood:.to«n
Baptist Church, became supply, and on June 8, ISSl,
a council was called for his ordination. He ch.scd
his labors March 9, 1>33. During his pastor.ite it
was agreed to rent the pews, and Epl.raini Turner was
appoiuted clerk. Rev. John P. Cooper served as
supply four months, when Kev. John Miller, of Al-
loway.stown, wa.s called as sujipiy for one year, and
became pastor, and so sei'ved four years and nine
months. Daring this period the church voted to
withdraw from the New Jer.-cy Association because
it h.-id permitted changes in the articles of faith.

Towaids the clo-p of Rev. Jfr. ."Miller's j.a-torate
the church bcc:imj .iividcd in their vi--.vs and fetl-
ing.-> concerning him. and a council w.is unanimourly
called, by whose d-.i-i-ion b'.th parlies agreed to
abide. The decision was di-regarde I by the Miller
fa..;ion, however; a divi.iion '^ccuried, and t!ie mi-
nority, with the pa-tor at their head, kit the ciiurch. .

Aiur time had been given tlie>e di»alVcctcd invui':. ■-
tor rciiectiou, and an opportuniry to return aiVir'.
them, by advice of the former council. Rev. .I.,'.-
Mil'.or and over thirty others were excluded from '.i;.
co-nmuiiioii and fellowship of the church, .\u-. :.•
1S37. Tliese aud their adherents erected a hou>o ■ ;
wo^^hip near by. adopted tlio Old School confe?<i..n . f
faith. Rev. Mr. .Aliller became p.i-tor, and s.-rvi. . .
were held regularly for some year^. After Mr. YiW.
Ier"s resignatitm other preachers occupieil tlie pulpi:.
but the inteie-t subsided, and eventually the buil.H:,,-

was Sold, removed, and devoted to school pur) -.

For al>out a year succeeding the sef^aralioii. Ephrjin,
Turner, a licentiate, already referred to, with J..!,.,
P. Cooper and Johrt Huston, supplied the pulpit, an. i
at the expiration of that time Kev. William Ru;l,iv,
of Philadelphia, became pastor, and was instrument ^
in reunitiug the church with the New Jersey Rapti.-l
Association. The old tVame church gave way to a ni.-.t
and substantial brick structure, forty feet by si.Nty, ani
the;isperity and bitterness of the p.astwcre greatly al-
layed duriug Mr. Ruddy's four years' pastorate. Rev.
William G. Xice, from Philadelphia, was pastor from
July 7, 1S42, to March 21, lS4i;. Rev. Willi.ru
Bowcn, of Friskville, X. Y., was called as .supply f-r
a year, and became and continued pastor until Jlanli
2J, 1S40. Sept. S. K^40,— the church having in the i:i-
terval been supplied by Rev. Joseph X. Folwell ami
Ephraim Turner, — Rev. George Sleeper, of Medfoni,
X. J., accepted t!ie |)astorate, and served with muci;
success. He rc-igncd March 11, 18>'>. and died in
Vincent, Chester Co., Pa., March Id, ISoG.

Henry B. Shermcr served some months as supply.
Oct. 13, lS5-r., Rev. William Pike.of Balligomingo, Pa.,
accepted a call, and was pastor until March 2-"p, IS-J'.'.
May 7th, following, Rev. Samuel C. Dare, a licen-
tiate of the Pitt-grove Baptist Church, was received
as supply, and w.is onlained and installed ai i^a-tor
June '.'th, the relation coniinuiiii; until Sept. 2o, ISOo.
Rev. AVilliam C. Cnrnwell, of Philadelphia, was pas-
tor iVoni Xov. 15, LSCy, to February, l-^UO ; Rev. Jere-
miah W. Marsh, of Bloomingdale, X. J., from .\pril
7. \>')'i, to Dec. 10, 1S';9. Jan. 10. 1.S70, Eugene .Man-A-
field B'.iyrn was called as su|)|)ly, bringing a letter of
dismissal from the Twelfth P.aptist Ciairch, Philadel-
phia. In 1S7(} the Association held with the church
of Woodstown refused to recognize him as an accred-
ited minister, ao'l to place his name as such on ilie
records. Xof.vitI,-tandiug this he was called as p:.--
tor Xoveuiber 12th, by a large majority ; but, owing to
the dissatisfaction of the minority and his unsettlel
relations with the Association, he resigne<l, anil wa-
disini-isrd by letter to X'ewton, Md., Jan. 7, l.-^rl.
Rev. Saniuel Hughes, of Camden, was pastor fP'ia
May 1.3, l.:v71, to March D, l-;72. Rev. E. .AI. Barker,
of Blackwoodtow n, X. J., who had served the churcli
lii'l-'iZ, was culkd, by a unanimous vote, March 24,
1-72, and resigned May 4. Is74. During his p.istora'.''
a new roof Wi.s [jut on the church and a pulj.it re-.—

TOWXSIHl' UF I.OWEU PK^:^■^5 XKCK.

427

f I

.idilc<3. Charles Warwick, (i lifcntiato from Cape
May, \va» a supply for a tinio. Frank Speiu-or, a li-
centiate of the West Meri<lcn,Ci>nii., Baptist Cluireh,
bocamp a supply Deo. 7, 1S74. He was onlaincd and
iiistalli'd a> p;i-!tor Marcli IS, 1$7'>. and rcsirtied after
a successful adrninistratjiin March 10, 1S77. The
succeeding |>iistor was Ilev. M. Moore Fogg, wiio
was called itninediately upon the resignation of licv.
Mr. Spencer. His successor was the present pastor,
Kcv. Charles P. De C:unp.

The present nieinhership of this church is nearly
four hundred, and besides the " Home" or Canton
S'.inday-sehiMil, tiiere are connected with it schools
known as the Hill Neck, Cross-Koads. Uarniersvillc,
Harmony, and Stow Creek Sunday-schools ; the prop-
erty, consisting of the house of worship, parsonage
and Sexton's house, and five acres of land, being lo-
cated in an agricultural ^e(rtion, with a large ter-
ritory surrounding it unoccupiid by other Baptist
Churches.

Methodists. — Formerly there w.is a >[ethodist
Church at Canton. The society was regularly organ-
ized and owned a house of worship. Owing to causes
not necessary to name here the society gradually grew
weaker and weaker, till its existence was nearly nomi-
nal, and a few years ago the church edifice was sold
and cosiverted into a store.

The Methodi.st.s of H;inc.ock's Bridge and Harmers-
ville and surrounding ciuntry purchased a lot at Jlar-
mcrsville, of Peter Stretch and wife, in IS-'Jo, and built
a church thereon. The society )iurchased a .-eci>nd lot
of Richari! Mcdford and wife, at Hancock's Bridge,
in IS-li', and the ])resent house of worship has been
Jtanding since about that date.

Industrial Pursuits. — The leading industry of
tliis t(]wnship has long been agriculture. The soil
of the township is mea-^urably productive. Much
labor has been expended in reclaiming marshy lands.
The iidiabitanls dwelling on both sides of .\lloways
Creek, in 1007, obtained a law authorizing the erection
of a dam to stop out the creek a few rods above Han-
cock's Bridge. It was completed, but, as the result
of neglect, broke, and wa-s never afterwards rep:iircd.
Since then millions of tons of wood and lumber have
pas.sed over the site of this ancient dam, and many
vessels have been built farther up the creek and floated
dowr) past this place.

The canning-faclory of >ressrs. Garrison & Shep-
pard, at Canton, was established in 1S8I. The, prin-
cipal product is canned tomatoes. A large and in-
creasing business is done, and from fifty to ninety
hands are employed during the season for canning,
and several in the tin-shop manufacturing cans.

Me-s^rs. Starr Brothers, of Salem, in 18S2 put in
operation a canning establishment nt Hancock's
Bridge. The factory proper is a building one hun-
dred and twenty-two feet by sixty-two. Au anne.x,
mexsuriug fifty-two feet by thirty, with twei;ly-two-,
feet posts, is used as a packing-room. The enterprise

of the proprietors of this establishmeiil and its favor-
able location combine to ronder it one of the leading
canning-houses in the county.

There was an early tide-mill on Cooper's Cieok, in
Beasley's Neck.

For more than one bundled and fifty years tliere
have been two water-milis in the township for giiiid-
ing grain. The first was ereoted by .folui Mason, of
Elsinboro. He purchased two hundred and fifty
acres of .-Vnnic Salter, situated on the upper branch
of Stow Creek, and erected a flouring-mill about 1702.
His sou, Thomas Mason, sold the land and mill to
Samuel Wood about 174U. The latter, at the time of
his death, willed the property to his eldest son. .lon-
alhan \\'ood, who left it to his son, William Wood.
The latter sold the farm to William Bradway, and
the mill and pond to his uncle, John Wood, father
of the late John Smith Wood. John Wood left it to
his grandson, John Wood Maskell, and at tin- dialh
of the latter it passed to Thomas Maskell.

Judge John Brick, whoroided on the lower branch
of Stow (iri'ck, called Gravelly Run, erected a llour-
ing-mill there in the early part of the last centiny.
Some time after the death of .fudge Brick, wliicli oc-
curred about 17.">S, his heir.s sold the mill to John
Wood, son of Samuel Wood, and at the death of
John Wood, his son, John Smith Wood, became the
owner. In the division of the ]iropcrty of John
Smith Wood, the mill and the bind adjoining it were
set otV to Luey Wnotl, his daughter, the wife of Dr.
Clark, of Woodbury.

About 1791), Kdward Bradway purcha.sed of Jere-
miah Powell the right to a natural jiond on Powell's
land, and the privilege of cutting a ditch from tiic
pond to the creek, so that flood-tiile could fill the
former from the latter, the returning water being
utilized to run a grist-mill. This establishment was
never in favor with the inhabitants, and never did an
extensive business, and about the year ISll it was
abandoned, and the site reverted to its former o\s ner.

CHAPTER LXVIII.

TOWN.SIIII' OF Ln\Vi;i; l-KN'.VS NRCIC

Situation and Boundaries.— This is the most
westerly t'>wiisliip in the county, and the larg.:r [lor-
tion of it is virtually an ishind. It is bounded ivirth
by Upper Penn's Xeck, east and south by Saiein
Creek, which separates it from Manninglon, S.i.Iciii,
and EKiidioro, and west by the Dcliiware llivcr.

Descriptive. — Lower Penn's Xeck contains an area
of thirteen thousand five luindred and eighty-one
acres, most of which is ;ivailal)ie, being well adapted
to grazing and market gardening. The towndiip eon-

I By M. 0. nolfe.

HISTORY OF SALEM (.'OVXTY.

tains one hiiiulred and Iweiity-oiie farms, ami the soil
is rich, and on the margin of the Delaware are hnjie
strips of mar.<!i-moaih>\v liind". Some of tlic finest
cattle in the county are raised here, and large quanti-
ties of ve;;etable.s have Ions: hecn produced for the
Philadelphia markets.

The Delaware River flows alonir the western side of
this township, and an artificial canal ah'nU two miles
long has been cut at the extreme north, conneciinp
the Delaware with Sralcin Creek, which flows along
the eastern and southern borders, savinij a circuitous '
uavigation of about twenty-five miles, and surround-
ing the township with water, except a few hundred
rods at its nor;liwester;i corner. Mill Creek and I5al-
dridge's Creek and other small streams have their
sources in tho township, emptying llieir waters into
the Delaware River and Salem Creek.

Well-traveled road~ traverse the township in all
directions, farms and farm buildings have a thrit'ty
aspect, and Lower Penn'.s Neck may be regarded as
one of the most |irosperous townships in Salem
County. Its inhabitants, numbering thirteen hun-
dred and thirty-four in ISSO, are industrious and eu-
terjiri-ing.

The assessed valualioii of personal property in
Lower Pcnn's Neck in ISSl was $320,3S7 ; its real
estate was assessed at ir02ti,SSlt; its total debt amounled
to$213,27tJ; its voters numbered ."wU. Its poll-tax
amounted to S23S; its school tax, $18GS; and its
county tax, .S177S.

Original Purchases aucl Settlentent.'— Lower
Peiin's Neck was settled by Luropeans, probably
earlier than any other part of Salem County. Here
the Finns atid Swedes made a settlement as early as
1633 or 16 10.

At Finn'.s Point the Swede-, built a fort. That it
was primitive in conception and rude in construction
may well be imagined. In the vicinity of its site,
Olipo-ite Fort Delaware, i.> the present Finn's Point
battery. At this place lived, at a later date, Lnsse
]Icndricks, Stephen Yearnuns, I>ick Yearnaiis, and
Matthias Spacklcson, from whom John Fenwick pur-
chased one tliou-^aiid acres of land, called Pauipian's
Hook, where he conceived a project, which was never
executed, of liiying out a town to be called Finnstown
Point. Ivrick Y'earnans Fenwick was appointed baililf
over the bailiwick of West Fenwick, now Penn's
Neck.

Among the early comers to this township were
several Dutch families, some of whose descendants
were cons|>icuous in after generations.

"Tiie Sinnickson family is one of the oldest in
South Jersey. Ori^nnally they spelled their naiiio
Cenca, corrupted to Sinakcr. There is no definite
account that I know of iixing the year when Aiidcr-.
Seneca left Sweden and settled on the shores of the
Delaware, but circnm.itanccs convince mc that he and

> I'nrtiiillv frum tldta coiiliik'JloO bjr TImiiiu Sliourdn.

his family came in company with Miniiit. the {',;.;
Governor of New Sweden, in liiSS. Anders Sen- ■ .,
had two sons born in Sweden, Iiroorand Anders. _\;
what period Amlers Seneca, Jr., came and settle! •■:,
the eastern shore of the Delaware is unecrtniu, biii i;
is safe to presume that it was so.in after their arrlv.i;
in this country, for .Vnders Nilson, Jonas Nil?'.:,.
Michael Nil.-on, Hans Peterson, Van Neui.uis (ri-.-.v
Vanneman'. and several other families wcr? inhal..
itants of Penn's Neck as early as Iti-lO, an<l the Dalili..,
family were likewise residing on the eastern shore m
the Delaware about that period. . . . Broor SencTa
and his family, J think, made a home on the wcsdrn
shore of the Delaware River. . . . .Vnders Seneca,

Jr bought a large tract of land at Ohis^p^ahit^it,

now known as Penn's Neck, of the natives, and si-t-
tled thereon ; that being about thirty years prior i^i
Fenwick's arrival with his English colony. . . . Wil-
liam Gill .lohnson bought land in Penn's Neck u;'
William Penn and Michael Leeroa in lOSl. . . . Wil-
liam Gill Johnson left two suns, who inherited ];..<
property, Thomas and John Gill .Tolinson. Thonia-
died in 1721, leaving a widow and six daughters. . . .
The widow of Thomas Gill .Johnson married Thoiii::~
Miles about 1723. Thomas ;>nd his wife bought ut
Christina, Kliina, and .\lice ;sisters of Mrs. Mile.v
their shares of the lands inherited from their father
Andrew, the son of Sinnick Sinnickson, was the fir<t
of the family to write his name .Sinnickson.

" He and his brother Jidin. in 1734, purchaseil hirsre
tracts of meadow- and wuod-hvnd of the heirs of Wil-
liam Penn, as the following order, given to Thonuis
Sliles, the dei)Uty surveyor for James Logan, will
show: 'An order to Thoiiias Miles to survey to Sin-
nick and John Seneca the marsh called Mud Island.
and one hundred acres of land adjoining to tlieir
other tracts, and for William Piiilpot the point o;'
laud and marsh between his plantation and SiiKiii
Creek, and fur Owneiil'erds St:a)ley, Mayant IVilder-
back, and Thomas I'ildcrback one hiindred acres at :.
)dace called Hell Gale. Dated 7tli of Fourth .Mmitli,
1733. The price of the aiarsh is five and twenty
pounds and one hundred acres of wood-lanii, thirty
l>ounds for a hundred acres clear of quii-rents.' .\"-
drew Sinnickv>n (Od) held important olliccs in tiie
colonial govtrniiient in the town and county in wlii h
I he dwelt. He filled the oflice of judge of the coan
and justice under George III., and was an ardent
Whig during the American Revolution. He did".
20th of Ei^fhtli Month, ]71'0, aged .-evcisty ye.ir-,
' leaving I'l his iieirs a large rcil estate. . . . Tlioui.i-
Sinnickson, l!ie eldest son of Andrew (3di, took an
active part in the Revolutionary war, .and conimanuel
a com|>any in the Continental army. <)i\ aecounl >i'
liis writings and bitter opposition to British tyr:iniiy
he v.-aa outlawed by Lord Howe, and a he.ivy rewind
. was olTeied wr him dead or alive. At llic orgaiiixa-
lioii of this government he warmly approved of .Vejx
ai'der Hamilton's views, and hence he became li"'

1 " S t?

S ivi

/": :^ g

■1 - V-

'^^-

TOWNSHIP OF LOWER PENN'S XECK.

■120

le;i(]fr of the Fcrloral party in this section of country
during; tlie iidMiiiji>lr;\tiuii< of Wasliinjrtim and tiie
cidor Adam^. He frcqnoiiUy re i > rose r. tod this cviunty
ill tlie State Liiislature, uas a nicmbir of th? First
Coni^icss of tlie United Stales, which met ii\ New
Yi'rk City, and a!;o a nicnihcr of Congie-s from 170G
to IT'.'S. I'or a nimibcr of years he was a jii'lge and
a justice, and likev.•i^e county treasurer. Andrew
.■^iniiiekson (,-lth) was an ardent Whig. During the
American Revolution he raised a eonipany of men,
and commanded them at the battles of Trenton and
rrinceton. After the war was over he held a com-
mission as judge and justice, and lived to an old age
greatly resiKcted."'

The above extracts speak of the .settlement of the
original Lower Penn's Neck, Siunicksoii, and other
pioneers, and of later Sinnieksons and others, who
were conspicuous in their day and <:cncraiion, notably
during the struggle fjr Ai-ieriean freedoru. In all
generations to the present Sinnieksons have been
among the wealthy and prominent men of the town-
ship and county, much of the land purchased by
Anders Seneca, Jr., now being iu possession of his
descendants.

The Dunns arean old family in Lower I'enn's Xeck.
Soon after the revocation of the Edict nf Xantes, by
ordci of Loui; XIV., in li'SJ, many Huguenots emi-
grated to this country to avoid perserution. Aniojig
them were two brotliers, Zaccheus and Tliomas
Iliinu, mcst probably natives of Alsace or Lorraine.
The fornier settled in Pilesgrove; tlie latter located
in Venn's Xeck, and had nunu-rons descendants.
In IGSO he bought one hundred acres of land of Wil-
liam Penn, wliich was surveyed to liim by liiehard
Tindall, and which adjoined lands of Hans Cornelius
and Widow Hendricks, near Finn's Point. He was
a Caivinist, and some of his /Icscendants, wiih the
Copners and other fainilie.s, organized the old Pres-
byterian Oliureh at Penn.sville. Another Huguenot
family whidi became prominent in the town.-hip and
county were the Jarjuctts.

Thomas Miles was an eminent surveyor, and be-
came con=[iiciiou3 as early as 1725. He did consid-
erable surveying in Perm's Xeck, Mannin^non, and
the lower part of Glouee-ter County, for tlie heirs of
William Penn. lie owned and lived on a farm op-
posite Xew Castle, Del. His .'•on, the Francis Miles
elsewhere referred to, inherited this farm, and, dying
without heirs, left it to the township for the support
of public schools. The place is under llic suiiervision
of a trustee aj'pointed by township authority.

'J'iiomas Lamb.-'on was a laige owner in Lower
Linn's Xeck. Tlie Gariisun family owned one thou-
sand acre's, extending from the river to .Salem Creek.
ThJ family own considerable land bordering on the
riyy at the present day. The first Swedish Church
wMrbuift on the Garri.son property in 1742. Steven

Baldwin owned one thousand acres, bounded by the
river and Salem Creek. It was located near S.ticP.i.
aii'l was bounded on the northeast by lliciiard Tiii-
dall's land.

In 1070, .Tohn Fenwick gave to his daughter Eli/.i-
belh and her husband, John Adams, all that tract c^f
lanil located in IVnn's Xeck, and known at this lime
as Sapaney.

Fenwick Adams, son of John, married, and settled
on his father's property in Penn's Xeck.

The Powers family came into the township a i'<-\v
generations since, and have been influential .mJ
well known, having been conspicuous in coniieciii.n
with religious and public atfairs.

The Copners were an ancient family in Lower
Penn's Xeck, and, with the Dunn and several other
families, were prominent members of the Presby-
terian Church near Pennsville, tliough Samuel, so;.
of Joseph Copner, late in life joined the Friends' So-
ciety, and devised one-half of his property to the So-
ciely of Friends.

The following are the names of conspicuous fami-
lies and persons resident in Lower Penn's Xeck be-
tween LSOOand 1S?.0:

Aplin, Pid'lle, Brewer, Beaver, ]!atten, Corson,
Congleton, Callahan, Craven, Dunn, Dilmorc, Dick-
inson, Dauser, I'lwell, Fiiidley, Gibbon, Griscom,
Garrison, Hunijihreys, Johnson, Jenkins, Ka.sson,
Kille, Lloyd, Lambsou, Lippincott, Loomi.s, Matson,
Xickerson, Orr. l'eter.son, Kedstrake, Kidgeway,
Rork. Sinnickson, Sparks, Steelman, Shourds, Tin-
dall, Thomiison, Vickers, Vining, Ware, Wrigln.

The names of representatives of the before inen-
liiiiK'd and other families who have been prominent
during a later period will be found in the civil lists,
and in the accounts of various local interests with
which they have been identified.

Organization. — The territory now comprising the
townships of I'pper and Lower Penn's Xeck and
Oliiman's was originally included in one township,
called West Fenwick, but the name was changed to
Penn's Xeck, in honor of William Penn, soon after he
became interested in the Proj.riotary nKMiagement of
a portion of what was at lirst part of Fcnwick's
'"tenth," or colony. TJie division of the townslii]i
was efl'ected some years later, the precise date not
being now obtainable, and the township of I.cjuer
Penn's Xeck was thus erected.

Civil List. — The following is as complete a civil
list as the historian was able to compile from records
in the office of the town-hip clerk. If any of the
township minute-books of a date previous to the year
ls.'.() arc in c.xisif nee it is not knowi! where they are
to be found.

TOWXSHIl' Cl.EKKS.

Uittai7 of I'cawlclc'a ColuDjr, p. 1«8, <•< » j.: Thomu Sliounla.

1S4'.'-»1. Sylvnnu* II. Slupt.r.rd.
1842, IMl-lX ll-.lirj- W. C. Sriit-

cber.
)S43. .VIi.hoiM niMorlwcli.

IMD. Issnc Lippincott.
1.-47-60. JuiiatLao £. Huorc,
li-.-,l. Jdiii -M. Powers.
I^'i2-H. Jyijii Cfi?pPisoii.

430

HISTOliY OF SALEM COUNTY.

IS-V.. Willhini A. Oispcr.
liv>r»-57. Ii.ini' 0. Orihcom.
liOS-&'.>. T. 0. I>iiBn.
IWii. Willi im l:. Snilchcr.
lem. J..^ci.li n. Voiikfr.
ISC2, l!-M. J..lin l>. Xc»<oi
1S«3. Samn.l Ixiruy.
1$C3, 18G9. CliHrl>'> CiU'Ikt;

1S40-I6. Joso|>li Li|>|iliiC'<tt.
1M7. Honrj- W. C. Snildier.
1M$-:>3. Jutiirs >:. I>uuliaiii.
\»M. IS6T, IS;3-T4. JaniM Sl.Vuir-

16C6, ISTO-Tl. Albert P. Moore
1SI-.7. .-■ai.inol X. Elwoll.
ISTJ-TS. S..li.«el II OilUhae.
1S;|-T5. Willi.iiil T. Gaiii*jh.
1S77. John Kloell.
IS7S-7!), lSS-1-5-'. CliarlcH \V. I>n
IStii. Sniiiur.1 r.Elufll.

ASSESSORS.

lf6S,I&.-.S,lSC.0-72, IS'

E. Slooro.
IKO. Jeremiali DhvIj.

17. Jonatlo

I HaococK.
Ifr.l-Si. Tli..in;u 0. Dunn.
1S65-C4, 1*6«-<J7. CharK-a Camper

ll-t». Jobcpb A. Ki<ld.

187.T-70, IST9-S2. Samuel I^roj .

187.S. E|>)iraini F..wler.

coi.Lr.rTORS.

l$l<t-4), IS50-A3. Juho G. El
184 .'-13. William Uiion.
l!>44-i'J. Thomaa Turluii.
1i.S3. Jonatknn E. Sloore.
1864. Thoniaa Urown.
li-'i5-67. Jo>epli U Yonker.
I8.<>fr-M. WillUm Callnlmo.
1660. Uehjaniin A.SDiU'hcr.

lSCI-<;i. Aaruu lli.Mlo.
18i><. Ttioniiu Hrown.
MM. Jamb M. Mircholl.
lSr6-07, 1BC3-74, 1^^7'-7s.

l>7&-77. Ilenr)- Whil...
1^79. William T.Ga
l.^so-Si. Joiiail

COMMISSIOSERS OF APPEAL.

ltv|u-41. Tli.'maa F. I.aroK<on.
IMO-12, 1 >!»-», lli;^!>«>. Samuol

Liii.inc.ll.
1M"-II. Iter.J.iniin Gri.o>ui.
1H2. TitbiM ra^lMTaon.
IM2, IC'VS, l>71. Murllli PaltriXMi.
lM:t-IC. James Newell.
1S4.;-JS. William A. Pifk.
1«17-PJ, Um. Jc„cpl, T. Locuwn.
lMi>. Jolin G. Klwi-ll.
lf4'J-.^:l. William liunn.
1)^>I. Joacpli Wriglit.
■\fM. Samuel Dunn.
ll'54. Jaran HalluD,
l**'**-'!--*. Jurialli.in Scatl«rgi>oO.
Is6»-(A liW- J.'I.B T. While.
l-.J»-eo. Beul.'.r. Ilinchmaii.
I'^'il, )87;-«2. JumM S. Jchiiaoii.
1(61, ISGS-c;, is<.0-7i). V|-|lllam R.

Krcaa.

CnoSES rKEKIIOI.IlERS,

ISiil. Jonathan >!. 3Iuvte.
U&^C^. Juhn Caspi'n.iu.
IfCS-W. William Newell.
18C>. Samuel K. Snltcher.
Ise2. Tliomat J. Billin.
Ifca. Isaac Fowler.
l«'.5-07, ltca-7i), ia:2-74. IV.«

Smith.
>!-'.-7. Eilvai.l D. Kerfitrake.
)M'9. Paul Jaquell.
1870. Jc^eph Ilenner.
Iii71. Ilentj While.
1S71. E'Inard Rii.iliy.
1871-7-2, ls;4. Samuel D. Hewi
l<i72-77. Samuel I rion.
lS7.'>-70. Ilaucc Ja<|uell.
187t-S2. William Newell.
)»7t-W. William T.Gairiion.

1*40-12. Mark .<tre|..U.
18^10-12. Th.>ma<i D. Krailnay.
1843. IJenrj- Freaa.
1M3. Juliti Ca:|'<'rean.
I8l4-lr.. Willium A. Dick.
1844-4.-, IVJl-M. Alpheuj Bil.iei

l>ick.
1840. Jusiph T. Lacu«'>n.
1847-lS. Jamea Newell.
1817. Willi .m Dunn.
1848-49. I««iic I,i||incull.
lt4D-S3. J^hn V. Uill.
18.». Thomai Turlen.
18.>I-S.'>. Samuel Urion.
IMj, 1858. William A. Cojper.
1850-&7. Aaron Bi'ldlo.

i«:^i7, ie'':i-ci!, l.v;"-., i».7'^7:. P.

Jaquetl.

TOWNSHIP co5ijiiirEi;.

1»4(>-11, 1851-32, le.'.l. Thackara 1840-41. PelerJa<|nolt.

"U""- 16-H.l-tl. Thoiiia- F. l.aml <on.

IMO-il. Benjamin 1,1 .} J. 1^42-4.% ISil. Wilii-u. A. Mek.

IMlMI. Ji^epli T. I..)cu:,..n. ; iei2-IC, 184S'». Jamea Newell.

• T., nil wranry eause.l liv the doa:h ;[ llenrv V .HI-.

I858-S9. IVnJal.iiD Hewitt.
1S59-OJ. Isaac Fuwier.
lMil>-61. William Callahan.
lSi:j-67, 1671. CcnJ. II. Jeukiu.i
18r,;»-<i4. IN>7. Finnan Cai|ienH

1802. J-hn rnll.ihan.

1803. Jo5e|>h I>avi9.
1SC6. JaDiea U. Sea^ave.
180H-70. Jo«e|.h A. Kl.ld.
1609-7'). ll;n.ce J.aqueU.
1872, 1S7b. J..m. ... S. Jol.uaou.
187.!. David W. Moyd.
l874-7i. William II. Cl.ilal.a:..
1879,1881. I'.ielp.rJ I). BatUn.
1»80. John V. Tufi.

lf.S2. William J. C»<;.er

lM2-5(). John C.-u«per«oii. ■
184,'»-J6, lSol-53. .'iamuel Li]

coll.
1842-13. lunrj- Frea.«.
1814-4.^. James P. FMjg.
1S4I-_I9. William K. Sca^nive.
18^l'>-47. George Hancock.
lS47-)9. Isaac Liniitcolt.
1*47. Geor(;e Snilcher.
184*-49. Alj.heus Bilderlwk.
IxW. Ilenrr W. C. Suitclier.
18.0. Mutlhi;is (;• ruml..

18ai. JoMathati E.

M-.ore.
I8.'il. Iiaac Snitcher.
18.12. l>;»i. Paul Jaquett.
1803-64. John Johnson.
18J.3-54. John G. F.lwell.
I8S». Joseph Baker.
1864-67. JIaitin Patterson.
1SA5-67, ISiO. Ueuhcn lliuch-

1«V^ William Patterson.

1660-67. John V. Hill.

18U-60, 18G0. John M. Puu'er«.

IS^C-.'i?. J. Howard Siuulckeon.

1838, 1'-CO. Tb.'maii I. Ballin.

18.58,1605-67,1809-71,1873-82. W.
Newell.

18.-». Joseph B. Youker.

l(vis, 1801, lS6.'i-C6. Ilonce Ja-
quett.

1S.>, 1802. J«ei'h T. Locujon.

1S.VJ. William Powers.

i<59-r.o, 1S62-M, i<f)->-r.;. j^h

While.
^Sf.n. Edward Pickiu^on.
1800. William A. Pick.
1*01, l,<f.-,. Henry Keen.
18CI, 1806-07. James S. Johns
1861, 1863-61. lioberl T. Scasr
1862-04, 1SU7. Edward D. I

ftmke.
180.1-64, 1670. John MudMiy.
1862. William Citllahnn.
1802. Michael Powers.

1865. J.>seph W. Oook.
1865-l-i. John C. Hillm.in.

1866. Benjamin Jenkin.4.
1807. Thomas Callahan.
160U-77. Samuel Vrion.
186!>-71. Henry White.
1800. Charles l-iudsay.
1809, 1672. Edward St..ui.
1870-72. Tiieophihls Fox.
1S71-72, 1870-79. Charle. I'u-

1872-74. Smith B. Siclen.
187:1-75. John H. Jenkins.
]^73-77, 1881. Jnmos S. Johuso
l.»7.V Morris li. Elton.

1876. Edward Stout.

1877. John V. Tuft.

1878. llicbard Smilb.
1878. Jnnalhan E. Sfoore.
1878. William T. Garrlaon.
1879-82. Ilei.ry Sinuiikton.

'l880, 18SJ. John Callahiin.

CON

JTAU1,ES.

1640 Davii Palmer.

18o5-o7, 18CO-4;i. John Ca

1841. Wllli.<m liunn.

18.V1-59. John I,. Carpoute

; 1842-4J. Syiranus B. Sli-I p

led.

1859. Juhn Callaha...

1 1844, 18.^3 Tlromaa Brown.

1863. William W. Souiers.

1H46. Benjamin Ifriscom, Jr

1602. Elijah Wheaton.

IMA. S.imnel Callnhnu.

1 1SC4. Eilwald Stout.

1847,1852. Tia. is Jenkins.

1 1805-06. David S. Patten.

W8. Ch.rles B. Newell.

18C7. Chailes Brown.

l»4;i-ol.J.«..bM. Mitchell

' 1609. Johu L. Carpenter.

li»2. Henry While.

1870-78, 1860-81. Saml. D.

18.M. jMeph Yunkei.

, 187a,:683. Edmnnd H. I.av

JUSTICtS or THE PEACE.

1»». William A. Dick. 1809, 187'J. Samuel Lrion.

1859, 1664. lienbeti Ilinrhmau. 1870. Hame Jaquett.

1864. Jonathan E. MMre. 187!". Daniel J. (iarrison
IS66, 1809. S..aiuel Lecrwy.

SCIIOtili COMMITTEEMEN.
IMiMo. James Newell. 1M2-4I. Heiijaniin Lloyd.

1810-41. William Jjhniwn. i 1845-40. Johu C?'pcr»ou.

1840-40. William A. Dick. '

SriliiiiL .SCPEKISTENDK.NTS.
1847-^5. Janiei Newell. 1801, l.'C'i, 1S06. Daniel J.O.irn-

18.M-&7. Alplieus BilJerback. non.

ISS*. Jonathan Sratlerg.i'el. 1.SC4, 1867. Wm. H.Gilmore.

1*59-60,1..-,;. Sl-.itin I'altersi.n. 1805. Kolwrt T. Seajrave.

VILLAGES AND HA.MLKTS.

Peimsvillc— Peiinsvillo i.s the iirincipal vill.ige i"
Lower l'c!!ri"3 Neck towiisliip. It lies on tlic btinkti!
the Delaware, dirertiy ojipo.'-ite New Custlo, sevon
miles northwest from Salem, and fifty-eiirht fr<i!i:
Trtiiton. Tliere is a ferry here, ant! hoat.s ply In-
qnen'ly lictwcen Pcnn.^villt' and New Ca,-;tte '!iiri:i
the .-uniiner .season, llie steamers running bt.t\vo.-i^
.Salem and Diiladfiphia al.-^o loiu;l;iiig al this |i'iiii.

TOWNSHll- OF LOWEU PENN S NECK.

431

Here a ferry was c-'stablislied, and crossing to Xcw
C'.istle, Del., was regular as early as 1?U0. Tliis ferry
n:i- kept u|i, and ai-cuiiiniodatioii to travelers was in-
creased liy eonncclitiii with Salem by reiriilar stage
crossing the river, and nieetini; a steainhoat at New
Castle from Philadelphia, as early as 182:2. Richard
Craven was the i)roi>rietor of the nlagc-line and the
landlord of the hotel at the ferry. Two hotels were
supported at this point from 1S22 to ISOC, and quite
:ui extensive .store carried ou a grain, produce, and
general country trade as early as ISIT.

Ill 1S3'.) or l.S-10, Jacob Ridgw.Hy, of Philadelphia,
purchased of the heir< of David Ware, deceased, the
tract of about six acres formerly known as C'raven's
Ferry and built a wharf and erected thereon a large
brick grain-house. lie also built a large brick dwell- '.
ing with a store attached, and two double frame
dwellings for tenaiit-hou.>cs. The brick dwelling was
occupied by Thomas Craven, and one of the frame
houses by DloomGeld II. Moore, and the two kept the ,
brick store under the firm-name of Craven >Sc Moore.

John V. Hill, of Salem, succeeded Craven i^c Moore,
and did quite an extensive mercantile and grain busi-
nc>s for two or three years, and was succeeded by
John G. lOlwell in both branches of bnsiiios, when
the aforesaid tract was sold by the heirs of Jacob
Ridgway, deceased, to Capt. John Johnston, Thomas '■
I), r.radway, and William .V. Dick. The store was
then kept by Joseph IJ. Yoiiker and Charles II. Urad-
way, under the tirm-natnc of Yoiiker & Pradway. \

In ISGO the brick store and dwelling were pur-
chased by Aaron Piddle, and the store was kept l>y
him until his decease in February, ISSl. Charles
Lloyd then occupied the iircmi-'es from March 26,
1881. to March 26, 1SS2. In March, 1SS2, Jonalhan
Y. Turner, administrator of Aaron Piddle, deceased,
sold the premises to William H. H. Whcaton, and
they are now occupied by him.

Johnson, Pradway, and Dick sold several building
lots, and then sold the balance of said tr.act to Jacob
M. Mitchell and Charles B. Newell. Some time there-
after the property was divided, each party taking to
the middle of the road, and also to the middle of the
wharf. Mitchell built a frame grain-store at the end
of his side of the wharf, also a frame dwelling with
a store attached, and carried on the grain and general
store business for some years, and then removed to
Salem.

William Callahan bought of Mitchell his brick
hoiiic and 5lore, and half of the wharf and the grain-
store, and traded in grain and general merchamlise a
short lime. lie failtd, and the pro|K'rty pa-sed into
the hands of John Mulford, of Salem, and was by
him conveyed to P. If. Pilfield, of Philadelphia, by
whom it is still held. Mitchell recently sold the
dwelling and store and other buildings to Samuel
Lefroy, the present occupant.

'i he public -liouic known as the "Silver CIrove
lloust" is owned by the (he Franklin Lojin and

Puildiug Assoeintion of Salom, and kij't by Charles
Prown. An old tavern on its site was long ago kepi
by Richard Craven, who gave his name to a ferry
formerly in existence here. It was built about -^ev-
eiity-five years ago, by Frank Philjiot.ono of a family
of that name who owned land at '" the ferry" theu,
and it has had numerous successive keepers. About
1S0.5 it came into the ownership of Joseph A. ICidd,
who rebuilt and enlarged it, and set ou; the fine
grove adjacent to it.

There was for some years, until twenty-five years
ago or thereabouts, a tavern about three hundred
yards north of the present hotel. Its last keeper was
Elislia Whcaton, and it is now a farm-house.

On the Kinsey farm, just northeast of the village
liroper, but usually included in Pennsville, were early
three or four houses known as ICinseyville.

The present merchants at Pennsville are Messrs.
Samuel H. Rallinger, Samuel Leeroy, W. II. II.
Wheaton, and Harry \V. D. White. The village con-
tains a school-house, a Methodist Ejiiscopal C'lia|)el,
the usual variety of small mechanics' shops, a hotel,
and a population of one hundred and two. It was
named by Jacob Ridgv.-.iy, its founder.

Harrisonville. — llarrisonville, for some unknown
reason sometimes called " Pigs-eye," is a small hamlet
in the southern part of the township, about two miles
from .Salem. It contains a school-house, a sloi-e, kept
by Joshua Davi.-, the blacksmith-shop of Minor H.
Fox, and about half a dozen dwellings, and it is said
to have been named in honor of ex-President William
Henry Harrison.

Public Schools.— Lower I'enn's Neck '.ownship is
divided into live school districts, known and num-
bered as follows: Harrisonville District, No. 10; Finn'.s
Point District, No. 11 ; Centre District, No. 12; Penns-
ville District, No. 10 ; and Church Di-Irief, No. 14.

The schools of this township are very good, com-
paring more than favorably with those of some of the
other townships in the county.

One name never to be forgotten among those of the
friends of free schools in Salem County is that of
I'rancis Miles, who gave considerable jiropcrty to be
devoted to c-tablishing and mainlainiiig schools for
the jioor children of the township, and in who:;e mem-
ory the citizens of Lower Penn's Neck erected a monu-
ment over his last earthly resting-place in the old
Presbyterian burying-ground.

CHURCHES.

St. George's Episcopal Church.— Tliis ehnrch is
the outgrowth of an ancient Swedish Church, the
date of the organization of which is unknown. For
a number of years the inhahitant.s of New Sweden on
the eastern shore of the Delaware belonged to the
Siicdcs' C'lurch at the mouth of Christiana Creek, on
the wcterii shore. At that time the i>romineril Swe-
dish families in Salem County were the Neilsons, Jo-
an -ons. Si nakcrs, Erick<ons, Hendricl.ses. Vcariianccs,

lIlt^TOllY Of SAl.EM COUNTY.

niidolberg. TlieJu>|uettsaiul other families of Freiu-h
PriMe-itiitits also livoJ iu tlic vicinity, aiul are tliouglit
to have taken an intcrist in this church.

It has been .^latod tliat the t^woiles' Church, on the
•site of the present Episcopal Church in Lower Penn's
Xc'-k, was erected a.< c.Trly .<i.s 1714 on ;■ round deeded
to the organization by Hans Jaquett. In that year
.Abraham Lindenius was appointed pastor, and .served
until 1724, when Petnjs Tauberg and .\iidrcas Win-
drufii succeeded him, and divided llicir labors be-
tween the church at Penn's Neck and that at liaccoon,
as Swedesboro was then called.

Johnson says that Andreas Windrufa died in
172-;, and that John .Sandin succeeded Petrus Tau-
berf.' in 174S, and died that year, and wa.s followed
by I-rick Unandcr, who continued until 175G. Next
came .lohn Lindenius, .son of Abraham Linilcnius,
the first p.a.stor. John Wicksell olliciatcd from 17G3
to about n?."). His i.urces«or was Rev. Nicholas Col-
lin, who was the last of the Swedish uiinister^, and
served until about the time of the close of the Revo-
lution. In 17>^9 it is said that Rev. John Wade was
ofliciatinj; and that a vestry was then chosen, and the
chnnh was organised and modeled after tlie present
Protestant Episcopal order.

Owing to the lack of satisfactory records, it is not
possible to follow the history of this church iu detail
from that time to the pre>cnt. It came to be known
a- St. Ceorge's Episcopal Church of Penn's Neck.
Formerly the congreg.ition was large, now it is small.
Having gone to decay, the old wooden building gave
place to a brick church in ISiK, which ha* since
undergone necessary alterations and repairs. Among
early Protectant Episcojial rectors were Revs. Gray
and Iligby. The names of succeeding ones for many
years cannot be obtained. ]lev. William H. Otis was
appointi-d in 187'J, and was succeeded by the present
rector, Pev. William Matthias.

Presbyterian Church.— The I'enn's Neck Presby-
terian Cimrch was founded about 174S. Tt is not
ceitain whether a minister and other oliiccrs were
a]>pointed or chosen until 1778, when Rev. Samuel
Eaken assumed control of affairs. Some of the early
members were Tobias Copner and his family and the
Dunn and Lambson families. Thf Philpot-s, Nevils,
Wri-hts, Lippincotl:., Stanleys, Purdciis, llealcys,
and Conglctons of that section were also identified
with it, and tradition says Thomas Miles and his
.^on l-'rancis, and others.

l>ev. Sanifiel Eaken was pastor until the clo.so of
th.' Revolutionary war. The church was without a
rejiular pastor until 1797, but was occasionally -up-
I'liid by clergymen from a distance, liev. Nathaniel
Harris was j.astor from 1797 to ISOO, wlien he removed
to Trenton. His successor was Rev. David Edwards,
who resigned and went to Cape May in lSo.5.

The church edifice stood within the present some-
what uncertain limits of Pennsville, and its location
i- indicated pretty accurately by the churchyard,

which still remains in use, and in which lie the lioni-
of early members and their descendants. It loii^.
since disa]>peared so entirely that not a vestige of j;
remains. John Copner, the son of Tobias Copner, hi-.
came a member of the Society of Friends in his ol.;
age, and many of the large and inllucntial fan)ily u;
Dunn have left the sectarian associations of tlieir an-
cc-'ors, ino.st of thcni identifying them.=elvc5 witl> ih.
Mcthn.list Church.

Methodist Episcopal Church.— .Vbout 17t;2 or
17S3 the lirsl Methodist cl.iss was formed in Lower
Penn's Neck, by Henjamin Abbott, and it met in ni
old log hou.se belonging to an aged man nanieil Swan,
son, who with his wife, Catharine Casper, Klizabcll.
Di.xon, Sarah Bright, William r>ilderback and wife,
and a few others constituted tlic class. .Swaiisoii
was the class-leader.

One of the earliest jircachers recollected was Eze-
kicl Cooper. Richard Swayne traveled through thai
[■art of the country, succeeding Cooper, and being tui,
poor to buy a horse, made his way on foot. Kichar!
Sparks, a principal memberofthel'rcsbytrrianCinircli.
out of curiosity went to hear the Me'.lioilist pre.icher-.
and shortly joined the liltle band. Jlr. Swanson dying
soon after, Mr. Sparks was made cla.ss-leadcr. A«
Rev. Mr. Swayne was one day trudging along through
the woods, carrying his saddle-bags on his arm, Mr.
S[>ark5 met him and inquired why he did not get a
horse. The reply was that he was " too poor to buy
or.e." " I have a horse I will sell," said S[>arks. " !
have no money to pay for it," returned Swayne, "buf
at home I have a few sheej) I could exchange (vr it.''
" I want some sheep," said Sparks, "and I'll trade
with you." Tliey .«oon made the c.\change, an<l
ISrother Swayne rode ofl" on his horse, and Spark-
received the sheep in due time as jiay for it. Tlii-
incident fairly illustrated the inconveniences under
which the circuit jireaehers labored in the pioneer
days of -Methodism.

Some years afterward the people began the erection
of a frame church, which was iu an unfmislied stat.'
for year.s, but they held quarterly meetings, and Pen-
jamin Abbott, a local preacher named Slratton, an'!
others were present from time to time, and revival-
were frequent and fruitful for many years. There
are no records to be found wjiiih throw much light
on the history of this organization ]>rior to the re-
building of the house of wor-lii|) in 1844, during the
pastorate of Rev. Sedgwick Kusling.

The pastors since the clo;e of .Mr. Paisling's labor.-
have been the following:

Revs. Matthias German, Tliouins Christopher.
David DuflVl, George Hitchen, David Graves, Bar-
tholomew N\eed, Henry P.. IScadle, George F. Down-.
William Margerum, Levi Roads, .Joseph C ''ummer.l,
Williaiii fJoyle, Samuel .M. Hudson, Samuel C. Cliat-
teu. Garnet Tulli^, Hamilton H. Norris. Jacob T.
Price, Calvin C. Eastlack,and the present incumbent,
Edv.in J. Lippincutt.

TOWNSHIP or MANNIXGTON.

43S

The property ol" this cluirch. iiic!ii<!iiig tlic house '
of vfirsliip, :i Inrsrc wooden striu-luiv, the p:irsori:i;ro
aiiil land, is v;\t\ied :it liftetn thousand (hilhir:*.

The present trustees are William Xewtll, Eilward
ti- Powers, Charles I'owcrs. Kphraini Towler, Samuel
EKvcU, Harris Wri-ht, and John M. Powers. The
stewards are Jonathan Turner. Samuel Lccroy, James
T. IJaker, iSaniuel Powers, Georjre Hancoek. Elijah
Powers, .Toscpli L. Pavis.

There arc two Pundar-schooh connected with this
eliurch, one known as the ''church school," under
thesupcrinlcndency of E|>hrainj Fow ler, which meets
ill the church, and one known as the " Ponnsville
.S'hool," which is superintended by Samuel Lecroy,
its .sessions being held in the chapel at Pennsville,
v.hich was creeled in ISSl, and which is occupied for
prayer-, cla.ss-, and busincss-mectini^s, aud for other
purposes for which it is not uuenud advisable to open
the chnri'li.

_ Bnrial-Places.— It is probable that the tirst inter-
ments in this town>hip were made by the Swedes, in
the vicinity of Pinn's Poiut.

In the old Presbyterian burying-giound at Penns-
ville are many old iiioiiument.s, anil many are to be
seen in the l^piscopnl churchyard in the north part
of the township. Yet in both of these burial-places
are j^rnvcs. unmnrkcd and Ion;.' forfroiien. which were
doubtless made from a cjunrler to half a century be-
fore the earliest one which still retains a lieadstone
bcariiia; a decipherable inscription. There have been
many buried in the Methodist churchyard, but no
Hiicicnt hcad.-tonea arc to be »cen there.

On Finn's Point, opposite Fort Delaware, is a gov-
ernment buryins-.crrouml, which was opened during
ihe war, and in which are interred soldiers and polit-
ical prisoners who have <lied at the (ort.

In the old Pre^byterian buryii);.'-grnund is a nion-
uiijcnt bearing the following inscrijitions :

(1) "Francis Miles, Born October 1st, 17:.'7. Died
.May, l"!)-*, aged 41 years." (2) " P.y his deed- h.is he
perpetuated bis name as the friend of poor children."
(•i) " Ye who are reaping the fruit of his benevolence,
forget not your beiiel'actor." (4) " As a Tribute to
his memory this mounment is erected by the Inliab-
Uants of Lower ]'eiin".s Keck."

Industrial PlU'SUitS. — The principal ciii[i|oyn<eiit
f>( the citizens of Lower Penu's Neck has always
been agriculture. The township contains no fac-
tories, and its few mechanics' shops are referred to in
the sketches of Pennsville and Ilarrisonville.

A windmill was early in operation a( Kiiiscyville.

In 1840, Jacob liidgway, of Pliiladeli>liia, took
'tciM) toward the establishment of a cotton-factory at
Pennsville, but died before he had :lCcolllpli^hcd any-
thing worthy of note in itn industrial way.

Fort Delaware and Finn's Point Battery.— On
an island in the DelawLiro kiver opposite this town-
ship, and beloti^iiig to the Slate of Delaware, is Fort
l)elawaie, which became laiiions during the hite war
28

as a place of detention for political prisoners. Finn's
Point Pattery is opposite Fori Delaware, on the west-
ern border of Lo»vcr Pcnn's Neck. The works here
are in an inconiplcte state and entirely ungarrisoned.
A small tract of land emhraciii;: ilii> locality, which
is owned by government, also iin hides the biiri;il-
pl.tce elsewhere referred to.

CHAPTER LXIX.

TOWNSmi' OK .MAXNl.KGTOX."

Situation and Boundaries.— Mannington is cen-
trally distant from .Salem six miles, and contains an
area of twenty-two thousand four hundred and thiriy-
nine acres. Its population is two thousand two hun-
dred and twenty-nine. It has an average length of
abi>ut eight miks, and an average width of about live
miles. It is located nearly in the cenirc of the county
north and south, though considerably west of a cen-
tral position, all )>oinU considered, and is bDunded
north by Upper Peiiu's X'eck and Pilesgrove. cast by
Pilesgrove, soutli by Upper .Vlloways Creek and
Quiiitou, sinithwesl by Salem, and west by Lower
Penn's Xecfc.

Descriptive.— Salem Creek, Feuwick Cicck, .•\Md
.Manning's Uuii have their courses fully two-thirds of
the distance around this township. Swedes' Run and
Mannington Creek flow centrally across the township
from east to west, and Keasbey's Creek cuts olF its
southwest corner. ITorne Mwn rises norlheast of the
centre, and flows westwardly to Salem Cieek, al a
jioint north of the latter's junction with .Mannington
Creek.

The soil of Mannington is a rich loam, and marl is
found in some parts. Grass and wheat and other
cereals are raised in goodly (piantities. Fruit culture
has long been a prominent inlerc-st. The surface is
generally level, though ^o^lewhat undulating in some
part?. The highest poiut is Manuington Hill, south
of the centre.

Mannington is well provided with good roads,
which afl'ord communication with surrounding town-
siiips. villages, and cities, and the Salem Branch of
the West Jersey Railroad crosse.s its southern jpor-
tioD. Until recently the terminus was at Claysville,
in this township, separated from Salem by Fenwick's
Creek.

Mannington township was evidently, in the year
of Fenwick's arrival (KJro), almost exclusively a
forest of oak. Here the Proprietor, his dauirhters,
and those who had cast in their lot with him in his
new venture .settled. Here his bones lie, his "grave
uiihonorcd and unsung," and i shame to the p.i-st and
, prc■^e!!t geneiaiionsi) no headstone or monument has

' By .V.O.Ilolf.-.

434

UlSTOUV OF SALKM COLNTV.

been vrocto'l tn !ii- menmrv. M;".niii!ii:toii lioc:iiiie a
clcarovl uiiil t'o.tilo iaiui \>y tie iiu'.iKtry ot' llio !i:irily
)>ioni.'i.T.< ntul tlie ^uc^•ccJiIl:^ L-i-iuralioii-, rtiul by tlie
coi-^ii? of 1 >■•■!'■» iii:iilo tlu> iiisl sliowiii^' for ajrii-iilttiral
proiluclion- of any town-hip in tlio ^:l:ltc. IVsiiles
wlual, turn, o:ii<. and ]iiit;i!oo>, much tl:ix wn": nii-od
anil wool <rro«n. Kvcry farm pro^itucil iho raw
material, ami ni.'.ny mauutacaircd ihoir own hemp
and w.iiikn .jond-.

Tiie assc.-.-ed valnation of properly in Mannin^rtcn
in 1>S<1 wa-i as follows: I'erjoiial property. i^T'i'lJ I •>;
real estate. ••i'l.OJ-Sl/.'O'i; and it.- to'.al debt wa.-.t^4o7,"'?0.
Its voters nnmb.red oS'.l. I;- tax was as follows: poll,
$4SC>; seiiool, ^UO; county, -^GSOj. The number of
farms in ISiO w:t5 l'07.

The Salem County almsliou-c is located in this
town-hip. i

Early Purcliases and S3ttlemeut.'— 5r.iiiningioii
was nunii.d in hi.n..r ofJ/.'-r' '. or Manning, a friendly
Indian chief, once resident w iihin it- border^. Early
it was sometimes referred to as '" Manning'- Town."

In 1070, John Feiiwie!; turned his attention to pro-
viding lionies If'r his chi!dr<n. and accordingly di-
rected ];ic!iard Uaueock, his surveyor, to lay out and
wirvev two thon=.ind acres in Uopcr Mannin;rton for
Samuel llcdire, Jr., and his wife Anne, which land
came to be know n iis " Hediielield."

In ITiSS, John Fenwitk left liis home in Salem and
went to Samuel Ileik-e's, there to be cared for by his
favorite dauzliler, Anne ireJL'o, in hi- last days, for
he died shortly :'.flerwards. at the aie of sixty-live.
At his re>pie-t he was buried in the Sharp family
buryin^r-Kroiind. on the farm of Elmer I'eeve.

Samuel lle'i.'e, Jr., was a son of Sanuiel Iledjrc, a
merchant and riti/en of Loudon. To be a citizen at
that time required a pcr-on of wealth and influence to
have the privilege of voting for mcml'ers of Parlia-
ment. It was the opinion of rouic pcr^ons that there
was an attachn'iCLt formed utavecii ."■'aniucl IKd.-e, Jr.,
and Anne Fenwick while they both yet tarried in
their native land. They were married in S.tlcui in
the spring of the year of their removal to Mauuiug-
ton, where they lived until in lCS-5, when, having
been .".ppoiuted one of the executors of his f.ither-in-
liiw's will, and bavin-.' been api-oin'.ed by I'enwick to
carr\' out his plans for laying out itrcels in S-ilem aiid
Cohan-ey, Iled.-e removed to Salem, and built a brick
hou-?c on liroad'.vay, where both he and his wife died
between I(J'J4 and 1097.

In the first half of the la.-t century Jedediah Allen
purcha-ed John r.olph's c.-^tute in Mannington. It
contained five Lumlrcd acri-s, and lay ^outh of Man-
nington Creek, p Ijfiinin;; .fi^b TlitlgHay's land. At liis
death the property was divided eipially between his
sons Jedediah and David.

John Pledger ami IJippolito Lefevre purchased iix

• Tl.c ■!riti f-r IM
IrTh^.liasSli.url^.

':.trit'Utt.J tu a Cvr.siu-jTihU

thousand acre- of Ji^iin Fenwick in li;7"i. Tliiv I.,;. ;

borderrd on FenwiekV Creek and Fledcrvfr's Cri',.

one of the branches of Fenwiek's Creek, a-id ii;.

eluded what is known as Quaker Neck. Tin r.- .

but a sui:ill part of this fertile laud liial IhIuii.--!..

the de<eendaiits of the fir<t purchaser.

Iticharil Woodnf.lt became the owner of two hui.-

dre^l :ieres by puieha<e or by marrying Mary. dai:.;!,.

ter of John Pledger, as is suppo-ed.

Adjiiining Woodnuit's land James Whitney boii,-!.;

a tract of the Proprietor.

Edmund AVealherby became the owner of a hir.-.

farm, through hi< wife, daughter of John Pkagir.
iJartholomew Wy;iii i>urchased twelve humlri.:

acres adjoining Weatliorby's land, which v.as C'lually

divided by his son Piarlholouiew between his tw.

children, r>artholomcw and Sarah, wite of Kicliari

Wi\iar. of Philadelphia. The W'yatt property i-

dividcd into live or six farms, but not one of them a-

present belongs to any of the Wyatt family.

Adjoining the Wyatt tract w:is James rrherron"- one

thou-and acr..-. James Sherron, during the day- i.;

the Proprietor, was a high constable. He resided on

bis farm, and there kept a jail for the contjncnient o:"

prisoners in his charge. He w as killed by one of theia
with a hatchet, for which the prisoner was tried au'i

executed.

Eatt of Sherron's alb.'lment John Vining owikI
two hundred and liuy acres of land, on which he re-
sided uiitil hi-. dcMih. Vining was one of those wli.
a->i;led in org.mizing the Episcopal Church in liir
town of S:ilciii. lie w:is very popular with the ii.-
habitants of tl:e infaui colony, and there was a gre:(:
demon.-tration of tl:e people at his funeral. Ue wa-
buried in the Epi-'copal churchyard in Salem.

Mannington Creek was the large-t bri'.nch ofS:ile:»
Creek. That part of the township ea.-i of it was e.iriy
called Upper Mannington. '" Iledgefieid," a tr;'.cl '■;
two thousand aero, previously referred to. «:;-
bounded by Manniag'.on Creek on the we.-t. and a
small tributary known as Hedge's Creek on the e.i-:.
On this land Samuel Hedge and wife located iu li577.
In l(j.--'), Samuel and his wife sold one thousand acre-.
or one-half of the allotment, to John Siijith, of Siiiiiii-
field. The sai'l land remained in the Sniitli f'.nidy
lor live generations. Tliere is none of it bcioii-'in.-
to nieiobers of the family now. In 1720 Samuel Fe!i-
wjck lli:i\\:e, the grandson of Samuel Hedge/ W- '■ -•''•'
five hundred acres to William Nicholson, of El-iu-
boro. In the same year he sold the balance to Thoni^--
Mason. There is no part of the above tract- of laivi
remaining in the fir=t purchaser.-.' families at thi-
date.

Xear the head of Mannincton Creek, Samuel J' '•-
ning-. of r.arlington, owned two tliou-:w.d acre*, p-i"
of which was in I'pper Alloways Cieek.

Richard Lrick. third son of Jud-.-e John V.rkk.
owned five hundred acre- of the Jen-iinjs e-'.a:-.
and resided thereon uT.il hi- de.uh. He w.:- an e\-

TOWNSHir OF 3)ANNI.VGT0X.

•1:55

tousivc f;iriMor, and a tanner ami currier. His only
son, John Brick, dii-fl, leaving no heirs, ami the
jiroperty was purchased by his cousin, .Toshua IJrick
and Isaac Towiisend, of Port Klizabeth, and by them
convcycii to. I esse Boyd. S.mnu'l Brick, yunngcst son
of John Brick, Hr., married and left issue. His son
^^anulel, the father of Joshua I'.rick, of Ujijier Bonn's
Neck, was a tanner and Carnier, and lived a iiunihcr
of years on his cousin John's citato.

E.ast of Hedt'c's Branch, William Hall, Jr., son of '
Judge William Hall, owned two thou-and acres of
land. He huill a larpre brick dwelling early in the
last century, siill standing in good repair. Xo part
of this largo landed estate is owned now by any of
the Hall family, except the old mansion, together
with ati.iui one hundred acrc< of land adjoining.
Samuel L. J. Miller, of Mannington, is the owner,
being of the sixth generation from William Hall, .Tr.

The tnllowing relative to Col. Kdward Hall will be
found interesting:

'• E<lward Hall, the younge-l son of William Hall,
Jr.. was cotisidereil above mediocrity in physic.il and
mental abilities. His afiabilily and pleasing address
sccureil him many friends among a large circle of ac-
ipiaintances. His first wife was a Willis, and by her
he had one son, named Howell. At the commence-
ment of the Revolutionary war he abandoned the re-
ligious society of which he and his ancestors were
members and enlisted in the army. There are many
anecdotes of his sayings and doing* while lit was in
tlic service of his country. I will mention two which
are well authenticated by tradition.

"The army under Col. Hand wa-. at Cohansey
Bridge, which is now Bridgcton. E<lward,oii his way
down toj'iin it, met his intimate friend, John Reeve,
a'ooul his own age, who was a public minister, on his
way to attend Salem Quarterly >reeting. .\fler the
usual salutation, John rcmarKcd, —

"'Edrtard, 1 notice thee is dressed in soldier's
clothes.'

" ' I am,' replied Hall, after coiisidcrnlion. ' I came
to the C'lnchision it would be right for me to fij-Jit for
my country.' «

"John then replied, —

"'If tine thinks it is right, it may then be thy
duty. I hope God will be with thee. I bid thee
good-by.' '

"Tliey then separated, arid did not meet again
until the war was ended.

"i^'ton after he went to the army he was made
a colonel in the West Jersey militia. It wa-i the prac- '
ticc in tiiose days among some of the tanners, when
they had a quantity of leather on hand, to take a load
dortn among the inhabitants of the sea-shore, and
trade it for raw-hide--. Samuel .\u*tin told of one of
his adveninrcs during the war. He left his home in :
ilunninglon with a load of leather, which he had fre-
I'tenlly done before, and proceeded to Egg Harbor ]
'f'lh it. Tliere were at that time several vessels be- '

longing to England anchored in the bay, one of them
having a ipianlity of boxes of lea aboard. The o!li-
cer told him he would excljange a few boxes of tea
for leather. The love of great gain which is predomi-
nant in the human family made him yield to the temp-
tation. Thinking he could evade the authorities, he
covered up the tea with sonie hides he purchased, and
started for hon\c. Inadvertently he came by the way
of Bridgeton, whore the .Vtnerican army was qiuir-
tered, and was so(m stopjied by some of the soldiers
to search his load. He declared his innocence, but
they told him their orders were to se.irch all wagons
that came from the sea-shore, and began to throw oil"
his hides. At this juncture Cd. Hall came out of the
tavern and saw .Austin, and then told the men to put
his load on again, and said, —

" ' He is a neighlior of mine and a true patriot.'

"He tlien called Austin in to taken drink with
him before he proceeded on his journey. Samuel said
it was the first and last time he ever undorlook to
traffic in contraband good~, ;ind he ahvays fell grate-
to Col. Hall, although he did it ignorantly, for liis
timely intfrfercnce, as it prevented him from losing
bis team and load, and likely his life."'

Adjoining the Hall land on the east, .Vniliony
Sharp, who lived near Bri-;iol, England, purchased
five thon-<and acres, about one tlionsand acres of
which lay in Mauuington. the balance in Pilesgrove.

The almshouse of the county of .'^aleni, and about
two hundred and forty acres attached to lite institn-
tion, lorniprly belonged to the Sharp I'amily. Near
the almshouse is the Sharp family graveyard, in
which .Tohn Fenwiek was buried i:i ]'i*S. In the
southeast part of Sharp's allotment Anthony deeded
one thousand acres to his nephews, Thomas atid Isaac
Sharp, most of which was located in Mannington.

IMward Wade's land was located west of Hedge-
field, and bounded by Fenwiek Grove on the south-
west.

Thomas Mason niarricd Prudence, the only child
of Edward and Prtidciice Wade. After their ileath
Thomas and Prudence Ma^on became the owners of
much excellent land. They had several children.
The o!d(..-t son was James Ma-son, who inheriterl a
large jiortion of his ))arent*' property. He married
.Ann, the daughter of .\bel and Mary Nicholson, of
Elsinboro. James Mason and wife had no isnic.
James left the largest portion of his landed estate to
his nephew, James Ma<on Woodnutt. At present no
part of the Mason or Woodnutt property belong.s to
the family'.

Fenwick's Grove, the favorite country-seal of Jolin
Fenwiek, contained six thousand acrc->. It was a
lioint of land that lay between Salem and Manning-
ton Creeks.

William Griscom and Bachel, daughter of John
Dcnn, were married in 17T.i. For a time William

' History of FoowIck'B CuIodv, p. 100 ; Tbomu Sboard."

436

HISTOKV OF SALEM COUNTY.

Griscom was :i s:iddlor at Hancock's Briil'ic. in Lower
Alloways Creek, but after a low years he |.iircliascii a
farm in Manningtoii, and there lie and his wife lived
until thcirdeath. " Their oldest si>n,.Ti>hn Grisconi."
says Sliourd-, "coinniejiced tcachinjr si'luioi in early
life, and snhsequently married a yonnjr woman by the
name of Ilaskins, and had several children. After
her death, and in his old age, he married Rachel
Denn, of Sakni, dau'.;hter of John and llhoiia Demi,
who i3 still living. Many years of his life he taiiirht
school in the city of New York, and was considered
one of the be>t scholars in that city. He was elected
n Professor in Chemistry. Wlien he was |)a^t t\iidd'e
age he went to Lnroi)o, where his reputation as a
scholar preceded him. On his arrival in England lie
was at once introduced among the literary |ieo]>le of
that king<lom, also oi\ the Conlincnt, — Fiance, I>el-
gium, Germany, and the Netherlands. When ho re-
turned home he i>iili!ishcd an account of his travels,
called his "Tour in ICnrope,' which was much read at
the time, and greatly admired for it.> ea>y and beautiful
language. . . . Soon afterwards he traveled through
most of the cities and lowiis of the Eastern and Middle
States, lecturing on .Foseph Lancaster's .system of
education iu common schools. The plan was gener-
ally adopted. He might be considered the father of
that .system ii: this country, as Joseph Lancaster was
in England. Jlis letters addre>sed to his mother
during her last illness, while she was suil'ering with
that loathsome disea.'-c, cancer, will always roMect
great credit on his memory for the kind and sympa-
thetic feeling they exi)ressed to a kind and iill'ectionate
parent in lier great aliliction."

Whitten Cripps was an early iiroperty -owner in
Mannington. John Denn, who had been a hatter at
Hancock's Dridgc and Salem, Ixmght the Cripps
estate and removed there. J^is son John succeeded
him as its owner. He dieil i)ast eighty, having liad a
siicce.s.-ful career.

About two thousand acres of the Pledger and Le-
fevrc allotment of six thousand acres, now known as
Quaker Neck, came into the possession of Benjamin
Wyncoop, an Englishman, who is thought to have
purchased it of the heirs of Hyiiolite I-cfevre. A
house built by one of tlie f;imily at the iicginning of
the last century is still standing on the )>roperty now
of George Griscom. At the time of the Revolution
all the land between Stone Bridge and the .Salem line,
then called "the Neck," was covered with heavy tim-
ber, and was long after referred to as " \Vyncooj>'s
AVoods.'" Wyncoop sympathized with the British
cause, and through fear that his property might be
confi.scated ofl'cred it for ^alc.

Ebenczer Miller, Jr., purchased a farm of Wyn-
coop. Richard AVare, of .■i.lloways Creek, bought
and lived to the close of his life on the Josiah Wistar
farm. Mark .Miller, his brother, bought the David
E. Davis place. William Abbott, from Elsinboro,
boiight the farm and ended liis davs where Samuel

.\bbott, his grandson, now lives. Benjamin Wriu'!:!
bought tiie Josc)>h Waddinglon farm, and devise! r
to Benjamin Wright, his grandMiii. The Miller* eninr
from Cumberland County, and lived on the farm^
purchased as above mentioned. Jo>iah Miller, lli.'
second ?on of Ebenczer, abaut 177-} purchased a
large tract of land in Lower ^L^nningt(>n, the south-
ern portion of .James Shcrrou's oiie-lhousand-acre
allotment, which at his death was divided between
his sons, Josiah and Richard.

AVilliam, the son of Abel and Mary Nitliolsuii, of
Elsinboro, who was born in 1703, became the owner
of five hundred acres of " Heilgetield,'" where he built
a brick mansion which is still standing. Some old
houses in >LTnnington have been referred to. The
following on this subject is apjiended :

"There are a number of ancient dwellings stand-

, ing in Mannington. About a mile from the city of
Salem is a large brick house with a double roof, built

; by John Pleilger, Jr., in \127. In Upper Manning-
ton, on the property which is now owned by James
J. Pettii. is an ancient brick dwelling, built in 1722
by Samuel Mason, son of Thomas Mason, who bought
the property of Samuel Hedge (lib) io 17l>0, being a
part of Hedgefield. Farther up the Mannington
Creek there is another brick mansion, built by Wil-
liam Nicholson, son of Abel Nicholson, about 1730.
Near this ancient dwelling onco stood the property
of Samuel Hedge, and the jdace where the b-iiKI-
ing formerly stood is quite visible at the present day.

' It is a venerated spot, because there, in the auluinii of

I 1GS3, John Fenwick left this world of care and per-
ple.xities. The property is now owned by Dr. Thoiii.is
and his wife, Joan Dickinson. Not far from the
NichoUon house stands a l.irge brick house mi the
southern part of Hedgefield, built by Samuel Smith,
son of Jtilin Smith, of Smitldield, abjut 171S. The
said house stands near the King's Highway, laid out

] from Salem to Burlington. Near. the straight road
from >Linnington Hill to Woodstown, about five
miles from Salem, stands a large brick dwelling, built
by William Hall, Jr., in the year 172-1. According to
the record in the f.imily Bible of the Halls, Joha
Smith, of Amblebury, died in that house. Elizabeth,
the wife of William Hall, Jr., was his great-grand-
daughter. He was one hundred and six years old and
a few days over at the time of his death, whic'i event
took place in the beginning of 1731. He was born in
the coU!ity of Norfolk, England, 20th of Third Afontli,
1G23, and lived in his adopted country nearly fifty
years." '

Prominent families in Matmingtoii from ISOn tu
1830: Allen, Austin, Ablmtt, Anderson, Ale, Ai'lin,
Armstrong, Ba^sett, Barber, Bildcrback, Baker, Brick,
Black, Bell, Bennett, Ballinger, Bennor, Carpenter.
Denn, Dickinson, Ellel, Elliott, Emley, Engli.-I>,
Eriedland, Frcns, Franklin, Fox, (jithens, Hall.

1 niatory of KcnKl,;k'5 Ci/loiiv : Slionr.!-,.

TOWNSHIP OF MANN'IXOTOX.

437

Haines, Harris, Hil]iaril, Hillinaii, Joliiison. .Tame*,
J.ifjuctt, Kifiil, Kean, Kijror, Lawrence, Murray,
Mijrri,-r>ii, Miller. Mitolioll, I'ettit, Peierson, liobin-
srtii, Iii(l;rway, Slici)i'anl, Soajrravo. Shreve, Stanley,
Smith, Sti^i>lienson, Tyler. Thompson, Trcadwav,
Townsend, Woodntitt, Wriu'lil, Welsh, Woodside^, ',
Wnod. Wister, Wyatt, Wcl.her. '

Organization. — Mannington Precinct originally
contained twenty-eight thousand acres. The town- '
jhip was lit (ir.,t calleil E.i.-it Fenwick. and received '
its present apiiellation, .Vnjjlici/.ed f'roiu the Indian
Word " .Maneto," at an unknown date. It was one of
the constituent townships of the county. [

Civil List. — I'elow is jw complete a civil list as the
records of Mannington contain the data for, showing '
the result of the annual township elections from 1820
to lRJi2, inclusive: '

is:.«-'.ii. Jvl.n 11. M.>rri8.
1>..'-<11. Siini.ii-l p. .\lleii.

iMil-r-i. J>.1,11 T. B.li5l(t.

lSf--<>4 Riohar.l T. Fosg.
lSW-t~ U.tixl;»y (Iristcoro.
lSia-7o. Ca-|"T W. Acton.

ISfi^TO. James J. IVttil.
lbTi-7:l. l>iivi,l F. Grier.
1S74. Eiiwiud II. liiisitl.
lS:5-77. Collins .\11.-n.
1S7,S-SI. Ricli ii.l Rissetl.
)SS2. Heiirv It. RUhuwli.

.ASSESSORS.

18;0. S.imu.-1 Austin. | 1853-61, lS5r., lSr.V7-.'. JouaUmn

l»2J--.'3. M..rri< Ihill. I B. Qrier.
18■i4-;t4,1^4i^-19. JoliD Armslrong. IS-*!?. Joliu S. .\ru)strorc.

1S30-37. Tlioiu;is J. OiS|HT. j 1S.iS-iVJ, 1S:3. James J. I'cltit.

ls:'j*-43, lsjii-;.J. S.iniuel Hall. j l!;6:t-R|. Edu.inl Il»ll.

1S4."^4. Tii,.ni»« DicklDSoii, Jr. | ISH-".!. J.inics II. Whim.

ISAi. John W. Wriglit.

I IS77-.vi. Ih.vi.l r. Gri

TOWXSHIP
lS-.'0-21.IS23. Miiurire Ilnll.
IS20-2i).IMl-32.ClH>lon Wittar.
l«2'l-Si, I824--.'6. Jortfb Hawclt.
1K24. Snmui-I Au>Un.
1*20, IS.'i SiiUiBii \Vri:;hl.
l?21-2:i. W.lllulii F.JIIIkr.
i-,i\. VaruL.n Mullonl.
11-22-2:1, 1 fOI-ll. Ss.Diuil All.-u.
1S2J-26. Julniv. IV!,.r»...u.
IS24 29. Jufcph llniiruck.
1S24-20. J<-.|r.li«l, T. All»n.
l.'27-:iO. P.>-ul«ii P.iWnMii.
lS27-:«). Wo-.lniit Ptllil.
1827-29. W IMIani Pi.-ltr«on.
I'27-31. Jiinirs -Ntwell.
ls.Ji)^n. Cei,ig.! Ilnll.
INTO. HiM.r) Klirnr.
IMl. John Aiiiislrong.
IS.!). Jiim.'! Lli.pii.cait.
irM-tl, ifCi. ihivl.l Ilii,^iL
1*12. Kci.Jiinilii T.vIm.
U32. Cliiirlr<. 1% i.i.Ml.
IMM.I. C..«;.-t Wlslar.
\f'Vi. Rn1«,! P.. Slii-|.|<aid.
KB. Wtlliuin Soa^rnTM, Sr.
•"Sl-37, IsaJ-ll. U;ttn P. Rot-

li.7. Thoaiw Ilii^n.
ls.l-1, 1S40-15. Th iiiM J. I'Mper.
l^S-41. 1-H.ic B Lawrence.
ISI2-I5. Wlili.mi rarpoi.icr. .
1*4.'-H. John Aiinttruni;.
lS4;-ir, 1.-0J-C2. SaniiiC'l P. Car-

I<nl«r.
I -43. Ll'.lin )l.-i»>elt.
1541-;.;, Iv;>-7y, 18;7-7'<. Sauiujl

AMr.i!
• MV,-,( j, },„ Fowler.
1-4._17. Tliuiniu Uickiiisoii.Jr.

COMMlll'KE.
: IMS-IO. Samuel Hull.
1«.".1-4B. Iwy-W. KJ«-up| liilder-

lack.
1S51, lSi«-.'iT. Ch.impir>D Atkin-

fun.
1852^:1, 18A5-S0, 1804 67. Clwanl

II. l:.uucit.
; ls'.4-.".S. Thoniin B.Jorica.

Il!47-A'.l, lli«i, I8'i7. Ak.i.ii A.Fogg.
. 1867, l8r.4-•-.^. John Liyton.
i lHi7. Joj»|.h II. t hew.

l.-<i*-<V|. IMVI. S. IViCiin i-hopiord.

18'.9. Ilcnrjr Iliclin-.nn.

ISM. D.i.i.l FtUil.
; ISSO-CO, 1^78-^(>. <:. W. Avion.
I l$l!0-«4, 1573, 1870-Sl. Jo'iah

Wlitar.
, I86O-0.), l!'71-7:l. Jonath;in I!. I
fitlcr. ]

lSai-62. John IJ. .Mo.ris.
' lr«3. WiUiKni Wrl>l«i. I

' I8C4-66. llithH"! \VI«i.-.r.
: l»»-OIi. Klithn ILu'etl.
I ISOii-O'), 's" i-'l. Colli'.s AlKu.
• 1807-71). WiPlAin C. Shei.patd.

lSC7-:0. Jolih It. Xerrt. ,

; 1808-711. S.>lnu,?l P Allen.
! I8f^. niN.r;:^ C. Mulforl.
I 1870-74. Thoin[«->n llinchlnan.
j U71-79. Corgc A. l\(er»on.
I 1871-77. S«miK-l T. l.l[.|.lui;olt.

ll!71-72. Dnrid H. I)a»is.
[ 1'574-7i. A. M. P. V. H. Pioki-mn.
( 1874-7.5. B~iiJ imiu Ori-K.im.
, lS7i-7C. Euipym Atkiu!>>n.
: 1S7B. Uavil F. nrior.
i 1376-78, l*"-. John T. II..M.-lf.
I 1877-78. AaMU I.tppmvult.
' 1882. ll-iheil J. SuainiFrill.

CHOSKN FREEnoi.Di:n.<

"20-21. J.,hc I'fiiu.
'"iii-ii. Jj,-i,ii liaueu.
l»22-.-4. Milll.iui Hall.
l'^?l-24.1S27-J3,U3i;. LoUH'Lih-

1-2—20. Joil::1lran I'.iidcrLuk.
I'il-'.-J. J...i|,i- H:,i,c.j<:k.
i'i-j-?j}. j.„,.,!. Miller.
l-:i. J.i..t>W..aill.
I'll. -lAlnf-Ti P-ftrra-m.
l*)2-36. \Vi...J,.ut Pi-lit.
^'■'■i-Zi. JoMph Bafsoll, Jr.

lt:ii;-rj'j. !>:. Cliarlc, Swing.
18::9-44. Jam.'; RoMn.^on.
IS-KHl. Roo-rl P. Iiul,iiison.
l.<42-».i. ll«vi I Slrelth.
1841-45. Henry W.-W.ii.
l.f4V6l. fiiniuc'l P. C»ri><>nIiT
18IC-I7. Tho:ii;is J. Ca.i,sr.

181li-5.1. .lolin IjhI-i.
IKW-S.I. Richard Wi.iar.
le^l-ai;. Tlioiii<« n. J.mes.
18.'>r,-r,7.. Wlihixn l,aur<.-uc«.
1857-.')9. Williuia A. D.ikcr.

COLLECTOR:
ls2c»-i!. William J. Shinn.
Is-2-2-:il. li.nij IljKctl.
I.vi'2-a4. Jo.ialimn Freclland.
isawic. \Vo,>iltintl Pcltit.
1837-40. RaUn Newell.
1841-M, 1808. Jojoph R. Chew.

1820-21. Wllll.iTn Shourd>.
1822-28. Jr.lcllall T. Alton.
1S-27-.17. S-niuel Hall.
18-ls-IO. J.inicf M. W»>dniUt.
1841-17. Samuel P. Caiponter.
IMS-il, lSi:i. Joscjih I'. Sill ppard

1S.V>. John I.a.vtoH.
IS-'w-SS. Peter Smith.
1S.-.9, 1801-02. William :!ummerill.
lSC:i-C.'i. Willi;im Strilloii.
isr>ii-7:t. IVinJamiii lioweu.
1874-82. Wo(«iniUt I'eltlt.
CLERKS.

1654-62. William ('. Shcppard.
; Ui«. Josepli II. Wislnr.
1864-70. Woodnult IVtIlt.
1872-74. ClarkMll Pctlil.
187i.'^-2. El.ene7.ti-S. Miilfor.l.

182K--22, I^.'^. John A
1820. Jo<epli Nicliolo.
1?21. J..t. >;hrfv».
1S22. ArlI,S«i:r*'M.
1:2s. Wllllnii: Taylor.
183.1. SIU.II--I J:>ui'^.
13«. I><.|!.*mlib.

182'.. Jo l«ll >liliT.

1*.24. J.,.»|.h ll.!,.,,l:

182';. Ellibi' l<n»eU.

182'). J.iojl. St«n,;..r.

1S27 Ja:.i.f Pelif ip.

1«-Z7. Jel-fVi:. 1. A-.l-n.

18.'4-2V. l-^^uil..) Scugwv.-j.

lS»i--2!l. J.<Ult-li SblllKvt.

lislO-:>!, ISO-,-.-.', !8.».41. Ihi'.iil

StanfTf r.
18.»-17. Ti.iru.! J. Caip-T
18.11. Jai;:.-« ilii.:!::.
18.W. Roli.rt .N..«-..|l.
1S!S. Cli'irlrj Renner.
1842, len-It. pJVi.IF. .Slnnsil.

CONSTABLES,
strong. l»>4-'l-46. Joseph Itcimt-r.

Ifia-oO, l,-7.\ lj!77, I67i:. Joiin
SoIjI.;.
' J84H. T'loman Foin'juiy.

lix'-l, ii'iS. Cliarle.H 1:. Kuliiju.-a.

WiJ-ft'l. Kortli ncililis-ix

1*04. John C.i*i'Cr.

I«r.5. John W. WrirM.

l^V.. Nailiniii.! r. finnger.
, I.-ii0-02. Jojli'l.i W. V^'ii.Ie.

180C8. WIMialil Slr.ill.iu.
i 1?>'3. Maui-lce H, r.l!i;n.

iK'iS. I$>-nJai'.ln *:n.ilon.
; 18i',3. .S'lnuul R.jf:ei«.
■ 18C8, i877-T8. n'jrr.jr, X lpiii-i;:oti.

1S-70-7S. K.'w;,r! Hnll.

1S72-71. 1S76. .I«'*[.li H. We:>hcr.
: 1^70. Bv-t*jani!n Bo^^en.
, lS7.*-*i). I1..VI.; P. KIwbU.
' 'iSSO-Sl. Ti;...ii':is It. J,ihu«)n.
I ie«l. WilllHni I'ux.
; 1S.?2. Jo..iall Mitki'.

CO.M MISSION
IS.v.. MMitl.:e Hall.
1S2'1. Joseph Birjelt.
IWIl. J.dtdi.hT. .Allen.
1821-11. Fiisha B«v.tl.
leSl-W. Cu>;,oi W|.|ar.
I>21. Willnini Ilall.
1'22. Jo.-! ph lUnoocf.
I6il-3.X Ji-hh Millet.
^«.'f-l.^. J;.«ir8 R..|.(!i5nn.
)8i4-:iS. Ciaycoa Vistnr.
1S4IM1. I^aHC n. Liwronee.
18-12-46, Ir'i'j. Willl.iui A. Baker.
IWJ-iil. J^jeph H.i.5ei!, Jr.
18I6-.Vi. Jo.'ljh a. SIrepparJ
1:^7. 18IU-i4. JoMph ){. Chew.
li;.-^-^';,l-::-78 Wm.C.Sliej.l.ar.
Ii.'>l-i7. Joc.-ph L!pi/iuccit'..
1V5,V57. John I^ivlon.
l*>7-&«. Pclcr Smith.
13S7. Rivld B,„,elt.
1«J8-,W, i;j->-0i. J. II Gri.r.

LM.s OP AIPEAI..

; l'!io-f'J, IST'VTS. Ca-p-r \V. Aoinn

1 IRj9-62,183i. Wltli-iiii Smua.c-ril!.

I I<-'03-66. Wiiii,„n.SJnuir.i.

! 1604. Tlioni.15 U. Wrighl.

; Isa^-CO. Davl.l Pellit.

! L.67. Aaron Llppln-oU.

j Hi;7-70. P.mjaniiii B.-.wei,.

1808, 1S77-78. J..-iah WUtar.

ISie-OS. Ei-r.inel P. C.iri'onter.

UCO-'U. 5'liowin 1". Uon.l.

lft7c.l-7». Wj-att W. Jtillc.-.

1.^2-7.). J.,i.1ju:, Tholiip*jn.

l.'<72-74. Xhon.as D. J >he6.
: 18;o-7«. Il.irclay Criscoin.
i U7;>. Jo"epli I;, lliwkett.
I. 1«7». Juslah Wi-t.r.
. '>.;79-fl. John T l(.-,Mrtt.
• IS^O-.t^. Wllllini If A.-lon.
' 1SSO-»2 Samuel T. l.l| pliicotl.

1-2. Wai:cr I). Gri,. .im.

433

SfRVEYOItS
15*J0. Tlinniiui I.ippin.'olt.
l>Ai-^i, ISSi-os. (;wti,-c Hall.
16CI-2!. Isauc M>:Alli^tl■^.
1W3-24. Jwioi,!i lliiucock.
1824, I'SGJ-SJ. easier WUljr.

1?2»-.'U. Jubu .AiTudtrung.
1S29-31. Wgo.liiult IMlil.
1S1V37. Ch»rlM Bi-niieit.
IS37-3?. Tlioniiu Duiin.
183)>-a9. Jo<epli awji-tt, Jr.
1S39.41. Asher Ittizby.
ISJii-tl. l:i:alii> Kis.'.clt.
1842-15. Calol. Lippinroll.
lW2-|.i. Vj|||:iiii r«nwut«r.
ISJa. WilWi.iil A. Bak-r.
ISIO-.M. Kicliai'J Wisur.

HISTORY OF SALEM COUNTY.

or iriGiiWAVs.

l*4'i-47. r.ivi.l V.nnn.nian.

ISIS-.irt. lSi2. $»iiiiicl Hall.
! l)i.i-'-50. Suniiif I .Mtl.

isa-o.;, ISO-l-Ci. E. II. ll^sett.

ISi". CliarWilViiiuT.

1S57-09. J<'8liii;i Tliunipsiin.

IS-iS-Ci. Williiim C. Slieppanl.
, 18Ci. Jani..>s J. IVtIil.

1S03. Samuel P. Allen.

1SC4-C7. Kicliiir.1 Bond.

lf'>l-72. SK.rris li. Kiwell.
. 1S4S-73, If;.-*;. T It. Vl right.

1873-74. W«.,li.,,tl I'.Hit.

1»74. Iiavld <. Kiger.

If7',-M'. Tlmmj^oii Ilincbiiian.

18S1-.S2. liobcn J. Suninieiill.

JCPGES OF ELKCTIOX.

1S20-S4. William Hall.

ISOl-W, Uv2S-:7. luriiini. Muirunl.

185S- 9. Jos,.|,l, ri.iiicock.

18.10-31. Hcfiiry »faa.

IWi-M. George ll.ill.

1ST7-40. John Aiuislroog.

J.1II 1.1. nav.,1 l!n«(.|t.

1S42. Tliomas Pi.kins .n. Jr.

1644-49. A«hfr Biizl.y.

ISiO-Jl. r.iclianl W iBiar.

IS.W-ifl. Siinmol r OariKutor.
18J7-6I, ISM-C--.. John 11. Zorii
lfC9-70. Jatiu- J. IVttll.

1873. Jonalhnii B Rijpr.

1874. IMwnr.! II. Dilv-II.
1874-77. -Wyalt W. Milltr.
IIS7C. I>a>iJ r. llri.T.
l.<i7K-7:>. Juriatlian D. Orior, Jr.
1880. lIulxTI J. Siiiiiiiifrill.
l«al-82. Jojhua ThiimpMi).

1830-31. Jamc Newell.
lA')0-37. \Vil:i:ini F. Jlilior.
18.10-."12. JoiMlhan Itll.l.rlwli
1831-;»7. \V(w,|„ull rclltl.
1S.'I1-31 Charlet B^-nnett.
1K2. H»iir.y Ftv.«.
)M:i-:n. CU.viju WUur.
IfiVST. Xullian Wright.
1S3T-3S. lir. Charlis .*« iug.

SCHOOL COilMITTEEMKK.

IffW. |[.)lh-rt NVwcll.
iN-W-t-i. S.iiiiiiel Hall.
lMO-14. Thorn... PickitiMn, Jr
ISiid-li. Saiiiu. I P. Cirp-uicr.
I84i-I7. Samuel All.uit.
18-12-11. II»rM AlUn.
l^ll. .SaiuiKl Prior.
lMJ-17. Josiph Kui.ett, .Ir.
l*««-47. Hun i«.n Wright.

TOWS SUPKIHXTtSbUSTS.
18I». l>avi.l AlUii. 1S57. Thomai s|«»il:..

I*lw-i0. 180.7-W. S. P. fnrpcnler. IIOS-JO. Havhl ivtllt.
18.-.1-A;. Kdunr.l All-n. ISSO-fil. Joieph R. Hacketl.

IRii-OG. Julili J. I!..."ttl. 18C5-67. George C. MulforJ.

Industrial.— TIi<^ leiKling inilii=try of Manniiigtr.n
i< agriciilliirc. Mufl) of tlip --oil i> of e.Ncdlpiit
quality, well adaptud for rai-iir.; all kimls of cereal-^.
Eiigllsli grai.es liave been cultivated soiiiewhnt ex-
tcnsivply. Tlie land in Mannington is suid to yield
larger crop-i to tlie acre than are grown ja-nerally in
any other township in Salem County. The nearness
of Saleiii affords a ready market.

Formerly the nianufaetiire of liquors Ironi apple-
cider was a prominent interest, .tnd it is said there
were seven or eight distillcrios in operation at once.
Among the ilistillers were William Anderson, Samuel
Hall, William A. Baker, and others. The only such
entorpri-e at this time is that of Elton Kogcrs, near
llalltown. Some of the other distilleries referred to
were localed in the same vicinity.

A windmill was erected in this township before
the Revolution. It stood on the Iiil! at what is now
known as " Clay^vill.j," and did all tlie work of man-
ufaeturing flour, feed, etc., for ten miles around.
'I'liis building wa.s taken down in 1820.

Tlic fir-t wator-powor grist-inill in iho county was

greeted at Mill Hollow, on one of the bianclios i.\
\ Pledger's Creek, by William Forest, in ]n!i2. li w;i.
^ abandoned more than a iuindied ye;\rs ago.
I Tiiom.as Mason Iniilt a grist-mill, supplied witli
power by a branch of Pledgor's Creek, which did ;,
] good business during his life, and was kept in repair
I and operated by his son, James Mason, until tlu'
[ death of the latter, who left it to liis wife's niece,
^ Ann Nichol.son. Tliis lady married Hill Smith, of
I ]'lsinb.)ro, who kept the mil! in running order (Uiriri'
j his life. The head of Pledger's Creek filled up >o
, rapidly that the water-power was destroyed and tlu-
I mill a'oandoned about sixty years ago. Situated in a
■ I grain-producing section, it had long enjoyed a good
: ])atronage.

Fertilizers.— -V new ent;'r|>rise for Salem County
1 is the manufacture of plio-^phale, an industry of this
j cLi.ractcr now being in jirogrcss in Quaker Neck,
i under the management of Joseph Waddingion iV: Son.
, A building for the ijurjiose has recently been erected
on Mr. Waddington's farm, and the necessary nia-
i chinery put in for the n>anufactuie of what is known
I as "Smith's Phosphate."

i An iinjKutaiit tra.le h.os been long had in marl,
I with which the northern portion of Manuington
I abounds. It was discovered in lS:j<> by Joseph Bas-
j sett, who began to dig and sell it to the farinei.-.
around about. His trade kept pace with the increase
I in confidence with which the marl was regarded by
j those who used it, giadually growing to important
I proportions, aud the marljiils, now the property of
j Jlr. r.assett's heir.-, con-titiite one of the most valmi-
j ble business interests in this section. Another niarl-
; bed is located on the Richard Hiles property, and is
i owned by William Slnpe.

.\ limekiln, now the properly of Cl.irkson Lippin-
cott, has been some years in operation on Feiiwick's
Creek, near tbc bridge connecting .Mann'nglon with
Salcni. Here is also a landing and a e.oal-wharf be-
^ longing to Dunn .V:. Zeros. Henry 13. Richnsan li:i-
a SLCond limekiln and landing, established a few ye.ir:.
ago on Salem Creek, and known as Webbers Mill
lauding. Two .steam-barges slop there daily during
the .-.eason of navigation.

.■\Iaiinington ha.s long been noted for its fruit,
which grows lu.xuriantly, and for the fine varieties of
bearing and ornamental trees cultivatcil there. Saiii-
ui'l Reeves liad an early nursery near JliiiiniM.'loi!
_ Hill, from which fifteen thousand j.eacli-.trees wen'
sold in one .season as long ago as 1832. The ceK-
brafed " Centreton Nurseries" of Mr. Clark IVtti:
were established by David Pettit in 18.37, and by him
! owned and cultivated succe--sfully most of the time
until 1807. Frank Pettit became the jiropiieior
about teu years ago, and .soon stdd tiicm \r ll e
pre-cnt owner. These nurseries are very e.vlensive
and of widc-siire.id reputation, and Air. Pottit is aN>'
well known as a brc-lcr of '-Jersey Red" hogs and
fancy poultry, which he .-U\\)^ to all .si;ctiuns of i!;.'

TOWNSHIP OF MAXNINGTON.

439

' I'niteii States nnd Canada. II. T. i^lioeniaker, of

iliis i(.\vii>!iip, is also a prominent niirscrynian, lii<
liiiiioe.-s being of recent establishment.

VILLACES ASD IIAMLKTS.

Marmington Hill.— The principal villusre in Man-
iiitit'ton in point of historic intercil is Mannintrton
Hill, which is .«ituateil on a slight elevation near the
centre of the townsliip. It contains within its sonio-
wh.Tt uncertain boumlaries a goodly settlement, com-
jirising among its inhabitants many persons of thrift
and enterprise.

Tlie most prominent and interesting feature in the
history of the village is an episode which occurred
during the Revolutionary war, and which is thus re-
lated in the " Historical Collections" of Messrs. Bar-
ber and Howe:

"During the American Kevolution, a small |)arty
of the cneniy, at ni..'ht, broke into a house occupied
by a Mr. Ambler, in this village. The family con-
sisted of the old gentleman and wife and two daugh-
ters. The party, on entering, commanded iheni to
keep perfectly quiet, and not to lift their hands from
under the bed-cloihes on pain of being murdered.
.After rifling the rooms of the valuables and such
articles as they could conveniently carry, they de-
camped."

This hou>e was rebuilt, and was afterwards long
Joseph Shcppard's residence.

Vessels early landed at Mannington Hill, and there
was a store-house, probably two hundred years ago,
on the farm now owned by the heirs of David Pettit.
On the James J. Pettit farm the liiiies si->ters, four
maiden ladie-^. kept a store for many years, as is sup-
pi)-ed, until ISiid. Tiicy are .said to have dealt in a
great variety of nicrchamlise, including about every-
thing deuiaixlcd by the (icople of lho<e days, and to
have dispensed whiskey whok-jale and retail in such
quantities as paid them right royally. Later mer-
chants at "the hill" were Joseph Xieholson, John
Lawrence, and Mrs. David l{:Lssett.

From time immemorial Mannington Hill has been
the scene of the labors of the blacksmith and the
wheelwright. Among local blacksmiths during the
past sixty years may be mentioned Janob Frea-,
Ebenezer Lolt, David S. English, Furman Wood-
sides, Richard Robinson, Joseph Iv. Ch«!W, and the
Fo.\es, Mark, Minor, and KIwood, the latter being
the present blacksmith. Enoch Allen, Isaac Wood,
David Peterson, Howell Iloirman, Samuel Bariiet,
flcorge Shoppard, and George Fo.\, the latter now
• arrying on bu-iines-;, arc mentioned as among the
most prominent wheelwrights during a like period.

Up to twenty years ago several shoemakers succcs-
-ively located at Mannington Hill, remaining for a
greater or less time re--pci.'tively. The last of these
was Saniucl Snellbaker. His predecessor was Jacob
(.'uriin.
There Wiis long ago a taveru whore Elwood Fo.\

i \

now lives. It closed its doors upon tb.e public in
lS2-i.

Welchvilie.— This is a hamlet somluvost of Man-
nington Hill, on the road to ClaysvilK-, containing a
store, a bhn.ksmitli-shop. and a wbcolwrigbt-sUop. :'.
few dwellings, and a building known a< '■the to\vii
hall.-'

Welchvilie was named in honor of Morris Welch,
who opened a store there about 1S46. Six years later
he was succeeded by Wood Van Meter, v\ ho died about
\t>bi, and whose widow sold the store to Richard Du-
bois who w:us succeeded, in IS'^0, by nenjamin Bowen,
who sold out to J. Harvey Robinson in ISSl.

The building occupied by tlie wheelwright- and
blacksmith-shops was erected by Joseph C. Shepp.tid
iu 1S4S. About 1S49 he sold the wheelwright-shop
to Samuel Barnett, and the blaeksniith-shop lo
Charles Seagrave. Both shops h:nl other occupants
later, and about twenty-five years ago were purchased
of John Arm-trong, the then occupant, by Willian;
Fox, the present owner.

H.iUtown.— This is an old haiiilet, in the north
pait of the township, and it was the locality of the
rc-idcnce of the Hall family, of M;'nnington, a will-
remcmhered representative of which was John Hall.
It was formerly known as " Hall's Corners."

One of the early residents there w.is a Dr. Dixon,
who built a house, which is still standing, at a date
too remote to be named by the best-informed inhab-
itants. The school-house lot is a part of the pro])-
eriy once owned by him.

A .store was bniit thero in 1840 by Jeremiah Fo.\-,
who kept it until 1S4". He was succeeded by Thomas
J. Casper, Holmes Wright, Samuel r.enncr, John
C.i^per, Lynn I'i Patterson, and John Laylim, who
became proprietor in March, \Soi>, and not long
thereafter the building was burneil. Mr. Layton re-
built the store, and kept it until his ileath. Dayton
Riley then purch:ised the property and for a time
kept the store, but it soon passed into the posscs.sion
i of Samuel P. and Collins .■Vllen.who were bis backers
in what proved to him an unsuccessful enterprise.
Willi. im and Furman Matlson later kept the .-tore.
The present proprietor is William Payton.

In 1840, Thomas Fousburg built and opened a
wheelwright-shop. Thomas Wright removed to Hall-
town in l.S.'>l,and in 1853 built a wheelwright shop,
and in 1855 bought the Fousburg properly, leasing a
blacksmith-shop belonging to the "store property,"
then owned by Thomas J. Casper, whicii he occupied
until 1S75, when he erected his present shop. From
1,^75 to 1S7S John Ballinger and William Wilson
sueces'sivcly occupied the blacksmith-shop vacated
by Mr. Wright.

Marlboro.— Marlboro is a hamh t largely popu-

■ lated by colored people, which grew up near the marl-

pits in the northwest part of the townsi.ip as the

result of the trade there established in marl, as el-.e-

where staled. Thomas Marsh;ill, a colored n\aM,

440

HISTORY OF SALEM COUNTY.

opei!ed a small sturo there in 1S39, :ind upon his
dealh was bucccedi-d l>y one Scott, also colorcJ.
Sauuiel J. Moore, a colorod man, succeeileil t?cott,
and continued bnsine?> there until ISSii.

Benjaniiu Abbott became proprietor of iliis sitand
in ISSO, and t^old out to Edward Kiger in IS^l. A
post-office was established in ISSO, with Abbott in
charjre. Edward Kiger is the present postmaster.
Another store was established by Tliom:u; F. Lippin- ■
cott in 1S7S.

Marlboro is scattered over considerable territory,
and contain? two colored Methodist Episcopal
Churehes, the two stores referred to, and several
dwellings, most of them small and all of tlu-m un-
pretentious. This place was formerly known as
Marshallvillc, in honor of Thomas Marshall.

Cleysville. — Claysvillc is an unimporlnnl hamlet,
across Fen wick Creek from Salem, and until 18S2 de-
rived some distinctiou from the faet of il^ being the
terminus of the Salem Railroad, recently c.-ctended
into the city.

It is inhabiteil diiefly by colored people, though
several respect.able while families also reside and owu
l>roperty there.

It contains three stores, a blacksmith-shop, a wheel-
wright-shop, a school-house, a Methodist Churcli (col-
ored), anti about iwciity-five dwellings.

One store was opened, about 18"<i?, by Lizzie Nickens
(colored), who still keeps it. The store of John Xoble
WPS ojiened by the present j.roprietor about 1 S5C. The
building; which has been oocii|iied since 1870 by Daniel
Burton (colored) as a store was built about that time
by Hunon <V Keynolds (colored), with a \iew to open-
ing it as a hotel ; but failing to obtain a license, Rey-
nolds withdrew from the enterprise and Hurton estab-
lished the store he has since kept.

The blacksmith-shop was established by Furman
VVoodsides about l.?32. Richard Ernest took pos-
session in the spring of LS^^S. The wheelwright-shop
was opened many years ago by Joseph K. Chew, aud
has been occupied by Joseph Harrison since the
spring of 1S.S2.

Acton Station.- -Hy this name is known a flag-
station on the .Salem Kailmad, in the southern part
of this townshii>, whence much milk is shipped by
farmers to Camden and Philadelphia.

Public Schools.^Tlip earliest schools in this town-
ship were established at Mannington Hill and at llall-
town. They and some of those established later in
other neighborhoods were "pay-schools,"' organized
on tlie basis of a stated tuition per scholar, payable
by parents to teachers.

Under the public school laws of New Jersey, Man-
ninglon is divided into nine school districts, known
and numbered tlius: Claysville, Xo. 1.5; Wyncoop,
jo. 16; Red School, Xo. 17; Haines' Xeck, Xo. 18;
Halliown, Xo. 10; Concord, Xo. 20; Centreton, X'o.
21; Swedes' Bridge, Xo. 22; Mount Zion, Xo. 2'?.
The number of children of the school age in the

township is six hundred aud eighty-one, and :
male and seven female teachers are usually enipl.,,

A Well-Remembered Murder. — .V most di.ii...'.,
cal and lirutal niurdor was )M>rpotrated near Hallt.n^ ;
in this townsl'.ip, on Xov. 11, 1S.")2. A woman ij;i!i;. i
Mary Treadway, about thirty-two years of age, w.i.
the victim, and upon circumstantial evidence of ,
strong character, her husband, Samuel Trcadw:r.
was charged with the murder. She had been li\i!..-
about two months previous to her death in the faini'-.
of E'lward Bilderback as a servant, having separMi..;
from her husband, owing to his bad tem)icr and vi .
leut treatment. He had been convicted and m:.
tcnced to a short term of imprisonment, some ti';-.
previous to the murder, on the charge of assault an ;
battery and threatening the life of his wife. Hi-
sentence expired about two weeks previous to i!k
murder. On the evening of the day incntioncil. sIk
was standing at a kitchen window at Mr. Bildtr-
back's, w.ishing dishes, when a shot was fired frum
without, which took effect principally in her U;i
breast. She immediately exclaimed, " Oh, I ;ni:
shot!" and staggered through the sitting-room inin
the parlor, where she died in about twenty niitiutc<.

A coroner's jury was summoned, and a. post-7norl- n
examination was made. Forty-four large shot wcr.
found in and on the body, one of which had penetralcl
the right vi utricle of the heart, and was the imiin-
diate cause of death, although suHicieut other ir.j.i-
rics were ni.ide to have produced that result. T!..
deceased was enrein/e at the time of death. The jury
rendered Iheir verdict that the deceased came to he:
death by pnnshot-woands, believed to have been in-
dicted by iier husband, Samuel Treadway.

In the mean time the husband was arrested anl
lodged in prison. He was fully committed for triil.
and WHS tried in December following, condemned, and
sentenced Jan. 1, 1S.53, to be hanged March 1st i-n-^n-
ing. He made a confession of h's crime January Utii.
which was published soon afterwards, and he \>a-
hanged as sentcnceil, after making a statement of tl:<>
circumstances which led him to the commission of tin'
crime.

A Mastodon Unearthed.-- In August, 1860, whiic
Mr. Joseph 11. Ha'-kett was digging marl near Swi'di-
Bridge, in Mannington town-hip, on what was f'jr-
nierly the 1/Cwis Bradway farm, he unearthed part ".'
the skeleton of a mastodon, tlie head alone of wliicli
weighed over four hundred pounds, and me;Lsiirei!
across two feet ten inches, and in length six feet. Thi-
other parts found wore in proportion. The followinsj
fall Mr. Hackctt exhibited the remains at several agri-
cultural fairs, and »ubsei|uently sold them to theS;a(c
of Xcw Jersey.

Burial-Places. — Mannington enj lynoncdistincii).''
which nnisl long make it a point of great interest i;*
^Vest Jersey, and especially to all tiioughiful residents
within the borders of Fenwick's colony: it contains
the last earthly re-sting-placc of th« great I'lopri' tfn-

CASl'All AVISTA n.

TOWNSllir OF MANNINGTON.

441

.Tolin I'einvick died at liisr^on-in-liiw.Saimii'l Uedgc"*,
ill I'pi^cr Mamiii;j;t<>n, hite in 10S3, and at his own
r<.H]iU'st liis body was interred in the Sharp I'aniily
hnrying-pro'ind, now included in the li^lnier Reeve
tarra, near the county almshouse. The grave is un-
marked hy any monument, and is known to but few
persons.

E.irly interments were made here and there on
farms. Many interments, esjiecially among; Friends,
are made at Salem. There are .small buryinp;-<;rounds
in Haines' Xeck and at >rarlhoro, in the yards of the
colored churches, and at the almshouse is a lot where
paupers are buried. There is no cemetery of note or
importance as such in the town>hip.

Religious. — Manuington depends on Salem and
other points outside of its limits almo.«t entirely for
churcii privileges, there being no place of worship in
the township belonging to white residents. This
township was the first point of settlement in the
county for tree negroes, and in the early days almost
every farmer had black servants or slaves. The col-
ored race in Mannington hius been as prolific as it is
found to be elsewhere, and at this time it is not an in-
significant portion of the population, numerically. In
difi'erent sections several colored churches have grown
up, and have been sustained through varying fortunes.
The members belong to difTercnt sects of colored
Methodists.

BlOGRArillCAL SKCTCIII-S.

C.^.OPAU Wi.«TAlt.

Among the early emigrants to tiic province of
Pennsylvania was Caspar Wistar, the ancestor of the
present Wistar family, lie was born in the Klector-
ate of Heidelberg, Germany, in the year IGi'O, and
arrived in Philadelphia in 1717, where he married
Katharine Johnson, of Germantown, in 172G. He
carried on the busine-s of button-maker, and some
specimens of Iiis handiwork are still preserved by his
descendants. His surplus profits were judiciously in-
vested in real estate, on what is now Xorth I'road
J^lreet, Uidgc Avenue, etc., Phil.adelphia, which with
the e.\t(n-.ion of the city rapidly increased in value.
Some of these lots still remain in possession of the
family.

Their son Kichard, who \v:ts the oldest of .seven
children, was born 1727, and married Si-.rali, daughter
of Uartliolomcw W'yatt, a resident of Mannington
'.owti>hip, S.ilem Co., N.J. , in 17.51. Jtichard resided
ill Philadelphia, but purchased numerous tract'; of
land in the towusliij) of Upper Alloways Creek,
Salem Co., amounting in all to between two thousand
and three thousand acres. Some of those old deeds
>'re (|uite curious, being, in most cases, accompanied
with a regularly-executed le.v.e for the tract pur-
cluxscd, dated one day previous to the deed. He es-
tablished a glass-factory about one and a half miles

above the present village of AllowMystown, which
was one of the first, if not (h^ \\r< in the country.
and was successfully carried on for many yo.irs.
having an abundatioe of timber and e.Kcellent sand
in the immediate neighborhood.

The children of Richard and Sarah Wyatt Wistar
were Caspar, P>arlholomew, llichard, John, Caspar (a
second son), who became a very eminent physician in
the city of Philadelphia; Thomas, Elizabeth, and
Catharine. John, who was born in 17.5'J, married
Charlotte, daughter of Clcayton and Mary Xewbold,
of Mansfield, Burlington Co., X. .1., and settled on
the farm in Maniiiiiirton township recently owned
by the late Thomas S. FJaton, and which was a por-
tion of a large tract owned by his grandfather, Bar-
tholomew Wyatt. He was a man of sterling integrity
and uprightness of character, and very useful in his
neighborhood. He had eight children who lived to
maturity and married,— Mary, who married Isaac
Davis, of Philadelphia ; Bartholomew, whose wife
was Susan Lawric, and who resided in Philadelphia,
where he became a successful merchant; Clcayton,
whose first wife was Mary Stevenson, and who after-
ward married Martha Reeve; Caspar, our subject,
who married Rebecca Bassetl; Hannah, who married
Dr. Theophilus E. Beesley, who afterward removed
to Philadelphia; Charlotte, who married Jonathan
Freedland; Catliorine, who married Thomas Evans.
of Philadelphia; and John, whose wife was Margaret
Newbold.

Several of the children of Caspar and Rebecca
Wistar died young, five of them living to maturity,
viz.: Sarah, who married Samuel Abbott, and now
living in Salem, X. J.; Mary, who married Caspar
W. Tliom).son, of Salem, X. J.; Katharine, who is
the wife of Job Bacon, of Greenwieli, CuToberland
Co., X. J.; Caspar, who married M. Eiiiina, daughter
of Aaron A. Fogg, and who now resides in Philadel-
phia; and Joseph B., who marrie<l .Vniiie, daughter
of James Brown, formerly a resident of Salem.

Caspar Wistar was born in Mannington township,
on the farm now occupied by George Acton, on Feb.
4, ]7!ii. He received an ordinary English cduralioii,
and after the death of his father succeeded him on
the old Wyatt homestead. About 182-5 he built the
liouse now occupied by Andrew Griscom, where he
resided until his removal to the city of Salem in 18U1.
successfully pursuing the business of a farmer, his
place being a pattern of neatness and comfort. He
was a man of decided convictions, a warm and .sym-
pathetic friend, exerting a strong inlluence in the
locality in which he j)assed a long, useUil, and exem-
plary life; plain in his habits and tastes, ao'l an
earnest and consistent member of the Orthodo.x
branch of the Society of Friends.

The remainder of his days were sp'ent in Salem in
peaceful retirement, dying in the fullness of years,
and amid the general regrets of his friends, Jan. ii!.
1872. His widow is .still living in 388S.

4i2

HISTORY OF SALHM COUNTV.

SAMtKL A1!I;01T.
Genrri' Al)t).>ti, with liU two lifithers and sisicr
Mai-y, I'luij^rato'l I'roiii Enghiiul Id Xow Eii;;1:iIk1, ami
al'ti-r a sliorl S'yr.iiin there, wiili lii> wife Mary ami
si.-tcr Mary, ti>.>k up a residence in the town-ihiji nl'
Elsinl'oro.Saleiit Co., X. .)., in tlie year IGOO. In llie
year 1G9G he |>urclia.sed of Joseph Xicliolson one
hundred am] ihirty-six aeres of land, lyin-j on the
north side orMoiini-iulh Kiver, now known as Alioways
Creek, it beiiij; tlie lowest farm situate on the iioith
side, n wliiili were added various pieces and parcels
of land in snreeeding years. In 1704 he erected a
brick hoii<e, and in 1721 an addition also of brick.
This house is flill standing in good repair. It re-
mained in the .Mibott family to the lifrh generation,
a period of one hundred and fifty years.

The children of Georj;e and Mary Al>bott were
Benjaoiin, Hannah, (icorge, i^arah, r.ebecea, Samuel,
and Mary. The will of George Abbott, wliicli was
admitted to jirobatc in 17l'0. devi-ed his real estate to
his son, Samuel Abbott, and divides his personal
property belween his two daughters, Hannah and
Uebccca Abbott, the other children having died be-
fore their father. Mary, his widow, survived hiin
eighteen years, and died in 1747. Rebecca married
into the Howell family of Gloucester County. Han-
nah died before her mother.

Mary Abbott, s^ister of George, the emigrant, mar-
ried William Tyler, Jr., whose father emigrated from
Kngland in 16S5, and had a family of six children.
Samuel Abbott, sixth child of George, the emigrant,
born 1712, and the only male descendant, married in
173:j, Hannah Ko.-ter, born Oct. 21, 1715, daughter of
Josiah and .Viny Foster, of lUirlington County, N. J.,
and hud tliree children, — George, William, and Ke-
bucca. He died Xov. £.">, 17i'>0. He was a minister
in the Society of Friends, whose e.^eiaplary and
Christian life gained him a good report among men.
Hannah, his widow, married Samuel Xicholson, of
1-lsiiiboro, and died in 1700. William .Vbboit, second
child of S.iinucl Abbott, born April 4, 17;'.7, married
Ilebecea, daughter of William and Elizabeth Tyler,
of Saloni County, X. J., and had three children, —
Samuel, George, and Josiah.

William, their father, after an active life as a farmer,
died ill January, ISOO, aged sixty-three years. Re-
becca, widow of William Abbott, died July 2H, 180G,
aged sixty-four years.

Samuel Abbott (2d), eldest son of William and Re-
becca Abbott, born X'ov. 27, KCi, ni.irried Marcia
Gill, daughter of John and Amy Gill, of Haddonlleld,
X. J., and had four children, — William, Rebecca,
Hannah, and Sarah. His wife died Jan. 2, 1798. On
Jan. 10, 1X09, he married his second wife, Martha,
daughter of Samuel and Mary Ann Ogden, of Pitts-
grove town-liip, .^alem Co. Of this union were bom
five children, — .'\r:;ry Ann, Lydia, Samuel (3d),
George, and .Martha, who became the wife of .Samuel
S. WilUlts, of Haddonfield, X. J. Samuel Abbott

(2d) was a successful business man, a consilient nu-iii-
ber of the Society of Friends, identifying hiinsoli
firmly with its interests. He died .\pril 14. IS"'.
aged seventy-lwo years. His widow died .May :
1S4S. Samuel Abbott C'.d), wlris.» iiortrait appear-
in this work, was born on tlic 14ili of .March, ISl.',
He was brought up on the home tarm, ob'.ainin.-
much of his education at the ."^alem .Vcadeniy, a'l.l
afterwards at Westtown noardingSchool, ClirsUi
County, ]*a. ; also at a school taught by John Rul-
lock at Wilmington,. Del. .Vfur the death of hi-
father, in li-'.i'i, he assumed the responsibilities of tin-
business of the farm, and for a period of near lil'ty
years made agriculture the main business of his lil.-.
In May, 1S79, lie removed to Salem, X"^. J., and ir-
tired from business. When the constrmlioii of liu
Sulcm Railroad, to connect with the West Jersey,
was agitated in ISri?, lie look an interest in its accom-
plishment, an<1 upon the organization of the company
was elected a director, and in ISSl, .Tftcr the de:\lh ot
Benjamin Acton, was chosen president, lie marricil,
May 6, 1S4(;, Sarah, eldest daughter of Caspar a:). I
liebecca Wistar, and has four children, viz.: Mary
Ann. wife of Josiah Wistar; Samuel, who is now re-
siding in Floriila: Rebecca W., wife of Ciiavlc; \\.
Warrington, of Philade!|.hia ; and Katl.aiine W.
Abbott.

CH.M'TER LXX.
TOWN.SIirp "j,v oLI>MAX\s.'

Situation and Bonndarios.— Ohbnan's is the oiv ;
northerly towns!ii]> in .'Ndem County, and tl;e i;itoj!
organized. It is bounded north and northeast by
Woolwich ^Gloucester County}, e.i-t by Pilc-gro-.e,
south by Upper Penn's Xcck, and west by tho Del:i-
ware River.

Descriptive r.nd Statistical.— Oldman's cntain^
eleven tliou-and seven hundred and eighty -two acivs.
The surface is level. The soil is a dry sandy i.nfini,
which yields L'ood rcsuUs if properly cuUivatc'i. 'flu
princip.il products are rye and fiidian corji, li'.oii;:'i
all the cereals grow profusely, and fruits and vecpi'-
bles abundantly. There is very little uniiii|u-ovi'.^
land, and none not .'Usceptible to ledemption.

The statistics of property valuation, indebted n?:--
and taxation, as returned by the a^.«essor in ISS', '''•■'
here pre--cnted : Valuation of real estate, ^.<5S-.7-/>;
valuation of personal property, ,'?3o 1,200 ; total il-J'-:
i!24.S,4iO ; number of voters, 375 ; amount of poil-t'i's.
4^539; school tax, S174G ; county tu.t, SUW.

Xear Pedricktov,ii, in this townsh;i>, is a valu!ili!''
bed of shcll-.'narl, which has yielded large qu.tntiti'-
of that excellent fertilizer. It h,as been ctnploye'! :ni-
vantageonsly in neighboring townships, liaving bf-c:i

'a^^

^^^t:^

TOWNSHIP OF OLU.MANS.

4-13

...un.l nK..t bcncticial to light and san.ly ^oil, ii. ti.e The only ..„n of Ko^-er Tedru-k ^va.. named John
cilliire.-i grass and grain, when applied in qiianti- and he inlicritod the entire pureh.i>e, which was vet
t.c-^ of alu.ut ten two-lior.-^e wagon-lo:tds to the acre, nnbroken at the time of the death of the pioneer
In opening the |.its. a bed of oy>ter and other shells leaving it to be divided between .six sons^ and two
at irregular distances from the surface (varying from daughters. Eiihu I'cdriok, -rand-Mi of .).din and
three to twenty feet) presented itself, measuring about William Somers, the paternal and maternal "rand-
three feet in thickness. Bencatii it is a considerable fathers of William II. IVdrick, K.q., of Tedricktown
mass, composed of black earth and shells, known as became the owners of as much of the tract as had

gunpowder marl, which is not in as liigh repute as the
stratum before alluded to, which when exposed to the
air disintegrates rapidly, and is considered in its pul-
verized form nearly etiual to guano for tlic purposes
of artitJcial fertilization.

Tlie Delaware River washes the township on the
west, receiving .several tribnt.iries which rise in the

not been sold at the time they .issumed jiosscssion.
By them and their heirs much of the land has been
sold, but William H. Pedrick, Esq., now owns one
hundred and thirty acres of the original jjurchase of
Ivoger IVdrick, it having been owned in the family
two hundred and seven years.

The Soiners family were comparatively early set-

central pari. Oldman's Creek liows along the north- tiers, and some members of it have l>oen" prominent

eastern, northern, and northwestern borders, from the citizens.

eastern extremity of the township to the point where Edward Mccum, Cornelius Copnor, Thom..s Lunb-

thc stream is lost in the Delaware. Ash Creek is a sftn, Thom.as Baldwin, and William Jlewcs were

tributary in the northern part, which has iis source among the (irst En-lish e.ni-ranis who ,,urcliased

in some small streams rising north and west of Pel- lands in the upper district bordering on Oldman's

ricklown.

The Delaware Shore Railroad crosses Ohlman's
southwesterly, terminating at Peniis Grove, in Upper
I'enn's .Neck, aii'l the various portions of the town-
ship are connected with each other and points be-
yond by a convenient number of good wason-roads.

Settlement.'— Th.1t ;>ortion of Oldman's lying con-
tiguous to the boundary between it and Upper Penn's

Creek, ilewes jiurchased a large tract direct fron.
Penn in )0S9. It was surveyed by Richard Tindall,
in accordance with an order of James Ncvill, of
Salem. His great-grandson, ITezekiah Hewes, was
a cabinet-maker and undert.-iker in Salem as early as
1780, and he continued in business as much as twenty
years.
George Clark's ancestors probably first located in

Neck was early settled by the Swedes. Those por- Gloucester County, but he became a large landholder
tions bordering the Delaware River and Oldman's in the vicinity of Auburn. Thomas, his son, was born
Creek, and extending inland, were purchased by in 17-12, and married Deborah, daughter of Thoai.is
early English landholders and emigranu. i Denny. George, one of their sons located on his

John Ila.Idou, ,n Eriend, resident in England, ^ father's property near Auburn,
bought four thousand acres of Job., Eenwick, ex- John Scull is supposed to have emigrated from
tending from Salem Creek to Oldman's Creek, and Holland to America about ItilW, and located on Eon<'

lying partially within the present town-hip limits,
bordering on Pilesgrove.

Haddon never came to America, but empowered
John Estaugh, who married Elizabeth Haddon, to
liave this property resurveyed in 1733. Estaiigh sold
Aiurlcen hundred and fifty acres to Ilarman Rk-bman
about th.at time, and the balance of the tract was dis-
posed of a short time afterwards, and the whole was
subsequently transferied to dillerent later comers,
froni whom it ha.s passed to present owners,

Island, N. Y. Ilis son, John Scull, located at (7rcat
Egg Harbor as early as HVM.

Gideon Scull, Jr., his grandson, came to the site of
Auburn, which was for more than sixty years known
as Sculltown, where he engaged in mcrc:intile pur-
suits, dying in 1825. He had nine chihlren, most of
whom became useful and induciiLial in dillerent walks
of life, some of the sons making their marks as nicn
of business, and some of the daughters marrying iiao
well-known and respectable fiimilies. Sarah James

;ts a

Roger Pedrick, the progenitor of the numerous Scull was born in 17.ja, and died in 183G. Shew

I'edriek family of Oldman's and other portions of recommended minister of the Society of Friends.

^tlein County and New Jersey, came from St. Paul's The family belonged to Pilesgrove .Monthly .Meeting,
'arish, England, in 1002, and located near Salem. Thomas Eambsoa and Thomas Baldwin have bee"n

'he Indians burned his cabin, and, in 1073, he [.ur- referred to as among the pioneers. Thomas and Xriii

cba.ed of John Eldrige one thousand acres of land L^mibson came to America in 1G90, and are .supposed

'■"1 Oldman's Creek, in the present township of Old- '" ''"ve located near Salem Creek, in wh.-tt is now

lean's. ^ The consideration was only five pounds, or Upi'fr Penn's Neck. They had numerous children,

'wo and a half ceuLs per acre. The tract embraced
" e present site of the village of Pedricktown.

' Sum* of il,e il.iH for llils nrlirle i
'I'll an.) Tlioaii- .slK.utili, Kvjs.

nliibul.l ly WllllniuH. Pid-

niany of whom became well known in what is now
Oldman's township, and had their residence wiiliin
its borders. Thomas Baldwin did not long remain Id
Salem County, soon removing to Chester County, I'a.
The last of the race of r.^d men who inhabited the

444

HISTOKY OF SALEM COUNTY.

wUih of wliat is nnw Salem Count)- Hied in this town-
ship in 182S or lS2i). Uo was known as Indian Tom,
and lived in a cabin at the north end of Uradi'ord's
Swamp. Sainnel Lynch and his neiglihor, S. Ped-
rick, botli of whom were Imys in 177G, believed that
Indian Tom was niiiiitcntioiially left, when a child,
upon tlie removal of his tribe from this section.

Organization. — Tlie foHowinjr is a co)iy of the
more important portions of "An Act for the division
of the township of Upper Pi-un's Neck, county of
Salem, and to create a new township of the same, to
be known as Oldman's townsliip," approved Feb. 7,
1881:

"1. B- i( 'na^t-d by Iht S-iui!^ u>id (Jrti- i-jt .l"/-ml)y 0/ t!,c SI'ilc 0/ .Vnr
Jrr^S, Tliiil all lliiil piirl of the to»riii.|iii, of UjipiT Pcnii's Ncfk, In th«
couuty of .Sitlrni. lyiiiK wilhlii llie followiiis l.iumtariw, 1« nil: Begin-
ning m thcnil'Mlfof iildDnn'»Creeli,lH.|njlhei-aiitC"rnfrof Boidlown-
sliip, and cormr of PiUsgivve lu\Tll^lli|>, and running aloui; k'lld town-
■hip line until it intcrtoclii llir middle of tlio Cuur.ws Laiidln„' roaJ;
thcDo- doun tkc niiddir tlirriof to a iiil.Ilr road frt'm Iho niesgrove
linr, ur.ir Alooud'a hoiiso; tliencp down llir Diiddli thereof (11 north
fifty-lwoand tli.'fo.qu.irtpra d«>grtfcfi west th)rt>--d«von clmin«, ^venty-
fire links; l\:\ north Iwculy-thrtr drgrcw, furly minuti-i! wint thirty-
•even chiilna, twenty-five linka; (I) north thirty and onc-hutf dcgre««
wevt aoventy-.tne chains, 8ev>Mity-flre llnkii; (4) north Ihtny-nine de-
gree*, forty mlnuttr? west suveii chanis, twclrc links; ^f.) north thlrty-
Ihrco and une-hulf degrees went nine chnins 10 a public roitd leuitiag
from Terkiiitown to the fTke-J hickory; Iheneo north fifteen defi^-e"
weal about one and a lirtlf nill-a to the |i»lavrnre Rher Riillrouil, where
tt interrectji Wepx ILiok Run, and from Iheiiee running down th" mldillo
of the main etro^mi thereof, alon^ iti ^-envnil wlndiit;;!!, to the Delaware
Kirer, IxrinK al-uul one mile ; thence ■-VMire out in the Dehiware Itircr
tolheihi|>-clmnnel; theno- up the niiln >lil|>rhanne| to cpp'ilte t)>e
mouth uf OMin in'a C'reek ; thence square in until It inlcrfecia the Snielo
aad Gluu.-e-ter lounlles' line in the middle of aald creek, and from
thence mnnliig r.p the iiiid llu of the U'.iin stream thorr.>f,alun; its gcu-
etxl wiiidhi):-, aUjUI lwrnl)-one nillra to the place of biglnnifig, (ball
be and berel-y i% cct-* JT from the lownnblp of Uptier Penh's Neck, In the
count} ol .-^itleoi, and made- a t)e)nkr.ite township, to It knowii by the
name of 'The Township of OMni.iuV "

Civil Li'.t. — Tlic following were the officers elected
for 1S81-82:

Townahip Clerk, Asa G. Turner; Judge of Klectiou, John $. Ilaoiplon ;
In.|..-.-t.r« of Eleeliun, Rolcrt C. Pedrick, Joseph I.. Ilornei ; A»-
sosura, Junitrs Sweeten MSSl), Benjnluiu K. Straughu (II«^'J); Col-
lector, Miniuil M. Iluut; Coinmircioncia of Appeal, Thoniiu S.
Weatherly, Williaiu M. Pedrick, 1>h\ Id Taylor; Chj.-en Freeholder,
IxInanJ II. Green : SnrTerors of Highways, Willbm II. Mntls.n,
rixnninii Laymnn; Constables, John Hewitt, Williani P. Titus;
Towiisliip Coniniillee, Alctandt-r 1.. Justice, Jacol> Stiles, Uinjaniiii
W.rhi'Piieiiiuu; Overaeersof Po<t, John Hewitt, Willinju P.Tilua;
Pound-keei«rs, Silas Pedrick, Abriiham Curry.

VILL.AGKS AND HAMI.ETS.

Pedricktown. — Pediicktown, the larpest vill.i^e in
this township, was named in honor of the pioneer,
Koger I'edrick, whose extensive posses-jions embraced
its silc. It is located nortlua.st of the centre of the
tov.iijhip, in the niid>t of a good agricullnrul country,
near the Dolawiirc Shore Kailroad, enjoys a good
local trade and a fine shipping trade in dairy and
garden p.'oduci.s, and lia.s a population of four hun-
dred and five.

Thfc fir.-t store was kepi by Ifiidson •Spriii;icr from
early in the present century until about 18;<8. . He
was succeeded by Ira Hradshaw. In loll, I5iad.->haw

wa.s succeeded by Samuel I5a-selt, he by \ViHi;i!ii
Gregory, in ]S4<>, and Grcirory by Daniel Lampluoj,
in lS."c'. In 1*'G0, hamplujrh built a new store opp.-.
.'ite Odd Follows' Hall. His successors there liavi-
been \Vi;ii:im ISiddle, Charles S. Plummer, :u ■■
James I'cdriek, who keeps a restauiaiU. Iicnjuini:,
Pedrick occupied the old store after Lamidujrh's ri,-
moval, and was succeeded by Stephen Slrau;,'lin. ,
William Allen, and others, until the establislni.ci.i
passed into the ownership of .Tames Sweeten, t. n
years ago, and so remained until 1882, when Sweden
was succeeded by G. Spilzer. After removing I'n.in
the Lamplugh store, Charles S. Plummer buill :,
store, which he has since occujjicd.

The first blacksmith was John Dennis, who w;i.>;
succeeded by Reuben S. Pedrick, and the latter by
Alfred Stclsler, blacksmith and wheelwright. Thoina-
Pedrick and Charles Sa.xton were early wheelwright." :
Joseph E. Pedrick is a present well-known re|irc-;ri-
tative of that trade.

Joel Haines was an early tavern-keeper. .Vim.ii;'
his successors, Samuel Lynch, John Somcrs, Joliii
Sooy, and S-.itnuel Bond are well remembered. Tlior--
has been no liquor license granted in Pedriektiiwn I'm >
any length of time since previous to the war, anJ |
consequently tavern-keeping there wa.s found luiprot-
itable, and lias been long abandoned. The old biiildiii;
ha.s been ilestroyed by fire. }

Pedricktown contains about one hundred dw!i-
ings, a school-house and hall, two churches, sever^il
stores, shops, and biisiiiess-pbues, and a flouriiigmill
doing a large busine.s.s. Much produce is shipped t.> ,
Philadelphia. J

Auburn. — .Vulmm is located on Oldmaii's Creek, j
in the e.xlreme southeast ['art of tlie lovvndiip. I:
was formerly known as Sculltovvn, iu honor of tin
Scuil family, who were formerly large propcriv-
owners and leading citizens there. It contains om
store, a coal-yanl, one church, a school-house, ari'!
about fifty dwelling-;, and has a |>opulation of a littl-
over two hundred.

The first store was ojicned at an early date h.v
Oideon S'iill, who was succeeded, about ]8i.'), by bi-
son David. Among the best-remembered of -iib-c
quent comparatively early merchants at the old slarei
have been Samuel J5olton, who kept a lumber-yani
in connection with the store, ^Villiam Groff, Winfiebi
S. Love, French & Jlorgan, James Morgan, an'
the upper end of the village, which was kcp'i by
Mark Muyhcw and otlier.>.

The Sculls early built a, blacksmilh-.shop, wliicli
was rented to various occupants, well remcinbcrcil
amontr whom were Jamos Holfman and Samuel Lot!-
The present bUicksmith at the old forge is Kobcil M-
corn. Joseph Poulson oieiipi"s ;iiiolhe7 blacksiiiil'i-
lihop of latf-t erection.

TOWNSIlir OF 0]J)MA.NS.

44 o

A coal-yard is kept by John Sivel, who oomem-
|il.i!&s tbe early estahlisliniem of a brick-kiln. Dur-
■.ii;r the season two tngs ply liolweon Auburn and
IMiibidelphia, ciiipbiyed in the .shipment ol' pr./durc
PedrioktOV,-n Station.— This is a hamlet near IVd-
liekiown.ou the Delaware Siiore llailniad, which has
r»rown to its jirosent proportions since the conslrno- ^
tion of the railway mentioned. It contains a depot,
a store and restaurant, kept by Sanuicl L. IVdrick,
anil the grain :iiid sweet (loiato warehouse of John
liiirk, who does aa extensive busineris.

Perkintown.— Perkintown is a liamlct lying south
of IVdriektown, and contains nn'.y a few houses. l-"or-
mcrlv there wa.s a church liere. whicii was converted
into a school-house. The residents are farmers.

Five Points. — This is the name of a hamlet at the
intersection of several roads just beyond the western
limits of rcdricktown. It contains a church, a schocl-
liou>e, and several dwellings.

Industrial.— The energies and capital of the citi-
zens of Olilmaii's are mostly invested in the cultiva-
tion of praiu, fruit, and g.irden produce, and as an
aiiricnllural I'.'wnship it takes high rank.

lu various parts of the township are s>undry black-
smiths' and wheelwrights' shops, mentioned else-
where. Kormcrly lumbering and a trade in wood was
i-.irricd on to some little extent.

The ino^-t extensive business conducted within the
township border.- is that of Messrs. William Justice
& Sons, of Pedricktown, manufacturers of flour and
feed, dealers in gr«in, coal, lumber, and haidware,
shiiipers of sweet potatoes and other produce, and
agcuLs for the sale of guanos, siiper-plio-:phale, and
crude fish. This linn handles about twen'.v-two thou-
sand barrels of sweet poUitoc-, and grinds about
twelve thou--ind five hundred busliel." of wheat and
about the same amount of corn yearly, iloing an an-
nual business of one hundred and forty thousand dol-
•lr.rs.

The grist-mill now the property of this firm was
built by \\'iliiam U. Pedrick in 1S4'J, and owned by
William H. J'cdrick and by Justice & Pedrick until
ISGO. It has since been owned by Vi'illiam Justice
A: Co., l>0ii-G4; Justice, Diamcut iV Co., 1S04-6J; J.
n. Diament & Co, 18tJi>-oG; Justice Jt Vanderbilt,
1<<06-(J7; William Ju.stice, 1S(J7-71 ; William Justice
itSon, 1871-79; William Justice & Sons, 187i)-§2.

A change of the mill by the introduction of rollers,
iiow contracted for, will increase its capacity to '.'.lo
hundred band? of Hour and feed each per diem.

cirfitci: iiisToitv.i
Friends' Meeting. — Th' Tricnds early worshiped
at Pedricktown, in the fi-hoolhouse, wiiicli was re-
moved, and the present fiainc meeiing-house built
about 181:2. Tiu ujiper part of the building w-i/?
■iddsu about IS.jO.

' For lefyrolici; to «arl.v IJajjlist i
"■« I'itusrovc 111 ;.tiAl Cliutcli.

•X llil,|..r) „f

This society is connected with the IMlesgrove
Monthly Meeting. Priscilla Lippincott, of Auburn,
preaches evrry I'ir<t Day, ar.d a Montliiy Aloetii.g
is held on the first .Sunday of each monl!i.

Among the early tju-ikei families in this vicinity
the Pediicks, Somcrses, llidgways, Erwins, Halinscs.
Greens, Goodwins, Snodens, Kiri.ys, Perkinses, and
otlierswere prominent, and the Tlughcsesaud Owenses,
frou\ Gloucest.r County, v.tre CArly attendants.

The Former Church at Perkintown.- The ius-
lury of Mctl:odi>ni in Pcrkintown is the history of
what a single earnest ell'ort may do. In 1702, Ijcu-
jamiu Abbott and David Kartine traveled .Salem Cir-
cuit. Mr. Abbott was invited to preach in a log
house, the home of John Strinijile, about half a mile
from the present school-hou^c.

In the " Life of the Rev. P-cnjamin .\bbolt" we
find the following: "An appoititment had been ni.ide
in Upper Penn's Neck by John Ffirlh, at the house
of Johi\ Striniple, a neighborhood famous for vice
and immorality, where the> had no regular preach-
ing nearer than ten or twelve miles. I wai> informed
that when this appointment was made there were some
l>eroons pre.-ent who were nearly men and women
grown who had never heard a gospel sermon. When
the day came John Ffirlh met me at Murphoy's
Church. We set off, and on my way thillur my
mind was solemnly impressed with th'-se words, 'I
have a message from God unto thee' (Judges iii^ 20).
We went to William Barber's, where we dined.
W'heu wc arrived at the place wc/ound a large coii-
grcgation a:;cMb!ed ; for, in consequence of tlie nov-
elty of a M^lhodisl meeting, and the tfdk of an in-
tended intcrrup'.iou by di-.soln!e persons, tlic people
had generally got together." The leader of a rude
band had anchored hi.-» ves.scl in the D>;lawaiP, in
order to attend this laeeliug. and had sworn that he
never meant to weigh anchor again until he had
driven every Methodist out of the Neck, lie .mis
there with his company |.rc]iared I'oi fight. Mrs.
Hews, an old Quaker woman, encouraged Mr. Abbott
not to be afraid. He poured out- the terrors of ll;e
law upon him, until he wa-^ gl.id to pet out of tin.-
house. As he passed out a Quaker gentleman said
to him, "Thou Inist met with thy match." Mr. Ab-
bott says, " While I was praying for him O'.d con-
vinced a woman of sin, and with her husband joined
society. l!lesscd be God, notwithstanding all the
malice of men and devils, we bad a .soleniu and prof-
itable lime. Soon after a society was fori;ied, and
they became a precious people." Some yr.'trs after
tbe orgaiii/.aliou of the society a frame buildii.g wa-,
erected to accomraoilate the people. In 1S",l' the
present brick building was biiill.

Perkinlown w.aa once the centre of Methodism for

miles around, ni there was no '.MtSholist Church

near. Churches .springing up at the -iUrroimJin.?

centres of population- Auburn. Penn's Grove, and

. Pedric!.t-v,ii- d.rcw so hi-isvily nj.on U.i-. .'-ociety a.^

-146

HISTORY OF SALEM COUNTY.

to coinpleiely exlmust it, and in ISGG it ceasi-d to be
a regular preacliin^-placc, and tlie diurch was con-
verted into a ;icli<ii)l-li<iu:ie.

Ebenezer Methodist Episcopal Church, Aubnrn.
— Tiie i«ri-iM)t liulldinrr, called Xtw Ebenezer Ciuirc!),
was built in ISli. Tlic old Kbcnczer Church stood
just over Oldman's Creek, in Gloucester County, and
had stood there and was used as a house of worship '
for nearly hall' a century, but was demolished when
tlie present one was built.

The society at Auburn was orj:ani/.cd nearly eighty
years ago. This and " (^Id Pilesgrove," three miles
below, were the only preaching-places in all tliis see-
lion of country.

Auburn was originally an appointment on what
wai« called Bridgeport Circuit of the New Jersey Con-
ference, and was supplied with preachers from the
Methodist Episcopal Conference General. Two mar-
ried Mien were sent, one liviuj; at Hridgeporl and the
other at Auburn.

Among early )>astors were S. Y. Monroe, D.P.,
afterwards a presiding elder and secretary of the
Church I'^xtension Society of the Methodist Episco-
pal Church, who was killed on the curs between New-
ark anil Jersey City in IStJG; Ixev. S. E. Post, w)io
was presiding elder on the Camden District, 1S77-S1 ;
Rev. J. S. Hci-ler, who was presiding elder on the
Bridgej'ort District, 1S7-1-7S; Rev. J. I. Corsson, Rev.
J. C. Summercll (deceased), Uev. G. II. Tnllis, Rev.
S. M. Hudson, Rev. James Vansant, and Rev. j^dwin
Waters.

In ISiil .\uburn wa> made an independent station.
with Rev. Joseph L. Roe !is pastor. His successors
have been Revs. P. Y. Caldcr, G. W. Dobbins, S. S.
Rcllville, N. MacNichol, S. H. Asay, Tinnan Robbins,
and the pnisont pastor, J. 1'. Connelly.

Some of the origin.d nicnibtrs were Elias Jester
and wife, James and Sarah llolTuian, John and Eliza-
beth I'.ntchcr, Malaehi Horner, Sr., and wife, Joseph
Hun\phriys, Sr., Jienjamin Heritage, and .lonallian
Matsi-n, all deceased. ,

Rev. Jonas, for sevcr.il years a traveling preacher,
but now dead, was a member and local preacher liere;
also Rev. Jesse T. Humphreys, now a traveling
preacher in Nciv York. S. T. Horner, now a travel-
ing preacher in Minnesota, was a member of this so-
ciety a!.so. Some of its early members still living are
Elisha Horner, Jo.*eph E. Roberts, of Camden, and
Malachi Horner and wife.

The |)re-eiit oflicors arc Enoch Sliinn, local pVcachcr;
trustees, Malachi Horner, Joseph I.-. Horner, Elias
Horner, J. Jl. Given, S. H. Given, A. N. Curry, li.
^S^ Chce.-man; classleade.'s, .Fohn M. Given and
Malachi Horner, Sr.

The nu-nibersliip is eighty. The .Sunday-school has
thirteen oilicers and teachers, and scventy-livcschoiars.
Jonathan Matson was sujierintendent many years, and
latterly Rev. E. Shinn, but at present Eli.is Horner is
in charge of the school.

Pedricktov^'n Methodist Episcopal Church.
The hoii-e of wor-hip of this society was built i:,
]S(>ii. There had been services in the sclio.il-luiii-.
twenty-live or thirty years previous to this tiim
Ministers of the Methodist Episcopal Chnrch caj.u
and preached once in two weeks. The people gen-
erally went to worship at the Metliodist Episcopal
Churches at I'erkintown and Centre Square. I'ji tu
the year ISii.") the Methodist Episcopal Church vi
Redricktown formed a part of Auburn Circuit, in the
same year Red ricktown and Centre Square were organ-
ized into a charge, and they continue thus. At the
time of the creation of the chnrch Rev. Samuel Hud-
son was pastor. His successors have been as follows:
Revs. M. C. Stokes, 1SG5-67; J. J. Graw, 18(iS-G<J;
Noah Edwards, 1S70-72; James Moore, 1S73; Jacob
Price, 1S74-7G; George Ilitchens, 1877 ; James Van-
sant, 1S7S-79: John Morris, ISSO-Si ; John Wagg,
1S82. During the pastorale (.fRev. M. C. Stokes the
parsonage was built, which has been occupied by llif
successive pastors since.

First German Baptist Chttrch of Pedricktown.
— .\ Sunday-school was organizetl among the GeruKui
residents at and near Pedricktown in ISoG, and in
I 185!> a church under the above name was foriuod, ami
a small frame house of worsliip was erected at Five
Points, all under the ministrations of Rev. Casper
Schlag. The constittient mejubers of the society were
Caspar Schlag, Rarbara Schlag.', J:!Cob Ilees, Matten-
Schneider, f^scij-tina Schneider, John Herti, Jacob
' Sehleich, Dorothe Schleich, and John Schafer,

The fir<t trustees were Caspar Schlag, John lb iii.
John Schafer, Jacob .Schleich, and Jacob Hccs. Uev.
Mr. Schlag lias been pastor since the organization of
the church. Tiie ))vesciit mcniber^hip is ihirty-one.

Methodist Protestant Chtirch, Pedricktown.—
A Methodist Protestant Socieiy was organized at
I Pedricktown, and twenty years or longer ago a liouse^
' of worship was built, which was dedicated by Rev.
Thomas H. Stockton. This is a station on the Rridge-
j port and Pedricklov.n ch.irge, which formerly in-
cluded Pcnn's Cirove. Among pastors of a compara-
tively recent date have been Revs. J. W. Laugl.li"
and Isaac McDowell. During ih^; !«asl year the pul-
|iit has not been regularly filled.
Public Schools.— This township is divided inio five
' school districts known as Districts Nos. 41, Auburn;
45, Pedricktown; 4G, Literary; -17, Rrick; 5•^, Per-
kintown.

The schools are well kept and fairly attcn-liMl, :ind
take rank with the best in other similar townshii'S.

Burial-Places,— The earliest burials in this town-
ship weie iii.ide on tiie farms of the .settlers. There
are two public burying-grounds. One of the^ie is the
.Methodist churchyard at Pedricktown ; the other is
located ill the .sonlhcm jiart of the township. Thai
at Pedricktowii contaiti-- sonn early graves. 'J"he
other is not large, but l,'dd< the remains ol'sonie who
died in that si clion vi^irs ago.

TOWNSHIP OF PILESGROVE.

4ri

Winona Lodge. No. 131. 1. 0. 0. F., .'i" Podrick-
t„«ii, was in.-titutfd f;ept. L",', ISOi^, with the follnw-
ing-iiiinicd charter members: IJonjamiii F. Straiiirhn,
.luiiatlian 11. Dradway, James P. Stanton, Charles
O. Peilrick, David Kille, and Tlionia:? H. Ituhinson.
The lirst oliieers were IJeiijamin F. Strau^hn, X. G. ;
T. U. Robinson, V. G. ; Charles O. Pcdrick, Sec.; .J.
II. I'radway, Trcas. The successive Xoblc Grands
have been as follows: T. H. Kobinson, K. S. Pedrick,
I'.dward Urion, J. H. Bradway, Charles O. Pedrick,
.S. yi. Layman, David Kille, W. J.,. Justice, S. M.
Hunt, C. C. P.arber. Joseph E. Pedrick, Georp-e K.
Myers, W. Hewctt, H. C. .Sprin-rer, .S. Si'arks, J. Cor-
son, J. W. Norton, J. K. Justice, William F. Hunt,
S. M. Hunt, N. N. Jordan, J. R Ware, A. .StcKer,
James Sweeten, Martin Carney. In Ji'eptember, 1SS2,
the officers were as follows : J. B. Ware, X. G. ; C. P.
Corson, V. G. ; T. II. Kobin.<on, Sec; K. Prion,
Treas. Meetings are held on Tuesday evenings each
week.

Logan Tribe, No. 37. 1. 0. R. M., was instituted at
Pcdricklown, Feb. :iS, ISl'i, with the fidhnvingr charter
members: C. O. Pedrick, David Kille. C. T. .Sliinn,
J. W. Xorlon, William II. Park, Charles Pedrick, C.
Muniou, Asa Pedrick. O. T. Justice, S. P. Justice, S.
M. Layman. C. O. Pedrick was chosen .'^achem ; S. P.
Justice. S. S. ; O. T. Ju.^tice, T. S. ; C. F. Shinn, C.
of R. ; X. X. Jordan, K. ot W. ; and J. W. Xorton.
P. The successive jiresidiiig oflicers have been O. T.
Justice, William II. Park, S. M. Layman, C. C. Par-
ber. C. F. Shinn, David Kille. G. W. Jordan, H. T.
Gruff, I. Harbert, Thomas Roberts, E. L. James, M.
Oaventa, and R. C. Troll. The tribe numbered thirty-
three members in the fall of 18S2, and nieetinj;s were
held regularly, Thursday evenings, in Odd-Fellows'
Hall.

CHAPTER LXXI. ]

TO\VN.silIl> 01- PlI.EStilJOVi:." i

Situation anti Eoundaries.— Pilcsgrove is one of
the northern tier of townships in Salem County, and
is bounded on the north by parts of Woolwich and
Harri-on townships (Gloucester Co.). on the east by
Ipjier Pittsgrove, on the south by r])pcr Alloways
and Mannington, and on the west by Upjjcr Penn's
Neck :ind (Jldman's.

Descriptive.— 'iliis township is centrally distant
iiortiioa-,t fiom Salem ten miles. It is about eight
niile.s long and about live miles broad, containing an
urea i)f twenty-one thousand seven hundred and
t'ighiy-four acre.?. The surface is level, the soil a
rich, clayey loam, is very productive of wheat, oats,

corn, and rye. Here and there arc valuable deposits
of marl, which is extensively employed as a fortilv.er
in various parts of the county. There is probably
less than a thousand acres of uniuipi-ovcd land in the
townshij). The farms lunubcr two lumdred an<l forty.
Gldmnn's Creek flows along the northern border of
Pilesgrove, dividing it from Glouce-^ter County, and
Salem Creek has its source in the eastern part, where
it is formed by the contUience of several small streams,
and pursues a southwesterly course through Woods-
town and Sharptowji. aflbrding good water-power at
those and other localities, receiving Xckomis Run
and other minor streams from the south and north.

I'ile-grove has a population of three thousand four
hnndrei) and ninety-eight. Its people are thrifty and
enterprising, education and religion are well advancLd,
and, socially and i^>)litically, this is one of the most im-
portant townships in the county.

The town-^hi]i is abundantly provided with well-
kept and much-traveled roads, aiul ihoi^alem Branch
, of I he West Ji:r>ey Railro.id crosses its southeast
corner, with a station at Yorketown, aflbrding a con-
venient shipping-point for jiroduce, and placing Piles
; grove and ci>nlicuous townships in more direct com-
' luunicalion with the outside world than many other
portions of the county.

In 1881 the assessed valiiatinu of real e-tato in
Pilesgrove was .'sl, 824, 7-30, and the personal property
was assessed at -sl.lP.i.O.JO, showing it to be the
wealthiest township in the county, the city of Saleni
only surpassing it in its properly valuation. Its total
indebtedness was ^^1)81,200, the number of its voters
S73, its poll-ta.K i^TGl, its school tux :~.500.t, and its
county tax t'-iO'H.

Settlement.- — Pilesgrove originally contained
eighty (our thousand acres, and it was reduced in
I area by the formation of Pittsgrove, about the time
; of the Revolution. It derived its name from Thomas
I Pile, an eminent Friend, who purchased ten thousand
: acres there, as early as liJ"!!, through his friend, Ricli-
I ard Guy, a pioneer in Elsinboro.

The following is the receipt of John Feiiwick,
I given in this trans.-iction. It is c|iiaiiil and curinus
■ and of much historical interest:

" l:eciiv«I, llio <ine and ihirlielli day of tbo month, cnlltd Jlay, One
I)ioii!ii\nil, itix liilU'lrod iLi)d BC'Tonty-tivo, of and from IMchurd Guy, uf
tlic furlBti of St'pnfy, alliu Slekunliralli, In tlie inuiity of 51 idilli'ji'X,
Clieeacinnn-.,-cr, tlie full Mini of fifly |ii.uniliMi:, vliicli i» Ilio Knnic
sum of fifty iKjnnd:) mr^nlioncd and c.Y{>r(-^sf<l in u cerlnin Itced Poll
tn-arin;; even dutp herewith, and ni.ide from mo, John Kcnwkk, Into of
llinfield, in the county of li'-rks, within th^ kingdom ot Kn;.-laiid, ]'■(-
oru' moyctii- or halff |iiii-ls of ilie Tra.-l
1 .iniorira.

quire, ani chit-f proprietor

oflheone

moyetii-

r halfe piiils

of Land within the Proiin

c»..fNiW(

U9ari.i, ol

New Jer^ey,

to the >ald Kichanl Guy.

"Hy mc.

WilncKsctli preset

" Telcr IT'.tr.

r-hv,

■d Wado.

Samuel N'|.;liol9on.

Thvn

as Anderson

Iticiiard Morfc'an.

»ilni

nd Warner.

John .Smith.

Rich:

rU Xohle.

t.lwK.d Charapney.

Jaaies

Garfildscr."

•' I'prtioniiof tliiaiiketcl

were eont

ilintcd by

Thomas Sho

44S

HISTORY or SALKM COL'NTV.

Tlii~ land \v;is rurvcytd liy Ui^lKinl Xol>lc in lOTo.

Th.iiii:is Pile is <.lc-<.Ti;'i.-J .i-^ " n vili/.Lii and iip-
lioUleror of llie cily of Lotnl'iii.'' ]Io soon came to
Auierita uiid lotatcd ii;ioii lii> |)urcli;:~e. It liots not •
apiic-nr tlii.t lie !i:'.d any i.ins, hul lie liaJ tlirio daugh-
ters, one olwliom, 1-li/abclli, niarriod Jud^rc William
UiiU, of Salem, in ]o>?. It is thought he died before
IGOO, his name not being mentioned in the records of
any tran-aetion alur that date. It is believed Wil-
liam Ilatl came into (lossession of considerable prop-
erty by his wife, some of it, doubtless, lying in Piles-
grove.

About 1730, Isaac Sharp emigrated from Ireland to
America, and took poarfession of six hundred acres of
land at ISle.-sington, now called Sharp^lown, which
had been settled- ou him by his father. He brought '
the frame of bis bouse from Ireland. The site where '
he erected it is known to this day anionir old residents
of the township as "'The Park," and is located on the
farm of Joseph Kobiuson. He had a birthright in
the Society of I'riends, and was a member as long as
he lived. He is thought to have died prior to 1770.
In 1741 he was apiiointed judge of the court of Salem
County by George 11. The following is a copy of his '
comnii.=s:on : i

" GKrtS'iC Tiic Second. h\ lite Cr.ic* of Cod, of Grtat Britain, France,
uid Ireliiid King. D.f^n'ler of tlia Fnltli, an.1 In our trii^lv <taj wrll-
b^loTrd Itimc SL:trp, E.-.! , Gietrtiii,;: We, repo-itng riipeciHl trust :i3j
cciiH I'-bce ill yu»T iiili-^riljr. i rt]<lcnce, mid atilitt, hive a.'^i^Me^t, con-
stitute*., and ati'~'if^t*^''i >■'** ne liu ty these prv^enl^ a.'.-iign. constitute, '
and api'oint vuu, ilic s.>.id I.^anc SI;Arp. to L>c oiir otVicer, Ju-igo of InTii- ,
Hor Court uf r. oimon riea*, lot- lul I in ai.d f.ir our conntr .if $.<leiu, .
ill our Province .1 New Jtr.ev, giUp.- an 1 l.erelv gi..i.l!r,; tc yoo. tbs
<*ld Isiac Siiiicp. lull |«>r.er and flulhoril.v tu ext-rCKO all (awr and
Jurisdi.'livn (•el-n-ing to the e.iJ Cuurt,.ind to Lur, liv, md det-r- •
mine a^l e:t\if.< aid qu.%rreli nhlch U reC",;niul'le lo o'..r .• .il Cviirt.
and t" uwurd e\ec<iliv'n thrrtoo urcor.iliiply. lo tejttutony uhere^<f we
bare cau<> I the Crejl Seal of our IT.jviuee of S.;u Je:-i > lo Ic here-
unto hHixed. AViiDr»d our triisljr ar.d Hell-Udov^ Lewis ^lorriH, Fj-i-,
Capt;iin Cell. ml and G"Veri.;irin-' bi-f over our *a'd I'rivinc" of Novj
Cesar. a, or Ncm Jersey, al.d tlie territi)l1e< tli»riun d-.;l-nJins in
Aoieric.i. and Vi.e .Adioii..! itj the <,inie, and M our city of Pcrib .\mboy,
the sixiiftolh .lay of .\u-ii-l, in tli,. «i;;l,|e.iilh year .if our t..isn. .Vnuo
Diiniiiii 17<1.

"noLilE.**

"Anthony, the youngest son of Isaac Sharp, of
Sharptown, espoused tlie part of the patriots during
the Revolutionary struggle. He lay c.mcealed in the
barn while the I'rili.>h were in the neighborhood of
his hou-c, and Samuel lluniphrey=, the progenitor
of the prtient family of Humphreys, then a small ■
buy, carrieil proviiions to bim in his place of refuge.
He, however, emerged froir. iiis retreat, and went with
Dr. Ebenezer Elmer (the father of .fudge L. Q. C.
KImer, of JJridgeton) to Fort Ticondcr.iga, to partici-
pate in the eipgagements on the frontier. It waf here
that, although a (Quaker, he attained the rank of col-
onel in the army; and his name now stand-" coupled
with the ai>ove grade on the ro-,ter of the ofliccrs of
the American force*. When driven from their home,
the silver plate, and other valuabirs of the Sharjis
of Phar|il'iwn were convoyed across the Delaware
Kivi-r to their rilaiive>, the l;..!aiRy.-, Avhfi le.-ided at

^VilI.liIll:l•)I;. D.'l. The n'.an wh<i rowed the bnal \\„,
named Jonas Keen, ami he related the circiini?ia'ii ■
on his de.\th-bcd as one that had made a deep inr.T.-.
sion on his memory. He lived to the very advanci i
age of ninety year.-, aiul has doceiul.iius now r.-
siding in S.xlem.'' '

Edward Sliarp, Isaac the emigrant's second son.
married Martha, daughter of Col. Mark Thompsun.
of Gl.'UCesterCouiity, of Revolutionary inciiiory. 1 |■^
family of Jacob Thom]i.-iin Sharp, M.l)., fuiiiierly .,['
Salein, are the only surviving repioscntatives of il.c
family <if Isaac .Sharp, all of who^o children, excep:
E.lward, Dr. Sliarp's father, died wiiliout is^ue. Dr.
Edward S. Sharp, of Salem, is a son of Dr. .lac'i'o
Thompson .Sharp.

Isaac Sharp's younger brother, Joseph, also lived at
Sharptown, and perhaps came to America with .ir
soon after his brother. By his will, made in 17C-1,
Isaac Sharp first gave to his sons, Isaac and Jo^Cll^..
all his remaining lands in West Jersey.

William .Sharp, the younger brother of Anthony
Siiarp, father of Isaac, was born in Glo.iccster, Eng-
land, and married a woman named Covert, and had
a son Thomas, who came to .Vnierica. To this nephew,
in consideration of the latter looking al'tcr his e;tatc
in New Jersey, .\nthony granted one thousand acres
of land, of which the .Salem County almsliouse farm
is a i>art, some years before the oj.cning of the eigii-
teeuth century. Isaac Sharp, son of Tlumias, buih.
early in the last century, a large brick dwelling, whieli
is still to be seen in good repair on the farm of Wil-
liam Austin. The remains of a large deer park, sinti-
lar to that of Isaac Sharp, of Sharptown, is visihlt"
in the vicinity of the old mansion mentioned. Tl.i?
Isaac Sharp was an active member of the Saleii'
Friends' Meeting, and one of the justices of the S.ileni
Court, 1701>-S9. His descendants are not numerous,
and it is a fact worthy of note that no part of tho
large landed property of the .Sharps is at this tinic
owned by any of their descendant.s.

Jacob, son of Pcstore and Hannah Lippincott. lo-
cated in Pilcsgrove, where many of their descendants
are now living. In this township live also many ..e-
fOendants of Samuel Lipjiincott, a " public FrifJid.'
a son of Kreedoiii and a giand.-on of Itichard Lipjiin-
cott, who is thought to liave been the pioneer in
America of that family. Samuel Lippincott was a
well-known citi/.eu as early as 172-j.

Joseph Coles settled on a farm near Richuian'-
Mills, lived there, and reared a family, which l.a-
grown to be very numcron- in the township.

Joiiii Davis emigrated from Wales, and settled "'<
Long Island. He belonged to the sect called "Sing-
ing '.Quakers," wor-hiped daily on a stump, and wa-
very jdous and consistent. He lived to the age o;
one hundred years. About 170'), some years Ijcfure
his death, he moved with his family to Pilc-grovv

> 111,1 .ry uf ^•.■lmi.k■^ O^l-.ny, ri'. il''-, ilT: Mr. upJv

TOWNSHIP or I'lLF.SOrxOVE.

! 1

t<i\vii9liip, where Wooilstowii now i«. His c-Mcst son,
I^aar, came to Xew. Jersey lirst, Jnlin soon after willi
his family. David, the son of Isaac, became promi-
nent, and liis tlescenilants arc the most nunierons.
lie was appointed liv the hegi^lntiirc a juslice of tlic
peace, and subiecjuently was judjre of tlie Salem
Conuty courts. He v.as one of the four Friends who
assisted in organiziiijr the Pilesffrove Meetiiis-. about
17:24 or 1725, jirevious to whicii time Friends in
Pilesijrove were members of the t^alcm Meeting. .Vt
the time of hi.s deatii he was sixty years old. His
rcsid'-nce was in Pilesirrove, where ho owned consid-
erable property.

Samuel Carpenter, of Philadelphia, boujlil one
thousand aeres of land in Piles;rrove, and sold a por-
tion of it to John Wood, of Woodbury, who lel"t it to
his son, Jaconias Wood, ihc reputed founder of
Woodstown, where it is said he built the flr>t house.

The Barnes family was an anciiMit one, and il num-
bers extensive l.■>ndholder^ in Pilesprove.

Elisha ISnssett. son of William I'.i.-sett, came with
his faUicr frotri lJo~t.>n in lOOl, and bouidit a farm
near Woodstown, on which he lived until his diath,
at tiie advanced age of one hundred and one.

Samuel Ogdcn purchased a farm near Woodstown,
on which he and his wife ended their days, she in
1S19, aged sixty-six, he in 1821, aged about seventy-
six.

-Vfter the rovoealion of the Kdict of Nantes, in
IO54, iw.t brothers, named /acclicus and Thomas
Dunn, thought to h.ive been natives of Alsace or
Lorraine, came to Aincrien with other Huguenots,
-;eekiiij: i)rotection in flight from religion- persecji-
lion, and Z-iechi-us Dunn settled in the upper part
of Pilesgrove. He had a son ZacoheiH, who was born
in IG'.'S. SevoM of his children married and reared
families.

Daviil liacon, a bachelor, and formerly a merchant
in .^alcm, was a .son of John and Kliz:d)eth J5ai'on, of
Cohansey, and wa- born in the first third of the last
century. He removed to Woodstown, and ended his
days there, leaving a legacy to.Pilcsgrove Monthly
Meeting with which to erect the school-housx' now
knnwn by his nair.e.

One of the mo>l j>rominent families that have fig-
ured ill the history of the northern part of .Salem
<-'')unly during the pa^t one hundred and fifty years
"f more is that of the Hichmans, now very numer-
"iis, and for the mo«t part well-to-do and highly re-
-I'ccled. The progenitor was John Richman, a native
"f Ocrmany, who emigrated to this country at an
'••irly day. He located in Pilesgrove townshij), and
foilowcd the milling business during; his lifetime,
•'•fiVing his property to his sons. Isaac and .\braham, "
'lie grandfathers of the older liichmaiis now living.
Vbraham and Joliu Richman wcr<i long prominently
'd'Mitifiod v/ith the leading inieresis of the tjwnship, '
'specially that portion conligiions to Hichiuan's mills,
'^liicli were frccled by iheni in IH.i'i.
3m

During the period from ISOO to lS:'.ii the following;
nanud families were prominent in Pile.sgrove:

iii>iior.

Bil'Jvrbnck.

I!:>lriiigpr.

Bttriici.

Ik.r.len.

Ciiilbopiwr.

Cii«K-.v.

C.x.k.

CoDovcr.

Chtp.v.

rasper.

Colo.

CiMk.

Cwtt.

Coiiklin.

rill r is.

Dfckilison.

Paro.

DiifII.

Ifickson.

n«in.

Kvaus.

Elwrll.

Fithton.

<jordoD.

Gray.

Carrfiner.

Ilniuj.Iirey.«.

llonicr.

llenUt.

ilntit

Kifcr.

Lijitiiicott.

Lowrie.

McCMllistor.

Mnrga.1.

Moore.

Mujiiew.

Miller.

Null.

Nixon.

PUisoa.

Pclorsou.

I'jlo.

Prickott.

Flssiint.

Pciik.

Pflnconst.

Riley.

Rislcy.

liichiiiun.

Rukl.ins.

Ro<,t.

KiJiowuy.

Sbull.

Scull.

Smilli.

Sifflgrfaves.

T»ylor.

TorluD.

TiMw.>rtli.

Tilfuimy.

Yernun.

Uliligd.

Yarrow.

Vnnllry.

Woolumii.

Wateia.

WmixI.

Wbito.

The following will be found interesting as sbov/ing
who were the male adult citizens of Pilesgrove thirty-
six vears ago:

*• NantM of Tot»'n nt an election IicM in Iho ti-wnsliip ol
in lli<? c.uul.v of S«Kiii, on the ad day of .Vo.i-nibrr, In the i
Lopl one thousand ciglit hundred and foily-:si\', Tt a yU
gre**, Member of the Cenfral Asacnibly, Sherifi", and thre

iUsgiovc

niber of Coi
> Coroners :

■Inlin D. Smith.
L. D. L-.ve.
5lorri« EImcII.
liicliani Turner.
Willinni .^lc.Mtianc^.
I-r.iil R. CUntnu.
Samncl Ilf.idle.v.
Iti^njaniin Wright.
Jarvis I.ewifl.
Ju.'iliu.t 3I.^<!ani.
lUfni Filhian, >r.r).
Jaoief M. Reed.
G™r?e Daris.
Juhn DickiniHjn, Kiyi.
John II. I.lppincott.
UratI Hewitt.
K ,berl llewlit.
Job Kirl.y.
Joliu J. lii. krnson.
John T. Allen.
John Ilnrri.., Sir.
liavid J^M.
|j*"niuel Puugherty.

Samuel Soniortt.
.\bl> liirdMiI.
George R. Watfwju.
William Richman.
Clark Pierce.
N. II. llro«n.
.lonatlian lliky.
Smith Dare.
Charles T. Haines.
Jatnf?(> ruricuaiit.
John BiiriD
William [.. Hampton
Sliicy J'atcrHon.
^hinitirl Jifiuetro.
Georgft Pcterion.
JamcB F. Prico.
Henry H. Hewitt.
I.cu'Im .Mnlford.
Hublrnon Cnkllu.
Matthew Rli.piu-.
Joseph I/, Itj^lcy.
Charles Jordaii.
Jiiuie< R. Thoinpaon.

450

HISTORY OF SALE>! TOrXTY.

John c.y^im.

John Bacon.

Jnlili \V,.nn<-.<,Jr.

l.a AI-.

Pa^id S. Ansliii.

Isaac Al'bJit.

Jolin Uiitrlier.

i^aniuel Morri.'>.

Darid Bitnks.

I). lluk.T.

Thomas Lt|>;>incott.

John Cook.

.I<«»ph Ilo-lman.

Morri» IVak.

W.llhimM.Cawlej-.

David ni.wks.

Jinrph Ezoiore.

William 11. Mnrpliy.

Wiiilook 0. Litcbeni.

John A. Cariiiau.

\V. S. aawsoii.

Nicholiui n le«.

Kv«l Kicl.mau.

William r. Xicliolas.

Th.ini;» liollMW.

John l>. Harker.

William KiK-y.

Samuel >I. I'olM.

Tli.m.is L:ii

&iniuet Morgan.

Jw('l>h K. tiiuih.

AmlrewDixou.

SaiiiiK-1 llumi-lirr}>.

Cli.irlc» Cl.itk.

Snitiuel S.-«;:r.iTcs.

Jannsli'ii!.

Joaei'h Vri (^r.

William CoLii.

El.hraini M-.Tf.

ThuiM.u, C<'l-i.

I):iTiil n..«!iiig.

Saaincl C. .•■liatlou.

Allen Wullnco.

Thomas Siralton.

Thomns KlW4ir.l,.

iKlac Stiute.

Samuel Ilpiully, Jr.

Kiehai.1 Malloek.

K. IMvii..

Jlatk j^uU.

Kpliiaiiu S. Culrs.

William .<ltnllon,Jr

Smiih Hixilt.

William Sicklor.

Joliii P. A<l;tins.

IiaTid Hamiuhs.

iU'M KK'liDian.

Panlrl Keen.

8.1111U.-I Dlrkiii-jn.

Jacob Iljtiks.

MarliiiCaiiivy.

Jacob NcU.D.

Job niJ.;«- .y.

IlBloel Warp.

Tliouiiffi Kitut-h.

KicharU Gordon.

Slliili High.

91oiie.<t Ale.

Ji.jj|.li Ufii.n, Jr.

Benjamin AMiott.

Jnnii-9 M.ttlock.

Samuel Duell.

n.iU n 0. I'eJrick.

J. W. Itlchman.

D»vld I).i\j-.

Mich.iel Null.

E<l»a>d Clirk.

John Hewili.

Juiintlinn J^ivklntou.

JoMCph Merilnge.

Jl»»|ih RoMlmn.

Kichard llarnM.

ALrnm W'ltviniiui.

H. JIcAlli,l.r.

Ju-<'ph Uiii on.

J.dii. in: ..

J..lin CriiT.

John r. V.i.-Uu.HU.

Andrew I\-cl:.

Maluc'.a Burner.

JaliH'd .»»•?-.

Jueepli Cawley.

Nathan 1..> lor.

l«r«il Alipbgale.

Mo'Wd K^en.

JobnCr;-;iu.

A. B. Wood.

Ilarth.dojiiew Culea.

0. W. B.rfn

John 1-. P..tch.

Villiim. X<l,.M,Jr.

CUnieiil WilJills.

Kliiis Stiiej.

Joshua l.lipincolt.

Jwfnh ll.tria.

Antdw I>:cr«un.

Jowph K. Ril»r.

Joalnh Hoflold.

J«..d, C. TwU.

JoKeph Il.nier.

Willi.itn N.l*,ii, Sr.

iianuiel Cvrorlh.

Jnuimi II. WhllF.

M. l>. |iick;n»ou.

SiiiiilKl l.ir'I'inL-olI.

John J.-...

NKllimiUI r...bl.lus.

Juhu S. Vry.

SanuK-l Ma.!ara.

Sl-pbei, Jluiphy.

W'illi.ini lliirmer.

Allen .Moorv.

Aniaxi UaiuMi'.

Jo.cid. Turner.

Joft«pli Mor^'an.

Ceor;:e Cjuls.

Jhui)*^ I..»wrie.

John Ke.p.-i-.

Jo,iah r-JX.

Kli Kill.;.

.Fiwph }l;it|.«k,Jr.

Chail. 3 Siring.

I>.iiEh H. riilcr;il(. .

Joh:uI, Crispin.

Ollvr P.li.T.

William .Miller.

Henry Car.Uuer.

Wllli..ni Criekell.

Ilonrr Kiley.

John Catney.

.^AOiiiel >l.iybew.

Samuel Carjiey.

Jit^jt^ r>;*vU.

rage Cii^.in.

.*eth Hi blon.

Cbalos lUinei,.

tliarlca .Swing.

J.j.oph Coles, Jr.

AllilrlOiSomci-s.

f7. C..le».

I'blKp H.ilnel.

Anaiih-u Kei^n.

Elwar*<HshPr.

Kamucl H. White.

Kichard Mulfoid.
SmUh T..n.!ii,.-*m.
Tlioni.^ Mullici.
I.emii. I Busier.
Will am il. Heed.
Samuel Timleim.iti.
Georire Null.
Jo<iei>h U Hunt.
John Hunt.
Ephmim Waters.
Isaiati n. Cla»>ou.
LorenroC. Keen.
J.uned Curry,
.lames McAllister.
J. .Malthlai >l..ore.
Job Frickell.
Charlen Scaley.
Jcsejih Mnll.i-k. Sr.
Kzekiel lo..,-, Sr.
John I'owner.
J.jhn Winsot.
James Abl>ott.
U. Whilakcr.
John Kox.
John Uiley.
James Ranks.
Jo-si! Winsoi.
Samuel Hilimaii.
James S:.ye.-,.

Adam M..

■iir.

David Paulin.
Heeves S. S. Dyer.
Jotcnh HttorKou.
K. Dickinson,
ttiikley Kdwnrdi).
Juu'i'h L. Durll.
Eobcrl Hewitt, Jr.
Samuel 04irton.
William Lippincott.
Williatil SanforJ.
Samuel Wilde.
William Morrli.
Tlavid C. Pancrent.
Joseph J. Itouc.
Levi Kldrid^e.
Samuel Krni '^t.
Jrtm>>8 W. WieM.
Henry W lley.
rh.irles .VeAllliler.
Sannul While (2d).
Xathanfel S rranre.
Jor<eph HiiiMphreyp.
Thomai McAMUIcr.
John D. Price.
iMn.- Hurf.
David Aplbjrtte.
Isaiali W. Uicbman.
nartholotnew Ode.
Aaron IMwerd*.
Chrilkby Cdej.
JlllK.n MatK'.n.
liolcrl Jlotint.
John T);.re.
.r.Mah r.iijlc.
Jamca Tufrey.
.lacobTayL.r.
Knuch II ".fi.
Abrini I...a TfBfi:

el l.n

John Gn»llt,-.
Ueiijamiii inicfi.
P.ich ird Kirby.
Ciiarlea I.'.u.leii.lngr
Jacob If Divij.
Tb'.lnn. Uend.
Thomaa I,, /'eteremi.

David Fries.
i:ii»haCon..ver.
J. -eph IV ArMSIroUK.
K.hvard H..iii-s.
.lohn n.fg.
S.imuel M..ore.
Silas D. Ti;.ker.
S. !t(. Lippiucotl.
S. II. Biadway.
Charles Costill.
James Brooks.
Kdword P.u:,o.ist.
Jlaltbew M.'rrison.
A. C. llicbm ui.
Ilenjannn Vincent.
lliiKbGrini.-1-.avv.
Jlatihiii^ K. Miller.
Charles Baker.
WillarJ Jones.
Thomas Me Al lister, Jr
Jnmed Shinn.
Joseph Madam.
Andei>on S'M^raves.
John Laytoii.
Isaac Scull.
Charles Panco;isl.
Jacob Kci'per.
.luhn L. Johnson.
G-orge Clark.
Ainos Busby.
Aaioii I.iiallen.
Klijah Iluruer.
Jehu Allen.
John Oplen.
Joseldi En^'Ie.
Clement Pudgeth.
Ben Moru-an.
S. V. Lip|.|uo..tt.
Wllll-in Pai.coast.
Coll Bates.
Willi.iiii Hatker.

Michael ACcn.
William P.iiker.
Tliom|-i'..a r.. Allen.
Ahner I.aCroy.
T^lias Malt-ju.
John Hubs.
Charles Cailhoppor.
Wlllinm Aurliu.
Isaac White.
Michael Jenkins.
E. K.OjIe.
Itlchard Gosling.
Samuel Uo.se.
William ftjttOD.
Isaac Klilrrad.
James Robins.
Iifaac Richmaii.
Thoni.as Keen.
Joshua Lipplnci'tt.
Samuel Plnmiuer.
Thomas Ale.
Joseiih Coles, Sr.
Norton >lo.-.re.
Challes Kiil.y.
.John ".V. Clark.
Wiiliam G. Lacy.
Mattb.w KIwell.
Isaac Bai:in;?er,
Jerembib Siyres.
S. P. Paul.
Tln.mui Haines.
I;iishB WaM.ice.
Isaac Jani'9.
J.ames H. llerilage.
>OTh t'n.,n.
Jo'iah sl.ate.

TOWNSHIP OF I'lI.KSGROVE.

•151

J;ic«l. Hunt. M.D.

>:.!«

! IS. Kl ight.

Williiim H!.i.-k.
Pini.l AJ.nia.
Slophi-n Jess.
ClKirlM GrfoR.
WMimu \v. Rfdrow.
AiitlionyR.oTes.
l^:iij»n:iTi Stliis<M-.
•Mill r.i.it-n.
S.imii<?l .^y.•ns.

iiipl Wl.ii, .
:li.'l llr.^.ks.

Jott'ph Kv->vi-.^

Tliol

illr.

RciiWn Miriul.
Willhini I't-toivu
YM-n RooTcs.
David LJ^riinl^.

l?..'-i.-0. Epliniini #. Cv!<s.
Is.'-OO. Jillu.sC. f;incv..u-I.
1«C.i^-6t. i;..b. It r. Ituliiipoc
ISfll-Gl. Sami:el Hurton.
],-r..'. Joliii Hunt.
ISiVl, ISOC. ftirclny Edwnnls,
ISixi. Tanl Jaquullc.

I,-.-.. .Ii.nios >!. < ;i;ri-avi..
1>. '.-as. J..llii II l.i|.i.uic,.lt.
I^jT-TO. niclilimii CoUs.
lttV.I-:3. Sniiiii.'l M. I.ipiuDCott.
l!!T4-¥0. Urr.iliii J Stow.
; IS<1-S2. ni..rl«s B.U'.imphios.

SI.i;

I Sin

l;n..s liiivU.

Polvr Coiiovfr. Jost-i'li I. Cliirk

i Willinu M. KarDost. Aliilrow Tliu:u|uun.

I Jut'i'li Il.irkcr. Janes Ililes.

j nicl.iinl \imoD. \t°illi;<ni Dall.

I Cooper Ki«hf r. Gideon I-npfrj-.

I CI:ir.nco 1). Jfnjhew. K. It. llilll.ck. •

Williiim llnt-lway. Jo^'^pli U Kiclimitu.

AlUil V.iiiiuo!cr. John M.-^AItionci.

.liK..l> ll.vveo. Beujaiuin Khii.

Kl.mi Ililclm.T. S^tnind llallingrr.

Jaiufj U'uuliiMD. J.itursR'it/iiuoii.

} 0;ikfyrd Niton. K.-bcrt I'. Kobinion.

AkiIii-I Uorson. Hfiiry Klscr.

Itirlmnl l.i.r. IleJ;o .<ini>.

Thim w R. A.laioj. Mn«k. II Ko. J.

E.l»iii Rov.il. J..l..h l!al!iiiger.

iJ<.!inCi«lcv. A. \V. VociJ.

.luinrs T. Crrnilds. Willl.ini P. diiok.

Tliumaj Tarlvr.Jr. J.C. WintliCfl.y.

Joseph Dar<- Brnjniiiln Klvell.

(John Wuolnmn. W'illinm Kngtisli.

Jiwpli T. C. Wi. Francit lUnion.

Juliieii l>Avl0. E. I. Bpiinctl.

, Samuel I'Icktufton. Kewcuiiib r.ti»ioI«.

William >loor<i. Samuel .lulinwo, ?r.

Pi'nils Iftetiiuu. Josipll 11. Milrs.

?;iJl til sini!.!iii. \Villl;.ni R:.mlo.

Joliii .SlanU-up DuvM Cntn-y.

?aniu.'l I'aiic.'Ml. Williiini Whi!,-, Jr.

i liiuiilu.- >1. tri'. Albilt MullfuU.

> Isr.ivl Kirkl.riJr. I', p. Park.

f "Tin- p.llcli.TKsl precffely at T o'olock I'.M., and the wImU number of

j toie? p..ll«l ii lour liuiidnyl and t!iiriy-«ij;lit i"tt«.

I (Signed) •• Jonathan CAWtf.r, Jii(/j;e.

"Thomas LlfP!Ni*'iTT.
"John Wo-'Im.^n.

"Alleal : jAMrj) T. GsiMIM, Clrrk.

"Ofllic al^ivo list iif rolcn ono liundrcJ and i.inply-»lT are now

( Organization. — Pilc.'=grove was one of tlie original
l|■«^vn^ll:ps of Sali-iii County, and wa-i namtHl, as be-
fore fstated. in lionor of- Thomas Pile (or Pyle). Its
aroa was early greatly reciiiccd by the organization of
I'itlsgrove from its tiTiitory.

Civil List. — Owing to tlie ab*fncc of early records
ilie ]ii^t<iri:iii is not able to compile a civil li-;t of this
luwnsliip for years |irevioiis to IS-IS. The following
Is a"; C(>ni[j|ete as it lia.'s been found j)os<ibleto make
'I since the ye;ir mentioned:

CLLKKS.
l'*l,18.^o.57_ij,^;, William M. 1872-75. Janice K. Kll'v.

''"w'ey. lii7i;-7.'>. Jolin W. l.ippincotl.

'■•'I. M'iln,iio .<. anwii..ri. ISSft. J. >I. (,'. lliclinian.

•■■'■S-M. Mahlun D. Dicfcinsnb. 1AS1-8Z. Oiarlet f. I'aticoMt.

ciicsKX rnnKnoiDERs.

l'<'!-.:o. W.i). r!.\w.,n. I-iVj-.M. KuMlt Kicliman.

'■l^-ii. li,.b-ri r. r:.,Wn-on. ! ]S,.').07. .lanmel Morris.
'■■'I- Ixiali I), (lavf .». )a;.5-,V.. Jmepli RetTeti.

'•■''■;. Ileni-y Ki^ktH.-vD. ' Kit. Allou Wallane.

1S50. R. C. Pedrick.
ISTiO. Joseph II:irl:er.
1S.V.1. Iiavi.lM. Uikcr.
ISoO. Isaac Shute.
1J34. Al.rahnni K. Richma
lS7l>-75. John H..|me«.
l.STO-75. Samuel lluuiplirt
l,<7cp. Asa Reeve.-".

JUSTICKS OF THr. PKACE.

, 1S74. KieharJ K. Turner.
l.-:73. Jume.i A. Kil.-y.
r. l»r.S-7C. tdniui-.d Royal.

1S79. JoiKith.-in P. Cawley.
, K<SO. John Holmes.

ISSl. HiiRhes Ori^piu.
; li>Sl. John W. Goforih.

(OMMIt^.-stOXKIiS OF APPF.AL.

IfiO. Joseph Turner.
1S!.^M;J. Edward Haines.
ISSii. Richmari IiioklnB.'u.
lS>ol-i«. 11-67,1872-73. Jonathan P.

ra» ley.
1!>ol-<i'J. William Austin.
IS.'ir—ci!*. Jo-«ph Reeve.
IK3-(V2. Thonilul R. t'olen.
ISC-M, iser., l»7o-S2. Samuel M.

LippiueotL

. 1,-72. Kol-ert He

1SG3-G-I.16C.1;

itt, Jr.
ISO-l, lfGll-70, W.l. E|

Coles.
ISti-i. Villiam R. Fre:is.
lS(;o. Powell Smilb,
ISM. John Ca-per4on.
ls.i-9-711, IR72-7). f.iniuf
l'-7:!-74. Henry Hiehnia
lS7i-7S. llandny Elwnl
l«7'.'-S-2. Thee lore Holt.

Ittu-fll. William Nelson.
ISoU. Jano-:. .M. Reed.
Il^'i2-.V.. TliouiaA L'>UK.
1»i7-6«. Geur(;« Wal'on.
Ibiv. Oenjamin Abb.>it.
ISM. John II. BninJiir.

CONSTAl.LES.

l^M-74. Charles F. Gi-ull.
! tS72. Tiionias li. Palker.

1S7.1-SI. I.-aill- Con.>vn.
1 1S75-78. Geurije W. I'.arton
, lS7y. Henry Garurier.
■ IMO. Charles Avu.

ISCI. William n. r<>ultlni-lioiisc.

TOWNSHIP

18:0. Joseph Barnes.
1.-5 '. Jame- Woolman.
1S-.0-51. Joseph Marker.
l>-.cv:.I. Henry RIchman.
1S.-.IJ-5I. William Snndford.
l-;.l-.V>. James I.a«rie.
l^^I. J< hn R. LIppimott.
ls.-,-2-.V,. Jonathan Cawley.
IK.'>i. Michael Null.
lcj'2-ofi. Wiiliflm S. CIrtWAon.
l^M-^>i. KphiaimS.Coli-s.
Uoi. A. Uillman.
18.>1-.M. Alward W. Hlllman.
It.'.C. Charlee Cailhopper.
lS.-i;-iS, 1!-M. Chailes Clark.
If-li-^M. William Au.<lin.
Ifc.-.r,. Edward B. Hi-.n.phreys.
1 4^7-M. David ColAon.
1? 57-60. Joseph K. Rlk-y.
l-:-n-i;o, li-Tf--:;. R. Hewitt, Jr.
l-5;i,l?M. Ell Klil-y.
1850. William Jl. Cawley.
litil-«2 .Km-n Strung.
1>-Vj. Oliver Riley.
1SCI-C2. John W. PlekluBon.
lhr,l-07,lSW-75. Wni. Coles, Jr.
ISW. David 31. DavU .
Ur/i. Tlionir.8 U. Coles.
ISi-i.t-CI. Josiah M. Ilomphrcys.
]*i;2-K'., 1S65. Wriliam Hewitt.

IS-I. Chailes n. P.oUnsun.

COllMITTEi:.

l.«C2. Vr. Odes.

l-r,;i-CJ. I), c. Pan.-..a=t.

l-Vi, 18CI, llii;-'. Th.-s. Lfppincotl.

lSr-4. Charles II. Po-bilison.

l-PI-GU. James P. I.aw«on.

Is'M, 1807-7-1. Ija.wfcull.

18i>')-i;S. A«a i;eev.-s.

l5G0-«". Davirl M. Baker.

im. Iirael A. Il-witt.
i lSi;7. Isaac JUAIIMer.

UGS. William Mooic.
I UOS. Ira ltcev.3.
! 1808, 1876-82. Samuel Bortou.
• li6<. Lewis K. Van Hyst.
' UG'J-72, I874-7.J. James Ahlioll.

l-i'tt. Amos Buzly.

l-r'.i. Gidetiu Eayiou.

U7u. Em s Davis.

157U. Charles U. Springer.

l»7I-7;'.. LippIi,--ott Coles.

].-71-7a. Slac.v K. Deacon.

1S71-7.1. Cliarles P. Swing.

1S73. Richard Kirby.

1'-:t1-77. TheD-lore Helton.

1-75. William Cl.'rk.

lt.70-7S. Willi.im Cok-B.
{ l67»-78. Isaac J. lli'-hwan.
; l»7f^S0 Charles E.Uumplireys.

l-Sl-82. Charles Eiciimau.

JUDGES OF EI.ECnoN.

li-51-53, leo.VOi, li. C. Pe.lrick. K-75-S2. Willii.iu l.'.IIe

!.>5-(. Peter lleckett. 1*77-83. llai-.lav IMwu
Ic«4-«n, ISSf-?!. Isaac Setill.

452

lllJTDUY or ^ALK.M COUNTi'.

is;*. J.

ISlSl-Ci

lS.>3-.Vi,
18.-.7, IS.-

.•:ii;vEV"i:> OK iii.;ii\v.\\.~.

. n. l-,rK. 1>.;.>-C.1. .-•.:..■: -I S.lV.n.

'. Wiiii.r.i M. fanUv. IvT-:.'. I;.: .ii H.»i;i. Jr.

M..rr .Teak. !>■: • >- J'l'" "■ ^V.ii.•ciIl.*.

..-1.!, l:«Te. l-7c-s:. IIi:-l.-««ti«i.i:i.

COI.LF.CTOr.S.
.I.a Whitf . , l«s;t-.-.l. ilii'l.s G. D;ckiii-.>i

, \i:-i-:-. Mal.l-o I'. I'lck- 1- >-7f. J-'-'it V.'Tfu.

1<TI-T.l. I-.i.f Mc\r.i.>i.
. J.1UI.1 M. !:.•>.). I.-Tl-TT. c;-,.,;I-. D. C.l.-s.

,l?i.5-i.T. J^lm W'.Oofcrlli. UTS-*'". J.!.'i II. Tursfl.
. Jvlin Covt. lJ.-l-.-J. O.vrjo H. C.tiei.

ASiKSSOr.i.

K^Wrt V;.!,nfiajn. K-O-i 0. I- ;<, I-t:-;*. MMiI,.

li'>S. TlioiiiM Lonj. Dickln!-u.

.». lli'hraini S. CoUs. UO^^Tl. E :>v irJ S. l>avi...

Smith Ilcwilt. lST9-itf. J.iuirs S. Fnulci.

lSSl-*i. J. M.C. l:icUni;in.

Towssirii- siPLr.iNTi;si'i:sTs.

lS.W-55. Jaiii-« I-iwri.-. 1500. DjUJ .M D*vi».

lSiD-.^0. Jv-ei-l. K. r.ih-y. ISC2-67. J.-imr* \V.>oIninn.

Public Schools.— The educational history of PiU-s-
grovc datci back to iic;irl_v the timo ol" it.- sicT'.lcnient.
School-; of a priniilive kiiul were c-luhli-hcil l>y the
pioneer- soon after tlieir arrival. They were lancht
in log hou-es, sometimes in re-i<lcncc-:, by the old-
.'..-'.lioiicJ ifi'.iorant ;• ■ 1:'T'"i;r<v^-, fii'' it" rhi-y were not
as tliorongii and as ?y.*lematic a-' the -chools of today,
they were of a character well cakulated to sow tiic
seeds of educational i.rogres.-, which have since borne
itbundant frnitaj:e.

The " pay-school" system v.-.u early introduced as a
means of treneral ediicaiion, and in time, through the
fo«tcrii!j: iiiHiience of the icliool law of the .•?tate, the
public school sy-tem of the pre-cnt day developed
itself, liislricts were formed from time to time, each
under the care of competent and duly-elected coni-
milleemcn, who in lime gave place to the township
superintendent, an oUice now some years extinct.

The districts now nuinhcr ^cven. kn.iwn and num-
bered a- follows: -J-l. Laurel Hill; -■'>, S^liarplown ;
2C, Woo'.l-town; JT. EMrid-o %• Hill; -JS. I'riend-liip ;
2'J, Union Grove; GO. Mor^'an.

Industrial.— The -oil of riles'.TOve is of the first
quality, and i^ cultivated by as pro-re.-?ive and intel-
ligeut a clx-s of farmers a.s are to be found iu any
section of New Jersey. Tiii.s town-liip was early
noted for its productiveness in wheat, corn, oats, flax-
seed, hay. and pi.latoes. All kinds cjf farm and gar-
den produce are rai-ed, and meet with reaily and
rcinuuor.-.live sale in the markets of ?^outh .fer-ey and
Philadelpiiia.

Lumbering' was an early indu-try, and several la-v-
mills were built in varioUi parts of the township.
One of fhx: earliest of these na.s that of Moses Rich-
man, at Itichinanville, which was burned aliout si.\iy
years aro.

About IS^n a fullinir-mill was built at Ilichman-
ville by Moses llichman. It was eoiiverlcd into a
fo'indry about l<>'\ hvvin-.^ bciti idle for about ten
years pr»-viou-ly. and the property having been -o'.d

to Iredell r.utcbcr. The fuuufry w,iU into di-.i
about twelve yoar- asro.

Abraham and Jidin llic'.imaii buill a .L-rist-mi'.l
l.S3o, which is kuiiwn a- -the Hichman .Mills.' |.
is located near Itiehmanville, and ^^^>wllell by .\l,r,
ham Kichman, who lias Ion- I. .ised it to dilUr. ■■
parties, anion^ ti.em Francis Di.iment, Isaac II.. _
mcnt, and Jonathan Webster. Tlic lailcr has op.,'. •
ated it durinp: the jiast six years. |

Dickiii-on"s ndlls, built by Ur. Tliomas P. Dick::,-
son in lS-32, and first run by Ephraim Cole, who li...,
been in posscs-icm since that tinje. e.xcept durin;:: :■- •
years, in the course of which it was at dilferent uu.--
in the occujiancy of \Villiani Filer. Ilarzillai Sii.ii;.,
and Albert Mounce. Iu 1S73, Mr. Cole admitte.i ;.
son to a partner-hill in the enterprise, and since t!;;.:
date the mill has been run by Ephraim Colo i>c ;;.■•.
It is now owned by Joanna Dickinson, widow ••[' •.'..
hite Dr. Thomas P. Dickin.-on. P.y the side of tli^
mill I'urmerly -tood a sawmill, which was built h.i..-
previously to the erection of the ^'rist-mill, and w:.-
Taken down nearly thirty years a;TO. On the s;;!;:..>
site was formerly a mill known as Davenport's mil;.

in honor of an owuer of long ago. .Vsa Antrum ai.i
Samuel Dickinson later owned it. until the jnoper;;-

passed into the hand^j of the hue Dr. Thomas P. PicV-

ioson.
The Oiipliant mill, at Sharptown, was built by I'r.
■ Sharp in 1547, and was first run by Smith ITowiiV

Tliomas Sparks, Uichard Sutton, and Parvin Lh^y ;

succcs-ivelv had possession until \302, when Saniiu;

(Jliphaiit a— uuied control. In 1S72 his son, Aar. ::

M. t:iliphant, became a partner in ll-.c bu,ine-=, wliicit

ha-s since been conducted by S. A" A. M. Oliphanl.
A foundry was early established at Eldrcdge's \\'.'-
. by Edward Hants, who was succeeded by hi- -•-.

Thomas Hanc-. Duiiiig the ju^t twenty-five yeu"-

the businc.-s has been conducted by John Haiie-.

another ton of its founder. Agricultural and tid.'.

machinery are niaiiufictured here, and some engine-
have been made.

A number of sloops t'or carrying cordwoud wer-.-

built at Sharptown between ISI-J and 1S30. Mir!

was discovered in the town-hip about Woodi'-ov.-.

and cl-ewhere and used as a fertilizer as e:irly a- I--"-

VILLAGES AND IIAMLLTS.

The Borough of Woodstown.— Wool-town b-r-
oucrh is plea-antly located near the head- waters •:
Salcm Creek, nine miles fpim Salem, aboat tweaty-
five miles from Phila.lel[diia, and filty-five mile- :ri-::>
Trenton, and Iia- only recently been scparateil I'r-'-.
Pile-grove. Arou:id about it lies the ricUe-t agri'U:-
tural .-eclion of S.ilein Coui:ty. It- bu-inc--' i- ••■'-'•
and is drawn. ino^tly from the upper portion or.-a!'.:-
and the lower .-ection of Glouce.-ter Couiiiic-. .'nd i-
chielly limited to meic.intilc trade. Vcv- town- .'f
more invitiii.'ly biill. thr iv-ib'tic:- bi:ing, a> a r.i.-.
attractive, an i many of them -urroumi.d uy I'tA'

TOWNSHIP 'W i'n>i:sGKOvi:.

45^i

Inwus. DuriiijT ilie p:»#t few years this place has been
bruuglit into cori-iiderable prominence tlironirh liic
excellent and interesting fairs held there l\v the
"West Jersey Agricultural and Horticultural As-^n-
ciaiion of the Counties of Salem and Gloucester.
>'. J.," during the continuance of which the town is
a scene of much hustle, activity, and animation.

There stood until recently a large tree in the vicinity
of the llick.-ite Friends' mectini^-hcuise, around which,
tradition says, the Uritisb soldiers slacked their arms
while pausing in iheir passage through the village
on one memorable day of the Revolutionary period.
This spot is pointed out a< one of considerable his-
torical interest.

The village is quite ancient, and derived its name
iVom .lackanias Wood, an early settler, who built the
three-story brick house, now stamling and in good
condition, owned and occupied by William II. Reed.
<.)tlitT early settlers were David Davis, Zacchcus Ray,
Bateman Lloyd, Gen. Isaiah Sliinn, James Risley,
and John Pym.

The fcdiowing notice of Woodslov,-n appeared in
"Gordon's Gazetteer," 1S34:

" Wovyljtowii, |>..|., ilnil village, of l'ilo«groro t-jliip, Salem Co., upon
llif S.ilcin L'ri-ck, 10 mil-< K. of the town nr SaK-m, ICl N. E. from W. C,
tiu'l 55 S. of Trvnlon. Thp tovca coultiini iiNiiit loOdwelliuK-^, 2 lartTDS,
anctG>lalv8,3schu'>lK, 1 Flitinils' Diceliii;.! l!.'>|<liM,anil 1 .Vfriciin Mt-lh-
o<li>t fhurcli. In Ui« i.figlil,i)rli'>"l of Ihi- town Ukti! 'iro « oic TaluaMo
tunrl-bcilt, and II. c ii-f of marl haa much iiii|iri>voi1 tliu Kgrl.ulliiri- of llio
t^hip."

Manufactures. — A flour-mill was early built by
Jolin "irotf, and it is still standing, owned and
operated by Charles U. Clark. .\ few years after the
building of this mill, .\braiiam Mc.Mtioner erected
a woolen-mill on Chc->fnul Run, near Lippincott
Wcatherby & t?o.'s lumber-yard. .Vbout 1830, shortly
after the death of Mr. Mc.Mtioner, it was removed
and converted into a dwelling, which is yet in good
repair. Traces of the old dam across the run are still
to be seen. The abandonment of this enlerpri-e was
due to the failure of the stream to supply ader|uale
water-power.

Alexander Di^an, v<ho was a resident of Woods-
town about ninety years ago, manufactured nails by
hand ill a ?hop on Main i?tiect, on the site of a liou-io
owned by Mrs. Allen Hires, ami standing nearly
opposite the residence of his son, Samuel .S. Dean.

.Seventy years ago George IIoMinshe.vl had a watch-
maker's >hop on Main Street, where Issac Uallinger
now lives. About the same time a tannery stood on
the Samuel C. ]')icl;iiison lot. It was for tfiany years
the property of Sainucl Dickinson, by whom it was
torn down. A man named Wallace is .said to have
been a former owner. Jonathan Riley had a black-
-i:iitli-sliop on >[ain Street, on tlie lot now owned by
I'r. Ja'pielt, who lives in the residence, since remod-
eled, formerly occupied by Mr. Riley. During the
active years of his life he carried on an exten.^ive
hu^inc^s, often employing several helpers yiid appren-
'iees. A wlieelwriglit-shop wai kept sixty years ago

near the site of the residence nf Mrs. Flilcralt,
almost opposite Riley's shop, by .\ntliony Water-,
who followed his trade there many years.

As early as ISlti there w.is a wheelwright-shop on

the site of the house of Dcauius Peterson, on Main

Street. It was occupied by Francis Cassidy until liis

death, about ten years later.

, Samuel Soiiiers was jirobably the earliest regular

' cabinot-maker in tb.e village, and for m:iiiy years

occupied a shop near the junction of Marlioii and

Main Streets. After the death of Cassidy, tlic

; wagon-maker, about lS2i'i, he occupied the sho]i

■ where he had formerly carried on business. Deanius
' retersoii became his partner in l?o7, and succeeded
' him in busim-'s in 1S30, continuing until IS'iC.

About 1S50, Francis Armstrong openeil a shop on

the Salem road (now Commerce Street), near Main

Street, and continued business there until the cslab-

I lishmeiit burned, a few years later. Henry N. Mul-

' ford was a later cabinet-maker, from about ISOO to

i 1S73, part of the time occupying a building now the

residence of C S. Scott, on Main Street. He was

i succeeded by John Turner, who has since been iu

' the business, his shop being on Main Street.

The well-known foundry of Edward Hane-^ was

■ established by its present proprietor about eight yore
'■ .since. It is well located and liberally patronized.
I and does a general foundry business. Mr. Hancs is
I a man of great ingenuity and fine mechanical ac-
i quirements, and his inventive mind has conceived a

number of curious and useful contrivances wlii<-h
have excited the wonder and ailmiration of iiersons

' who have seen them.

Wood.-.lown contain? two eannerie-. Tiie older of
tliese, that of Grier .t Wallace, w.is established in

' 1?S1, and has so far done a large and successful biisi-

' ness. The second was opened in 1S.S2, by Dickinson
k Lip[iincott, and has begun what promise-^ to be a
career of success.
Merchants. — The earliest merchants were David

j D.%vi« and Gen. Isaiah Sliinn. Jidin Pyne and

I James Risley also had early stores. Davis' store

' was in the western part of tiie village. Gen. Shinn
kept a store on Main Street, in a building now

I owned by Mi-s Kmeline Sliiun, continuing in trade
until his death. The store was la'.cr leased by Jacob

I Madara, Israel Reed, and David Bacon. James Kis-
ley's store was at the junction, of Salem and RuUilt

i Streets, near the j)re.sent store of James D. Lawson.

i After his death he was succeeded by his son, Jo.-eph
L. Risley, who kept the store until his death, when
it passed into the pos-ession ofJo-icph K. Riley, who
tore down the building and erected a new om; on its

' site, and at the fame time other contiguous ones oc-

' cupicd by several of the leading merchants of Woods-
town in iheir several lines of trade. On the site of
the lliiMl R'.ock Joshua Madara kei-t a general store,

' and was succeeded by Joscpti Heritage and others.

1 ]>ater the e-tablisbmcnt was convened into .1 liard-

454

IIlSTOi;V OF ^ALi:.M COUNTY,

w;ire-.-tr>ri' by .Iulm ;iii'l Cli:irK-> Dii'kiii-oii, wlio >'ilil
out to Joliii limit. Ill IS '.'.' till" Imi'.ciiiij- w:i* liurii.l.
Ill its |>l:ii-e Mr. Hunt iiiinu'<li:i(<'ly Imili tlio l:ir_-.-
liritk liloi-k wiiicli li:\s siiioe b.irne liU name, :i pur-
tio:i of wliicli lie rontc'il. occupyiii;; tin' fornor .-itori.'
with a laiiTC stoek of iiarvUvarc. lie <li<.il in 1 j7'.>, anJ
since 1SS'> the store lias iioen oi-oiipii'ii liy l,ip|iini-..tt
& I'aiici.a-t. Tlie first ocoiiiiauts of tlie 'itlier >t.>re in
tliis Ir.iiliiinc: wore IVter.-on vi II'iKin^lioaJ, wiio were
succeeded by I,i|>]iinciitt iV: llollii-.-head. Fifty or
sixty year- ago tliere was a Viiiali store wlure Natlia'n
Tlionia"' general store now is, wbieli was kept by a
Mrs. Wliite. Oilier merchants of the pa.-t and pres-
ent may be named as follows: Jacob Davis. Tii^inias
Davis, David M. Davis, James Lawrie. Hopkins »t
Clement, David liaC'.ii, Ji^liii li.icon. Jacob L'rion.
Tborn A: Moore, and Orier it Wallace. The )>ri?int
druggists are Messrs. Foster and Borlou A: Andrews.
The last-mentifined firm sii'.eceded i.^Jiiar 15 jrion. The
shoe trade is reprcscnte/l by Joseph K. Iliiey. lidward
Davis, and Thomas llufl".

Public-Houses. — Th'.-oIde<t public-he 'U-e in Woods-
town for a Inn;.: time wa* the Wasliinzton lintel. It
had many owners and occupant* durii;g the many
Vfir-: of it' e\-i-fi-nci-. one of tiif titer of whom w.n<
Joseph G. Froncii, who sold it to C. C. Foni in IS'JS.
Mr. Ford kept it until I'^Sl.and in l!ic spring of tliat
year converted i: into three stores.

A public-house, kiioivu a.s tlic Farii:crs' and Drovers'
Hotel, lonz stood opjiosite the Wasliiii^ion Hon-c.
In the summer of ISOS it ^mvc [■lace to the l:otcl at
present owned and kept by j^aniuel Freuch. wliicli
was biiik by Jacob I!. Keeiey, and kept by him
about five years. lie was siiececded by F. ii. IZIkin-
ton & Brother, an^l tli-.-y by F. Vi. Elkiiiton, hIio was
succeeded by Samuel French, the present owner.

Stage-Lines. — Hailro-ids. — Tiiis was a prominent
stop;iiii;r-)'hioo tbr the >t:!jres between S.ileiii and
I'hila lelphin. .Vbout H-lJ, Joscpli Cook est.itjli-lied
aslace-lino ffcn Woo l-l'ovn to IVnn'-Grove.coniKct-
ing at the latter place witii tlie boau plying between
Salem and Philadelphia. About the same time a
stage-line was c>tabli-!icJ between Greciiwicli. Cuin-
berlaiKl Co.,nnd I'iiiliidelphia, ihrouirli Woodstoivn.
Henry Graham was the owner. Tiie sta;_'es made
two trip-; weekly. About ISi'.i, Jackson Briaiit es-
tablished a d.iily line of stM-.-es between Wood-town
and riiiladel]dii;i, leaving Wool-town in the morn-
ing, :;nd returning in the evening. Since tlie opening
of the .Salcni Itailroad stages were run in connection
witii the tiain-i at Yorktown .Station, three miles dis-
tant. W. B. Kitchner was proprietor of this line.
After the opening of the railpiad from Woodbury to
Swc'iesboro a daily lineof stages was run from Woods-
town to Swe-le.->boro. sLx miles di-tant.

The coniph-tion of tl;e railroad from Swe-lfboro
through \Voodstoivn to .Salem li;'.i [.laced Wood-toun
in direct railway eonimanication with I'liiiadclpliia
and pointt beyond, an advantage it should have had

twenty years ago, and it will doubtless add nm.;. ; .
the growth, prosperity, and wealth of the p!ai c. -.v.;
bring into market for building purp..-e-i llio avail.;^;.
!a:;d adjacent to the j>re-eiit built-up p.irlions.

Educational. — I'lic 'lUil.lic school-; of \Vo(Ki-:.>'i:-
are eUewiiere rcfcrrc'l to. The place l!a< two | ri'...-.
educational enterpri-es which are wortliy of espwl.i;
mention. One of these, the Wood^town Acadoii.y. ..
b.)arding- and ilay--cliool for both sc.xcs, is under :':...
care of A. C. Morris, A.M., one of the best cducMt-r-
iii the State, and has a wi.le reputation. During ti. :
summer vacations ^rol'es.^or Xorris usually prepar.-
a large cla^s tor teaching. The other is the priv;.>
school of William II. Keed, who has been long ..n i .
succcs-fuUy engaged in teaching, and is the preren;
mayor of t!ie borough.

Incorporation. — In 1S7S petitions were circulatel
and a private bill presented to the Stale Legi-'la;.;:-.- •
to incorporate the village of Woodstown as a boro'.i-,-!:.
Tills bill failed to pass on account of a decision oft!;.
Supreme Court, pronounced that winter, to the e.:»:^:
that under the anicn'lnuiits to tlie Constitulion >i ei.; 1
legislation of that nature was uncon-titutional. li ; .
bill was revi^ed so as to be general in its features. ai.J "i
in that shape was i)assed by the I,i gishuurc, ami ap- -
pn.vcd by the Governor, April ■'>, IsTs. An e!cci:-T ;
under the provi-ions of the act was held in Se]>;tiii-
bcr, 187S, and the people voted agr.iint incorpoiaiio!! |
l.y a majority of thirty-live, on a total vote of '.v > \
hundred and si.sty-three. The project was ab:>n-
doncd until 1*'?:2, when a petition wa< presented t'.> ■
the Board of Freeho! lers asking for the appoin!:nc:i:
of an election to determine the (lue-tion of incor;.-.r.i- .-
tion with the following bound. irics : j

"Pcsiuuing nt a w.-ilmit-irvi- on ilii- nTtli.rly .'Woof the ^v, :-: ■■-
• lid Mullica Um tarns.ike, o.;3r tlio r.inii-lii.liaC of liila «.iiiii;-.i ?.r.-
cAiii ; i!ienc« .» struii^lii ciur<e !■' tlie Lii'l,^ o»er .i uuttT-coiirs.- 1 n il ■
W\^..l.!.yMli and S»c.le»lMT.j t-:rn|iUi", mar lli-- lli.ine of Jol.u o.::.-i;
llicn.-f a •iniiu-lit ci'ii'!!- 10 the Irl l;e ur.r tlii? s imi> wulcr-cimr** «i;f.-s
il <T..>*i tlm W.)oisto«n and .\j'.'Hrii roiil, ii-.ir tli- f.irni-lii.'l'r. Ic.r
J^•^^>pil l'cl»r'-'!ri: tliiiice a .trii^ht i..iir-c t> ihc i.M WV.n i.^ioiv; unJ
SlKirj.tvwn r...nl, :.t llio c^ril'r of Willi iili KlU'.itrick'j mou!-*-. f.r-
ni.rl.v ilie Dickiiis .n niarl-Di,.iivw. uNo a cnnnr-.r Kli^abeili C. ■.■!»-
I^iNmoiiow; lli»ii«ailr.iis".t course, cro-sins SiKiii Creek ac: l'-'
slM-i.lu«n ar.l SnU'Ui rwJs. lo llie l<riils" ov.r NikouiiS t^;n..-.i:-
fu. t .f llMi.gry Hill, II- ir Jv'.u UvliiiM' ,'.irni!i ■u-'l-, on the r.v 1 i:--
W.x-l.'MM-n to .Ml .«.i} ■>!■.. va; ti.eiire astiril.:!.! coMrse to llie r.--rr-.-
lioii ..r llie W.,.vi-t.,wn aul I^jretoivn rci.4.1 »i'h tl.' r".vl fr.M f'.- «-■
fr-in'« mill lo l^■? .\1! '^iL.^^t'jv^n roaJ afores.ti'!, n^.tr the f.u-n; •!.■_:-: ■
5 ir.t!i a.id Mary II. niikii.sou ; thence a «lr.iii;hl cour.-e lo I'nt Icj.;-

The petition was signed by the following:

E.lvrard Wallace.
Josel'h K. llilej.
S.111HI.-1 n^rlou.
r.i-.iiar r.jr.on.
Gc' r^-» 51. .^'ilriiv
V.jlii.ra 1! Kitly.
Ella/ >lMi-..n.

JoV.-(,h TIIK..T.

I-iUh C. .-Iiisn.
t. S. r-fx.
]. T. To It.
Wil'.i.m 1 .«:or.
.K. K. Jlicliuian.

W. ,M. 3I.,rrisoii.
E. S. U ivij.
Jmoi.-,- n. I.awsou.
Dani-I Ware.
J. H.Turci-r.
J. i;. J, .■;i.

Wii-.i.iii, ■/.. yuw.il

A. C. V-rris.
NiilhHn Tliorne.
Johii I.. Allen,
.lohii C. S>u-t'iil.
Ihoi.i.n M.T.ijI'.r
Th /l:.al M. W hile

TdWNSUir OF riLESGROVK

455

IM%vaia !:i:<-l!l akcr.

.1. W. WiUe.
William 5. GuJ-Ttli.
WiiliHiii B. F. j^ti r.
.1. U. IVti-reon.
Jotui \Vall«ve.
S. 11. W.atlKTl.y.
nt'ort-r n. CiiiT.
.I.sepli 11. Kins;.

M'illi.im Xixuii.
LiwisB \Vri,:lit
Ura-I Conovc:.
rimrlM Uwn.
lioLcrl Rutr.
Ttaaui.i4 liutr.
B.ircl.iy K.lwiiriU.
1.. A. I>. Allen, M.n.
CharWs Suillli.

The jietitioii w;is ^'riiiilo'I, :uk1 the following was
tlic result of tlieclectiin), as ocrlilird by llie inspectors:

•'Tlic wliule numKrof uani.j on tlif rol'-l'Sl "ns -M; the nunilipr
of ballotniMslwnsl-'J; (lie niimlxjrol l>illot-i ciisl ' for in<Mrpt>ralion'
vnisl''.3;the nunili'r of ballot» casi ■.i^iin^l incurronitlun' »:i8 lO-J; tbe
numlierof tatlou rij;*»**lt'tl w:i? noue ; tljt- miv'Ttiv *for inoorpor;»ti">u'
wn ■-1."

The first oleoticii of borougli ofliccrs wa^ hel-l Oct.
u. 1SS2, with tlie following re-iilt : Mayor. William
Jl. Reed; Coiiii'Mlnieii, Isaac K. LippiiuoU, Janies
1). Lawson.Ji.'.iii II. Turner, riain Ilitchner, Eilward
.S. Davis, an-l J..s,.|.l. n. Cbl..

The First National Bank of Wootlstown.— 'flic
First National T.aiik of Wt.o.lstowii nas oii;anizc>l
Feb. 16, ISGl. lis certilK-ale of authority was granted
.Vpril 4th. and it began a re.'ular business July ^.jth
of that year, in a house oceuj'Ied by C. M. Fogg, on
SalcMi Street, continuing there until it- removal to
its new banking-house, October 2.">th following. The
original directors were Wiliiani .1. Shinii, Edward
n. Humphreys. ,I<.hn H. L'ppincott. Klijah 15. Ilor-
ncr, .rolin W. Dickinson, Samuel Iiorlon, sfaniuel II.
AV'.atberl-y, .Sar.iuel IJlack. and .Janle^ Renezut. The
tir-t (ifai 1 rs were Wiiliaiii .1. Shiiin, pii-:deiit; C.
Carroll Lippio'-oti, cashier; and Charles M. Fogg,
tc-ller.

f'ashier Lippincott died in Augu-l. ISHT, and
Charles M. Fogg, the teller of tin- bank, was chosen
his succesior, and Edward Wallace was ch.oscn teller.
I'rcsidcnt Sliinn died in February, 1S6S, and Edward
I{. IJiiMoik !UC'-eedcd him as director and lu.esident.
In March of tin- same year Edward Wallace resigned
his position as teller in order !o engage in Other busi-
ness, and William Z. Flitcraft wa^i chosen to fill the
vacancy. Charles M. Fogg continued as cashier until
January, JSTl, when he re-igued and was succeeded
ijy William 7.. Flitcraft, and Isaiah C. .Sl'.inn was
'•ho-en teller.

The present directors a'-e IMwnrd \\. HuUoek,
."^ainiiol H. Wealhcrby, Samuel 15orton. SaniUil Moore,
Samuel 8. Dean, Jesse Lippincott, Xath.irj Thorne,
Isaac K. Lippincott, and James Bener.et ; anl the
ofliccrs are Edward K. Bullock, liresideiit ; William
'/.. Flitcraft, c;;shier ; and I:iaiah C. Shinn, teller.

The capital of the bank i? >7o,0M0; the surplus is
sOO.fiOO I ;,nd the undivided profits at this date' are
>'L''>,«i.'i.G5.

Sharploun.^This is an i-ncieiit seakincnt, his-
'orii-ally known as having hail a camp established
near it by the British during the Eevoltition. John-

1 s.'pt. 29, xmi.

.son. in his little "History of Salem," states that the
Britisli iroo])s, eonsisting of I'roin twelve huiidre<l to
til'teen liundrc*! men, encamped there on tb.e night of
March 10, 177S. It derived its name from the Sharp
family, elsewhere mentioned, who located in tiie
vicinity during the pioneer period of the lii-tory o!'
the county.

Who the very first business men in Sliarptown were
is now unknown to any one. Doubtless various small
enterprises of coinmeree or industry were established
there from one hundred to one hundred and fifty
years ago. Sixty years ago I'eter Bilderbaek kept a
store on the site of the store of Messrs. Wrigciiis it
Brocker. .Vbout fifty years ago he was sncceedod by
Xoah and John liumphreys. Four or live years later
they save place to William and James Hunt. Later
Isaiah W. llichiiian and Edward B. Humphreys oc-
cupied the old building successively. The present
store-house at this stand was erected a few years ago
l>y the present proprietors, who liave a good trade
with the iVrmers around about.

Charles Elkinton built tlic store now occupied by
' Elton Bogers .t Son, and leased it successively to
Henry Wood, Gideon Allen, ICllis Smith, and Henry
; M. Wright. It wa< closed by an auction sale at the
end of Wright's occupancy, and was not again opened
until purchased by Elton Rogers, about four years
a?o.

For some years before the late rebellion, Albert
.and Robert Van Meter had a >tore at the U|iper end
of the village, where Edward Kirby's market now is.
Alter trading four or five years they abandoned the
business, anil the building was converted int<' a
dwelling.

At the lower end of the village a store was kept
over forty years ago by Isaac McAliister, and later,
until linally clo.sed, by George .K. Bobbins & lleiiiv
Wood, and George A. Bobbins vt Robert P. Boi>in.soii.
About the same time a store was opened on the oppo-
site side of the street by Samuel Humidireys. lie
was succeeded by Matthias Swing and Benjamin Lip-
pincott, and later be again traded there until suc-
ceeded by Mrs. Mary Bobbins. This store was closed
thirty years or more ago.

There were, years ago, two public-houses in Sharp-
town. One of them, not now in existence, was kept
by Adam Cook, about sixty years ago. The other has
had many successive keepers, and has been oi)en, with
varying fortunes most of the time for many years. It
is not now a licensed hotel, and it is kept by George
F.lkinton.

The various mechanical trido usually represented
in similar villages have been long idied in Sliarptown
by men the names of whom have many of iliem been
forgotten. Samuel Pluinwcr was u wheelwright here
for many years. George W. Barton's name is also f.i-
miliar in connection with this branch of indii.-'.ry. X
wbeehvright well known at the prc.-ent time is Cliarlc-
Avis. Josei'h Peak, Borden Crammer, and Uaar

456

IIISTOIIV OF SAJ.EM COL'NTV.

Slroti-h Wire xvoM-roiiicVib; ro.l f>niuv Im.u k-i'.ii;Ii?.
William l!. Tumor :iiui ."^;iii)iie! Lmt arc tin.- vilbiLo
Vulcins now. Aiming -liooiu ikor*, |i:i:^t ;iiui |iri'-<riit.
may bo nuiiliiiiitJ CJonvu-c A. Kob'oiiis. Joliu i".v;o, HJ-
mund K'-yal, U'ciianl (.iordcii, lltcharil I'. Goniou,
Joliii >fi!!iT, Jiul Tlmma-: Hcv.iit. The Ii:iriif><--lioii
of Nalliaii KiiM na-< cstablishe.l in 1 S-il'.

Sliarjilvi.vn may now be reckoned amoii'j ilie nu.<t
jiroiiiiiKiit of Ihe >inaller village-; of Saleiii Couiily.
It C(lllt.Hll^ Ino general >tijre?, a liolcl, one ebureli, a
publie rc!iOi>l, a gri<Mniil, and a goodly number of
dwellings. Tlie |ir)|'u!atii)ii is about two hiii:dred and
fifty, nnd evidenees of tlirifi and pro.-periiy abfiund.

Torketown. — Yorketown is a pleasant little vil-
lage in tile southeastern part of the towii.-hip. on the
Salem llraneh of the West .ler-ey Railroad, about
three miles from Wi.odstown, and ten from Salem.
It has grown up witliin the past twenty years. Tiie
fir»l liouse of any importance ereelcd here wai the
residence of John S. Elnell. The Kind on which it
stands w.>s owned at the lime of the construction of
tlic railroad by .rohn H. Cann, who surveyed it into
village lots, and sold them as opportunity i;rtered.
The place was named in lioiior of Judge T. Jones
Yoike.

The first store in Yorketown was built by .loseph
and A'.i Heevcs, who sold out, in ISOO, to I-aac 3Ic-
Allister. Wilbert Hichnian, a since well-known mer-
chnnt, entered Mr. Mc.\lli-ter's employ as a clerk,
and wa^ later admitted to .a partnership in his busi-
ness, tuccieding him n^ s'dc owner about twelve years
ago. Tlie .-lore now own.cl and ficcupied by >[r.
Kichman was built by I.-aac McAllisti?r, who re:noved
to ii from the one he had previously purchasoi'. of the
Recvesc-.

A second, and ihe only o:lier store in Yorketown
besides Richman's, was built by John S. Ehvell, in
1877, and Ui-.s owned and managed by Iiim until the
spring of 1>S2, wiu-n lie wa.- succeoded by his son-in-
law, George W. Watson.

A hotel v.as built and opened in IS'!?, by William
S. Bouliiiighouse, who -old it to TJioinas McAllister
about ISoO. -Mr. Mc.MIi-ter kepi it a few years, and
ha.1 since leased it to Samuel Gasliug, Deujamin
Free, William Nelson, Jacob I'.eck, and Henry Van
Meter.

There v.;is formerly a black-mith- and wbceUvriL'ht-
-shop ownr 1 by J.jlni II. Cann, who is now a resident
of .VIIoway=. Roth buiMings have disappeared.

The brick and tile manul'.!ctory of Aaron llaiiu-s >f;
Sons is the most important interest, located princi-
pally just v.'ilhia the townsliip of U|>per .Viloways
Creek, near Y'orketown.

'J"he two store-, tlie l.ol'-l, and the bri^k and tile
niamifaclory intntioiitd, two =chool-liou=es, a ci:apel,
a colore! .Meth'idist Church, a post-olTn.e, a depot
and c.\prc-s- and telrgraph-oliice, and a lew scatter-
ing dwelli'i^;- make up the sum total of the village,
which ha-: a snuiil but thrilty population.

Richminvillc— Tlii- Is a hamlet about a mil-
north of Yorkeioivn, loiitaining thne or tour dwe'.'-
ing-, a store, and a black-mitli--Uop. One of tin-
Insist prominent residents is Mr. C Kirov, formerly
long extensively enga^'od in the meat tr.u!i\ now .-i
wellktuovn larmer. This place wa-^ the locality <.i
the setllemcnt of the Riclim;'.n t'amily. mentioutii
elsewhere.

The saw-mill, fulling-mill, and foundry formerly
located here are rcfcried to in the sketch of ilu-
intlu:^trics of Pilesgrove townsliip. A store wa-
opencd by Joseph llarker about thirty years ago. I',
had several subsequent occupants, and while occu-
pied by Charles M. Miller it was burned, in March.
1S7S. Among former merchants at this old ^ta^'i
were Henjaniin Dubois, Capl. William Main, and
David Ranks. The store of Moses M. Richman was
built and opened by the present proprietor in the
spring of K*rS.

There have at diUVreut times been several black-
smiths at Richmanville. The most juomiiicnl iinionL'
them was IredoU liutchcr, now living near by, hut for
a long time out of the trade. Tlie luescnt bl.ickamitli
is .\rli- C. Seagrave.

Other Settlements. — R>u-htown, Duel's Corner^,
and EhlridgeV Hill are the local names of settle-
ments in various parts of the township, which arc
scarcely entitled to cnnsiileration as hamlets. Mill-
town is the name given to the locality of the Rich-
man grist-uiill, near Richmanville. Raileytown is a
cluster of buildings east of .Salem Creek, which is
included in Wood-town borough, but v.as formerly
so called.

SOCIKTlrS .\XD ASSoCIATMXS.

Woodstown Lodge, J^o. 158. I. 0. 0. F., «a- in-
stituted Aug. 0, 1S71. The following named were tlu
charter members: Albert Walton, Alfred Moui:it.
Charle- Clark. William Taylor. F. R. Elkinton,
George Ilann, F. M. Rordcn, William H. Kirby. I.
C. .Shinn. The fi'rst otiicer- were F. M. Ronleti.
N. G. ; Charles Clark, V. G. ; I. C. Shinn, Sec;
NVilliani Taylor, Treas. Tiie successive Noble Grand-^
have been as follows: F. M. Rorden. Charles Chirk.
T. C. D.ibois, William II. Kirby. Charles D. Cole-.
I. C. Shinn, J. E. Jaijuett, and John If. Turner. In
.September, l.^Si, Israel Renner was X. G. ; J. E-
.laquctt, V. i}.; Franklin Flitcraft, Sec; and Jame-^
Abbott, Trca-=.

Eagle Lodge. No. 64. K. of P., of Sharptowu.
was in-tituted Dec. 4, 1*71, with tiie follov.ing ch:urfr
memijers and first otiieers :

Henry G.rlii.cr, C. C; i.liarl-i D. HeriLisi:, V. C. ; ll-iiry B. Kich-
n.aii. M. A.; ChKrl..--. .S. strin;r, yi. E. : .T II. Ci. !r, K. R. : Ju!l-
Wii ;-;ti', .M. r. ; L-rwif T. Vinl.i^i. P.; \Villi..!ii l>. P.a:!.!i, I'l.^r;--
P. s-.-.i.,;-. \VilIi.,ni JI. r.il.-y, J.^!,,. M. .Miil-, l:icii ir I llii! -I.iii.-.'J
J.N.rI».,ij';.iriy..'-;..,rl,-.- l>.Kcoi:,r.lc-a li ■^i-'-j.iImi !•.» t;.si..u:.;>:-
Mill l;. Ilui!,rlii-}S. J-;-|.l. -VTii, Tli.ni.t< Wri.-l.t. n-nry t . 1.
Char!... D. i: .LI.;- ..u. Kl.^./T siuitli. J.,i.n X. Mill-.r, ni -Iim i i-
C:-!-;.i:i, ai-.l Ju;. ijli r.-r/.'. Tlio priiicilJl •Mct-ri b-.rvi"s' '" "•i"
IrCi.ir, I--: J, weir J-/ijii M. Mill-, C C ; Cl.uuil i/h s. C.uuw.-. V.i'.

TOWN.-^IUP OF IMI.KSGllOVK.

457

Harmony Couucil, No. 56. 0. U. A. M.— This

.1 iity was iii>tilu'.<.d at Wou'lslowii, Jan. 11, 1871.
ho charier iiuiiibei-s were

Jvll.l lliMlclllc.

r...i--n n. AUv

uk Or

T. M. T.<vl. r.
Frc Jfrick Ilonlen
T. Giocn.
D.ivi.1 .>^lats.
I>. F. r.ra.lw.y.
JuKepli Taylor.
U. SiK'IILi.ikrr.
Clinrles A<lkiu<oii

K. .'SnMn.nkpr.

C. P. liC-VM.

M. F. E.inarUs.
J. B. CuMi.
.loliD II. TuriK-r.
Mnrk Kirl-y.
iKiac Coliover.
Jt-miiLih .<milh

The first oirieers were T. M. Taylor, C. ; D. F.
IJrailvvay, V. C; J. B. Ci>bb. It. .S. ; Jeremiah Smitli,
A. K. S.; Krerleriek Horden, F. S.; K. Siidlhaker, I.;
Juhij II. Turner, Ex.; J. Tyler. I. 1'.; T. Green, O.
v.; C. r. Iteeve.s, Treas. The ofiicers in .S<pteniber,
ls,-;2, were as follows: K. .Sibley, C. ; Benjamin
Nixon, V. C. ; T. M. White, R. Jj. ; I. B. Coles. A. R.
S.; E. Sndlbaker, F. S. ; T. M. Taylor, I. ; William
Seagrave-s Ex.; Elmer Wible, l.P. ; Josiah Daniels,
O. P.; Jweph Turner, Jr. Ex. C; Jo-ioph Taylor,
&r. Ex. C; Joseph S. Taylor, S. M. White, N. R.
D^inieU, Trustees. The fnllowins are the names of
the Biiccefsivc presiding officers:

T. M. T.yloi
n K. BrH'lH
.1. II. Turnp

.1. n. c..t.b.

J. \V. C'llns.
.10 i-pli ?. Ti
K. R. D.nif
■l.M. Wliiu
K. 8li. Jlkiki

M.r. E<l«.irl
Jweph Turue
Levi rrirkcl.
Williaui Brnw
r.li.li.i Heed
Ch.rlc, Kfpn,
Inrocl O)iiov<;
Edward Sil.lf;

Regular meetings arc held in Riley's Hall, Tuesday
tvcniiijr of oath week.

Woodstowii Lodge. No. 138. F. and A. M.— This
hidge was or'jaiiized Feb. 3, 1S74, with the lollowing
charter inembirs : A. M. P. ^'. II. I)icke.-on, Howard
Uii.-'ietl, L. A. U. Allen, James 1). Law^r.n, John H.
Peterson, Henry B. lUchman, Benjamin F. .Straughn,
Francis JI. Walker, Robert G. .Sheppard.

The following were the first officers: .\. M. 1". V.
II. Dickeson, W. M. ; Howard Bassett, .S. W. ; L. A.
D. Allen, J. W. ; Jame-s D. Law.son, Treas. ; John
II. Peterson, Sec. The names of the -iicco.-^ive pre-
>iding ofiicers are .is follows: .\. M. P. X. H. Dicke-
son, E. A. D. Alien, Howard Bassett, Charles D.
Coles, Edward Wjillaee, N. V. Lii>pincoU, Charles II.
Riehnian. In .September, 1SS2, ihc officers were
Charles H. Richman, W. M. ; Isaac C. Dubois, S. W. ;
liichiiian Coles, J. W. ; James D. Law.son, Treas.;
■loliii H. Peterson, .See.

Meeling.s are lield <.n or alter the full niooi) of each
month, and tv.o wcrks thereafter. Place of meeting,
.M.L-,nic Hall.

Mosacsa Tribe, No. 42, I. 0. R. M.— Thi.s society
".IS organized in 1.S72, with the following charter
iiiombers:

Willi.iii Bn.wu. Edward .S. I)p.vi».

Wini.iui M. W.lfr. Utlwit ICc-i-ti.

'li i:lis I,. \Vai»'M.. J'iin Crvn.

•W.u W. 0»fcrlli. J...c|ili It. Kii,?.

Jncfll. I'ri.'ti.
Cliiiili"' J. King.
J...«'|>li NirhoU.
CV.lHT.\.>t>-ll.>

.l.liii.» S. Kliglps.
ilo.r-o W;,|.^,ll.
\Villi»m Jess.
.\sa Keeve.
Natlmuiel K. Suiitlt.
i^^jrgf Ktiii^stiue.
W. I!, llitclintr.

The following w< re the fust officers: Charles I..
Watson, S.; Willi:in! M. Walters, S.S. ; Edward T.
Davis, J. ?. ; William Brown, P.; George Watson,
C. of R. ; Cooi>cr A. Money. K. of W. The follow-
ing olnoers were serving in September, l.'^S2 : William
Ferguson, S. ; William M. Walters. S. S. : Charles
Knoar, J. S. ; James .S. Engles. P. ; F.dward S. Davi-;,
C. of R. ; Samuel Broadway, K. of W.

John D. Foster Post, No. 57. G. A, R.— The post
was organized in Si-p!ember, j.'=;*l. 'I'lie following
w ere the charier members :

Jiimco .S Knplf -s.

Iirai-1 RemuT.
J.^lin [I. PcHcock.
Jaroli Mu"re.
M"»'« II. I).iiiks.
JuiLilliaii ^liull.
Jutin Npiist^al.
BoliJaiDlu Maull.
Klislia \V. llicd.

Edward B. Sililcy.
Jo5»ph Comuiitli.
Uriah Cilman.
Williaiii M. Miirrition.
ElmorOpIcii.
John Maxwell.
John F.'X.
lleury llodrien.

The following officers were serving in September,
1SS2: John Neu.-teal, C; Israel Rcnner. S. V. C. ;
Benjamin Maull, J. Y. C. ; Janips S. Engles, A. ;
Joseph Contmith, Q. ; Uri:ili Oilman, S. Meets every
Thursday evening in Temperance Hall.

Pilesgrove Library Association.— The Woods-
town Library Company was instituted March 31,
1810, and incorporated May 12, ]SU. 1 here are no
records extant which throw any light on its subse-
qnenl history for many >cars. It was in existence in
IS'il, and ils directors were Jonathan Cawley. .Samuel
Lippincotl, D. C. Pancoast, Jo<eph Barnes, Josiah
Engle, and David M. Davis, ft seems to have ceased
to be soon afterwards.

About the year 18.08, Lavinia T. Ueed, residing
near Woodstown, began to canvass the project of a
library among her acquaintances, the result of which
was that quite a number of the citizens of Woodstown
interested in such matters agreed to become members
of a library organization by i>ayment of a member-
ship fee of one dollar, and several donations of books
were made. Many of these books may now be .^eeu
upon the shelves of the library, bearing upon the fly-
leaves the names of the donors, long since gone to
rest. Some of them bear the label of the old Woods-
town Library. .Mrs. Reed also organized a course of
lessons on history, which continued fur nearly u year,
an admis<i<>n fee of live and t'.ii cents being charged;
tiie proceeds at tiie end of the course amoiinfed to
about forty-eight dollars, which sum was turned over
to the treasury of the iibrarj and expended in books
and necessary appliances.

In January, \i^C,ii^ the proje.;t h.id attained siifiicient
hold to warrant the formation of a regular society.
A constitution was prr'i>are'l by Dr. I. D. Clawson

458

HISTORY OF SALi'.M COUNTY.

and William M. Cawloy, and submitted and adopted
at a meeting held in tin- olil town ball, Jan. 7, ISdO.
at which meeting the l'olh)wing oflitci-s, etc., were
elcete-l : President, lion. William ^^. Clawson ; Vlce-
Pre>id' nt, I!ev. CMiester Hriilgman ; Secretary, Wil-
liam M. L'awley; Piirchasiiij: t'omuiittee, lion. I. D.
Clawson. David D. Hol!iu^.<licad, It-aac V. Diekinson,
Lavinia T. Heed, Elizabeth B. lliiK-limau ; and at a
subseiiiient nieetiiijr held Jan. 23. ISiUi, Daniel Ware
was a|))ioiuted librarian, and Omar IJortf^ii trea-^urer.

At the meeting last mentioned it was re|«orted that
over eighty hooks had been oolleeted. and further do-
nation> were promised, and that an inter\ iew had been
had with Smith Powen, who had willinu'ly jrranted
the use of a lot free of expense on which to erect a
library bnildinsr. Tlie lot oflered was the same that
is now occupied by the post-oQiee buildin<r. and it
was held vacant by Mr. liowen, ready for the occu-
pancy by the a.ssoeiation, for a number of years. It
was furtlier reported that seventy-live dollai-s in money
and labor had been subscribed towards the expense of
the building, and Dr. Clawson cave information that
a largo number of con^rressional works, public docii-
nienls. etc., which were obtained by him during his
service in Congres.-;, were at the di-jposal of the asso-
ciation. These books were accepted and ordered to
be removed to the shelves of the library in the town
liall, and formed the basis of the present large and
vallialde collection of public pa]>ers owned by the as-
.sociation. '

During the lollowiug winter a literary society was
formed by the ladie-s of the library association and
others, under tlic auspices of which several lectures •
were delivered by the elerj^ymen of Woodstown. The
proceeds amounted to seventeen dollars, and were
donat<'d to the library trea-ury. A proposition was
made about this time to William S. Clawson to erect a
building on the lot oflered by .Mr. Powen, taking a
lien upon it until the association shouM iie able to p;iy
the debt. To this he agreed, and arrangements to that
eflect had been partially made. The library as.socia-
tion was to collect and pay into his hands all the funds
they could obtain, he becoming responsible for the bal-
ance until the association should relieve him by pay-
ment. Put the death of J udgc Clawson. in the spring of
18CI, in connection with the exciting incidents of the
war, put an end not only to thi'. project, but to all other
edbrts in behalf of the library. In the n)ean time .
the library had been removed to a front room in the
house of Daniel Ware, who had kindly consented to
receive the same, the town hall being no longer avail-
able, and there it remained until after tln' war in care
of his daughter, Paulino .S. Ware, who acted as libra-
rian.

In ISti.j a successful attempt w.as made to revive
the long dormant interest in the library. The annual
meeting was held in LSGO, and William H. Heed was
elected president; John S. Parnes, vicc-iiresident ; and
William Cawley, secretary. The Daniel Webster •

Club, of Woodstown, made a propositinn to i,i,
their library with that oi tif Pilisgiovc A-v,,, iu;;.
a>ki!ig in exchange for their bonks a nK'iiilM'i..l,ij,
the library for each member ol' ilio cliiii. Tlic |.|,,
osiiiiin was accepted, and the lilirary increased ihi-i'
over one liundreil volumes.

Pursuant to authority granted by the assoeiiiii..:
the executive commiitec in ISOG removed the liloM:
anil furniture from Mr. Ware's house tolliesii.r. •
John II. Peterson, who was ap]>ointed librarian, at •
annual salary of fifty dollars, the books being an.,
sible at all times during business hours. At the a::-
niml meeting in lcl>7, C. C. Lippincott, Jolni .-
Parnes, and William 11. Peed, a coniniittee |.r
viously appointed, |>resonted a draft of a revised r,,-.,.
stitntion, which was adopted. The constilnlion i,.
creased the membership fee to two dollars and tr
cents, and the annual dues to fifty cents, and i.f.
vided also for life memberships on the ijaymeni ..:
ten dollars, such life memberships to be clear ol ;ii;
dues and assessments. .\t this meeting the lollowii..
oliicers were elected under the new consiiiuli'i!; :
President, William If. Peed; Vice-President, 1. N'.
Dickinson; Secretary. John S.Barnes; Director.-.!.
I). Clawson, Daniel ^\■are, Lavinia T. Peed, Sii-.i';
W. Scull, Mrs. E. 0. Hires. During this year the ;>
sociation su.stained a severe loss in the death of ('
Carroll I.ippincott, the treasurer. In ISliS the a-.
cialion was incorporated under the general law.^ ■ ;
the Slate of New Jersey, by the name of " The I'ili .-•
grove Library .Association." The following genlh ■
men Were elected trustees lor the purpose of incorp >
ration: I. D. Clawson, f. V. Dickinson, William 1!
Peed, Charles 11. Hichman, John S. Barnes.

At the annual meeting of 1S70 the conslitiition
was amended by changing the membership fee fmni
two dollars and fifty cents to three dollars, and lli-
annual dues from fifty to seventy-five cents, and ili'
number of shares of stock in the association wa-
limited to one hundred. During this year the asMi-
elation |Hircliased a small frame building, then stan!-
ing on the site now occupied by John H. TuruerV
ston; and residence, and the books were reinovi.d
lliereto. John S. Barnes was elected librarian, an I
performed the duties of the odice until l.S/'2.

At the annual meeting of 1871 the ofi'er of a .-ii'
for the library building on the lot adjoining i'-''
Priends' meeting-house w.as accepted, and it »a-
ordcred th.il the building be removed thereto as so ..i
as convenient. This proposition met with cotisiiKi-
able opposition, but was carried by a small majcHiiy.
and in the spring of 1S71 the removal v/as eM'ectci
At the anmuil meeting of 1S72, William II. Reed w.i-
elected president; I. V. Dickinson, vice-president;
Williau) II. Pancoast, secretary ; L. A. I). Allen, trea-
urer; I. D. Clawson, Daniel Ware, William '/.. VW-
crafi, George W. ttmirh, and Van K.Tindall, dinctoi-

At the first meeting of the board .Mr. liain.-s ten-
dered his resignation as librarian. Wiiliani 11. Ps"'

TOWNSHIP OF riLlvSC.UOVE.

•150

coast was elcclcil in hi.-: stead, at an annual salary of
ten dollars, ami iilled the oBioo until llii- following
March, when he resigned that oliioe toirctlier with the
secretaryship, and William Z. I'lilcraft was elected
secretary and librarian in his steail, and acted as
librarian, assisted dnring a portion of the time by his
brother, Isaiah Flitcraft, until April, JSTo, without
couipensation.

During JS72 the association was called upon to
mourn the death of Vice-President Isaac V. Dickin-
son, who had been identified with the orsani/.alion
from the beginninjr. nearly all the time scrvinp: in
some odicial capacity.

April 29, 1^75, at a meeting of ihe association, a
committee ajipoinled to fircent a revised constitution
embodied several material changes, which brouirht
the association into clo>er conformity with the laws of
the State governing library corporations. This con-
stitution w.as adopted, and it is still in force without
change. Hy it the annual meeting nosv fulls in April
in>tead of January, and at the meeting April 29,
]S7'>, the following board of trustees was elected :
Williani H. Keed, Dr. L. A. D. .Allen, William Z.
Kliicraft, O. R. MeCurdy, Hannah V. J-ord. Mrs. E.
B. llninphreys, John S. Barnes, and pursuant to the
modified constitution the trustees, at their first meet-
ing, held 3Iay 1, 1870, elected the following olficers,
who were e.c ofri'-io oDicer.-- of the association also:
President, AVilliam II. Kecd ; Secretary, William Z.
ITilcraft ; Treasurer, Dr. L. A. D. Allen. Isaiah
I'lilcraft was engaged as librarian, and served as such
for a short time. .\t the expiration of his term of
service Mrs. I. V. Dickinson fillecl the olfice gratui-
tously until June S, 1.S77. Mrs. Joanna l-'litcrafi was
chosen lis her successor, and has served conlinufmsly
to the i>rescnt.

At the meeting of the board of trustees, held .April
23, ]S77, William Z. Flitcraft resigned his po-^itlon as
trustee, and Dr. I. D. Clawson wxs elected trustee to fill
the vacancy, and John S. Barnes, .secretary, until the
annual meeting, which was held April 2oth in the
public school room. At this meeting William H.
Pvecd, Daniel Ware, Kdward Wallace, O. li. McCurdy,
L. \. D. Allen, John S. fiarn&s, and J. E. Ja-juette
were elected trustees, and the boanl organized by
electing Messrs. IJeed, IJarnes, and Allen as jircsi-
dcnt, secretary, and treasurer respectively.

At the annual ineeting in ISiu, William \\. Heed,
Daniel Ware, Edward Wallace, 0. 15. McCurdy, Isaac
K. Lippincott, J. E. Jaf)uette, and E. S. Fogg were
elected trustees, and the board organized by electing
Keed, president; Fogg, secretary; and Ja<|uctte,
•treasurer. .\ committee of five was a|>pointed at
this annual meeting to devise ways and means for
'he purchase of a suitable lot and erection of a build-
ing, all progress on the part of the library being ap-
p'lrently blocked for the want of accommodations,
the miscellaneous books now numbering nearly eight
hundred, and the congressional works between eleven

hundred and twelve hundred volumes. It \va« re-
solved in December to extend the privileges of tlie
library to persons not members of the association by
granting permits ti> take books at a weekly fee of livi-
cents per volume, such permits to be issued by any
trustee to whom application might be made. The
plan was found to work well. At the annual meeting
of ISSl the committee on lot and building reported
no progress, and were discharged, and the matter of
additional accommodations for the lilirary was re-
ferred to the trustees lor such action as they might
deem advisable. To purchase a lot and erect a build-
ing seemed impossible. In this emergency Joseph
K. Riley, a member of the a>soiiatiun, olVered the
board a lexsc for five years of the comuiodious rooms
over his shoe-store, at the low rent of twenty-five dol-
lars a year. This oiler was accepted, and in May,
ISSl, the library was removed to its present quarters.
The library now contains eleven hundred and two
volun)es; the congressional works number iwelve
hundred more. Some of them are of great value as
historical and scieniific records. From time t.) time
festivals and entertainments of various kinds have
been given, with more or less success, for the In iielil
of the library.

The Pilesgrove Dairy Association.— The object
of this as-ficiation is the in:inufaclure of milk into
butter atid cheese, and other dairy products. It was
organized Jan. 31, ISSl, with stock valued at six
thousand dollars, divided into six hundred shares.
Pichnian Coles was elected president; Charles Coles,
secretary; and John W. Dickinson, trejisurer. An
ice-house and cheese-factory were erected near Ricli-
manviile, and the association went into active opera-
tions, which have been crowned with success beyond
the most sanguine c.vpectalions of its otiiccrs and
members.

CHLKCH IIISTOUV.

Hicksite Friends.' — The records of this society do
not. contain Ihr exact date at which it was originally
organized, bnt it is thought to have come into exist-
ence about 172-1 or 1725. The first meeting-house
stood near the site of a dwelling-house on the south-
east Corner of the lot belonging to the society. It
is said to have been a small building, and the date
of its erection cannot now be ascertained. The jirc-cnt
brick meeting-house was built in \~^i), and a .Monthly
Meeting wa-J established in 1794 by a division of tiie
Balem .Alonlhly .Meeting. The most i>rominciit male
members of the new meeting were not mentioned in
the records of that day. Of the female members, who
seem to hare been in the ascendency, Elizabeth Ilas-
.sett, Mary Odb-ston, and Ann Somers wiira appointed
elders, atnf JIary Ogdcn and ^^arah Lippincott, over-
seers.

In 1827 and ]«2S occurred tlie division of the old
society into two branches, known rc^peetivi-ly a- tin

• Wiiiira <T"Li 'l.ti fiiini>lied ty S.iiihkI I:,.rt..ii, of Wi..cUt..v. i.

4G0

HISTOKY OP SALKM COUNTY.

Hicksile ami the Ortlioil')s branclios. Ol" these the
Hieksite was the stroiiwr, !uiiin.riially and finan-
cially, ami liy nnuiial a;:reeiniiit it ret:iined the ven-
erable inectln2-hi)iise, which it occupies to tliis day.

Al>oiit l."^-lii it was arranged to hold two oTlIie lour
Salem Ijuarlerly Meetings annually at Woodstown,
and alimit this time, to meet tiic demand lor more
room, an additiou of Gttecn feet was built to the meet-
ing-housc.

The present member>liip of I'ilesirrove Particular
Meeting is about three luindrcd and ten; tiiat of
Pilesjrrove Monthly Meeting, including Pilesgrove
and Woohwch Prejiaratory Meetings, is about four
hundred aji 1 ninety.

Orthodox Friends.' — At tlie division in the Piles-
grove Mi-eiiiig, the Orthodox branch was much
weaker than the Hickslte branch, and in considera-
tion of the ditlerence in numbers, the old house of
v.'orship was formally transferred by mutual agree-
ment to the IIick>ite branch.

In ]S2S the Orthodox Pricnds erected the small,
unpretentious frame nuciing-house they have occu-
pied to this day, on Union Street, near IClm. The
principal early members of this brancli were Gideon
Scull I'.nd his sons, Daniel and David, anil their fami-
lies, and William P. and Samuel Lippiiicottand their
families. The descendants of these men and mem-
bers of other families with which they have inter-
uiarried have down to the present time been the most
conspicuous members of this society, which at that
time was not niore than a score of members. John
H. Lippincott and family, now of lladdonlield, were
long members, and a sou of John Jl. Lippincott
(Joseph K. Lippincott; isa resident near Woodstov.n,
and has been a lilelong member of uote. Another
former member who will not soon be forgotten was
Sarali .Vnn Allen, also now of lladdoulicld.

I'cbccca Hubljs was an early minister, and w.as
many years in service. Later ministers of ability,
zeal, ami inlluence were Hepzibah l^rooks and Sarah
.Scull.

Meetings are held every First Day, or Sunday, and
every etfort consistent with the rules and [iraetice of
Orthodox Friends to make them interesting and iri-
flncnliai i- put forth.

Old Pilesgrove Methodist Chnrch. — No authentic
history in detail of the old Pilesgrove. Methodist
Episcopal Church is olitainable at this date. It is
sui)poscd to have been organized very early, probably
not long alter the organization of the First Methodist
Episcopal Church of Salem. In the absence of rec-
ords, and after such a lapse of time, it has not been
found po~-,ible to presi»nl the nauU'S of early mem-
bers or to give a list of the successive preachers, or
even to name any of those who led ineeting> lli.re in
tlic car'v ilavs.

ish.j.1 l.t MiMl'r

i).i|.|.;nc,lt,.,fWc

A small " class" is naturally supposed to have bceii
lirst I'ormcd, and in time a school-house, near the >ii.
of the present old church, is said to have been tli,
successor of the houses of one or two zealous meui-
ber:> as a place of ludding meetings when Pittsgrov.-
liecan\e a station on the old Salem Circuit. Later a
house of worship (a "one-story frame house, with :i
small gallery in front") was built, which in time gav,
place to that at present standing, unused and ra)iidly
going to ruin. In time this became the chief station
on a charge which iucludod Woodstown and other
points in the vicinity. A graveyard was opened
close by, and in it repose the bodies of most of those
who early worshiped here.

Yeai-s passed, and the second church began to nceil
repairs, and the centre of ]>t)pulatiou in this seelioi,
had shifted toSharptown, where an enterprising chi"
of Methodists had grown up under the iirotectioii ei
the old organization, and about ISoii meetings b^gaii
to be held in the school-house in that village more
and more frequently, and the old church was occu-
pied less and less often, until the organization of the
Sharptown Church, and the erection of a house of
worship there in 183;;, led to a final closing of il-
doors.

Methodist Episcopal Chnrch of Sharptown.—
During a few years prior lo Is:',.'. iireaching was
gradually tran-fcrrod from the old I'ilesgrove Churcii
toSharptown, where meetings were held in theschool-
hou~e. Kev. John Walker, Rev. Solomon Siiarp, and
other old-time [preachers ofliciatcd, and the services
were m tended by most of the church-going people
living in .Shari>town au'l its vicinity.

In 1S33 a i"ormal chnreh organization was eMectcl
through the instrumentality of l!cv. Mr. Walker.
William Morris, and others. Among the prominent
earlv members were the following-named persons am!
their families in whole or in p.irl : William Morri-
Charles Bennett, Joseph Matlack, Jonathan Harvey,
llichman Di.xon, Pohert P. Uobirison, and Sanine'.
llillman.

The neat brick church now in use was built in
1)5.0.), and dedicated and formally opened in the fall
of the same year. It cost about five ihous.-ind dol-
lars.

For some years after organization, Sharptown
Church was connected, with others, with the Metlio-
di-t Episcofial Church of Woodstown, and was niin-
istered to by the pastors of that body. The fir-t
stationed pastor of this church was Rev. D. W.- !5ar-
tine, in l.'i3S. His successors have becii Revs. Ford.
r):iy, McDougall, A. K. Street, John Stockton. John
C;rouch (assisted by Kev. John S. Ileislcr), William
U. Osborne, Joseph Asiibrook, J. G. Crate, C. K.
Fleming, D. C. Hancork, J. Souders. Furman Robins.
S, Townsend, J. H. Roswell, D. J. Lippineoli, and
\V. H. Peariic, the present pastor.

The trustees of this ih-jrch, olecttd in Septenib. r,
lSi<i, were Morris I'eak, Robert P. Robinson, CMiarh-

TOWNSHIP OF PILHSGKOVE.

4(il

15. JIuiii|iliioy. John N. Miller, ArlisSc:iu'r:ivi>. Ileiuy
r,. liicliinnii, and William 15. Uii'^way.

The Haiues" Neck Church.— About It^Si a. smull
iluirili fdiliee was Imilt by a class of >lethodists
uorrrhiping at llainc*' Xcck. I'rincii'nl among the
number may be Dienlioiicd Joseph Ja<)uett. a loeal
|ireaelicr, John Stanley, Sr., Joseph Steward, the
Abbotts, the Itcgers, the JUvenses, the Slapes, Rich-
ard Ililcs, and others. This is a station on the
Sliarptown charge.

Woodstown Methodist Episcopal Church. —
Woodstown became a re^rular appointment about
]Sio, and was served by the ministers on the Salem
I'ircuit. They preached in a scbool-llou^e, not now
standinj:, then located back of the presonl academy
or town hall.

I'revious to this time the place was visited occ.v
>ioniilly by Methodist ministers. Jienjnmiri Abbott,
! in his autobiography, mentions visiting and prcach-
I ing at Woodytown. The society originally numbered
I about a dozen members, as I'olloxvs : Nicholas llilcs
I and wile, John Duteher and wife, T. .Stratton and
I wife, llepsibah IJarncs, Margaret Strong, Hugh Sharp
^ and wife. Kaciiel Shinn, and one or two others whose
t iiame^ are not now obtainable.

I In 1S34 the society had grown to a membership of

t about one hundred. At thi.i time the fir^l house of

f worship was erected. In ISSS, Sharplown and Woods-
town were set olf from the Salem Circuit a> a separate
I charge. In 1So2 Woodstown became a station by
I itself, and the church was ministered to during a part
I of IS'iS and a part of lSo3 by Jonas Chew, a local
preacher. Since then the following nanie<l pastors
have been successively appointed :

JSM. Mullen.

I4il. II. S. ISNhoi..

18.10-.-. n. K. W.,ol!ii..n.

1M?-5!1. J. I'. Jliiii.ly, M.l>.

IXTO-SI. S. Towiiicnrt.

IMi-W. R. Thorn, Jr.

tUM. h. 11. lUillar.l.

IB&VW. 0. K. Slorils, D.D, I

In 1856 and 18-07 the present house of worship was
erected. It is a commodious structure, [ilain in its
e.xteri'ir. without steeple or tower. The audience-
and leclure-ri'oms are models of nentne-'ss and con-
venience.

Rev. Mr. Handy died while pastor of the church.
lie w.nsa graduate in medicine, and was considered a
man of brilliant talent, lli.s remains lie under a
-inali >haft in the yard in front of the church edifice.

Methodism in tin.- community has had a steady
and .-ub-tantial growth. Interesting revivals have
'n-curred fron) linjc to time, and the cliurch life
lliriinghout has been vigorous. This is now one of
the strongest Methodist Episcopal Churches in the
'•ouuty. It lia.s a membership of about two hundred
and siuventy-tivc, and the Sunday-.schools number
about one hundred and fifty, oflicers, teacher.-*, and
■■>cli()!arn.

ISCV-ra. K. Grpcu.
11171-72. J. W. Hickniau.
1S7I. Cli irle. II. Wliilccar,
IS74-7.J. .=. r. Whrdrr.
UTi;-78. P. Cline.
1S79-SI. II. >I. Hrfvin.
IS—. Ji.sci.li 0. friti', .\M.

Baptist Church of Woodstown.— The imperfe- 1
niannci- in which tlie early records were kept ha<
made it impossible to give as detailed a statement of
the organization and history of the church as may
seem desirable. It appears that founeen Bapii.-t-^
from Salem and one from Cohansey met at Woods-
town. N. J., July ii, lSi2, and organized as a regu-
lar liaplist Church. Kev. William 13. Maxwi 11 was
pastor from .Vug. 29, 1S22, till March 2(;, 182:^. Jan.
21, 1*24, Rev. John T. Cooper was invited to siipi'ly
the church for one year. The minutes do not show-
how the pulpit was supplied during the next five
years. Oct. 23, 1S30, Rev. William I'.acon was settled
as pastor of this church. During Ids ])ast(irate the
chnrch organized a temperance society, A pril 1 1 , lSo2.
The temperance pledge was also inserted in the
church covenant December 1st of the same year.

Feb. 18, 1S3S, Mr. liacon resigned, after a i)astoiale
of eight years, and a call was e.xteuded to Rev. John
F. Felly, at a salary ol three hundred dollars per
annum. Rev. Mr. Felty also preached once a week
at Sharplown ami Sculltown. lie resigned Sept. 15,
IS.'JS. He was succeeded by Rev. Samuel WiUon,
April 0, lS3t'. Mr. Wilson resigned IMarch, ]S4it.

About May 3, ISIO, Rev. C. 0. Parks became pas-
tor, at a salary of three hundred and fifty dolbirs.
Nov. ti, 1841, .Mr. Parks tenderi-d his resignation, to
take elVect March I, 1S42. Dec. 1, K>U1, the first
meution is found on the minutes of a Sabbath-school,
though one was in existence at a much earlier day.
Jan. 7, 1843, Mr. D. Mead was called a.s pastor. He
resigned Jan. 0, 1844. July G, 1.S44, the church ex-
tended a call to Mr. J. P. llaldwin, whicli wa-; ac-
cepted on condition that the church wail until the
last of August in order that he might finish his stud-
ies and receive his ilegree with his class. .Mr. Bald-
win wa.> duly ordained Dec. IT, 1S44, and proved an

' cflicicnt pastor. He died suddenly while on a visit
to Piiihidelphia, Dec. 12, 184.5, and was buried in the
Baptist cemetery at Woodstown. May 2, 1840, an
invitation was extended to Rev. A. J. Hires to sup-
ply the pulpit for an indefinite jieriod, and he con-
tinued until Marrh, 1.S47. Rev. .1. IVrry Hall was
called as pa-tor March 27, 1847, and rc^mnieliced his
labors April 1st, which continued until Nov. 1, ISiU.
Dec. 4, 18.50, Rev. C. Rrinkcrhoir was called, and con-
tinued as pastor until March, 18-54. November, 18.54,
it was voted unanimously to extend a call to Rev. A.
Harvey. May 31, 1.^.51), he tendered his resignation
as pastor, which was accepted.

Nov. 1, l.*5i). Rev. K. C. .Vmbler accejitcd a call to
the pastorate. His labors closed .March 4, 18-5'.t.
During this pastorate, in 18-58, a h.cln re-room was
added to the church. Sept. 4, 18-59, Rev. \V. li. Oor-
nell was invited to become pastor of this church. 1 lis
pastorate continued until the first Sabbath in January,
1801, after which he was invited to supply the church
for an indefinite period. April 27, l.S.''i!, Hoiiry 1',.

. Shcrmer was called. His pastorate ciritinui.il until

4G3

IllSTOHV OF SALEM COUNTY.

May 10, 1SG3. July 3, ISG-J, Rev. J. P. Mee^on be-
came jiastor of the church, and so coiiiinuod until
June 1, l.*(35. For two years and eleven uumths fol-
lowing the church was without a pastor. Kev. Mr.
Hires acted as supply most of the time, but was fol-
lowed by Kev. E. r. Barker as stated supply. May
3, l.SOS, Rev. S. C. Dare became i).istor, at a salary of
ci;_'ht luinilied dollars and tlie use of the parsonajre.
During his pastorate a bai)tistery was put in the
church. He resigned July IS, lSil9. Xov. 2S, ISCO,
Rev. James Thorn was called, and entered the field
January, ISTd. His labors as pastor ceased the last
of December, 1S71. May o, 1S72, a call was extended
to Rev. F. 1>. Greul. He continued as pastor until
Jan. 18, 1S74, when lie resigned. The cluin-h was
then supplied by va'rious preachers until Sept. 6, 1S74,
when a call was extended to Rev. P. S. Vreeland. He
continued as pastor until Sept. 30, 187C, wlicn he sev-
ered his connection with the church. April 22, 1S77,
a call was extended to Rev. J. \V. Sullivan. Dnring
the year 1S7S, Sftllie B. Ale, on her dccea-e, willed
her liouse to the cliureh for a parsonage. Rev. K. I.
McKeever w.as called Aug. -1, 1 S7S. Jan. 23, ISSI, he
tendcrcil hi-; resignation, which was not accepted. It
was .igain jircsentcd February 5lh, to take ed'ect the
10th instant, and was accepted. April 10. ISSl, Rev.
E. Dallas Stager was called, virtually by a unanimous
vote, there being but one negative. Mr. Stager's pa.s-
lorate was abruptly terminated. Entering the puljiit
on Sunday, Xov. 20, ISSl, appaicntly in usual health,
he was stricken with apoplexy while in tlie midst of
his sermon, and in a few inomcutf vat tlcnd. Rev.
Charli- Ivain. who has recently retired from the pas-
torate at MuUie.i Hill, and is residing in Woodstown,
])ropo^cd to supply the pulpit for three months, on
condition that the salary of the late pa-tor might be
continued to his family. Shortly after the termina-
tion of this engagement, the church extended a call
to Rev. J. K. NVilson, which was accepted, and on the
20lh of July he comnunced his labors. The ollicers
of the church are: I'astor, Rev. J. E. Wilson; Dea-
cons, J. Bradway, D. Peterson, Josiah M. Battin.
James I!. Hackett, P. G. Soudcr, M.D.; Clerk, M. D.
Dickinson; Trca-urcr, Samuel Bradway; Tru-tees,
J. Bradway. D. Peterson, J. M. Battin, S. II. Brad-
way, J. R. ll.ickctt, Joseph Turner, R. S. K. Cilman ;
Sund:iv-schi"il Superinlendiiil, Jo-cidi I'liriier.

TLc Presbytorian Churcli of Wood-stown.— The
Woodstown Pre>byterian Cliurch was organized Xov.
22, ].<jo, witli a membership of eight, consisting of
the foHowing-namcd i>ersons : Mrs. Eli/.abelli Grini-
shaw. Miss Esther Grimshaw, Miss Ann Grinishaw,
Mrs. .Mary M. Retd, Mrs. Harriet Elwell, .Mrs. H. .M.
Jcrvis, Miss E. M. Jervis, and Dr. James B. Ware.
I)r. Ware was clio=en tlic fiisl ruling elder of the
church.

I'revious to the organization of the c'lurcl). Rev.
E. H. Stioivdeu labored for three months at Woods-
town, Swcdcshoro, and Mullica Hill, in the year 185.3.

In June, 1854, Rev. Allen H. Brown began an a;.-
poii\!ment at Woodstown, and conlintied his servico-
ai iMlerv;il3 till October, 1S55.

Rev. T. B. Jervis became stated suiiply of Us
Woodstown and Swedesboro Churches in Goto'... r,
1. •5.35, and .served in that capacity till October, Is'i...
He was succeeded by Rev. John E. Grant, wlio aK..
served as stated suiiply for one year, from April,
1S57, till April, 1S5S.

In lS5!t, Rev. Chester Bridgeman took charge >n
the congregations of Woodstown and Swedesboro a-
stated supply, and in the autumn of tliat year wa-
installed as their first pastor. His paslorate wav
continued til! November, ISiio.

In September, 18o4, Rev. William Cornell w.i-
called as pastor of the Woodstown Church, and com-
tintied as such till the autumn of 1S07.

In April, 1SG8, Rev. R. J. Burtt was inslallod n-
pastor of the Woodstown Church, and served as statcl
supply of the Swedesboro Clinrcli, having the charge
of both congregations until .May, 1S72.

In September, 1S72, the i)rcsenl past(n-. Rev. 0. B.
McCnrdy, was called by the congregation, and w i-
ordained and installed its pastor Nov. 6, 1S72.

The church edifice, located on JIain Street, near
the centre of the village, was creeled in 1S57, and
Pec. 3, 1857, it was dedicated. It is a neat frani.-
building, with a seating capacity of about four hun-
dred. The church luoperly is valued at si.^ iIiousmm'I
dollars. ^

Rcftne the erection of the church, meetings for wor-
ship were held in the town hall. Since its organi/.a-
tion the church has maintained a steady progres-.
gradually increasing in strength, until now it.-, m. ii:-
bership numbers over one hundred, and iueliidi-
some of the le.iding citizens of the community, li
is active in it.s missionary work.

Soon after its organization its Sabbalh-school w:i-
cstablishcd, with Elder John S. Barnes as its fir^t
superintendent. It has a mcndiership of over one
hundrcil, and its library contains some five hundn.I
volumes. Its present efticieiit superintendent is iJr.
Joseph E. Jaquette.

The church has three elders, John R. Alderuuin,
James IT. AVebber, and Charles Richman, and o:.c
deacon, Ebenezcr P. Wallen. Its trustees are Dr.
Uriah Oilman, John R. Alderman, Joseph 11. Wlii-
bor, Ebenezer P. Wallen, an<l Charles Ricliiiuui.

It takes an active interest in all that pertains lo the
welfare of the community, and is aggressive in n-
work.

Catholic— There has for years been a C.nlli'>bi
element of coii.-iJcialilc importance in the popiilali'H:
of Woodstown, and it has long been amission station
of St. Mary's parish, Salem. Among those wh.i W' r'
carlv i)rominent in Calliolic ad'airs here were Painv"
Manning, Christian Hope, Cornelius Miilor-hiii.
Thomas Purtle. John and James .McCraiiC, and
others.

'^ar^/A^^'* 7'' < f*^ Q^t^^

TOWNSHIP OF pi].e.sguovj:.

4G3

Up to tfn years apr.'i fcrvicos wore hold l>y tlic
]i;i-liirs of St. Mary's in a i>riv.itc Ixuise in Wooils-
lown. In liTU the present ^nlall Iraiiie chapel was
huilt, at a cost of about one tiioii.~and dollars. Ser-
vices are hold by llcv. Fatlier P. J. Dornis, of Salem,
on sixlcon Sund;iys iliiriu;r the year. The conirrcga-
linn nunibors :ibii!it one linndrcd and iifiy persons.

The Yorketown Chapel. — At Yorketown is a neat
ininio cbapol. which wa^ built in 1S70, by the Baptist
Church of Piits^'rove, thoUirh citizens of Yorketown
and vicinity were liberal subscribers to the building
fund. Occasional mcetinirs are held here by the
li;istor of the church, nu-iilioned, and at times mini.s-
ti-rs of other donoininati"tis ]iro.i("li.

Churches of Colored People.— There bein;^ a
ronsidoraldo inimborof colnrod people in Pilcsirrove
who were too remote from Salem to regularly attend
services at the colored churches there, it was some
years ajto deenud advisable by some of the foremost
among them to provide suitable places of worship in
their midst, and accordingly a society was orjranizod
at Yorketown, and another near the southern bound-
ary of the township, and in due time churches,
small and inexpensive, fiiit suitable to the demands
upon them, were erected in both localities mentioned.
These churches, which arc known as Jlnunt Zion and
>[ount Olivet, are on the Marlboro (Manningtoii)
charge, and under the care of its jiastor. At Bailey-
lowD, which is really a portion of Wood.stown, there
is another colored Mothodi.-t Church.

Burial-Places. — Early burials were made on the
farms of some of the landholders, and il was not
until some time after improvement begun that there
was any public burial-place in the township. There
are now several belonging to the various religious
societies of W'oodstown, the opening of which fol-
lowed closely upon the orgaiii/.;illon of the churches
to which thcv severallv belong.

BlUGUAPHICAL SKETCllK.s.

ItAUTlIOLO.MKW ( OI,h:s.
Thomas Cole-s, the father of the subject of this
hiograjvliical sketch, was an active farmer, and also
conducted a lumber-mill. He was of English ante-
cedents. His son Piartholomcw was born July 7,
17K'>, at Coles' Mills (near \Villiain«town). Camden
Co., X. J., and after receiving the arlvanlages of a
t'ommon school education superintended his father's
nulls. He later engaged in farming einpldymeiits.
On the 12th of January, ISO'.t, he married Hannah
^Vhisler, daugliter of Thomas Whisler, and had chil-
dren, — Thom:ts (dece.'ised), l^z, William (deceased i,
Bariholomew, Ciialkly, Jo^tidi, Stacy Idecea-ed), and
Ifa. Harris married .Mary Hurlf, and had children,
— Elizabeth, Tauzon, Anna, Martha, Olawson, and
George Hurfl'. Uz married, first, Hannah Ballingcr,

to whom were born children, — Jane I!., Anna, ami
Isaac B. He married, a second tiiiio, Mary Holdc! iiit.
and had children, — Jfary, Sarah, Araminta, and Ella,
William married Louisa Whitaker, and had children,
— Xancy ami William W, liartholouicw married Ue-
bccca Horner, to whom were born children, — Thomas
uleceased), Anna, Charles E., Eleunora. George H.,
P^velina, Martha Ann. and Stacy. Chalkly wa> united
in marriage to Martha Ann Coles, and agaiu to Eliza-
beth Horner. Their children are Maggie and Clar-
ance, the latter of whom is deceased. Joseph mar-
ried, first, Sarah E. Moore, whose children are ICnima,
Lillie, and Hannah, and second, Postreina Gruff.
Stacy married Eydia Duoll, whose son is named John
D. Ira married .\nu Adcock, and has no children.
Mr. Coles, though in advanced years, still retains
both his mental and physical vigor, and en.gages with
all the energy of youth in the labor of the Airm. He
is in his political principles a Republican, though not
an active worker in tlie field of politics. The doaih
of Mrs. Coles occurred April 2, 1S70.

tiEOiiOi: w. 1).\i;t<).v.

Ex-Shcritf George W. Barton, son of Christopher
and Susan Barton, was born in Philadelphia, Dec.
20, 1S20. His paternal ancestors were Irish, and he
was of Swedish descent on his mother's side. His
father was a shoemakor. George attended the com-
mon schools of the city. When he was si.\teen year*
of age he apprenticed himself to Thomas Stanley,
a carriage-maker. After completing his trade, he
worked a year as journeyman. In the fall of ]?42
he came to Sl.arptown, .Salem Co., and began the
carriage business for himself, which he continui-d
until ISOl). In the fall of 1S7S he was elected slierifl"
of Salem County.

After comple'-ing his term of three years he served
as deputy sherilT a year under his successor. Ho
has for a number of years been constable, ami held
other places of trust, all of which he has filled with
credit to himself and to the satisfaction of the puli-
lic. On the loth of December, ISoP, Mr. Barton
married Priscilla Coiiklin, of Pliiladelphia, and by
her had four children, two of whom are liviiijr. —
Susan, who married Persho B. Sprague, and is the
mother of three children, namely, Mary E., Lvdia
v., and Gertrude America; and William W., who
married Sarah, daughter of Stacy E. Deacon, of
Mount Holly, by whom he has two children, — Lizzie
and George \\'., the latter named for his grandfather
Barton.

Mr. Barton's wife, PrisciUa, died March 14, 1857,
aud he afterwards married Mary, daughter of Josiah
Ale, of Salem County. Within the p.ist nine years
Mr. Barton has purcha.std two fine farm.s, besides his
home and other property at .Sliarijtown, where he
and wi.'c now reside.

4Ct

HISTORY OF SALEM COUNTY.

J0?1A11 MONKOE liATiKX.

.1rt>i:ili Monrne Ratten, son ol" Tlioiiia-; J. and
Haiiii:;h A. Haiieii, ol" Salem Comity, was born June
24, 184'.'. His arH-e.<tnr.s on both siiles came from
Sweden, ami wore prominent aniDn-r tlie early .-settlers
of Sweilesboru. His fatlier wa.s a farmer and justice
of the jieaee. licside.s iioldin^ other townsliin oflices.
He died in May, ISTt!. His wife survived liim a year.

The subject of this sketeli was educated at the
Academy of Salem and at tlie State Normal School
at Trenton. When twenty years of nge he began
teaching .school near Pedricktown, Salem Co. He
taught at Ponn"s Grove, Atlantic City, and other
|»l.-iees for a number oi' years.

On Chrislma-s-day, 1S7?>, Mr. IJatten married Su-
sanna Nelson, dauj.'hter of Rev. Jacob and Mary
IJauks. They liave two children, — Roland Nelson
and Eflie Ranks. He is now residing on the farm
that has b«cn in his wife's family since the latter part
of the seventeenth century. Her great-grandfather
was an ofliccr in the Revolutionary war. Mr. Ratten
formerly belonged to the Republican party, but is
now a Prohibitionist. He is a deacon in the Raptist
Church of Woodstown, of which church his wife is
also a member.

.AI.I.KX FLiaitArT.
Allen Klitcrafi, son of Isaiah Plitcraft, was born in
Salem County, N. J., on Utli day of 1st mo.. 1S2.5. of
honorable parentage, who were members of the Soci-
ety of Friends. His father was a representative
farmer. The subject of this sketch remained on his
father's farm until eighteen years of age, iieuring a
moderate education in the public schools of his neigh-
borhood. -V portion of the time was under the tuition
of 1-Vli.v Smith, a competent teacher. His scho'a.stic
education was com|>leted at the boarding-school of
Joseph Fonlke at Gwynned, I'a.. deriving there a
knowledge of the higher mathematics which enabled
him to make astronomical calculations foi the Tricnds'
Almanac. At an early age he began teaching a dis-
trict school. }!y close application and study he quali-
fied hiiiis^df for instiwctingin all the English branches
(aUo taught French and Ealin;, and at the age of
thirty became principal of Eldridgi-'s Hill Hoarding-
School. He was a good disciplinarian, a thorough
and jiraclieal teacher, fitting and i|ualifyin~ students
from various sections of the Virion, some of wlioin
are now holding prominent and responsible positions.
He was a hard worker for a number of years, and the
mental strain attending that kind of labor produced
a disadvantageous efl'ect upon his nervous system, and
lie was obliged to discontinue. Hi: afterward.s con-
nected himself with the Provident Life an<l Trn.st
Company of l'hil;idelphia, and has been thu.s en-
gaged for the past seventeen years. In his twenty-
first year he was united ill marriage to Plicbo Ann,
d;aighler of William Zorns, of Plymouth, Moutgom-
eiy Co., Pa. With this estimable lady he lived for

more than thirty years, and had ;i huge fa'nilv ■,{
children, five of tlniii living to m:itnr;ty. T!\eilil. -:
Wiiiiam '/.., is c.ishio;- of the First Xatioi;;.! Ran'-; ,■
Woodstown.

Allen Flitcraft's birthright of membersliip inilu- r.
ligious Society of Friends was always appreciated an. I
valued to a great ext.Mit, and being failbfui as well ;(^
obedient to impressions received early in life, he w:i.
led to appear in the ministry, and at the age of loriy-
one was recommended as such by the society. In
1S7G he was married a second time to Sarah B. Booth,
a Uxlenteil and cultured lady, and daughter of Wil-
liam Booth, of Cliester, Pa., where be has since re-
sided.

CU AFTER LX X II.
Tow.v.siiip or prrrsc.iiovE.i

Geographical. — Pittsgrove is the most east, rly
township ill S;ilem County. It is bounded noiih
by |iorlions of Franklin and Clayton (Glouce-tc:
County, east by Landis (Cumberland County ■.
south by Dcerfield (Cumberland County}, and west
by Upper Pi'.tsgrove.

Topographical. — The surface ol Pitt-grove is gen-
erally level, though somewhat undulating in soimc
parts. The soil is gravelly loam, and, properly cul-
tivated, is as productive as any I'ortion of the county.
The township contains two hnndrod and nineteen
farms. The usual variety of crops is grown, and liic
gathering and marketing of sumach-leaves was u,i-
inerly an important industry. Ry the judicious iivc
of marl and other fertilizers land formerly considered
nearly valueless and left unimproved and unenhivatcd
has been redeemed and now yields abundant harvcsls.

.-Vs early as l.SM an act ol' the Gener.il Assemhly
was passed to onaMe the inhabitants to open jind clc:ir
tiie navigation of JLuddy Pain. This stream How-
in a south course to Centreton. where it receives th'.-
Indian Rranch, Palatine Branch emptying into it
norlii of that |>oint; thence it pursues a southeasterly
course, nearly parallel with the soiilliern boundary '■>
the township, emptying into the Maurice River, which
forms Pitt.-grove's eastern boundary. The streams
mentioned, with Dry Rranch, a tributary to Ma'.iiicc
River at the northeast corner of Piitsgrove, and soiue
small brooklt'.s, form the natural drain.ige of tin-
township.

The West .Jei.ey Railroad travcr.-cs the souilnvc-t
portion of the townshij^, formitig a junction with the
Salem Branch at Elmer, on the western border, north
of the centre. T!ie New Jer.-ey SoiiiherM R.-iiho.e!
crosses the souSheastern (.orner.

The |)rincipa! highway- in and through Pilisgrov;r
:irt.' kiiov, n as the Porchtown, the Malaga, tiie Willow

' llv .n. '.<: U;it.:

Towxsnir of riTTS'jROVE.

465

(irove, the Darotowu, the ]>rid<rcti)ii, the Willow
(irove and CciUrevillo, tlie iJuck, and the Maul's
Ilriilire roads.

The area of this lownsliip is 2S,341 acres, and its
|i.)|iiilatioii in ISS'i was 1777. In ISSl the valuation
of its real estate was >''-17o,0ll<i, and of its personal
property i'21Ci,.LJ0O. Its voters numbered 4S1, and its
poll tax amounted to •■?42"); its scliool tax was $1188,
and its eounty tax $1127.

Settlement.— A large area of Pittsgrove was un-
settled and unimproved until within a few years, but
lately a spirit of progies.s h:is manifested itself, and
thousands of trees have been felled, and many acres
of [ireviousty unprolitable laml have been put under
cultivation. Broad Xeck, in the southern and eastern
part of the township, was formerly regarded as a deso-
late section, and its few scattering inhabitants were
not noted for their enterprise, or tor bein;^ very unex-
ceptional citizens. That portion of the town.-,hip em-
bracing Elmer and Centreton was early inhabited by
a thrifty and higlily respectable class of people.
.Mucli of the land in this township and U|)per Pitts-
grove was originally taken up by sjieciilators, promi-
nent among whom were Daniel Coxe, of Burlington,
and Judge William Hall, of Salem, who sold much
land to actual settlers.

Among the earliest settlors in Pittsgrove was the
llitchner family, branches of which are to be found
at this time in alniosl every surrounding townshiji.
Who was the original settler of that name does not
appear, but in the records of this and contiguous
townships the name is conspicuous in several genera-
tions to the present.

John Pym was early on the site of Elmer, where he
owned considerable property, and rebuilt a primitive
grist-mill, clseivhere r. ferred to. lie is said to have
been one of the most jirogressive and enterprising
men of hi.s day and generation. His possessions
passed into other hands, and none of bis name are
known to live in the vicinity.

About 17yO, John Johnson and his wife, Jane, em-
igrated from Ireland, and having considerable means
at his dispo.-al, he located a large tract of land in
this township and settled thereon. In his native
'■'luntry he had been a Presbyterian minister. lie is
'lol thought to have preached in Amt-rica.

Jlis son, Isaac, born in 1772, was an uncommonly
active and enterprising man. Jle often said while
young that he was determined to own more acres of
land than his father possessed at the time of liis
deiith. This ambition he more than realized, owning,
'lot far from Darelowii, in Ui)per Pitt^giove, six hun-
'Ircd acres of excellent land, and large tracts el.se-
>*here. besides two llouring-mills and much other
valuable property. One of the most inllucntial nien
'II fc'alem County, he was chosen to the office of
•'"■rlfl, and was jiroinincntly identified with numerous
I'"blic and private interests of importance.

Anoilicr son of John John.sou the jiioneer, James,
SO

the oldest, was jierhaps as prominent as any, serving
in the colonial army in the Revolution, lie was a
man of superior mental and physical eudowmeuts,
and of great energy, and was regarded as one of the
mvst -uccessful farmers in the county. John, the
sun of James, Ibllowed the sea in early life, and was
captain of the ship " Josephine,"' trading between
Philadelphia and Xew Orleans. When past middle
age he settled in Lower Penu's Xeck, on a farm letl
him by his father. Isaac Johnson, another descend-
ant of the pioneer, lived to an advanced age. An
active and influential man in busiues.s and political
circles, he served the county as sheritV, and was other-
wi<e prominent. Descendants of John and Jane
J(dinson have intermarried with many of the leading
families of the county, and are to be found widely
disseminated throughout the State and beyond its
limits.

Jeremiah Stull, a descendant of John Stull, of Upper
Pittsgrove, lived near I)oerricld, Cuuiberlaiul Co.,
and owned a large tract of land extending into Pitt-<-
grove. He was well known and induential, and did
much to advance the interests of Centrclon and vicin-
ity, where he was an extensive pro])eriy-owner, and
built a house for public worship, which fell into dis-
use as such, and was presented by him to the Odd-
Ecllows' lodge of that village.

William I,oper, of Upper Pittsgrove, owned much
land extending into Pittsgrove. His .-on, Seth Loiter,
is a prominent citizen of Elmer.

A huge tract of land in the township was owned by
John Elwell, of Elmer, who was a blacksmith and
wheelwright. After his death his jiroperty passed by
l^urchase itito possession of David Hitchner, whose
heirs sold many lots, on which considerable of the
village stands.

Tlie contracted limitsof the territory settled during
the pioneer or early history of this township, and the
extensive purchases of some of the early comers
renders the list of those entitled to consideration as
pioneers comparatively small. The settlement of the
vast extent of the township south and east of its cen-
tre is of such recent date as to preclude any extended
treatment of it in connection with its early occupa-
tion. Among those who have actjuired property in
this section may be mentioned the Langlcys, the
liichard-es, the Rowans, the Scotts, the Farnsworths,
the Kandlcs, the Englishes, theGarrisons, theLeaehes,
the Edward'^e.s, the Harrises, the Parvins, the Crea-
mers, the Richmans, the Gartons, the Ackleys, and
the Dunhams.

The Van Meter family, whose i)rogenitors originally
located in Upper Pittsgrove, have representatives
living and owning land in that portion of Pittsgrove
contiguous to the Upper Pittsgrove line. Some of
the Van Meters, of J'iltsgrove, have been and are
among the best known and most inllucntial of its
citizens, taking a prominent part in the conduct ol'
lo'.vn.-,hip alfair.s.

4Gt;

IHSTORV UF SALi:.M COUNTY.

rr.)iiiii).-iU niiKiiig the families of PittsL'rove and
Upper Piii^grove during the period ^^||0-30 were
lliose of Antriini, Ackley. Avis, Adcocic, Ad;iuis, Bur-
riuiglis, liabcnck, Drown, Coomb*, Conover, Clark,
Cronipton. C'M>k, Dare, Davi>, Davenport, rUvcIi,
Ewing, Evans, L^tlaek, Foster, Fisli, GanisDii, Gar-
ton, Gray, Gordon, llitclmor, Darker, lleinson,
Hani|itun, Ivius, Johnson, Janvier, Jarnian, Jordan,
Kendall, Krom, Loper. Mayliew, Moore, Matti.>on,
Monigiiincry, Xewkirk, Xnttcr. Nichols, Orr, Potter,
Peacoek, Kichnian, Kievt-?, Kussell, Swing, SliepparJ,
Thompson, Taylor, Huliugs, Hiisted, liulick, Urion,
AVhittaker, and Wiek.

In the soulhea-t part of this township a colony of
Eussian Jews located in the summer of 1SS2. On
account of their nearue.-s to Vinelaml, Cumberland
Co., tliey are sometimes referred to collectively as
" the Vineland colony."

Organization.— Pittsgrovo was set off from Pile.s-
grove al an early but unknown date, and named in
lionor of tlie famous Kngli^ll statesman and orator,
William Pitt, before he accepted the earldom of Chat- [
ham. Upper Pittsgrove was subseijuently foroied by
its division.

Civil List. — U'e here present as complete a civil
list a> we have bceu enabled to compile. It will be
found to c'lutain the names of tb.osc who have been
prominent in township aii'airs during the past thirty
years. i

TOW.NSIIIP COJIMITTKE. j

, 1578, 1880-82. Rich- ' 1859, \fr.l, IS7.I-7

Tow.vsiur ii.i:i:ks.

18.W-41, 1

ard l.;i|)glH>*.
lSiO-.il, 1871. Will. B. R.>ge:i.
ls.'.0-4I, IS^'-SO. J«i-..b lliloliner.
IfC.ii-M. Jimi-j H. Tr'-nrlinrd.
livW, ls;4-i>7. UcQr>' Kandle.
ll>.i|. ridrid Sillirns
is^i2. Jnlin K Slch.b.
185'>. A.l.im Kaodlr.
im. P«t<-r DmI.
18.52, IvVi-i:. Julin M. Hiutc.l.
IvW, If-yj, 1^77-73. D.itid Ililcli-

18v>.'). John K.inJIo.

1803. MIclincI Oxciil-akcr.

IKM. Mi>l(lil;is ll!t(.liiii'r.

18.W-.M. Jolin 3Iii.rli»U'.

1851, l.'.:2-(n. J. H. CInrk.

1604. M. C. MMIcr.

1850. Juliii P. Gurton.

IWG-i:. John llii;liea.

185«-i», lS«C-<i7. Siliinel Ackley.

1858. Jumrs G. Ford.

1S5S, li-(>3-r,l. FellK S. EiisliBli.

I8iS-OI,l80.M;7. HchLoii Uugley.

~71>. Jauics

F. Aiitliurty.
1«59. Willmlii II W.ir.l.
IfiVk-Cj, 1 -08-72. J«i-..1, n. $:iiiuip.
180), lSiii-63, ls>ij, 1-117-74, l^:!>-

82. Rolwrl M. lliichuor.
1861,1875. HiYid K'l«,irJs.
181)1-64, IS. s-71. J. IliuluKr, Jr.

1802, 18<U. ««inu<:l All
1815. Ilirriiii StruDc.

ISi-o. iMlli"! Ilil.'lillM'.
ISCO-71, 1*71-75, 11.77-78

DuDlinni.
1S06. Rolen M. Ward.
18C7. AnliiirG. I>:<rv!n.
18r.*-<», U7i, 1>75, lii77-

Arliloy.
1S7I). Giorg» F. riark.
1971. Jhuics G.ir.iiii^r.
1?72. lUi.ry J. SlniUi.
187f-74. AiiJtfW J. .Smith.
1873. Thuma* >lun>h.v.
1S70. William .Mnr-li..ll.
1S77. Jnmin yi. liunifld.
18>0-82. l)a\iJ Ilitchncr.

,Jr.

CHOSEX FICKMlOMlER?.

1S4S, 1851-r.3. John Joliueoii.
1M9-.V0. John II. Clark.
l»i!;-52. David £ithriis.
IVi'^Vi, l>-62-M, 18BS-70. Jacob

Hilchner.
1«:^5';. John K. Xlrhola.
liw>;-5(<. J.,D,.!hunS. Whillaker.
1«J708. .Mm K:iiidk-.
ISW-'il. J'lhn U»iiil.l«.
1M»-C0. Jubu iliiKhel.

186!->B. Saniiivi Ackl^y.
18lM-«0, 1S7I. Co. liil.s Acl
18>l5-«-. Ilaiii«I ClirWy.
18C7. Willirim U. l!..j^r...
lKi»-71. IlirKiii Strang.
1872, John Ackl.-y.
1873-75 S.1111U1I ll.iiry.
1877--.<. Oliver P. Ilitoliii
1879.80. l!..l»-rt P. ClirW:
1881-8;^. Juni-'a liiirn.ugb

lvVl-v>. j,,se,,t, 11. Trcnc!iai,I.
l->i-,v.. P.,.Uti M. Hit. hnor.
1.-57-5:1. Davi.l V. M. Sniilh.
U(it.-«.', lS71-7i, 187'>-SI. Jar-h

Wick.
l»0;l-6,i. IlarnitMi Ilitihnor.
186<:. Daniel HitchiiHr.

IS .11. Jac.d. Hilchn...r.
1-5I-0.1. lUiirj- Kaudlc.
l>il-5fl. John Kanillc
1W7-59. Ruben M. Ililcliucr.
ISUMU. Kelix S. English.
1802 Cha.los W Jones.

1,-'17. J.,c,.|. M. K.inillc.
l>0.v .I.,hii M. Knndl...
IMIO. Clark Irclell.
1S70. Jac.ii. Ililchiicr.
IS74-75. E.Uvar.l II. I.ol.
1«77-7S. Jamoi W.Oold
18S2. Hii'atu VanniHtcr.

; ISta-CS. Sumuc-I v. ,I,.nc!.
l.'!CC-CS. ThonuLi -Mnri.liy.
ISG9-71. iMnc Johnson.
1S72. Jciso T. liimii.lircy.
1573-70. David llitcliu.r, Jr.
U77-S.'. M.irliii V. Iluiii.s.

COI.LECTOKS.

1800-52. John Kandle.
lS.'-l-65. Itaiiiel Uiichner.
185f-.'i8. J. P. Carton.
1859-01. JohD K. .\iclivl9.
lSC'2-01. David EJuard;.
1800-67. Jacob K. SIdnip.

1SC8-70. Joseph JoTic3.
1871-73 CharlM l: llitchiier.
lS74-7.'i. ISSl. \Vm. W.John!.
1S77-79. Jacob Uitcliiicr (:i).
1SSU-S2. Clinton Johnson.

C0.MMISSIO.NESS OF APPEAL.

l,5.'.il, l-.V.-,i7. John llujhos.

1S.MI. David Silhcns.

18.V). llruryKandli...

18il-;.4. Matthias S. Miller.

lsoi-53, 1S50. Jacob lliicbuer.

l?01-52, 1870. Richard Laugley.

18.VJ. John Mayh..«-.

IS'A. Lemuel Parvln.

1S.^4, 1859-«0, 18>V2-t)5. S. Hann.

185.5-57. JoliU S. Watvou.

1«5C. John U. Clark.

1855, 18.^8-59. Mattblal llltohiier.

1857-58, 15'V>-6S. John K. N'lcboll.

1867. Uvlijaiuiil Pcdrick.

1808. Janie* G. Fonl.

1 Diinhi

' 1809, 1801, 1SS2. Elm

ISC'i. Williiini li. li'vers.

1.<0(>-C1. Jo-ei.h II. Miller.

lP02-i;,-., 1^71-73. Klin* Iluliiii/s

K-iil-O-.. lleiiry C. Allen.

lSiT.-i». Sanuiel GoMor.

I80C, 180S-71P, 1871-75. II. Cliri-

lS67-r.n. Cooml.s Ackl..y.

1870-73. William M. Knudle.

1S71-73. Thnnms Mnrpliy.
; 1874-75, 1877-78. Frederick I\.:

1874. David Garton.

1875, 1877-82. George F. Clark.
' 1877-81. Saniiiol Dniihaiu,

H7!i-S2. Samuel Henry.

ISOa J^»el F. Lanptey.
1801-52. John 3I»yb..w.
18.M, 1858-02. J.im. 5 P. Gartoii.
1S51-55. Pnvlil V. M. .Sllll-.h.
U.-.C. William Eloell.
1857. McKeiidry P.lcbniaD.
Is63-&i, 187l'-71, lo7D. J. Wick
1S65-CG. Car|,or Ricliart.

COXSTABLLS.

1807- CS. Tlumias N. Gaston.

18B'J. Clark Iredell.
1872-73. Daniel Christy.

1874. Thomas Murphy.

1875. Adam Kandle, Jr.
1877-78. Samuel J. Christy.
l.-bU-SI. Clinton Johnson.
1882. William W. Johnson.

'tOWXSIIIP St PERIXTEXDENTS.
1800-04. J. Sbeppard Whltakcr. 1?07. Charles F. Hilchi
1865-60. Elmer D. tlirlsty.

JVDCn.« OF ELECTION.

1850,1854. Michael Oxonbaker.
1801-53. Raiiincl Golder.
184.V.'.6. Peter Deal.
1807, lv-.'.i-61. J.>lili S. WaH.>n.
l.».iS. Ml.rhael Potter.
l«C2-«4. John Gullible.
IS'lVOC, 1S71. Jac.ib llitrl,

1872. Hiram ilrani.-.
1872. Thomas Murphy.
187:1-74. David G.irlon.
1875. Daniel Cbiisly.
1877-7^. Lhvool H. Loper.
1879-82. David llcckett.

Sr.

JC.<Tiri:s or the peace.

T. Humphrey. ■ ItOO. William B, liogera.

It M. Hitch- l*';s, 1S73. KirharJ I.ancr
1S8I. William W.OoMer.

• 1^

SUllVEVOHf ■
l.«,V>-.-,.-. Midiael Oxenbaker.
UV(-:.2. James II. Trencliard.
1S03, 180r>-0~, 180l)-'j5. Matthias

Mltchiier.
1804-Oi, 18C1/-70. Saniu£l Hcwey.
1804-.'.5 .Tohil IIueiie«.
185i^'.S. John .S. WaWoii.
18.'9. Jumea Knltd|.\

)V HICHWAVS.

1850. Daniel ITitclinor.

1-ClJ. Mi.-hacl Potter, Jr.

ISi-.I. Lemuel I'arvin.
', 1802-72. Adam Kan.llc.

1871. James Gardner.
' 1872-75, H77-82. .Mill Ackl.y.

1874-75,1,177-82. .lames K. Pit'

TOWNSHIP OF riTT^GKOVE.

467

CHrnniE::.

Olivet Methodist Episcopal Church. — Olivet
Metliodist EpiscDi'al Cliuroli wars fouiiJed in IT'^S,
:ind a liouse of worship was soon tlioreafter orectei,
which was rebuilt in lSol,an<l is yet slaiulinL: iu
pood condition, a large wooden structure of the plain,
old-fashioned kind.

This church is on the charge which includes it
and the Elmer and Friendship Churches, and which,
until 1S43, was connected with a large circuit, and
was ministered to by circuit-riders.

The first regular pastor was l^cv. ^[atthias German,
in ISi'i. The following mentioned have been his
successors in the order named : Revs. Noah Edwards,
Joseph Atwood, John \V. McDougall, Joseph Gas-
kell, .VUraham Gcarhart, Levi J. IJoads, Cliarles W.
lleiiley, Saoiucl Hudson, Joseph Sunimerill, James
Morell, Samuel Johnson, Charles W. llcisley, H. S.
Norris, M. C. Su.kes, Edward H. Dourelle, J. 15.
Turjiin, J. IJ. Hilennian.

The fallowing are the present trustees: Frederick
Eft, Joseph II. Miller, Jacob Wick, Henry K. Dubois,
Daniel H. Eft, David Hitchner.

Willow Grove Methodist Episcopal Church.—
At Willow Grove, on the eastern border of the town-
ship, is a small wooden church which all'ords a place
of worship to a Methodist society, the members of
which live in the neighborhood and in adjacent jiarts
of Cumberland County. Meetings have been held
there with more or less regularity for .some years.
The lack of records prccludei the i)0ssibility of en-
tering more into detail concerning this organization.

Methodist Episcopal Church at Elmer.— Since
I'^Vi Elmer has boen the abiding-place of the pastors
of the charge, including, at this time, the Elmer,
Friendshij), and Olivet Cliurchcs. There was oc-
casional iiroaching in the sthool-house for many
years, and for some time prior to 1S03 regular Sun-
day evening services were held there.

In 1S68 the erection of a frame church was begun,
which, with the lot on which it stands, cost about
eight thousand five hundred dollars. The basement
was ready for occu|«ancy and was dedicated in Feb-
ruary, l.^Gl». The upper part was finished and dedi-
cate<l in May, 1.S71. The first deilication was by Kov.
0. W. Hcisley, the second by Kev. II. S. Norris.

The pastors since the erection of the church have
been Itcvs. C. W. Heisley, H. f'. Norris, M. C. Stokes,
Edward H. Deurello, J. B. Tiirpin, and J. II. Ililen-
man, the present incumbent. Previous to the date
mentioned services were conducted by the jiastors of
the charge above referred to, whose names are given
elsewhere.

The present trustees arc Henry Coons, William
Marshall, William Overs, Hufns W. Pmith, Samuel
Christy, Clinton .folinson, Jo-eph M. Garrison.

The Elmer Presbyterian Church.— The Elmer
Presbyterian Church, was organized in November,
ISTO, with the following constituent members: Calvin

Anderson and wife, V>'illiam Middleton, William
Erwin and wife, Mi-s. Joseph .lones, Mrs. William
Heighten, Miss Maggie Curry, Theodore Rogers and
his wife and two daughters, and Ellis W. IVdrick and
his wife and (wo daughters.

Prior to June. IS.Sl, the chuicli was niinisleroil to
by supplies, and it has never had a regularly installed
pastor, though Rev. AVilliam D. Smith was a resident
minister from June, ISSl, to June, 18^2, when he was
succeeded by Rev. H. R. Randall.

A fine frame church was buill in ISSOand LSSl, and
dedicated in September of the latter year.

The present board of trustees is composed as fol-
lows : Dr. A. I). Woodruir, Dr. C. F. Hitchner, Wil-
liam H. Hitehnpr, E. C. Harris, Ellis W. Pedrick.

Divine Worship at Centretou. — .V building now
standing in the outskirts of tlie village of Ceiilreton
was erected by Jeremiah .Stall for use as a meeting-
house for such of the citizens of Centreton and vicinity
as might desire to gather there from time to time.
Falling into disuse as a church it was presented by
Mr. Stull to Grotto Lodge, No. G9, I. 0. 0. F., by
which body it has since been occupied as u lodge-
room.

Burial-Places, — The old burying-gr.mnd in the
rear of Olivet Methodist Episcopal Church, north of
Centreton, is deserving of historical record. Here
lie the bones of many who died in this township more
than a century ago, the headstones to some of these
graves being so ancient as to render their inscriptions
illegible.

Educational. — The earliest schools in this town-
ship were kept in log houses, and were similar to the
"select" school., of a later date. These were followed
by the public schools, which were at first conducted
on the tuition system. Under the public school law
of New Jersey the township is divided into seven dis-
tricts, known and numbered as follows:

1)4, Elmer; C-j, Greenville; 6C, Centreton; 07,
Upper Neck; OS, Lower Neck; (i'.t. Charity; 70,
Good Hope.

VILI..\GKS AXD II.KMLETS.

Elmer. — The most important jioint in Pittsgrove,

■ in a bu.-incss sense, is Elmer, on Muddy Run, at the

junction of the West Jersey and Salem Railroads,

nearly on the boundary line between Pittsgrove and

Ujiper Pittsgrove. It was formerly called Pitlstown.

Improvement and growth began at the jjicsent

lower part of the village, that now important portion

lying upon and near the tv.'O railroads nienlioncd not

having come prominently into existence until the

construction of the AVest .Jersey Railro.id, whicii was

' opened in 3802 between Woodbury and I'ridgeton.

The nucleus of llie town was the old log grist-mill,

in tlic lower part of the village, elsewhere referred to.

The "old red tavern" was built at so early a date

that the name of its builder cannot be recalled. It

was kept sixty years ago by Enos Silhcns, and later

• by Henry Hustcd, Isaac Elwcll, Mrs. Cath.iriiie Cox,

4es

UISTORY OF SALEM COUNTY.

Wharton Elwell, Samue! Langlcy, and others, and
nbaudom-d and torn down as nuu-li as twenty-five
years ago, nt'ter having been occupied as a store by
Samuel Langiey, and as a sumac-factory by Josejili
Jones.

A store was kept half a century or more ago by
John Lojier, whose successors have been Samuel
Eiley, Joseph Jones i^ Sons, I. & C. Johnson, Daniel
Hitchner, James M. Eeed, James M. Kced & Son,
and, since the «i>ring of 1SS2, Aubrey Heed.

A store was opened about twenty-five years ago at
the lower end of the village by John S. Watson, and
by liim sold to Jo>.'-]ih Jones, who replaced the old
building by a new one, in wliich be carried on a
business in connection with that at his " upper"'
store. Some years ago he sold the enterprise to
Johnson & Christy, who leased the building, and
continued the business until succeeded by William
Ji)hnson, in ISSl. In the fall of the .-:une year Mr.
Johnson was succeeded by David Nichols.

About the time cjf tlie completion of the West Jer-
sey Railroad Messrs. StranfriV: .\ckley opened a store.
They were succeeded by Hiram Strang. A store was
Ojiened by Mrs. Elizabeth Smith, wlio succeeded her
husband in charge of the village pojt-oflice during
the late war, and h.is held the office since. Her son,
Ttufus Smith, is now a partner in the business. An-
other store was established by ls:i;ic Joiinson some
years ago. The store of George II. Woodriilf is of
later ilate.

The first drug-store was opened by Hitchner &
Iszard, who were succeeded by Hitchner & Hanes,
and they in turn by T. J. W. riiillips. A second
drug-store is that of Julius Wiko.\. Other mer-
chants iti various lines are J. W. Darber, dealer in
hiirdware, tin, and stoves; Cochran .t Surrnn, dealers
in agricultural implements; Steclman & Wentzell,
clothiers; George Grotchen, tobacconist ; and Lizzie
Hitchner and Sarah IJerry, milliners.

T!ie tavern at the lower end of the village was
built, and for some years kept, by I>aiic Jolinson.
Among subsequent landlords may be mentioned
Jesse V. Dilks, Jolm Stephenson, Hope Williams,
Hiram Strang, iJrown, Uurzillai I'rickett, Wil-
liam Kate, Piruigstcin, and Oliver P. Hitchner,

the present occupant. A re->taurant and boarding-
house is kept by James Vansant at the upper end
of the village.

There havi- been many successive wlieelwrifrhts,
blacksniillii, and sboeniukcrs in the village witliin
the memory of the oldest inhabitant. The jircsent
represeutatives of these crafts are K. E. Long and
Dennis Rodden, wheelwrights; David Beckett, Wil-
liam Long, and Thomas 1'. Rogers, blacksinitiis;
Ca'jper Pfefer, William Coblentz, and Thoma.-j P.
Wriggins, ^bllemakers.

The resident professional men arc Drs. WoodruiT,
Hitchner, and Cliecnian ; and Abraui Cochran, at-
torney.

Business interests of Elmer not previously referred
to are the foHowin!;: William Johnson's and John
Ackley's gri,-t-niills, John Aekley's steam saw-mill.
Josepli Gibson's marble-yard, Selli Loper's hiaiber-
ya.'d, the spindie-factory of Hitchner & Colling lin
course of erection), the harncss-slio|> of \S'illiani 11.
Kirby, Jonaihaii Brooks' and Erank Beckett's meat-
markets, the dairy of James B. Anthony, Charles
Surran's livery-stable, a harber-slio|), and Icwer en-
teiprises. A canning-factory was formerly in opera-
tion here.

Elmer is situated in the midst of a very fine farm-
ing country. It is retidered attractive by its nrai
dwellings, well-graded streets, and an abundance 'it
shade-trees and shrubbery. The beautiful lake on
the eastern boundary has a bold shore, and alfords
good angling, boating, etc. The village is a growing
one, the citizens being enterprising, and having al-
ready formed a Board of Trade, that ofl'ers, free of
rents, desirable locations near tlie station to jiarLijs
starting manufacturing purposes. Rent aud taxes
are reasonable, aud labor |)leuly ; churches, seliooN,
and society are upheld strictly. The many trains
north and south give the village considerable ;ic-
tivily, and [irovido facilities to reach the prominent
points of the country v.ilb but little delay. Tliis vil-
lage was named in lionor of Judge L. Q. C. Elmer, of
Bridgeton, who wa.- instrumental in securing the
establishment of its post-office.

Centreton, sometimes called Cenlreville, is a sm:ill
village on Muddy Run, at its oonfluencc with Indian
Brook, seventeen miles southeast from Salem. It
contains one store, a hotel, a school-house, a former
church edifice, a giist-mill, a saw -mill, a wagon-.>-liop,
and a blacksmith-shop, and has a i>opulation esti-
mated at two hundred and fifty.

A tavern was kept in Centreton early by a man
named Co.\. Some of his successors liave been Abra-
ham Slidl, Thomas Whittaker, Daniel Bowen, Jolni
W. Hunted, Frederick Eritz, and the present occu-
pant, Samuel F. Pancoiust.

An early merchant was Isaac Abbott. George
Carpenter built, and for many years kept, a store.
'I'homas Wiiiltaker opened a store, and after a time
James II. Trenuhard became Ids partner. After the
death of Mr. Whittaker, John Couch engaged in
trade at the old stand. His successors have been
diaries & Brooks, Clark Iredell, and Richard U.
.Miller, the present merchant.

Of blacksmiths and wheelwrights there have been
several. For some time these crafts have been rep-
resented in the Golder family, the pie-.ent blacksmith
being Williain Golder, Est]., and the present wheel-
wright, J. W. Golder. The grist-mill and saw-mill
elsewhere referred to arc the property of Charles D.
Moore.

Formerly considcrabio businc-s was done nL Ccm-
tn.ton, and it was a point of more than its present
importance.

TOWNSHIP OF PITTSGROVK.

469

Palatine is :i slatinn oa tlie Ikiilgi-ton Branch of
the Wcst Jersey llailro^d, in the souihwesterii part
of the towiisliip. It ciint:iins a depot, a small store,
and a few dwellings, the population not exceeding
fifty, all told.

Bradway. — I5y this name is known a hamlet in the
-ou!he:u-tern part of the township, the chief claim of
which to distinction is that it is a station on the New
Jersey Southern Kailroad.

Willow Grove is a country neighhorhood on Mau-
rice Kivcr, on the eastern border of the townsliip,
containing a church, a school-house, and a few dwell-
ings.

Industrial. — The earliest industrial enterprises
were the first of the numerous grist- and saw-mills
which have been erected in this township.

The grist-mill at the lower end of Elmer, formerly
called Lower Piltstown, was built at an early date by
a man whose name cannot now be ascertained. It
was originally constructed of cedar logs, but it was
rebuilt, more than half a century ago, by John Pym,
who erected the long-faniiliar frame building. It has
since been owned succe>.sively by Johnson & Adcock,
Isaac Johnson, John Johnson, and the present pro-
joietor, William .Johnson, grandson of Isaac and son
of John Johnson. It has been several times reno-
vated and recon>tnicted, is provided with three runs
of stones, and has steam-power, which is n.«ed only
during times of low water.

The Centrclon grist-mill was built some time in the
last century by Jeremiah Stowell, who also built a
saw-mill, and for a time liad a carding- and woolen-
mill, which he ran in connection with the other mills.
'J'lie carding- and woolen-mill disa))pe:ired long since.
The gristmill and saw-mill have been several times
repaired and remodeled. The property pas-ed into
possession of James H. Trenchard, who was suc-
ceeded in its ownership by Thomas Elwell, and the
latter, in ISSO, by Charles D. Moore. The grist-mill
has three runs of stones, and does a good business.

The Dealtown mill, at Dealtown. a neighborhood
between Centreton and Palatine, was built a few
years ago by Jaiiic< L. Duthtld, its i)resrut operator.
It has three runs of stones, and is fairly patronized by
the surrounding farmers, besides doing a good mer-
chant business. A former mill on this site was built
by Henjamin Haywood, and by him converted into a
hn<k-grinding mill, which wiis abandoned before the
erection of the present grist-mill.

A slock company, organized at Elmer, erected and
put in operation, some ye;irs since, a canning-factory.
For reasons not necessary to mention the enterprise
wjis not successful, and in 1878 the building was sold
to John Ackley, who converted it into a steam gri'^t-
inill of good cni>aeitv, adding a steam saw-mill in
18S2.

A Haw-mill was built on "\Iuddy Ituii, about 1817,
by Lemuel Parvin, and was long since abandoned.
.\nother early saw-niill was known as Creamer's mill.

On its site Enoch and Joel Garrison built a mill about
ten years ago. The following saw-mills are now in
constant or periodical operation in various parts of
the townsliip: John Ackley's, Coombs Ackley's,
.Vckley & Garrison's, George Leach's, AV'illiam Ward's,
James L. Diillicld's, and J. Stevenson's.

Many years ago Joseph Jones had an establishment
at Elmer, where he prepared sumach for market.

A somewhat extensive factory, now in course of
erection at Elmer, is the spindle-factory of Messrs.
llitchner & Cottiiig, about to be removed iVom Upper
Alloways township to that village on account of the
shipping facilities it alVords. This enterprise will
give employment to i\nmerous skilled workmen, and
cannot but add to the importance and population of
Elmer, and increase the prosperity of the entire town-
ship, through the increased market which it will
create for produce of various kinds. The buildings
of Messrs. llitchner it Cotting will be large and sub-
stantial, and work upon them is progressing rapidly.

About 1S12 an oil-mill was established in this town-
ship. The raising of lla.v, both for the fibre and oil,
was for many years carried on extensively in this and
adjacent townships.

LOnOKS AMI SOCIKTIKS.

Grotto Lodfje, No. 69. I. 0. 0. F., of Centreton.
—This lodge was instituted Dec. 30, 1847, with the
following charter members: J. Slieppard Whittaker,
James II. Trenchard, James Johnson, George W.
Husted, and .'pinion Hawthorn.

The first olPicers were J. Slieppard Whittaker, N. G.;
James H. Trenchard, Y. G. ; James Johnson, Sec;
George W. Uu-ted, A. Sec. ; Simon Hawthorn, Treas.

The following have been the successive Noble
Grands:

H. Troncli.irii.

Slo

I IlawIlK

Kiluiund Diiboi*.
S«inii«l Goldor.
EUian Trcnchnri!.
Jolin W. IlUfstwl.
Elwell Nichols.
F.phrHini Garriftou.
Georgp X. Ropeni.
TheoJvro Boxers.
Vre.J.rick Fox.
Jan.es S. Siinkins.
Hiram Hnglics.
H. C. Alli-n.
Jiicob I'.. Sltin;p.
Gidfun B. Carm.iii.
R.tcrt Elwell.
Daniel 11 .Mijl.cw.
William B. Trciicliard.
Clark Iri-!vll.
^Vi!li^l.l H. I.Mrd.
All/.irt J. Ilarker.
Allen S. Camian.

Isra.l Druwii.
Th.inias Mun'hy.
Wllliain W. Colder.
Johu U. Tborp.
)lol.ert Golway.
Jacob r>alling<!r.
Jamoft Burrouglts.
AdaDi Handle.
George II. Deal.
Thouiaa W. lliislcd.
Jumca Cnii;;.
Joseph I*. Eiuiktna.
Jullua Wilcox.
David N. Creamer.
K. B. Miller.
Peter N'lchol5.
Thonjaa KeeTe, Jr.
Luke Soo,v.
Tl.ojias 51. Bai lacliff.
Geou;-: C. Shell.
John H. Paris.
laiL-icSigars.
Williiin. .M. OtI.

The officers in September, 1882, were Samuel Cal-
kin, N. G. ; Prank Seabrook, Y. G. ; J. W. Goldcr,
Sec. ;• Frederick Fo.\, Trea^^.

Elmer Lodg-e, K. of P.— This lodge was in^fitii'-ed
Feb. IG, 187o. The fir.-t oHicers were Seth Loper,

470

HISTORY OF SALEM COUNTY.

C. C; Andrews Uidgwiiy, V. C; Dr. William H.
liziird, P. C. ; John Tliorp, Sec. ; .\oi;Uuiin Cothein.
M. of 1". The iirer'ent otTicors i^'cpteiiibor, ]S>^2) arc
Henry Ackley, C. C. ; Adam Kandle, V. C; Thomas
C. Curry, P. C. ; Joseidi .M. llitilmer, tfoc.

Union Grove Division, No, 74, S. of T.— Up.ion
Grove Division of tlic Sijjis of Tcinperaneo was or-
ganized at Khner, Aug. 2S, JS17, with tlio following
charter members: Joseph Newkirk, Moses Riehnuin,
Jr., Jotieph Jones, J. F. I.angley, William 15eeket.
Richard 15. Howard, Charles 11. Greg, Samuel D.
Hitchner, David Sithens, John Mayhew, Jo>ei>h A.
Swing, and Jeremiah M. Evoringham. The follow-
ing officers were serving iu September, 1SS2: Julia
Woolman, W. P.; Susan Peachy, AV. A.; Louisa
Garwood, R. S. ; Edmund Newkirk, F. S. ; Randolph
McFarland. Treas.

Zelo Lodge, No. 149, I. 0. 0. F.— This lodge was
instituted .\ug. 25, 1S7U, with the following charter
members and ollicers : II. S. Duhois, N. G. ; William
S. Cassady, V. G. ; William II. Iszard, Sec; Henry
Coombs, Asst. Sec; R. M. lliiehner, Treas. The
l>resent olBecrs arc T. G. Stephenson, N. G. ; A. L.
Steer, Y. G. ; Willian« H. Kirby, Sec; A. Cochran,
Treas.

A Sad Tragedy.— On Jan. 7, lSo3, in Pittsgrove,
a most distrc.-.<ing casualty occurred in the family of
Mr. f21am Foster. While talking about the ap-
proaching execution of Treadway at Salem, a little
son inquired of his father how people were hanged.
The father took a handkerchief and putting it around
his son's neck showed him. Some time .ifterward<, in
the absence of his parents, the boy took a handker-
chief and proceeded to experiment with an inlant si.s-
ter lying in the cradle, and sn-.pended her until she
was dead.

Electing, and for six years of the Monthly Meeting',
and fur many years superintendent of First Day .Alctt-
ing at Wood^town. He is a trustee of the Walnut
Grove .School, in I'pper Pittsgrove township, iis ;il>.i
of the Bacon .\cademy, of Wuodstov.:i, which jiisi-
tion has been held for several years.

Mr. Woolman was a faithful supporter cf the V.c-
publican i>ariy until 1S78. Au honest, earnest lover
of the huinaii race, his maiden ballot was east acraiiisi
slavery, and while a vestige of that institution re-
mained he never failed by voice or vote to oppose it.
When, however, that contest was over he did not lay
down his armor, but enlisted in tlie warfare against
the rum traffic.

For a long time Mr. Woolman labored on in the
belief that the party of his choice would array itself
against the "gigantic crime of crimes." I'Mndin^'
himself again and again disappointed, he severed
his allegiance from his party in 1S78, and, with a few
others, became the nucleus of the Prohibilion party
in his county. A ticket was nominated that fall, and
Mr. Woolman was chosen as their candidate for .As-
sembly in the First District of the county. The next
year, contrary to his wi^'les, he was again nomiiiated
for the same oflice, and the greatly increased vole
proved the confidence of the people in his ability and
integrity.

In the following year, ISSH, he was made the nom-
inee of his party for Congiess. Two years later he
again served the cause of temperance by permitting
himself to be renominated. He received at that elec-
tion nearly six times as many ballots .is were c:'.st for
him two years before. During the five years that he
has labored with the Temperance party in his State
and county he has always proved mild and conser-
vative in counsel, but positive and unswerving in
action.

BIOGUAPllICAL SKETCHES.

REUBEN AVOOI,.MA.\.

Reuben Woolman, the subject of this biographical
sketch, is the son of a tanner, and of English ances-
try. His grandfather came to Salem from Burling-
ton County in lSO-5. He was born in the village of
AVoodslown, X. J., Oct. 16, 1S37, and received his
educational training at home, with the excei)tion of
a term at Swain's boarding-^chool, in Chester County,
Pa. In 1807 he began active life as a teacher in Salem
County, and continued thus Cini)loyed for a period of
two years.

He was, in lSfi2, married to Miss Rebecca W.,
daughter of Richard .Alatbck, of Eidridges Hill,
'Salem Co. Their children are Marii.ell, Julia T.,
Hamlin, Alexis E., John M., Joseph, and Abbie.

^Ir. Woi>lnian in his religion ipiedilection adheres to
the creed ami worship of the Society of Friends. He
wa.s for four years clerk of the Preparative Friends'

MlClfAEL ITiTXrit.

Mr. Potter is the son of Henry Oxinboker, who
emigrated from Germany to .America, and his wife,
Christine Mooney, who was a residrnlof the northern
part of New Jersey. Th-i former was a potter by
trade and known as " Henry the Potter," from which
his later name was derived. Their son Michael w;us
born in 17S4, and is consequently in his one hun-
dredth year. He erected his present home in ISll,
and has since that date resided on the same sjiot.
During tliat year he was married to his wife,. ]..yd'a,
who died June 2o, 16G3. To this marriage were born
the following children : John W. Potter (deceased),
Matthias 11. Potter, Jacob Potter, Henry Potter,
Emeline Pancoast, Hannah Kandle (decejused),
Eiihraini K. Potter (deceased), Charlotte Suarp,
Lydia A. Clark, Michael Potter, Jr., and Janirs K.
Potter.

The ensuing table, computed by one of his friend-,
perpetuates .some most interesting facts regarding his
family and descendants.

^/C- ^^c^ry-^e^i^^ /X^'-^t'^S-z-c^-

/%*s • ...

S ^':,^ \ 1

li. M. HITCH NKIi.

">\,

~^^^/£^

L/ClyC^J.

TOWNSHIP OK QUINTOX.

471

ChilJren

6-c- KS. <■

Li>ius

I'ra.l

>lUl.^.rll'..II.M.¥r

l.T.ii^ IVII.T

.1' \\. l'..Urr

.._ I'-

■li 1
1"^ 1
;i

3^1

M r, PutJor

■laci^b Pt>IIf-r_

..." ^

ll.aimh KimJle

.... 11

ll.'nrv V.f.wr

•"'

K:n.liii<- I'MMCCI'I ;.

... 11

r. K. I'..lt.r

... 3

rl,:„|,!f.-li«rp

.... li

Lvdi.i A. I'lark

)1 I'oll^r.Jr

.... 12

,1. K. l'..<l.-r_.

.... 3

81 2

101

Of ilia I'vins rtp-f«eiitatn

a the-e are

biuu ir

Smil and daiil;T)tf i^

Suin-ii, Un nad u»ilglit>r> i

hlax

GralMlchililrili

O'l

Great ^niitUliil In^n

„

Griiit-groal f:r»iM hildtvii

■-

Tolnl livlnj,

191

Tubildeid

Grand total dc5^rndaul5....

.. '2i5

iu his political t'aitli a strong Deinocr.U, lias tound
lime, asitk" from !iis fnriiiin;r cin|>K)yinents, to devote
to the juiliiio service, anil has in lii< various otlicial
po-<itions ac<iuiucct himseli" witli ability. He lias
scTved as notary public, coinuiissioner ol' decls, jus-
tice ot" the peace tor a period 0.*" twenty conMciirn o
years, and helii various township oflices. He has
also been surveyor and conveyancer since his twrnty-
tirst year. His business capacity and legal knowl-
edsre are IVeqnciitly called into rcipiisition in the aJ-
justnienl of estates. Squire Hitchner has not only
wilnesrcd, bui participated in the growth and devel-
opnienl of liis native town, and been an extensive
dealer in real estate. His enterprise and business
i capacity have placed him among the foremost citi-
zens of his township.

Mr. Potter for forty years followed the business of
floating lumber, an occupation which developed ex-
traordinary ])oweis of endurance, and conferred upon
him a reputation as the most agile and skillful wrest-
ler of his day. He was a inililia olBcer in the Third
Company of the Salem Brig.ide during the war of
1.S12, but not called into active service. He has lived
tlirongh the term of every President of the United
Slates with the exception of the l>rcsent one. and has
seen the administration of twenty-ouc Presidents.
He was born three years and Iw^i months before the
adoptiou of the Constitution, and has handled many
dollars of the Continental money, some of which he
lias retained. Mr. Potter is in his political creed a
ihoruugh Democrat, and as firm an exponent of the
principles of the party as when he first voted the ticket.
He is in hi? religious belief a Methodist, and was for
more than sixty years se.xtoa of thccliurcli of which
he is still a memb.T. He has been accustomed to wel-
come hi.s numerous family on the anniversary of his
birth, and on these occasions exhibits unusual vigor
of mind and bodv.

ROKERT -M. HITCHNER.
Sfjuire Hitchner is the son of David Hitchner, a
farmer, whose ancestors were of German dv-cent, and
was born at Elmer (formerly Pittstowni, Salein Co.,
Feb. 20, 1S2S. Uis education was derived from the
common schools of the neighborhood, after which he
engaged in the labor of the farm. At the age of
nineteen he becanie a teacher, and for .-ix successive
years followed this pursuit during the winter months.
He was in 1S50 marrie^l to Miss Elizabeth A.,daug!!
tcr of Sr.niuel Garri--oii, and is the father of cliildreii,
— .Josejdi M., who was educated at the .South Jersey
Iristitute, in Bridgcton, and has been for ten years
tclr;»raph operator and agent of the West Jersey
Pailroad Company at Elmer Station ; John F., a
fKvmer, married to Mi~s Rebecca Garwood, whose
children are Elsie atid ISlanchc ; and Phebe C, mar-
ried to Omer il. Newkirk. Squire Hitchner, who is

Cir.^ULE!? P. ATKIX?OX.

Charles P. Atkinson, son of Abbot and Mary At-
kinson, was born in Dcerfiold, Cumberland Co., Jau.
29, 1S27. His ancestors belonged to the Society of
Friends. His lather was of English descent, and by
occupation a farmer. His education, previous to en-
tering upon his medical studies, was obtained in the
schools of his neighborliood. In the spring of ISfiJ
he graduated from the Philadelphia University of
Medicine and Surgery. He immediately began, and
still continues, the practice of his profession. In
ISOO he married Phiebe, daughter of David and
Kuth Van Meter, of Pitl.'grove township. They
liave three children, — Kuth Anna, Charles Summer-
field, and Frank T. Charles S. married Mary E.,
daughter of Thompson N. Garton, by whom he h?.s
one daughter named Koginia.

In the spring of 187S, Dr. Atkinson became inter-
ested in the study of politics. .-V convert to the jirin-
ci|des of the Greenback party, he w.is by them
nominated the next fall for the .Assembly. Inl>Sl
he was their candidate for the .Slate Senate, and for
four years has been chairman of their county organi-
zation. Both as a worker and as a writer in the
Greenback cause, he has proved himself a man of
spirit and ability. He has been for forty-one years
a consistent member of the Methodist I2pi>copal
Church. His family at the present lime are all re-
siding with him at Palatine, Salem Co.

CilAPTEJl LXXIII.
TOWXGHll' OF i;UIN"TO.N-.i

Statistical. — l^uinton contains l.'5,52.3 acres, and
its farms number 127. In ISSO it had a population of
1392. Its financial statistic-i in 1881 were as follows:

1 By If. O. Kolfe.

HISTORY OF SAL1:M COUNTY.

Valuiition o! rc.il o-i:ito. ^""■>.o77 ; v:ilii;iiioi) of p<.r-
soiial [ir(>per:y. :2-2>').-2'2: lot;il JcSt. ^ll'j.i'-O!' ; vov.rf.
SCI; ]>oll uix. >0o'. ; scliool tax, >lo3'J; coumy i.ix,

Geographical and Descriptive.— ijuinton is-iiu-
atcii ill tile siiiuliL'rn part of ilie county, aiv.i i>
bounded north by ?[atinin^tou, norlliea<t by I'ppor
Allouays Cicik. soiithe;i<t by ^tow Crock iCunibcr-
laiiil County:, aiid .«outluvist aiul west by I,ow> r
Alloway.v Creek.

The Icngtli ol" Quinton from jioriluvc?t to soutli-
ea.<t i; about eijUt uii'.cs; its bic.uJth is about three
Eiile? ami a half. The soil is of the clayey and ^all•Jy
loam coninioii to this section of llie county, aud a
variety of veiretables, cereals, and fruits are #ucce^s-
fully grown. In various localities are sand- and
gravel-pit< and niari-beds. Tiie surface is generally
level, but is marked in the ceiitic by slight eminences,
known as Borden's and Turiii]p Ili'ls.

Alloways Crock crosses the norlherii part, and Stow
Creek is formed ou its southern border by the junction
of Horse and Sarah Kuns with the stream which is
its source proper. Deep liun just cuts its enstern
border, north of its centre, and other small streams
aid iu ili draiiiacre.

Settlement." — Tobias Quinton, in honor of whom
this township was named, was one of the early emi-
grants to Tenv.ick's colony. He purchased a larse
tract of land, embracing the present village of Quinton
south of Allowaya Creek, and another e.Ktensive tract
adjoining. lie died in 170.5, leaving a son, Edwiird.

Farther down the stream Richanl Jolinson bousrht
five hundred acrci, and he owned other considerable
tracts at Salem and el-ewbere in the county. When
a young man. in lt'.7o, he landed at I'ort Elsborg lin
Elsinboro) from the s-hip '' Joscpli and lieiijamin."
He was a man of ability, and at ditl'ereni times ren-
dered great assistance to the Proprietor. In ICSJ he
married Mary Orover, at Salem. They had three
children. Mr. Johnson died in 171f', and his property
passed to his son, Kobcrt .Johnson. I: has p.xssed out
of the possession of the family, and is now nio-tlv
owned by Tlioi!ia> Y'orke, Samuel Keltv, and Hires
& Co.

Adjoining the Johnson tract Ji;Iin Chandler ov.ned
two hundred and fifty acres, which he obtained by
piircha.se from Fenwick.

South of the Chandler tract, and e.'itendiiig to the
Cumberland County line. Nathaniel C. Hancock
owned one thousand acre.~.

Ea-'t of Quintoirs Bridge, one or more nicmbers of
the Walker fan»ily bought a goo.ily tract, part of
which is ill the possession of one branch cjf the family
at this time.

South of the village, in the latter part of the la~t
century, Capt. William Sniith pot>e^sed considerable

1 Mucli
Slii^artJj*.

.l.Tijl in llil< artirlo n:vj cjntribut-l I y Tin

land, which lu had inhoriud from hi~ fatiior. a giirl
--l.are of which is now owned by his <icsn iid.i!i;-.
(."ajH. Wilii;a!i Siiiith commanded a company of I'.-.i
American iiiilitia which led the advance when th..
British troops vjuanered at Judge Smith's house, oc
the north side of Quinton's r.ridgo, were attacked by
order of Cols. Hand and Holme. He was forced u
retreat, however, there being a greater luiniber of the
enemy's troops in ambuscade than his coiiiir!:indcr
anticipated, bi;t be accomplished his retreat with
credit, and to the satisfaction of his superior ofllcer-.
His horse wa? shot and killed under him during tlir
engagement.

Among those owning land on the north side of llic
creek, bordering on the line between Quinton aiil
Lower Alloways Creek townships, w.as William J'yler,
who, as early as loS-1, purchased seven hundred aiiJ
lifty acre-" of Edward and Priscilla Fenwick Cijamp-
ncy, which remained in possession of the Tyler family
for five generations.

Tyler was a native of England. He brought with
him the following certificate of character and stand-
ing: '"Whereas William Tyler, of Walton, in the
county of Somerset, yeoman, intends to transporl
hinwelf and family into the province of Pennsylva-
nia, III .\.mcrica, if the Lord will, and has desired a
certificate on iiis behalf. We. therefore, whose names
are subscribed, do herebv cerlify that the said Wil-
liain Tyler hath jirofcssed the truth for several years
past, and that v,e do not know but thai his convcr-a-
tion hath been answerable to his profession, and that
we do know that ho hath been ready aud willing to
contribute to the service of truth, as opportuniiy
hath t'llered and occa-^ioa re']uired, and that as to Li^
dealings with the world he li.as been punctual and of
good report as far as any of us know or have heard,
and we know nothing of debts or other entangle-
ments on his part, but that he may with clearness
pro-ccute his intended voyage. In testimony u hereof
we have hereunto subscri'oed our hands. Dated t!ie
eleventh day of the Seventh month, called September.
in the year lOo-o. Signed by Edward Chanyles, Wil-
liam Liddtn, Thomas Howell, Jolm W. Kidder, and
ten others.'"

He was a farmer and tanner, and is thought to
have died in 1701, his will having been made early
in 1700, and witnessed by William Hall and John
Firth. His dc-sccudants became well-known citizens
of Quinton and a>ij"ining tovi'iiihips.

East of the Tyler purcliase, bordering on tlic
creek, D.miel, son of John Sniith, of Aniblebury,
bought one thousiind acres. He built and livcJ on
the property that was owned by the late Ann Simp-
son. He had three sons. Job.!, the eldest, inlu rittd
the homestead. Daniel Sniith, Jr., owned a large
f.irm :;djoiniiig. He was oije of the follower* "f
Cieorgo Keith, ar.d afterwards became a I'aj. ';■>:.
None of the iiaine !iow owns any portion of the orig-
inal purehxse.

TOWNSHIP OF QUINTOX.

473

One of llic Ciirly En'jli.-<li iiiimi>:r:iiits was Abncr
Pemoii, who bought urie tliousaiiil acres of the Pro-
pri'.'tor.

In llie south I'iin of the- town.-^hii', lionUriiig on
Ciinibcrtrind Coun'y, was a small and scattering settle-
ment of tlie Seventh-Day l)a].tists. I'lominent amon.^
these families were the Ayreses, who were )icrhaps
entitled to the credit of leadership among their pe-
culiar sect. The Davis family has also been promi-
nent in that section durinjr several generations.

Organization.--The following is the first section
of '• An Act to set off a new Township in the County
of Salem, to be called the Township of Quinton ;"

" 1. B« a niacUd I'J the & nntr OK.f CciKml .<«• mfc/j o/ <*« Sl,:te of Xew
Jmnj, That all lli«l p»rl ff tbe luwn«til|i uf L'pi><.T Allo»i\y» CrMk, in
tlie cuiinl)' uf Salfiu, lyin^ within the l«iinil*rie» ami desctiiillun fol-
lowing, to wit: Ik-gioulng at a. coru'i »liire li.e lino of Upper Alio-
vrays Creek lown.-liip aii.l Loner .\ll.iuajaCrr. k t..wu»lilpn.oet un Iho
north BiJe of Alloways Creek, iienr the farm of TlioluM J. Hancock,
running thence norll»»;irJly along ihe prvaout iliviaitiu line between
the caid tonrnshlpe to tho corner where the fonr t<iwn9hi|u of 1'|'1«.t Al-
loways Crctk, Lower AUow.iy* Cr^efc, anu KWnl-jro, anil the lily of
Sniem meet; thence ea.-.tw anlly anti northeast* anlly, fullowinp on the
ptesent dlTidinK line between the townships of Vppi-r Allow»y8 Creek
anil Manuinglon, cro&sin? tlie roHd leading from Salctn to Quinton, and
to the Quaker Neck road to the middle of the ruid lending from Salem
to Allowayalowii, at or ne.ir the villaga of iliddletowu ; tbence in a
I'lUlhextwanlly couiiio p^irallel with th" lonpbuundnry line between the
(owuiihipa of I'pper Allowaye Creek and Lower .MIowaya Greek in a
(tralsht line to the divi«i,.n line between i-.ilem and Cnnibtrland Coun-
ti-Y ; thence sr,uthv.unlir and wcslwnrdly ab>ng the aniJ divl.ion line
I'f said coiintii'S to Ihe C'lrner of the town«!dp' of Uplwr Allouay?
Creek and Ixjwer Allownyt Creek and the county ol Cumberland;
Ihcnco n0Tlliwe«tivar.ily lu R <tiai|:ht line on the long bound.iry line
between the jjaid lown«hIi>d of Upp.'r Ailoway* t.'rcek and Lower Alio-
waye Creek ti> llio n.ittii fl-Ie of .Vlluways Creek; iheiict- down said
deck along the north ride thereof, following Iho »cTeral coaraea of the
Mme, to the plate of btglnnin;;, shall be and hereby Is »el off frODi the
t"wi|.,hip of L'ppcr AlloMayb Creek and nmde a scpar-ite township to tic
cilleJ and kuo»u by Ihe name of *Thc lownship of Qnlnton.'"

This act was approved Feb. 18, 1873.

Civil List. — Tlie first annual township meeting in
•Quinton was held March 14, 1873. The following
civil list, embracing the ))eriod since that date, is
nearly complete, and embodies all the data to be found
in the township records:

1S73. John Anile
1S74-7:.. William

CIIOSEX FREF.nOLl>Fl;S.

1S71-T9. I'liii.i
inp. lSflVt.2. Lewi!

TOW.SS-HIl' C0M511TTEE.

U73-74. Jidin 0. Hiimroeti.
l»7:l-7&. Stephen Smith.
IS73-74. ;<leplica K. Allen.
1073-74. !<ariiuel llackclt.
li>7:t-74. Samue! Patrick.
ns7i-7«. Lowia Schelhle.
1675-77. John Mulbea.
I«7S. ri.ineas Smith.
I'-ii-VJ. Charlea L. Smith.

l>'73-76. Ji^ciali T. irirris.

lS7i5-7S. R.iburt Gri'c.m.
U7tt-77. Charles II. NValker.
1S77-J-U. Iviac Davis.'
1876, l»^0-»2. Vr. A. C. Slfl'li.

BOU.

l'^7:!. Charlm Hlie«.

It: 1-70. William tatrick.

' 1878. r. A. Hannah.

l«79-«i John G. Fi.wser.
I 1K71, 1S«:;. Gilb rt .\yre3.

ASSESSORS.

I 1871»-'<2. Lewis Sj Ivejtcr.

COLLKCl'OR.4.

1S77-7!J. Stephen Smith.
lb7D-S2. Kob.:lt B. Grtscom.

1373-7.1. .Ioi„al.ao ^'|H»1^.
l*"(>-77, l')70. Jmiik L.,un»bijry.
''iSi. Daniel Wliituey.

IfS'j. G.oiperi'.rp-int.
11SI. .lohn ILTrude.
I8«2. Ih'jodnro M. liiic

a-T5. Ilavid 1*. SuMll
0. John G. Ilui:ir.ieli
7-7S. Lewis Sylvesle

OF F.LECTION".

1S79-S1. James K. Fox.
■ 1SS2. Leou-ird Murphy.

OVKRSKER
1S73-75. Jonathiin IMalls.
l!!"f-77, 1S79. Jona=
ISTS. Daniel Whilne;

OF THE IVUIi.

ISfO. Georg« l'ier|iont.
Bbnry. ISSl. .Tohn 11. Trude.

18S2. Theodore M. Uirclin

1S76-79. Al.ner P. Fn
IMO. T.. II. Byrn.

TOWNSHIP CLERKS.

1 l.«81-S2. Hem,

CO.MMISSIOXERS OF APPEAL.

1S7S-82. Chnrles H. Reeves.
1879-Sl. WillLini B. McPhernon.
1SS2. Eli Ilitchner.

lS7fi. Isaac Paris.
lS7t>-77. Evan Jenkins.
ie7i".-82. John Anderson.
Ie77-7f . l"l Ayies.

Public Schools, — Under the operations of the
public-school sy<lcm of New .Teisey, (ininlon town-
ship is divided into four .school districts, known as
Independent District, No. 40 ; Harmony District, Xo.
41; Union District, Xo. 42; and tjninton District,
No. 43.

VILLAGES AND HAMLETS.

ftuinton's Bridge.— The only village in this town-
ship is Quintoii"s liridge, located on Alloways Creek,
in the northern part.

This is an ancient settlement, which was made
famous in the days of the Revolution by events else-
where narrated.

An early merchant was lienjamin Allen, who sold
his stock at auction about 1S15, and who had been
in trade there some years, as is supiiosed. llissno-
cessor was Francis Brewslcr, father of lion. Benjumin
Harris I'rewster, who was born in the village during
his father's busine.ss career there. A man named
Norman became the village merchant about lS-4,
and about 1S25 was succeeded by John II. Lambert,
and Siuuickson Tuft. Their siiceessors have been
as follows, at about the dates mentioned: Diwid
English, 182S; llezekiah Wright, 1832; Jeremiah
Dubois and Edward Van Meter, 1S.3G; Ephiaim C.
Harris, 183'.'; Ephraim C. Harris and Stephen Smith,
1840; Stephen and David P. Smith, 1844; David P.
Smith, 1840; David P. Smith and George Hires, Jr.,
1851; George Hire.s, Jr., ISiJO. This store has since
been owned and managed by the proprietors of the
Quinton (ila.'-s-Works, or members of that firm.

On the west side of the main street James K.
Newell kept a store si.Mv-five years ago or earlier.

In 1871, Mr. S. C. Shcjipard built, and has since
occupied, bis store on the we-t side of the street.

A tavern was early kept on the west side of the
street by Jeremiah Davis, which one or t»vo old resi-
dent.- remember (o ha\e seen illuniiiialod in 1814, in
celebration of the declaration of i)Cace between the
United Stales and Gre.it Hiitain, :iftcr the chtec of
the war of 1812-14. On the east side of the street,

474

HISTORY OF SALKM COUNTY.

Stcplien Smith was an early tavcrn-keopcr. His suc-
cessors were Charles O'Hara, Jertniiah Davi<, Eicii-
rii!-! Davis, and others about the ycais following:
William Yoiins, 1S2!»; Paiel Hoiiham, 1S31 ; Isaac
Wilson, 1'>S4; Samuel Paulin, l.'?:3j; lienjamin Kemp-
ton, ISSG; Jceph Dowcll,lS30; John D. D.\vis.l^41 ;
Georire I>ee, ISl^; William .Smith, l.*ir. ; Washiuirton
Smitii.lSW; William Shimp,18J2; l.rwis Fox, 1S.54;
Daniel Keen, ISofi; Philip Keen, IM'.l ; and Daniel
Keen from ISW until the abolition of license, a few
years since. It is now kept as a temperance house
by Sylvanus >rurphy.

Quinlon now contains two general stores, the an-
cient hosiclry above reforrod to, a wheelwright- and
blacksmith-shop, a Methodist Church, a good public I should form a distinct gospel church. The nami- -.f
school, and the extensive glass-factory of Messrs. Hires i- the following constituent members arc signed to tin
& Co. ' church covenant: Job Sheppard (pastor), Calhariii"

The population is estimated at nearly live hundred, | Shepp:ird, Edward Quinton, Temperance Quint-.ji,
and is largely m-ide up of the operalivc; in the glass- I Kdward Keasbey. Prudence Keasbey, Abuer Sim-,
works and their familits. The village has a cleanly, i Sarah Sims, John Holme, Daniel Smith, Jr., .S.i!,
thrifty, well-to-do appearance, an<l it is the boa.-t of j Smith, Samuel Sims. Joseph Sneathen, John WLi

that the church was constituted. It appears tha; -
17-'>4 the question of seiiaratioii from the C<ili;.ii-. •,
Church and org:ini7.ing a new church at Mill ll-ili..
came U[i for serious consideration. The meiiili<.t< •
the churv-h made an appeal to the nifither-churcli t
that eiVcct. Tlieir bretiircn at C'ohanscy, after Mii:.i.
time fur consideratiou, sent the following answer:

" ■ To our dear brothers in and near .\llou»y8 Ctect;, lioiiig in rl,.,.- •
mrDib'T.itii)) vitli 118 : We, Ibo Church of Christ, ami Colianeey. lia; f.j^ :
upon profi>«5k>n of our faith, hgldins and muintainilig tlic Utplt.;,, ;
(■elievcrs !>}■ inioiersioii, the la>ing on of liands, lh<> rcsuneollon 'f i: .
lK)dy, anii ctfiiial judgment, rotnni this to >uu as our answer.'

"Then followed the consent that the Baptistv <.\
Salem and Alloways Creek, who mot at Mill Hulliv

some of its leading citizens that not a loafer nor idle
man re-ide- within its limits.

ciiinciits.

The Old Baptist Church at Mill Hollow.-- Of
this ancient and long-exlir.ct church Tli(iiiias Shourds
wrote as follows :

"The Baptists of this section were connected with
the church at Cohansey. Timothy Jirooks, pastor of
theCoh:insey Church, jireached occasionally for them

tall, Sarah Smith, Phcbe Smith, Piachel Siie.ilhei:.
Patience James, and Kerenhappuch Blackwi.i.i.
This was the lirst Baptist Ciiurcli constituted within
the present limits of S.alem County. The Bapti-;-
continucd to hold their meetings at Mill Uolluv;
until about 1790, when the old meeting-house w;is
sold and moved into Salem, and used as a barti f.i
several years. The colored Methodists bought i:
finally, and removed it to their lot on Fenwick
Street, where they used it as a place of worship until

np to the time of his death, in ITIU. Their meetings | recently. It stands now in the rear of their n
were frequently held at the house of Edward Quinton.
After the death of nio-t of the old members the new
converts united with the Cohansey Church, and at-
tended the n'.other-church until about the year 1741.
After the membership from the vicinity of Alloways
Creek and Salem became more numerous they pre-
vailed upon Nathaniel Jenkins, p:istor of the Cohan-
scv Church, to come and assist them occasionally.

brick church, and is used at this time as a school l'"r
colored children."'

Seventh-Day Baptists.— In the latter part of tlu-
eighleiMith century :i W'w families who believed tli;r.
the sfveuth day was the Sabbath, and lhertf'»r.-
"kept it holy," settled in the lower part of this town-
ship, and soon erected a frame church, on a hit pur-
chased oil a farm owned by a Mr. Ayars, half a mile

Aliout this time three of the younger members of the j east of the Quinton and Bridgeton turnpike,
church, who lived at Cohansey, Abraham Garrison, A second generation grew up, married, and settle!
Robert Kehey, and Job Shcpjiard, were called to the farther south in Quinton, and in contiguous portion-
ministry, and were permitted to vi^it and preach to 1 of Cumberhmd County, and the building was rei'i<".-C'l
the branches of the church. About this time the i to a lot near the county line; and about thirty-lni
Baptists turned their attention towards building a | ye:irs ago it gave place to the present frame structiiriv
meeting-house. A quarter of an acre of land was with a brick basement, which stands about a huMdrnl
given them by Daniel Smith, Jr., lying between I yards pouthea.st of the former site.
Salem and (Juinton's Bridge, near the King's High- j Successive pastors of this church have been Kev-.
way that led to M.iurice Uiver. The place was called j Davis, Clawson, Crandall, Wheeler, Walter B. <'''•
Mill Hollow, and a meeting-house was built there in j lett (su])ply), Joseph Morton, Randolph, Joseph .M"r-
1743. IntheTwelfth month. 174S, by theurgcntrequci^t ' ton (a second time); and the church, now without -i
of the congregation of the new church, Job Sheppard, ! jiastor, contemplates soon calling a young graduate >■'
their minister, moved his family from Cohansey to the Alfred (New York) University,
what is known at this lime as the township of Quia- I The Sabbath-school numbers eighty scholars.
ton. They held regular meetings every week. It ; Methodist Episcopal Church of ftuiuton. — -
was not until si.-ty-fivc years after the commencement , Mtthodist class was organized in t'Juintoirs \Uwi''

of liaplisl meetings in and around Salem, and twelve : — —

vears after tlii-v had built theirchnrch at Mil! Hollow, i t Hutoor of Fenwickv Colony. p!i.4o»-io: S!lol.^^l^ 1670.

TOAVNSHTP OF QUINTOX.

■175

ill ISol, by Kov. J. B. Graw, then pastor of tbe South
>!rcct Motliotlijt Churcli of Salem. Later liev. C.
H. Brown ht-lil special ineeliii-rs in llie school-house,
wliicli resulted in the a lilition of a number of mem-
bers to tiie class.

In ISG'.l a cliurch was built under the management
(if Rev. John S. G;iskill, who .supplied the pulpit
three years, and was followed by Rev. C. W. Corson,
v.ho, after remaining a year and a half, was tr.ins-
ferred to the New York Conlerence.

During the succeeding six months the church was
without a regular preacher, but the pulpit was sup
j.liod by local jireachers, and a series of meetings was
conducted by lienjaaiin Junes, of Hridgeton. The
pastor of the' AUowaystown Church, Rev. John l'>.
Westcoal, filled tbe pulpit one year. He wa.s suc-
ceeded by Kov. C. AV. MaUbuary, who served one
year. The next pastor was Rev. C. P. Cassaboou,
who remained three years. Revs. X. J. Wright,
J. L. Nelson, and William Burley followed, each re-
maining one year ; Rev. C. R. Smith, two years ; and
the present pastor, Rev. D. Stewart.

The house of worship thus far in u.se has recently
been torn down.- and a new one is iu course of erec-
tion, which will be larger and more convenient.

This organization numbers one hundred and four-
teen members, and the Sunday-school in connection
therewith has an average attendance of one hundred
scholars.

Berry's Chapel. — By this name is known a small
chapel in this township, where a scattering colored
population hold occasional meetings.

Qtiinton Giass-Works. — The above mentioned is
the piincipai and nearly the only noteworthy indus-
trial inteicsl ill the lo«nsiii|). It was e>lablislied
in 1SC3 by Messrs. D. 1'. Smith, George Hires,
Jr., John Lambert, and Ciiarles Hlre<. The firm
continued as originally organized only one year, Mr.
Smith retiring from the concern in ISC4. In 18GS
Charles Hires sold his interest to George R. Morrison.
In the next year Mr. Lamberl also retired, followed
by Mr. Morrison in 1S70, Mr. George Hires pur-
tliasiiig the intercut of the latter. In 1S71, Mf.
Charles Hires again became a member of tbe lirm,
which then became known as Hires & Brother. In
March, IST-l, the firm-name was changed to Hires,
I'rentiss & Co. In 1S7G, William riumnier, Jr., was
U'lniiited to membership, and the firm li.is since been
Hylcd Hires & Co.

The Quinton Ghtss-Works, with the dwelling-
houses occupied by employes, cover an area of about
■' ven acres, and are conveniently situated on the
i'lUth bank of Allowjiys Creek, thus enjoying un-
'urpassed facilities for the transportation of products
*'>d material ; and the company own a steamer,
*li'ch jdies between Philadelphia and Baltimore and
f'liiladelidiii and New York, as the exigencies of
tlii-ir business may demand.

Window-, coach-, and picture-ghiss urc made, and

the works have an annual capacity of three million
feet of glass. One of the must |>rominent features of
the cstabli>liment is a Belgium oven, the entire cast-
ings of which were im|)oneii from Europe, and which
produces a iiii.ility of ghus nearly erjual to the I'rcnch
plate, ami certainly superior to any other of .\iiuri-
can manufacture. Throughout the works are ad-
mirably arranged, and every detail of the business is
under the supervision of members of the firm, who
are well versed in the intricate and multiform pro-
cesses attendant upon glass-making ; and the products
of the CJuinton Ghiss-Works find a ready market in
nearly every State in the Union, the California trade
being particularly extensive. Tlie company fur-
nished much gl:i.ss for use in the erection of the
Centennial buildings iu Philadelphia in 1S7C.

About one hundred and fifty bands are employed,
most of whom live in neat cottages belonging to the
company. In addition to the glass-works proper,
Messrs. Hires & Co. have a steam grist-mill, an t.\-
tensive general store, and other convenient auxilia-
ries to their iiniuensc bu^incss. The dilTcrent de-
partments of the factory are two luelting-fiirnaces,
llattening-houses, a "pot-room" (jWhere the jiots for
blowing purposesare manufactured of imported clay),
an engine-houjc, containing a twenty hoi-se-power
engine, which propels the blowing apparatus, and a
[lackiiig-box manufactory.

The i>roiirielors are gentlemen well and favorably
known in Salem and neighboring counties. Hon.
George Hires, Jr., was sheritl' of Salem County, and
he is the present State senator from his district.

Other Industries. — .-Vs early as 1740 one of John
Chandler's sons built a grist-mill, which was later loug
known as John Wood's upper mill. The mill now
leased by Piaiieas Smith, located nearly on the line
between Quinton and Upper AUoways Creek, has
long been owned by Stephen and Josiab Reeves,
father and son.

Formerly ship-building was carried on quite ex-
tensively iu that part of the township bordering on
Alloways Creek.

The agricultural interests of Quinton are not so far
advanced as those of some of lier sister townships,
yet it contains some good farms and a portion of it is
considered quite productive. Considerable market-
gardening is done, and the extensive canneries at
Canton, Hancock's Bridge, and Salem, all within
easy access to the farmers of Quinton, have created a
demand for tomatoes and other cannabic goods, which
are cultivated more and more extensively every y.\ir.
Hay and the cereals are grown. Farms are being
improved by the enrichiuent of the soil and the rota-
tion of croj.>.

Burial-Places. — Tbe oldest burial-place in Quin-
ton is on the site of the former Seventh-Day Baptist
churchyard, a little more than a mile north of the
.southern boundary of the to\»nsliip. 1"he only other
public burying-ground is the present Scvenlb-Day

476

HISTORY OF SALEM COUNTY.

Baptist cliurcliyard, uear the coiiiitv line. Sonic
gr.-ives were uiaJe at :i very early date on farms, l.nt
most of tliem have been obliterateii, and their loca-
tions forgotten.

CHAPTER LXXIV.

TOWNSIII? OF rP)'EU Al.LOWAVtf CKEEK.'

Geographical. — Upper .Vlio^N-ays Creek township
is situated in the south part of the eounty, bordering
ou Cunibcrlaiid County, and is bunnded nortliwest
by Mannington, northeast by Pilesjrrove and Upper
Pittsgrove, southeast by Dcerficld and Hopewell
(Cumberland County), and southwest by Quintoii.
It has an area of eighteen thousand nine hundred
and thirty-four aires, and contains two hundred and
four farnl^. mostly well cultivated.

Topographical and Statistical.— The surface of
this township is jronerally level, though in the south-
east somewhat rolling. The .soil in the northeast i.s
a stifl" clayey loam, and soil of this character pre-
dominates throughout the township,' except in the
southea.st, where it gives place to sand and gravelly
loam.

The fine timber and wood |)roduced by Upper
Alloways Creek township was thus written of by
Gordon, in his "Historical Gazetteer," in 1832: "The
forest known as 'the Barrens' runs through this
township, producing much while-oak and pine-wood
for market, which finds its way to Philadelphia by
Alloways Creek."

North, Middle, and South Branches (low together
in the northern part, forming Alloways, Creek, which
runs northwestwardly, receiving Carlisle Kun be-
tween Remsterville and .^llowaystown, and Deep
Run below the latter place. These, with some small
tributaries and some creeks flowing south into Cum-
berland County, provide ample drainage and suffi-
cient water-power for local demands.

The township has a convenient number of roads
in good condition, anl is traversed from e.i-t to west,
nearly parallel with its northeastern boundary, by the
Salem Branch of the We.-^l Jersey Railroad, on the
line of which, within the township, are stations
known as Oakland, Mower's, and AUowavs Sta-
tions.

Evidences of thrift abound on every hand. The
population of the township was nineteen hundred
and seventeen in ISSO, and in 18S1 its financial sta-
tistics were as follows: Valuation of real estate,
?G28,300; amount of personal [iroperty, .f 400,300;
total debt, $?,0O,.Wj; total taxable valuation, .^733,-
100; number of voters, 472; amount of poll-tax,
S12S; of .-chool la.x, S18.53; of county tax, .*1768.

1 By M. 0. Bolfc.

Original Purchases and Seltlemeiit.-' — T'l ,
.Vlloways Creek \va< fir>t settled by members „( ■
Society of Friends.

William Thompson, sou of .ViiJio-.v Thomp^M:,
Elsinboro. purchased a large tract of land on ti .
south side of Alloways Creek, and there he settl.'l
There was a bridge erected across the creek at an e;,r'%
, date, and the village that wa.s built on William Tlioi,,..
son's land was l;iiown as Thompson's Bridge in.'
about fifty years ago, when the name was chanp.'.i i
, .\llowaystown.

William Tliompson had four sons, — Thomas, lirn.
jamin, Joseph, and William Thompson. All oftl.cr,
were active busine-s men ; each of them owned a ftrrr
at Allowaystown, inherited from thei'r father, a;i':
many of their descendants were among the ninit r. •
spectable citizens of Salem County.

Richard Wistar, son of Casper Wistar, of I'hiladtl-
[ihia, who came from Germany, was the progenil..:
of the Wistar family in tliis country. His eldest s,r..
I Kichard, purchased of Hall and Co.-c several ihousani
acres of timbered land about two miles above .\l!.i-
waystown. He built a glass-house on this land at; i
manufactured window-glass. lie resided in Pliili
delphia, but he engaged Benjamin Thompson to ovci-
see and carry on the business for him, employing Ger-
man glass-blowers, from whom ai-e descended many
of the inhabitants of the township. The glass-work-
have been abiuidoned more than a century, and the
greater part of the Wistar lands have been sold io
other parties. The family of the Wistars still o"!:
several hundred acres of the original tract, princip diy
woodlanil.

Wade Oakford,oncof the first emigrants, purclia-c !
five thousand acres of land lying south of the Thomp-
son land, excepl that jiart near Alloways belongiii.'
to Jonathan llou.-e, who is a lineal descendant <•'■
Wade Oakford,and who owned >e\eral hundred iicri-
of the original purchase. All the rest of the lar;--
tract of land has been sold to other persons.

On the north side of the creek, one mile below All"-
' ways, Joseph Fogg, one of the early emigrant.s, anJ
the progenitor of the large family by that name iti
this county, pur.jhased and located on a large tr.i'!
of land. He had three sons, — .Joseph, Daniel, a;; •
Samuel Fogg. The place where Joseph fir=t loc.il' !
on the creek has gone under the name of Fogg's Ls" i-
ing for more than one hundred and fifty years.

Adjoining the Fogg property John Holme, fr""'
Philadelphia, took up two thousand acres of laii'i
The Holme faniily became conspicuous in the ear'.^
annals of Salem County.
I The Freas family have long been prominent '.'
Upper .\lloways Creek. Their progenitor was Jai"'
Freas, who emigrated from Germany, and purcli.i-''^
considerable land, embracing the locality now kfi">'
as P'reasburg, and settled thereon in the early part

> ContritiitwJ by Tljonias ShoiiiJs, Kai}.

TowNsnir OF upper alloways creek.

477

tlie cigliteentli century. Henry Freas .iiid otlier de-
-lendiints have taken a leading jiarl in townsliip
:ifl'air?, and liave been identified witli important pub-
lic and private intere-^t.-.

Lewis Dubois, from I'Lster County, X. Y., e.nnie to
West Jersey and pnrclinsed one Uiousand and ninety-
one acres of land in I'pper .\!lo%vays Creek township
and elsewhere. His first purchase was three hundred
and fifty acres, in 17i<!, of Joshua AVright, p.irt of the
Wasse tract of five thousand acres on tiie borders of
tlie head-waters of Aliow.iys Creek, which tract had
been bought by William Hall, of James \Va.sse, of
Loudon, in 170G. Solomon Dubois, youngest son of
Jacob ]luhoii, and a native of rilt.-';ruve, purchased '
lands in Ailoways Creek township. ;

Tlic above paragraphs are believed to contain men-
tion of all of the early settlers in this townsliip. Their
family names are, most of them, well known through-
out the county at this time, and their descendants
have, many of them, been useful, influential, and
reputable citizens.

As has been seen, a great impetus was given to set-
tlement and the development of local interests by the
early planting of an imi)ortant mannt'acturiiig etiter-
prise in the township, which was long ago swallowed
up in the past. Though several enierprisis of local
importance have had a more or less .succe.ssful esist- '
ence at different jicriods, the township has not since '
been distinctly a manufacturing one, ngriculture being
the leading interest.

The following are tlie family names of jjroniinent
residents of Upper AUov.ays Creek township iVom
1800 to 1S:;0: Allen, Ayresi Appkgate, I'.lackwood,
Uce, 15urroug!is, U.llciiger, Couklyn, Camp, Caruthcrs,
Eft, English, Evan», Emmel, Frazier, Fowser. Fries,
Fogg, Fos, Garton, Gosling, Uitchner, House, ;
Ilarker, Hannah, Hopkins, Ivius, Joslyn, Jarman, '
Johnson, Jenny, Kerlin, Keen, Lloyd, Latubcrt,
Mickle, Mowers, Miller, Mason, Xelson, Norton, Ott,
Padcn, Penton, Purnell, Rcmster, Ray, Reeves, :
.Souders, Smith, Sicklcr, Shough, Scott, Sheppard, ;
i^impkins. Stretch, Sigers, Smalley, Stockton, Tim- \
merman, Thompson, Wentzell, Walker, Wright, and
Watson.

Organization.— Upper .Vlloway.s Creek township
Was set o!! from Ailoways Creek by Commissioners
IJenjaniin Tliompscju, John Stewart, and Elnalhan
I>avis, under the provisions of an act passed in 1700,
I'uthorir.ing the division of the Iajl-n:imed township,
lilt township of i^ninton was erected from the terri-
t"ry of Upper Alloivays Creek in 1S73.

Civil List. — As comiilete a civil list is presented
'"■low as can be compiled from the records of the
'ownship, all records of annual town-hip elections
I'rior to 1817 being missing :

'*". 18.!2. Jainn McU :r.
''•If. BtujsBiiii Tlivi.il'.-.u.
'819-21. Zacrlipiis «i.t.
■82S-24, Willuiui M. i>,.nl,i

AS.<>:S.SOKS.

1625-27, 18.12. Kills Ayr.
1*28-31, l»:a, IXj-a...

ni. 13J4. Tlinluiia n. V.".wd.

IS.HT. J<.|,n Gosliivf:.
l-a>-H, lSll-:c. I'hilip Rciusler.
lS4i-l:i. W illiani C. I.anii>.-rt.
lsii--,«. K|<liraiiu C. Hairis.
1SV...&7. \Vil1ialu lloudo.
13.iS-;!>. Giort-t B.?ninfr.
ltC".M!2. Jamti V. Wal.wu.

1SSV-1». Smith It
1SCG-C7. Pari.l II
lSG,'!-7i\ J.icol) n
lS7!-7:l,l!-7«-S2.
lS74-7fi. llinini S
1S77. John C. Knglisli.

lu.i

COI.I.KCTOUS.

lS17-2n. lluwfll Powell.
KU-iO. HavidSiving.
1S.UI-;!!. Thomas B Wood.
ISJJ-.'IS. Stacy Llo.vd.
is:i9-ll, 1S45-46. ChariM Hogbiii.
1S4':-13. Jnhli Shim)..
ISH. SiimutI W. Stiller.
1SI7-I9. .Smith HiMerlMCk.
ISSO-o.-!. Cliarlw F. Moore.

lS-M-5'!, IS70-72. Funnaii W(

zoll.
lS57-5'.>. Joiintimn L. Brown.
ISC0-C2. Josciih 0. Luinlcrt.
1SC3, lb(i7-69. KJwin Stretch.
1364-61;. Aaron V\iit».ell.
1S73-74. Charlfs Ilitcln.^r.
157.5-77. .Iiiinrs R. Barlior.
1S7;'-S2 Goulii S. llirclincr.

1S17. Ohiirlcs nod'ili.
1.<1»-I9. Grvrgi- W. Ballingcr.
1S2<.>. JaniL'^ Thooi|«OD.
1S21. Kmpaun Haines,
lii!. Ziba lia.v.
1$23-2G. John G. liallingor.
l«e7--.'«, IWl-li. Wn:. \V. W,«d
lS.;a-3u. Zuffhcus Hay.
IKlJ-ar. I'liillp R.uistcr.
lS'.?-4", 1SI4-1-.. William C. I,at
bcrt.

TOWNSniP CI.EUKS.

' U«4I. John Goslint:.
1842-4;!. Smith BilJerhael;.
1S4G-49. William House.
1850-02. George lioni*!^-, Jr.
1S5»-62,1S6S-71. Willinm B.Wills.
l.S63-«.-.. William y. KIkiiiton.
1866-B7. Jacob llnusc.
1672-7:). Josopli Stretch.
lfi74-75. J. \V. Ool.b.
1S7C. J icob House.
1S77-S2. Kuoch A. Wentiell.

ClIOSKN ruK
1S17-1''. Jai.ie» ll.iv.
ISI7-2S, ISaO-ll, IS39-I1. Stacy

I.ioy.l.
Ii2i>-il, 1832-37. Stepheu Kecres.
lS22-:ifi,l»!V5. Jusiah M. Beeves.
1S29, ls;tl. Burroughs Vanmetor.
1*32-3 ;. Thomas B. Wood.
l^^l-4:l, 184.-.-4S, lNi2, l60G-(-.7.

John 11. Laml'tfit.
1S42-M. George Keniiler. '
1514. Josiah Conelyon.
l.-4.\ ni.>l-4ti. JotialhsD Uon>e.
lSi'.l-*2. .«mith UilderKtck.
U.Vi. Thomas Bil'lerback.
ISo^t. John niackwootl.

EllOl.DEns
IF.M. JlMkoll Mo.ire.
IS.S1V57. Zaccheus Timberman.
1SJ7. Jereminh X. Watsou.
1S5S-6U. William f. UllcliUer.
IMS-WO. Charles Airplegate.
lS(il-<53. William Sliimp.
I6R1-S:!. HaviJ Garton.
lSr.4-oa. lS7r>-7». William llous
leM-Cd. David Harris.
18UC-i;9. Fill man Wentull.
18t»-7il. Williaii! l^ll■:n^on.
1870-72. John llilcliiier, Jr.
187:i-7.i. JosC|ih liem^ter.
1S79. Jacob P. Iteeves.
18811-82. Jeremiah .s. Waij.oii.

fOWNSIIll'
1S17-1S. Zi-;cli0U3 ILiy.
isn-ia, l!<2:Vi-^. J..I1U Freas.
1S17-21. Philip Fries.
1»17-I3, 1820. Oliver SDilth.
1817-19. SlopheuBeeTcs.
1S19. James Newell.
U19. /iba Bay.

1V20-21.1M8. John G. Hallluger.
1^2'>-2-2. Samuel Pct.:rM<u.
l*:;i>-2.'V. Shej.p'jpl Blackwood.
1S21 -'a, 18.11. James Cannih^ll.
l»22-«, 1830-31. EUisAyr&).
1>22. James Ray.
1«2V20, 1S2S. jHines Patterson.
lSi1-25, 1827. Ceort-« »ren«.
1-24. William Vonni.
lS-25-20. Judah (lerilage.
1826-27. 18:;i -•«. William Walker,
l"'!!. Charh-! Hogldp.
l«2i;. Burroughs V»a Meier.
18:i7-o8. George Belaster.
1j^27. James Ma-HiU.
le-27. Jdiiiea II. Vuong.
1825-.JO. John Nelson.
1>2S, Isaac English.
1829. Johu A. Watson.
1829. Samuel Pauiin.

C0M5I1TTKE.
1S29, 18:19-78. Joualhiin House
1830-;i2. William W. W.wJ.
\i2». G<-orge Jarmau.
1831-38. Henry J. Fries.

1832, 1842-41. 1S47-M. Oli
Smith.

1833. John Shimp.
183J-51. Isaac B. Van Jleter.
18:>4-;!S, 155.1, 1859-60. Will

Kutinson.
l«3,;_)i,lR 15-10, .Ada
1839-41. Andrew Ker
1844. John P. .<^iiiilh.
1845, 1852-02. Johnso
1841M9. Joseph I.'. I.a
li'.'.'>-51. Eno» P. Heev-s.
1S."2. John Blacknoi.d.
lSS:'^:i. ClianibUss Ag.legHte.
1855-57. William P. Uitchner.
IS-JO. Richard 0. Iladlev.
1857. James F. Wbwou.
ISoS-t-O, 1863-04. John SicBler.
lS.)8-&). Charl.i II. Poll el!.
1S61-.52. William n. Willi-.
18C1-C2. John H. .McKtaver.
11-01-64 John H. l,anib-.rt,
1*63-64, I8V5-7S. J. Ilih.l.'ier. .

kle

I nitchn
nhert.

473

HISTORY OF SALEM COUNXy.

lH>3-fi4, 1«0.0-J.9. Zaccheun Tim- ' 1^TS-7S. Jolm .^irklcr, Jr.

bfrman.
186,>-f.;i. DiTi.I I!, n.-ir?.
IS1.5-TI. I>avi.l Sliinip.
lsG5. ThoniM Sini|ikins.
lsr»-67. jKoioa J. Tyler.
13C8-72. Slorl«^i> K. Allrn.
lt>7i-T2. OooiEC K. JIcTrisuli.
1870-7:;. Hiram Swtalmau.
1872-71. \Villl:ini \. jriller.
1J73-75. JmIius D. Jlirkle.

cossi-

1817. B'lijuuia Ra) .

1817-22, Isj5-i8,if31. GwrgeGcs-

ling.
Ul!<-»2. lieKJnniin Kollj.
lS2a. Elijnb l)arl,.
1823-21, 1S.'7, li.J3. l'bili|, lie,,,.

•liT.
1S24. Zil.a R.iy.
1845-20. S;M.m.l King.

1828. Ire Sln-tch.

18.10-^2. W-.iliam r. Smicli..

IRIO. Mnllh:ii« Hopner.

1831. Mirk Ayfx.

lSX.Wje, I<12-13. Isiiah Conkliii.

lH3-.;4. J:,rvi5 Sinio,».

18n.V34, )»M. TI,..|iio» Cvins.

1S35-31. L?u.;>ii I^pcr.

18.U. thiirUs (i. GaniAoo.

1837-3'J. Juli!i Sli-uii..

lias. Williifji ¥. Touiig.

1&I9. EilHuixl Vuii Melpr.

1S7:1-7S. Kl.h,il\l Kiiika.
lJ7l>-77. Davi.l U. .^ckliv.
IsTS. Dwiel 3IcP. niloUiur.
1S79. K|p|irairn Oarrison.
1879-81. Jopl E. C'olon..»n.
1879-Sl. Willi.iui P. Ililchuer.
lSSi>-S2. Jo^ep)t Kcnisu-r.
1SS2. DaviJ \. Ualtcr.
1SS2. S«niuel V. JuiiM.

VBLES.
1^0. WilliHia FriM.
184'>-:VI. Klkaiinali Powoll.
1811. Cli.irlr> Jinny.
IMM.'.. Smith KiiilerUck.
1810-On. j.wfph s. Jacobs.
lSil-52. Williiim Sljimp.
18SI-W. Jloi-aii./ J. Stow.
18.".! . J'j«eph S. Cak«.
lt>63-5.5. David Ewviii.
18:'7-o9. Ifciijaiiiiri M. For^ii*. D.
1a*»t2. I;a.ic MiKiro.
18eo-r.l,U..l-67. Ilniiicl Kean.
WR-^H, 1870-72, 1578-8.>. Furman

Wchl/oll.
1>(15. Th'iuiis SiDijikio".
li50S-r.'J. KilwunI Sltilcli.
lMO-72. B«tOaial.i O. BoWnfon.
1873. IlFurv F. Jarwau.
1''74. Uiarlcs nilclinur.
1S75-77. Jaini-9 II. narkrr.

TOWN SrPEHlSTKSDK.STS
1SI7-I9. Jjf.ph C. LoroUrt.
l.<.iiw.2. \Villi..m House.
l!>.',3-67. C.org.' Itcnister.
1S^".»-C0.- PaviJ Sbiuip, Jr.

IS'.*. Josi-pb II. McK
lSti5-60. JuUu L3l„l'P
1807. Aarun ^^^■Iltzoll

C011MI.«.SI0SFR< OF .vrrE.\L.

1S17. Jatnes aicid.

1H17, !?■;>, )t.''j-3l. Burrocslii

Vuii MiI-t.
1817, 1522, If27--2S. John Black

WtHKl.

HflS. .\.i ini I'ltiuch.
1816. Wiljijin Siniil,.

ISls. Tlu

1»I9. rial.l-l Pcnf"ll.

1819. i-hrpiianl lilackwood.
1820-21. Klli.< A.vica.
1820-21. r.niii I'aiiliti.

1820. iJ.iTid Fogs.

1821. B(t>Jani!i, TlioDipion.
1822-34. .'<l«plii-n Ilcves.
Ibii-.-). JMin ti I).-illlugor.
lS2:j-2<. William Mnlktr.
1824. i;-i i-.-o Kciii>l»r.
IBti-if: riiilip FrlM.
1825, 1»28. /accliciK Itay.
lC2fl. FrcK-rick Miller.
1827. Juni-s I',.Mi-r»un.
1629. Itenjiiniln \V.)«1
1830-3'). H-iir)- J. Frin>.
18)5-3'' John A. WBl."on.
leSS-il. I-xic B. Van Jl-tor.

18:i7. Philip i:.'»i«u.r.
18.37-3'*. Daiiivl Vann^m.in.
lSSe.^1. John Oi.<llng.
1839-41, 184C.-62. John U. I

bert.
1842-411. Adam II. Sicklcr.
1S.12. J.«fpb Camp.
1S43. i:i!is Ayr.'j.
1M4. >Ia«k.ll War-!, Jr.
181.V.M, ]V.n-7<. Cbns. II. Pu\
1847-14. Oli»irr Sinilb.
lM2-*7. Jul,;, SIckltr.
lgr>2-&3. Jidin Blackwood.
185^1. Johnoii, llitchiKT.
18ii-6», If.l-.-.:. i>iniih Reui.l
1»54-W, lii;:i-'>l. Andrew Juhn
18.'.f , \1ir.2_ ]i!v.>-<2. 7ncclicils 1

lertitan.
I8C0. David Miller.
ISCl. Julin Ilil.hTier.
ie«:!-Ci. Zicclieii. Ray.
1863-i;5. Joseph Rclnster.
18n.'>-78. John B. Dunhau,.
1600-79. Ju«eph 0. Lambert.
1879-82. VVilliaro Simpklii,.
1879-82. Jolcph .Siritcb.

SCHOOL COM.MIS.'iro.NER.e.

li29-40. Iia ic Ki.gli-h.
192'.i-:i3. J.,s;ah M. Itoeve.
182V-34. .Nii:ll»la< UliilAlead.
1S33-3.-.. Jii;:.l. 11 •uildgc.
itM-ii. I'li:i,i,i« ^mitli.
183:i-.(5. KiHlel P'jiiton.
18:!:>S«,184.<. 'Irurge Jurman.
l8:>3-34, Ia30. Henry J. Kriea.
J8:n-i5, liJS. Willi.tm F. Keevea.
1S3.V::7. John «a|.on.
18:«. SanMicl Vanb-ar.
)i>.1il-37. TL'-ciaf J. Yarrow.
ls:^-37, 1'lllHl. Kills Ayr.-!.
^'■iO-'M. Wi(;i«m Uu-rto.

1831!. Thomas )Ii,Ilica.
18::7. Nathaniel Lawrenoj.
18i7. ThoDias Evans,
)«:;» 3'J. Jr.hn II. LamL-rt.
Ik-li. Adam II. Sickler.
18:>9. John G.'Sliu^.
It^lO. l,-(2- 14. Sucy I.loyJ.
lfll-45. hi-hraimS. Harils
18^11. Willi.tL'1 Blown.
184.-.. All.rt J. Ilark-r.
18IJ40. J^'pphC l.imbrl.
l'>4.'.-4i;. William C. I.nmi.e.-t.
Uli:. PriTidtuceLudlinr.

Emanuel's Cbiireh, Freasbnrg'.~This is tin- duly
Lullieran C'lumli in this <ecliiin, aiiil it \v,<»s c?t;i!t-

. lished in 1748.

Tlic constituent inembors were thinilie,-; iiainou

', Freas, Frollingcr, Meyer, Hayn, Born, Wontzcll,
Miickass.-xn, Heppel, Kiilnian, Dill.s.sliocver, SomJcr,
Knci.-:t, Toli:\l, and others. Jacob Freas, the ciiii-

' grant, is said to have been very prominent in cti'eelin-.-
the orL'ntiiz;itiou.

Tiiese people were mostly employed at.Wistar'*
glass-works, near AUoway, and were among the earlit-t
residents in the township.

The church records were kept in German until
1832, when Rev. Jlr. Harpel look the oversight of
them. In 1836 he w.is succeeded by Rev. Mr. Roy-

. nobis. Revs. Uiiy and Town followf^d. The present
pastor is Rev. A. \V. Lentz:

Friends. — Friends early- worshiped in this toivn-
ship, and had a meeting-house opposite the village of
AUoway, which was abandoned about seventy years

j "go.

I Union Chapel, Pentouville.--.\.t rcntuinille a

\ small brick chapel was built, and dedicated in 188l'.
It is known as the "Union Chapel," and is occupied

I by Christians of all denominations as occasion pre-

I scnls ilstlf.

; Baptist Church of AUoway.— It is nearly or r\u\w
three-(piartersof a century since the initial etlorts were
made t^jw.irds the establishment of Baptist wor,^iiip in
.-Mlowiiyslown, as the village was then and until re-
cently called. During a perind of about twenty years
the First Baptist Church of i^alem occupied Alloway--

I town as an "out-station."

I The first meeting-house was built in IS21, the elav
being dug and the bricks of which it wa.s constructe>l

' burnt upon the lower end of the lot upon which it

! stood. The size of the edifice was forty feet by thirty-
five. It was of the old-fashioned style of church archi-
tecture, con-isting of only one room, having gallerit^^
on the sides and in front.

Revs. .Joseph .Shepherd, .John Cooper, and Ciiarle-
J. Hopkins were the earliest preachers there, and it
w.'us as the result of their labors that the church v.:i-
buill and a regular organization ellected, May -i.
1S30, witli twenty-six nienibers, twenty-five of whom
were di>minscd fioni the First Baptist Church "i
Salem. ]"or some months after this dale Rev. Cliarlc
J. Uophiiis supj.liod the pulpit, adding twenty-two t"
the membership of the church by baptism, and orgnn-
izing the ^-unday-school, which lia.i had an ii-iintcr-
rupt''d e.^■i^t^:nce since.

The first call to tiie pastorate war given lu P.cv h-
M. Barker, in 1832. He served o',e year, during v.iii' '•'•
five members were bunlizt-'l into ihe church, li-'-

TOAVNSniP.OF UPPER ALLOWAYS CREEK.

479

Jolin Miller was the socoiul j.astor, coming in 18o3,
and resigning in ISo-!, iiildinir lour nseinbc-rs by bap-
tism. During his pastorate cUn-en members seceded
to identity themst^ves with tlic long-extinct ''Old
.■relioor' or " Anti-Mission" church of Canton. Rev.
Charles J. Hopkins again sup[dicd the pulpit lor a
time, baptizing five.

In ISSo, IJev. Mr. Ferguson was called for six
months, accepted, and remained a year, during
which five were added by ba[)tism. After an inter-
regnum, in ]c*:!s, Rev. X. Sletsi.n held special meet-
ings and acted as supply, alter which he was pastor
one year. So marked were the results of his labors
that there was an accession of eighty-three to the
membership. In 1.S39, Rev. Lzekiel Sexton accepted
a call to the pastorate, remaining three years, and '
adding si.xty-eight to the membership. Rev. Charles
Kain supplied the church for a lime, during which '
t«enty-t\ro were baptized, and later thirteeu more
were added, under the icnijiorary niiiiistralion of ,
Rev. W. A. Kay. Rev. Levi J. Reck was pastor lor '
a few months in 1843, during which year Rev. Wil- I
liam Maul began a three yeaiv' pastorate, adding '
three by b.ij.tisoi. In 1847, Rev. F. T. Cailhopper '
was ordained in Allowaystown and installed as pas- I
lor. During his seven year.-" service forty-eigiit were
added by baptism. Rev. William A. Roney became I
|.astor in- ISO;, but resigned in a vear on account of
ill health. " i

In ISoG, Rev. James Trickelt, of Pennsylvania, ac-
cepted n ca!i to the pa.storaie. Under his adminis- '
iration plans for remodeliug the meeting-house were '
fi-rmcd and means provided for carrying them out, .'
but the men,<;r.il)le pi'.nic of l<.-,7 prevented their ;
consummation at th.it time. Ue remained four :
.vcars, during which the church received an acces- '
sion of si.xty-tiirec members by baptism. Al>er liis
departure, Rev. G. M. Conderon supplied the i)ulpit '■
for a few months. Rev. Cliarles Co.\ was the twelfth :
piistor, coming in l.^^Cl and remaining four ycar.-^,
adding twenty-one members. In ISC'), Rev. A. H.' '
llliss was called to the pastorate. During his service '
^"■xty-seven were baptized, and the remodeling of the '
meeting-house was again agitated and accomplished
at a cost of si.\ thousand dollars. The old house w.-.s
lorn down, e.-ccept a portion of the walls, which were
raised to admit of a basement above ground. The
"'« of this edifice is sixty by thirty-five feet.

'!ev. J. li. Rradlcy was ne.xt called, settling as p.rs-
|"r in IS7.3, serving two years and eight moiUhs, and
'■^'I'lizing thirteen. In March, 1S7G, Rev. Matthew
■I- Finch was called, and r.niained one year. .Tune
-*. 1S77, Rev. Jann-s Vt'alden became his successor,
«ii>J ro-igncd, after ba[,tizing seven, in Fibruarv'
'''U The present pastor. Rev. James Trickctt, w.a.s
'••■'i"i:il to the ciiurch in ISSO, al'ter an absence of
!v;»niy yoars. Former deacons of this cliurcii were i
'l'>.im Walker, J. ]). Sithens, J. D. .Simpkins. John I
'-""I'crt, W. W. ll..rv,ood, Tboin.-.s Rild. ri,ack, ■

David Rowcn, Henry Powell, James Froas, and
James Rnrch. 'J'he present deacons are James Arm-
strong, ."janiucl Wright, Joseph Pluniiner, and James
English. During a portion of its existence the church
was aided by the i'tate Convention, having received
i^lSo.lO from itj; funds. It has rerurned to the same
fund j^Si'iO-.^l, and has given 5=1 220.13 to nii.ssionarv
objects. The total number of baptisms has been 447 ;
highest number reported to the Association was 214
in I.S43. The iiresent momborsliip is l;i7.

Methodist Episcopal Church of Alloway.— This
.society was incorporated on the 12tb day of Fehrnaiy,
K^2ii, with David String, Samuel Keane, Thomas El-
dridgc, John Tracy, Zaecheus Ray, trustees.

In 1S21 a brick church was erected on the site of
the present one, which was remodeled in l?t)0. Fol-
lowing are the names of those who contributed to-
wards the original edifice, spelled as they appear
upon a record made in 1S20 :

Tlionias Elilililgc.

George Jarinau.

/jlCcliCUS lU.v.

William X. Jefferuiie.

S.iuiUfl Kejuo.

ChailcjJ. Kcc-d.

Pnvid .striug.

lleiiry Slieppard.

E.|«»..l U. OibU.

John Juhh^un.

J.l.n Tric.v.

Frederick Jtillor.

Kii.>s Woottrnff.

Jacob JliilrL.ru.

Julin Coli'iimu.

Patrick I-iold.<.

I'cler Slrinp.

Tlionios W. Catlill.

J..)ni Kl.lridge.

Paninl O-Unmn.

J;uiics .\riii:4trong.

\Mllluni Van Ilarl.

l>.iiiiul Sliou^h.

David Jubusoa.

Tlinmaa Kux.

John.M'orn

J.tcub Howe.

Wlllkmi R. Piihen.

Jwl Vapi..

Anthon.v N...|£t)n.

•tncul' Vux (l.lB.-ksniUli).

Jacob Fox (faimer}.

IS.1.1C Kunn.

.\ar.)ii 0. Pa.vtnn.

Joseph GfM-s,

KIcliard Stockton.

Jncol. Ililchncr.

Mullira Homer.

Wnilnni Erwn.

John Armstrong.

.liu-.ib WnUer.

Edward Wnd.lliigtoii.

I'olur Krrir1i«on.

Jonnthau Itichinan.

Rfclinrd Gil>l«.

Joseph r.lppincoli.

Matlbi'W Xlonisol), Jr.

Jauit-6 Ihjtcher.

I'hilip Sepps.

Jonathan I'ellen.

Jc*<c Ktirl.v.

Aaron Wrtddington.

Williiini \<]am$.

Mkliaol Uackctt.

EIIJ»I> .\>hum.

John Iluckett.

J..|iri C. B«ningcr.

WlllianiJ.Shinn.

Siiniiii-1 King.

.loscph McLvaiie.

llLiOaiiilii Tinjl<erinai).

Hedj:e Thompson.

J 'III! II.OV8.

David Cairl'.

llclij.iliiln Kcllj:.

MorrI* Hall.

Juhii Sparks.

William .Swing.

IImocI 1V>vc1.

James Diddle.

John C.'^linf.

John Holmes.

Atiiaisi A.v.(rs.

James JiSHiip.

Cnrg..- ll.-nistfr.

Eiiipsun Il.iines.

ThoiiiH- K»lly.

Benjamin Archer.

I'lH l.n (;il,l,s.

George KrciOi.

Mi.rj <-.i!,U..

Joseph Newkirk.

I'WIfp Kr,':ui.

William Waddinglon.

Ju.-inli M. Beeves.

Jeremiah SimII.

Joliii Gruff, Jr.

D.inlel Garrison.

JiiJr.l, ll.iTimyc.

Ohadiah RubUos.

Ck-iii<;iit Willis.

William Harris.

Jt-hn Cinip.

.Stacy Llo.vd.

li«i.j;,i,.ii, .Ml..n.

John Kl.vell.

J:iuit-- Suir^jer.

Andrew Minch.Sr.

Dm.l.;; C.ilry.

<;lii.inbli»j AI1':U.

J .-•pii Kiiv,.;i.

William IVroh.

Join. .S, Woo.1.

Jcd.n Duvi».

4 so

IIISTOKY OF SALEM COUNTY.

SiMl.i.! It!chai»n.

■'•)■•

1 Giutr.

J..E!.-. ;-!c-i h.ii»>n.
John Hitler.
Jamcj ll.irrid.
Gnxmif Arc}-.
IVtrr Ililcl.I.T.
?he;'iard }l1ack«rooiJ.

.III.

I II..-

Vi:2uii.^- Hill.
.KnJrevv .\l.4tfn.

Edaiun.1 Wrigliu
Samuel Iftlniors.

>Ii>:<»S L.lDltjOH.

0!iT,r ,-o.ilii.
UntX v.. Clawson.
J.iniM >wi}.

JtrrJwli I'ill-i-.

Joliu W.ilfr..

J..n.illi:in \V> Jnull.

J..-iTh Cilliis.

Jobn^iiinick-on.

l!ii.miv«5in:iick5on.

All>n Mii.ih.

Jnnicj R*.1ruw.

Biirbank> M.\ii^Mc.iu

Jimcs M.-Gill.

Lulhcr G.imble.

FrincfS S. Wi.-i.-in>.

Willisni li-'-,-ll lobicf ji:igfl.

Ed tr;ir<l Stout.

KIcbaril miitrbrUff.

J...hn BUckvTMd.

Rev. Tlioina^s Xeal prp.ii.-licd at Allo\va>>(own in
1810, p.u<l llov. Tlioin;ts Ware in 1S20 and 1S21. The
latter v.;i.< tlie fir.-t regular p.istor. His suece.isors
have hccii .ts follows :

AlUrl Whito. ■ 1<50. Jsmc» Lnng. |

1^2»-^^, 15.15. t iword S!JUt.
l8tJ-'— 28. Sv^Iomon Sliarp.
182:-:». Jolm Walker.

1829. Wi'lljiiiWIlliaon. i lSGI-61!. Saciurl F. Whcler.

18.»0. JjcbGrubfr.
IMt. J<f«<« Th.>ic|<ioa.
ISi-'. « . r.uriui:slu.
1S3.VC1. W illi.ini Folk.
1S3C. NhII'iiiiW Cl.eic.
183:-:?. Ctarl..a T. Ford.
1833-I.'. Jsjol. LoiiJer-Ujer.
1841-42. Tlioniu G Sleuart.
1813-14. No.nli E-lvrardi.
18».'.-4;. Socinl-iTo».ii-od.
1I>IT. M.ilthlxi Genii:i:i.
IMi^-l'J. Al.l»li«in Cearh.n.

Prior to 18-33 this stiition was one on a circuit so
large as to necessitate the eniployiiient of assistant
pastors. Below are tlie names of tiiose so employed.
They were most of them youni in the ministry at
the time of their service, and some of tlicni have
since atlniiied prominence in tl'.e cliiirch:

1S50. J8mc» L^ng.
1S51-.V2. Cliark-<S. boom,

ISJl-M. Ji-s-:yll .\I«ood.
1«T-.\S. J.-Uu MoI)vu?:>ll.
lSGI-61!. Saciurl F. Wh
1SC3-C4. Jaciei VaD»nC.
. ^o.>-<;t/. Tiiomaa iJ. ^l«eye^.
lSC7-<?. Willi.' lln.Tcs.
Ml'X WilMarii M;.r.-.nilo.
IJTI. Funann I!..l.l-im.
ls:-.'-T4. John D. Wf.!co.lt.
IST>;C. Dukiuioi. .Mo-irc.
1S77. S.imucI P. C.u"n'K>.)n.
1S:S-S-. Jobn S. Price.
Itn CbirK-» W. Llvvley.
IM-i John W. M->rris.

ISlO-^i. r.JwarJ F»5e.
1821. Saiuuel Cox.

Ini-l. J:.U1C9 Allkldi.

ISiJ. Ki.h.ird ^r!'l■?r^r;;J«
lk2«. AulboDV At»riwL
le-ii. MtCI. rm.

ISC:, 1S15. Wir.i:\Dl Koger.
183S. Willl:,n, A. Ero^kj.
IS33-40. Joici-h B. JlcICce
18-11. George A. r.-?.vb-jld.
llMi Abrani 0»en.
1*41. KIwoud ll.Sloku.
U44. S.^niUL-l VaL'jiil.
HIO. Samuel Parker.
1847. Caleb Fl'.-.-niriz.
184ii. Jarucs K. Bry.in.
1S43. Tb..uin> II. Wil< .11.
U5i. Paj-tou r. K^e-I.
1«1. William V. li..rr.,w.
ll<52. John r. Atkiajou.

18CS. Tliolu.i., Sorereijn.
UW-S"!. S-.l-%.i.:k Euslinj.
1K!1. W. Burroiislis.
18S1. J. E\t-y.
^K•A. J.iliu I.. T.i!ft.
1835. Th(,ai 15 Cliri-t-rber.
le:!€. Williim I-ooqiia.

Nazareth I-Iethodist Episcopal Church of Wat-
son's Co.'ncrs. — Tin,- li.a'!iii_' -.-iirly ir-eiiili-.T-; ot" thi-i
orpanizilion were Jacob Loudensl.T^er, Tboma.s .S:ew-
art, llie McK^t-vcis, Kcaiis, l-'razior.--, Wat-^ons, and
others, and Iltv. Mi-.-^srs. Lo".iiieii.-:la^er and .Stewart
were the early preachers and anion^ tiio earlier
pastor^.

A brick chiiroli cdinoe was erected in I'll.a' ■
forty fott south oc' the site i>f the present brii Ic -ir.: .
ture, wliich wa.s built in ISOS, and, v.ltli iKi- jr-.u:. :
aud other church properly, is valued at leu ilio;i-.,:. j
dollars.

The church has a menibersliij> of about sixty, ;;;. i
the attendance at stated meetings is g-->od. Tl:.
present pa-^tor is Rev. .Toseph E. Willcy. The i^u-,.
day-school, under the tuperintendency nC L-:\v i-
Sayre, is in a llonrishin^ condition.

The i>rescnt tru>tces are .Tohn M. .'-'mitli. .Varon ii.
Harris, Samuel D. Keaii, William Simkiiis, A7.ari;i!i
Dickson, .\mos Ilerila^'c, Joshua D. Mickle, J.r.-
miah S. V>'atso!i, and i^amuel V. Jones.

Educational. — The early schools in Upper .Vil.j-
ways Creek township were supported by the volun-
tary p.iynient of tuition by parents, and were call. .1
" pay-schools." These gave way to the public schn-i.-
nnder the operation of the public school law of tl..,-
State.

The township is divided into seven districts, whicii
are named and numbered as below : 32, Horse rraiioli ,
33, Friesbur^; 34. Franklin; -j'j, Washington: 07
Allow.ay; 3S, Pentonville; 39, Fislier.

VILI. ■. .>S .'.NT i:\?'!rTS.

Alloway. — The principal village in Upper All-.-
ways Creek town-liiii is Alloway, situated on .-Ulow.iy,
Creek, in the western part.

The origir.al name of this locality w.is Tlionipsnir-
Bridgc, an appellation which it received in honor.'!
IJcnjamin Thonip.-on, who at oue time owned mo-', c:
the land in the vicinity. It later came to be known
as AUowaystown, a name it bore until June 1. I>j2.
when it was contracted to Alloway.

The first three houses in the villa^ie were built ly
the (.lakl'ord lamily, and were of the style of arclr-
tectuie, examples of which are referred to as "hip-
roofed lirick'' building's. They were some time sini-
torn down to make room for more modern structur.:-.

Among the early store-keepers, Samuel Keen a:', i
Thomas Guest were prominent. Their old stores have
disappeared.

The name of the first keeper of the frame tavern :-
not known. James Ray fir.->t did the honors of it ■•
brick hotel. Henry Freas, a descendant of Ja-'.'
Freas, kept the other many years, and he is the ear-
liest remembered laudlord.

The first re-^ideat physician was \\'illiam I!.u-.:i.
51. D., who relinq'.ii>hed his practice in 183". He "»••
succeeded by the- well-known Dr. Thomas .1. \ar:o>.
who continued to practice until his death in .In.y.
1.SS2. The pre-ent practitioners are Drs. I.ciuUi
Wallace and \V. Lloyd Kwcn.

Alloway, which i.soncof themostcnteriiri.-in^'.ioiii-
of its size ill .Salem County, now contains one hii:i''.r' :
and forty -sis dwelling-. Iv.o diurchcs, a school-li"i;-i.
and various buil'lings, in which dillerent branches • •
trade and ui.inu;a..ture .'iie c.irritd on, aud has a :•'.•'"

TOWNSmi' OF UrPEK ALLOV.'AYS CUKEK.

■JSl

iilaliou of six liuiulred ami Iwo. Its busiiic>s intei-
o>;.s may be siiuinied up a-^ lollows:

Tliroo jreiioral stoics, two groceries*, one hardware-
store and dopot for agrioullural iniplenifiits, one tin-
and hardware-store, tliree butchers, four blaeksinitlis, •
two whcrhvright-sliops, one shoe-store, three shoe- :
shops, two harness-stores, two restaurants, one niilli-
uer, one hotel, one conveyanecr (m;\ster in chancery)
and notary ])ublic, two pliysiciaus, two carpenters and
contractors, one grist mill, one canning-factory, one
chair inanufacturer, one bruah manufacturer, and one
lunibiT-yard.

Watson's Corners. — AVntsou's Corners is a hauilet
containing a church, a store, a blacksmith- and whcel-
wrightshop. a shoe-shop, and cigar-store, and a dozen
dwellings, more or less. The population is eslinialed
at fifty-si.x.

John )•". Watson settled on the Dayton H. Keau
farm in ]S2.5, and about ]*''J moved thence to i)rop-
erty he owned at the "Corners."' Here .Tautes F.
Watson built and opened a ^tore in 1S,".S. It has
since liad several occupants, the prc.ieut one being
Samuel V. Jones.

William Sinipkins, the prcienf blacksmith, began
business hereabout 1810.

For a place of its size and surroundings, Watson's
Corners is in a flourishiug and progres>ive condition.
Freasburg. — This hamlet is named in honor of
Jacob Freas, the German emigrant, who settleil there,
and it contains a church, which he was prominent in
fduiiding, and about half a do/.cu dwellings. It is
."iluatbd in the e.ist part of the town>hip, south of
Watson's Corners, ami about four miles from .Uloway.
Stockiugtown. — Tliis is a couiitry neighborhood a
lilt!'' norib of the centre of the township, extending
fur some ilistance along >everal roads.

Remsterville. — By this name is known a hamlet,
including a grist-mill and a few dwellings, which is
sometimes called Remster's Mills. It is located be-
tween StockingtowM and Alloway.

Peutonville. — Pentonville, a small hamlet in the
western part of the township, «/)nt:iins a brick-yard, a
few dwelling-, and a Union chapel. It was named in
honor of Daniel I'cnton, a former well-known re>i-
dent. William llitchner, his son-in-law, now owns
and lives on a portion of his former possessions, much
of which, after i)assiug through the hands of dilTerent
parties, is now owned by Joshua Scott, the proprie-
tor of the brick-yard. Stores here were formerly
kc|>t by John liidgway, Jonathan I'utcher, Charles-
Crj-pin, ,Je--e McKee, and William llitchner.

Industrial History.— In 1742 or 1743, Ilichard
Wi.-,tar, of riiiladelphia, tlie owner of considerable
land in Upper .Vllouays Creek, con.-tructcd aud put
in successful operation, about two miles above Allo-
v.ay, the second gbi<s-works in the Unitoil St;'.les, the
first one, in Mas-acliusetl-, having been running
'-here about four months. Mr. Wislar's time being
Very fully occupied in looking after his extensive
31 >

estate in Philadelphia, he employed r>(Mii:anin
Thompson, son of William Thompson, of Alloway,
and a young man of great business capacity, to be
the superintendent of the gl.iss-factory, a position
which Thompson filled creditably and successfully
until the establishment was abandoned, more than a
hundred yeai-s ago. The only visible relic of this
business is a portion of a house standing ncai the
old site, which house was built at the time tiie busi-
ness was being prosecuted.

Alloways Creek and its several branches having
alw.iys atforded a good water-power, there have long
been saw-mills and grist-mills in the township.

A grist-mill was early erected near .A.llowaystuwn
by John Holme, from whom it passed, by pnrclia-e,
to Josiah M. Keeves & Urolhers, who built a new
dam fartlier down stream, and dug a long water-
course to enable them to build a grist-mill and a
saw-mill in Alloway village, which they accomplishud
in 1S22. This property w.is owned later by Dallas
Keeves and others, passing to the ownership of
Francis Diameut. It is now owned and operated by
Diament & Son. It contains six runs of burrs and
docs an extensive business.

At Remsterville a grist-mill was early built by
Richard ^\■i^tar, who sold it to William Craig, who
was in jiossession of it many years, duriiig which it
was known as Craig's Mill. After Craig's death tlie
property was sold, and at length passed into the hands
of George Remster, who rebuilt it about lS"i<j. It w.is
owned by George Remster, Jr., after the death ot
Cicoige Remster, Sr., till the death of the former. It
was bought of the execut'irs of George Renister, .Ir.,
about 1 SOi) by Jidin Hitclmer, the present owner, who
repaired it and increase"! its manufactuiing capacity.
Stephen Reeves w;i.-. an early owner of the Hallin-
per flouring-mill. It came into j)Ossr,s<ion (d'.Iohn G.
IJallinger, who was succeeded by Slejdi.n JJullingcr,
the present owner, who rebuilt it.

On n branch that empties into the niain stream
below Alloways is a flouring-mill long known as the
Stephen Reeves mill. It was built by one of the
Oakford-. John Van Cul'n marrifd his daughter and
became the owner.

.\lmost from the beginning of selllemeni there
have been saw-mills in the township. .\t tliis tiu'c
there are fi)ur, owned by John Hitchner, Dianicnt &
Son, Jeremiah X. Watson, and Aaron Haines, all of
\ nunlerate capacity, which have been operated succes-
sively by changing jiroprietors.

The extensive canning-factory of John 11. Davis,
at .Vlloway, was erlabli^hed by the present proprie-
tor in 1S7I. The bu-^iness has grown to .'iucli propor-
■ tions that two hiimlred thou-aud cans of Iruit and
; vegetables arc put up in a season.

A factory for the manufacture of spindles f;r use
i in cotton-mills, which has been an industrial feature
. in this to'.vnfhip, lias recently been removed beyond
> its limits.

482

HlSTOllY OF SALKM COUNTY'.

Jacob Tli:ickra c;t:iblislied a brick-yard at Pcnton-
ville about 1S44. Later John Hee opeiicd another
near by. After a time Tliackra ceased b«sine.<s. Boe
sold out to James Fogg, and tlie latter to Joshua Scott.
Another brick-yard was e-tablished by Smith 1>. t^icl:-
ler, and sold to Mason M. Bennett, from whom it
jKissed to .Foshua Scott in 1SS2. Mr. Scott now con-
trols llie entire brick manufacture of Pentonville, and
does a large .Tnd increasing business.

The brick ajid tile manufactory of Aaron Haines
& Sons, in the northern extremity of the township,
i.s virtually in the soinewhat uncertain boundaries of
Yorketown, in Pilesgrove, and is often referred to as
one of the industries of that village. It w.as estab-
lished by au Knclishnian whose name is not now re-
called, some twenty-live or thirty years ago. Event-
ually it became the property of Asa Reeves, on
whose farm the yard was located. Aaron llaincs be-
came a part owner, and in 1867 sole owner, admitting
hi.5 son, David F. Heeve?<, to a partnership in the con-
cern a few years ago.

The large steamship "Columbus," which plied be-
tween Philadeli)hia and Charleston, S. C, and the
"Stephen Baldwin" and many larger schooners, were
built near Alloway by the Jlessrs. Keeve in the early
part of this century.

Bttrial-Places. — The ohlest j)iiblic liurial-i)laces
in this town-hip arc the Lutheran cliurchyard at
Freasburg and the old Friends' graveyard near Allo-
way. The ne.\t in point of antiiiuily is the grave-
yard in Alloway belongingto the Firot BaptLst Church
of S.Tleni, in which are buried P.aptists who died in
the township prior to the organization of the .\lloway
Baptist Chuich, and in which many internients have
since bf-on made. The churchyards of tlie Melliodist
and ]5aptist Churchesof .Mloway are ne.^t in order of
age. -\nothcr, opened later, is the churchyard of the
Meth'idist Church at Watson's Corners. .Afany of the
early residents are .said to have buried their de.id on
their farms, and a nnndjer of such primitive burial-
places have long since disappeared.

There was formerly a lodge of Freeinnsc^ns at Allo-
way. ]t h.as been e.^ctinct fifty years or more. A hjdge
of IT:iited American Mechanics flourished for a time,
and a lodge of Gi>od Templars also )uid a somewhat
brief e.Ni^teine there. A division of Sons of Tem-
perance, fi)niierly large and influential, is still under
org.inizatiuii in that village.

Alloway Lodge, No. 137, I. 0. 0. F., was iii,ti-
tutcd at .Vlloway July 7, IST-"., with A. M. P. II.
DickiiiMMi, Jacob House, Jonathan House, Jr., Hicii-
ard Trenchard, James It. Barker, Samuel Kay, and
(Jould S. I[itchner as charter members. The first
officers weit .V. M. P. H. l)ickiti.-on, N. G. ; IJithard
Trenchard, \'; G. ; (iould .S. Ilitchuer, T. ; Jonathan
House, Jr., W. ; Jacob Hou.ic, P. S. The following
arc tiio pie-ent olilcers : .Joseph JJonnell, N. G. ;

George W. I'earson, V. G. ; JnUii Jlilchiier, T. ;
Charles Jolnison, W.; Jacob iloii-o, ]'. S.

Franklin Grange. — .V grange hearing the above
desii;nation was organized at Watson's Corner sunic
time since. The grange numbers thirty meiiilHr-,
and the number is constantly receiving addition^.
The following persons were chosen officers: M., H.
Lasvrenee; O., E. Garrison; L., William Miller; .S.,
H. Sweatnian ; A. S., G. Garrison ; C. A. Dickinson ;
T., A. Garri=on ; T., N. K. X. Emmell ; G. 1!., C.
Shimp ; C, Mrs. K. Swcatmau ; P., Mrs. .V. Garrison :
F., Mis. E. Mickle: L. A. S., Mis..Pv. Garrison.

cn\ 1> T L U L X X V.

: TOWN.SllI!' OF I l-pKU ri:.NX',S NHCK.'

j Situation and Boundaries.— Upper Penn's Xcck
! township is situated in the northwest part of the
I county, and is bounded on the north by Oldinari's, on
( the east by Pilesgrovc, on the south by Maiir.iiigion
I and Lower Penn's Neck, and on the west by the
. Delaware Piver.

: Descriptive aud Statistical— Tlie area of Tjipor
Penn's Xeck is ten thousand eight hundred and tliiriy-
, one acres. The surface is generally level. The soil Is
i a light sandy loam, productive of the variety of grains
, and fruits common to this portion of New Jersi'y, llie

■ leading cereals being corn, wlieat, and rye.

! On the northwest the town-hip is watered hy tin.
I Delaware River and sonic inlets and -small tril^ulaiy
j brooks, along its so'.itliern border by Salem Creek, an^l
centrally hy Game Creek and Two-Penny Run and
I conriucnt tritnitaries to the latter two.
• In ISSO the population of Upjier IVnn's Xeck,
including what is now Oldmaii's, was 3302. The as-
' se.-scd valuation of real estate in the township, as now
I bounded, w as i=64.5,S04 in 18S1 ; the valu.-itioii of per-
sonal prol^erly ivas >=349,454 ; its tot;il indebtedness
, was $iJOO,.314. It had .'iSO voters; its poll tii.v wns
' ?.')23, its school tax .■;'2009, and its county tax .^lOoO.

■ It contained 2;'i4 farms in ISSO. Good wagon-roa<is
traverse the township in all directions.

I Settlement.''— In common with Lower Penn's Xec'ic,
i Uj'per Penn's Xcck was largely settled in the pioneer

■ period of its history by the Swedes.

The Swedi.-h family of Xei!>on were large h'li'l
: holders. Henry Xeilsoii, the progenitor of the fauiily,
owned yi.Nteen hundred acres, extending from the l)'.!-
aware River to Salem Creek.

Another ancient family of .Swedi.-h descent are ih'^
i Dolb'iws, who onco pos'-e.ssed largo tracts of land.
. There are a number of persons of the name slili i<-'"
dents of the township.

' Bj Jt. o. r.-.:f».

' ?><• (ilst.,rion ia Indrbl.'d V
tho [■' epnitiofi of tliiit cli.i^'t':

Tt.oniaa slii-iirJ-., l-.'-|.. fur «

TONVNSmr OF UPPEFw I'RNNS NECK.

483

Lucas Pctorson, son of Krick Peierson, was the
owner of nuuli land in Upptr I'lnn's Xci-k. He was
also a Sweiio, and many nu-inber-s of his family have
become well known and influential in various walks
of life.

Thomas Carney was born in Ireland in 17i''.', and
emigrated about 17i?.">, with Williai.i Summerill, to
America, niarryinp: llaun.tli, dausriitir of .lolin Proc-
tor, of Pcnn's Neck. He wa^ a larjre laniiholder, his
possc>sions, loeateJ aloiij: the IXI.nvare, exteu'iinL' to
Game Creek. Tlionias Carney di'.'d in 1784, and )l;in-
iiab, his wife, in 177S. ISoih are buried in the Ejiis-
copal cluirebyard in Lower Penn's Neck. " When
quite young,'' wrote Tliomas Shourds. " I heard sev-
eral aged people speak of the benevolence of H;!iinah
Carney. I'y tradition she was in the practice of {retting
her husband to slaughter a fattening bullock occa-
sionally in the winter. Tlien .'■he, witli a boy to drive
for her, ivitli a pair of oxen and a cart filled with meat
and floni (there were no spring-wa^ions in Paiem Tenth
in those days), would go into the woodsof 0bi-.iu.ii!:\5-
sei, among the poor and laboring classes, who lived in
small loj; dwellinjrs, and there, on a cold North
.Vuiciican winter day, she would disjiense to them
both flour and meat according to their ncce^siiies.
And, above all, she was enabled, by the kindne.ss of
her manner end expressions, to encoiiraL'c the de-
spondent and administer by kind words to the »ick
and atllictcd among them." '

At the death of Tliouias Carney (Istj lie h-ft two
sons, Thomas and Peter Caruey, and two or three
daughters. He devised his property to his sons.
Thomas Carney, Jr., left one daughter to inherit his
laj-gc e.-!ate. v.l-.o married Robert G. .lohnson, of
Salem. Peter Carney, the brother of Thomas, left
two daup-liters, one of whom married Jknjamin
Crl]>ps, of Maii!iingtou, the other John Tuft, of
Saleni. Naoini, the clde.--t daughter of Thomas <;ar-
ney (1st), who married .Tohn Summerill (1st), di'l
not inlierit any of her father's proj.erty ; hut her
dcscendanl.s now, after a lapse of nearly u century,
own the larger part of tlie landed estate once belong-
ing to hor two brothers, Thomas and Peter, including
several large and valuable farms.

The .Summerills are an ancient, well known, and
iiunieroiis family of Upjier Penn's Neck. The most
reli.ible account of this family states that AVilllam
Summerill, in company with Thomas Carney, emi-
iiralcd from Ireland about 172.j, locating in Penn's
Neck. Soon after his arrival he bought a large tract
of land, extending from Game Creek, near its source,
to .Salem Creek, much of which is to this day owned
by his descendants. He and Mary, his wife, resided
ou the i)roperty noiv owned by I'ebecca Summerill
P'lack and fSenjauiin Black, her liusband, which the
former inhcii'e'l from her father. The old mansion-
hou.se was Lurned during the licvolution bv a ma-

rauding party from the Briti.-li lloei lying in tlio
Delaware, opposite Helm's Cove. In ihe pcK.-cs-iun
of a member of the Summerill family is a l:ir>:e
iron jiot which passed through the fire on tli:it
occasion.

John SummcriU married Naomi, daiiglitc:- of
Thomas and Mary Carney, of Carney's Point, and
owned aud lived on the homestead properly pre-
viously referred to, dying comparatively young.

John Summerill (2d) married Christiana Hollon
and had nine children. He was a successful farmer.
and left much excellent land in L'pper Penn's Neck
at his death, in 18.'>4, aged nearly eighty.

John Sumitierill i3d;. son of John (2d), was a man
; of line abilities aud a weli-known politician. He was
■' elected to the State Legislature when quite young,
' and later to the State Senate. He married Emily
' Parker, and died in 1SG5, aged sixty-two. William.
; the third son of John (3d), married Hannah Vanne-
I man, and resides at South Penn's Grove, formerly
1 Helni"s Cove. He is a man of worth and promitier.ee,
1 and has long been identified with im|ioitant public
I and private interests, bidding the offices of judge of
the Salem (bounty courts and director of the Cui.il
I Meadow Company.

i John Stephenson, the great-grandson of Samu.d
] Jennings, emigrated from liiirlinglon County to
! Upper Penn's Neck, but after a few years' rcsidtiiee
j there removed to Manningtoii.

The Lambson family is an aiiiicnt one in l'pper
! Penn's Neck. Thomas and his wife. Ann Lambson.
I came to America in IGflO, locating in this township.
1 Matthias Lambson of the jMesent century owned and
; lived in the ancient brick dwelling near Salem Creek,
i liuilt by his ancestors in 17."0.

In ISOO, Ujipcr Penn's Neck township, though im-
mediately on the Delaware, was very spar.'cly settled.
i Still a |iublic-house was licenced. This was located
I at the "Cove." Subsequently, previous to 1.830, pub-
lic-hou<cs were license.l at Pcdrlcktown, Sculltown,
' and "Middle's," and there were stores at the tbiee
I first-named places. The prominent families in this
j towiishiii, tlieii includiug Oldman's, from ISOO to
j 1S30, were tiie following:

i Adams, Allen, Bevis, Biddle, IJaibcr, Black, llar-
1 ton. Batten, Borden, Corson. Carney, Cook, Diver,
' Doughton, Danser, Dawson, Davenport, Dolbow, E!-
1 well, English, Eisher, Elanagin, Eranklin, Guest,
! Green, Goodwin, Hunt, Harris, Holton, IJumphrcys,
Helms. Johri::on, Jaquett, Kean, Kigcr, K'idd, ICiiby,
. Lynch, Layman, Lamplugh, Leap, Moore, Nii.lio!s,
• Orr, Peter:on, Patterson, Pyle, I'ediick, PilTii-iu,
' llichards, Ilidgway, Suiifinerili, Springer, Siirijikins,
, Sayrcs, Somers, Sjiarks, Scull, Taylor, Urinson,
Vickery, Wright, While, and Williams.

Organization. — This township was creeled by the
' division ol'tlie former lown-.liip of Penn's Neck,- at a

' History of Keiiwlck's Colony, p. I0».

Sei* chrtpt

r tlip orgitiitiiBlliti ofTrtwnr I'unii's .Nsrl.

4S4

IIISTUKY OF SALKM COUNTY.

date net known. Its territory tta.~ rivJuccJ by the
orsr.iuiziition from its aro;i of Ol'liiiairs township in

Civil List. — The recor.ls of ihe animal towii-nieet-
ing^ in U|>i'er Penn"s Xcck prior to lS-!2 arc not in
l)osse<sion of the clerk, ami are not known to be in
existence. Following is a civil li<t from 1S42 to
1SS2, inclusive:

CnOSKN" FKKEIipLDEKS.
IMi-Ji. Thomas FUnagiu.
lS<2-l.i. WiUlivm 5Iiilforil.
1S4*— l**. WiUinui Suuiiuprill, Jr.
lSl'.>-o«, 18UI, IS66-68. Bolwrl

Walker.
lSj4-<iC. Siacy D. Ijiytfin.
]«57-iJ, :^'"ii. Jal^>t. ^^^i■or.
1857-r*. Juwpli Coi'pcr.
lRi9-C0. Isaac Wriflil.
lf.>>-Cl. Julin r<rtor!i.n.

l<f,2. MosM Wright.
liifl. Hv»»rd Grrcn.
18W-M. George W. H«»i«.
le(i:>-01. nenrj Wlillt.
l»67-«, 1S70. William lawi-enct-.
1370-71, IS74-7S. Hoiiry Barber.
1S72-73. Jiilin Sumroerlll.
lS79-«>'i. Charlo- G. .\tliorn.
1S)<1. .\. F. L.i> K II.
1SS2. Wllliani S AiU.

jcsrici:s OF the pkack.

ISO.'. Alfffd T. .lister. I8T0. MaUclii Horivr.

KCi, 1S';7, 1877. Jtfhn K. jAluit'- 1S70. 1^7.'., ISSO. Willi.iin H. PimI-

Inck. rick.

]sli2. Jeimlhnu II. Uni.liTay. It7j. Jnuics S. Uanniili.
IS'.SS, ls7u, IsSO. II. H. lie Grofft.

TOWNSHir CLEUK
1»42-I4. William ^nninirrill, Jr.
IS^II-l";. I>avid Gue^t.
1M7-5II. lienjaiiiin V. ilcCuUMer.
ISil-SJ. John >l Springer.

1^'>4. Ji>iinh DulUxW.

IJiC-6I. WillLiui TiiA>.'y.
1802. JMtpii K. Klhinlon.
is«3. ClmrlK I>. 11. rllago.
IS-Vl-M. K. II. If IJroirt.

1570-71,1874. JsiiirsCaknlnghniu
' 1ST2. r.ngmt F. In- GroC;.
187:1. Waller S. .Springer.
I&7&-it'. lleujariilu V, Bfrau^bn.
1S77. V i:i;.ii,i V. I yi-.,,.
l.s.t-..* lol.M W. TnJl.'bi.:!.

ii'.iv'i. Juii n«Ti>.

ltS2 William F. Vcas'r.

TO\VKSIIU>
IM2- Irt. Jilhn Sumt,ieiill, .Sr.
l?4i-."V7. G.-TKP rttiTwjii
1?4.'- 1!. J lb Biri!..
IPlI-f". Invll WM..r.
1442-1 j. Ili:.;i«:i A. !-prlngrr.
1M4-47. Paiilel Vaaiieniau.
l«l, )S13-54. Tli.>rii.->i Flnnsijlu.
184j-.'VI. Cnbrlfl IMbow.
1847, 1$.V>-6t. Jauii-s Huiym:>n.
1M7-W. John Suuinn-i il^ Jr.
1*43-52, UG;-C-. lUuharJ .Svmer«.
1»2-«1, l«i;l-72, 187*-V2. Wlllliini
SDmoierill, Jr.

1«3% l!»3-llj, 1S7I1-71. .I..>epll H.

Clark.
lS5C-5«. Jvhi. l)lT.-r.
ISitl. Tl.'imii« C. Ilultcn.
1857-61, 1S0a-«8, 18TU-71. fharles

Slapr. .-I.
18S»-«>. DavlJ Coenl.
IMS-**, 187.1. J. M Springer.
lW.I-62. Ifciac Wrli-l.t.
J8CJ, 167:). Jwialj .V. r.rick.
1802. Jacob Sl'les.

1842, IS-H, 18.J0, lj51-ii.5, 181.7-0

Tl...ma» C. I'rice,
l>l:i. 1815. Duil.l S.iiith.
l'-li-»7.U49. Willl,.mF. Wsike
IS If. Mntlhcw \. l>lil.ui<.
l.i.-,I W,x..|I,iirii JIniri.1.1.
1.IS.V2-W. J. K. IX).icl.rl«ick.
1.1i«-57. Saiuliel Kuiii.
lK.'i4-yj. TLoni.i9 ('. Ilolioti.
Ifi'j-Ol. Johns. Locke.

C03I>llTli:i:.
16C2. S.imnel S. Tbi
li<«j. Skic) D. I. i;. '

•.•f.i) .

Un \.'illidiu Tus'..y.
, 18«4-C«, 187«-7j. J.ueph C«jper

180.'. CbarliH H.iiiipbrLy, Sr.

IKiJl-71 F. K. Uiirner.

ls7i-7';. H. H. IixGrum.

1872, Thoinai Wcatlicrby.

1872. P. I). Diver.

187:1-70. l:..b. ri Walker.

lWi-78 J. R. Justus.
' l<{74-76. Jonathan Malison.
I 1874. Jwcph li. Wialhi^rl y.
I l>7.%-7''. Jul. II A.IVath.ier.
I 1877. J.'hn IVrfy.

1877-7H. Gi.I-oii Allen.

1677. Jacob Filtlur^r.

Ie7«. gjutv I). I.aytuii.

IS79. Samuel Glren.

1879-Sn. William Lawrence. '

1S!>0. Willial.i Ti;«ey.

1881-82. Gei>rKe W. IVvis.

188i->:;. Geurg'.. W. Hewitt.

1S'12. .".It. I...,i,.
18fl.'?-&l. Airr..il r. Jester.
1864-rK!. William Tiutcy.
1870-71. U. II. DiOruni.
Ie72, 1875-70. \Vi;:i-im Ijiwro
1873-71 Charb. 11. Heritage.
I>fi7-T. Jacob Sailor.
I87»-S<), Oeor;:)- W. Ileniit.
inny-i'i. O'rorije ."=. Kille.

1<I."-14. Gabrii-l Ik.llww.
l!.4.'.-l7. rh.iroas Flauii.iu.
ISIS^^'J. William Summerill,
IS.-JJ-.M, lSiV(-ft4. J:.9. H. CI It
18.-|2-M. Oiarles Sl.iiw.
UCl-.V,. Ititnc Wiishi.
lS5<J-"-7. Alfre.lSit.ipkini.
18-'.S-J9. l~eur;e PulVw.

.-.1. Willir

i: .s>.i

1 lui

ISV.. Sanuu-l C. Springer.
l'i6&-07. Samuel lUin.
I.'.O^. Jt»seph L. Ilonior.
1*70-71. Daniel V. SiliiinK-r
l.*7-.;-74. E. A. Vniilieman.
1875-82. Josinli Sun-.inerill.

1S42

COSSTAHLES.
.■.-■, lSo4, 1850, ISCO-Kt, 1873- 1657-5!

74. Shadracli PeJtick.
1S42. Thomas Bobbins. -
1S4:I-I4. JUtlbcw N. Dubois.
1845-40. Hubert Simpkiiis.
1847. James S. Stratton.
1818, lsVi-58. William Ilolloli.'
le.')!. Alfred Simpkiiis.
1853-54. Thorns? I>. C. Smith.
18.53. Sliedlutk I'ancoilBl.
18&5. William F. Hunt.

1657-59. David llillni.in.
18(;<v-64. George Dnllww.
1SG3-74, 18VC-77, 188'2. . Jusiali

Kidd.
1,5:.'.. Daniel IWiirn.
1877. Willi.ini P. Titus.
Is7>-S0. Alfred Liiytoa.
1S7S. Samuel Stanley.
1S79. ISartlni- Vliliagin
18*0. Albert Stetser.
1<81. Vriah liid.llo.

SCHOOL SITERISTKSDESTS.
1847-49, lS54-S7,lf59-01,lS*V!-C7. . 1»,5S, Jlayliew John^.n.

J. K. I.ouderUtk. , 18G2. John S. Locke.

185i>-53. Tliouins Reeves.

SCHOOL C031MITTEE.

1842-^6. William K. Hunt. ' 1814-40. Henj;.l:!iu F. JIcAlli,ler.

184:VM. James E, Duulmni. 1>4>>. William Snmmerill.

)84.'-Jj. William C. Mulfonl.

Public Schools.— The ciirlie.^t siilinols in Upp^'r
Pr-iin's Nock were held at I'enn s Grovt; and viuiuily,
ar.il were condiicled upon tlie well-uiulerstood ;ii'.-
neer '•pay-school" sy.-lem. School coinniissioncr-
Were elected for inanyyctirs prior to 18-47, and school
superintendents from that date until 1862. Under
the system at present in vo^uc throngliout Xuw .Irr-
sey, this towiisiijp is divided into five .school district<.
known as Central District, No. 46 ; Cove District, No.
40; Writrht Di-lricl, No. 50; AVilcy Di-^'.rict, No. :il ;
I'enn's (J rove District, No. b'2.

The scho(ds of Upper Penu's Neck iiie well < "n-
dticlcd and kept in coml'oruibU- buildings, and com-
pare favorably with the otlitr public m'IiouIs ihrouirli-
out .S:ilein County.
! Methodism in Penu's Grove. -The only rtli-iou-
' worship in Upper Penn'.s Neck is held by two Metli-
' odist or-aiiizations, known as the Melliodisl ]V|)isc<)p:.l
I and Metlu.di.-t Protectant Cliuiches of I'cini's firovo.
The first mentioned dates back to ihe bt^riiuiina "'
the reii,i.'ious history of tlic to\vn-hi|).

The Methodist Episcopal Ch«rch.~Maiiy yean
b'jfore Methodism in Pcr.n's Orovc a.ssu.-,ifd an or-
ganic form prayer- and cla=.--r;iectiiis;s were otcusioii-
ally held iiv pri\ate house? by ilie few Jtethodi'^i:
si-attcred through the country, liohlin;/ Uioir njembcr-
shipeitlier at Perkiiitown or Piic.-jrrov..-, appoinlincii'-
i on the Swedcsboro Circuit that have long since hoM

ab.sorbed by llie surrounding cciitn.H of po|)uhitioi,.
i The Swetlesboro Circuit was formed in IS.":), wil.i
Riv. Richaifl J'etlierbridf,'e a.s presiding elih-r, an"
Revs. John Walker and William U. Stephens :>-
I'TCftchers in charge.

Within a circuit of th.-ee mil.s from Pei.n's Orov

TOWNSHIP OF UPPER PENN'S NECK.

4S5

only tlie Collowin^ Mctiiotlist liiinilies livol at that
liiiu*: .)i>liii Hiilmn's, Joliii Suiunioriirs. Daniol V.m-
iiom:inV, ]iurti>olunic\v Sliie-", Jolin IVmua's, and
James S. Spri Hirer's. In lS;j4 tlie Hclia's Cove ■
seliool-lioiHC was bui't, and religious services were
licld tlierc-iii. John Hwjua.a local iloaoon, who lived
about a inilo away, and was a mcniher of the Piles- ]
),'rove Church, with other local preachers and ex- |
horters, hold regular reliirious services on Sunday [
afternoons. ;

Rev. William II. Stephens died in the fill of 1*33, '.
and was succeeded by I'ev. Robert Lntton. In 1S35,
Revs. William Williams and Josiah F. Canfield came
on the circuit, and the Cove school-house was placed on
the list 01 appointments. The traveling preachers each
held services once in four v.icks on Monday eveninss. •
In January, 1S3G, the first class was formed, consisting
of John JJoiiua. Martha Roqua, his wife, Hannah,
Catharino, and .Vnn Bofjua, his daughters, and Daniel ,
Vannenian, Ilaunah. his wife, ilary Flanagan, and
Rebecca .Sack, with John Jioqua as loader. About .
this time Rev. R. E. Morrison was appointed to the '
circuit, r.nd Rev. Josiah V. Canlield was reap|>ointed. |

In 1837, Rev. R. E. Morri-on was reappointed to
the tircuii, with Rev. Oeorge Jennings as his col-
Iciipuc.

Revs. John K. Shaw and Edward Stout came on
the circuit in 1S3S. In May the Sunday-school was '
organized, with James Denny as superintendent. He
met with strong opposition, but with the liolp of a
few earnest workers succeeded in establishing the
school. Among the teachers were Ann Boqua, Re-
becca Sack. Thomas llolton. and Ann Stimmerill.
The following year Revs. John K. Shaw and Abra-
ham I. Truitt served tlie circuit. In IS-JO, Rev. George
A.Rcxbobi uas appointed, and Rev. Abraham I. Truitt
reappointed to the charge.

Revs. Sedgwick Rusling and J. W. MclJuugall
were appointed to the circuit in 1841. This year the
Harmony school-house was built, on ground given by
Joseph Guest, near the site of the preient Penn's
Grove public school building, and a second Sunday-
school was organized to meet in the new building,
which was more con\cnictil lor a number of children
than the Cove school-house had been. In 1S42, Rev.
Sedgwick Fiusling was rciippointed, with Rev. Noah
E<lwards a-< his colleague. The apj)ointments to the
circuit in 1S43 were Revs. Thomas G. .Stewart and S.
V. Monroe.

On the 26th of August, ]84.\ James Denny, Robert
Walker, William Lock, D.ivid Smith, and James D.
Siropkins were elected trustees. In Xovcmber, at the
Cove schooi-liou.sc, Daniel Vanneman and William
Surnnicrill were chosen additional trustees. The
board immediately organized, with William Suni-
"lerill as president, ami Daniel Vanneman as treas
urer, and .■•ssumed the name of Emmanuel Methodist
Epi.itopal Churcli of I'enn's Grove, filing a certificate
of incorporation. Feb. T2, 134G,on a lot i.urcha.sed of

John Smith, a brick church, forty-live feet by thirty-
seven, was completed, at a cost of about two thousand
two huiKhed dollars, by James D. Simpkin-, builder.
and Clement A. Borden, ma.son.

In 184'">, Revs. Joseph .Vtnood and John S. Roeg e
were appointed to the circuit, and were returned in
1S46. The two Sunday-schools were united, cliiefly
through the instrumentality of Augustus Cann, who
was the first superintendent of the school thus formed.
His successors have been John Daniels, Jacob Stan-
ton, J. K. Louderback, J. H. Clark, J. P. I'.ennott,
and W. H. Bilderback. In 1S47 and 1.84?, Revs.
Mulford Day and James Limg were ap])oinled to the
circuit. They were -succcoded in l'*4Si by Revs. .\. K.
Street and Joseph Gaskill. In ] SoO, Penn's Grove and
Pcnnsvillc were detached from the circuit and be-
came a separate charge, known as Penn's Neck, where
the jiarsonage w.is located. Rev. George Hitchens
was the first pastor, and servcil two years. In 18.")2
and ISoo, Rev. David Graves was appointed to the
charge. He was a radical and. some thought, a
violent temperance advocate, and he created a great
.sensation upon that question.

Rev. r!artn<domew Need was pastor in 18.54 and
1855.

In 18-')G aud 1857. during the )>astorate of Rev. II.
B. Bccgle, there were numerous .icccssions by conver-
sion. In 1858 and 1859, Revs. C. S. Downs and Levi
Ilorr were on the charge. In 18i>0 Penn's Grc>ve was
detached from Penn's Neck, and became a sejiarate
charge, with Rev. George Hitchens as ))a.stor. He
was reappointed iu IStil.

Rev. Hamilton S. Norris was pastor in 1SC2 anil
l>;<i3, and enjoyed a prosperous pastor.ite. In ISGt
and 1SG5, Rev. James F. Morell was pastor. In ISGG,
Rev. Joseph Ashbrook canio on the charge, and was
the first pastor who remained three years. Rev. Jo-
seph G. Crate became pastor in 1SC9, and also re-
mained three years. Rev. S. Town.sond was pastor
in 1872 and 1873. The Harmony scliool-house,
where prayer- and class-meetings had long been held,
was now sold, subjecting the society to the expense
and inconvenience of renting a suilaMe [dace for
such meetings.

In 1877, Rev. J. H. Payran became pjistor. Rev. J.
B. Turpin succeeded Rev. Mr. Payran iu 1880, and he
is the present jiastor. The ad'airs of the church have
prospered under his man.igemeut. The present mem-
bership is 45i3, and the combined Sunday-schools in-
clude 05 ofiicers and teachers and 555 scholars. The
church projierty is valued at ^oUOO.

Metliodist Protestant Church,— In 18G0, Joseph
Ciue^t and a number of others withdrew from the
Metliodist Episcopal Church of Penn's Grove and
formed a Mc-thodi.it Protestant Society, which wor-
ships in the "Mariners' Bothol," at the corner of
Harmony and Pcnn Streets, which was built in 38GI
by Mr. Guc.-r, and purcl-.ased by thi.s organization in
1373.

48C

HISTORY OF SAJ.EM COUNTY.

This society Iiiis been signally active and persever-
ing, ai!(I lias fairly won siicli success a* it has had.
J'rom the first it has had an efficient Sunday-school,
and through it has raised considerable sums of
money, which has been used for the advancement
of its spiritual and material interests.

Formerly this was a station on the Bridgeport,
Pt-nu's tirove, and Pedricktown Circuit, and was
served by the pastors of that circuit. Since it be-
cjime a charge the following jjastors have served it
in the order named : Picvs. J. W. Laughlin, 1S72-73;
W. Irvine, 1S7:J-71; Jacob M. Freed, 1S74-7C;
George S. Robinson, 1S70-7S; J. \V. Laughlin,
1S7S-7!!; J"hn L. ^Vatson, 1S7<i-Sl>.

Penn's Grove. — The only village in I'pper Penn's
Neck is Peim's Grove, which includes the old village
so called and Helm's Cove, or South Penn's Grove, as
it is now known. Previous to the year 1S20, Penn's
Grove contained only one house, and that is now a
part of the store-house on Main Street occupied and
owficd by S. P. Leap. There was a frame house on
what was known as Pogue's fishery, on tlie Pogue
farm, at the ujjper end of Penn's Grove, now owned
by Joseph Guest, and also a small cabin was situated
near wliere Layton's slaughter-house n-iw stands.
There w:.s a lailrfiiig about where the present bridge
or pior stands, whence cordwood and other produce
was shijiped. The riverfront above and below the
latiding was grown up with briers and bushes at high-
water mark.

There was also a public landing for the purpose of
loading and shipidng cortlwood on Pogue's farm.

During the winter of 1828 and 1829 a company was
organized, called the Wilmington and Xew Jersey
Steamboat Company, of which Joseph I'ailey , of Wil-
mington, Del., was the president. This conipany, the
members of which were citizens of Wilmington and
New Jersey, purchased a piece of land of .\ndrew
Dolbov; and others, on which they erected a bridge,
by driving posts and planking them over, to enable
stciiiiiboats to land, and the same year tliey built a
steamboat called tlie " Xcw Jersey," a small side-
whoet boat, which ran from Wilmington to Penn's
Grove a number of years. The first captain of tlie
boat was Josiah Abbot, of Wilmington, who built
the brid;;c for the company.

TLc company creeled the brick tavern-house now-
owned by C Klkinton, and had it licensed as a hotel
the s.-inie year, and Sir. Wolf, of Wilmington, was the
fir.-t landlord. About the same time a public road
was laid out from tlie fool of the bridge to the Ped-
ricktown and Cove road.

The bridge wa.s a frail structure, and the ice car-
lied the greater jiart of it away the first or second
winter after it was built. After rebuilding it, the
company ir a fev." years sold the bridge and house to
Isaac Hiirff, and in 18-18 Charles Klkinton purchased
them both, anrl improved the bridge liy sinking piers
and building a solid stone wr.ll a part of the di.-:tai)C'.'

from the shore; but during the winter of 1S54 the in
swept away all of the structure except the piers I'.ii.i
stone wall.

Mr. Elkinton declining to rebuild the bridge, a
stock conipany was formed, for the beiiofil of tin-
- commntiity, known as the "Penn's Grove Pier Com-
pany," which bought the bridge of ]Mr. Elkinton,
: Oct. G. ISoo, and it is still in possesion of the same.
From the time of the foundation of the Wilming-
ton and New Jersey Steamboat Conipany the village
began slowly to improve. The land where the prin-
cipal )iarl of the village now stands was owned by
. Isaac Hurff and Joseph Guest, and at tlie death of
Mr. Ilurll'his heirs sold all the projierty belonging to
' them in building lots to dilTcrcnt individuals at a pub-
lic vendue.

There has been for a long lime one licensed hotel
' in the place, and for a short period there were two.
' French's Hotel is a well-kept and popular house,
' and is well filled with boarders in the suiiiincr sea-
son. It is a noted place for excursions from'Phila-
i delphia. Wilmington, and other ]>laces during tin-
; summer, there being a fine grove in connection wilh
' it. Joseph (i. French, the present proprietor, took
: possession in 1869. The travel by steainlioats to and
from the place is very great. One boat runs regu-
larly from Wilmington, and makes from one to four
trips a day. Two boats usually make daily trips
from Salem to Philadel|)hia, stopping at Penn's
Grove each way, and frequently there are several

• boats at a time landing excursionists upon the
pier. Four freight-boats arc engaged in carrying
truck and ditTerenl kinds of marketing from Penn's
Grove to Philadelphia. A railroad was built from

[ Woodbury to Penn's Grove in 1S7G, and there are
four daily trains each way, carrying the mails each
way twice. There has been a stage-line from Woods-
town to meet the boats ever since the Salem boal.-^
have been .slopping at Penn's Grove.

The fishing interest is a business of considerable
importance, and brings a large amount of money into
the place, and furnishes em;doyment for quite a
nuniber of jiersons. The fishing is not confined to
shad and herring, for quite a business is carried on
in sturgeon-catching, for which purpose a large house
or factory has been erected, where the sturgeon are
prepared in a marketable form, frozen, and kept in
a proper condition until sbijjped to the Philadelphia
and New Y'ork markets. Most prominent among
those identified wilh the fisheries are Prukens i<
Dikeman, William A. Sack, Torton .>i IJiohni, and
Charles A. Dolbow.

The place contains several general stores, a hard-
ware-store, two carriage- and wheelwright-shops, two
blacksmith-shops, two .shoe-sboi>s, one bakery, two
barber-shops, one tobacco-store, four saloons, two
coal-yards, one limekiln, two Hvery-stables, om'
butcher, and, in the fall .ind winter, two nieat-stan'!.--.

• two pool-iooins, a ship- yard, and two iiiillinery-.slioi---

TOWNSHIP OF UPPEU PKXXS NKCK.

487

T)ie Od(.l-Fcllows own :i large hall, in which is a
large leoturc-nioin. There are two churches, one
^fethodisl Epi.-co|ial and ihc other Protestant Meth-
odist, and one public school, in which thri e teachers
arc employed.

Among the best-known bnsiness men not mentioned
elsewhere are S. U. Leap i<c IJrother, William Denny
A- r>rotlier, George S. Shannon, merchants; William
11. Hil.l'.rb.ick, dealer in Imrdware; Tlicophilus Paul-
lin, Williaiu Denny, wheelwrights; Samuel Cothern,
James C>i:iningham, blacksmiths; .lohn llennen-
mcyer, George .Stanton, shoemakers ; Dr. M. ,Iohn';on,
AllVed Kobbins, druggist;* ; James W. Loughlan,
editor aii'l pn Wisher; Henry Darker, proprietor of a
limekiln and coal-yard; James S. Hannah.

A few years ago a newsjiaper was started, called
The J'tiiii's Grotr Jlevvrd. It aims to give the local
news, and is published weekly by James W. Laughlan.

South Perm's Grove, formerly " Helm's Cove,"
about a half-mile down the river, is a much older
business place than Ptcn's Grove. The land was
formerly owned by one Helms, from whom the place
took its name.

There have been four licensed hotels in the place,
but not over two at one time. The names of the dif-
ferent landlords who kept inns arc Kdmund Adam.i,
Jame." Mo(,'ol lister, Wiliiani Lawrence. Kurman Fen-
ton, Ciiar!e> Dolbow, Charles I'.ilderbick, John Diver,
and Cathar-iie Diver i^ Son.i, who, in 1S07, closed the
hotel and invited their neighbors to help take down
the sign-j<ost. Theirs was the la.st hotel in the place.
South Pcnn'.i Grove contains at this time one store.
The old store-house was built by .Vdiim Harbeson
near a century ago, and kept by him for soine time.
Samuel IJonlen succeeded him, and after him Michael
AValkerand Daniel Vanncman. James rjherron pur-
chase<l tlie property and kept a store for some time,
and in 1^2'.) .sold it to John Summerill, Sr., who, with
his son, John Snmmerill, Jr., commenced business
under the name of Summerill & Son. The firm con-
tinued lor some time, when the elder Summerill with-
drew his name, and the business was conducted by
John Summerill, Jr., who about this time enlarged
the business.

Previously it had been a small country store. He
now added grain, lumber, coal, cordvvood to his other
business, and became interested in vessel properly,
and continued up to ihc time of his death, which
occurred in IS'J.O. After his death his son, John Sum-
merill. and Samuel I!, llolton conducted the business
four years, when the hitter withdrew fiom the firm,
and Joseph ('. Sunii.icrill and J.jhn Summerill, sons
of John Summerill, went into bu^lMcss under the firm-
name of John .Summerill ic Prother.

There has been a ship-yard upon tlie Catharine
Diver |>roperly, along the shore, as long as the oldest
inhiibiiaiits have any reeollcction. 'J'lie place in former
years had a (.ublic landing, where hundreds of cords
of wood v.cre piled for shiinncnl lo Phiiadelpiiia.

There is now a wharf at the foot of the main street,
whence packets run during the season lo Philadel-
phia wiih all kinds of [irnduce, and from which arc
lauded lumber, coal, and other merchandise.

There Inis been a blacksmith-shop in the village
for some thirty years. U was established by William
S. Dayton, and after his death Thomas' Norcross oc-
cupied it for two or three years, since which Albert
l'\i.\ has conducted the business. A wheelwright-
shop was established in the jdace by Theophilus
Pauliu, about the same time thesmilhery was started,
and has been occupied at liitt'erenl times by Augustus
Jacobi, Chester Dilks, and otiiers.

The business of gill-Cshing in Helm's Cove is car-
ried on quite extensively. Some eighteen nets are
fished by the inhabitants. The cost of each net and
boat is about two hundred and fifty dollars. They
earn from three hundred dollars to one thousand dol-
lars each yearly, and each net furnishes employment to
two, sometimes three, men. There are about thirty-
five houses in the village of South Petin's Grove, and
about two hundred inhabitants.

Industrial and Commercial.— The principal iu-
dustry of the townsliip nt large is agriculture. The
soil is well adapted lo raising sweet potatoes, melous,
anil other truck, all of which arc produced in abun-
dance and shippe<l to market daily through the
season. Wheat, rye, and corn are grown in large
quantities for export. Many lomatoe.s are raised.

There was from a comparatively early period a
small ship-yard at Penn's Grove. It has not been in
existence for many years. Occasi<uially, however, a
shalloi^ or other small boat is built there. From time
immemorial there has been a ship-yard on the Cath-
arine Diver properly, at .South I'enn's Grove. Miijor
Denny wiis the first builder there, and continued the
business while he lived, in connection with his sous.
David and James, and after the death of the elder
Denny, about lS?d, James conducted the business
until ISJo, when John Vawcctt and James Lock oc-
cupied the yard for some time, after which tlie firm
of John and Peter I'awcett took and retained pos-
session of the yard until the death of the latter, in
187S. Since that time John Fawcelt and Josei>h
Dougherty have conducted the business.

Kvcr since the beginning of improvenienls in this
towiiship measures have been frei|ueutly adopted to
drain marshy lands and to improve navigation. As
, Ciirly as 1783 an act was passed to enable owners of
swamp and mar=h-moadow lands to re))air banks, and
since that day much money has been expended, with
considerable success, both in a ])rivate and a public
manner, to reclaim submerged or marshy territory.
The canal from Salem Creek lo the Delaware, across
the southern extremity of Upper Penn's Xeck and
the northern part of Lower I'enn's Xeck, was pro-
, jected in ISOl, and completed in its present prac-
ticable form, after several failures, about tliirteeu or
fourteen year= ago. It serves the double purpose of

483

HISTORY OF SALEM COUNTY.

dniiiiins low lands and shortoiiin;^ the n:ivip;atinn to
the Dcliiware.

The linn of John .Siiiiiniorill it IJiotlier are heavy
dealers in lumber and shingles. Their coal trade is
also very large. Nearly all the grain produced in
this section of the country is put on the market by
this firm, wlio have handled one hundred and thirty
thousand bushels of corn in a season, that being the
surplus product of this vicinity. Gilling-tnine forms
an important part of their busine.ss, the firm being im-
porters of tlic golden Irish gill-thread. They sell an-
nually several thousand pounds. The oflice of !?um-
merill A Jlires. importers of Orchilla guano, i* at
South I'cnn's Grove. The firm is composed of the
firms of John Summerill it lirother, of IVnn's
Grove, and Hires & Co., of Quinton.

Few towns are more desirably situated for the suc-
Cfcs.sful prosecution of the canning business than
I'eiin's Grove. It is surrounded by an abundance of
land admirably adapted for the growth of fruiLs and
vegetables, while the peouHar composition of the
soil imparts to them a rare richness. Kspecially is
this so of the tomato, which here gains a rich flavor
that heavier land does not bestow. And then the
town itself i.s sufficiently populous to provide the
large number of hands the industry requires, while
the river and railroad aflbrti easy access to markets.

Acting upon these fact^, in li>79. D. Peterson and
F. W. Tus-sey, under the lirin-naii:e of Peterson A:
Tussey, started .1 small I'aetory fur tlie canning of to-
matoes, more as an experiment than as a permanent
business, though with the idea of continuing and en-
larging the enterprise should the patronage of the
farmers and the laborers warrant it.

The first year the pact did not exceed five thousand
cans. Tlic name of the braiul was "Standard." In
ISSO the firm was enlargeil by the admission of John
Summerill & lirother and Jo-ia)i Summerill, the firm-
name changed to Summerill A: Co., and the brand
was changed It. " ,Ter;ey's Favorite."' New buildings
were erected and every facility introduced for a larger
pack, which reached sixty thousand cans. In ISSl,
J. C. Summ( rill, Sr., purchased the int«Tests of Peter-
son & Tussey, the original firm. More buildings
were erected, a new boiler of fifty horse- power put in,
the best canning-machinery purchased, and every
facility for the prompt handling of the goods and
the safety and general comfort of the laborers intro-
duced. That year the pack exceeded one hundred
and sixty thousand cans, for which a market was
readily found. In Ifiii, at the decease of J. C. Suui-
i;itri!l, Sr., his interest was taken by Joseph J. Sum-
merill. During this year everything liiat experience
lias shown to be necessary has been added, so that
this now ranks as one of the most complete canning
cslablislimfttits in the State. The interior of the works
is toDvcnienlly arranged f>ir the different processes of
manufacture, and is light and well ventilated, and
prcvidcd with liie most elfieieni machinery for the

l>ronipt doing of work in every department. This
firm packs nothing but " cold hand-]>acked" toniators,
and warrant every can for one year after being packnl,
so that their trade-mark is a suflicient guarantee to
the consumer that ho is receiving the best in tli.-
market.

They contract with tlie farmers to grow tomatue-
for them, picking nothing but the best and that of
uniform quality. During the canning season fnim
seventy-five to one hundred hands are employed.
Quality is always packed in preference to quantity,
and so good is the reputation of the brand that "Jer-
sey's Favorites" are eagerly sought after in Philadel-
phia, New York, lialtimore, London, aud other large
markets.

The fisheries, which form no inconsiderable part of
the industrial intere.-t in Upper Penn's Neck, are
referred to elsewhere.

A Remarkable Incident.— Tiie history of I'ppcr
Penn's Neck would be incomplete witliout a narra-
tion of the folkiwing wonderful event: In the I'mU 01
li'il a menagerie was being conveyed from AVilniiug-
ton to Penn's tiiove by the steamboat " New Jersey,"
i-ii route for Salem. The boat had to make two trips
tobring the entire show across. It was dark. A large
elephant was brouglit over the firj-t trip. The custom
of the showmen was to drive the ele]diaiits, after land-
ins, Uj) the road, there to wail until the whole caravan
was ready to move forward. On this occasion the cle-
I>hant, instead of waiting, started on and took the nji-
river road, and after continuing a short distance
turned oil' in a by-road through the woods, crossing
the property of John Holton and the Hiddle farm, to
the Pedriekt')wn road, thence making his way up that
road a short distance to a gate ofiening upon a pri-
vate way acro^s the farm of Kinear Latchem. Tiii'
led into the woods and swamps known as Quillytown,
a wild region of country with few inhabitants.

The elephant stayed in the woods that night aud
the next day. The following night he came back by
the way he had gone the night before, when he had
broken all obstructing gates and fences in his pas-
sage. When he arrived at Penn's Grove, not having
had his regular meals, it is supposed he had a good
appetite. Noah Humphreys, the hotel-keeper, had a
small building for the storage of feed. The elephant
knocked in one side of this building and ate what
oats he wanted, then went along the shore above the
pier, where lay a small bateau above high-water mark.
Whether the anchor was in the boat or not is not
known, but theelephaat took the boat from the shore
and half-way acni?s the river, where it was found
anchiired the next morning. The elt[>hant having
left it, he struck out alone for the Deliiwarc shorir, and
landed at Quarryville about sunrise.

The workmen at the quarry had just come to their
work, when an Iri'^hman saw him coming a^hore.
He exclaimed, " Be jabers, there comes a sea-lioss !'
The elephant had a short piece of chain around hi-'

'^^'^^^ ^^/^

TOWNSHIP OF UPPER PENNS NECK.

4S9

(

leg, with wliu-li tlie ivorkmcn tastcnoil liiin to a small
tree when li.» came out of the water, atnl elaiiiied liim
as a prize, and reliise'l to let the owner have him un-
k-ss he paid tliein fil'ty dollars, which he refused to
Jo, hut olT-red a barrel of whiskey instead. The
workmen refused the wliiskey, and tlie owner had to
go to New Castle and get the sheriiV in order to obtain
liosseiision of his property. The quarrymen received
nothing. The elephant was brought over on the boat
and taken to Woodstown, where the nhow was on ex-
hibition that day.

LOl)(JK.S.

Mural Lodge, No. 86. 1. 0. 0. F., of Penn's Grove,
was in.<titute.i Dee. 14, li^lS, with the following cliar-
ter members: Woodbiirn Mulford, P. G. ; .James M.
Saunders, Tliomas licevcs, lienjamin F. MoCallister,
Frank I). Mulford, P. G.

The first o(iiccrs installed were Thomas Keeves,
N. G. ; J. M. Saunders, V. G. ; D. P. McCallister,
?ec. ; Woodlnirn Mulford, Treas.

Tlie oflicers serving in September, 18S2, were 1'.
.M. Featherer, X. G.; .Tohn D. Harris, V. G. ; II. 51.
Flanasin, Rec. Sec; E. P. Barnarl, Per. Pec; Sedg-
wick R. Leap, Treas.

The lodge numbers eighty-five menibers, and meets
every Thursday evening.

Paradi.se Encampment, No. 41, I. 0. 0. F., of
Penil's Grove. — 'J'his encampment was insiituted
Nov. IC, ISii;). In September, lSj::i, the principal
officers were as follows: C. P., John W. Trumbull;
S. W., U. a IJiddle; J. W., II. M. Flanagin; Scribe,
C. G. Aborii ; Treas., .1. Featherer; H. P., J. F.
l.:\vton.

Union Lodge. No. 38, K. of P.— This society w.as
organized under .i charttr dated J:'n. 12, 1870, with
the following-named ihartcr mcnibers :

. Ilsgcii.

S. B. I.c.ip.
J. Q A. Denny.
J..hn n. LIjv.I.
William T,.n»r<'nc(>.
bvoJ«ri,lri ^Mvcia.
Chprlra Uuurn.
Samuel B. Uultoli.
LdwnriJ llotinsoo.
DavM n. L'ap.
Jolifi r. li'irnett.
Alfrxl .Siiii|>kin9.
Tboniud Norlua.
Jacub Caltlo.

Jeri'liiiii
llfnry IJarbcr.
Jubn Slni|>kiii>.
Joi.'i ill U. Krench.
Jo«**|«h It. KIMiitou.
Joliu C. IVteiKon,
Jc«epli D. Yuukcr.
Orulgp Kikinloii.
James R. Smith.
IVrker Fi-noniore.
Jolin W. Tli'iinjison.
Jani<-$ A. lienriy,
S. P. f mil/..

Following are the names of the jirincipal oflicers
serving in .Se|>lember, 18S2: C. C, Joseph Whitaker;
V. C, Joseph Pobbins; K. of 11. and S., George W.
Hcvis; M. of F., J:i,nies Cunningham.

Viola Cottncil, No. 20, Jun. 0. U. A. M.- Viola
Council of the Jiinior Order of Unilfd American
Mechanics was instituted .June 11,1';73. The charter
members were the follo.viiig:

W illari) Shriner. Eriiei-t lirlglu.

Ilurrw;;!'" JiiMitli. Bii-lianl L.->yl.)n.

Jw jtl: niri-r. Kliuk FcKllmer.

William Smillr. Ilu«..vr.l Il»wiU.

J-si^l.l: T CnnA. W llliam Ulsgin".
Ciwoofl I'uwM-y.

Thepriiicipal officers in service in Sei>tember, l^Si.
were: C. Joseph Paulin ; V. C, Xorval Leap; Rec.
Sec, Job Bcvis. /

Acton Post, No. 33, G. A. R.— Actor-. Po.t, Xo.
3:>, (^ratid .\rniy of the Koinililic, was instifuted Xov.
S, 1S70, with charter members as follows :

11. II. l>o<irom.
Isaac r. !finji«on.
Georjce C^wk.
.I.iiii-s IloU.'r.
Georpe M. P.vlc.
John S. L1...VJ.
John l:. Wilson.
Villiam II. Harris.
H. II. nij.lle.
JitmK P. nuUer.
re.iil'Orlon I'ierce.
Suiuuel f. WarJ.
F.li.is niick.
John V. Vnlkr-r.
Ilenry M. Klanigan.
Jai'ios F. Layton.

Joreminh S. ISiildlo.
Thomiis J. While.
Charlos Eni-li«li.
niilij. Milk.
Ch.irh'S Si.mers.
Alfred Sioipkins.
James Arnt&lron^.
Adain Jess.
Jesse Ilolton.
Josel»li Mtirphy.
Janice Murphy.
John Moore.
Williiim llorJon.
Daniel Myers.
J..ttnes Moore.

The more prominent officers were as follows in the
fall of 1882: C, U. H. De GroHt ; S. V. G., Charles
Pierson; J. V. C., S. P. Ward; tj. .M., D. C. Sin.p-
kins; Adjt., J. S. Riddle.

Samaria Lodge, No. 14. Masonic Ladies, of
Penn's Grove.- -Samaria Lodge was instituted Xnz.
12, 1870, with t!ic following charter members:

lil.oJn II. Dalii.
Kiriah S->mera.
Caroline ]>. Biudcl).
.^i,n.. M. J.'.-dao.
Jl.iry K. Londcrb.'tck.
Km« Jiwliee.
3(hry \. l.aylou.
Carvdito. V. Fuwcet.
iL^rhel P;illlng«r.
llani.ali 31. Norton.
Annn T. ll„nnnh.
.va-nh Morr.r.

Mary C. VamKiuan.
Ell/.nl)eth Davis.
MaiyS. Cjilde.
Mary l.ocko.
Mary J. DoIIkiw.
Marjtnrol ])e Orofft.
Elma A.Cuiininiihar
Mary .Sniilh.
Sarxh Hol-hii.
Marin Biddlu.
Margnrtt RnbiTiwn.
Su.iin W. .McCou.ba.

Penn's Grove Conclave, No. 34, L 0. H.— Penn's
GioveConclave of the Improved Order of IJeptasoplis
was organized Sept. 23, 1881, witli the following
constituted member.^, :

J. W. T,Aiighltn.
J. U. Llklnlou.
John Oroff.
G H. Klkinlo'i.
Moee* Unghes.
William r. Yeager.

i>au

el Denny.

W. II. De

A.r. I.nyloii. .
J. l^ A. Denny.
Jacob Smith.
Joseph G. French.
B. Blohra.Jr.
P. Pierce.
Wiluier Clark.
S. H. Leap.

In September, 1882, its officers were the follo,sin,'T :
S. H. Leap, Arch.; \Y. 11. Denny, Prov. ; Samuel
Denny, Sec. ; William F. Yeager, Chan.

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH.

IIOX. IIENKY y.AKllKR.

The subject of this .sketch is the .son of .Sanuicl and

Hannah Harbor. He was born in the town-Mp of

Upper Pciia's Xeck, balcni Co., July 12, l^:;'. I In

490

HISTOKY OF SALEM COUNTY.

father was of English descent, find by occupation :\
tailor. His ancestor? 'Hi his mother's side \vt?rc Ger-
man. Wlicii he was twelve years old his father died,
leavinjr liis widowed mother with ten small children.
His edticatio'ial advantaco.s were limited to the
schools of liis uei^libnrlDod. In ISlo he married
Charlotte, daughter of Rev. William Smith. He had
by her only one child, Cliarle- S., who died in his
nineteenth year.

On March 3, 1S.'>2, he married Sarah Jane, daughter
of John and Eli?,abeth Hoyd, of AVilmingtoD. Del.
His second wife is still living, by whom he has had
two children, Frank P. and John S. John died in
June, 1S77. On March 30, ISlo, Frank married Mary
C, daughter of Franklin and Ellen Beckett. He
died three years later, leaving one child, Harry S.,
who, with his mother, resides in the family of Mr.
Barber.

In the early part of his life Mr. Barber was a
farmer, but subsc(]uently turned his attention to the
lumber business and contracting. In 184S he re-
moved to Wilmington, Del., and engaged in the ice
busine-is, but in a few years returned to Penn's Grove,
in his native townshijp, and entered into t!ie coal and
lime business. He has also continued his interest in
agriculture, and still owns near the village a fine
farni which is in a high stale of cultivation. His
fellow-citizens have proved their esteem for him by
often calling him to fill places of honor and respon-
sibility.

In 1SC8 he was elected a member of the board of
freeholders for the township of Upper Penu's Neck,
and continued to occupy the position for several
years. In 1879 he represented the First Di-trict of
Salem County in the Assembly. He was re-elected
to the sessions of 1S>5() :ind 18S1. In the latter ses-
sion he served on the Committee on IJiparian Bights
and joint Committees r)n Tre.isurcr's Accounts and
Printing. During his service of three terms in the
Legislature, such was the consistent determination
expressed by Mr. Barber to promote the common
good of the State by advocating the p.i.ssage of just
and rquilablc laws, tliat he has been again unani-
mou-ly nominated by the DeniorrMtir I'liriy a can-
didate for the Assemblv.

CHAPTEB LXXYI.

TOWXSHH' Of i;PPEK I'lTT.SGKOVF..'

Situation and Boundaries. — Upper Pittsgrove is
situated *m the nortlicrn border of the county, east of
tlic centic.and is bounded as follows: North by Har-
rison and Clayton townsliips (Gloucester Co.), east
by Pitt-grove, south by I)eerfi>-ld (Cumberland Co.)
and Up[ier .Vlloways Creek, and west by Piksgrove.

Iti area is 21,422 aore", and il-s po|mlalioM in Is-'
was 2100.

Topographical and Statistical.— Like most .n,.^
Jersey t(i«n>lups, Upper Pittsgrove is irregul.-ir in
form. The surface of the land is generally level, In:;
ill siiino portions slightly uiululating. The soil i.s a
light gravelly loam, susceptible of a high degree i.f
cultivation if treated artificially. Many thousaiicl
acres of formerly useless land have been redooniiil,
and now take rank among the most productive laii.i.
of the county.

(Kidman's Creek flows along a jiorlioii of the nortli-
crn border, and several small streams have their
sources in the township, radiating irregularly fron,
near the centre, aiding in the drainage of the land,
and aflbrding small water-powers here and there.

The township is traversed in all directions liy
well-kci)t roads, connecting it with various points in
Salem, Gloucester, and Cumberland Counties and
beyond.

The Salem Branch of the We.st Jersey R.ailroad, ia
its course from Elmer to Salem, crosses the tmvn^liif,
with a station at Daretown.

The financial statistics of Upper Pittsgrove for tli-
year 18S1 were as follows: Yaluation of real estate,
^^1 ,0t'i.'?,.300 ; valuation of personal property, ?=t;27,.")70;
total indebtedness, .■?-i22,S25; polls, 559; poll tax.f^.'ilO;
school tax, :s.j20(); county tax, ^:^041.

Early Land Purchases and Settlement.'— .M"^t
of the land lying within the bounds of the two Pitts-
grove townships was taken up by land speculators.
Daniel Coxe, of Burlington, and Judge William
Hall, of Salem, were the princijial purchasers.

In 1714, Messrs. Coxe and Hall extended an invi-

' tation to a colony who had lately arrived in the Statt

of New York, and had located temporarily in Ulster

County, to come on their lands in Salem County, rc|i-

resenting the excellent quality of the soil and it-

! adaptability and the local conveniences and sur-

■ roundings, and oflcring favorable terms to all wlii

would become land-owners and settlors on the tract.

The colony sent some of their number to view the

land and take careful account of the advantages and

<li-advantages of the locality, as well as to confer

with the proprietors concerning prices and credit-.

• with instructions to accept the offer of Messrs. Co.m

and Hall, on behalf of the colony, if the cotnmiuee

should be satisfied that the proposed measure wa'

likely to prove of benefit to the expectant settlers.

Large tracts were purcluiscd by thi- coniiniltcf, in

I pursuance of further in^^tructions of the co!oni-ts, an.

' .several familici moved on their new po.sses.sion in U M

' or in the spring of 17ir>. Prominent among tlic.-i'

settlers were the Yan Meter and the Dubois ianiilii-.

' who took u]) three thousand acres, and the Newkirk-.

; Garrisons, I5aruett.s, Craig.s, Duulaps, Aldermans, aiil

1 liy M. 0. Rfilfo.

- S.»ine vufuabl? dMn
Tliomas Slioopld, fj*q.

T0\\N\SH1P OF UPl'EK PITTSaKOVK.

191

?>Iayliows, all of whom were liberal purchasers. The
Cooiiil)< :ind other faniiiies soon followed. It is a. fact
somewhat roiiiarkablo that a majority of tlie residents
of U[>i)cr Piitsgrove at this time are de>ceiidaiit.< of
those colonists who lirst made o|ic'niii;^s in the forests
of the township nearly one hundred and .seventy years
ago, the dilTerent families having iutormarried during
successive gcnoratioiis, until the outgrowth has been
a relationship so complicated a.s to defy the most ex-
pert genealogist.

A few of the colonists had been residents of Ulster
County, X. Y., for some time; most of them had but
quite recently arrived in America when they removed
from Ulster County to Salem County. Among the
former class was the Van Meter family, who had emi-
grated from Holland lietween 1G50 and 1000. There
were three brothers Van Meter among the emigrants
frojn Xew York. Joseph settled in Monmouth County,
and John and Isaac came on to Upper Pittsgrove.
The earliest record of the name to be seen in the
county clerk's office in Salem is dated 1714. and is
evidence of the purchase of three thousand acres of
land by the Van Meiers and Duboiscs from Daniel
Coxe, of Burlington. These parlies divided their
lands by the compass, the Van Meters taking a tract
lying to the south of a certain lino, and the Duboises
the balance of the joint purchase, lying to the north
of said line. The Van Meters were noted for their de-
sire to e.xtend their landed possessions, and they con-
tinued to purchase until they owned a large portion
of the land, extending from the "overshot mill," in
Upper AUoways Creek, near Daretown, southerly to
Fork Bridge, about .-ix thousand acres in all; and
nifist of the titles of the present owners go back to
tho.se held by the Van Meters.

Isaac Van Meter had a son Garrett, who married a
daughter of Judge John H<dme iu 1774. He emi-
grated to Virginia with his family, and some of his
descendants live there still. John Van Meter left a
."on Henry, w ho was the ancestor of all, or nearly all,
of the Van Meters nov, living in Salem County. He
was married four times. The following-named chil-
dren are mentioned in his will: Joseph, Ephraim,
John, David, Elizabeth, Rebecca, Jacob, and lienja-
min. Of these, Jacol> Van Meter removed to Genesee
County, X. Y., and died, leaving a family, and Bcn-
.jamin Van Meier settled early in life on his ancestral
estate, and was a useful man in his time. He mar-
ried 15athshcb:i, daughter of Capt. Jaints Uunlap, of
Upper Pittsgrove. Hedie<l iu 1820; his wife in 1S31.
Their children were James, Mary, Ann, Sarah, Eras-
mus F., Robert H., and llathsheba. James became
» l)hysician, began practicing his prot'ession at Ailo-
way.itown, and i^oon removed to Salem, where he had
a very extensive practice, especially among Friends,
•iying in 1847, aged eighty. His .son, Thomas Joiios
Van Meter, als,o graduated as a physician, but never
practiced to any extent. Benjamin Van Meter was
llie owner of several >^laves, but becoming convinced

of the linholiness of human bondage, he liberated
them all a few years prior to his death ; but lie had
been so gentle and considerate a master that some of
them ret'usi'd to leave him, and lived out the remain-
der of their lives on his homestead.

The other parties to the purchase of John and
: Is.nac Van Jleter in 1714 were Jacob Dubois and his
j sister. The latter and the Van Meters conveyed
twelve hundred acres to Jacob Dubois, as his por-
! tion, in 1710. . Barrett Dubois, his son, settled in
1 Upper Pittsgrove, having previously been married
I in Xew York State. Catharine, his daughter, was
I born in 1716; Jacob, in 1719, and he married
. Jauette Xewkirk in 1747. He was a prominent
; member of the Presbyterian Church, and a deacon,
and one of the trustees to whom the deed was given
for the ground to erect a church on. Lewis, third
Son of Jacob, was born at Hurley, Ulster Co., X. Y.,
in lCiir>, and married Margaret Janson iu 1720. He
came to West Jersey in company willi his brother
I'larrett, aud soon owned one thousand and ninety-one
, acres of land in Upper Alloways Creek. He and his
wife were among the first members of the Presbyte-
rian Church of Pittsgrove when it was organized in
1741, when, for forty shillings, he sold the trustees
two acres of lanil osi which to build a church ; and in
1701 he sold fii'iy acres for a jiarsonago, for seventy-
five pounds iiroclamation money, in addition to the
fifty acres the church purchased of Abraham Xew-
kirk in 1744.

The Elwell family of Upper Pittsgrove have had a
large influence both in religious and civil society.
Jacob Ehvell, the emigrant, was born in England in
17'''0, and locited in I'ilesgrove soon after his arrival
in this country. Jacob Elwell dio.I in Pittsgrove at
the age of seventy-three, leaving numerous de-
scendants.

Capt, James Dunlap, of Upper Pittsgrove, v.as
the son of Capt. James Dunluii, Sr., of Penn's
Xeck, whence the Duiila])s came i'roni Delaware.
The family are sujiposed to be of Irish descent,
James Dunlap died in I70S.

The names of early members of some of these and
other families who were identified with churches at
their organization in Upper Pitt.sgrove, aud arc most
of them reasonably supposed to have been residonl.s
of the township, are as follows: liaptist (1771), Jolni
Mayhew, Sr., Williain Brick, Jacob ElvveU, Jolin
Dickinson, Cornelius .Vustiti, Samuel Brick, Johanna
Mayhew, Eleanor Xelson, Jvsther Hewes, Hannah
Elwell, Matthew Aarons, Pamannah Garlon, Fiilida
Hudson, Matthias Dickinson, Phebc Xelson, licu-
hama Austin, and Rachel Brick. Presbyterian (17-11),
Uev, David Evans and the families Dubois, Van
Jleter, Xewkirk, and M.iyhev.-. Later the Coombs
and other families united with the last-named society.
Judge David Davis, tliird son of John Davis, a
prominent early resident of Pilesgrnve, and one who
left tlie i!ii))ro.ss of his charade.' on the townsliip and

49;

HISTORY OF SAL]:M COUNTY

coniitv, owned :i large tract of land near the I'resby-
ti-riaii Cluircb in Pitl^grtive, on which l;e built a
r<H)my and substantial brick house, which is still
standing, and in which he lived until his death, at
the age of sixty. His wife. Dorothea Cousins, an
Englishwoman, lived to the age of ninety six. Thomas
C'halkley wrote that in 1740 he liad a religious meet-
ing at the house of David Davis, and benches were
brought from a neighboring meeting-house, which is
presumed to have been the old log I'rcsbyteriiui
Church, which stood near by. He further stated that
the meeting was large, and the )ieo[de were orderly.

Organization.— U]>i'cr Pitt<grove was set off from
I'ittogrove by an act of the Legislature aiiproved
March 6, 1840.

Civil List.

.\iul>r

lS4tf, IH'J. Judnli Foftcr.
1841. Juuiilhaii lliirroufbs.
lStr-t». ISAXC JoliiiMD ('.''1).
181S. CliorlM J>rgwu.
1$49-6(>. Jmuoj Van Muter 1,2a)
1!*50-61. SmiiucI f?. Dcnn.
U.-.0-52. iliiiiiiiin RicliUMn.
lKi2-o.l. Ju«c|ili Couk.
185.1-M. lleDjiiuiln V. John.-»in.
lSi^l-55. Ai.ai.iiulC. Itiih.r.
IS&V^fl. Samuel l>iiboi9.
1S56, ISM. D-;nj,tniin >'. I>e«n.
1M7. I.aac J^hn'ou.
1S67. Jaiii.i Ili:rst.
IS-'A L'oii.Hiij. -Vcwklrk.
1M;i. Isnul C^Jiioror.
1S4>. M-illinm I,..p(r.
1*60. Lcouiird Suing.

C'lIOSKX VllEF.IIOLI'KBS.

ISCO. Juiufs A. Unrc.

18C1. Holiorl I*. ItoWosioii.

ISOt. Sttiuiifl IturtoD.

If-;:, 18C4-C-. Jolin W. Janvier.

16f.2, lfM-C5. I.aac J. Xewkirk.

180". FmncU .K. OaDi|<l>rll.

18«3. Winiiini R<-ckcU.

IBH, 187i. Clinrlen F. }{. Gray.

WV-.. Ililiry jr. nil-liuu;ll.
! l.-W-CT. Jam... Coornl*.
, 1S<'.8-«'J. Willbni A. Coombs.
I IfHS-'U. Jolin BUIiup.
: 1S71-72. Allcti MiHire.
I lS7:»-74. Wlllialli A. Wooii.
[ l^TC-^S. lliraiii Slniiig.
I lfc-9. WiUiaiii NVwklrk.

18fl)-«l. M. F. Klle.v.

1882. Hiram W. Smitb.

CLERKS.

1M6-48, IjCO-71. Clcir<-nt New- C.<rno!ll]S I>.

kirk.

COMMISSIONERS OF Al'I'EAL.

IMi;, 1.<.0. Tliooias H.irdine, Jr.
1810-47, 1849. Si.niucI Deto.
1810-47, l.*»!>, lKo,=l-;,6, 1800,1880.

nillbni A.Cu-.iiils.
IM7. Tlii,nia! PKicock.
Iblti. jMliuMirtln.
1848. CiMrge Dickinson.
1M8. 1858, 181)6. David Denn.
1>'40. John VftniDet»;r.
1S50-5J, !Sli'>-65. Joseph C. Nolaon.
1850-62. Williiini Li.p«r.
inyi. JoU'ph Newkirk.
lSi<i. t'hnrlM P.rown.
1850, 1»C7. GsrreU Dalx>is.
lKl-53, l»55-oS. Joseph Foster.
1853-54. Jclir. C. llichnwn.
18i1, 18«-74, 1876, 1879. JaniM

Coonil.ii.
1854-5i;. Is!U>c Juhliion.
18C4. .Snniii"! Dubois.
I'i7. Jci'lh:-. Hampton.
I857-.'>". RuU;ri I'aticrsoii.
1RJ7-S8. Lfonard Swing.
l'-59. Zacchfus Dansolt.
18.'.0. licnjomiii C. Sithen.
l".')'.!. Juhu J;. Al.lcnimn.

18C0-CI. John nishop.
I 1WX>-C1. llenjiniln tlwJI.
I l.SCl-tl2. Jonmhan Dub-.is,
! 1862. Isaiah A. Dare.
I 1802. Ilonins L. Foster.
I 18l!3-C4,187U-78, 1880-81. Ualainn

Richman.
I lf(B,187fl-78, 1880-81. Ja«. Uurst.
; 18ei-l!5. John llalilvt'in.
I 18iU. John R. Ilnrris.

18CI>. John Gniiut.

18CR. John Dilks.

18G7. Rarlboluni«w Coirs.

18i;8-74. Knocli Ma.vhew.

I8i;^73. Sanmi-I SlartJu. .

1S74. Elmer Caiuil.

1873. John B. Diinhnm.

1875. Joi-li'i C. Lambert.
: 187;.. Charles II. I'owvll.
, 1877-78. Ebenezer L. Sheppard.
, 1879. Samuel M. Johnson.
: 1879. Charles llitchner.
I ISSO. Adams. iJraff.
'■ 1881-8J. Auilin..5Q Whilak.ir.
. ISi-2. Jni.ies IKFarlaiid.
' 18«2. Mwatd Bu7.l.y.

'inyanl.

an, Jr.
. Kelly.
1 IS. lirowi;

ls4n-4.^. iwn. isi.-i, i.<5i;

Whitaker.
1811.-47, l^r.T-:.^ isr.l-ci II

llanlhi^-
lS4s-,vt. Currctt iTicketl.
Is4n. Seth L.JiH!r.
ISio-Ol, lSO:i. John
IfSI. Marlm Nix.in

1852. Ilarnian Richi
18W-53. Willi
ls5!-,',l, 1S50. Willii
18.}4. Diunon T. Dickinson.
1R55 .50. AiLlrew Serran.
1S57-5.S. William A. C<v,nil«.
1S09. Francis II. Harris.
ISC7-63, lS7:'.--5. 1879-81. Hour}'

Coonilks.
1807. Jnhn .\. Xewkirk.
18G7, 1872. Francis B. Harris.
ISr.S, 1S82. Jere<liali DnU>is.
ISia, 1S70-7I. .WnmS. Crair.
1S08-69, 1871. Charles Campbell.
1869. Charles C. Garris-m.
1S6'>-71. Furniun W enlzell.

TOWNSHIP
1S44-47. l.e.innrJ Swing.
I84«. ThoULV. U. Clement.
1S4G, IKJI. Jonathan Unrronghs. ,
1840,lk,5i-.'.U, ISCii. Carrell Prick- j

ett. '

184'.-»7, 1849, 1859. Slalthew K. >

Foster.
Is47. l^'■.0. Jiplha Hampton.
1847. Cl.ai It- Brown.

1847. 1869. r^rr.ellus D. Newklrk. !
1848-49, lS.i;«. J^,nallian I.. Swing.
1S1». Jercniivh FosltT.

I84S, lSlil-62. .lohn II. Alderman, i

1848. Harman lil.-hman.

1843, 1841-r.j. Cornelius Dubois. !
IMO-Vi. l«.".i-JS, ISCi. .lumts A.

Daro, J r.
I84'J-6ur K.lwaiJ Dul».is.
1MB, 1851, \>-.57. David S. Dean.
1850. Isaac Johnson (2d|.
1S.V\1854-.V.. William Isjper.
1850, lS52-5:i. William Beckett.
1850. George Dirkinson.
18£0, 1852. John Dilks.
l.-t'xi. G..orgo R. Slartin.
1850. George W. Janvier.
1851-62. William M. Sewklrk.
1851-52. S<iDineI Garrison.
18.52. An«ni:uC. Kiclicr.
lS5:i. Henr.v P. Kctchum.
165J-54, lsi-,l-C5. Abijah Dubois.

1853. Clement B. Ricbman.
lS.V4-6.i, 1857-50, 1861. J. \V. Jan-
vier.

1835-55, lS07-5i.. Samuel I!. Riley

1854. J.d.M Wilson.

1855. Peter Beckett.
1850. It'.bcrt I'att.Maon.
18.ifi. Williali! Urion.

SURVEYORS OF HIGnWAYS.

ISiM. 1871. J.ihn .Ma
ls7ll, 1.-75. W illiani

ISTli. Daviil Hewitt.
1S72-74. .Iniiios Mc-Failui.il,
1872. I-aac Newkirk.
lS72-7;i. George Cooinbs.
ls7:i-74. Allen Jlooro.
1S74. Ileimetl G. I'ancv.i-I.

1874. R>ibert J. Snmni.TilI.

1875. 1877. Chnvies K. .N"i.wl;i;
1.875-70, 187S. Win. M. X..%vl;i
1.S75. Clement X.wkirli.
1876-78. Joseph L. Riet.ni.ui.
1870 Charles R. Burt.

1876. Jacob Savish.
1S77--8. Charles llitclnii'i.
1878. James T. M..yh'.w.

1877. Joseidi Ackley.
1870. David II. Elwell.
1379. Millanl F. Uil.-.v.
1S-(M!2. Beii.ianiin 1). llr.n.ks
1880-81. Hiram W. Sinilli.
l.«S2, llenrv J. DuLols.

COMJIITTKE.
1S5C. Wiliram Cooper.
DioO, 1858, 160(1. Thomas II.
lfc57-58. Benjamin C. Silboi
7859. Samuel JoliliMin.
IStO-Ol. Ga'iett Dul).>ls.
ItOlMil, 1806. Cinrenc.
Streeper.

1801. Benjamin F. I'ean.
ieO'>. Samifl Edwards.

1802. Benjamin Elwell.
180.1. Mnttliiiw Knlidlo.
1801-65. Damon T. Dlckinsi
ISRI-C-l. llelon Fo-ter.
1803-60. 5l0S"ST.5I. Oarris
1863. Elijah Dubois.

1301. Jo-inb Garwoj.l.
1801. Imac.l. Newkirk.
lSii5. Benjamin P. Burl.
1805. Bi.njamin Rol.instu.

1505,

i5l.

lsnO-C7. Enoch Slayl.cw.
ISOO, I6T<'-7S. Jt.c.;I. II. Jlc
IHM. Abrahal.i U. Swin);.
1867,1871-73. John II. .M..!!
1849-51), 1853-54. llen.yNi-
18.51-.52. Binjumin C. Silhc
1S56. William Ricbman.
18.57-59. Mo.MiS Thoma.-, Jr.
1800-61. Albert Cooaibj.

1862. C.c.)

. Coo

1S63-64. Willian: U. Tinker
186.5. Chnrlea S. Elwell.
1800-07. Jerediah D-.il.u|.i.
1808-09, 1873, David B. i:iw
1872. Chail.-a R. lliirl
1871-75, 1884. Joseiih N. Cr;
1876. Oliver Alderman.
1877-80. A. D. Kicliiuan.
1882, T. C. Avis

SCHDOI, C03IMITTEE.
1846. J.Tcllih Dubois. 1846. Wallace Ta} hi

IS4«. Jer--.Dila'i Foster.

1.^16-47. Js Dies Coombs,
1 'tis, 1853-51. William P.lchman.
1.441). Wallace Ta.vlor.
lawj-il. XattliCw N. Foster.
18.52. E-lmoKd Dabi.lt.
Ii>5»-Su, 1862-(a. C. 1). Xewkhk.
18i7-5». Garreit Dubois.
1859-60. DnviJ .SIthens.

I 1801. Moses Thomas, Jr.
I HiiH-65, Joseph 1,,. liichli
18U6-67. Joseph XuwliirU
I 1868-73 Ahraln CoCliran,
j l(.74-70. David B. Elwdl.
I lb77-*fi. Ciiarlcs II. V.iirt,
i 1831-82, On:av II. Xewl<i

TOWNSHIP OF UPPER PITTSOROVE.

493

TOWN SI I'EltlSTESDKSTS.
< 1<. Th iiuis R. CK-ini;:il. l*.>i-.M. Willijin A. \Vu,h1.

1-19-52, l«u:>^. XullniiiHl C. lS.Vi~S5. El«iioi.-rL. .<h.i'|fl:.l.

Swins. lS.V>-f.i;. Henry H. Klwell.

1n30, ls.VJ-62. Jitmee Oioml/5. IjioT. Aluam Cvwiirjo.

JUDiIES OF ELECTION'.

I-Hr., l«l». Chirlca Brooii.

1SI7. Jtfreminli FusTer.

1S4S, IWO-CO. Isniir Jolinson (2.1;.

IvV). J.-si-i-h C. Nfl-in.

InVI, 18JT-iS. Ju.liih FiBter.

WA. Cporgc IVckiii.o:..

1S5-2. Dnnlvl R. Ackloy.

l«.-,3-54. Pclcr Bi-rkfll.

YVv>-.j<i. Ilariimn ]!lclinijD.

isr.i. Kduai-d lAij.vr.

In;;;. I^uDuitl Swing.

Kichman.
• n Harris.

1«Ga-C^. Williitii
KM.6. S^imurl M»;i
lS>i9, tSTl. Fr.ii.oi«
18C9-T0. J..lin B. M..imcc.
lsr.9-7". Snmii.I P. Hitchnc
ISTO. Williiini I'urry.
1ST2. Benjnniiit F. l><Mn.
167i-74. Ihtviil Il..:,M.
1S7.V7C, IS78-SI'. I>. P. Cocli

1551. JoiiC|ili L. nichuian.

1552. AJ»iii S. (inilT.

COLLECTORS.

IMC. Nmhanlpl G. Swing.
1*17, I8C2. «3rr.tt [<iiU>i<.
WS-19. Jnsriih rmer.
I!i0-5I, 18S(i-.17. Wallace Tajlo
IS52. :-ajnnFl U. Hltcliiior.
litil-.'il. Garrrit Pirkott.
Iti5.'.. Juhu C. Kichni.'in.
1$5S, Jv&hua Lii>i'incott.
lS<V)-ei. CornHiun I». Nrwklrk.

COXstaHLTj:
1S4C-47. Josepli JonM.
l*I«-SO. Aaaiilnn G. Kicbcr.
lUi. Duvid V. M. Snillh.
18». John Will,ie.
liH, ltni-72. Abijii i^hoiil'loni.
lAM, 1802-63. Franklin Bix-kett
IWS. John G. Ajn-a.
I^o7-(>l. John U. Mouure.

1SG.I. Willlani Sitnll.iii.
I<M. ItcnJaiKiti F. Hurt.
1665-00. Francis A. CainpLcII.
1S«7-«S. >li»ej T. SI. GarriMD.
I.*fi9-7a. John M. Krooi.
1871-75. Gcorgo 31. Elwell.
l>7fi-Sl. Ocorg* W. Richnian.
18*2. William M. Aris.

1861, l!;77-78. David b.incl^hcck.
l8«5-i;r,. Juinr^ J. Mcul.
IS07-70. liauici s. Clark.
IS73-71. Dnvlil P. O.chriui.
1875-7C,l»79-!><l. Thomai< Munyon.
1«»1. Lewi, S. V,„l,„r.
l^>^2. J. H. >ln)lu-«.

Schools.— Tliat the cinigrauts who first tcttled
Upper l'ill>urnvi> were f;iniilics of adviiiice.! lliouglit
and wiich intelligence i-: evidenced by the educational
advantages which they early iiitniduccd. i>y the es-
tiihli-ihinent of a good school, which alli.rded a thor-
ough and full course of instruction for that time, and
«a-> in chnrge of Cfimpelent and zcalou? instructors.
Taronts from long distances sent their children to
thi.s school, and nieu who became distinguished in
the Stale were |iroud of the learning they acquired
at the "Pitts-rove College," as it was called. The
f primitive ptihlic schools were •' pay-.schools," sup-
ported by the contribution of stated tuition from
J'arenU. The early 'chool-houscs were built of logs.
Improvements were introduced one after another, and
III lime the public school system of New .lersey was
adopted throughout the towiu-hip. Under this system
Upper PitUgrove is divided into ten di.-.trict», known
and numbered as follows:

\Vhig Lane District, Xo. .54; Centre District, Xo.
ij; Independence District, Xo. .50; Washington Di:.-
'rict, Xo. f.7; Jefil-rson District, Xo. .5S; Frieiid.ship
District, Xo. .511; Xew Freedom District, Xo. GO;
Walnut Grove District, Xo. 61 ; Monroe Distrieti
^0. C2; and I'nion Di.-trict, Xo. fj3.

'J he schools of Upj.er Pittsgrove are provided with
good accommodation-, arc well conducted and well
attended, and take high raiik among the public
schools of SjIomi Couiitv.

Burial-Places.— It is said some few early burials
ill this township were made in private graveyard.s.
which have long since disappeared.

There are three public burying-gro'iiids in Upjn^r
Pittsgrove, all of which were opened early, tliuuj;li
the Presbyterian churchyard at Darotown doubtless
antedates the two othei-s, — the Piitsgrove Baptist
churchyard near Daretown, and Friendship (Meth-
odist) churchyard, in the northeast part of the town-
ship. All of them contain old head-stones, nnd rmiiy
early graves entirely unmarked.

VILLAGES ANn ilAMLKTS.

Daretown. — This is an .ancient settlement and
I }io.sl-town, located in Upper Pittsgrove, near the
: Pilcsgrove line. It is principally noted as contain-
ing the site of the old Pitt-sgrove Presbyterian
I Church, which was constituted April 3U, 1741. ft
I enjoys the advantage of being on the line of the
i Salem IJranch of the West Jersey Kailroad, tliiiieeii
i miles northeast of the county-seat.
1 There w.as little suggestive of a village licre prior
j to the completion of the railroad, though :; store Iiad
j been built by James Richman in 1)5.57. Mr. Kicli-
I man was succeeded by Joshua l^ippincott in lSG-5,
' and the latter by Janus K. IJobinsoii in J^GS. Sam-
'. uel .Vllen.thc present proprietor, bought the business
! of Mr. IJobinson in lS71,aud built au audition to t!ip
I building iu 1879, by arraugemcnt with Mrs. JLHia D.
j Richman, widow of James RichiuiMi, who owns the
; premises^

: Isaac Pcdrick was proijrittor of tiie first blacksmilh-
. shop. Eli Harris opened a blacksmith-sliop in ISOti,
, and in l«<iS .scdd out to A^a D. Long. In 1^73 the
; latter was succeeded by Allred Riger, the present
blacksmith, who built and opened his wheeiwriglu-
I shop in connection in 1S7.5.

The vill.age also contains the machiiie-sliop of Dr.
Joseph Cook and the distillery of Jacob Wies.
' Whig Lane.— Whig Lane is a hamlet in the north -
west part of the town-hip, and is so knovvn from tlu
, fact that during the Revolution the owners of land
thereabout were almost unaniinou-^iy outspoken
AVhigs. The name was early ai>plieu to consid-
erably uiorc territory than i.s embraced within the
Settlement now so called, the patriot residents living
, for a mile or so along the road running ncarlv east
and west through tlic hamlet. .

lienjamin Ptdrick opened a wheelwright-shop her.;
in 1S30. His successors were M. Shaw, John P.ald-
win, Yost Klwell, Joseph hcdrac, and Wa:<hiiigloii
AA'right until the shop was dosed in 1 'iiii.

The bIack.-.mith-shop at Whig L..110 was built by
Harmon Richman, and by him occupied until )iis
death in lS7o, when it became the property of William
Richman, v. ho leased it from 1875 to l.?79 to Thomas
Mills, who was succeeded by Oliver J. Zicgier, the
present occupant.
The first store was established in 1.S.52, bv ^\'i]lianl

49-t

HISTORY OF SALEM COUNTY.

A. 'Wood, and at his death, in 1S77. passed into the
ownership of his .son, Charles Wood, the present pro-
prietor. A second stori» was opened in 18-55. by Jo-
siah Kichnian, who owned and nianaired it till 1S6:?.
Thomas Richinanwas proprietor I'roni 1S0:5 to ISO?,
after which the biiilJinp; was closed until 1S70, when
William Rielmiaii, Jr., the pre-ciit proprietor, took
pi-)S4L-ssi(in.

Pole Tavern.— l!y this name is known a hamlet
located a little easterly from and about midway be-
tween Darctown and Whig Lane. It derives its name
from the fact that a liberty -pole has lonj; stood in the
central part of the settlement, before the old tavern,
which is traditionally claimed to mark the site of the
first liberty-pole ever erected in Xew Jersey. The
name of the post-office here is PitlsErrovc.

The tavern, the fame of which is, by local nomen-
clature, linked with that of the pole just referred to,
is thought to have been part of it standing at least a
century, but its early lii.-tory is lost in the past, and
traditions concerning it are shadowy and uncertain.
It had uunieiuus successive landlords years .ago,
among whom were Peter Ludlow, Jacob Smith, and
William Middlcton. Joseph M. Downan, the pres-
ent "mine host" of the ancient hostelry, took pos-
session in 18G9.

This place contains two stores. One of them was
established by Jacob Hitchner, who sold out to
George M. Khvell a few years au-o. In 1«7(; it was
purchitsed by the present proprietor, Samuel Martin.
Mr. Martin is postmaster. The other store was for-
merly occupied by Henry H. Uichman and II. V.
Sweatman. The present owner is riiarlcs K. Rich-
man.

A bl.acksmith-shop was built by Joseph Fo.x in
1876, and is n.)w occupied by him. Anotlier, and
the older of the two, has been in pos-ession of Frank
Seibnrt since LSOl. In l.'*72, Mr. Seiberl purchased
a wheelwright's business of Kdward Loper, who had
established it in 1867.

Besides the interests mentioned, a i)roniinciit one
is the tannery of Gottlieb Kress, elsewhere referred

to.

Monroeville.— This settlement, :-oinctimes referred
to as Monroe Station, is a flag-station on the Wo^t
Jer^ey Railroad, in the northeastern part of the town-
shii>. It contains a few dwellings and the store of
James JlcFarland, who has been trading there for
some years, and has been a resident since 1S15. 'J'he
station here is a great convenience to .adjacent parts
of this and adjoining townships.

Swing's Corners.--Swing's Corners, named in
honor ofthe Swing family, of whom X. G. Swing has
been long a well-known local representative, is a h.-sni-
Ict situated at the crossing of two roads, near the south-
ern line of the townsliip. It contains several dwell-
ings anti a small store. Wheelwrights and black-
smiths have plied their trades there from time lo
time.

Pittsgrove Presbyterian Church'- wascon.-tiiui.
.Vpri! ■>>, 1741. Tliis is tlie oldest rresbyteriaii or
gani/.atiou in Salem County, and was originally eulh .
Pilesgrove.

The following are the original moiiii)ers as th,-;
appear in the old church records:

nife).

iliis wiffl.
I Sparks.
JoneSinrlis iliUwifp^.
Tllo:ii:u< Shirks lllieir son).
Eliz (I'ctli Sparks (tlieir ilauglilc
Richard Sparks.
EHzaliotli Sparks llii.s wifoi.
Jolin Cniis.
Mary Cr.iig(liis
Surali Carr.
\Villi;ini Millar.

Mary Sherry.

NHtlinn Tarliet.

Priscillu Tiilly.

Hugh Mooro.

Haiinali Jloore (hi

Plia-bo Ooukliii.

Peter Haws.

I?a.-»c Van Meter.

Hannah Van Meter (his wife).

IIeur>- Van Meier i,Ihoir son).

Sarah Van Meier itl.eir ■laughter).

Cornelius Sewkirk.

Kach.l Newkirk (lil< wife).

.\hnihani Xewkirk (their son).

B;trnet llultois.

Piil^ois (his wire).

Lewis Pnlois.

Margaret Piib.iis (his irlfe).

Anna Dul-is (their ilauithlor).

Garret Du1h)I>.

Margaret PuU'i^ !his wife).

John Miller.

Mnry Moore.

rnintliTiilly.

Uannali Tully ..hiiwife).

Ele.ilerfinilli. James Uunlap.

', Mary Smith ■ his Mife). Ell7,>lK-;h bnnlnp 0'i'«ifel.

Villiain AMemiiin. J,iuob Uuboi.s Jr.

, Abafc-Kil AMernmn (Ills wlfel. .loshun Garrison.

, Jeremiah Garrl-on. Sarah Onrrison (hla wife,.

' Mary Garrioon (hi« wlfei. Joa-I Millar.

I John Koso.

', The meuiborship of the church at the present !lmi>
i is three hundred and three, composed chietly of ih".
' descendants of the original member.s.

The lirst church building was a log structure, like

' most of those erected in those early days. It stood

, near the middle of the old graveyard, but there are

no records to show either the date or cost of it-

ereciion.

The second building was of brick, erected in th.-
year 1707, and it is still standing in a good state i-i
preservation. This house was Imilt during the pa.-
torate of the Rev. Nehomiah Creenman.

The third church building, in which the coiigrega-

] tion now worships, was coniplelcd in 1867, during llic

pastorate of Rev. E. P. Shields. It is a large am!

imposing briok ediOce, and cost, including furnitinv.

■ about twenty-five thousand dollars. The followih-

persons composed the building committee: Cliar.^-

Wood, Lnoch Mayhew, John R. Alderman, John W.

; Janvier, and George Coombs. The trustees of the

congregation at the present time (Xovember, l>^s-.'

are^John Sweatman, William T. Richnian, Join.

Cami)bell, Kphraim Garri.son, Charles Hitchii'-i .

Oliver Alderman, and Samuel Allen.

The congregation owns a large and convenient
parsonage witli amj.lc grounds attached, whicli i-'
most eligibly located near the church.

There are good reasons for believing that this lo-

calitv enjoye.l preaching by Presbyterian ministers

for some time befire the organization of the churcii.

The fir.it settled pastor was the Rev. David ENan*.

I llv Itev. J. II. Ilau.lolph, pa-tor.

TOWNSHIP OF UPl'dl I'lTTSGKOVK.

I !

,1 iKilivo ol" Wiile-s, who organized the (.liun-h and
iiiiiii-iii-red to it till UU deat)i, in 17.'>1.

Tlie socoi;.] pastor was tho Hev. Neiiemiah Orecii-
maii, who was ordainoii and installed in ll^'-i, and
hibored here till hisdcath.in 1771i,a period mtwcnty-
vix years. Dnriu^ the thirty-tuo ycai? followinji the
congregation wa:4 ministered to by Eev. William
Schenek, Rev. Mr. Gla.ssbrook, Rev. Isaac Foster,
Her. Mr. L.aycock, Rev. Buckley Carle, and Rev. John
Olark, thoii.^^h there are H'j records to show how lonir
they respectively lahoied.

The Rev. Georjfe W. Janvier wa5 ordained and in-
stallc.l pastor May Vi, 1S12, and l:iho.-ed here till laid
aside hy the inlirinitics of age in the year ISOS, a
period of forty-six years^. This was the longest pas-
torale in the history of tlie cliurch, and produced the
deepest inipr.vsion njion its life. There nas steady
j;ro\vth and )>rosperily throughout his tnliro ministry,
31. J the records show the remarkable fact that during
:Iie six months immediately following his resignation.
:iiid \' hile he was still consenting to supply the pulpit
Gi.til a suitai:>h! successor could be found, there were
added to the church on profession of their faith sev- I

cull/ fci-fuiit, many of whom are among the active
members (.f the church at the present day. Another i
-P'>cial v.ork ol grace was enjoyed during Mr. Jau- ■■
vier's ministry in iheyfar 1842, when seventy-eight

persons united with the church.

-Mr. Janvier was succeeded in 1S5S by the Rev. E.
r. Shields, who labored here till 1870, .i period of.

twelve ycaro. ilis successor was the Rev. William
\. Ferguson, whose pastorate extended from 1S71

lii! ]8S1. During both these pastorates the church '•■

enjoyed steady growth and prosperity and several

seasons of special reviving.
The present jiastor. Rev. J. Davidson Randolph,

Inw just entered ni.cri his labors, having been in.stalled

on the loth of June last i 1SS2).
It is a reiJiarkable fact that five of the [lastors who

have served this church, viz., David Jl.ans, X. Green-

"lan, Isaac Foster, I'.uckley Carle, and Cieorge W.

Janvier, are buried side by side in tiif old gravc-

.vnrd; they sleep in the midst of those to wiiom they

I'teached. But few congregations enjoy the privilege

•>f having the graves of to many pastors in their

'iiidst.
The following persons have filled the office of ruling

"Ider in this church from its organization till the

i're.^ent time:

iii« Il.irJinj.
iic-1 1>. Krom.
vt JJulMis.

Enoch Msyliew.
Jo«>'*l>li 1.. Kii.-hni..ti
Iteiijnniiti F. liiirl.
AJam ?. Grafr.
Ricliard B. Wire.

Isaac Van Jlc-lor.
I*arnel Dubui«.
Wllhriifi AI'Ji-niiHn.
':UazerStiiiili.
Cid-,,1, C-.i.klyu.
Matthew DuUofa.
KiTiif IliiboU.
•tocob iJuUjiii, Jr.
■•"amu .McCluiic.
■Jvf.|,Ii V:.ri .lltlc.-.
"owa I.A«rret)ce.
t^aac narrt«

.tbr.ihaiii Uiil^.ia.
Kleazci 5Iaihew.
Brfijauiln \a!: .Mrle
Jeremiah L>uL.oia.
Julin Slrattjn.
Jclin Uaj'liow.
Jeremiah fo-l<T.
Ahiahai.i .Swlug.
Krrtjmiia Van Meter
Jortalhaii I,. Swing.
-MMea Illi;hDiaD.
Gnhan II. Ciaig.

There are at present three Sabbath-schools main-
tained in the bounds of the congregation, the aggre-
gate membership of which is about two huiidvul and
fifty.

There is a Ladies' Missionary Society and also a
Ladies' Mite Society, both of which are vigorous and
efficient organizations.

Pittsgrove Baptist Church.— Rev. Kohen Kelsny
began his labors in I'iltsgrove about 1 741. and a good,
substantial meeting-house was built in 1743.

In 1771. when the record of the Pittsgrove r.raneh
began, seventeen members of the Cohansey Church
ai)plied for letters of dismission, to become united
with the Pittsgrove Raptist Church. Their names
were John Mayhew.Sr., Willi.-im lirii'k,.racob Klwell,
John Dickis'.n, Cornelius Austin, Sanmel Brick Jo-
hannali Mayhew. Kleanor Nelson, llnher Ilewes.
Hannah F.hvell, .Matthew Arons, Pamannah Carton,
Fnlida Hudson, Matthias Dickinson, Phebe Nel.son.
Reuhaina Austin, Rachel I'riok. 'I'hey were consti-
tuted into :i regular gospel church i)ri the loth day of
M-iy. 1771.

"Then is recorded their church covenant, consist-
ing of (en articles, prepared for iheiu by Mr ICelsay,
and which continued to be used as such until 18G7,
when, to be in conformity with sister ehnrchcs, the
manual by J. Newton Brown was adopted."

The churcii takes its name from the townshi|) in
which it is situated. Its location is on the ro.id run-
ning from Darotown to Woodstown, aiid half a mile
distant from the former place.

.\n act of incorporation was secured fur the cluucli
on the t'th of M.irch, 1780. and John Mayhew, Wil-
liam Brick, William Dickson, John Kelly, Samuel
Rose, David Nicliols, and .l.tcob Wright were made
the truftecis.

The first house used for worship wa.s made of logs
and stood in the graveyard, on the same spot w1um'\
in 17-13, the frame meeting-house was built, during
the pastoral labors of Rev. Robert Kelsay. It was
of quite moderate size, but a very substantial struc-
ture, and after serving this cliurch for overs century,
in 1S44 was sold to and used by the colored people
for a house of worshiji. The present brick In.use was
built during the pastorate of Rev. .Air. Kain, in 1«44,
at a cost of two thousand two hundred dollars.

In 1771 a comfortable dwelling-house and othei
buildings were built on the parsonage lot of six'y
acres. At some .subsequent period a part ol the land
was sold, leaving about thirty acres, which continues
to be the Bapti.st parsonage of Pittsgrove. It is silii-
atcd about two Miiles from the mceti'ig-house, near
P'de Tavern.

Rev. Viilli..im Wortli w;:s ordained pastor .May 10,

496

HISTORY OF SALEM COUNTY.

1771. Tliis relatioa he held until 170iJ. Jn 1S03 he
w:is excladctl fur heresy, having long been ;; Univcr-
salist.

The names of the members of the church adhering
to the Hapti^t confession of faith in 1S03 were Su-
iraniiah EUvell, Catherine Harris. i!cuhania Austin,
Anna liobiuson, Tabitha Mayhew, Mary Nichols,
Susannah Garrison, Lovica Ehvell, IClizabwih Atkin-
son, Priscilla Blue, Abigail Joslin, licuhama Moore,
and Ivachol llobinsoii. Rachel Crick, about this
time, declared her adiiereiice to them. Kcuhauia
Austin and Rachel Hrick are the only constituent
members surviving.

During the time from 1S03 until 1827 they were
deiiendent on the occasional services of visiting
brethren for the preaching of the gospel ; nor from
the scanty records can it be told how ol"ten these
visits were made.

In ISIS tlic-y i)clitiontd the Association to aid them
with sui)plit-, that they might celebrate the Lord's
Supper at least tiiree times a year. In compliance
with tliis request, Messrs. Smallcy, Thompson, May-
Ion, Clark, and Mulford preached for them at stated
intervals.

The second pastor, Rev. William Racon, united
with tiie chiirch by letter from Salem in May, 1827,
and was at once called to the mini^try. lie was or-
dained in -August, lS2y.

On April 9, 1S31, Mr. Racou divided his labors |
between the churches at Pittsgrove and Woodstown,
and preached for both until 1S33, when he a^sumed
charge of the Woodstown Church alone.

The third pastor, Rev. AVilliam I'ollard, was called
to the pastorate of the church June 7, 1S33. He
retained his connection with the church two years.

John S. Ei-ieubrey, ilie fourth pastor, commenced
his pastorate in October, 1S37, aud continued until
^larcli, 1S42. He preached statedly twice on the
Sabbath in the meeting-house, morning and evening,
while on .Sabbath afternoons he jireached alternately
at Deerfield, I'ennytown, Washington school-house,
near Aliowaystown, and at the p:irsonage, and
fonictimes ho went out in the pine woods to a dis-
tance of twenty miles to )ireach. He was a faithful,
energetic pastor, and a zealous advocate of temper-
ance. Conjointly with his pastoral labors he farmed
the parsonage, taught the district school and a class
in mu-ie.

In the s])ring of 18-12 the church extended a call
to Charles Kain, Jr., a licentiate of the Moore^town
Baptist Church, to become their pastor. His pastor-
ate was very successful.

The present house of worship was cri'i.tcd and
si.\ty-one persons bapli/.cd into the fellowsliip of tiie
church during the pastorate of Mr. Kain.

After having visited the church. Rev. William I'.
Rrown was called to take pastoral charge of it in
March, 1817, and was ordained pastor in .\ugust of
the same year. While he was their pastoi the

church Iniilt a new dwelling-house on the parsorm.-.
and repaired the other buildings. He clo.~i d h>
labors with the church iu March, 1S50.

The seventh pa--tor, Re\. .\bel Philbrook, bep;ii
his pastoral labors iu February, ISol, and cK -i j
them in February, 1S.54.

In May, lSo4, Rev. Daniel Ivclsay began his hibor-
with this church, and coiuluued to he their pastor
for the ten succeeding years. He was born in Grctn-
wicl'., Cumberland Co., and was grandson of the 1;< v.
Robert Kelsay, so closely ideutilied with the histurv
of the older Baptist Churches of West Jersey, ami
particularly with that of Pittsgrove.

Rev. A. B. Still, the ninth, united with (he clmn 1,
and began his pastoral labor., on Oct. 1, 1SC4. After
a p.istoratp of nearly three years be closed his labor-
and removed to Danville, Pa.

Rev. Levi Slorse, from Newton, N. J., was settled
as pa«tor from Nov. IS, IStw, to .Vpril 2, 1871.

To Rev. Charles .-V. Molt the church gave a call i:.
July, 1>>71. It being accepted, he at once began hi-
(lasloral labors, and was ordained on the l">tli oi"
August, following. He resigned his charge in Janu-
ary, 1S71, which became ell'ectivc on the 1st of .\pfil,
1S74, following.

On the third S.abbath of July, in conipliaiue witli
an invitation from the church, the twelfth [lastur.
Rev. Morgan Edwards, began his pastoral labors with
the Pittsgrove Church. On Aug. 1, 1S74, the church
e.xtended to Mr. Edwards a call to become pastor.
He accepted, and remained until December, IST-I.
Rev. Levi Morse again became pastor in lS7"i, ai.4
continued the relation until the spring of 187S. July
10, 1S7S, Rev. John J. Rccler became i)astor, serviuL'
the church until November, lS>jO. Rev. T. (i. Deucli-
fiehl acted as supply in ISSO and ISSl. For a yc:ir
past the church has been without a pastor.

The present deacons of this organization are C. 1".
H.Gray,S. D. Hitchner, Thomas R. Cole.s, and K. I-
Sheppnrd.

Friendship Methodist Episcopal Church.— L!^^'»-
jamin Abbott was the father of Methodism in Salcni
County, and was certainly one of the most reniarkabh'
men of his generation. He married in early life and
located ill Pittsgrove township. His wife w.ts a
member of the Presbyterian organization centering at
l)aretown, and he occasionally went with her t"
church. In the fall of 1772, in the fortieth year of
his age, he was converted, under the preachiiig "'
.Vbrabani White worth.

Xt, that lime ho was a hired labtjrer for Briiiunii::
Van Meter, a prominetit farmer in the neighborhood.
who, a<!Cording to tradition, employed him sidcly <'ii
account of his niuscular strength, for otherwise he wa-
objectionable, being at times intemperate, and whil-
so quarrclsonie. There lived in the .same neighbor-
hood John Murphy, a nieinher of the Presbyterian
Church, and ;', man of coiHiderable intellect and ex-
tensive readi'ig, hIiosc liou-e appears to havi' Inc'. "■

TOWNSIIII' OF ITi'EH PlTTSGliOVK.

J97

i I

iioiiic lor tlio Methodist itinerant.-, aiiJ oiio ol' liioir
i;irlie*t preaciiinir-pln'.-es in tlie county.

Aller a time Mr. Murpliy uniti'J with the Meth-
ofiist Society, wliidi was formed at iiis hoii>e anterior
to that of any other Mctliodist organization in tlie
county. His friends opposed this action strongly,
but lie ajipears to have taken it solely on account of
a conviction that he would be more useful as a
Methodist than as a PresUyterian. Kcturning from
a meeting at Murjjhy's, Abbott's wife is said to have
been converted, subsequently leaving her Presbyte-
rian alliance and becoming a Metlui-list. Others
look similar action. Converts were made among
those who had jireviously not been professors of re-
ligion, and from year tfi year the or.L'anization gained
instrength.siiiritual, financial, and numerical. .Vboui
the beginning of this centnry a small one-story log
church w!U built, which later gave place to better
accommodations.

(In the site of Murphy's house w:us erected, iu
1&62 and IStJS, a comfortable cluirch, which was
dedicated Jan. 2i, lSiJ3.

This station had been for many years connected
with the several circuits which from time to time in-
cluded it, and was ministered to by many of the cir-
cuit preachers, mentioned elsewhere in couuectiou
with other early societies in other tov.-nsliips. In
1SG3 it was on the Pittsgrove and AVoodrulf charge.
Xt this time it is connccied with the Elmer and
Olivet Churche!", a similar relation having been sus-
tained years ago, ])rior to its connection with the
WoodruiT Church. In 1S43 the first regular pastor
was appointed to the Friendship, KImer, and Olivet
Churches in conjunction. This was Rev. Matthias
German. The. following-mcntion>-d pastors have suc-
ceeded him in the order named : IJcvs. Noah Ed-
wards, Joseph AtwooJ, John \V. McDougall, Jo.-^cph
Gaskcll, Abraliiim Geariiart, Levi J. Roads, Charles
W. Heisley, Saiu'icl Jiudson, Joseph Summerill,
James Merell, Samuel Johnson, Charles W. Heisley,
H. S. Xorris, M. C. Stoke-s, Edward II. Deurelle, J.
I'. Tur[)in, and J. il. Ilcilenman.

Industrial. — Ocirge M. Elwell established a dis-
tillery at iJaretown a number of years ago, which,
since his <leccase iji 1S73, has been owned by his
widow, and operated by Jacob Wies.

In 1S79, \Villia:ii Cook established a small ma-
chine-shop at Daretown and ojierated it about eigh-
32

teen months, bince the expiration of which it has been
clo^eii. It is now owned by Dr. Joseph Cook. Steam-
engines and saw-mills were manufactured, and iw;i
ice-uiachines. one of which has been opcr.uod at
So'ma, Ala., by Clayton & Cook.

Eighty or one hundred years ago a tannery wa~ es-
tablished at Pole Tavern. The first occupant of wl'.om
any present resident has any knowledge was Joseph
Cook, who wassucceedcd by Joseph Ketcham. Elisha
Heritage was proprietor from about 1S49 to about
1S55, and Henry Konser later nntit 1857, when the
present proprietor, Gottlieb Kress, look posses-
sion.

The several blacksmiths and wheelwrights now fol-
lowing their avocations in this towns'nip, :ls well as
many of their predecessors, have been mentioned.

The agricullnral interests of Upper Pittsgrove are
well advanced, and in most parts of the township are
to be seen farms vying in beauty of location, neat
appearance, and productiveness with any in the
county. Fruits, vegetables, melons, tomatoes, and
the various cereals are raised in abundance. Tlie
lanil in Upi>er Pittsgrove was heavily timbered for
some time after settlement began, and miu-h hibor
was cx[icnded in the early days in subiluiiig the for-
ests and clearing the soil of obstructions to till.'ige.
When placed under cultivation the land yielded large
erop.s of wheal, rye, and Indian corn, but for lack of
pioper rotation of crops, after a time, became ex-
hausted and me.isurably worthless. .\t this uulavoi-
able period in the agricultural history of the town-
ship, many of the earlier farmers becnmc dissatis'le'l,
sold their " worn-out" lands, and ren\oved to more
invilini; fields of labor. Those who (mrchased of
them did so witii the full knowledge tlint the land
was greatly deteriorated, and at a [rrice which vv.s
probably fixed in accordance with this fact, r.ui
they and the older settlers who stuck' to thr -I'd
gioiind where their forefathers had lived and duur-
ished, were soon rewarded by the discovery of marl
ill Pilesgrove, in quantities sufficient for its needs an I
■ tho.se of Upper Pittsgrove and portions of other adja-
cent townshins. The free use of this, and the freni^cnt
growth of clover, that great restorerofdelcrioralid soil,
eventually brought Pilt.sgrove to its pre.scnt s;ai;i-- n~.
one of the finest cereal-producing townships in the
county. A larger yield of English grapes is obiii'iiod
lierc than iu any other part of South Jer.sey.

HISTORY OF C1JMBERLANJ3 COUNTY.

CU APT Ell 1. XXVII.

DKSCRll'TIOX.

CDMnEiti.AXP CorxTY is the most <oiithcrn
county, excepting Cape May, in the Slntc. It is
hounHed on tlic northwest and norlli by Salom
County, on the nortlioast In- Oiomestcr and Atlantie,
on tlie s-oiitlieast by Cape May, and on tlie southwest
by Delaware Bay. It is about thirty miles Ion?-, eai-t
and west, and about twenty-eight miles in its greatest
breadth, north and south. Its surface is generally
level,. sloping {gradually to the dilfereiit streams which
pa^s thronph it.

Streams. — Tlic principal of these are Maurice and
Cohanxy llivcis. Maurice River has its rise in
Gloucester County, and pas-^inj; out of that county
becomes the boundary litic beUveen IMttsgrovc town-
shi)>, Salem Co., on the west, and Latidis township,
in this county, on the east, and then crosses through
the ca-<torn portion of Cumberland to the Delaware
Bay. Its general cour.se is almost directly south, and
its whole Iciigth is about forty-five miles, and with it'?
braiicl'.es it drains a basin of about three laiiidri.'d
and si.xty square miles. The Coliansey has its rise in
Salem County, and flowing a southerly rour.se into
Cumberland, becomes the dividing line between the
townships of Deerfield and Ilojiewell, flows through
the city of liridgeton, separating the Third Ward
froiu the l'ir>t and .Seiond. then becomes the boutid-
iiry line between Fairliold I'n the cast and soutli, and
Uopewell and Greenwich on tlie west and north. At
Fairton, four miles below the city of Bridgeton, it
makes a turn at a riglil angle lo the west, and follows
that general course to the town of Greenwich, from
which its remaining course is st)uth by southwest.
Its length is thirty-one miles, and it drains a basin of
about one hundred square miles. Stow Creek, on the
northwest, forms part of the boundary line with
Salem County ; West Creek, on the .southeast, partly
the boundary with Capo May. Back, Cedar, .-\utu.xil,
and Dividing Creeks, all emptying into Delaware
Bay, are the next largest streams.

Marshes.— Along Ihc whole shore of the bay e.>c-
tends a strip of marshy land, in breadth fniin half a
mile to one and two miles. Its suriace is usually
covered with diflerent varieties of salt grass and sod,
and is near the level of ordinary high water, while
e\lrii high tides frequeMlly cover it. Tliese mar-ihes
•106

are generally of soft mud underneath the sod, .thI
frequently so miry tliat horses or cattle cannot w;il',:
over them. The; nmd varies from a few inches {.,
thirty feet in deptli.and is underlaid by firm gravcli,
or sandy soil. These marshes also extend up the dif.
ferent streams for several miles. Considerable \>ot-
tions of them, mostly along the Cohansey and Mau-
rice liivers, have been ditched and banked in from
the tides, and are now fresh meadows, i)roduoiiigl.Tri'c
crops of fresh hay and of grain and vegetables. Be-
tween the dillerent .-Ireanis necks of uplainl projci i
into the salt mar.-li almost to the shore of the hay.

Soil and Productions. — The soil of the county U
of alluvial formation, aul is in general a sandy ln.iiii.
West of the ("ohansey it is heavier, being more iiiior-
mi.\cd V, ilh clay, and on it large crops of wheal, oats.
and corn are grown. Between the Cohansey and
Maurice llivers it is somewhat lighter, and while pr'»-
dncing good cro))S of grain, it is better adapted to t!i<'
growth of fruits and vegetables, immense qlIantitie^
of which are annually raised. East of the latter
river are large tracts of quite sandy soil, formerly
thought to be entirely use!c.vs for agricultural i>ur-
piises, but which, under the incivasiiig knowlc'ge and
resources of agricultural >cicnce, have been m;ide,
during the last twenty years, to produce huge eii/[.-
of fruits and vegetables.

The western portion of the county is mostly under
cultivation, the limber remaining consisting of while,
black, and red f>ak, hickory and pine, but in tiu-
eastern purlion tlierc are still large tracts of iinim-
proved land, pine constituting a much larger propor-
tion of the timber than in the western. Most of iliis
has been cut oil' for lumber and firewood .several limes
since the settlement of the county. Along the uiqier
portions of the dillerent streams, above the salt marsh,
were formerly tract.s of cedar swamp, many of then!
quite e.xtensive and of great value; most of these
have been cut off and the cedar timber convert'.d
into shingles, siding, rails, etc.

The elevated ridges between the streams arc under-
laid in many places with a brown s^audstone and con-
glomerate, which consists of a sand or fine gr.ivel
cemented by o.xide of iron. This stone is quarried as
a building material in many places. When frislil.v
quarried it is frequently soft and crumbling, but on
exposure to the air becomes hard and firm enouirh '■•»'
use, and is in general use in the cons: ruction of eel!.!"
walls and foundations. It is soinetinies .iscd for li^i-'

GENKKA1> HISTORY.

walls of buildiiijrs, but is not jreiierally ouiploypil lor
!li:lt [lUipose.

On both sides of Stow Creek the soil is uiiJerlaid
with marl in beds from six to fifteen feet thick,
covered willi from three to fifteen feet of dirt. These
beds outcrop along tlie stream for a distance of about
three miles, along wliich distance are numerous
openings or jiils wliere it is dug.

A bed of white sand, known as jrlass-saud, underlies
the surface gravel throughout the whole of tlie soutli-
i>rn cud of the State, and has its outoroppings in dif-
ferent portions of this county, but princifially in the
viiinity and to the eastward of Maurice Kiver. The
action of r.vins and the diifcrcnt streams in carrying
olf the snrface gravel which formerly overlaid tliis
bed has given origin to the sandy tracts which cover
a l.irge portion of tlie county east of Maurice River.
Xumcrous openings have been made into this bod, and
immense quantities of it are used every year in glass-
making in this county, and shi|>ped to other points
for the same purpose.

The area of the county, a* given in the Geological
Survey of the State, which was made before Com-
mercial townshiji was formed from l)owne, and before
the small portion of Maurice River township was set
oQ* to Cupe May County iu 1S7S, is us follows:

41.0J ,

■iifiii)

81I.U

.'.7,(ili

7&:w '

4«,10>

17 70

u,:-.i;i>

30.(10

19,3/0

7i.G9

«,5J-.'

M».M

^.V.D

SOJ« .

S.i.J-^i

I.ASD TITLES.

Tilles to land in New Jersey are derived from the
Hrilish Crown. Among the nations of Europe it was
a settled principle that all uninhubltcu countries, and
also those inhabited by savage tribes, became the
property of the nation who first took possession of
tlieni. In the ca-e of an inhabited country, no justi-
ffaiion of this principle of law Ciiu bo found except
that " might makes right." The right> of the Indians
Ks po.ssessors of the soil for ages past wore made sub-
ordinate to that of the .sovereign who claimed that
he had taken ])ossession of the land by some of his
subject-s s.ailing along its .shores and exploring its
rivers and harbors. All the rights of projierty, and
•he principles which arise from occupation and use of
property, although well defined in all civilized nations,
and recognized to sonic extent even among savag^;
•rihes, and without which society, even in lis skimpiest

forms, cannot exist, were held .as of no binding force.
The one well-recognized j)riuciple among all jicple
has been that discovery of a new land has vested the
right to the soil in the nation making the discoviry,
an<l taking even a theoretical, although not a practical,
possession of it.

It is true that the rights of tlie Indians to the soil
of New Jersey were bought by t!ie first Proprielois.
.Mtlupugh they claimed a legal title from the Crown,
both policy and the inherent sense of right, which
could not be cutirely set aside by the teachings of
centuries or the desires of avarice, prompted them to
make some compensation t>> those whom they found
in the actual po.ssession of the land they wished to
occupy. The friendship of the savages was worth a
great deal to the few and scattered settlers. Their
own safety was a powerful a<ljunct to that inborn
feeling that the natives had some rights, however
slight they might be. To these incentives to pur-
cliiise the rights of the Indians was added the chance
to buy those rights cheajily. Large portions of the
lands were only ii.sed for hunting, and the goods
ami trinkets offered them by the new-comers were of
wonderful value to iheni, iilthougli costing the set-
tlers little. Immense tracts of land, the most fer-
tile and valuable to the settlers, although no more
valuable to the Indians than the jioorcr portions,
were .sold for a few baubles. Their rights were in-
deed bought, but the comjieusation was grossly inad-
eijiiafe. But however small was the price paid, and
however much the ignorance and vanity of (lie In-
dians was taken advantage of, yet no part of Xew
Jer-sey w.as ever taken from them by force, hut all
wn.s acquired by voluntary sale. In these sales rights
of hunting and fishing on uninclosed lands were often
reserved, but even tho.-e rights were extinguished by
the Slate in IS'',2, by the payment of two thousand
dollars, although the la>tof the Indians had renioved
from the State and abandoned those rights many
years before.

The right of individuals to purchase directly Irom
the Indians without the consent of the Proprietors
was not recognized, and laws were early passed for-
bidding it. The right to extinguish the Indian claims
was exercised only by the Proprietors, umler their
grants from the Crown, and from them alone could a
legal title be obtained. Deeds from the Indians were,
however, obtained by some of the .settlers for the
lands in their possession, but unless surveys were also
obtained their legal title rests upon possession, and
not upon the deeds.

We give below a copy of one of these old Indian
deeds for a tract of land in (Greenwich lown-hii).
The deed is well written anil in good preservation.
The .'•ignatures of the Indians are by their marks, one
of them being evidently an imitation of a how. The
, old style of capital letters and spelling is given :

" R?*nw All mbn hy tli*-*** j>re»eiit, Ibftl w*
llrethren and Indian I'miiriptur-i uf that |i.i

liHwk-a-uiini .>ntl la-liu
<il of l;iud a.lltiJ

500

IIISTOUY OF CIMRKKLANIl COUNTY.

kn.>\riipU>ihe Inlliii Xaiives I>.t ilic nnnic of Ci-i:i-iinn.f:iil, Ij-ins neir
Colijn»-.r Mil P.'1:i»;ire-riv<T. P'T aixt in Connilonitlun of ■mt? Illankrt
— line duul>ltf liiiii'irnl of p>iwiii>r, two Utrrs of Li-:iJ, two knives, tliree
licnny-wurth i^f |t.iiritf one 11«><*, one .Vve, one looking; gl;i«^, one ixiir of
i^it-ri, out- Siiirt and oi.c Bri-ocli-vl..ili. lo lu in Imn.lijM l.v J..lin
Xidioll.. of NiotiilN lUrtford iieori- Cilianzey aforo-aid PI inter, at Mid
before the rn^ealia^ & delivery hi-reof, llie receipt wiiereof is herebr
ackno»1ed^-d, have {^ranted. l>ari:.iiutHl, sold, aliened, enfeofl^*.! iind con-
firmed— unl.. the J.\id John Sii-liolis lii.> lieita ami a<9i:.;a3 for ever, a
parcel (»f land couteyning e-sleemacon one linndr«'d acrea (be It more or
less I Bulled an J bounde*! a« f-dliwelli, Beginnin;; at Henry Jenln^^
bonnd-'.l tree slanling necre tlie little ( reeke, called the Great-tree Creek
mark't with U.J. fit'Ui tltenro Kunniu;: V est to llie Mid lleury Jeuings
his l«inn.l.-.| tree ni irkt with the letter H. J. 121 pearche. fn.m thence
Sorlh N'orth-We*t M'. lieari'll.^s. lo a little Hick-ry-tre» being the IVninds
of George Hitslewood% Henry Jcnin^ *v Sanmell Bactui a: n-ere the
bounded tree marked with the letters G. II., 11. J., S. ll. Jt J. N'., fn^ni
Iheuce running on .<aniue!l Bacons line f oulli S by We^t !)» fearches to
a Red-<iake-tiee beini; the bounded tree of Satnnell Bacon A- the said
John Xicho1i< Diark'l with the letter* S. B. .t J. N. from tlieure East to
the first nieucoootl tree 2t)l pearches, to the Creeke called the Great-tree
Creeke and running by the siid Creeke South Kast to dhnnzey River
CO pearches, fr.'Ui llieiice d iwnn hy Colianiej River Sonlh Sonth-West
In Sanmell Uacnns lounded tree (tanilin: by the lali.llng. mark't wlh
ths letlun S. B. ,(. J. N. ■m pearches, from thence to a Ked-Oake-trco
mark't with three notches in Samuel llacous lyue runniug West 9U
perches— Tiirn H viuning at .«amnell Dicous lyne in the Mnri«h, at a
post set tliere ni irk't with the letter J. rnnnin-,; Sonth E.i-it by t'^ilmn-
ley-liver ;» pearclie«, from thence Soutb-Wcl to atiother post 2-
pe-arches marked with the letter J., from thence North-West to a p'>st
30 pearches mark't with the letter J., from thence Xorth- Kast lo the
first menconej iw«!, ■.'.•p"archei. To n.iTE Axn to llotn all the mid one
hundred aeret of land and mari-'h, tof;etlier with tlie Creekes, Woods,
proliu, Comuio'lilies .V heivdilamenls wbalsoerer Ihereuiito beIoiii:ing
lohim the ?1 John Mchnlls his heir> and H.''si/ns f.rever, lo his and
their own proper ii^e and behoof forever without the ■li.<liirbnnce .)f u»
SlK.wk-n-nun i Kl-lioe Brethren or either r.r us our belr« or assigns, or
any other persju or iierstins ctiymlu^ lawfully to have any Iitdiau
right, lftt-.*t>r interest therein, and theieto we bind etirselves, aU'l our
h-irs, JoyufuMy audsererilly lu the penalty of Sixty B.Kl.skinnes to
be paid by us ourlieini or n'slj^nessd John XlchoUs his heirs or aasl'.-ues
lo Wllues'v whereof wiv; tlie parties ah<>vc 8(1 have llilerchatiifcably put
our haiiits and Seales this 'JiVcii day of llic fourDi inoidli in yo yeare
accoiding to the Kuglish accl.

ICK!.
the marke of the marke of

[bis mark) (his mark]

Sbawk-a-nun Kl-ooe

" Signed, Sealel .\ Delivered in ye presence of

Richard Guy | ^^„,^
James Xevill I

" KocordeJ Hit Utli day of July .\ui.o Poinliiy by me Samll Hedge

*• Iletordr."

Ry A royal patent, ilatctl March 12, ]GG], King
Charle.< II. graiilcil lo lii.-= brother, the Duke ol' York,
aflerwarfis King Jaine.i II., the country between tlie
western .«i<ie of the Coniieelicut Kiver and the east
side of Delaware IJay, together with Long Island, the
island-; of Martha's Vineyard and Xaiituckct, and also
a lar^e tract, incl'-idinj: what is now the ea-stern part
of Maine.' This grant conferred upon the duke
rights of government as well as rights of .-oil.

By deeds of lease and release, dated June 2-3 and
24, 1()04, the duke conveyed to John Lord IJerkoIey
and Sir George Carteret all that portion of his grant
frc>ni the king included in this State, and gave it the
name of Nova CtsMrea, or New Jersey,- in honor of
Carteret, who v.iis born on llie island of Jei.rpy. and
who also, as royal Governor, defended that island

1 New Jeisey Archives, vol. i. j.p. S-8.

: Ibid., pp. S-U.

against the forces of Parliament, it being the l.i-i
place to lower the royal banner after the execution ,,i
Charles 1. In tlii.s grant all the rights of governuieni
which the liukc held wore also transferred to r>i.rkeKy
and Carteret.

Lord r.crkeley, by deed of bargain and sale, dieted
March 1.^, ll>7;, conveyed all his undivided half
of New Jersey to Jidiii Fenwiek.^ This deed, U|i.,ii
its face, conveyed an absolute estate in fee-simii'.c,
but it was really purchased wiih funds belonging in
large part to Edward I^yllinge, and Fenwick was in
equity a trustee for him. Fenwick claimed the whol..-
as his absolute estate, but it was finally submitted to
William Penn as arbitrator, who decided that Fen-
wick was entitled to one-tenth of tlie moiety or half
part of New Jei-ey, and that the other niiic-teiUlis
belonged to Bylliiige. In submission to this arbitra-
tion, Fenwick and Bylliiige, by deeds of lease and
release, dated Feb. 9 and K.), 167t, conveyed to
William Penn, Gauen Laurie, and Nicholas Lucas
the undivided half part of Xew Jersey.' Laurie and
Lucas were among the i)rincipal creditors of I'.yl-
liiige. This dccil al.so was absolute in its terms, but
it was agreed by all the parties thereto that tlicy held
ninety jiarts, the whole moiety being divided into one
hundred parts, as trustees of Byllinge. for the purpose
of paying his creditors. A memorandum on the b,uk
of the deed, dated 7th of Sd month (May), 1075, set
forth that the remaining ten parts had been drawn
by .Tohii Fenwick as liis projiortion of the moiety,
and that he had accepted of the -^ame, and the tru-teis
for the other lots were sati-lied therein.'

Fenwick, from the time when Lord Berkeley con-
veyed to him an interest in the province, had been
making exertions to i)lant a colony in his domain-^,
and w.is now about ready lo embark. But he, like
I5yllinge, was in debt, and to secure his creditors he
executed a deed, in the nature of a moiigagc, dated
July 17, lG7f), to two of his jMincipal creditors, Joiin
Edridge and Edmund Warner, to .secure the i)ayirient
of his debts. By this deed they had a right to sell
lands in Fenwick's ten parts until their claims and
tlio.-e of the otlier creditors were paid, and a list of
the debts was aiine.ved to the deed. .Ml the lands
previously sold by Fenwick were excepted in this
deed."

By what is called the Quintipartite Deed,' dated
July 1, \l>'lj, a division of New Jersey between the
owners was made, by a division line running from
Little I-^gg Harbor to the Delaware Biver, in latitude
forty-one degrees. To Sir George Carteret was as-
.-rigncd all that portion of New Jersey lying to the
ea-:twar'l of the line, and he in return riuit-olalmed all
tliat portion to the westward of the lino to Penn,
I>anrie, and Lnc:us. ByUiiigc abo ji^ined in the deed,

3 Ibid., p. i09. * Ihld., p. -21(1.

' Life r.f Johll. Fenwick, by John Clements, pp. 21, 21.

*■■ Ibid., pp. 'lOt 20.

' N.J. Arciiives, 1. pp. 2u5-J10.

GENERAL HISTORY.

501

ifi .-iliow hii absent lo the iii-.i!ciii;: of a partition 1 y lii>
trii>ti-es.

In tho nic:in time war Icul Uroken out hotwoc-n the
Eii!rli-=Ii :"ul Dntcli. in 1(57:2. ario<lilion
Uiid retaken Xow York from th-' ]-2n<rli-=li, but :',t tlie
conclusion of pe.nco in 1(573 it «as restored. Di>ul>ts
boing raiscii wiietlier llic lorniei grants were not nb-
rojrateil by the conqnest by the Dutch, tlie king made
a new irrant to the Duke of York .June 2'.), 1()74. The
duke delayed coiifirininir lii« former grants, and
llirougli tlie etforts of Sir Edmund Andros, in whose
commission as Governor of Xew York the duke li.-id
also included New .Icrsey. lie endeavored to retain
the right of covernuiont in Xew Jersey in himself.
But finally the duke entirely rcliuquishod liis claim,
and Aiig. (), 1(5S0, lie executed a new grant to Edward
Byllinge, William Peiin, Gauen Laurie, Nicholas
Lucas, John lAlridge, and Edmund Warner (tlic last
.two tlie mortgagees of Fenwick' for the one-half of
New Jersey as divided by the Quinlipnrtite Deed,
and which was now named West New Jersey. This
grant gave the right of property in ten equal un-
divided hundred parts to the use of .lohii Edridge
and Edmund Warner, and in ninety undivided hun-
dred parts to Penn, I-aurie. and Lucas, in trust for
Dyllingc, and vested all the rights of government in
Bylliiige alone.'

The settling of the province had meanwhile been
progressing. Fenwick, in about a month after exe-
cuting the conveyance by way of a niorigage to
P^dridge and Warner, had sailed with a number of
emigrants and commenced a settlement at Salem. In
the fall of 1(577 the Yorkshire and London Friends
copimenctd their settlement at Burlington, under
titles derived from Penn, Laurie, and Lucas.

By the arbitration between Eemviok :;nd I'.yllinge.
and the subsequent conveyances, it appears that West
Jersey was to be divided into one hutidre<l parts or
Rhares, each part constituting a full proprietary in-
terest, of which Fenwick was to have ten. Sales of
a considerable number of tliese undivided .shares
were made by Penn, Laurie, and Lucas, the trustees
of Byllirige, and the purchasers thereby became pro-
prietors in common with llieiii. These shares were
set forth in the deeds as the ninetieth parts of ninety-
hundredth parts. Sales of ]iortioiis of shares and of
specific quantities of land were made by the owners
of proprietary shares. The former carried with them
their due jiroportion of proprietary rights, the latter
only the pnqierty in the soil of the land granted.
The original intention of the division into one hun-
dred parts wa.=. to have the land run out into one hun-
dred lots, and each proiirietor to have a specific lot
for each share he held, which he could then dispose
of as he pleased. The choice of these lotR was to be
by casting lots for them, and in pursuance of this
Fenwick, soon after the execution of his and Bvl-

tinge's deed to Penn, Laurie, and Lucas, drew for his
ten lot.s Nos. 2rt, 21, 2(5, 27, 30, 47, oO, 57, (.>.3, and
72. This tr.insaction took place in England, and
whether any maii of West Jersey showing the hva-
tioii of the lots was ever made is unknown, hut, it !>
probable tii.it there was not. The drawing had refer-
ence to a future actual division of the ground to be
niaile by the surveyors. ]!y the 'Concessions and
Agreements" it was dirntod tliat the land should be
ilivided into one hundred parts, as occasion should
require. First, for expedition, it was to be divided
into ten parts, and then the tenths to be divided inio
ten "proprieties"'; and provision was also made
I"or the election of one proprietor or l"reeho!der for
each propriety as n member of Assembly.

Fenwick. without any regular survey or allotnuiit,
claimed and held the land where he settled as his ten
lots, and granted to those who purchased from him
deeds for speeilic numbers of acres out of it. The
titles held under him were thus ac(]uired very nearly
in accordance with the original intention of the Pro-
l>rietors.

By the Concessions and Agreements, land was given
to every settler, for himself and liis servants, a defi-
nite number of acres for each one, if they came
within one, two, or three years, subject to an annual
quit-rent, which was very small; these were called
'■ head-lands."

Owing to the ditUculty of getting the Proprietors
together to transact their business, they in U57i> re-
solved to appoint a Proprietary Council, elected yearly
from among themselves. This (iractice is still kept
up, their meetings being held at Burlington. Owners
of a thirty-second [lart of a Inindredtli have tlie right
of voting ami being eleclcl. Only about twenty
persons are now known to be Proi'rietors. who sever-
ally own from the thirty-second part tif a liuudredlh
to several hundredths.

Dividends were declared to each I'roprietor, the
first one being for five thousand two hundred acios,
and in all dividends for thirty-five thousand acres
have been made to each share. " The.se dividends
include much more land than is found within the
limits of West Jersey, but a large nnmber have never
been claimed, and it is not known who are cntiikd
to tliem."^

After the rights to head-lands ceased, and excepting
lands the title to which proceed fiom Fenwick, and
some few tracts sold by some of the Proprietors within
two or three years of the first settlement, titles lo
land were and arc now accpjircd as follows: The
dividends made to each Proprietor entitled !iim to
take up the quantity of land called for, or so niucli
as he had not as yel appropriated, in any ]):(rt of the
province where he could find land not taken up by
any other survey. Deeds for specified number of
acres entitled the grantee of any Proprietor to take

1 N. J. ArchivM, ). pp. 82+-.^■',2.

i Riiintil'Cpnc-J of Now Jersey, aM^ri'li:

502

HISTORY OF rUMl?Kni,AND COT-NTY.

up tlio land in like iiiniiner. Upon due proof of tlie ,
title, the Proprietiiry Council issued ii w:irr:int to tbc
surve.vor-;;oiier;il or his deputy, direeiin^' him to sur-
vey the number of acres mentioned out of any lands ,
not covered hy other surveys. The surveyor, after
m.-^king the survey in such place a* the person en-
titled chose to have it, made a return to the sur- |
veyor-general, and he to the Council, and when ap- 1
proved by them it was then recorded. This made a
complete title to the specific tract, hisdecd giving the
owner title, and the survey specifying the particular
tract. No surveys were allowed to extend to both
sides of a navigable stream. l-"or every one hundred
acres called for the owner received a survey for one
hundred and five, the live acres being an allowance
for roads. For tliis reason lands for roads were taken
for uiany years without compensation to the owner.

After the death of Byllingc his heirs sold all his
rights, both in the land and government, to Daniel
Coxe, who W!u> one of the chief Troprietors, aud he
by two separate instruments, daleil March 4, 109 j,
conveyed all his interest in the soil and government
to the West Jersey Society.

Fenwick conveyed all his interest in We.-t Jersey,
excepting thereout one hundred and fifty thousand
acres, to William IVnn, Maich 23, U;S2. Although
Fdridge and Warner claimed that, by neglect to pay
the mortgage given to them by Feiiwiek,all his rights
were forl'cited to them, and althougb this claim was
api)arently held good by the second grant from the
Duke of York iu .August, 1680, wherein he conveyed
to Edridge and Warner, and not to Fenwick, the
right to the ten undivided parts of West Jersey, yet
Fenwick strenuously upheld his rights, and was sup-
ported llierein by eminent legal coun-^el in London.
Me coiilinucd to dispose of lands during his life, and
after his death, in December, liiS-?, his executors, as
authorized bv liis will, also sold large tracts.

C H A r T !•: H L X X V 1 1 1.

llEKoKK leaving England, Fenwick conveyed to
John Edridge, in May, 1C7'>, ten thousand acres, aud
to Edmund Warner, in June, 1075, ten thousand acres,
in part payment of the money advanced by them.
Ijy virtue of the deed, in the nature of a mortgage,
made to them by Fenwick, they also sold considerable
quantities of land. Warner .sold five thousand acres
to John MiLsoii, June 10, lG7o, which at his death
descended to his oldest son and heir-at-law, Cornelius
Mason. lie Iiad the five thousand acres located and
surveyed May 30, 1C89, and gave it tlie name of
WinclK'ondj Manor. Tiiis survey began " at the
bouiid tree of Kobert Hutchinson, standing in a

valley by the west-northwest side pf the north brand:
of the river Colian/.ick," and ran up the river to :,
white-oak tree standing upon the brow of the hill oi:
the soutii side of a branch afterwards called the I'ppcr
Clearing Branch, and now West llrancli ; then alon-
the south side of the Branch W.X.W. SCO perch..,
to a while-oak tree; then south by east 123G perches
to a corner; and then E.S.E. t^OO perches to the
beginning. The west line of the survey ran to the
e.ast of a south course .ibout where the road now i^
that crosses the Shiloh turnpike at Barret's Run, and
runs northward by the fiirm^ of Adam Mincli, wIktl
he lived a few years ago, Lawrence Harris, and others.
The large liiekorytrce, about three feet in diamot.r,
and supposed to be at least one hundred and fifiv
years old, which stood in front of the upper house nn
tlie Lawrence Harris place, and which was blown
down in the September gale in 1S7(), was in the west
line of tliis survey. Cornelius .Mason seems to have
been ambilioiis to establish a manor, and retained
the title to the whole tract, or if lie sold any he re-
served i|uit-rents. At his death it descended to his
son, Cornelius Mason, Jr., of London, a merchant
dealing in hides, pelts, etc., who willed it to his cousin
and heir-at-law, Joseph Mason, of Newinglon Butts.
in the county of Surrey, and others; and they by deed
dated Xov. 24, 17G2, sold tlie same to Lsrael Bomber-
ton, a prominent member of the Society of Friends
in Phihideljdiia. This survey, having been made
under Fenwiek"s title and by Jolin Worledge, tlio
deputy-surveyor of the Salem Tenth, was not re-
corded in tlic surveyor-general's office . it Burlington
until 1704, after I'embeitoii became tl-.e owner of the
land. He then laid it before the Cuuncil of Pn.pri-
elors, who, " being satisfied that it had been mnde
agreeably to the etistoin of the Salem Tenth," n}'-
i proved it and ordered it to be recorded.
I As will be seen, this survey covered what aio now
I ainong the most valuable lands in the county, nearly
I all the Third Ward of Bridgeton and a large part of
I Upper Hopewell being included in its bounds.
' In a few years after Fenwick 's death surveys ceased
to be made by surveyors authorized by the Salem au-
thorities and recorded there, but all purchasers took
. their titles to the Council of Proprietors at Burling-
ton, by whom warrants for surveys were issued, and
were returned and recorded there. The Mason sur-
vey having been sent to England without being re-
corded, other i>ersoiis laid claim to some of Ihe land.
' On tli.it r.art of it which is now the farm of the Cum-
berland Xail i.nd Iron Company, on the north side of
Jed<ly's Pond, "as early as 1C97 one John Garri>or.
settled and built a house, and about 1715 built a
house of cedar logs near the bridge, in which IV-njn-
min Seeley lived."' Garrison jiorliaps had some claim
to the land under the arrangenicuts of Mason to es-
tablish the manor. About 1730, Sihw Parvin ob-

' Klmcr"; lll'iturj- of Cumlwihiml Couiily,

GENERAL HISTORY,

503

taiiied ]io?^t:-sion of the laiiJ tli:it Imil bct-n oi-cupied
liv fiarri^on. ]irol'abl_v by j»lirch:iSL' iVoin liiiii. In
1741 a suit was onDimoncoil iiivolvinj: tlie location of
this survoy, a jury <>f viow was siiinnioncd, and
Thomas Mile«, of Ponn's Neck, the leading surveyor
of SaK'in County, rcsurveyvd the whole Marion tract
for tliis jury of view on Oct. 13 and 14, 1741.

By the ori'^iiial survey the Mason tract began at
the upper corner tree of the Hutcliinson survey, on
the we>t bank of tlie Cohansey, and tlie south line of
the Mason and north line of the Ilutchiuson survey
were the same. Wiiere the true corner was seems to
have been unknown, and this jury of view fi.xed the
corner of the Mason triict on the wc<t side of the Co-
hansey, twenty perches below the bridire over that .
river, from which the south line of the tract runs
westward about where Oak ?'treet now is. j

Silas Piirvin, in order to strengthen his claim, bought
of Joseph Goldin, Kcb. S. 174G, forty-five acres of un-
located land, part of two hundreil acres (toldin has ;
bought of John Ogden, who owned one-eighth of a !
proprietary right, which he bought from William ■.
Biles, of Bucks County, Pa., in 170'.». Under this '
right Parvin laid a survey on the land he was in pos-
session of, and set up a title in opposition lo that of
Mason. He built a t>vo-story hip-roofed house ou
this Innd, which .-tood south of Commerce Street and
a little east of .Atlantic, about where the back part of
the hardware-store of I). Bacon i^v Son now is, and
faced the river and the road, the latter then running
from the foot of the bridge southwesterly, between the
river and the house, up the side of the hill lo Broad
.Street, near the present corner of Franklin Street.
Parvin illed in Tebruary, 1779, and the property
claimed by him descended to his .sou Clarence as
hei.'ut-law.

Pemberton, soon after he became pos^■essed of the
Mason title, began to sell oft' tracts to different ]ier-
sons, niost of whom cleared the land and built upon
it. J>r. Jonathan Klmcr, ii; some way not now known,
but probably by conveyance from Clarence Parvin,
came into po.ssession of part of the Parvin claim, and
in 1783 they made a division between them. Pem-
berton brought suit against Parvin in 17a'!, but it was
dropped. Clarenoe Parvin died about 17SS,and Pem-
berton also about the same time. The land below
Ireland's mill-pond was sold by Sheri/1' Josc])h Buck,
and bought by Joiintba!) Boweu.

Dr. .Tonatli:in Klmerobtnined (probably from Jona-
than Bonen) all that portif.n of the )irii/)ortv in Bridge-
ton west of Franklin Street and soutli of Jcidy's
Pond, while the present titles to the remainder are
held under Bowen.

.^niong the earliest survey.s for lands in this county
^.•as one for Bobert Hutchinson, who had a survey
laid for nine hundred and fifty acre-? May 27, ICSG.
The upper comer of it was a " white-oak on the we>t
fide of the C'ohaiisey Biver marked with the letter
H.and standini' in the hollow near tiiC river, above

the place of gi>ing over lo Richard Hancock's mill,"
and the north line of the tract ran west-northwest
frcim tiiat corner. This corner tree stood near where
now is the brick building used as a machine-shop by
Cox & Sons, near the fuot of Hampton Street iu the
city of Bridgcton, and all that part of the Tliird Ward
of Bridgcton south of that line, and the adjoining
IHirlioii of Hopewell township on the west, are in-
cluded within its boundaries. The south line of this
survey ran wcstw.ird uj) Island Branch Creek, as
Cubby's Hollow stream was then called.

This tract was sold after his death by his two
daughters and their husbands to Klias Cotling, who
sold it off in smaller tracts. Through some, unex-
plained error the corner of this survey, and, as a
consequence, that of the JIason survey, which joined
it on the north, was su])posed to be farther uj" the
river, and Cotling conveyed jiortions of the land
north of the true line to purchasers, and himself
built a good-sized house near w here the line was suji-
jiosed to be. After the corner of the Masou tract
had been fixed at the suppo.-.ed location of it, twenty
rods below the bridge, the true corner was found,
thus leaving a vacancy between this and the Masor.-
Peniberton tract.

Ebenezer Miller, who was one of (he leading citi-
zen.^ of the county, residing at (.Jreenwich, and a sur-
veyor, bought of Thomas and Iiichard Penu, Nov. o,
174S, five thous.md acres of uiilocated land. He had
a survey made for him by Oeorge Trenchaid, a deputy
surveyor, on the same dale, which covered this inter-
vening land bttweeu the HiUchinsoi) and Mason
surveys, and contained four hundred und tweiiiy
acres. The laud iiiciuded in this survey, extending
fro'.M Oak Street to the neighborhood of Hampton
Street, and running from the river westwaid between
five hundred and six hundred rods, is among the
most valuable in the city. Miller quit-claimed to
]Uirchascrs under Cottiug and sold olf jiarts of the
tract, and Dec. 14, 17'<!', deeded llic remaining por-
tions wit!:in the buill-up limitx of the city to his son,
Josiah Miller, under whom the titles are now held.

Kobcrt Hutchinson originally purchased two thou-
sand acres of Job Xcttle.^hip, son and heir lo Vices-
sitnus Nettlcship, April 22, liJSo, who bought the
same of Fenwick in June, 1()75. He sold one thou-
sand acres, June 13, 1G87, to George Hazlewood.
This tract includes some of the best land iu the
county, and Lay west of Hutchinson's survey, cover-
ing that portion of Hoiiewell town.-ihiii about Bowcn-
town, the southerly line of the fartn of John S.
ITohacs being the south line of this tract.

Joshua P.arkstead's survey covered that jjortion of
Hopewell township south of Hutchinson's and Hazlc-
wooil's surveys, and running from the Cohansey west-
ward to I'owontown. He gave to this tract the name
of Arcadia, doubtk-.'^s ho|)ing, although it might be
lacking in the mountains aiid lovely scenery of \U
Grecian pro'.ityiie, yel that t'lose \>ho nhonld be in-

501

IlISTOIU' OK CUMBERLAND COUNTY.

<luce>l to locate there nii;rlit liixl tlie riiial iloliirhts
and ;iliouniliiiL' plenty of which that name has become
a syiioiivnie.

Oil June/. li.!7.'., before leavinir Enjrland, Fenwick
sold lo Edmund Duke and Thonia-: Duke six ihousand
acres of land, which they conveyed to Edmund Gib-
bon, a merchant, thou of New York, but formerly of
Benneudon, in the county of Kent, England. Ue had
a survey made for him by Kicliard Hancock, who
bad been Kenwick"s surveyor-general, Nov. 9, lOSi,
in two Iracls. The larger one, containiii'j: four thou-
sand five hundred acres, covered nearly all that por-
tion of Greenwich township norlli of the New Jersey
Southern Railroad, excepting' the upper cud of tlie
town of Greenwidi, and al-^o included a small corner
of Hopewell and a considerable portion of the lower
end of .>?tow Creek township. The east line ran from
Barne^'at Hill, a corner in the present division line
between the townships of Greenwich and Hopewell
nearlhe hc:i<! of the stream on wliich is .•^lieppard":
mill-pond, through Koadstown, between the Baptist
nieelin.L'-house and the cross-roads, to a corner from .
which the northerly line ran, first west along tlie ;
north lincof Ihc farm of David Cook, and then west- :
southwest throusdi about the middle of tlio lower part ,
of the township of Slow Creek into the marsh lying !
on Stow Creek. i

Thesnialler tract, containiuj; fifteen Iiundred acres,
was laid out opposite to this one. on the west side of j
Stow Creek, in Salem County. Owing to disputes with ;
adjoiiiing owners the tract was resurveyed by Richard
Tindall, who succeeded Hancock as surveyor-general
for Fci:v,ick and bis executors, on .March 2!i, liJSC, and
again on May S, 170s, by Benjamin .^eton, who was ,
the principal surveyor in Salem County after the
de-ith of Tindall, in December, l(iP7, or .lanuary,
Ui'JS. 'Edmund Gibbon, by his will, left this jiroperty
to liis b.'other George for his life, and then to i;d- !
mund Gil)bon, younger son of George, who conveyed [
it, July 20, 17U0, to Francis Gibbon. Francis, by his ■
will, dated Oct. a, 1727, gave it to his kinsmen, Leon-
ard Gibbon and his brother, Nichola.s Gibbon, wheel- ,
wrighl, both of Gravesend, in ICeut, sons of .Vrthur
Gibbon, describing it as "all that tract of land called '
Mount Gibbon, U|>ou the branches of an unknown
creek I.Stow Creek) near Cohanscy, in the province ,
of We.~l New Jersey, in America, U> them and their ■
heirs forever; provided they go and settbt upon it.
If tliey do not in three years then to revert to Francis !
Gibbon, my executor, and his heir, I'orever." Leon- ;
ard and Nicholas both settled on the tract, and built ;
the mi!l on Newport Creek known as &>e!ey's mill, '
which remained in the possession of the family until
November, 18S0, when Isaac M. Smalley became its ,
owner. They made a division of the tract between ;
them, Oct. 2, U-'.O. Leonard took tlic upper part, on I
which he built a .-.tone hou--e on the north side of the '
mill-po:id in Stow Creek lown.Uiip. It is still stand- •
ing, and v.•a^ lale the residence of .\«a R. Horner, df- ■

ceased, and now of his son-in-law, Edward H.
parJ. of wiioin a sketch is given in ibis

Leonard dic>l June 10, 174-1, aged forty years, i,i. ■
was buried at Greenwich. Nicholas engased in i!-.
nieic.uitile business in the town of Greenwich, i,
partnership witli Samuel F. Hedge, a great-gran. |.
son of Fenwick. He built a brick house there, whj. !,
still stands. After the death of his partner, a!,,,;,;
j 17o3, Nicholas Gibbon married his widow, .V.:ii:
Hedge, and about 1740 removed to Salem, u|ion ;!„.
property left to his wife by her father, Aloxai..!,,
Grant. He held the ofiiees of sbcrilf of the couniv.
surrogate, collector of the port, and colonel of th,
militia, and died Feb. 2, 17-")S, aged lifiy-five ye.ir.
and three months.
; Dr. James Wass, a London physician, bouirlit ,,i
I Fenwick, while still in England. July 12, 1C7.5, livi-
I thousand acres of land, and in 101)4 it was locate.!
i and surveyed for him by John Worledge, a dcpnu
■ surveyor, and was resurveyed Oct. U'-IS, )7ii.3, by
Joshua Barkstead. This survey covered a laru'e poi-
tion of the upper part of Stow Creek township, an I
; that portion of Hopewell west of the Mason survey
and north of the fttrm lately belonging to the vUtU-
of Elisha Boiiliani, deceased, on the road leadin.r
from where the old Seventh - Day Baptist meding-
house at Shiloh stood, in a soutiierly direction to liu-
Bridgclon and Roadstown road, the sotuhcast corner
of that farm on the south side of the northw.-t
branch of the Cohanscy (Barrett's Run), being the
southeast corner of the survey. Two thousand two
hundred acres of this survey, covering the i)ro5cnt
site of the village of Shiloh, Wass coineyed, Nov.
21, 1711-5, to Robert Ayres, late of Rhode Island, gen-
tleman, one of the early Baptist settlers, the most cf
whose descendants adliered to iliat branch of llu
Baptist denomination which keeps the seventh <biy
of the week as the Sabbath. The titles to that por-
tion of the survey 'arc held under Ayres. Tlic re-
maining portion was disposed of in sm:ilh>r tracts.

John Brick bought of Samuel Deeming, of Mary-
land, one tliousand acres of land, which he bought <>(
Fenwick in 10711. It was laid oil' to him on the south
side of Gravelly Run (Stow Creek), covering the land
where is now the village of Jericho and the sur-
rounding country. He put up the dam and erected
the mills long known as Brick's mills, afterwards
John S. Wood's, and now the Jericho Mills.

On the cast of the Cohanscy the West New Jersey
Society, as the association of the Proprietors was
called, luid a ten thousand acre survey run cut by
John Worledge and John Budd, but the reUiri'
being lost, it w.ts resurveyed in October and Novem-
ber, 1716, and found to contain eleven thousand
acres. This was called the society's Pamphilia inict.
It began at a pine-tree " on the cast siile of Cohai.si'V
River, in the bottom of a liille Cove of Mar»lj,oii iIjo
South side of a Neck of Land made by the s.i:d
Mar-h, the River, and the Creek called Fuller's

Gi:.\i:i?AL HISTORY.

('n-ik, near two ifilcs below Colinii.-ey Hriilirt.'." :iihI
r.iii i':i>t tliirtcen liuiidred ami Toiir porches, then iinrlh
tliirtoon liiimlreJ :ii;<l eighty-four perches, and theu
«f.-t lifioon hurnlred ami thirty perches, to the C'o-
liaiisey, and then down the river to lln> beginning.
Thi< beginninfj-point is near where Tanipliilia Spring
]<, in the cove below l{ocai>'s Itun, as Fuller's Creek
i^i iiiiw called. The upper line erosi^es the Deerficld
uirnpike above Cornwall's Branch, and crosses the
CcMlrcville road near Carll's Corner. It included in
lis bounds the whole of the Second Ward of the city
of Hridgcton, all of the Fir~t Ward except the ex-
treme easteiii end, and a portion of Fairfield and
iJeerficKl townships.

nichard Hancock took up a portion of this tract
..n Mill Creek, the branch of the C'ohansey emptying
into the river near the Cohansey Glass Company's
property, now called Indian Fields lUin, and pnt up
a dam and built a saw-mill on the stream before
1G80.

Governor Daniel Coxe released to the West New
Jcr-ey Society, March -1, 1G'.'2. all the rights of gov-
ernment which he claimed, and the most of his rights
in the soil, but he retained a strong interest in the
prosperity of the province, of which he had just
ceased to be Ciov.'rnor

The early settlers of New Jersey were mastly re-
ligious persons, desiring to have the jireaching of the
word, but in many cases unable to obtain a minister.
Oovernor Coxe and Itev. Thomas Ihidge were ac-
'luaintances, keeping up a correspondence between
them, in which Dridge had e.\prcsse<l an iuclitiation
to remove from his theu residence in the Bermuda
Islands to West Jersey. Co.\c informed the memb.-rs
of tiie West Jersey Society of this. They wrote him
tho follr)wing letter, inviting him to West Jersey, and
iigrceing to provide for hiui as follows : '

"A \^ horn j' Wrst Jeiscy Suclolj- Id KnicKind la M' Ilrllges.

•' TosDox }•• i'J'^ J11I5 lilC'J.

"S- We, are liiforni(Ml !•> I)' Ccwr tlint yo« il«l .re yu'jclf.- imlynej
Ulgcilhrr trilb divcK utiier Iiiliabil.iut9 «f Ui': lirnnului lo rrriioTe nntu
A rt-f ide in Vest J*fn»cy. WVe are very gInU a Ptr-"*!! of yo" I'riiiciplei}
i pfcs^Iou •hoiiM cul*>rtB!iif «nch lh'<neliL< ffor h'A\\uz received ati
Ilono"''" Cf.oriiclcr of yun fruiii dlvune »eo ex|>ecl not oiiely Leni-flU
•lionld accrue unto the IiilMldtiinu 1>\ ycH Tiuiis Ill^trucli(Jns Accoin-
F>n!<"l with ail Kxemplnry lif.' Uiii aho by \u' rruUnlmll Council in
Merence lo Civill i Secular iifTairj wlien.in yo- liiive Win rrovidcn-
tlally neces^iti'tcd to Exercl»u yo»*e!fe And ma wee Iiuve teen u»<(ur<*d
v(;Ty fiicce^&rutly: S' if yu^ are couftrmed In yo' reiululion wee Bbul)
give yon all y Knro:iia~em» Counlenanre »V Authority wee Are calnilile
of. Many Persons In divfr<i? Part* of y Country liavufrciuenlly ov[ir<sl
llielrdi-direa of a Mini-l.-r i assure as lliey will Conlri'.nte tunarU hi«
'oDifortalde inibsidieiicc A- jay hitn alt tl.al duly reaped x deference M»
»orko dcaervea .\iid for l!wt ll' Cle littli Conveyed UDlu n> y- Gov-
eniiuent of the Counlr.x wilii creit psirt of hi.» l.iindj fTjryour Knrv,ur-
*««ni> u|>on yonr Arrival *i"- will give older lliiit yon may In wliJt
Situation you please lHl:e np Two TlxuMiid Acrea one Thousand to be
yo* uwno in ffee forever The oilier lo be annexed unto y oftlcc Jc de*ceod
"nio Mm oho i,hall Snccecd you Wli-never it uliall please God ly your
■li-ath or othrrwiie to caUiie a Tacanry. Wee are bicidea fititrlveiiic
•oDie olher Methodi whereby to render your jiLitlon more roniforlHbhi
Xonourahle \ Proltllalde aul doubt not but weo aliall Conclude to your

' X.J. Archive*, vol. ii. P.M.

ilixfaction an

J .111 th.*,- «

lloacco.

H«ny

■.m 'bill fci

.i f:

ur.ipeni' Prot

.::•<

n and a

^sistanct

fn.ln

Yonr afiectiu

natc

Ifricnd

» and Si

nMii;«

Tho: L,.i,rt

K.ln

: Ilarri.^on

K: Richer

Wichlnian

J.inies lUddi

.gtc.

Kol

Michell

John Jitrin.

Jain

■a S' John'

Coxe also wrote him a letter Aug. 5, 1G02, promising
to give him, in addition to the oticr of the society, a
considerable annual allowanee, to be paid in money
during Coxe's life, if Bridge =0 long continued in the
province. As a result of tlieseoiicrs Mr. Bridge came
to West .lorsey, and became ilio first pastor of the
Fairfield Presbyterian Church in this county. He
arrived some time previous to June 24, 10P"», on which
date lie and John Green, of Cohansey, lilacksmith,
obtained from George ITiitchinsnn, of Burlington, a
deed for nine hundred and twelve acres adjoining
Bellers' survey and the. south side of the Cohansey, —
six hundred ami eight for Bridge .iiid three hundred
and four for Green.

But it«as not until May 17. 1007, that Thojuas
Kevell in.ide a deed to Bridge for the one thousand
acres in fee, reciting that it was done in pursuance of
the letter above quoted. Revcll held four thoiis;ind
acres, which had been deeded to him by Jeremiuli
Basse, the agent of the Proprietors, in trust for thciri.
A survey was made on the same date of the one thou-
sand acres by Joshua Barkslead, on the cast side of
Cohansey River, " Beginning at a Pine tree standing
ou the North side of the Saw Mill creek, about half
way between the Saw Mill and the going over ^<' the
Run into the Indian Fields," then running north
three hundred and thirty -six perches, then cast five
hundred and twenty-five perches, then south three
hundred and thirty-six perches, and then wcslfnc
hundred and twenty-five perches to beginning, con-
taining one thousand and fifty acres. This beginning
comer was back of the Commerce Street Methodi.-t
Episcopal Church, along the run ; and the fence be-
tween the graveyard and the ])ar.-onagc of this church
as it stood several years ago, before it was moved about
eight or ten feet westward for the purpose of making
a drive-way into the graveyard, was in the west line
of the survey.

The bend iu the cast side of Laurel Street, south of
North Street, is also in this west line, and the north-
west corner was in the vicinity of the ghiss-works of
J. A. Clark & Co.; the ea.st line st^parates the farms
of Robert C. Nichols and Dr. J. B:nron PoUer, on the
north side of the Indian Fields road, east of Burling-
ton .Avenue. It wa.s a part of the society's Pamphilia
survey, and ha.s since been known a-s the Indian
Fields tract, the Indian.s having had a settlement on
the land covered by the survey, a portion of which
they had cleared. Bridge divided the tract by an
casl-and-wcst line through the middle of the tract,
and by m)rlli-aijd-soui!i lines twenty-five perclics
apsrt, ihui dividing tlie whole tract into twcnty-livi;
acre lo(.^, ;i:,.| soon snUi thein out to sr.'itlers. Bridge

r>OG

HISTOUY OF CUMDF.llLAND COUNTY.

had aii'Ulior ^urvoy iiia.le for liiin tin the >.iiiio il;ito
fOiit:\iiii:i^ two liunilrnl aii-i Iwoiity aon-, \v!ii>-!
bouiuU-l ou ihi- 0>^li:iii>oy, rnlKT"? Crvck. aii'l tlu-
'"liiie of tlio town-liip oi" r.uui>liili.i." Ni) -luii
lo\vri>liii> \v:i~ i-viT l'iir:i!Cil, but it i< I'ToImMo tlmt llii-
Pr^.pri^.•ll■>r^, ill having' the Paiiiphilia >iuvey laii! 'iil'.
contoir.platoil erci-tiii'^ il into a l>>« ii>!iip, tlioir l'i'V-
erniiiofital powers alliiwiiig tlicin so to do if tiicy
clio^tf.

The West Jersey Society liid not sell any i>or(iou ,
of tlieraniphilia survey, exeept the one tliou-aiulaeros ,
conveyed to I'.ridsje, until after tlie county was erected ,
and the people liad selected Cohaiisey Cridire as the .
county-seal. Why that portion of the tract lying ad-
joining tlic brid;:e over t!ie Cohanrey, on the opposite
side ofwiiich was the settKnicnt of Coliaiisey Brid^re. i
should liave remained un>oId so Ions it is diffieuli at
this day to understand. It may have been owing to
8 doulit coiicerninj the title, as .Teremiah Uasse, whn
owned large quantities of land in all parts of Soutliirn ■
,Xe\v Jersey, and who at one lime resided at Cohan-ey, .
seems to liavc had some claim upon two hundred
acres of the lr:\el, coniprising its most valuable por-
tion, ONtcnding from the Saw-Mill Creek (Indian '
Field-" Ppn^ to the rnrrh line of the livlinn Fieh's
survey, and from that survey westward as far a^ the
river. '

This claim probably originated through the four ,
tliou^and acre tract at Cohaiisey, which IJ;is.-e had
taken up for Clovernor Daniel Cose, and which, upon
Coxe's sale to the society, Ba-se lield for them.
Bridge"* one thousr.nd aeres being a pan of this tr:!ct.
At his dentil, in 17-'-5, ^a^^e left all liis property to his
two daughters and sou, Burelifield r.a«se. and the
latter dying without issue, it descended to lii.-- two
daii;:hters, Catherine Pierce and Ann Pidgeon, both
of whom joined in. conveying to William Pidgenii.
the son of .\nn, >rarcli I'l, 1702, and lie relca.-ed to
Alexander iloore. Oct. \i'>. 176.S, all his interest in the
two liundred acres.

Tlie fi.ving of the cou.Tty-seat at Cohansey Bridge
brought this land into demand, despite any doubt
concerning the title, and Oct. 7, l~'>'2, the West Jer-
sey Socii'iy, ill consideration of !;217, conveyed to
Alexander Moore nine liundre<l and niiicty acres of
land adjoining llie bridge. The beginning corner was
on the Coliansey, about half a mile above Fuller's
Creek lor IJocap's IJun,, and 'the line ran ni)rth of
east about two liundred and twenty-five perche-, tl'.en
general northerly cour.-es to the line of the Indian
Fields tract, then bounded thereon lo its upper lino,
then leveral courses norlheily lo the ujiper line of
tilt Pjinphilia >urvey, and along that line to tlie Co-
liansey. It coveis all the built-up portions of tiie
First and .Second Wards of the city of Biidge'.on,
wt.-t of tl;e Indian Fields line. The price paid, *Jl'47
ill New Jersey proclanialion money, >voiild bo ^fOo"-.';'! : ;
the value of a dollar b' in? fixc"! at 7'. i)'/., a poui d
Would bo worth .~'2.ijij.!.

Moore was of Iri~h descent, and his grand-.;,
Jad-.-e John Moore WliHo. llioU'.'ht he setticd a; I .
han-ey Hri !go about 17H0. where he kept a ?toro .-.'i-i
did a thriving busin.>-<. accumulating a large am. ••.••,•
of jir.iporty. He carried on his l>u>iiicss in a biii; ii.-i •
built of cedar logs, which stood on the north -M;e ..f
Comnn roe Street, botweCM tlie Davis lliinse hoiil .i:, ;
Coluui.-ey Street. It was removed about 17'.U or )''.'l,
after John .^Ioore While came of age. Moore ..!-..
built a large frame dwelling-house just west of Cr-
hatiscy Street. It was used for many years as a lavori;
after Moore's death, and was torn down to make vv;iy
for the brick stores now standing.

Moore, in 17o4, had a plan of a town on the r.,-r
side of the Cohansey, to be called Cumberland, hiM
oif and surveyed for him by Daniel Elmer, Jr., <nn
of Rev. Daniel Elmer, the pastor of the Fairrie'.-J
Presbyterian Chuicli. The streets were laid olf st
right angles with each other, and were all two rii-!<
widee.vcepting Market Street, which ran where Ciia-
mcrce Street now is, and which w:iii three rods \y,il< :
the squares were eighteen and a half perches ea..li
way. Jetl'ersoii Street as it now e-xists, tliirty-tlirte
leet wide, is the only one of the streets thai exists x^
>ro)re planned them, and that only for part of :•--
length ; Commerce and Warren Streets also oocui-y
I the positions he de-igncd for streets, but the fir.-t i<
wider and the second i? narrower and sliortcr th.in l-y
his plan. The wliole plan of the town only eover-.d
from about Orange Street to the river, and from J-;!'-
ferson Street to a short dist.-jice above WashingfrK
, Street, lie sold a few lots by this plan, but it w^.-
sooii abandoned, and the towu of CumherlaMd dis.ip-
pcured.

Moore, however, sold oil' lots mostly south of O-rii-
. merce Street, and before his death, Sept. .5. I'y': '^•^
had disposed of all that part of his survey lying -ou:h
of that street. In his will he devised the unsold fart
of the Bridgelon property to his three grand.-or:-.
• Alexander, William, and John Moore White. .Alex-
ander White becam? quite dissipated and in debt, .'.f-l
. his one-third interest was sold by SherilV Jo-eph Du'-k
in July, 17'.i0, and conveyed to his brotlier, J.d.n
Moore While, by dcc<l dated Feb. 20, 17CU, who ."'l-o
obtained the one-third interest of his brother Wil-
liam hy deed of March o, 1701. Both of these brother.^
died in 1704, witliout issue.

John Moore White, having come into pos-es-t-r.
of the wh'de of the Hridgeton property, soon dm-
nienced selling lot-. He b.ad the road to Deerne!':
altered, and laid on what is now Xorlh Laurel Street,
from Commerce to the bend just south of Xor'.li
Street, and in .Vugu-t, 1702, Pearl Street, froi.i Cr.''.-
merce t<» Irving, and Irving from I,ii;i.'. .-;r. .". t ■
Keen's Run, as the .-treaiii since known as the Hla-'-
was then called. lie ul...o had a plan made al'.ul
17'.iS by James Tnieland, who taught school in the c !•••
academy ou I'.ink Street, for laying out streets acr •-
the whide of his tract, but only a part of them ••vef-

GKNHKAL HISTORY.

so:

ever opcnevi. Tlie part of the town norlli ol' llie
maio street now grew rapidly, and >[(ioie soM nearly
all the lots on Main (now Commerce), From (now
Laurel), and tlie west ?ido of Middle (now Pearl)
Streets. About 1791 or 17'J2 lie buill a large dwell-
ing, now a part of the liote! on the northwest corner of
Commerce and Laurel Streets, and had 3 large gar-
den, whirh i> now the hotel yards. His stables occu-
pie<l the pre.-ent location of the livery-.<tables on !
Cohansey Street. He resided here until about ISOS, I
when lie removed to Woodbury, where lie died in
l.?62, at the age of nearly ninety-two years. May 1, i
ISIO, he conveyed all the unsold portions of his
tract, including his late r. -idence an<l the grounds i
adjoining, to .leremiah Ruck and William Potter, for j
seven thousand dollars, and in November of the I
same year they made a division, Potter t.iking the I
dwelling, which had been changed into a hotel, and
the adjoining lot, and P>uck obtaining all the residue. ,

Other ])ortions of the Pauiphilia eleven thousand i
acre survey were conveyed by the WvM Jersey So- !
riely to dill'ercnt persons in smaller lots. Robert '
Jl'iod, one of the early Connecticut settlers, bought '
a si.x hundred and fifty acre tract at the east end of i
Bridge's Indian Fields tract. John Dare was deeded j
two hundred and five acres north of Ilood, Slarcli 1, I
175"). William Dare obtained three hundred and
eighty-niue acres, east of Ilnod, on the same date, and '
about the same time a tract of several hnudred acres i
south of th*^ Indian Fields tract, adjoining a large |
tract granted to Col. Ephraim Seelcy. .Miner Smith's j
oue hundred and fifty acres, James White's one hun-
dred and ninety-two acres, Nathan Dateman's one
hundred and forty-one and one-half acres, .John •
.Smith's one hundred acres, Daniel Loder's one hun- '
ilred acres, Thomas Joslin's one hundred and thirty- '
seven and one-half acres, Peter Bateman, Jr.'s two
liundicd acres, John Robertson's two hundred and
torty-ninc acres were all situated to the eastward of
the Indian Fields tract. Edward Lunimis' sixty i
acres, John Coney's two hundred acres, Matthew '
Parvin's one hundred and seventy-nine acres, and !
hIso a second tract of about the same si/.e all lay '
south of that tract and of Alexander Moore's nine
hundred and ninety acre tract. John Dare's two ■
hundred and eighty-eight acre tract of cedar swamp
and land adjoining was located on Lebanon Branch,
iwunrling on the cast line of the Pamphilia survey.
All of these tracts were sold by the society between
•7.j2 and 17-">5. May 14, 1755, all the unsold residue
'>> iho Pamphilia survey was conveyed by the society
''' Alexander Moore and Daniel ICInier, Jr. The
•atter, by his will, dated April 0, ]7<)1, left his undi-
vided one-half to his son Timothy, and he conveyed
'■' lo his brother. Dr. Jonathan Elmer, Nov. ), 1770.
'•y these persons and their representatives the rcmain-
"';; portions of tiie Pamphilia tract were sold.

North of the Pamphilia tract, and boundingtherenn, •
""_• .society had a large survey made by Worlcdge and

Budd, which extended from the Cohansey to Maurice
River, and contained about twelve thousand acres,
covering nearly all of Deerfield township above the
Pam|)hilia line, and part of Piltsgrove township,
Salem Co. This w.os called the society's middle
tract. They conveyed one thousand acres of this.
May 2t), 1740, at the southwest corner of the tract,
joining on the Cohansey River and the Pamphilia
tract, and extending northward lo Cedar Run, after-
wards Russell's Branch, and now I^oper's Run, to
John Jones, who was an attorney-at-law, and resided
at Salem. At"ter his death a judgment for debt was
recovered against his .administrator, and the tract was
sold by Nicholas Gibbon, slurifi' of Salem County,
March 29, 174S, lor the sum of seventy-eight pounds
proclamation n)oney, and was bought by .\lexander
Moore. Other portions of the middle tract were sold
ofT in smaller tracts to persons who cleared the land
and settled upon it.

Fairfield township, west of Back Creek, comprising
Back Neck and Shrewsbury, or l'i)per Back Neck,
was mostly taken up by grantees under Fenwick's
title, anil the surveys were made by his surveyors, and
recorded in the .Salem records. All of these ancient
reci>rd>i have since been removed to Trenton, and are
to be found in the office of the Secretary of State.
The surveys hero were made mostly for actual set-
tlers, and in small tracts compared with tl-.ose made
for the general projjrietors. ,\niong them were
Thomas Smith's three hundred acres of marsh,
known as the Smith's Lsland tract; Richard Lippin-
cotl's one thousand acres, east of Smith's Island;
Joseph llclnicsley's one thousand acres in Lower
Back Neck, John Ircson's five hundred acres, Wil-
liam Worth's five hundred acres, now the Laning's
wharf property, and William Johnson's two hundred
and fifty acres.

J<ihn Bellers, a London merchant, liad two surveys
made for him in ItJSO. The largest, one, containing
three thousand seven hundred acres, extended from
-Mill Creek, in the vicinity of Fairton, to Back Creek,
the Cohansey being the northern boundary, and took
in all the land in the neighborhood of New England
Town cross-roads. The other, containing fifteen hun-
dred acres, lay on both sides of Cedar Creek, above
Ccdarville. These tracts were taken up for him liy
Thomas Budd, by virtue of a power of attorney,
which also authorized him lo survey nine hun-
dred acres of the land, and he ronveycd. May 2.
1G97, four hundred acres to four of the settlers
from Conneclicut, to be located by iheni in any
part of the survey they chose. These settlers, who
came from Fairfield, Conn., a short time previous to
this, located on the Bellers survey, about New Eng-
land Town, under leases fr.jm Budd for nine hundred
and ninety-nine ye:irs, subject to the payment of
yearly quit-rents of one half-penny per acre, if the
s.Tmc shoiild be demanded. Budd also entered into
bonds h) make them a complete title, or to pay then;

5ns

lllSTOKV OF CUMllKKl.ANl.) COUNiT.

for their iinj'ri^vcinents. rn.-llt'rs i!icJ :\!<')Ut 17:^4,
williiiul li.iviii:r c.):n;'i. :oil iho title t<» llio -ivtlurs,
hut by lii> will he rKvi^eJ it in tr;i-lri.> in tru~; inr
Ills son, an.] it" hv- .-h^niM iiie witli'iiit heirs, tlmi to
liis two daiurhters. In the iiieuii time the Iniiil. li<i!i;.r
very tavor;tl>ly ^ituatoJ, liail hi-eii nii>stly taken u])
.iiid iniprovemeiitr- nia.lo iherv-oii, aii'l tlie inai.ilily to
secure a porleut tit-o wa-? a ^rtat de:riiiient t.> tlie
settlers.

In 174'>, llev. Daniel Elmer, the pastor of the
Fairfield Pronbyterian Cliinxh, obtained a convey-
ance for four hundred acres from Knhraini ileeley,
the grandson an<l heir-at-law of Joseph Seeley. who
was the la^t si;rrivor of the four persons to wh'ini
Budd had conveyed fuur liundred acres in 1G?7, but
whicli they had not liH\ited. lie located it so as to
cover tlieir mettin.:T-house. w liich then stood near the
Cohansey, where the old graveyard still remains, and
also the ad.jolniii;! farm ooeupieJ by himsclt'. At-
tempts were ma<le by the settlers to obtain the title,
but without success.

The nominal quit-rents were never paid, and the
lands having been conveyed from time to time, osten-
sibly in fee-simple, to persons. ni:'ny of whom had no
Vnowled'.'eof the oriL'inal title, the occupants oiaimed
to. bolt! them free from any claim under the (!ellers
title. Benjamin Ciiew, an eminent lawyer of Piiila-
delp'iia, and his son, Benjamin. Jr.. were apjioiuieJ
agents of the heirs in 170-5, and were aiilh'.'rized to
settle with the occupants ai\d convey to theai ; but
clainiinjr a^ their own, they refused to purchase, and
resisted all attempts to survey or take possorsion of
their lands. The Chews commenced suits in the su-
preme Court of this S!ate, and obt.iinod a verdict in
cue of the cases which was tried. Most of the occu-
pant* tlien agreed to submit the matters in di-pute to
arbitrators, which was done, and in September, l^O'i.
tliey awarded to the Boilers heirs two ijollars and
fifty cents per acre, aad seventy-five cents per acre
for costs, upon the payment of which deeds were
made to the occupants, tiually extiujuishiuL' the Bel-
Jers claim against sudi as paid after one hundred
and twenty years had passeil i'roni the vcstins of Bel-
iefs' title. The title to those poiiioiis un-^old or not
settled for was conveyed by the heirs of Beilers, and
of the trustees appointed by him to the Clicws. and
in ISIO, Ik-iijauiin Cliew, Jr. (his fntiier havin^r died
a few months before' deedcil the ^ame to -James D.
Wcslcott, of Fairfield.

South of the Belkrs survey, .To-ieph Relhy, a brewer
in London, obtained a survey for ^even thousand five
liunilred acres, which extended fri'in Dela.vare B.iy
in the lower part of B.ick Neck, across B.ick Creek,
and took in -Sayn 's N.-ck and t.'edirville, one of the
corners of the survey being a tree on the si}u:h side
of Cedar Creek, wherf now is tiie mill-pond at Cedar-
vilie. Uc conveyed it to Samuel B.irns, Au;;. 7, 17:3'J,
whf. -old o'T i.;;rts of it to .-^ettlcr-, :.nd i;l;<r his death
the remaind.,-r of it was disp'jscd ol' liv his heirs.

Tiie land on the
Xe-vpi.rt is .-itu.'.ti
r.yeriy to ni.ka.-.
ir:;.-; was .^^.Id for f.

^^Hl[h >id.'"f .Viuux;; Tr-.'ok. wli,
d, was e-.Mveyed by C^'I. TI,,m:,
n .-^lici'i-ard. <.)i-t. :>', i::i. T:
iirteeii lui::.lred acre<. b'.i: I'V .i r

si;r\ey made for Shoppard it conlaine'i tifteori Imn-
dro'l and ninety acres, lie S"M olV portior.s of it, ar;-i
in 17-11 deeded ti> his son, I>ickason. Jr.. tiiree hi'::-
die.l and twenty acres, and to his son Joiiadab tiin-,-
hur.dred and I'orty-ei^ht acres of it, upon which t!:i v
-ettled, and at their deaths they each devi.-oil lli- ir
parts to their children. Dickason Sheppard. f^r., ai-i
had a tract of sixteen hundred and lifty acres of lan.i
and salt marsh, lying ou the shore of Delaware r..iy,
below Autuxit Creek, which he bouirht of Thon;.-
B'jlton and John llU'ld in 17-3, and whicii he divi.lL-.!
among his children. ;

In the months of .A.pril, May, and June, l'j;'l,
Th'wnas lUidd and John Worlcdgc came down the bay -
iu a vessel, and ran out a number of surveys in th.
lower part of this county and in Cape May.' In ih-
lower partof Downe and Commercial tiovii-liips tii y
set olf ten thousand acres for Dr. James Wass, of Lou- '
d<r\, which covered the land between Maurice Uiver .
and Dividing Creek, tlic west line of the tra-.-t runuin.'
acro?s the latter stream from north to south. It was
called the Voekwuck tract, a small run which cros-es .
the road from Dividing Creek to i'ort N'orris liavinL^ ■
the same name. j

On the east side i.f ^[a^rice lliver they laid out ■^ j
twenty thousanil acre survey for i;()bert ir^iuibhs. .Sr., ;
and liobcrt .■^.juibbs, Jr., of Westminster, Middlesi-x i
Co., Kngland. Pei:n, Laurie, and Lucas, trusleos f .r ;
I'yllinge, who also joined in the deed, had conveyed •
to Robert Squibbs, Sr. and Jr., March 2, l(;7t;, in i
consideration of three hundred and fifty p'Ui!i-N. /
which Byllinge owed theui, one proprietary share ot
West Jersey, and I'obert Squibbs, Sr., quit-chiiniL 1
all his intere-t t') Hobert, Jr., in ICS^i, who had al-"
become posse.-scd of another ]Moprietary share in
December, 10?1, Ijy deed from Laurie, Lucas, and •
Byllinge, to whom Peun had conveyed his interest in
April of tl'.at year. By virtue of these two shares .'
?r.iuibbs had this survey run out. It began on tli^'
east side of Maurice PJver, nearly oiinosite Port
Xorri.s, and ran e.tstward into Cape May Coui/.y-
nearly one-third of the survey beiiii: in that county,
the lower corner w.".s on the bay shore, below Gosl.^^;-
Creck. All of the Ileislerville and Ewing's Ne-.k
neisKborhoods were covered by it. j^.|uibbs died in ■
li'.m, and by his will directed his executors to sell h:- -.
estate for the payment of his debts, and they con-
veyed it to Thomas Byerly, of London, Jan. 2o, 17o-'. .
In 1717 he rele.i-ed to the society a tract of iVar
thousand seven hundreii and tweiity-.-ix acres of t'u
lower end in Cape May County, he having had t.;r .
rjuanti'.y allowed to his share by the four dividcnO-
which had been declared by the siiciety without i:

, Eiirlv Hi

.,f Cai.01-iy.

GEXKRAL HISTORY.

509

In \72'i, Bycrly, who tlicii resicled in Xcw York, sold
;.i Amlrcw Errickson, nuirinor, cloven liunrirtil and
•iav-five acres in Maurice Kiver Neck, which he hail
|.rcvi')Msly rented for several years. Xo other portion
.)f the traor e.xccpt Siip~on"s Island, in Cape May
I'liiiiity, were sold by him. lie died in 172>, and liis
1 xeculors, by direction of his will, disjjrjsed of the
iii.Kt of his estate, but did not sell this tract. In
17i;:) his niece, Elizabeth ISyerly, the surviving de-
\i-ie under his will, conveyed it to Israel Peniberton,
. f I'hiladelpliia, and his heirs in 1S04 deeded it to
William Ciritiith, who sold several parts of it, and in
l>'ij conveyed to Thomas II. Hughes, who the next
vc.ir Conveyed to .John K. Coates and Ijeiijaiiiin B.
Cooper all that portion in Cumberland County e.\-
ceptinj; the previous irrants.

Worledge and Budd also ran out at the same time
.". town plot of norehcster, containing two thousand
live hundred acres, which extended from the north
line of Sijuibbs' survey up the river above the pres-
ent village of Dorchester, and extended back from
the river so as to include all of the present belt of
improved land. No town was built on this tract until
ihirini.' the present century.

Farther up the river the same .turveyors laid otf a
^llrveyof ten thousatid acres for .lohn Bartleti, which
cDvored the prescist site of Port Elizabeth and tlic
l;tnd along Man.-uuuskin Creek. I'.arthtt conveyed
ii to John Scott, by whom it was sold out in smaller
trac-t3. About 17:;0 he sold to John Purple that por-
tion of it where Port Elizabeth now stands. l'uri)le
was one of the car'y settlers and lending citizens of
that part of the county, and was one of the chosen
Ireeholdcrs from that township when the county was
formed in )7-J'n. ile conveyed to John Bell, and he
to Mrs. I>lizabeth Clark (aftcrw.-ird-i Bodely) in 1771.
."^lie laid out a town plot about 1785, which was
named Port Elizabeth in honor of her.

The lands embraced in the limits of the city of
Millville, Landis township, and the eastern parts of
llie town>hips of Fairfield, Downe, and Deertield,
were located in two surveys to Kicliard I'enu and
Thomas Penn, by virtue of proprietary rl;.;lits whieh
tliey obtained by the wills of their father, William
I'enn, and of their brother, John Penn. One of their
-urvcys, containing nine thousand five hundred and
fjrty-three acres, was qq the west of Maurice P.iver,
i'lid extended I'rom the head-waters of .Vutuxit and
C<-dar Creeks and theTown Branch (or Mill Creek at
Fairton) to the Maurice liiver at Millville, and from
the head of Auluxit nortlnv.ird to the south line of
ilie society's middle trad, joining on the east line of
tlie Pamphilla tract. The other .survey, on the east
of the river, contained nineteen Ihousand nine hun-
dred and sixty-two acres, exclusive of smaller sur-
V'-ys previously made, and covered nearly all the
' md included in the limits of the city of Millville
'which embrace a large scope of woodland outside
H'e built-up portions of the city) and of the town-

ship of Landis. Richard Penn (the elder), by his will
made in 17(j.S, left his Ihrec-lburths of these two sur-
veys to his son, Richard Penn (the younger), to whom
Thomas Penn, who owned one-fourth, conveyed his
sliare in 1771.

In 177(), Richard Penn, by his attorney. Tench
Francis, conveyed nine thousand four hundred and
sixty-one and a half acres, part of the nineteen thou-
sand nine hundred and sixty-two acre .survey, to-
gether with a number of other tracts in this county,
and five thousand seven hundred and ninety-six acres
on the west side of Maurice River, in .Salem County,
mostly lying adjoining one another, and containing
in all over twenty thou-aud acre?, to Joscjdi Burr,
James Verree, John Bispham, and John West, who
also bought a number of other tracts iVom other per-
sons, making them owners of about tweniyfour thou-
sand acres in all.

.John West's share was transferred to Joseph Smith
in a few mouths, and thes.' men formed themselves
into a company, called the Union Company, and their
estate was long known as the Union Mills Tract.
Their object in this was without doubt to work olV the
tindjer which covered almo.st the entire, country, val-
uable tracts of cedar swamp lying along the river and
its branches, be.-ides the oak and |)ine on ihe liiglier
lands. They made no altemiit to improve or settle
the land. In 17i'-j the Union property Vi-as sold by
Joseph Smith, Henry Driid:er, George Bownc, ant!
the other niembcra of the coi.ipany to Robert Smith,
Joseph Buck, and Eli Elmer; Ezckicl Foster also
had a one-eighth interest in it. Millvili;. was laid
out and named hy Buck, who soon ren:ovcd there
from IJridgetfui, and lots were sold ort'to selders. All
the residue of the two surveys o( the Penns was con-
veyed by Benjamin Chew, Richard I'ecin, Jr.'sallor-
lu'v, to John Moore White, Jaiiu-i Giles, and Jcrc-
, mi.ih Buck, all of Bridgeton, who sold olf parcels to
a large number of persons. The nio.^t of it lying 've.-t
of the river is stiil woodland.

ITiat portion of the Penn nineteen thousand nine
hundred and sixty-two acre survey outside of the
built-up portions of the city of .Millville was held
inoslly in large tracts of from live hundred to four
thousand fiyt^ hundred acres, and passed through the
hands of variou? purchasers, who only cut the wood
and timber upon it from time to time until about 1?U;.
Between that date aud ISIG, David C. Wood and Ivl-
. ward Siiiilli, of Philadelphia, gradually bought up
I the most of these dittercnt tracts, including the Unior
Mill Company's property, and brought down the v.atcr
1 to Millville and erected a blastfurnace. Smith con-
veyed his oiie-half jiart of the whole property to .To-
scph Jones, March 25, lS16,and he to Jesse B. Qui.'d)y
two days later, who sold it to Wood, the owner oi lli..-
other 1)::11', )"eb. 22, 1S17. ilc bought Up nearly the
entire remaining portions of the Penn survey, and
I became the owner of about twenty thonsimd a.'.TCS,
' covering ncarlv all of the cu.intv east of .Mar.rice

510

HISTOKY OF CU.MBKRLAND rOUNTY.

River and north of Millvillc, ami portions of Salem
and Gloiicrstcr Counties adjoining. IJecoming em-
barrassed in business, his property \v;is sold, partly
by a master in clianeery on foreelosure proceedings, '
and partly by tlie slierifl' on judirnicnts :i<;ainst him,
and was bouglit by his brother, Itiehard D. Wood, of
Philadeipliia. That portion of it ontside of tlie '
built-up portions of the city of !MiIlvillo remained in ;
woodbind until Charles K. Landi> ]mrcliascd it and ■
established the setilement of Vineland, in the fall of
18G]. It is now in large part cleared and cultivated, '■
and contains a lar^je population of thrifty and enter-
prising iniiabitants.

The progress of the early settlement of any country '
is intimately associated with the titles to the land, .
since the cultivation of the soil is the first empbiy- '
inent in a new country. Good titles to good lauds, ■
easily acquired, attract settlers. A knowledge of the '
title* to land, from whom derived and when aciiuired,
is neces'^ary before the student of history can thor-
oughly understand the motives and aims of settlers '
and the progress of their settlements. The titles to ■
land in Cireenwidi being acquired from Fcnwick, and '.
being conveyed to Friends, stamped that community
with a characteristic which has never been lost.
Koberl Aycrs' two thousand two hundred acres pur-
chase, in 1705, gave to the county the conimuuity of
Sabbatarians at Sliiloh anil vicinity ; and could a
clear title have been earlier oblaiiifd for the Hellers I
survey, the county-se.at would probably have been at I
the town which Daniel Elmer tried to establish on ■
the banks of the Cohan?ey, below Fairton, in the j
midst of the enterprising Xcw England 'J'own settlers, i

CHAPTER LXXrX.

E.^Ki.Y .=i:tti,i;k.«.

W'iro were the first white settlers in the limits of
Cumberland County is not known. It has been said
that :<ome of the Swedes, who ma'Ie a settlement far-
ther up the Delaware in IC^S, f-stahli^licd themselves
on the shores of Maurice River previous to any other
white settlers in the county, but noeviilencc has been
found to sustain this opinion, although it is ])robabie
tliat such was the case. In a book called " Historical
and Generdogica! .Vccount of the Province and Coun-
try of Pennsylvania and of West New Jersey," pub-
lished in London, in )6nS, by Gabriel Thomas, a
Friend, who a short time before had returned from
tliis country, lie speaks of I'riucc Maurice liiver,
" where the Swedes used to kill the gee.se in great
numbers for thoir leathers imly, leaving their car-
cassis behind them." Ifow long a lime before the
dateiifhi.^ book he meant is not sfUi.M,but it implies
thai there wtiTv some Swedish .sertlcr.s there i>revious
to his publication. Whether the fir-t settlers or not,

the descendants of many of the Swedes are nuiti- ir;
mcrous to this day.

Tliere is no evidence to show that any of the Xcw
Haven settlers, who came into the Delaware aiil
settled on Salem Creek about 1G41, and who wcro
dispersed by the Dutcii, under orders from Governor
Kieft, of New York, were perniitied to remain in anv
part of the country, although there are statements to
such effect. The jealousy of the Dutch conceniiri:;
the trade of the South or Delaware River was <,>
great that they refused to permit them to remain.
and all the data now acce.ssi!)le leads to the conclu-
sion that they were entirely driveii out.

There is no certain evidence now known that mhv
white settlers had located in the limits of what is n i,\
Cumberland County ])rovious to the settlement of
Salem by Fcnwick in the fall of U)75. He proceeds!
nt once to extinguish the Indian title to the land, ani
by the ne.vt spring he had bought all the rights of ihr
Indians from Olduian's Creek to ifaurice River. Tin-
first business was the setting oil' to the purchasers ol'
the lands which they had bought of Feuwiuk. To
accomplish this, an agreement, dated Fourth month
(June) 20, 1676, signed by part of the settlers, setting
forth the manner in which it should be done. Among
other things, it provided

"tti.a ivir.v iri;ii.li^i'vr Ilmt is r^Mcm ,lij,M forlliwi" li.iv.' Ii!» frac! .,.'
laii.I w-t out, 111.) i.no-liulfe In tlio lifllc of Cnlii.r,«icl;, tli.' ntlier bMf.- 1.,
the lllj'llo of Allnwa.ves, or ns the said chicfu jiropriolyr ..*1irII orJor Um
sauie here or elacwhero. . . . That there ^luill ho n neck or piece ot Lii..l
BPtt out for a town ait f'bohanzlrho, and dlvlilcd into twon p"*, the or.c
fo' the chlrfc prtiprlftor, the olTier to 1 <■ fvU out into to« nu lotls for tli.'
purchMen*. w^*" lotts are to be rpckonoU ns part of their piiri'Iiio-en; ibn
cblefc proprietor if to suitle, gnitis, ii|»oii the tovvne, p coriirr of niar<h,
and to fPiijwae of bin part for the liicounifrlnt; of trayd, &c. That the
lot:^ shall be fllxloen acres npli-ce, and that every ptircbasur shall take
their lolt in the towne an they come to t^ike them up anil pbiiit Ib'^m.'"

Those who had themselves come to settle win-
given the first choice of town lots, and their tracts of
land wcro first surveyed for them, and after tliat the
choice was to be according to the order in which
future .settlers should conic.

This is the first mention of the name Cuhaiirey,
and tradition says that it was the name of an Indian
ciiief who resided in this region. The correct sjicU-
iiig of the Indian name is supposed to be Cohanzick.
The whole region drained by that river was called
Coliansey lor many years, but the town above |.ro-
vided for soon took the name of Greenwich. IC.\cvMt
as the name of the river, this Indian cognomen '-
now known only as the name of a small cross-road-
I'ost-oflice, established in iS70, near the head-water>
of the river and close to tlie Salem County line, and
as the name of one or two beneficial sor-ielics. It is
much to be regretted that this beautiful Indian naiui-
was not retained for Greenwicli, or that when the old
name of Cohansey I'ridge for t'le county-seat wa-
changed, the last of the two words was not. dropped
instead of the first.

'J'lie Indian name of the river, according to sonic
authorities, was Canahookink, but on the earliest

GIJXKUAL HISTORY.

511

iiiiip of tlie Delaware and its sliores, made liy the
■ minoiit t^wfilish cnirincor, IVter Lindstrom, in,l(354
aiiii l(!J->, tlie ludi.iii name of tl:e C'ldiaii-ifv is iriveii
a^ Sejialmckiiig. I'eiiwiLk. iu liis will, dirccloJ that,
it .ihoiild thereafter be called Ca-saria Kiver, but that
name never came into general use.

Fenwick designed peopling hU whole tenth, and
therefore planned the laying out of a town at Cohan-
.-ey, and the setting oft' of lands to the settlers there
anil at Alloways as before uientioiied. But Salem,
being the seat of the chief Proprietor and of the
principal .settlers, naturally attracted the most of the
succeeding arrivals, while the diliicuhies and doubts
concerning the title which Fenwick possessed, grow-
ing out of the Fdridge and Warner mortgage, deterred
many from settling in his colony.

The laying out of the town at Coh.-inspy seems to
Lave been delayed until after Fcnwick's dei'.th, but
some of the first purchasirs took up their lands in
this county. James Wa-s-s'.s five thousand acres,
Joshua Harkstcad's five thousand acres in right of his
brother John, Edward Duke's six thousand acres,
Josei)h Uelmslcy's one thousand acres, John .Smith's
one thousand acres, and other tracts, all of which
were sold In- Fenwick before leaving England, were
located in the region of the Cohanscy. The land on
the ea^t of Cohansey, between that river and liack
Creek, early attracted the notice of the new-comers,
and was covered with small surveys.

As early as June (j, 1G7S, le.vs than three years from
the arrival of Fenwick, William Worth, one of hi.s
grantees, had a survey made for him by Uicliard Han-
cock, Feawick's deputy surveyor, of five hundred
acres of land, which included the present Laning's
wharf property ojipositc Greenwich. He sold one-
half of the tract in 16S8, and the remainder at a later
date. He is the first person known to have settled ,
ea.stof the Cohansey, but was soon followed by others. '

Fenwick, on his arrival, had instituted a govern-
ment for his colony inde|>eMdenl of the other pro- \
prietors of West Jersey, claiming that by the term.s !
nf his grants he was empowered so to do. Tenacious '
of his authority and rights, as he viewed them, he '
steadfastly refused to yield one iota of his govern- '
nienlal privileges, until the progress of events and
ilie adherence of the leading settlers of bis colony to
llie government established at Rurlingtou marlo ii no
longer pos.sibIe to resist. The West Jersey Assen)bly
appointed officers and enacted laws for .'^aleni at its
first meeting in November, lOSl, and .lid the same
the ne.\t year. A l;irgc number of the .Saiem iettlrrs
liad signed the Concessions and Agreements for the
poveriiment of the whole of West Jersey, and their
^icknowkdgment of the authority of the Assemblv
■iiadc it evident to Fenwick that a .separate govern-
ment wa, inipos,ible. At the session held May 2-1.5,
'''•>3, he himself became one of the m.-i.ib(.rs, and it
«!is unanimously agreed that the Concessions and
-V'rccmenUs agreed on March 3. ItJT^-, were bind-

ing throughout the whole province; but Fenwick.
with the tenaciousues.s characteristic of the man, as-
serted that his tenth was not subject to those agree-
ments r.t that time, " but now freely coiiscntelh there-
unto." A short time jncceding this (March -Jo,
ItiS;) he had conveyed to William I'enii all his
remaining right.s in the land and goverr.ment of
West Jersey, excepting thereout one hundred and
fifty thousand acres of land, and reserving the right
to keoji courts lect and courts baronial within the said
trai-t under the govern meiitof.renn. Thus was ended
the dispute concerning the rights of government, and
the conijilete merging of Fcnwick's colony in that of
West Jersey was accomplished. His rosirvalion of
the right to keep the old minor courts which jiertained
to the lord of the manor was further set out in his
will, dated Aug. 7, 10S3, wherein he ordered two
manors to be erected near Salem, and also one at
Cohansey, as follows:

" Hem, I Rivs anil Dcuncalli unto hiy lUtte grnuilcliildron A lloirs
ITi-mick .Vclnni.^ Sam" l?p.li:o llio ynunijer .V Jolin Ch.impiipss fur llieir
LlTM nii'l tj Iii.'ir Iicim male Ixiu fully brgutten forever him) Soo Siickrcs-
bivclj 1.3 Afurcil ill llml Tract .,f l,.unl Lying uiwn tlu- liivor Ho.<it<irure
oillisl Cohnu/.i-y Wliicli 1 nill Have Ilereartcr calloJ Cuesariu liivor i
wliUii la kriuwii Hy Ilic Kuuis of tho town Neck ntt.l my Will is that it
tci- allicf Witli )• Lan.l on tlip other SiiK- Which is callod Sliro>bury
N>ok (upior Back Koik] and other the Lamis thereunto ISelongiug
Whl..h l> ruiilaincl In my Inlian I'urclia? nn.l so uji tho l<ay to tho
Moiilli ..f .Monmouth Kivcr [.Ulowaya CrrokJ and np 5l..nni..ulh liivir
To 111- llfa.1 or (lurthest Branih thtrrof .1 son Iu a sImIkIU Line to y-
h. ail of Ca<'^ari^ nitt-r all » liiih 1 will to 1 1- called the Mnniior of Cne-
sarln and that there Sh..:i b- .i City Eroded and niarshci Jt Ijiud nl-
li*cd UK my K.\i'cnlor.< Shall ■"!■ convonlcnl at Krccling thereof wliich
1 ImiKiwer them to Hoe .\n.l to Nome the same, tfurlher my Will is
Ihit lint i.f >' HmIiIui- of }•■ Mnd A .Marches shall he l)ivid»d niually
amont;.! uiy .s«|d Heirs A tli.il ffcnwicks IMvident Shall Jnyne to )■■■
T.ivn .1 llHconifreek<[)iro'- ihly I'lne Sluunlaiu Kunj— Where my Will
Li Uiear Shall be A House Krictcd 4 called ye Mannor II juse fol Keeii-
in,; of Cunrta & that >'• otlter two Diviilent; Shall .<nioiiiil unio one
ThoUMnil .\crua at Leadt."

This projected manor included in its bounds ilie
townships of Greenwich, Stow Creek, and Hopewell,
in this county, and nearly the whole o( Lower Allo-
ways Creek, Quinton, and Upper Allow ays Creek town-
ships, in Salem County, but no attempt was ever made
to.carry out the directions of the will. The genius of
the governmciit established by Fenwick hiin.seir, as
well as that by the other settlers, was entirely opposed
to those old feudal customs and rights wherein the
lord of the manor held rights and privileges not
derived from the people.

By his will I'Vnwick also directed his executors to
proceed with the laying out of the town of Cohansey,
by tii^t selling off the lots that he was to have, and
then giving every freeholder a lot, upon condition
they build upon it as bis executors should think fit,
and also provided "further I Give & my niindo is
That Martha Smith my Xtian friend to have A Tenn
Acre Lott in the Town of New Salem and Two J^otts
of Jyiind at Chohansey at the Town intended on y'
riiver Cx'saria eipia! with the Rest When Seltiel us
before is ajiiioinled."

In piirsiianci; of his plan- ;iiid d'rc.tiuns, his ex-

512

lIlSTOltV (>r CUMr.KlILAXD COUXJT.

ctiiti>rs. William IViin, Jolm Smilli, i>l" SiiiilliluM,
t^:i:iiiio! llcii.::e. hi- .-oii-iu-'avv. ami Uic'.uir.l Timl.iU,
hi* siirvoyor-.i.'i-iioial, laid out lliv town at Grcoinvich.
TliO main stri-ot wa.- iiiaiio one humlro.l iVo: wide, ii;
acc.-nlanco with tho t'o^.0C:^^io^l:i aiui Agreements,
whiih proviileJ for strooti; in cities, l(.nvn.<, and vil-
lasre-- to bo uot Ic.-s tiiaii one hundred !eot in widtii.
Sixteen-acro lots were run out on each siile i>!' tiic
main rtreet, two of which, as ordered by Fenwick's
will, were set oil" to Martha Smith. She was tl;e wife
of John Smitli, of Amh'.cbury. Thoy, witli four
children, came with Fenwick in the "•Grinin."' One
of those lots Joiin Smith and wife Martha sold to
Alexander Smith, May -I. lCS-5. Desides tho^e, Fen-
wick'.s executors sold sixteeu-acre lots to the follow-

.4lcs.in.liT Siultli, y..ir.-l. I", ICS
Mnrk l!«w, Auj. !', !• St'..
Tlioli.;n Walj.)D, A\l£. II, 1C*>.
Jol.n ll.irk, •' •■ "

Jolm M:LfOQ.Sr|

Tliom-iaSaiit'.!, "

, l.'SS.

J.>'»rli BroiTiif .luJ l.ifir, lib wife, Feb. IC, liiJJ.
S.ini"-I r.iK-ii, S^H. i-J. I'.Oe.
JvrviDi;>.li ]:.ic>/ii, Jaue 1, \:M'.

l>;%ranl Hiirll iirl, AjTil I.-., l.Ou.

JoJci.h PeuDij.Ort. l-i, IT'O.

tnorb Moore, J:in. 10, 17 •<..

CbaJl.tli U.^lu
Fran.cb Alel5

«, Jan. 10, ITD'.
" " 17>«.
i.L-r, March •. \-c\.

iuGucnwkli.lal"

Mi!l
>Iju

0>'>i>!:.>h Uuliur.,Jau«U, If.'.'S. iwc
CrotU, «iijuinihj 111'' |.n »li..re lie thi-
of nine ftod thir('*cD acr^'^.

Sixteen-acro lots at Greenwicli were also set off to
others by warrai;ls directed to Kich.ird Ti:idall, sur-
veyor-general, and his deriuty, Joliii Worledge, as
follows:

Jaii.n Cl'irk, 3'! tiioi.tli, 6IU, I'lSO.

Hicliar.l I>..ii,;er, 4lli lu .i.tl., M'^j.

J.'Ul; Xicl. ■!■, •••li in .:ilh, I-.tl. \>":

C-iJlif l-r .11 !, .•.Ill i:i.)i,:li, J'l, 1«iS.

Jojii'ii. B:irV-'l-a I, 5:b lu-jnih, 2.1, 1-'-S (•.• loU).

Rc';;er Cariry. l-'th luonili, Uili, liiij.

JoUu Mar:!., i tli ui"l.l!i, lilli, lOrT.

John Kcichtini, :;■! iii.,ii:h, IV.ti, l.-._'l.

Of these purclin^ors, Mark Reeve, Thomas 5
William liacon, .To-^ph BrO'Viie, '■r.inr.iei Ijacon,
miah liacou, Fnn'.-h Moore, Obadiaii H<dmes,
Nichols, and Jo'^llua Barkstead are known to
scl'U'd on their lot.-, and are .'iinf.n;^ the iir-t -i
at C'reenw ieh. Fr.iucis .\lexander perliap.i sett!
his lots for a few years, but roon removed aero-
Cohan.-ey, and w.;s oneof the leading' cilizens of
field. All the purcha-or.-. m>.'nti('i!ed above, c
Moore, ll'^lna-, aii'l .VtexandLr, wee of liie Soji

riiv-r.'is. M'l-t of tlK' lir-t >eUlers of Crckinvich w, r.
Fri'.-;u:s, and a few i.f them S'".tird in Si'iw Criel;, ai^'!
aUo in Shrewsbury Neck, o;ipo<ite ^.Jrccnwich, luui .:;
a later date on Ma;ivice Uiver. but in no otli'T i."r-
tii'iis of the county v.ere there moi.e th:iu >ca;ii.-r>'j
iilemiiers.

After the doubts concerniny the title to lands in
tliis region, jirowinr out of the disputes between I'm
w ick and the other Proprietors, were ended new set-
tlers arrived in increaiiiig nuinbirs. I'esidcs tin-
Frienvls, a lar>:e number cair.e from the mother-coun-
try, and from Xew F.ngbmd, Lon^' I.-land. and Ea-:
Jer.-ey, and settled in the limits of this county befurc
170U.

.\nioiig the early settlers on the north side of tin
Cohaufcy, beside the purchasers of lots at fireenwicii
1 already mentioned, were San}Uel Woodhouse, .Juiiii
. Roberts, Sr., Jonathan, Samuel, ami John Denni.-.
] Gabriel Davis, Charles B.i^ley, John Ihick, who c.une
: from England and settled on his one thousand aero
i tract at .Jericho (all of whom were Friends), and
I John Williams, Fio^^er Maul, Job Sheppard, son of
; John, who was one of the hrst settlors in Hack Xeck:

• Thomas Craven, .lohn Miller, Xoali Miller, Willian.
! Daniels, Robert Uobius, John Taylor, Richari;
i Ijuicher, \\ iliiau\ J'.iiia-iou, John Swinney, Widiai..
I Reniin:.;ioM, Jonnthaii Wallinj:, Edward Fairb.inkr-.
: James Hudson, Xalbaniel Iji-bop, Thomas Statiieai-,
' Tiiomas Maskell, ai;d Samuel Filhian (both of whom
j settled first at Fairlield), John Chattield, Micirui
i Iszard, Joaliua Curti-, Thomas Rerriiuan, John \\':\:.:
I (who came from Salem I, Thomas Waithman, anJ
! Henry Joyce. Most of these came with the Xew
I England Town settlers. They mo-tly settled in Gree;:-

• wich and tiie hj'ver part of ll.jpewell tuwusaiji. a'ld
some iiw in Stmv Creek. The /lext generation ■=pre:.ii
over the U|>per parts of Stow Creek and llopewei!.
Jacob \\'are, of Scotch-Irish ancestry, settled in Upper
Hopewell, on a part of James Wa-s's survey, in i!:v
first part of the last century, and has left a lonir lin--
of worthy d-.'sccudants in that region. Harbar Peck,

I who came from Connecticut, also settled there, an 1
'! has descendants, mostly in the female line, still resid-
i ing in the county.

Rev. Tin'Olhy IJrooks and a number of WeNIi P.i|"-
tist-s came from .Swansea, Ma^-^., aiiocit b'.sT^ to whio':.
place Rev. Jolm Miles and his il-.iiich came ab'ia"
1G42 from Sw.'iutea, AVales. Ani'ir/g Drooks' com-
pany r.erc .S.Miiuei and D.in 15 jwcj!, Caleb J'.arrett.
mitli, and Xoah Whcaton. They were the first settlers .it
Jire- P'owentov.ii and tiic vicinity. Robert .\yars cainv
John iroui Rhode J-land and settled in Shrcv.-.^bury Xock,
have but soon rcmoveil to tho two thi'U-and two luindrc'l
■!;!(-'rs acre tract ho bou^'br of J-u,:- Wr.--, .,nd \',.i< o:ie '■'■
ed on tiie first settlers in the vicl:iity of .^ailo!i.
;s the Shrewsbury and I'.ack Necks, in Fairliold t.iwu-lii:'.
Fair- were settled almost at the same lime as c;r"'jnwic!i,
xcept the lar,d biin_' mo-tly taken up by actual oceup.ni!-.
cly of (I'.tite a numb!.r .-f llicm W'.'ie Friends, and the re-'

GEXERAl. HISTORY.

513

ucre mostly tlie early Baptist setlU'rs. Among the
l-'rio!iJs «ere Thomas Smith, who clied in li>'.i2, ami
Mark Iicove, wlio died in ItUH, both of whom first re-
sj.loii at Green wifli ; .Solomon Smith, son ofTlioni.is,
wlio afierwards renioveii to Ijurlinston, and was a
carpenter; William Worth, James Pierce, and Wil-
liam .'^linttoelc, all of whom only rem.iiiied a few years,
and John Giilman, Sr., who settled here about 10S3,
and died in ^>)0'\ The tirst Baptist settlers in South
Jersey came in 1GS3, and settled in I!ack Neck.
AiiiODg them were David, Thomas, Jame:", and John
Shepherd (the first three of whom are known to have
liecn bn)thers, and there is no d'lubl that the last was
also a brotlierj, Thomas Abbott, who died in 171S,
and William IStittun.

Betweeli lO'H and 1607 a larjrc number of settlers
from Fairfield, Conn., settled c.ist of the Tweed or
Back Creek, on John Bellers' two surveys, takinpr the
land from hi> ajrent, Thomas Bndd, on u nominal ipiit-
rent, anri wiili a bond from liudd to make a co:ii))lete
title or |iiiy them for their iniprovenients. In .^^ay,
IfiltT, the Legislature, sitting at Burlington, enacted
the following:

■• A X Acs S<-' faJ-jUlJ rt-.e/. d into « roKnUp :

** W'hckcaS, tiio I'eoplfnt; ^f tlio Piovinco docs incretuv* tho value
thereof, and K'nio enCunragcTipm to now sellU-rs hame.-iiii l'» elTi-.-t the
s-iaic; B« ir c:iaci-'l l-y the Governor, with the atlvKc of the Cuuticil .t
Kci>n-^entAtivc« la tM« pn-s^iit Awenibty inetnnd mit^inbleil, ami l>y tbe
>i.'Ii jrltj of 111'- Mutt, tliat the Trucl of 1 nu<l In Culiatmy, piirclin^eil by
*eT*-ni1 jicoj'le 1 ilcly Iiil.Mjjtants of KAirfii'M In Ncu Kii;:lAnil, l>e, froui-
.nJ nflcr 111" diito l.eteof, erected inlo a Tounslilp, nnJ to c^<lU<! V.;ir-
fi.-ld, which 1.4 l)eret-y inii>o«ered to thd s.iinp f.rivilege4 as .iiiy otiier'
Tjsiisliip in tl.i» fruviiKo lire or have been, thiil arc not towiii Ir.or-
l^'nite.**

The rcirion of couiitry which they occui'icd ctutred
around the cross-roads made by the road from Vr.'-U
Neck to Jlaiiric? Itiver and the road from Cohunsey
Bridge to Cedar Creek and Autu.'cit, which then
crossed one another near where the present road from
the Swing's meeting-house graveyard and the idd
Presbyterian graveyard in it* rear strikes the road
from Fairton to I'ockville. For over a century this
was well known .as New England Town cross-roads,
hut tlie alterations iu the old ro.ids and the growth
of the village of Fairton, not far off, have gradually
caused the neighborhood to be of less importance and
the name to be less used, and at this day it is only
iieard from the older inhabitants, while its exact loca-
tion is known to few.

They were followed within a few years by a large
number of otliers from Connecticut and from East-
hamptoii and .'^fiuthauiplon, on Long Island, many of
whom had reinovcd to those towns from Connecticu'.
These settlers possessed the thrift and enttrpri.se
which lias made NciV England proverbial. They
and their descendants for many years wieldeil a pre-
'I'diiinating inlliieiice on the south side of the Co-
liaiisey, its all the region cast and south of that river
*vas called, and have m.ade an inellaciable mark upon
the whole history of the county, whether vicv.cJ in
''■■' religious, social, or political aspect. Their dt-
3.0

fcendants are still among the leading citiz'-ns, not
only of Fairfield, but also of other portions of the
county, and are to be found in every State in the
L'liioii.

Among these settlers, those known to have left de-
scendants in this county were Oapt. Joseph Seeley, Jo-
seph. David, and Ephraini Sayre (all brothers), John,
Jonat ha n, and Samuel Ogden, Daniel Westcott, Samuel
Fithian (wlio removed to Greenwich iu a few years),
Thomas Harris, Henry Buck, Levi Preston, Thomas Di-
ameiit, Tiiomas Maskell (who also removed to Green-
wich), Benjamin Stratton, Thomas Bennett, .Tcremiah
Bennett, John Mills, KdmundShaw (who kept an inn as
early as 109'^, the first in FairliekD.Leonanl Berrinian,
James Padgett, Benjamin Uavis,aiKl Michael Hannah.
Others of the settlers were James, Samuel, and Francis
Ale.'vander. Samuel Barns, Joseph Wheeler. Nicholas
Johnson, John. Shaw, William Clarke, .\iilhony Dick-
ason, Th<Mnns Ahlerman, John Fairchild, Joseph
Riley, Thomas Furbush, John Green, .John Bishop,
and the ancestors of the Daytons, Mulfords, Howells,
Uose.s, Piersoni, Reeves (excluding the Mark Reeve

I family), and Lawrences. Be^idcs these, others settled
on the .south side of Cnhansey, coming fioni various

' places, some of them probably from Connecticut and
Lonsr Island: Richard W'hitaker (a Friend, who first
sellli'd iu .Salenil, Josejdi F.aslland and Charles Bag-
ley (ahso IViends), John Batcinan, Thomas I'arvin,
Philip Vickary (who came from Saleni). Cnpt. Wil-
liam Dare, John Row, Jonathan Fithian, ."Stephen
Ilalford; Robert Dotigless settled at Cedar Creek;
Garret Garrison bought lots in the Indian Fields
tract and settled there, but soon sold them and re-

, movfiil to Antuxit; John Garrison settled at .Viituxit;
.Tosepli Smith at Fairfield, a'ul was a carpenter; and
Joseph Grimc.t, from whom the bridge iniMUioned in
the laying out of the road from Salem to Maurice
River in 1705 yTobably took its name.

Tho fifst jicrsoii known to have settled whore
Bridgoton now is was Richard Hancock, who. after
he ceased to be Fenwick's surveyor-general, came to
this place, and built a saw-mill on the Indian Fields
Run, from whifli the riln was sometiuns c;illed .Mill
Creek.

The run at that time flowed up where the Pcurl
Street dam now is, and around on the north side of
the houses which stand on the north side of Pine
Street, lacing the present race-way to the stone bridge,

. and acros,> the I'iiie .Street dam at the foot of the hill,
and so on u)i as at the present day. At high water

: the prescn'. meadow, reachii.g up nearly to Con'^meict
Street, south of the Episeoi)al Church, was covere^l
with water. Hancock's dam crossed the stream near
wliere the jji-esenl Pine Street dam is, and his mill
stood on the low ground just below it. In 1771', C'ol.
F.nos Seeley, who had come in possession of the }irop-
erty, cut the pre.-ent la^-e-w ly, and removed the san-

, mill to the lower end of the race, just below the prc--
e;it stone bridge. He ai.->o litiilt tlif present I'cirl

oil

IIISTOKY OF CUMnKHLANn COUNTY

Street ihiiii at tho same time, linn- I.tiii llaiKuck
remiiiio'l h'-rc i< ii>it now kiM\Mi.

Tile lir.-t |ieri;i.\iie:)t fetlleiiient in tlic luijilib"--
lioii.l of r.riilsi-t<-i:i was at :lie Imiiaii l'iel<l<. where
I)ricli;e lia<l nai ont liis traet into iwenrv-live-ai-re
lots, anil soim sold ilicm out. Some of tiic New Eng-
land Town people settled on this traet, and owned
farms ecmiprisiiij' several ai'joininir lots on Tuidce's
))Ian. R'jbort Ilo....!. James ni!ey, and Kdward Liiui-
niis were amoiii; tlie number, and ili>rir deseenJants
retained the property wliieli they boui:!it until wiiliin
the I;ist twenty ye.irs, the hist beintr disposed ol"
during the spring of this year. William Dare, Jr.,
son of Capt. William l.iare, who eame iV'itn the county
of Dorset, En;:land, to this re;_'iou, and who was
sheri:V of Saleju County iVoni December, 17l'3. to
September, 170.>, bought several of tlie-e lots in 171",
and settltd there. It w.is the iavm on the >outh ?ide
of the run, direetly south of the canninir e^tabli^li-
mciit of Warner, Rhodes it Co. His de--eendaius re-
tained it until about li'J7. Ephraini Seeley, the
eldest Son of Capt. Joseph Seeley. of New England
Tow n, settled on the lots at the southeastern corner of
the Indian FicMs tract, which included the present
y.on>l oil Kt'st Com'iurce Street, known as East Lnke,
and all the land east of the west line of the Cotu-
nierce Street Methodist Episcopal graveyard, and
south of Irving Avenue, now mostly covered with
residences. He j>robably put np the dam, and built
the first grist-mill and fulling-nlill. He died in 1723,
and willed the mill property to his son Ephraim.

With tiie same spirit of eTiterf>risc which brou^'iit
the New England settlers to Fairfield, thiy ami th^ir
descendants soon ^-prcad over other i)0riion5 of the
county, t^uitc a large number of the fir>i-comers re-
moved to Greenwich ami Hopewell, as already men-
tioned, .'ind some years later they became the tjrit
settlers in DeerrteM. Ueiijamin Davis resided in the
lower part of H.tck Neck, ne;tr tiie present excnrsimi
report on Lien Davis" beach, called Sea IJree/.e, which
beach received irs name from him for over twenty-live
years. About 172-') he bouglit one thousand acres of
land of Col. Daniel C'ij.k, of Burliugton, part of the
society's middle tract, lying south of the Prcsijyterian
Church, to whicii he removed with his wile and
family of live sons and two daughler-, from whom
the large family of that name in Deerficld towiijhip
iiave d.'Cended. Samuel Ogdcn ai-o removed to
Dccrfield about that time, and left descendants.
Among the other familie-, de-cendanti of the Faii-
fleld -tttlers, who removed to D.?erG':-ld were > ,me of
the Padgetts, I'arvincs, and Straitens.

The region about Newport, or Autu.\it. as it wa-
called until later years, lia ] a few -ettiijr- at .in r.irly
date. Oarret O.irri-on and Jolin fiarri.-ip wtre there
in 17K.', and are pr-bably t!ie aneestiirs of the fa^idlii-
of that name re-iding in t!:at part of the county,
fapt. William J^are came from Dot-et-hire, England.
and settled in Fairfield as early as lO'A, and was a

larire land-owm-r in Ijaek Neck and in I.ib.iiiM'i (\,; .
Swami'. and was <heriil' if Silem County \r-<u\ 1 1.
eei.iber, Ko:'!. >,••> Septtmrcr, 17o.">. and lu i 1 \-.\r'.-.
cllKr imporiai.t olVues. He removed ti> Aiitiixi! i r
vions to 171;', and died tliere in 172<>. Hi-'-.,.
Konntii re-ided there also for many viar.-, Luc r. •
miivod to tireenwich previous to his death, in 177
.Teri-miah Ni.xson, who was prob.ibly the -in of .f-.:i-
Nixstiii, who lived and died near .SaKin Cuv k ■■
l>;;ii!. >e'i!ed .'it Autuxit previous to 17U>. H.- «:.-
shoemaker, and w:ts the ancestor of the Nixon fain:-
of tin- county, who are among the leading citi/ea-- .•
later years. Edmund Shaw's descendant-, early f ■
moved t'l this neigh"ui>rliood from Fairlield, and La.:-
-cet, SockwcU was here previous to 171'.'. r>oili .,:
these have left iHtnieious descendants. Dickin- ;,
Sheppard, son of Jcdiii, one of the llr.-t se'.tleis nt tii; ■
family, bought ilie laud where Newport iiuw i< ir.
1722. Part of it he sold to Thomas and David Slu:-
pard, but his sons, Dickinson, Jr., and .Tonadab. :'.i. !
his son-in-law, William Paulin, succeeded l.iiti i:i 'i
ownership of a large portion of it, ii[>on which tli'-.
lived, and some of their desceu'lanls have ever -;ii. •.
resided in that vicinity. Hezekiah Lare settled i:.
this neighborhood about 173:j, and bought a tri'et .
eight hundred and ninety-three acres in Aimi>/
Neck. Seth Lare, probably a son of Hezekiali, --e;-
tied at Dividing Crtck as early as 17ol, ana ov.iu-i
part of the lanil covered by the village.

Gabriel Glann, the ancestor of the large family •
that name, who have resided mostly in Dowite a'. '.
C^omiiK-rcial town-hips, settled in thrit region a- ea.'-! •

■ a.s KiS. William D.ilias soon after that time ^et;!^•:
! ul what is now Port Nonis, and e-tr.bli-lied a frr-

■ across the river, froni which the ncighliorlioo 1 w--
' called Dalla=' Ferry I'or many years.*

Daniel Englaud located at P.uekshutum, and I''i: '
. a saw-mill thwre previous to 1700, at which date;':
ri>ad from Salem to Maurice Rivur w;is l.iid, and -':
rc-ided there in 1717.

The earliest seltlcniHiit.- along Maurice Riv^r "'i-^
made by the .Swedes, among them being llie :;nce-t' -
of the IIoirma;i, PeliM-,-on, Vanneman, Errick- ■':
Lord, Henderson, and Riggins families of th.it nei./.--
hood. Andrev. Errick-on rented from Th'imas l:-. . r
a tract of land on the east side of Maurice Riv
ne.ir its mouth, as early as 1720, and in 17J4 :
bought the sivine from Byerly. Ju-eph L'-rd ••:
.T(i-eph Thompson were al.-o settlers who r.nt-l-
Byerly as early as 1720. Peter Peter-on settled ;•:•
built on the east bank of the river, just ao'^vc 1' •'
Norris, on the farm now or l.itely ownod by S. I! ''■■■' '
son, about the same time John l\ttrr-'/ii >(tt..-!--
the land where Maui i.tt'iw :i i,.iw i-, in 17-'''
owned a number of iru'ls of laiiil near ihere
liaiii Raw-on -ettled on the Menantico, and b^iii-
• iiiill i.lterw.ird- Le.imiiigs mill proviou- ro '. Jip

anl aiiout that time John l'ur|'h- !■ ..iglii ili-
. where Port Kliiiabe'.h now sttuids. Ai::'ihg ■

GKNKRAL IITSTORY.

5 If)

i:ir)y re.-siJeiits along Maurice Kivor were Danii?!
Puiiiilin, William Dinloii, Sainiiol Tlii>in]>soii, and
William lii'e>i, none uf wliom, «■? far as known, have
(lc:^ocn(lants in the cunty.

At the organization of this county Groonwicli was
nearly the only place that couhl be called even a vil-
lage. The New p;nL'iand Town settlers were located
on their farms, with their church and a school-house
as a common centre, but very few of the houses were
clustered together, and the title of neishhorhood
better de.-cribes it than either town or village. At
Cohansey IJridge were not more than a dozen scat-
tered houses, with one or two exception-, all on the
west side of flic river.

The Dcerficld people were located on their fiirnis,
with their churcli as a centre. Al Indian Fields, a
mile ea.-l of Bridgcton, was a small neighborhood,
while at Cohansey Corners (now Shiloh) and 6?ayre's
Cross-IJoadi (now Roadstowii) were, at most, two or
three houses. At AutUNit and along Maurice Kiver
were scattered settlers, and tlie sites of Millville and
Vineland were still covered with the primeval forest.

In the settlement of this county, as in all this por-
tion of the State, the religious element w:is promi-
nent. The Friends at Greenwich, the I'.aptists in
Back Xeck and about P.owcntown, and the I'resby-
terians at New England Town and in Greenwich
and Lower IIo|)ewell, and at a l.itcr dateal Deerfield,
all brought with them strong attachments for their
res|)eelivc beliefs, and were earnest and active in
propagating Iheni. Xo sooner were they fairly set-
tled than they turned their attention to perfecting
their religious organizations and building houses of
worship for themselves. That stability of character,
uprightness, and purity of life which has ever
marked the earnest believer in Divine truth were
especially prominent in the^e early settlers, and have
left an inilelible impress on the whole hi-tory and
progres.5 of this county.

CUAI'TEK LXXX.

ROAD.?.

The early settlements were made along the streams,
which afforded means of communication with one an-
other and with otiier portions of the ])rovincc. The
need of Ian I communication was foreseen, and by the
Concessions and Agiet Uiciiis it was provided that
ponveni'-nt portions of land should be granted for
highways and streets, not under one hundred feet in
hreadth, in cities, towns, and villages. At the first
■\''st:mbly, helil at Burlington, Xov. 21-28, ItJ.Sl. a
hi;.'hway was ordered l.iid our from Burlitigton to
Saloin, to be begun 1). fore the 1st of the next .Ajiri!,
and that ten nur: from Builington and ten from
•■^aicrn should be ap|>i>it.tod for thai work. 'Jlii-; road

was laid out as ordered, and parsed throui!h lladdon-
lield and Woodbury, and near where Clarksboro now
is, and .Swcdesboro to ?alom.

One of the corner> of the Gibbon survey, made
Xov. 1-5, lt;S2, is a white-oak "sli-nding near the
Path which leads to Cohansey or Antiocii Towi;
Piatt ; thence X.X.E. along the Path to a whiteoak
standii'g by the Path near the Pine Moiini." The
map annexed to the survey shows "ihep-.iiL" run-
ning from Antioch or Greenwich Town northward
across the whole tract in two nearly parallel branches,
which sc()arated at the town, and ran not very far
apart, but gradually widened as they ran northward.
One of these was undoubtedly the path to Salem, and
the other probably led to the fording-place over the
Cohansey at the present site of Bridgcton. The early
settlers followed the Indian paths, and the use of the
term "the path" indicates that it could have been al
that time scarcely more than an Indian trail. The
lirst ro:ld.^ that were laid out generally followed the
old Indian paths.

In May, 1(5S3, the As-embly authorized the courts
of each county to appoint overseers of roads in each
tentli. They continued to be ap)iointed by the courts
until Jtinc 8, 175-?, when an act was pa>scd author-
izing them to be elected at the annua! town-meetings.
In May, 1GS4, a general act was passed for the laying
out of highways in each tenth, and comuiissioners
were appointed for that purpose, viz. : for Palem
Tenth. Andrew Thoinpson, George Deacon, Thomas
Sinilh, James Pierce. Edward Cliainpneys, ami Jo-
seph White. Another aet was ))assed which recited
that application had been made by sever;d inhabitants
of Salem Tenth for laying out of nf^ces-ary hlgliwiiys
there, and then enacts that sucli liig!\wiiys should be
laid out in Salem limits, and appoints the above six
]ier.~ons commissioners, or any four of lhe!ii, to do it.
Two of tliem resided in the limits of this cuunty, —
Thomas Smith at Greenwich, and Jame.- Pierce oi>-
posite Greenwich, in Shrewsbury Xeck. .The same
comuiissioners were rcapjiointcd tlic next year. What
roads in this county were laid out by them is unknown,
but there is little doubt a highway w:'s laid frf.ni Salcni
to Greenwich, and. across the river to Fa'riield ni:d
^lamice River, .somewhere near where tiie mad laid
in 1705 wa.s more definitely fixed, the "old road"
being continually referred to at that time. Couiniu-
nication with the seal of government at Burliiigton,
on the part of the settlers west of the Cohansey, was
by way of Saleni,- and the ICing's Highway from
there. The coming of the body of F;.irfield scttlui^.,
a short time previous to 1007, made a demand for a
more ditect route, and a road wa.; laid out from F;iir-
field to Burlington about that time which i- still in
u.-rc, and is the oldest road east of the Cohans'^y, and,
excepting Greenwich Street, is probably the o!de~i
road in the county which Iraveists the same, ground
where it was first laid. If ran frojil Xow England
Town lo .Mill C'reek. above rrJitoii, crf'-.->ii]g it v.her.'

51ti

HISTOHY OF Cl'MRKKLANP COUNTY.

tlio 11. ill ihtii ~U>cnl. l>i.i<i\v (hi- prtx-nt 'i;iiii. llu-ii t'.i!-
lowiii- till- iMilinii p:'.tli. ii iTti"Oil tiic Ir..iia:i l-"i!.K
trai't nl'"iit. n niilo cast "i" P.rivl^i.t<>n. ainl iliri)Uj!i
the j>ri'-oiit Carll-biiri, iji ]">coirk-M towii-i.iii, and
aloiijr tlio road a- now u<i'd, west ot" tlio Wo.-t Jer,-cy
Kailmad, by llic Lutheran Chapel, lhroii_-h Grcoii-
villc. to the I'ino Tavern, which fur many years was
a noted I'lace lor the enlertaianion: of niaii and h<".r--e
on tlic line lief.vecn J-.ileai and Glouce>tcr Counties,
but no loUL'cr aho-telry, .tiuI Inmi tliere throuL'h Mul-
lica Hill to the road I'roni llurlingtou lo Saieni, iii-ar
Clarksboro, It ran nearly alonz iho water-.'-liei! be-
tween the C')h.Tn--ey ixnd Maurice ^iver^, and tlius
avoided crosriiig the stroanis and more elevated
ridges between them. No record of it exi>tiiig, it
wa^ relaid in 17i>S as a four-rod road, from the
county line to tiie liiic of KaiifiiM township at
Coney's Run. U is still in general n^^e, except the
portion in thai town.-uip, and is well known as the
old Uiirliiii'ton road. That part of it' in the city of
Bridpeton is now called Turlington .\ venue.

In November or Pecember, 170-3, affur-rod road was
laid out "for the bro:ul Road therein the I'rovinec
from .'^alem to Oreinwich. thence to Fairricld, thence
toward Mcrr'--''s }!iver." bur flic return bcinz lost
by the deatii of the clerk of the court, a secom! re-
turn was made iu February, 17i'>7. It ran iVoin the
fool of IJioadway, in Salem, up that street "where
the horse Mill was formerly wliicli Did belong to
Edward Chamnis,"' —

"th'D to Allu»>ii>3 Cr-»h oxt: ti.e l.ri,!r:c tli:it »ni cillfj To'..;.n
QuiDl>>ir< Pri'l^r Id llii- old bii>l^.- i>l llio livad uf the C«>l.ir SuK!iir< :
then tlung the uM roj.l Iu Gruril) niai.r Ut Jci kho} su nlons ll^o a! J
roaJ t" L'.-r.i: UriJ^o ("vcr ibf" nin still Chllc-I l^'vj Trldge run, near
tb4 residence cf tlio l.ito B?!ror'l )I. IVjnbaui, dc^■'•^, k.>r]-in^ Thf uld
ruad uDlill lit Cm:.~ tu an tkili tr>e ovirUcl oilh tlit l,>rttor O [* toraec
of tb« Cil''.'Oti Siirv>r;. i!tei:c* down on lli« W'r-l SiJv bf riiic uj.iunt
Lrancb to tli» Old g.rihj i.vor I'l.icc Joto ih'.- T.,i'. ne X-.-ko ,'.it t'je
head of Gri'»nnicli, t»t«K-u Tini.'tliy Diaiidr-tii'e Lut's i J.>uail.:in
>niealon's LolK : TIki. alou? ll.» cM rvuJe tv Gr^nwiii. h t.;.i,>;i::5 .•>-.
IbeULa.-fl- .ni.J on r r„h;inzfr Crceke oTtr »s;iii:it the Wl,:irt<.- Inl.>
tI.e M;ir=h which v a» J D.ri Pear.c-. Thcr.c^ ai^u~ )« Miit-.li ,il..«t Six
pearcbt> rnrn lli- 511c of Iho Cicke tliillll if. >'Mn-tli to lUc ^-l Imd
between Jjnii-« lVAr»t>« Ljibd hh'l T-lark lltr»vr-3 L:i:i'] and aU>n^ trie
Laioe ket'I-in.: the "I I read to hrn^rv Buck' ait Fu'rAfhl ; then aiir.ge
on the NVrlli.s:J-..'lhi! i.!a^-- of W.it r jrol.,llv R. ■■. Crcik", l!:^.ro<r
ye Loti Tint »-a» Tl.'>n:.i- MajTiili, Th-n ke^i iii; th" ro:.d o1 -n; h»-
li.e Metins lioii!- [nt r.irf.oM; :iu.l »!.,o,- 1> J.-,-|.h .-.-^iyes :o Griai?-j
ISridge, Tii<.n<;« k-ecii.; th- O'.-i lu.il uniill lit C'<ni<fili to ilic rotd iImi
g.N!lh to D.tiiirll E.-i,-:.ii:>;» s.i»->Iill.toTK<.>,;ik Iri^, Mub.lii.jun Ka..h
tide of the n'>..d n:;>rkn] Kith the heltfn M. 31."

Ju<jrc Elmer says that Daniel England's mill wr.s
at Buck-liuinin, and that Grimes' ljrid;je was prob-
ably over Itatile-iiakc Run, at Fairton. This road
took the place of tlie old road, which was prol)ab!y
laid about 10S4, by tlie connnissioners appointed by
the .\s-er,'b!y. It is subsiaiili.ally the same ro.td iu
U'e at tliij |.re-'iit day, some portions of it, however,
having b'-en cli-nsed.

Sept. il, 171.''.', the surveyors of the lii_'ln\ays ii.;^de
return of anol.her lour-rod road lioni .Siicni to Co-
haiisev, by H:'y of Jcilm Ilaccock's bridge, over
AUowayi Creek, and tiien "along yc new niurked

r'>a-l to John M.i-.m's mill, and so fiM;ii tlie-u'i- i. • .
ye <il.i road inar Grav. lly Run, and sn to Golian~- •• "
Greenwich''. Joiin Mason'- mill had I'Ccn iuiiii ..;. .
a shi'rt lime. It i> lo.w '^nown as Ma-kell's niill. ;in 1
is on the iii'i er braneli oi" Si'iw Creek, in Lomr A'.-
loways Creek t ovnship.

Tlie survey for Robort Hutchinson, in li'i.*<>. iii. :i.
tior\> the " place of going over to Richard HaiieM.,1; -
mill," which sinod on tlie Indian Fields Run, v.li r.-
Pine .'^treot crosses the idd clianiicl of the sir.-,:..
near the J^ccniid AVard school-houie, in Rridi:et"ii.
The Cohansey was fordable here at low water, hat
whea the tide was in the fording-placc was about one-
third of the way up the piesent Tnmbiing Dam Vf.-A.
froru flic jioint of land above Ireland's mill c.ve
aeros; to the eastern side. The earliest road frnai
Greenwich led across the Cohansey at tiiis place, and
then in a souihcasteru direction to the road Iruui
Fairfield to Rurlington. A bridge over the Cohansey.
whi-re ConiDierce Street now is, was built previous to
1710, and the road was changed to cross this bridu\.
.Vfter the county was set oil" from Salem, most of tlu>
roads used, many of which had never been laid mit,
were more uvfii.itely fixed.

The road from Greenwich, tluougli the lower p:irt
of Spriiigtown to •■^heppaid's mill, and then throng'i
R.jwentown lo CohaiHcy Bridge, was laid out June >.
17iJ3. The next day a road was laid from CoIkii-.s. y
Rridjje to Josepii Rrick's mills, at Jericho. It began
in the road just mentioned, wl'.ere that turns lo llic
southward towards Greenwich west of nowcntow:!.
and then ran to " Ann.iiiias Sayiv's lioii-^e" iRia-l-
town), then along the road to where the old r.i:-.d
runs to the southward ;it David Cook's farm, by .\-a
Harner's, Stow Creek, town iiall, to Nathan Ilarnor's.
and then to Jericho. Tlie same day the road i'roia
Jo-eph Brick's mills toGreenwicii was relaid, leaving
the last road at Natlian Harner's, and along the rnai
as now u-ed by the farm of Charles iJitters, acn'-s
the bead of Macanippuck Crauch, and down t.' ti:e
head of Greenwich. This is almost identical wiili
the road laid in 170.3. Ou the following day the saii.c
surveyors laid out a road leading from Greenwich i>
the t;oun'.y line near Canton, acros.s the head <A
See'.ey's mill-p.oud, and along wheru the lower irt-iv
Creek school-iiouse now stands. On t!ie oih and 'J;':i
day.s of the same month the same survi yors iiad rc-
la-d the road dividing .*tow Creek tVoni llopew.li.
from tlie county line tii-ough .Sliiloh, R'..aJs'.owii. an-i
Springtown, to the main street at Greenwich, at tl:<.-
IVcsbyteriaii ineetiiig-housc. This roa.l was agai:;
laid out and .-triiighteiied in 1703 by commis^ioner-
ap]iointed to lay out a road iVoni Roul-town to C.;;:--
rleil, -iu'.e -^hicli it lias i.,j..n kii'uvn :.- the C"!-"-'
ini.^s!onor-' road.

In .\ugii7.t. of the same year a road wa^ al-'o !i;

from C^arlltov.-n i::> the ncighborh .-od around tr.-

crosw-road above C<dunib!a Corner, in ^^t^w ( .-c-

• township, v.as called f'^r mai.y yiar-i, crj.-7ing '•-

gi::nekal history.

517

jiro^^ent turnpike near tlic himht tolI-a;itc, and along
the southerly side of tlie county line stream to Jeri-
cho, tlien along the road laid out the same year Trom
Cohausey Uridge to Brick's mills to the plai-e where
Nathan J lamer now lives, and tlien a general westerly
course to John Barracliirs landinf!;, on Stow Creek
(HOW called Stow Creek Laiulinir). This gave the resi-
dents of the upper parts of Stow Creek and Hupewell
access botli to Brick's n)ills and to a landing on wliich
to deliver coidwood and lumber, a large business iu
wood being done for many years at every landing
tlironghout tlic county, until the decreased supply
lessened tlie business.

A road from Bridgeton to Dutch Xeck was laid out
in IToS, aud in 170i> it was altered and run as it is
now, Fayette Street being the northerly end of it.

The straight road I'rom Bridgcton to Koadstown
was first laid in June, 1780, but a cciiiomri was taken
to the Supreme Court, and it was set aside at April
term, 1701. A new ap|dication to the surveyors was
made, and it was again laiil, as it is now, i:i January,
170:2. A icrdorari to set this return aside was also
brought, but the Supreme Court dismissed it.

.-V four-rod road was laid from Bridgcton, through
Dcerfield to tlie county lino, in HC^^, and in 170(> it
was straightened and rclaid from Commerce up Lau-
rel Street, and the cour?e of the pre.-ent turnpike
road to Loper's Run, and in 1611 from tliat run to
Deerlield. The road from Bridgcton to Carll's Cor-
ner, up the present North IVarl Street, was laid out
in ISl 1, beginning at Irving Avenue and running the
course of ihc present road. The straight road from
Bridgcton ihrougli Indian Fields was laid in 1814,
and those from Bridgcton to Shiloh, aud from the
Comini''iioncr.s' road above Shiloh, nortliwest to
Marlboro in IS'Jo, in which year the road from Shep-
Vard's mill, over the causeway to the lower part of
fircenwicli, was also laid out.

No record is known of the road leading from Co-
liansoy Bridge through the lower townships until
17ij3, although such a road existed prior to that date.
In that year a four-rod road was laid from the bridge
over the Cohansey up Commerce Street ; then turn-
ing to the south near the Commerce Street Mcthod-
i-i E|)i^copal Cliurch, it crossed tin; bridge over the
iiead of the Hancock mill-pond, and up the hill to
the old road, and from there to Joseph Ogden's mill-
dam, at Fairton, which was lower down the stream
than the present one. This road was extended to
Dallas' Ferry in about a month, crossing liattlesnake
•^'Ut : then to the cross-roads at New England Town,
and along the road by the present farm of Harris
Oi.;den to Ccdarvillc, Middle Run, Shaw's mill, at
Autuxit flhen called Ogdcn's Jlillj, over Oranoken
«l the Dtaver Dam, across Dividing Creel: bridge,
xiid to the Maurice Iliver at Dalla.->' Ferry, by whicli
name I'ort Norris was known for many years. The
beginning of this road was changed in 1785, so as to
run down Penrl Street from John AVestcott's storc-

li<msc, which then stood on the southeast corner of
Commerce and Pearl Streets, to Enos Seelcy's land,
and over his dam and mill-race, and then up what is
now Willow Street to an intersection with the old
road.

The road from tlie King's Highway, loading to Di-
viding Creek thrnugli the present village of New-
port, to Auluxil Landing was laid out in 17o0 through
Dickinson Sliei>herd's fields, lie beiiig the owner of
fourteen hundred acres of land covering the location
of this road. In 1700 the part from Newport to the
Fa.-t Landing on Autuxit was relaid.

The road from Port Norris northward thiniigli Ua-
loyville to Buckshutum was laid out in 170n.

The straight road from Bridgcton to Fairtou was
laid in 170S; that from Fairton to the " Old Stone
Church," in 1S03; from New England Town, by the
farm where Harris Ogden now lives and the " Old
Stone Cliurch," to Cedarville mill-dam, in 1700; aud
from that dam direct to David Page's mill, on Au-
tuxit Creek, in 1S03; and the present road from said
mill to the beaver dam on Oranoken, in the same.
year.

May 12, 1607, "An .\ct for a road to and from Cape
May" was passed, reciting" Wtrixn^, The inhabitants
of Cape May County do represent themselves as
under extreme hardship for want of a road from Caiic
May, (hiougli Iheir county, to Cohansey, iu order to
their repair to Burlington to attend the public service,"
and appointed commissioners residing in Capo May
to lay out a road before the lOlh day of the next .Sep-
tember, the expense of tlie road to be borne by the
inhabitants of Cape May. How soon it was laid out
is not known, but it was not finished until 1707, when
it was opened through the cedar swamps extending
across the entire county from the head of Dennis
Creek to the head of Cedar Swamp Creek, a branc'i
of Tuckahoe Hiver.

These swamps were the great obstacle to intercourse
by land between the more inhabited jiortioiisof Capo
May below the swamps and the western part of the
county and other portions of the province.' Cape
May County then included all cast of .Maurice Uiver,
it not being rc<luccd to its present limits until 1710.

The road cro-^std the cedar swamps above Doiiiiis-
ville at the bridge c.iUed Long Bridge, and farther
north it is the present line between this county and
that portion of Maurice Kiver township setolfto Cape
M.ay in 1.S78; then it ran northwest across the head of
Tarkilu Branch, wliich ei.ijitits into Tuckahoe River;
then bears to the eastward around the head-waters of
Muskee Creek and it-i branches; then a nortllwe^l
course, a little south of the |)re.-erit straight road from
Cumberland Furnace to Hunter's .Mill, to Manamtis-
kin Creek, at Cumberland Furnace or .^^anamuskin
Manor; then across the .Menantico at Lemming's .Mill
and Maurice Kivcr above the tide, crossing Chatfield

1 Soe Deotley't Early ISi«lory of C.iiio Jtny, p. TiO.

518

HISTORY OF CUMBERLAXIt COUNTY.

Branch at a tlam mad? by tlic benven;, from wliich it
was called Deaver D.iui until within a fow years, when
it has l)con named St. Martens; then to theCohansey
near Bridgeton, wliere it joined the mad from F.iir-
field to Burlington. That jjortion of it in Maurice
River township is still known as the Ohl Cape road,
and is used to some extent, but the lay injr out of more
direct highways has caused this, like most of the
other roads which followed the old Indian trails, to
be abandoned for most of its course. This road was
one of the most important highways in the county,
being the one traveled from all the western part of the
county through C'ohansey Bridge to Maurice River
and Cape May, and the only means of land commu-
nication by the Cape May pco|)le until 17(j2, when the
toll-bridge across the cedar swamps on the creek of
that name below IVtcrsburg was built.

A bridge w;i3 built over Maurice River where the
Old Cape road crossed that Alream probably soon
after it w:is laid out, against wliich a presentment
was made at May term, 1754, of the Court of Oyer
and Terminer for being out of repair, and the court
ordered the township of Maurice River to pay a fine
of ten ])outuls unless it was repaired by next term.
Ap]>lic;Uion wa.s at once made to si.x surveyors of the
higliways from this county and six from Cajie May,
and on June 20, 1754, they laid out a road from Ber-
riman's Branch, near Learning's Mill, straight to the
place on Maurice River called the Shingle Landing,
and across the river and In a direct line to the Heaver
Dam, which road " we ajipoint the highway instead
of the up]>or road over said river at the jihice railed
the Xcw Mill." Shingle Landing was where Millville
now is, and probably acquired its name froni being
the ph'.ce of shipment for the product of the mills
farther up the stream. A bridge was built at this
place, resting on log cribs, before 1750, after which
the old road soon ceased to be used. Shingle Landing
became Maurice River New Brid'.;e, which it con-
tinued to be called until .To-^eph Buck laid out the
present town and named it Millville.

In October, 1750, a four-rod road was laid, begin-
ning at the new bridge on Maurice River Landing,
at or near Lucas Peterson's house, and ran up the
road which formerly went to Iszard's Mill (wliich
was probably at Buckshutura), and along the north
side of Wiiile Marsh Run to the head of Town
Swamp, "into a road called Iszard's road," then
down it to (lie road from Xew England Town to
Cohansey Bridge. Iszard's road WiU probably the
road mentioned in 1705 as going to Daniel England's
saw-mill, now ov.ned by Iszard. The road laid out ai
this time wns tiie old road from Millville to Fairton.

In February, 1757, a road was laid fiom the same
j)lace in a direct course to the head of Bui'icehutuin
Cedar Sv.amp, and then on to where Cedarvllle noiv is.
being nearly the same as the present road from Mill-
ville to Cedarville. In December, ISOO, this road v.-as
rehiid as it now e.xists.

The road from Port Elizabeth across the township
to Tuckahoe was laid out iu 1794.

The roaij from Millville northward on the west si<li;
of the West Jersey Railroad to the county line, well
known as Malaga road, was laid out in August, 179i;,
and at the same time Main Street was laid out from
the river, nine rods above the location of the bridge
at that time, due east forty-two rods to the beginning
of Malaga road.

The road from Millville to the county line, called
Hance's Bridge road, was laid out in ISOS, com-
mencing on Main Street, twenty rods cast of the
beginning-point of the Malaga road; the straight
road from Millville to Port Elizabeth was finally
located as now used after a long contest in 1S18; that
from Millville, east of the West Jersey Railroad, tn
the county line, known as the Horse Bridge road, \<\
18'27; and the new Souder's Mill road, from Millville
to the county line, in LSSS. -V road from Port Eliza-
beth, across Maurice River at Spring Garden Ferry,
then up to Buckshutum, and a straight road from
there to Bridgetou, was laid out in ISIO.

CHAPTER LXXXl.

KAKI.Y II1.sT01;Y.

Aktki: the first settlements the ])eopling of the
county (iroceeded slowly but steadily, other settler-
also coming in from the other provinces and from
Europe. The formation of the early churches and
other local items will be found under the respective
townships. Among those of a general nature of in-
terest at the pre.scnt day the following are noted.

The name Cohansey was used for many years as
the designation of the region watered by that river
from Cohansey Bridge to its mouth, both sides of the
stream being called by that name. The town laid out
at Cohansey by Fcnwick's executors was designed t"
be called by that name, but after the locating of some
of the Connecticut settlers in the town it gradually
acquired the name of Greenwich, probably from the
town of that nanie in Fairfield County, Conn. The
region now included in this county, previous to iis
setting olT from .Salem, was generally known as the
north and south sides of Cohan-ey, although J'aii-
field was also used in place of the latter name. The
two sides of the Cohansey were made [irccincts or
townships previous to 1700. The first minutes of the
courts of Salem County that have been ))reserved
.commence with the term begun Sept. 17, 1700, an'i
at the next term, in December of that year, eoristahli-
werc appointed for all the precincts in the coun'y.
including the " north side of Cohansey" and " Fair-
field." The southern precinct was also called Fair-
field, and the northern one Greenwich, in 1727 a"''
172^, but every other year, uji to and including 171'-.

GENERAL HISTORY.

519

alicr wliicli the minutes are missing, they are called
ihc north and south sides of Cohansey, and have the
..tnie officers as other townsliips of the county. In
1715 and 171fi, and again in 173-5, 1741. and 174-J, t)ie
ollicersapiiuinteJ for With sides are divided into those
tor tlie upper and lower parts of tlio^e sidts, but this
Stems to have been merely for the convenience of the
inhabitants, no regular <livision into two parts having
been made. In 17J.S a constable was first appointed
for "Morris liiver," as it is called, the settlers along ,
the river having increased in number so as to need '
^uch an officer. Under this designation both sides
of the river were included, and in 1741 and 1742 one
wa.s appointed for the west side and one for the cast
side of the river. An overseer of the roads was also
appointed tor Maurice Kivcr in 172S, and continued
afterwards, and in 1742 one for each side. Xo other
officers were appointed for Maurice Uiver. In 173G
two constables were appointed for the town of Green-
wich, and each year after that one was appointed.
The courts seem to have had and exercised the power
to appoint necessary officers for tliose portions of the
county which were not included in any organized
township.

The line which aflerward.s, on the >etting off of
Cuniberhmd, became the county line between Deer-
lield township and Pittsgrove township. Salem Co.,
was first established in 17G1. At the February term
of court, on reading a petition Irom the overseer of
roads f"r Cape May, Joseph Keevcs, Samuel Elwcll,
and Capt. Job Shepherd were appointed to lun a
division line between Pile.sgrove (which then included
Piltsgrnve) and the south side of Cohansey. A return
of this line as run out by them was made, beginning
at the head of Fenwick's Run, a branch of Salent
•'reek, and then a iiireit southeast course "to ye main
Uranch of Moresis liivcr half a mile nor-east from
the Bridge called humes's Bridge and from thence
upon a straight Corse to the end of the Countey."
This line is at this day the division between Piles-
grove and Pitt-.grove townships on the uorlheast and
Mannington and Upper Alloways Creek townships on
the southwest, as well as lietween the two counties.
What is now Landis lownshi)) and the upper part of
Maurice River were by this line placed in Pilesgrove.
What the overseer of roads for Cape May had to
do with it is difficult to understand. '' Lumes's"
[Lnmmis' (?)] Bridge was the bridge v.-here the old
Cape road crossed Maurice River.

.\t the first court, Sept. 17, 1706, Obadiah Ilclmes
was one of the two judges, and Joseph Sayre, James
-Vle.xander. and Samuel Alexander were three of the
five justices present. They all resided in the present
limits of this county, as did also Joseph Eastland
'foreman), John Shepher'l, John "Williams, and Xoah
Miller, member.s of the grand jury. Thomas Craven
'vas one of the constables from the north side of Co-
luiiisey, and James Padgett from the .south side.
Liuring the suceetding years a large proportion of the

judges, justices, and jurors were from this part of the
county. On the accession of Lord Cornbury as Gov-
ernor in 1703. upon the union of East and West. .Jersey
in one government, a contest at once arose between
the Quakers, who had heretolore been the controlling
element in West Jersey, and the Govorn<ir, who
heartily detested the doctrines which led them to
oppose him in his endeavors to enlarge the royal au-
tltorily in the province. In this contest those settlers
of other denominations beside the Friends became
involved, and the great political contest in West Jersey
for many years was between the Quaker and non-
Quaker elements, each striving to mould the legisla-
tion of the colony for their own benefit. The acri-
mony and bitterness of the contest has not been

' surpassed in later years. .\11 the devices and tricks
which are popularly supposed to be inventions of
nioilern political warfare were resorted to. Illegal

; votes were taken if they were on the right side, and
legal ones rejected, false returns of those elected were
made, riots at the polls were had, and contested seat-s

: for the purpose of throwing the organization of the
Legislature into the hands of the other party were

i among the incidents of the day, and ciiarges of bribery,
extending even to the Governor, were freely made
and partly substantiated by sworn proof. Cornbury

i and the succeeding royal Governors backed the non-

' Quaker element as against the Quakers, although

, they opposed the Governors in many things, and all

! appointtnents to office were largely made from that
element, which, in Salem County, caused the undue
proportion of officers among the Baptists and Pres-

I byterians of Cohansey.

The royal Governors continually strove to obtain
the largest possible amounts for the support of theii
government, but taxes were O'lious to the i)eople
whether Quakers or non-Quakers, and their payment
was delayed and resisted on any pretext. In 1714

: acts were passed appropriating £2-3.jO for the support
of her Majesty's government in New Jersey, and for
collecting the arrearages of taxes since 1708. The
levying of taxe.s under these acts seems to have created

' a small-sized rebellion on the north side of Cohansey,

! which included nearly all the male lax-payers of that
region. They united to resist paymcnton thegrounds
shown by the following paper drawn uj> and signed

. by them :

" Wco WU05C XamM are under Wrillcii do Utterly Denio to p^y or
SnScr t.. be tntin by Di-ilrcM or any otlipr ways «ny niomy Goods or
any oilier Ihin^ !■; Fr«n. ei I'agit our so cilled CoiutaMs )!ecniibc woo
Djitll of liie B-ing a fjiwful Coii.-i.iLie i more eaiKciall;- Btcuuse wco
' bare bei'D Illegally A«M«!d by an A^-c*-r wbo boinR a iinowii i opeu
j.-ofvsi ll.iaao Call.rilick wliicb U Uit"f1.v Reimgnant to the I.avi of
Cireat Briltiiiti aaJ Cont'ary to y lligbu 4 Liberties of lii« Itoyall
>tuj»- failhlitn rulJetH* If wee .Sul'til.tl to SnlTcror .^okuvwledge any
mi h Homan Calholitk to I'surp or bale any i.bi.:o In otTnie of jTonUt or
arte S'j-iila Connl our teKa. Traytors to liia MaJ'« cur
Protectants

tiust Auunf K
KiM-4 i all Tn,

' Tiioma* .Ma«!;«ll.
Jojeph Uun-MDennlii).
Joiialbu-.; lM;r,'i.<, Jr. (UenuNi.

Zebuinn Stathem.
Jco. Clianilcr.
TboniHa StP.sheiD.
Christ' Fill KanJoli b.

520

HISTOKY OF CU.MBERLAXD COUNTY.

Rob" Kobius.
W= Ita.on.
Joseph ItiuroD.
Saai" R.con.
r.ler rUr. I!auil.j||
TI10111.U Craven.
Jacob Tnpptog.
liicbaid Smilh.
Chtrit? Deunia.
rbili|. Sulbim.
.\l<^x' Siiiilli. JuD'.
PcliT Cmveii.
Koivn Tullie.

Tboniiis Twigg.
John Uacon.
\V» Watl>aD.
Enocli Marc.
J09o|ih Sinikins.
Srth Sniilli.
Alex' Foreman.
Jno. Conk.
Bob* .\lexrtniier.
Jo«ppl) AlcXftnJci
Jno. Rceil.
Davl.l .'ayrf.
J.-siah ritbiiig."

At tlio June li-rm, ITlo, .ill of tliese pcr-ioiis, ex-
cepting Alcxaiiiler Forouian, John Cook, ami Robert
Ale.xander, "all of Coliansey, yeoinen," were in-
dicted for re.sisiing llie constable and refusing to pay
or sutler liin\ to make di-tress for the tax. A copy of
the paper was transmitted to the Lords Commission-
ers for Trade and Plantation* at London by Governor
Hunter, accompanied by a letter wherein he says,
" They are rdl from New England who have j^igned it,
but whether they be a true sample of the lioily of l)ie
people there, or only a sett of unquiet or restless men,
who could be easy nowhere, and so left that Province
for this, 1 cannot delermiue, but this I confidently
aflirni, that all the oposilion and vexation I have
met witli in both these Provinces (New York and
Xew Jersey) has been in a great measure owing to
those who have conic to u< from that," which sliows
that the Governor was not very favorably di'-posed
lowariLs the Xew England people. David Shep-
pard and Jose|di .Smith, of the South Side, were in-
dicted for like resistance to Samuel Wcstcott, the
constable there. The collection of this tax was so
unpoj>ular that when the court at the same term ap-
jiointed Jonathan lIolme> as constable for tlie North
Side, he rrfn-icd to be qualified, and was commitled
to the custody of tlie sheriil' for his refusal. At the
next term a certiorari was presented removing the
above indictment to the Supremo Court, but what
further became of it is not known.

At March term, 1716, the granting of tavern licenses
first began, the court having made regulations for
this purpose at the preceding term. John Prick was
licensed to keep a tavrn at his mil!-', now Jericho, at
that term, which was renewed until 172!>. Charles
Angelo and Ale.xander Smith were also licensed at
the same term, and Angelo again in 171 S, both in
Cobansey. Other license-, within the limits of Cum-
berland at that early day were: Edward Shaw, in
171Sand 1710; Pvichard Ogden and William Paw.<op,
in 1722, the latter at his mill on Menaniico; Jacob
AVare, at Greenwich, in 1725, '20, '41, and '42: Wil-
liam Watson, at Grof-nwich, from 17.33 to 1742 ; Jainrs
Carrulhers, at Greenwich, 1737 to 1739; John Foster,
at Greenwich, 1737 ; Silas Parvin, at Cohan^ey PriJge,

1737 to 1741 ; Fit/, Pvaudolph, at Greenwich,

1739; Elias Cotting, at C'oliansey Pridge, 1739 to
1742; Edward Shepjiard and Jeremiah Nixon, on the
south ).ide of Cohansey, in 1739, and the latter again

in 1742; William Doubleday, at Cohansey Bridg,..
1740; John Bell, at Maurice River, 1740 to 174- :
John Butler, Greenwich, 1741 and 1742; and John
Pelerson, at Maurice River, in 1742. After Augn«;
term, 1742, the minutes of the courts are missing, ;i~
are also those from December term, 1722, to Marcli
term, 1727.

At September term, 17 It), the grand jury made a
presenimenl again>t Dickinson Shepherd for disturb-
ing the poll on the fourth Tuesday of that month :n
the election in the town of Salom. At that time tin.'
election was held at only one place in a counlv.
What the disturbance was is not known, and nothing
further was done with it. At that election Shephei'l
was a candidate, and Wiis elected a member of iJh-
Assembly.

Oflicers were ap|)ointcd by the court for the dillcr-
ent precincts or townships in the county. The follow-
ing is a list of those for the precincts now inchulod in
Cumberland. Though the officers are not of grcai
importance, yet the curly date when they served, an.i
the infonnalion they give as to the early settlers ren-
der the list interesting :

NOliTII SIDK OF COU.VSSKV.

r-^'hold,r$.

IIIG. Kor Ihc upper pnrt, Sannifl

1721. Job Shej.h.rd.

\Vw>.ltiou60, jRruca

llnd-

1722. Job Slicplieri).

•on ; for llio lover

lurt,

John Pudgclt.

Tlii'UiM Miuk»ll, Jon

»lliaD

1727. Kichur.l Wood.

WHi-on.

John ItemiiigloD.

1718. Joiii'pli James.

1728. Thomas Waiihnmn.

Jo8l.»h FlUiian.

John Rcinini.'tiiii.

1719. Juhn I'adt-i^lc.

17:10. Thomas WaUhman.

William B3»n(n.,«en

Elislm (niljah) l!ow

1720. Job SUe|.li«r.I.

1732-83. TholiiM WalthmH

John Fadg«3U.

John Kcminglon.

1721. Nicholas J.ihnson.

Jt-.

17'il. Jtiopb Brown.

1722. Henry Joyce.

liiclmol Hutcher.

1727. Tl,..nin> Padgett.

1709. Joshua llarksl.ad.

I72S. Samuul Holmes.

1718. $anuu'l Holmes.

17:iO. Al.iii C-jrll, Jr.

1719. Henry Joyce.

17:n. S..mu.l lIolmiR.

17M. John Brice.

1732. AWal Carll.

17',21. Samuel Holmes.

ColU

1733. S-imiit'l Holmi'1.

1701. Samuel Woodhoiise.

1727. S«lim-'l HoIuiM.

17" J. JoDi.tluili Duiiuls.

1728. iofUh Filhian.

J7ia-19. Thum.u .Mu.'kell.

17.ia. Samuel Uinni;.

1720. Anlhony Wauiihonse.

17:11. Jualah Ktihian.

1721. John Fadsett.

1732-33. KIcbolua Gibbon

1722. Ja.>iati Filhian.

S:tr\

'ijort n

1 Ilighwaij*.

1700-P. John K.v-.n.

' 1727. Willi ,m ■\Val^.m.

Jor.uths!! Wsiliirg.

Jo,"i.|i J..mc«.

171S. DiWiil .<iyrc.

1728. I!..lr,.-t Ayrc.i.

Noah Mlll«r.

n.llii. Ji..:.ni».

171'). Jam.> Wn;».n.

1730. Bm.-iii lure.

John Ware.

Abtiilj;im Hudson.

1720. Tliom.u.C.iiT.T,.

1731. J.;»i3h Fiil.Iuu.

Seth l-.rool.s.

' Job Shoiilnrd.

17.il. D.ivW Fo.lcr.

17 12. Etnjami:! tiato.

JosUh ri'hiao.

' J.HIJK'S i:..bin^n.

1722. Knocli Moore.

17 w. Kbe:iez..,r Mlllor.

P.in >jr.ta.

Cbuilc! riiivis.

GENERAL HISTORY.

521

Thomas Omvcn.
Rugor Mall.
Thomas Cnvcn.
John >l;l!tr.
Xi'ah \Vli»».-ito».

J"'oShei.ror.l.

John Taylor.
Ale.xmi.I,.r Koruinn.

Jojiuh FitliMu.

JatTiff IlihUori.

Gcoigp Sinipkins.

G-oig..- Simi.tiiis.

Pf.ri.l r.^|,r.

Sa/iiiiei Holmtvs.
. Gabriel Pavi^

Jonnlhan Holuies.
, Slarch. Kr.iiicii I'adgetl

Joniitli:in Holiiivs.
, Sepleiut^r. .I..hii Brick.

Roberl Roliiuii.

John Bik-k.

Thoams Stmbcni.

.\ntirew ruJgctl.

Kuoch Shoj'htfriJ.

John Uouen.i

Tl.oiii.i rii-I.I.

Thonms Walthutnn.

John MilKr.

I>nviJ }CfcJ.

Kathauii I ri>'lif>|>.
John Peiinii.

Prif r ICaniioli'h.
&iiiiti<>l Fill.l.-ui.

Enoch Moor<-.

I'l"?. John M-I!!i:,niv

John MilliT.
IT'W. John V.-i!!iainf.

No.ili .MilliT.
ITW. John WillianH,

Jo>hna ]>ark»i,.ad.
1710. John Ch.ilhi.l.i.

Jol.u Wlili.inis
nil-l>. ndwarJi-uliHuks.

ThoUitis >'lt*ihfin.
ITi5-l.-.. V.ihf.i Iiol.ln«.

Xa'l,jal»l llishoi..
inc. Willie, J;ao.D.

:>aniu(^l Woodhoim^,

ni-. j„.i„i, riii,i:»i,.

Snniutl FiiP.liici.
KIO. Joi-n.h .'..■/.«.

Peter Filz I:i:iiloIiih.
1"I9. Tli'.m.v. n, rrinan.

Thorn... l;r.,»n.
I'iO. John r.n.i-n.

Jerimiah Ccii.
1721. Janit . li.i.Iinu.

Jeroii.ial. tlacon.
172'i. Junii'i lluilu.

John Willi:.,,,,.

17iK..
17o7.

17fl.<.

ITM.

1710.

1711.

171i
17IS.

17H.'

171C,
1717,

1715.
1719.
1750.
1721.

; 17-."i. Is.i:,c nm.,k5.
, 17^7. #ani.ii-l Dennis.
; l^noiii l>ar«.

' 17i8. Willi,im Watson.

Robert Terr.v.
■ 17C9. Thomas Wnllin.
John Peaton.
I'M. KIchanI Wood.
Soth llnx,ks.
i 1731. Aoanias ^yre.

Abmlmin Hudson.
1732. Charles Konlhatn.
' Uanit'l Btshi'p.

j 1733. Ji.hn Crman.
I Charlei Fordh.ini.

^ 1734. Charl» Fonlhniu.

Janiei H. hiii-oii.
' 1734. RIcliaid Enlrher.
Rl< hard Mills.
Nslbaniel Bceiy (Bill.y
, 1730. David f!hi-|.h»id.
Nuthnniel Bilby.
' 1737. Bill.y Shepherd.
Xulhanlel Bilhy.
ItK. Samuel Harrij.
Billy Shepherd.
17.T9. Abraham Bteres.
Alexander Smith.
1740. Jonall.aiiStoadam.
Jlohert T-rry.
' 1741. Jo«.-i.h .<iinpKin«.
John llTielr.
1742. Bilby Shepherd.
James Bobi'nMii.

■ 0/ l!oa,l..

1728.
1730.

1732.
1733.
1731.
173o.
1736.
17.^S.
1739.
174>l.
1741.

r. Ch.irlM Fordbam.

Saniuel Riwen, Jr.
I. AblalCarll.Sr.

John Miller (eooper).

CuUb Avr«, Jr.

Jeremiah Bacon (wdlerl.

Richard l!rtek.>

Abel Bacon.

William Long.

l^aae .llilia.

Bennni Pj-e.

Charier Dennia.

Philip Vi.ker...

John Cnill, .Ir.

Th.:.m,n I'alsett.

Klienc/.'ii Smith.

Hugh .^hu^p.

Alex.inder Smith.

Ann.n Mnlford.

John I.Ioyd.

Jeremiiili Filhian.

Jereltitnh llaeoil, Jr.

John Dunn.

Caleb Ayree.

Jonathan Plaits.

Samuel M.>ore.

Jereoiiah Fithian.

■S"r,o/P^or.

1720. I>.in Bo»<jii.
Wllllan, Wat«.r;.

1721. Sairuel Dennis.
Koh»rl .\yres.

1722. T.benezer Sniitli.
J"hnG.uin.'tn.

I 1730. Jaiob Wi„8.

! Cbarleri Fordb&in.

> In ; l.ir- of Enoch .Shepherd, Dec. S4, 1717.

» Ap(i,liiied in ^l«(^e of lUch'snl MilU, Feb. 18, I7a3.

' A|iiK,!i,tui i„ piji^j „f Jtre„,i,,i, Bacon, AUjj. IS, 1730.

1707-S. niciiard Biitcli,

Salii.icl Woo.11,0-.,
17'/). James Hudson.

Wllliaii, B.cot,.
»1.1. J,.i,n Brick.

Noah 3Ioore.
1719. D4., C.,ven

William WulMn.

1716

ITet,ry Buck.

DickHS..,! Shepherd.

1718

Thonia3 .M-bi.lt.

Henry BiKl;.

1710

Tlioma< SliephorxJ.

John Og.l.-,,.

1720

Thomaa Shophonl.

Jonathan Filhian.

1722

Dickasan Sheph-i-d.

Ephraim S.cley.

1701.

John Chairield.

John Ogdeii.

170'.1.

Henry Biick.

1718.

Jonathan Vithiau.

1719-20. ll,.nry Bock.

1721.

Samuel Barnrii.

I 1701. Joseph Ceding iSccley!

I 1709. Itlchard Wbitakcr.

I 171S. Josiah Brooks.

I 171il. Kphraim Seeley.

; 1720. John Batemau.

I 17:il. Levi Preston.

I 1722. KichanI 0-deu.

; 1706. James radk;ctt.
[ 1707.< EdiBoud Shaw.
JuDiea Pailsett.
Isaai^ llrool...s
' 1708. Thinias AMeimnn.
Isaac Brooks.
17011. Thomas Abbott.
Kriwurd Lumnils.
1710. Johti Shepherd.
Jonathan Filhian.
Josiub Bto-^k^.^
1711-12. BeiOaminl^nis.
John Bro,.k..
William Dare, Jr.:
1713. David Sh.p)«ird.

Levi I'li-.ton.
1714-16. !ian,nvl Wcstooit.

Joseph P,ij re.
171.'i. (September) Joseph
herd.

Samuel Barnes.
1710. Henry Jliick.
Jcwejib B',{.'er«.

1717. 1'iioDiaa Whliiilier.
John Jones.
Rlchird Whltakcr.'

1718. John Bat. Toaii.
Jauies BIhy.

1719. John Bennett.
Daniel Wcstcoti.

lT2i>. Ebenezer.?»yie.

William Bareman.
1721. Abraham Garrison.

SIDE OF COllA.NSF.T.

1727. Anthony Dixon.

-Mosc, Shepheid.
172,<. Dickasoi, Slifpheid.

.\nthony Dixon.
I73I.1. Joseph Reeve.

Dick(i£oii Stiepherd.
1733. Joseph lleevo.

Moses Shepheid.
17:a. Joseph Re»ve. .

Dickasou Shepherd.

1722. IMward BnrriH.

1727. Joseph Reeve.
172S. Levi Preston, Jr.

. 17-t"-31. Levi Pi-eslon.

1732. Joseph Kiley.
; 17^13. Thomas Harris.

17-.-;. Daniel Wejtrott.

1728. Josiah Brooks.
, 1730. Ji«iah Biooks.
I 1731. John Bishop.
I 1732. Thomis Harris.
I 1733. Joseph Kiley.
i

I 1721. Joseph Keevc.

1722. Jonathan Smith.
I Levi I'leslou.

I 1727. Benjamin Sli-atlon.
I John J-resion.

! 1728. Joseph Kiley.
i I-racl Petty.

172!'. John Ayrc.1.

Ebener.er Westcolt.
I 1730. John Shepheid.

D.wldSayre, Jr.

1731. .><amnel Bennett.
Michael Hannah.

1732. Jol.lel Ath.iel.;r.
Samuel Foster, Jr.

17S3. Joseph S.'oley.
John Cornwell.
■ 1731. Jacob Garrison, Jr.
lie|»- ' Jose]>li Sceley.

I 1730. Henry Sceley,
' Daniel Davis.

1737. Henry Seelcy.
' Jeremiah Parviu.

: n.-W. Davl.l Ogden.

Samuol Ogden.
I 1739. Stcj.hen Shepherd.
I Arthur Duvia.

i 1740. Jereloiah .Ni.ton.
Jonatliur, 0>rden.
I 1741. Kphniim Mills.
; Jeremiah MLxon.

I 1742. Jacob Mulford.
i Heniy Brooks.

. 17OT.

' I7un,

; 1719.

: 1720.

Orcrj'^T. 0/ i'oor.

■S. liiehatd Whil.iker. 1720. Thoniaa Wliitnker.

Thoii,oB She] heiti. 1721. Thoniua Whilake.r.

David ?ay:e. Jerenil.ih Bonnelt.

Nicholas Usbort. , irM. Kalhan Liiwrenco.

Jonathan Smitb. Robert Hood.

John Bl.hop. 171). Jan.es liilcy.

John Bi,!,op. David Slioi-herd.

< Called I airfield precinct this year. •
' App..ii,ita April (,, 17i;7, in placo of JaniM Padgett.
« Appoing,] Stp,. 20, 1710, |„ pi,;.,e „,' jo,„i|,„n V.lhian
■ App..ln:ed Jnne 24, ]71i. in pie.o o! John Brooks.
' Appointed July 9,1717, In i.lace of John Jonfs.

HISTORY OF CU.MBKKLAND COUXTY,

niS. Ki.hraiiii Sc.-ley.

i;i». Levi Pifsli-n.
Tlionins r^rTin.

1720. •ni.imas I'mvin.
Benjamin Davis.

1721. Tbpinos I'arvln.
.Viitlion.v llJi.iD.

1722. EdwAtJ T.umiui«.
Jos-l-li l!r.wt».

1727. Samuel Barues.

« o/ Highmitjt.

17_'T. DlckAMii Slieplicr'i.
17US. Josiah Ilr.v.ks.

K|ilir.iiin n.it..n.
1731). J.wiah ItriH.ks.

Kpliraliii IVil.jn.
17J1. .M.wes Slivpheni.

Jos«>pli liyl'^y.

1732. Elwnt-liT Wc^tcott.
Julin}lills

1733. XI«<.-ti Sl.i-ilwrd.
William l»are

Orrf n of Itnads.

1707-«. H»nrj- Puck.

Fntiiriri .Al^xaud«r.
1709-lU. Eil.Ton'l Sliaw.

Dirkatoo ;5li*.-pherJ.
1711-12. John niitrniaij.

Jihn now.

JasiM l>..dK-eti.>

Tin.
Pmitl;.

1713. Jcbu t'l

Tliuiua:
1714-15. JoLj

Thoiiiii.i Parvin.
1716. Iticliai I Mills.

John r."i;relt, Jr.
17)7. JSichanl Whllakrr, Jr.

Joiin B!-nn»tt.
1718. William Dare.

it-iij.imln Davis.
1T19. Al'n.lmiii i;arri«;>n.

Willisin Hare, Jr.

1720. Jvbn Ogdrii.
Ja.-1-ph l^tland.

1721. Mo.-c. Kuali.-- OI>'«lc<lJ).
.Nall.anlfl Laurrnce.

■ 1722.
[ 1727.

' 1728.

I 1730.

; i<3».

1730.
17.17.

' 1738.

1740.

1741.

1742.

Ebeiipzcr Sayre.
John Kisbop.
J'isiah Uruoks.
Samufl ISi'nnilt
EtM»0P7.^r Wmcytt.
SaDiu«l Sbcph«rd.
Jacob Ga^retsou.
E/lolond Shaw.
Tsruel Pclly.
Abraham C-irrlsoa.
Itnel rcllr.
l»aac Priralou.
Abraham Garrison.
John Cornwell.*
Nathaniel \Vhll.^krr.
John C<>ruwell.
Nallianiil V'hiukcr.
\V|ll!.,m Itntsi-ll.
Jeremiah buck.
William Jt>9lin.
Boqjamin Tbonipa-on.
Henry .<t-phpn>.
nenjiiniln Tliuni|woD.

MAIRRE RIVEP..

, 173S. John I'eterso:!.
173ti, Jc<feph Lord.
1737. Thoniij l-owrlng.
17.i8. Thumsi Candy.
1733. Gabriel Towell.
1740. Isaac Reeves.
1741-12. NichoUa Craiio (we<
6iJ^).
Richnnl ^haw (evt •Idel.

1718. l>anlel IliinalM.

1719. Joneph Lord.

1721. William Itawauu.

1722. William Deiiloii.
1728-29. Ainme! ThompMn.

1730. Gabriel Ciann.

1731. William Cujiello.

1732. John Purple.
1733-S4. Willi.in P.et-d.

Garret (Jarriaon."*

OcerteiTS of ttoadt,
172S. Calriel Clanu. , 1741. Peter Campbell.

1734. Henry lvttr«on. ' 1712. Gabriel Pi.well (opper part)_

1737-3tl. Kiivurd Ln.iimlt. { Samuel Cobb (lower part).

1740. J:.bl. IVIl. 1

TOW.V OF OKEK.NWICU.
CmMabltJ.

1736. Utnty Waliif.'. 1739. Abol Carll.
I'dmniid tUi.uall. 1740. Kbcnezer .Miller.

1737. Jame- Carruthen. 1741. John Fo>tcr.
17.38. John r«l.T. 1742. Jacob Ware.

CHAPTER LXXXII.

or<:.amzmklv am.) I!'iixi).\i<[i:« 01" Tin; r orMV.

\Vi>>r Jersey was originally divi'Ied into tpntlis,
calk'd First, St-coiid, Third, and Snlcrn Tenths. In
ICSl tlic " Fourth Tenth" is also mentioned, fonued

> Apwinted Sept 23,1712, in I'lacc of John Row.

• Al liointe-i >■«-. . 24, 1737, ill piice of Abr»b:i:i! Cnrrlwn.

" Atpoulfd Feb. 17, 17.!4, In place of William Reed.

from part of the Third. Saleni Tenth, boginuing at
the Ixiuiids of Gloucester County as it »<i\v is, in-
cluded all the lands which John Fcnwick claimed by
virtue <>f hi.s ownership of oue-tenth of West .lersey.
This included all tiiat portion of what i^ CiKsiberiaiicl
County lying west of the river Tweed, or Hack Creek,
ill Kairiield township. Xoiie of the land cast of tli.>
Tweed and reaching to the sea-shore was included in
auy organized community until the erection of the
county of Cape May by au act of Assembly passed
Nov. 12, 1692. This was owing to there being tew
inhabitants iu all that region, the earliest data that
have been found as to any inhabitants there lieing in
16S">, when the Legislature appointed Caleb Carman
a justice of the peace for Cape May, and Jonathan
Pine constable. The appointment of these officers
proves that there were people living at Cape May
previous to that date, and in all probability there
were also scattered settlers within the eastern ii;>rt nf
this county along the shores of Maurice Kiver. The
act establishing the county of Cape May hounded it:

'• Ta hesln at the utmost llowin; of the tide In Prince .^Innri>e Eiver,
being about twenty miles from tho m'i;lh of said river, and then by ;i
lino runnliiRVMlefly tolbe mo't no.'thcriy point of Gieal Egg 11 arbor,
and from thence 6outbcrly along by the «ea to the |ioiul of Cape May ;
thence around C^\-^ May, and up Maurice River to the Hr^t point men-
tioned."

The "utmost flowing of the tide" in Maurice Itiver
is above the present city of Miilville. Previous to
the creating of Cape May County the First and Sec-
ond Tenths had become the county of Ijurlington.
Ihe Third and Fourth Tenths the county of (Jlouces-
ter, and Salem Tenth the county of Salem ; but there
is no record of when or how this took pluce, but prob-
ably by an net of A-sembly. From 1GS5 to 1602 ses-
sions of the Assembly were held, but no record oi
them is now known to e\ist.

By separate acts of As-euibly, all passed May 17,

1(394, the boundaries of Piurlingtoii, GloucestGr, Sideni.

aud Cape Jlay Counties were more clearly dfliiied,

and the "Tenths" finally abolished. " Xn .Vet f"r

; Boundaries of Salem County" enacted that

I "the Jurisdiction of Salem Court shall extend from the aforesaid Berk-
ley P.ivcron the Xnrth.to the River Tweed, formerly calicl Back Creek,
on the South, aud la hereby named, and from hcncerorlh called tl:e

' County of Salem.**

The region from Back Creek to Maurice River wa-
'till an uninhabited wilderness, and not included in
the bounds of any county. It was not until .May 20,
! 1700, that an act ws's passed which provided

"that all i-ertooslnhibilinBonthe RiverTwecd.tein j the lower Bouii'*
of Salem L'ounTy, ant all Settl-me.-ds below unto the B.-unds of th'
t'ourity of Cope Miy shall fioTi lienceforth be annexed to uiid be s'll'
jecl to the JurlsJIc'.ion <jt the Cvurt and County of Saliin, until it slii-'
be otherwise ur.lTed hy the 'jMieral frM Assembly of Hi'if Province."

Jan. 21, 1710, an act wa.* p.nssed which reduced
Cape May and extended the bounds of Salem to tip-
ea.ster:i limits of what i? now Cumberland. It re-
cited thai great incoiivtnitnccs had arisen by l!;o uii-
'■ certiiinlv of the bound. i.-iej of the several counties '■>

GKNEllAL IllSTOUY.

523

liic province, anJ then iirooocded to fix tliem more
.lofiiiitely. By this act the division line betivci'n
.■^altiii and Cape May began

••*l llie nioulliora fmall crwk on the w.-.-t siilc of Stfp»on-s l«l«iM.
roianiunly caUra .Ir.-:.k-« Creek: llieiice up Ihc s^ii'l cruk ai higli as
ilip lido rtowith: Ihcnre ufaa a direct line lo the inoutli of it i.iu;.ll
cri-ek »t Tuckaho.', »ii.'if it comes iiitu tlie nouiheroiost Main UraucU
of the Fork of Ore.it }:gg lliirl^ur Kiver."

Jccak's Creek is now called West Creek, and is still
ihe boundary between Cundjcrland and C^ape M:iy.

From 1710 until 174S this county wa"! a part of
Salem County. In 1733 an unsuccessful attcmjjt wxs
made to obtain a new county, owing to tlie jreal in-
convenience experienced in having to go to the town
of Salem to attend the courts, elections (there being
but one poll in each county), and all other public
business. The Tenth Assembly, after the union of
Kast and West Jersey, began its first session May 7,
1730, and ended July 8th of the -same year. The
members from Salem County were James Whitton
and John Drick, the latter of whom lived within the
bounds of this county on the si>utlierly side of Stow
Creek at Jericho. James Whitton died during the
recess of the Assembly, and when they met for the ,
second session, April 26, 1733, a writ of election was
issued to fill the vacancy. The election was held at
the coiinty-seat, and the sheriff, who conducted the
election, as the law then w.is, made a return to the
Assembly on May 29th, certifying that Joseph Koeve
had been elected. He lived in Shrewsbury, or Upper
Back Neck, on a tract of three hundred acres, com-
prising what are now Ihe Laning and Ephraim Mul-
ford fiiriiis ai I.aning's Wharf. Petitions were pre-
sented against him, claiming that his election was
illegal, and after hearing the case the Assembly so
decided, and a new writ wa." issued.

When the .Vssembly reassembled at Burlington, on
July l}lh,affera short adjournment, William Han-
tock, who resided at Hancock's Bridge, and who had
been one of the candidates at the election when Jo-
seph I'ceve was returned as elected, now a|ipeared as
a member, and was sworn in. The great disadvantages
which they laboreil under in having the county-seat
at the c.Mretne western end of tin- ci^unty, of which
lliey had :i forcible illustration in Ihe two successive
elections just passed, together with the favorable op-
portunity of the building of a new court-house, the
necessity for which was urgent, stirred up the inhab-
itants of this end of the county to make an eflbrt to
have the new court-house built nearer the centre of
;lie county. Petitions to that effect were presented
to the Assembly on July 25th, and on August .3d
counter pc-tition? were pre.?eiitcd in favor of rebuild-
ing at Salem, and the Assembly then considered the
petition of "the Inhabitants of Cohansic" in favor of
the removal, but decided again-t it. They evidently
i'lilieipatod ihi;. result, as they had other petitions
iilready jirepared praying leave to bring in a bill to
divide the county, which wore presented to the As-

sembly on the ne.Kt day. The As-embly granted
them leave, although counti.i- petitions against it
were also presented. On August 7th, :\fr. Brick
brought in a bill entitled "An Act for erecting the
lower Part of .-^aleni County into a Distinct County,"
which, alter a strong opposition frojii the we-tern end
of the county. w;us tinally passed by the Assembly on
August loth, and w:i.s sent lo the Council for their
concurrence. But on the next day the Governor ad-
journed the Legislature to November 27th, and sonii
after. dissolved it, thus preventing any action upon
the bill by the Council. The desire of the royal Gov-
ernors to keep the representation equal in the Assem-
bly between East and West Jersey probably had
much to do with the failure to pass this act. What
was to have been the name of the county by that act
is unknown.

On Jan. 19, 17-1^, the act creating a new county
from the southern parts of Salem was passed by the
Assembly, it having already pa.-sed the Council, and
thereby became a law. By this act the bounds of the
new county were described as follows :

'• BecinDlijg In tlie couuty of Salem, nt the luoiitli of Stuvv Crock,
Biid riiDiiing U|' Ihe Mine unto John Itrick'i. mills, having tliu saiJ
Britk'luiillo within the county hcrohy erected, thou coniiuMlng »liU up
Stow Ci.ek Drench lo the houso where Il'isli Pun now dnells, leaving
Hugh I>nn ivlthin the new county ; and from the said Hugh Dun's house,
uiion a straight lin.- to Nathan Shaw'6 hi^use, leaving said Nathan Shaw's
hous"' within the new county; and then on a uorlheu(.l course until it
lnter»»ct« th; Pilengrovo line. leaving Pilci^rove within Salem C.noty;
then ahuiB the Kild line till It lotersecU the lino «hich divides the coun-
tiesof Gloucesteraud Salem ; then runnliiR southeastward down Glouces-
ter line unto the Uundaries of Cnfc May County, thou hounded l.y
Cat* May County to Delaware Bay; on J then np Delaware Bay to tlic
place of begliininc."

The county was named after the Duke of Cumber-
land, who, in 1716, defeated tlie Pretender, Charles
Edward, at the battle of Cullodi-n, and thereby cslai)-
lisbed the llousc of Hanover ]ierm:>ncntly on the
British throne. The act also divided the county into
six townships or precincts, as tiiey were called, three

■ oncachsideof theCohansey, vi/.. : Grecnwio.h, Hope-
' well, and Stow Creek on the west, and Deerfield,
1 Fairfield, and Maurice River on the east. It rA>o

provided that the county should continue to elect
meml>crs of Assembly in connection with Salem
County until it should be otherwise ordered by act of
Assembly. The object of this clause was to maintain

■ the equality of representation which then existed
between East and West Jersey in the Assembly.
May 10, nCS, an act was passed giving two rcpru-
seiitlitive.s to each of the couaHss of Ouniberland,
Morris, and Sussex, the latter two having previously
elected in conjutic'.ioM with Hunterdon, after th? end
of the then existing Assembly, but Cunibcrlan 1 con-
tinued to elect with Salem until the election of the

• As.sembly which convened x\ug. 19, 1772, when she
was first represented by two members of her own,—
John Sheppard and Theophilas Elmer.

By act of the Legiil-uure of .March 13, LSI t, the

, eastern corner of Maurice Ki.er icwn^hip, incln'iing

524

HISTORY OF cu.mbi:kland county.

the village of Marsliallville, w:is set oft" to Cape ,
May County, but Feb. 2C>, lSt5, it was reauiicxeJ
to Cuuibcrbmd. By an act approved Marcli "JO,
1S78, irearly the same territory was again set otF to
Cape May County, the line of division beginiii;ig
where the oM Cape May road erossed the county line,
and rujinirig up that road to the Dorchester and Ks-
tellville road, tlien to the Cumberland and Tui-kahoe
road, then to liunler's mill-dam, to the Atlantic
County line. This corner of Maurice Hiver township
has .since remained in Cape May Couuty. .ipriji 10,
lSr>7, the township of Piltsgrovc, Salem Co., wa.s an-
nexed to Cumberland. Tliis act having been passed
in order to secure political advantages, and the op-
posing party having the majority iu the next I-ejris-
lature, the act was repcalcl Feb. 25, l.^^GS, and Pitts-
grove was reannexed to Salem County. Thus, with
the exception of the small portion of Maurice River
township set off in 1S78, as above stated, the bounds
of the county have remained as first set oft' from
Salem.

Early Action of the Board of Freeholders.— l'>y
an act passcil Feb. 2?, 171^, each town and pre-
cinct in each county was directed to choose two free-
holders on the second Tuesday in .^Iarch in each year,
a majority of whom, with all theju-tices of the peace
for the county, or any three of them, one whereof
being of the quorum, were authorized to levy taxes
and raise moneys for building of court houses and
jails, and to build the same. In the commissions of
justices of the peace, some of them were designated
as of the quorum, without whose i)repence no business
could be done. The board of Justices and freeholders
thus created managed the county business until the
passage of the act of Feb. 10, 179?, incorporating the
freeholders alone, and granting them more extensive
powers.

The first meeting of the justices and freeholders of
Cuniborlanil was a special meeting held March 25,
n4:<, to authorize the Vjuilding of a temporary jail
until. the location of the county -seal was determined.

Tlie first regular meeting was held May II, 17-lS;
justices present, John I'.riclc, John Ogden, Joseph
Ileeves, .lohn Kemington, .John Rrick, .Ir., Ebenezer
Miller, Th'ima.s Padgett, Job Sliepherd, Jonathan
Holmes, F/phraim Seeley, Joseph Peck, Elias Coiling.
Freeholders all present except John Purple, " being
indisposed of body and not able to attend."

Jonathan Holmes, Esq., was chosen county collector
for the en-uing year.

Xo oihei business is mentioned at that meeting.

At tlie licxt meeting, July 12, 1743, the county col-
lector was ordered to " Call the precinct Collectors to
an account and receive the moneys Renjaining in
thfir Hanil>.'" The freeholders a'l present except
F.benczer 'i\'escoHt.

At the May meeting. 1750, "This IJoid a|ipointe
Kiciiaid Wood ]jsq' to J.Uiye a Hook for y' Use of this
Tjord,' and on June 10, 1751, they ordered John 15acon

(the clerk of the boards to enter all tlie minutis of
the board in the book.

At the May meeting, 1752, the county collcclor'-
accouut for the year 1751 was settled. This is il„-
first account given, and is tlie returns from the t:i\
laid in 1751 towards buildiu-' a court-house. Tii.:
account, in full, is as follows :

1T51— l!.\-i-iv«! from Uio Cornily 112". J 1,

Cr. Bv C.tsh rail IKmfU Powell, per oiiloi-.. W ii

•! • '• " " r. ij I,

■' 1 Wolfe's hcaJ hy Thomns Wtiit. c.ir tl u o

••I ilore I.} WiUiiui l)vi\ii 3 (P ..

" I .\:i;h.iii r.>wri-i.,-o 3 ij .

"1 '• •' " " Sili-i I'jirviii 3 II II

" 1 ' " ThMii:..- Whiti.vir 3 I) ..

■' I •• •• " '■ Willi.'in I'l.iii l.if..ro Iho

lalo .\ol of .A&iCUiLly 1 II 1.

" 1 pji'iteij [heaill b.v likkarson Siiiikt'ii? li lo <>

l!y more iwM for A?i

nd rollictors fcM..

£li:i
fl2

At the .same meeting Elias Cottis'.g, cleik of the
county, was allowed £1 13i». 6(/. for two books ul
record and a county seal.

At a special meeting, Oct. 5, 1752, " ordered to be
at the Court-House of Said County," the shorifl' re-
ported that Joseph Burgin, William Harris, and
Nathan Kook, persons imprisoned for debt, had es-
caped from the jail at Greenwich, and it was agreed
that the county should bear the loss for the money-
due from the " E.scapent.s,"and thesheritrwasonlc'icil
to pnr-uc them. Joseph Burgin was ca)ilured, hut
the others were not, and the county paid £10 8^'. 'l-'.
for the moneys due from thcni.

In May, 1753, a pair of stocks and a pilloiy were
ordered plac-d near the court-house, and Joseph
James, Jr., was employed to build them, for which
he was paid £5.

At meeting of May S, 1754, a charge was brought
in by Dcerfield township, for taking care of an oM
Indian who died in that precinct, of £4 3s. 4'/., which
was paid lo M'illiam TuUis, one of the overseers oi
the poor of that townshij).

In May, )7G3, a committee was appointed lo join
the committee from Salem to run and ascertain tn-?
boundaries between the two counties, which was done
that year.

December, 1703, the arms belonging to the county

in the hands of Ephraim Seeley, the county collec-

' tor, were ordered sold, the sale to be continued fro".!

, day to day until they were all sold. Where l!'''

county obtained them, and for what purjiosc, i-

, uiiknown.

In ]7i'i7, Greenwich, Fairfield, and Stow Creel;
townships v,*erc autlioiizid to have a pair of stock-',
and Greenwich and Slow Creek each erected a i>iiir

From 17/.S to 17:50 freiijeiit allowances were inu'J'"
to the township and cou/ily collectors for counterfi'i''
money taken by thcui.

May, 17S1, a new .'cl of stocks nml pilliiy i'-:i-

GENERAL HISTORY.

, rci.roil to be jilnced at the iiortli end of the court-

.lurie, 1791, County Clerk Gilc^ was (iirecti-d to
1 riMiirc a seal I'nr tlie county oi'^iieli device as he.-aw
:'i. not to exceed three dollnis in expense.

■J'iie first .meeting under the new act incorporating
;lio chosen freeholders in each county, and placing
ilie niaiianenu.tit of the county business in the hands
■ ii' ilic fnehoUlcrs alone, was held May P, 170?, which
■> n>.ied as beini; a day of fasting.

In 1709 rates of ferriage over the Cohansey, at
liri-enwich, were fixed as follows:

1.0R If J w'R^inii and two liorvM 10 cents.

I.i):li« uu;..ii aiitl !»>• harMa 2)

l.«<.iilfU ca;t;il>ti cue livrd« 2-'> "

a:''.t nliJ linr«.' 19 "

Man .inl home 6 "

Kovtliiian „ 'J "

Shvtf-au<I twlrif. per hfaU 2 *'

rniii..I'»r Iii.l.^l 1 ••

CaiMc, jier )i**a(] G "

In 1?<'1 a seal was bou'jht for the county clerk, at
a cost of twenty-five dollars.

Sept. ?>0, 1S17, the board " expressed their approba-
tion of perinis-ion [given by the coi:iniit!ce on court-
lioujc and jail] to hold a well-regulated Sund.iy -school
and singing-schools in the house," but this jirivilege
»v;is rescinded in 1833.

In lJ*27 the line between Cumberland and Salem
:.ii<l Olduceslcr Couuti'>s was run and marked.

-Vpri! 13, l->37, the board met and pledged the faith
• ■( ihe county for the safe-keeping of that portion of
ilie surplus revenue loaned by the general govern-
ment to the Stales as niiglit lie apportioned to this
county, and apirointed Daniel M. Woodrulf, Dr. Ed-
mund Sheppard, and Jonathan Lare to loan it on
bond and morij^age security. Thirty thousand dol-
lars were rcreivod ns the sliare of this county, a largo
j •)riion of which was loaned to did'ercnt persons, but
I'-flfcrwards it was all called in, with a loss of .i=.564.47,
leaving a balance in the county's possession of f'20,-
43'i..5.3. Of this sum, .•:iO,C74.43 was .spent on the
'■••url-house and lot in 1S44; :s9]20.73 in building
•'.'111 furIli^hing the present poor-house; the balance,
•''■i;.'il.37, has been used for general county purposes.
1 iie intcreit of the fund is paid by the county yearly
i'llo the ofhicational fund, as reijuired by law. Judge
I'aniel Klnur, in IS.'iK. succcedcil the cominittoe first
•'I'I'ointt'l in the management of the fund, and was
>u.ceeded iu 1840 by liis son. Charles E. Elmer, Estj.,
«lio was agent for the fund until it was all paid to
'lie county collector.

Directors of the Board of Chosen Freeholders.
—Directors of the board of chosen freeholders were
• 'ecled by virtue of the provi-ioiis of the act incorpo-
Mting that body, pas.'-ed Feb. 13, 1798. Previous to
that the presiding nieniber of the board was only

tliairnian." Those occupying the position are as
f")iov,s:

Clfiirm' n.
'^■5. S.ni.,u..l Og'Icu. I 1790. l»r. Jun.itlian Kliner.

'iT-r,. lIjakcM I.Wins. i 1707. Samuel Ogd' n.

ITM. Ell Kluur.
\-'19. J..iiAtlmli IViucn.
1S'«'. Til iru.ts l'inii;l».
l<l'l->. P,.>i.! M.^.re.
Mxi. iM\ Fllliiaii.
180J. Jt-renibli Bivi.hs.
lS.>o-9. KWuc/er Svfley.
1S14V12. Dr. Azpl Piurson.
\iVX Dr. Kbcnozpr EInwr.
1S14. Tiiuotliy l.liiicr. '
IM.'.. .^liiji.h linriis.
lSlfi-18. Samuel Svel^v.
lSIO-20. Jain.« Clark.
1S21. Saniiit^l .Sccloy.
]S>C'. Sinitli Bouon.
1S2;1-'J0. :faoincl Seeley.
ISiT-2«. Dr. El hriiin Bnck.
ISJll. Willii.ui n.-van.

17oO-51. Jolin liacon.
n62-W. Arnnias &o're.
17 ■1-09. Snniucl Filliian.
17l»-70. Thoni.is F.vring.
1771-73. Samuel Filhinu.
1774-7S. Elii« S.-eley.
1779. Julin 3lulfura.>

Frliratiii Scflcy. Ksfj2
Mt-yi-l. Lpbrnlni S«Ioy, Ei{j.
17S3. Isaac Wlieaton.
17.^1. Joshua i:wjns.
17*5-S6. Euliialiii Seeley, Esq.
17«-92. Eli Elm->r.
1793. l>r. Joiiatlian Elmer.
1794-97. Ell f.lin.T.
1795-9'J. Ebeaezer Elmer.

1»I7. Luciu-i Q. C. Uliiier.

1S49-41. Lurlu!. Q. C. Elmer.
IS.V2. JameiC. Hampton.'
ll>l>4-G6. John T. Nblon.

IKO. iMOinel Secley.

lMl-3:i. .Ionics ll,M,l, Jr.
, IMI. I.ovi 11. Davis.

1S.1J. Pliilip Fitliian.
I IMlMl. Daniel M. Woodrult.
I lti2-43. Levi n. Davis.
I )S44. .lofcpli W. Wo.idruir.
i lSI.V-lb. Lewis MoBri.le.
r 1S47-IS. Henty .Sliepiwr.1.
' 1849. .loiialhaii Elmer.
I li^oO. C4>riielius Luptou.
I lS;.l-67. Jonatl.ai. Elmer.
I 1S6S. JoEepli II. Ogilen.
I IiiC9-71. Jcmitlian Elmer.
I 1ST2-77. Kobort J. FiUiiau.
j 1S7S-79. TbemasV. llMriN.
j lS*tV-S2. Beiijaniiu Ilaiioork.
, ISM. Morris Bacon.

Cl'Tl:

: 1S(10. Eli Elmer.

i ISOl. Dr. Azel I'iersoii.

! lSII2-t. Eli Elmer.

, 1SV15-9. Dr. Azcl Pierson.

1810-13. Dr. EJo Ojden.

1S14. George II. Biirgin.
; ISl.V Thomas Woolrnlf.
, 1816. Lucius Q. C. Elmer.

1817-2(1. Dr. Eplii.iim Iliuk.

1S21-22. Enoch II Mure.

1823-20. Dr. Ephmim Itucl,.
, 1S27-S3. Enoch H. Jlure.

L-CI-Kir.. S:iniiiel S. S.Wey.

lS.''.7-(;ii. Ilngh R. Mersilllcs.
> 1861-83. Alphouao Woodruff.

SolicUort.

lPCfl-67. SIxou i :Mitcliell.
l.«08-74. Frsnklin F. \S\stcolt.
1875. Poller A; Nixnn.
1870-8:). James 1!. Ilonglnnd.

CHAPTER LXXXIII.

COU.NTY 1J11LIJ]X(;.-;.

Court-Houses. — The act erecting the county jiro-
vided tlial when it should be thought neces-aiy by a
majority of the chosen freeholders of the county, in
conjunction with three justices of the pc^ice of the
county, one of whom should be of the (jiioruni, to
build a court-house and gaol, that theu anj three
ju.-tices of the peace, one of whom should be of the
quorum, iniifhl meet together at Cohansey r.ridjre,
with court' rrciice of a majority of said freeholders,
and |iut ii[i !i >tices of an election to be held .it J'/!in
r.uller's, in the town of Greenwich, and by a iijnj'Tity
of votes to choose the jdace where the courtho i-e
and gaol should be built, and also aiitliorized nioiey
to be rai-ed with which to buihl.

.^n eleclifin was held for that purpose, at wbi.-.li
Cohansey IJridge whS chosen, the election being held

1 Choaeo county collcclu<- \,^it'^Ti.' expir-itiou of the year.

» Cbo.tea Jan. If. 17f 0, to fill v.u-aiicy.

» III l.S.'/2, Ih-.- appointment of »"licilor was (lljpfnse'l v.;tli f.ji il.c

526

HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY.

jiroljubly between July \ith ainl 26lli,;is at the iiieet-
iiig of the justices and rreoluiKlor* on the 12tli no
mention is in;ide of the suliject, the minute emiinic
with, "There lii'inir no other bu-iness it was agreed
this meeting adjourns,'' and at the next meeting, on
the 2i)th, the election is referred to. No reconls of
this election are known to exist, hut evidently the
contest for the county-seat innst have heen sharp and
the resirlt close, with charges of illegal voting, as
ajipears evident from the minute of the' meeting on
the -Gth, which is as follows :

"July 2r,th. Tlic Jii^lkrs and nil Ibe t'rrrliuldti^ Licrt excrpt John
Purple III obclienw to an Adwrtisi'DK^nt Sfl up l^j- onlor of John '
Ogilen, l>.ivia Oi.-.Ion, Kplimlln Sroly, ami Ji».pli IVrfc. Tliwe fv.iir
Justices I'ropoji«tl to the other Judlice* of SAiil county, an<l I'ri'oholiletjf
present To Ko}>e JIuntj for BuIMing n Go«l nn.l Court-n»u«e, bnt the
Slajor part of the Juslic*-? .inj Frc-elioUors present uaa not St» I>Up«'sed
M to t)<e lAH-allon of the place where the Sai-I Coil an>l L'oun-llo.i..'e
Shall be Built. Thought )'rop..-r to Soil* Ihr point Fiisl bi-f.re tht^y
Coosi'Qt to Kay** money for thnt pnrposc, bnt in order To Sellf the
sfAieoflhe L'lrcllon there was n Molion nmde for to Ile-aniniin the
Voteis by poring the ni by their ne«|>erilvc oatliA nnd afeim;tli<>ns, but
the freholders of the Sonth Si^Ia of Coliiinwy Ri^ruMd to Comply vrilh
Said offer. Tliorc tciug no Bu^ines^ to do Thid fleeting udjurnj."

Previous to the formation of the county thi-i por-
tion of Paleni County wa^ divided into two iirccincts,
called the North nnd f?omh .Side' of Cohansey, that
stream hcing the dividing line. The town of Green-
wich was the most important jilace in the comity, and
it was n.stural that there should he a ^trong inlUienee
in favor of locating the county -seat tliere instead of at ,
Cohansey P.ridge, which at that time contained proh-
ahly not over a dozen houses. The feeling growing
out of the election seems to have laste<l for some time,
as it was not until the meeting of May 9, IT-iO. that
any slops weie taken towards erecting huililings at
Cohansey Dridge, although the courts of the county,
at the December term, IT-JS, ordered the clerk to make
the writs returnable at Cohansey Dridge, where the
next term, in Kebrnary. 1740, and all subsequent ones
have been held. .Vt the May meeting, ITof, the first
steps were taken towards erecting a court-house and
jail. At a full meeting of the board it wa.s agreed

" IhRt there .Shall be h deed dravred and Delirerd to Itkliard 'Wood aod
Kbcne7er 3LilU>r to peruse, and njion their apnjlntion Then they or
more of tllF Justice! ate lo Summons y< Magislnile'aud freholdeli to
pi'vcede ni»on Uay^ing of money lo Ituild a Couil'Ilouse and Goal."

Wood and Miller were two of the justices, and both '
lived at Greenwich, but Miller had taken n|> a sur- '
vcy of four hundred ai:d twenty acres at Cohansey
Brid'.re, the lot on which the county buildings were
placed being a |>art of it, and his interests coincided
with those of the Routh Siders. 'J'here being .some
question concerning the validity of hi.' title, a bond
to gnaranlee the title was executed by .^^il!er and a
iininber of the most prominent ficcholders re^^iding
on the South Side to a number of the freeholders of ,
the North Side. In June, 1751. £1 In were ordered
raised by the 2'>ih of December towards building a '
cocirl-houKC, and it was agreed to Iniild a coiirtdioii-^e
thirty-two feet long and twenty-two feet wiile, two

stories high, to be of frame, " to begin in yi.,,
K.")!'," and Elijah Uowen, David Ogden, Jol.ii i;.:
and Ephraiui Socley wore appointed maiuigcr^ "
agree with workmen one or more to build the Ci.iri'
house By the Great |by the wholoj or otherwise, .
they can Agree." Rates of taxes were fixed as i"..).
lows: Young men, two shillings; ineii-.?ervanl'!, 1,:;,
shilling; retailers of goods, ton shillings; mills, n •
less than two shillings and sixpence, nor above fiv.
shillings; and male slaves, one shilling. The a^-i-
sors were ordered to meet at Cohansey IJridge 1,;
second Tuesday in August to settle the "cdtaii."
(quotas) of each township, and to return their i!u|.:;
cates by first Tuesday in (October. Taxes were t!ii :j
raised almost entirely from what were called ceriaiii
ties, — that is, by fixed rates on specific (lersons aii 1
properties, and not by a ]iercentage on their vahii', n- . :
this day.

A contract was made with IIowcll Powell (who w..-
afterwards sherifl'), and the court-house was put v-
in the spring and summer of ]7o2, and so far coip
pleted that the courts were held in it on Aug. 25, ]7."2.
but was not entirely completed until the next ye.ir.

In May, 1752, f 120 were ordered raised for this oh.
jcct, and in May, 1753, ilOO more. Mills were rati.!
at C*. to 18.<. ; shop-keepers Oj. lo ISs; a young iii.ui
with a liorse -U. 6(/., without 2^. U'/. ; servant-; aii'i
slaves Is. "per head''; lands, "as by former act 1;
Assembly, at £5 per hundred," meaning " i)er 1" '
acres." By the coiuity collector's accounts there w..-
paid to Howell Powell the sum of £300, which wa-
probably the amount of the contract. In February.
1753, it was "ordered that the sum of seventeen shil-
lings and sixpence bo jiaid to Ephraim Seely Esip.
for Rum and Shugar at .Vlexandcr Jlorc." Mnoic
kept store at Cohansey Pridge, and the rum and sul':i:
Were probably used at the raising of the coiirt-hou-o.
as the next year the board jiaid K|diraim Seeley " f r
ye Rasing Dinner and time to provide it, £2 17.«. 0'.'.
The managers were each jiaid for their services 111'
This coi!rt-hou<e did not long continue. After tl.i-
trial and hanging of Pickering for horse-stealin;;.
court was held there on Dec. 6, 1758, and before Jan.
■1, 175!', it took fire and was burned. A tavern w:i'
kept in the house adjoining the court-house by .Icilm
Hall, which took fire in the night and was burno^i
with the most of the effects therein. The fire ^pro.i ■
to the court-house, and being of wood, and there l.i;i:.
little or no means of jHitting out a fire, it was bin'
to the irround.

Second Court-House. — At a sjieci.-il meeting ■
the ju-tices and freeholders held on Jan. 4, 175'.'.:''
Jtdm Keen's, who kept a tavern on the east ?idi: ' '
tiie river, all t'le freeholders present except Will' ■
Willis, of Maurice River, it was agreed to buii"
new court-hou.-)u of brick, thirly-l'our by iwenly-l"':
feet in the dear, with eighleen-inch walls for tlio li'-
story, and fourteeii-iiioh for the second, the in-ih
be fii.i,:ln:d lil:e tlic- ]nri;U'r one except an adrliii"': ■

GENERAL HISTORY.

52:

■uinlou- over tlii- ju<lgc*' seal ; a cupola \v:u< orJorcfl
;., 1.0 biiilt oi\ the roof in vvliioli to li:\nir a l>cll, whiili
n;is to 1)0 bought by subscrii'tioii. Tlii.s bell was not
'.iiiiixlit uulil several years afterHarils ; it was cast in
Drici'rewatcr, Mass., in 170-3. For many years the
(•iiurt-liouse w:ua used for religious meetings on Sun-
■ iiys and evenings. On tlic erection of the West Jcr- I
„v .\cadeniy, this bell, which was taken down when ,
:he court-house was toru down, in 1844, and replaced
iiy a large one in the present court-house, was hung
iti the belfry of that building, where it still does duty
although one hundred and twenty years old. Eben-
e/cr Miller, David Shepherd, and Samuel Filhian
were appointed managers to build the court-house,
and £200 ordiired raised by tax. |

They were authorized to build it anywiiere on the
lot the old one stood on, which extended across
liroad Street. They located it in the middle of '
)!road Street, a little east of Franklin, between ;
where the sherilf's liouse and the City Hotel now ,
arc, on the brow of the hill, which was much higher
than at i>resent. It was built during 1759 and 17G0, .
and continued to be used until 1S44. In 17CG a i
coiumittce was appointed to secure the wall of the
cnurt-hoiise from being hurt by the waler washing ;
the earth away; the hill being quite stecj), every 1
heavy rain gullied it. In 177-'> a fence was ordered •
built at the west end of the court-house, and in 1777 :
one was ordered at the east end, " to prevent the
playing of ball." In 1791, Sheriff Buck was ordered
to procure a suitable stove for the court-hou^e. Pre- j
vious to this the only method of heating it v.a.s by '
fires in open firejilaces. In December, 179S, "a i
close stove" was ordered for use there, and a year i
later a tcn-|>late stove was ordered. j

Present Court-House. — The need of a new and i
more couiinodioiis court-house became more apparent .
as the county increased in poi)ulation, and in 1S32 '
inquiry was made by the freeholders as to the possi-
bility of purcha--ing additional ground adjoining the !
jiiil-lot, but it could not bo bought at that lime. In
lS3t) it was offered to the board for si.xteen liundred ,
dollars, and by a vote of eight to seven they re-solved
to purchase it, and a deed was made to them by Jere- ■
niiah Whitecar and wife, d.ited Oct. 7, 1S36. This is ;
the lot on which the court-house now stands. At
lliat time there stood upon it a large tlirec-storied
liouse, built and used for many years as a tavern. I
The eastern part of the county, e-pecially Jlillville,
had increased ra])idly in population during the pre-
vious years, and a growing rivalry with the county- •
H-at had bfi;n developed. The aspirations of Mill-
vilic and the opportunity of a new court-house, soon
'o be built, very naturally called forth an agitation
lo remove the county buildings to that place. The
vole on the purchase of tl/t; courl-hou-TC lot was the
first jiublic dcveloj)mcnt of this state of feeling, which
rapidly incroatcd, until tlie one absorbing question
Hi the countv wa- the location of the court-lioiisc.

The freeholders, at their meeting in February, 1>!;)7,
were petitioned to take no action to build until an ap-
plication could be made to the Legi-^laiure for an ait
to hold an election to determine whether it should be
built in Bridgeton or some other place in the county,
and a resolution to that effect was jiasscd by a vote of
nine' to seven. Such a law was passed March 4, ]f!37,
directing an election to be held oa July 2")lh and iGtli
of that year. From the passage of the law until the
election the battle waxed warmer and warmer.
Meetings were held, and the two newspapers of the
county, both printed in Rridgcton, were filled with
articles advocating the claims of one or the other of
the places. Fairfield also was advocated by some of
the residents of that township. When it was found
that son)e of the Fairfield ]>eoplo, wlio otherwise
would have v.ited for Bridgeton, intended to throw-
away their vote.-, on their own township, the advocates
of Bridgeton became frightened, and claimed that the
old conrt-hou-e was good enough, and th.il the times
were too hard to spend money for a new house. The
result of the election was as follows:

Kor Koi- For _ , .

Bridgeton. MIHvillo. FnirPild. "■"'•

I)t.erftpM 4^7 4 461

Ilopt-»en 401 3 1 4'ij

Slow fr.

.MillviUi-

«ich..

132

> nivor 27 33<) 300

D,.HW 50 239 2 297

Fnlrll-ld 60 37 210 303

Tot:.l 12M ia-.9 214 2...'i7

The fight was not ended by the result of tlie elec-
tion. A long contest was waged in the boaid of free-
holders, the four lower townships voting steadily
again.st the building of a new court-house, making an
e\en division of the board; at one meeting, in the
absence of one member from Stow Creek, they passed
a resolution to sell the lot. purchased for tlie court-
house, but nothing wa.s done under that resolution.

At alnio.-t every meeting of the board the fo'.ir
upper town>biiis brought up a resolution for building
a new house, but they were all lost by a tie vote.
Appeals to their sen.se of duty under the law re-
quiring a new house to be built alter the election and
other devices were employed to induce the lower
townsliips to yield, but without avail. One of the
ludicrous devices, as it seems at the present day, was
to cause a notice to be served on the board by tlie
overseer of roads in Bridgeton, notifying them " t'^
remove the old court-house out of the highway." JIc
failed to .spe-vify in his notice whether, in Cise they
liiiled to obey him, he would forthwith tear it down
(after »taniling there eighty-four years), as a public
nuisance and an obstruction to travel, or not ; perluqjs
the indefinite something which he might do was
thought to be more potent than if he was more spe-
cific. After six years of contest with no success a
new plan was devised. A law was enacted March 8,
1S4-1, creating a new township out of parts of Jlope-
well find Stow Creek, the village of Shiloh being

528

HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY.

about the centre of it. called Cohimbi.i township.
This w.is done under the plea of a political nia-
no>uvre. and the real object was not discovered until
too late. At the meeting: of tlie board in May of tliat
year, with the aid of the new township, it was njrrceJ
to build a now court-house on tlie lot bought for tliat
purpose, and Benjamin Slioppard, Joseph W. Wowd-
ruff, and Samuel Harris were appointed a building:
coinuiittco.

The i)laii adopted was a brick buildins:, forty by
si.xty feet in the clear, with lower slory ten feet
in the clear, and upper s'ory ei.crhteen fei-t in the
clear ; lower story for use as jury-rooii'.s, the upper as
a court-room and vestibule ; the court-room to be
forty by forty-eight feet. The citizens of I'ridgeton
were aul)iori;:cd to raise a clock-tower u])on the bel-
fry, and to place a clock therein, if done without ex-
pense to the county, and ciirht thousand dollars were
nppr( priatf'd for that jnirpose out of the surplus
revenue received by the county in IS?.?. David F.
Randolph was the contractor, and it was built that
year. Mr. Randolph received the thanks of the board
for llie neat and workmanlike manner in which he
bad fuHiUed his contract, a compliment time has
shown to have been well deserved, few better court-
houses exi:-l!ng in the State at this time, now thirty-
nine years since it was erected. The old court-house
was sold for eighty-five dollars, and wa? lorn down,
hud tiie hijrhway cleared of the obstruction, and so
the overseer of roads {above uientioned) al List had
his notice complied with. Over thirteen hundred
dollars were spent in materials, puttinjf up fence,
trees, furniture, and fi.xtures, and the total cost of
the conrt-liou^e, taken fmni the surplus revenue fund,
WPS ten tliousand six hundred and scvcnly-four dollars
and forty-three cents.

In 18S1 an addition was built to the south end of
the conrt-bou<e for a back stairway and other con-
venience:'.

J.MI.S.

The rirst Jail was built by direction of the jus-
tices and freeholders at their first meeting, the min-
utes of which are as follows:

"CuiulK'r1:iiid C'.liaiiWT nriclcc Slircb yiS-^M4(. At « Si-?<iul

CouDtir. Meeting of Itic Justlc'^ and FrfclioWtr! Iliey uuaiii-

nioiislr Agreed tli^il tli« Shrrill of sild Cuiiuiy <1>

Build n GohI at tlie mtnt Coiitciikiut |ilace lie ^li.ill Think tiro|i>;r tor

the Beiii-nt of Suid County the deuicntion of the U->iii'i lo to nboiite

Twelve fm.t Square. The nU/vc ludd Gout to bo for I'lrseliC Use.

" Jxntiees l'rc5eiit

"Iticli.irJ W. !
"J.ihu Oirdeii
" Jowph Keevcs
"John Reuitiig'on
" Joiiathnit lIolDl'.'?."

The Sherifl", Ananias Sayre, lived at Greenwich,
and he built t!ie first jail at thai place. This small
jail was probably built of !o;.;.:i. and was in.secure, sev-
eral e-^capes being made from it of persons imprisoned
for debt, causing the county to pay the amounts for
which Ihey were imprisoned. This was used until

17-"i4. when the jail of brick at Cohiiincy I'.ridi'e «.,
erected.

This jail at Giceuwich w.\s probably built by ih-
i^herilf, on the street or the market-place, atiil r. •
mained until 1704. The board at their meotinL"-, IX-. .
7, 17<i:j, appointed Samuel Fitliian and Tliiiin:i>
Kwing a conimillce to soil it at public vendue, wlii. !.
they did, and at the meeting in May, 1701, they set-
tled with the committee, and found a balance due tin;
county of i3 .x--. arising from the sale.

Second Jail.— May 9, 1753, £100 was orden.l
raised toward building a jail at Cohanscy Bridge.
and it was agreed to build it twenty-two by eiglitoin
feet in the clear, the dungeon to be in two ajiari-
ments under ground, beneath the main |.iart nl' th
prison, the jail to be eight-foot story between tluor
and joists, with three rooms on a floor, and chimiiov.
in each room. The dungeon to be built of sloiip if
there could be any good stone obtained for that pur-
pose, and the upper part of the jail to bo of brick.
Ebene/er Miller, Richard .Smith, and Matthew I'i'r
vin were ap]Hiinted managers.

In May, 17-'i-l, the si/e of the jail was ordered to !m:
thirty-four by twenty-four feet from outside to out-
side, the dungeon to be seven feet in the clear between
floors, and the second story of the jail to be ciglit feet
in the clear, and Ananias Sayre and Ephraim Seel'-y
were apjiointed managers. .-Vn agreement wa-> ma !'•
by the first managers with Matthew I'arvin to iiial:L-
the brick lor the jail, to be niuc and a half by tour
and three- fourths inches, and thickness in proporliua.
Jonathan Sayre was employed to dig the duugeiHi,
move the stone, carl away dirt, and cart sand for it.
aud was paid £3 10^. Reside Matthew i';:rvin, to
whom was paid iliS, the persons to whom tlic county
collector paid l.irge siuiis of money were .Silas Parvin.
t'l.jl, and Isaac Elwell, t'-io. They probably furnished
materials or did work upon it. The brick having
been made, work upon it was commenced in l?"'!.
and it was finished during that and the succeeding
year. 'J'his jail seems to have been not much more
secure than the old log one was, as committees were
appointed to repair it, and bills brought in almost a<
soon .IS it was linished, and so continueil for many
years. So insecure was it that when the first prison-
ers charged with a capital oflense were imprisoned, a
special meeting of the justices and freeholders was
called on June 30, 17oS, and a petition was sent to
the chief justice urging him to solicit the Governor
lor a spccixil couiuii-sion of the Oyer and 'I'erminer to
try ther:!,and Jeremiah Ruck was sent as the messen-
ger to carry the petition, and was allowed live shillings
per day, and six days to do the errand in, as the jour-
ney had to be made on horseback.

in January, 170r>, the sherid" was ordered to nuiid
the breach in the jail a-, he should think best, a'ld ..t
the same meeling thirty thousaml brick were ordered
to be made to build a jail-yard, :;:il in .Maya \ ard
was ordered built at the we.n end ufthe j lil, t!i.- ^■■.\i:v.-

GEXKrvAL HISTORY.

oii'J

., i.ltli lus that and tliirly feet long, with stotir i'ouiid:!-
■ ;,,ii and an eightoen-incli brick wall luurteon I'l-ot
.jh upon it; a well was also ordered dug in Ihe yard.
Jii June, 17Z'2, the prison-yard was ordered to lie
..■iivorled into a liouse one story high, to bp divided
.:ilf> three rooms below, with two iireplaces, two win-
i.iws front, and the tamo back, to be plastered and
(..iiipletcd ; and agreed to give Jonathan lyiiiiir, the
.ill-rill', ~i''(' to complete the work.

Third Jail. — In May, ITSS.SIierilF Buck presented
.1 protest, setting forth the decayed comlition of tiie
jail, and the board resolved to prejiare to build a
■MW one, and appointed a committee to (ind where
-iiitable stone could be had, draw a plan, make e.>ti-
inates, etc. In June a tax of £500 was ordered for
i!, and John Shepi'ard, David liowen, and Ebenezer
Klincr were appointed managers. In October the

I iniittee reported, and a plan was adopted; but in

.May, ITi'O, a new plan was agreed on, and it was re-
M.lved to build it two storica high, not to exceed
iliirly-four feel square, to be on the ground where the
old one stood, and £375 more were ordered rai.scd.
Hut in May, 1790, the location wa.s changed, aud it
was ordered to " Srtaud North of the old (!ioal between
iJiat and Main Street so as to bound on s.iid Street,"
and a ta.\ of £400 specie was laid. It was built dur-
ing that year, and remained standing until LSG7. In
.May, 1703, aii order was drawn '" for £0 to pay for the
third Lock made by Azcl Peirson for the Ujc of the
• ioal." The old key of the jail, probably of this very
lock, is DOW in the posse-sion of the editor of the
lirhhjeton ChrnitMc ; it is made of ciist iron, weighs
fourteen and a half ounces, aud is eight inches long,
;itid rusty with age ; it is certainly an interesting relic
"f the ])ast.

In ]Sc'3, Jonathan Lumnii.s, who owned the lot next
' .ist, com|ilained that the jail was built partly on iiis
lot, and after several other application^ by him, the
board took a deed from him, June 20, IStiO, for a lot
fight feet front, covered by the jail, and one hundred
and seventy feet deep.

In 1806 the old jail, which stood a few feet in the
rear of the new one, was converted into a yard by
taking down the side next the new jail, and extend-
ing its east and west walls so as to include iu the yard
ilic space between the two jails; a door was opened in
!lic south side of the jail to the yard.

In October, 1-832, another story was ordered to be
'aised on the county house, i'.nd it was done during
that winter and the next spring, at an expense of
''!*30.8y. Originally built as a jail-yard to iJie old
J^il in 1765, and converted into a one-story house in
1772, it was now raised to two stories. It was long
''(■cupicd as the residence of the jailer, and was lorn
J'lwii in 18G7, on the building of the present sheriif'.s
re-ddcMce and jail.

Present Jail.— In August, 1860, a committee was
•■'I'pointi'd by the freeholders to procure plans for a
'ifiv jail, and in the next February the contract was
31

given to I). 15. and W. C. Whitekar for twenty-two
thousand eight hundred and thirty-nine dollars. The
plan adopted is a fine residence for the shcriH', forty
by twenty-two feel, two stories and attic higli in front,
.ind fifty-two by seventeen feet in the rear, and two
stori-.\s liigh; a jaU joining the sherill's h-iuse in the
rear, lifty by forty-tliree foet, with the cells built iri
the middle and a corridor separating them from the
outer wall, and a division wall dividing the jail into
two parts; the cells, twelve in e:'.ch part, built in two
tiers of six cells each, each cell five and one-half by
seven and one-half feel in size, and the same i]i licij;ht.
The work was completed in the fall of X^itt .

In ls70 an addition was built to the shcrilV's resi-
dence for a cook kitchen, twenty-two by eighteen
feet, and two stories liigli, at a cost of over one
thousand dollars.

County Offices. — The need of some public o!3ic<?s
for the clerk aud. ^urrogate of the county bei?anie
more appaient as their duties and tlie reiords in their
charge increased, and in 3Iay, 1S14, the fieeholders
resolved to build othces with fire-proof va\ilts for the
preservation of the public records, and selected the
lot now occupied for that purpose, belonging to John
Buck and Daniel P. Slratton, forty feet front and
thirty feet deep, which was conveyed to them for the
purposes of public otlices for the nomir.al sum of five
dollars, by deed dated Sept. 1, l-SJo. A one-story
building was at once erected for that pu'-jiose, at an
expense of over two thousand dollars, .John Buck
and others, in consideration of the location uf the
offices on that lot, contributing three hundred and
fifty dollars toward the expense. They were com-
pleted in 1>16. In IS-l-j another story was raised on
the clerk's and suirogate's olijces, at a costof fourteen
hundred dollars.

The size of tiie lot on which the ofliccs stand being
small, the board bought the lot in the rear and on the
east side, making a lot at this lime of forty-nine feet
front and sixty-four feet direp. The county obtuined
a deed in fee-.-:iniple from tiie heirs of Daniel P. Sitrai-
ton for their interest in the lot, on JIareli 10, 1881.
In 1^60 the existing fire-proof record rooms were
built back of the main oflices at a cost of about .-ix-
teen hundred dollars.

Iu the sjiring of ISSO an addition vas built to the
fire-proof record vault of the clerk's oflice at a cost
of six hundred and eighty-three dollars.

Poor-Hotise. — The act incorporating the board of
chosen freeholders, pa.ised Feb. 13, 171I-3, authorized
them, if they should deem it nece.-;sary, to purciis,se
or build a poor-house, at such place in the countv as
they should appoint, which poor-house sliould be
under their direction and governinrnt, and they were
authorized to appoint all needed officers. When such
a house .-iiould be purciiased or built, all (he poor of
the county were rerpiired to be sent to and kept in
such poor-house at the exjicnse of the county. Pre-
vious to this act t-ach township had take:) care of its

sno

iiiSTuiiV or crMr.r.KLANn countv

onn fii'.'^r. Tho lirst nccimnt »f :iiiy wrivi^i.Mi I'T
tliom i;! fiiuii.l ill the P.-i-orj-i of tlio cmir!- ;U ."ri'.loin
:it .Iiiiio torni, ITIJ. wlu-n. on |ii-titioii of Murv His.
of ■■ (.iriiu.i,;ri.>," s!ie bein; viry putir. ilu- c •iirt i.ruercii
.r<i!in I'lrifk :iiiJ Noaii Moure, ovorscors I'f j'Oor of
"Griiied^o," to iiiuiMt:iiii her at the chniL'e of the
preciiict.

At ilie tir^! iiuotiiij- of tlie board of froehoMcrs,
May 0. 170^, a con.iailUi' was nppoiiitC'l to ir.q'.iire
where suitable |iro|ioriy couM bo obtaiiu-:! for the
.ici-oniniocl:itioiiof the poor of the county. In .\ujru-it
this eoMiiiiittee reported that the annual cxpon-e of
the to\vn«l;ip-! in ?uppoiiin;r the poor \va<: Groeii-
with, $:i')<); Hopewell. sJnO; Stow Creek, itlC'O;
Dccrficld, .SWU; FairlioM. .^2oO; Dowiie, .?103 ;
Maurice River, $l'i3; total, $1420. They turtlier
rejiortcd tiiat the people of tb.e county, in p:onoral,
seemed pleased with the idea of a pooi-ht)use, and
that several places named were for sale, but no action
was taken. In August, 1700, n further report was
made as to properties otVered, and tlic subject post-
poned. Xothincrinorc was done until May, ISOO, when
a coniinittee was a])pointed to |iurc!i.nse a farm for a
poor-house, and in June, on their report, it wa^s re-
solved to purciia^o liie f.iriii k;iv<v.-n .-.s Morre H;-.ll,
and Xov. 27, ISOO. Alexander T. ^[oorc and v.ife
conveyed the s-anie to the board ftjr the sum of four
thousand five hundred dollars. The buildings on it
were altered, and it was ready for the reception of
the poor about June 1, ISIO. In IS-'iO and '."I at-
teni|)ls were made by the freeholders fri;m some of
the townshijis to sell the poor-house, and have the
poor again maintained by the sei'aratc lowiiahips, but
it was lo<t both times by a tie vote.

In IS'tS the amount of grain, pork, anin.als, hay,
and other produce raised on the farm and used in
the institution was .■s073.05; amount of lime, marl,
rails, grass-seed, animals, harness, windmill, hay,
cartiti;: timber for ho'j-e, waire- of hands, etc., bouglit
and used for the tarm, t^72-"'..'iS ; gain to the hou.-e,
$247.67; number of puufnTs, tJ.5. In 1S41 one hun-
dred apple-trees were ordered put out on the farm.

Present Almshouse.— In February, lijl. a ucw
poor-hou-c Was or^lered built, and u commiltee, con-
sisting of Jonathan ]:lltiier, Itoberi f^heppar'l, Charles
B. Fitliian, Cornelius Liipton. and iJaviJ V. .•"imkins,
was appointed to procure plans and make coDtrai;ts
for it. It wa< built 'Juriii-.r that year, and, with the
furniture and suitable outbuildin'.rs. tl:e whole cost
was -sOl 20.73, all of wiiich was paid I'roni the surplus
revenue fund. It is a brick structure, ninety-live by
forty-si.i: feet, three stories hi|.'h, be-ide basement.
On ea-^h floor are fourteen room~, with .i t>?ii-forit hall
running k-n_'tlittays of the building, v.ith the rooms
on laci! side of it. The rooms are large with high
ceiling-^, and well lighted and ventilaled. In the
basement are' the dining-rootns, k!!;hc:i. store-rooms,
cK^. The building stand.s on f|Uitc an elevated site,
and is a landuiark fur many miles.

In 1S70 a biiiKling lor tlu' ins:\iie p-iupurs ua- li ,
at a i.ist of .•r:J2'"j.

D>.'.vinhcr, l>7-"i. jTC-ont number of iniiiale~. >
average l"i.r the year. u\ ; ; luiinber admitted, 4-;; .;
charged, 2S ; birtli<, 1 ; ilearh^. 7.

l"nr year from .^Iay. ISTr., to >[ay, 1S77, the l-.-
cxpon-cs eorinectod witli the poor of the coimtv v
!i^l2.12">, of which s^'-S^ii ua.- for out-door relief.

In the winter of IJSo-Sl, steam-heating appar:!
wa> pl.u-cil in the building, and proved an entirL--'

1»1"-1T. .Krtliur Clark.
ISIS. .Vii.!ro« Mill»r.
1S15. UnnT SMll.fUl.
lS2'.^-4. .tolm Swinncy.
l-J-.-:7. Julin .\. M.jre.

ISJ -i;l. JaDl.i D.iir.vuil.lf
1>:.". Mirk Ay^rs.
!.Sil-.vt. Jan..« D.il i.T 1111,1 <■

TEWAKDS or TTIF. TOOR IIOLSK.

, 1S51-1.J. r.icliarj U. Killii.,t
JStl:;-io. Cli.irl.iCl.irk.

I isci;-:i. s.'^'ii'v simto.

I 1S72-73, K.L- ,r s|„ite.

1S74-7C. William II. Cciinf;
: 1S77-71. Kbcm/,r Wliil.il,-

lSM»-,-i. Shi-l'l arJ i;-.ll !mj.
' ls?3. KLeiKtor Whllakcr.

ALMSIIOISF. niYSICHNS.

l*ll-i:i. Zilo Oi;.I»n.
l.-H. i.-'.;.rl<-s Ciark.
isl.v-lu SaniiiM M. >imu

i-i7-;s. ri.iiraiij i;uok.

l>.r>-a<. Willl.-.ni S. Dowe
1. •■-_<>. wilM.ij Sl-.clinj
is4)-li. Gaarsrc ToDilliiy.
l.s!l-|.>. E|ilira'!ii Duck.
1-19. Ov«rs'T->.-.;Uiiion.
ts». WilKani ». Djwcn.
ISM-o-.'. E.lwiirJ -I. Poif
l.-'M^V.. Ki.|.r,nini Uick.
l.S;r,-5*. J. l)iirr./o I'olliT.
isvj. J. B\njn Totter.

ls.^9. I'iivor S. I
lSOiJ-0.1. J. Birr
Koliprt W.
IS'-..'. EoLirl W.
IS.;;. N"alhani.-1
iM'-l-.V.. n.burt
• lS.;6-7i\ Jostl'li
)S71 Oli.itI» II
ls7-.'-77. Jo«-|.li

W. );1t:

. Cliarlf

Sl.ellM
II. 1)1

lS^l. Clnrlpj II.

J.u"ph Shp

ISsJ Ciurge .\. I

ISSJ. ClKirks It.

C H A r T i: U L .\ X X I \'.

COUUTS, .U"DGE.r. .i>P JlsTrCES.

Tun first courts of Cumberland County were !;• i '■
at Grccnwicii, in accordance v.-itli the ap[>ointMH'i;t ■'
Governor Eelclier, on the la.-t Tuesd.iy in May. il.r
3l5t, 174S, and sat two days. Piescnl, Richard \\'n<' i-
John Ogdcn, Jo.-eph Ilceve. and John Eeniiiig:'"
judges of the ideas, and Ebenezer Miller, Jr.iin liriti.
Jr., David Ogden, J>pliraiin yeeh\v, Jo.-eph rc.»-
Tiiom,a.« Padgett, Jonathan Ilolines, J'lb .■^iieph-.r-i-
Ciiarlcs Da\ is, and Samuel Rarns, ju-ticc- of ;;■■
peace. On the ni)Xt day John T-rick, judge, '■>'■■'•
Mo-;s .Sliepherd. justice, were also present. .Vt :'.-'"
time comnii--ions were i-:sued by the Govera ir a;-
pointing judges of the Court of Common I'lea-, ^■' ''■
the ju-tices of the peace of a county, who wiTe :i-
appointed by the Governor, con-tituti d the C'Vi'. •
(Quarter ."ies.-ions. .Vt tai< .'ir-i ci.;;:; c"..i' '•-■
app.oi.'iling Klia- Colling tlcrk, and .Vtiania^ ■-•■>'
siiorifl" v.crc read. Um the iic.\t day the courl-^ "•■'■
at tlic rre<byterian imcting-ho