L I E> RARY
OF THE
U N I VERSITY
or 1 LLI NOIS
97737
?42h
ILL,|i|>,,.
j,uaiiE»
ilUKOtS liSTOStCiarSllRYtf
■h.
HISTORY
OF
ri
D HI im COUMES,
ItwEi^IMOI©
EHDITEID BY AAriLLI^3^d: ."EiElNrR.'ir I=EI^I?.I2Sr.
mLX!JSTrFi5\^KID.
(». L.
CHICAGO:
BASKIN ct CO., HISTORICAL PUBLt8HKR8,
LAKESIDE BUILDING.
1883.
A,
PREFACE.
THE history of Crawford aucl Clark Counties, after months of persistent toil and research, is
now completed, and it is believed that no subject of universal public importance or inter-
est has been omitted, save where protracted effort failed to secure reliable results. We are well
aware of our inability to furnish a perfect history from meager public documents and number-
less conflicting traditions, but claim to have prepared a work fully up to the standard of our
promises. Through the courtesy and assistance generously afforded by the residents of these
counties, we have been enabled to trace out and put on record the greater portion of the impor-
tant events that have transpired in Crawford and Clark Counties up to the present time. And
we feel assured that all thoughtful people in these counties, mw and in future, will recognize
and appreciate the importance of the work and its permanent value.
A dry statement of facts has, as far as possible, been avoided, and incidents and anecdotes
have been woven in with facts and statistics, forming a narrative at once instructive and interest-
ing.
We are indebted to Hon. E. Callahan for the chapter on the - Bench and Bar' of Crawford
County ; to Cxeorge W. Harper, Esq., for a sketch of " the pre^" and to Hon. W. C. Wilson for
valuable and important historical data ; also to Hamilton Sutton, Esq., for his very able general
history of Clark County ; to H. C. Bradsby, Esq., for the chapter on the '' Bench and Bar" of
Clark, and to many other citizens of both counties for material aid to our historians in making
the proper compilation of facts embodied in tiie work.
April, 1883. , THE PUBLISHERS.
233623
CONTENTS
PART I.
HISTORICAL.
CRAWFORD COtTNTY.
I'AOE.
CHAPTf^R I.— Introductory — Descriptive— Boundaries and
Topography— The Science of Geology— Its Influence on
Agriculture and Civilization— Geology of Crawford
County— The Coal Measures— Outcrops' of Coal— Build-
ing Stone— Its Quality and Durability— Iron Ore — Soils,
Timber, etc., etc 11
CHAPTER II.— Pre-historic Occupation of the Country-
The Mound Builders— Relics and Works of the Lost
Race— The Meroui Mounds — Earthworks and Mounds
at Ilutsonville— other Relics, etc.— The Indians— l)ela-
wares and Kickapoos— Their Position of Southern Illi-
nois—Historical Sketches of their Tribes, etc.— Local
Facts and Traditions 18
CHAPTKIE III.— Settlement of the County by White Peo-
ple—The Early French Explorers— Their Claim to Illi-
nois—Gen. Clark's Expedition to Kaskaskia— Emigrants
from the States— Fort Lamotte and the Rangers- The
Culloms and Other Pioneers— The Hutson Family —
Their Murder by Indians— Pioneer Life — Hardships
and Dangers of the AVilderness, etc 29
CHAPTER IV. — Organization of tlie County — Illin<iis a.-* a
Part of Virginia— Divided Into Counties— Act of the
IvCgislature Forming Crawford — Name of the County —
The Courts, etc.— Locating the Seat of Justice— An In-
dian Trial— Other Court Proceedings— List of (ttficers
and Representatives— Court Houses and Jails— Civil
Divisions of the County— Removal of the County Seat
— Township Organizations, etc., etc .' 37
CHAPTER v.— The Bench and Bar— Justice and Her Scales
—First Courts and What They Did — Some of the Early
Judges— Different Judicial Di.-«triets— The First Resi-
dent Lawyers— Kitchell, Janney, French, etc.— Their
Legal Ability and Social Traits— Other Lawyers of the
Couniy— The Present Bar, etc., etc 54
CHAPTER VI.— Internal Iraprovemeuts— The First Roads
and Mridges — Railroads — Coming of the Iron Horse —
The Old Wabash Valley Route— Paris and Danville— Its
Completion, Changes and Condition — East and West
Railroad Projects— The Narrow <^iauge — Value and
Economy of the System— Other Roads That Were Never
Built, and Never Will Be, etc., etc 66
CHAPTER VII.— The " Raging" Wabash- Improvement of
its Navigation — Boating in the I-^arly Times — Overflows,
I.*vees, etc. — Damage Done to the Farmers— Agriculture
— Early Mode of Opening and Cultivating Farms — Pio-
neer Plows and Hoes— Crawford County Agricultural
Society— Incorporation and List of (itficers— Horticult-
ure— The County Poor, etc., etc 7;!
CHAPTER Vin.— The County Press— Its Influence in the
Community — Newspaper Enterprises of Crawford County
— The Constitution and Argus — Educational — Pioneer
Schoolhouses and Teachers— Advantages of Education
— Scliool Statistics — Religious History — Early Preachers
— Churches Oru'anized, etc-., etc 79
f
PAGE.
CHAPTER IX.— War History— The Struggle for Independ-
ence—Our Second "Round" with John Bull— Black
Hawk and his Braves, and How We Thrashed Them—
The Mexican War — Illinois' Participation In It— War
of the Rebellion — DitJerent Regiments in which Craw-
ford County was Represented— Facts and Incidents of
the War, etc., etc 91
CHAPTER X.— Robinson Township—Description and To-
pography-General Character of the Countrv— Land
Entries— Advent ^of the Whites— Time and Place of
Settlement— Early Society— The Beginning of Agricult-
ure—Pioneer Industries and Improvements- Early
Markets, etc., etc li)7
CHAPTER XL— Robinson Villag^-The Star of Empire— A
New Town Laid Out— First Plat and Subsequent Addi-
tions—I-larly Development— Growth of liusiness Inter-
ests—The Railroad Impetus— Schools, Churches and
Benevolent Societies— Cemeteries, etc., etc ug
CHAPTER XII.— La Motte Township— General Description
and Topography — Early Settlement— Joseph La Motte
— The Eatons — Other Pioneers — Tho Seven Jesses — Ex-
tract from I'icklin's Address— Schools and Churches —
Palestine — Its Growth, Development aud Incoi-poration
— The Land Otfice — Registers and Receivers — Education-
al, Religious, etc., etc 127
CHAPTER XUL — Ilutsonville Township — Topographv—
Early Settlement— Hutson Family— Tne Barlows. New-
lins aud Hills— i )ther Pioneers— Early Trials and Troub-
les— Schools and Churches — Village of Hutsonville— Its
Situation as a Trading Point— Some of the Merchants
and Business Men- Fire, AVater, etc., etc 146
CHAPTER XIV.— Licking Township— Description, Bounda-
ries and Topography —Early Settlement- Pioneer Im-
provements ami Industries — Villages— Early Schools,
etc — Churchei aud Church Buildings KJO
CHAPTER XV.— Oblong Township — Physical Features-
Soil and Productions — The Coming of the Pioneers— De-
velopment of the Country— Early Industries— Roads and
Mil'.s— Village of Oblong — Church History — Early
Schools — Patrons of Husbandry I7;i
CHAPTER XVI.— Montgomery Township — Physical Feat-
ures, Boundaries, etc— Early Settlers and Where They
Came From— The Hurricane — Frontier Industries— A
Race for the Bottle and its Rl'suUs— The Poisoning of
Reed— Villages— Religious and Educational 18:^
CHAi'Ti:i: XVII.— Martin and Southwest Townships— Posi-
tion and I'.oundaries — Formation of Southwest — Water
Courses — Soil— Productions — Timbi-r- Pioneer Settle-
ment—Early Incidents and Industries— Life in the Wil-
derness—Early Roads— Church and School History— Vil-
lages, etc., etc i9:j
CHAPTER XVIIL— Honey Creek Township— Description
and Topography— Advent of the Pale-Faces, and their
Early Struggles— Pioneer Improvementc— Religious His-
tory— An Incident — Schools and Schoolhouses — Villages
—Parting Word-*, etc., etc 202
CONTENTS.
PAKT II.
iLARK CO U STY.
PAGE.
CHAPTER I— i;eneral Descriptiou of Clark County— To-
poeraphy and Physical Features— licology— Coal MeaB-
ur|,_The Storv 'of the Rocks— BuUding Stone— Soils,
Timber and Productions— Artesian Well— The Mound
Builders and Their Works— Indian Relics, etc., etc 210
CHAPTER II.— Early Settlements— The Pioneers and
Where They Came From— Their Hard Life, Rude
Dwellings and Coarse Clothins— Incident of a Biscuit-
Salt— Ne(;ro Slavery- An Exciting Campaign— tol.
\rcher—(i.ame—" Marks" and " lirands "—Taxation^
The Indians— Shooting Matches— ICarly Society— ( 'hm-
tianity and Pioneer Preachers— Intemperance— The
Climate, etc., etc. -"
CHAPTER in.— Organization of the County— The Legisla-
tive .'Vet Creating It— Location of the Seat of .Tustlee—
The Courts— .\urora and Darwin— Removal to Marshall
—Bitter contests— The Question Finally Settled— Di-
vision of the County into Precincts— English Tithmgs
—Township Organization— Benefit of the System, ete.... 2ib
CHAPTER IV.— Clark's First Courts and Administration
of .lustice— An Incident of Flogging- How a Sheriff
\djourued Court^OBieers and Their Pay— War His-
tory—Early Military Forces of the County— Black
Hawk— Mexican War— The Rebellion— Part Taken lu
Hawk-
it by Clark, etc., etc..
2.52
CHAPTER V.—Edueatioual— First Steps Toward Knowl-
edge-School Lauds and the Fund Derived From Them
—The Duncan School Law— Taxes for IJUieational Pur-
poses-Changes of the School Laws— First Schools of
the County- Early Temples of Le.arning and Pioneer
Teachers— Academies and Colleges— Statistics, etc., etc.. 26o
CHAPTER VI.— Internal Improveinents— The Old National
Road— How it w;is Built- Railroads— Their .Appearance
in Clark— Building of the Van.lalia Road— Wabash and
Other Railroad Projects- Conclusion, etc., etc 273
CHAPTER VII.— Bench and Bar— The Early Comers and
Who They Were — .Some Comments on the Profession-
First Lawyers— Biographies and Character Sketches-
Anecdotes of Fickliu and Linder— Other Legal liumina-
ries, etc '-'"
CHAPTER VIII.— .^farshall Township— Introductijn-To-
pography— -4n Illinois Barren— Primitive Attractions-
Early Land Entries— Origin of the Village— Pioneer In-
dustries and Improvements-Early Society, etc., ete 29.'!
CHAPTElt IX.— The City of Marshall— The Pltlt and Sub-
sequent Additions— OrRcial Organization and Progress-
Internal Improvements— Business Growth— Newspapers
—Schools and Churches— Secret and Benevolent Orders,
etc., ete -^5
CHAPTER X.— York Township — Topographical- Union
Prairie— The Pioneer Settlement of Clark County— Early
Life on the Wahash— Boating— York Village— Its Growth
and Development— The Rise of Church and School, etc.. 3.30
CHAPTER XL— Darwin Township- Description and Topog-
raphy—Walnut Prairie- First Step Toward Civilization
—Work and Play in a New Country— Sterliug-.iurora
and Darwin — County Seats — Religious, Educational, etc. 347
CHAPTER XII.— Casey Township — Boundaries-General
Topography— Soil — Streams — Early Settlement— Inci-
dents—Vigilance Committee— Pioneer Life— Condition
of the Country— Indians— Mills— Village of Cumberland
— Village f.f Casey — Secret Societies— School History-
Religious, etc., etc S$3
CHAPTER XIII.— Westfield Township — Topographical
Features— Early Immigration— Soci.al Characteristics-
Growth and Development of Settlement— Richmond—
Westfield Village— Its Rise and Progress— The College-
Churches, Ministers and Schools 377
PAGE.
CH,\PTER XIV. — Wabash Township — Configuration,
Boundaries, etc.— Early Settlement— Pioneer Society—
.Amusements— Indians— Improvements and Industries
—Villages— Churches and Schools, etc., etc 394
CHAPTER XV.— Martinsville Township— Topography-
Soil and Timber— Pioneer Settlement— National Road-
Early Hotels— Incidents— Indians— Village of Martins-
ville—Its (;rowth and Development— Mills— Secret So-
cieties—Schools-Churches 403
CHAPTER XVI. — Dolson Township — Topography and
Physical Features— The Coming of the Pioneers— Char-
acter of the People— Mills, Roads and Other Improve-
ments—Schools, Churches, etc.— Village of^Clarksville,
etc *"
CHAPTER XVII.— Anderson Township — The Lay of the
Land— Original Entries— Early Settlement— The Birch
Family— Schools and Churches 425
CII.APTER XVIIL— Orange Township— Position— Topog-
raphy—Soil and Productions— Pioneer Settlement— In-
cidents—Early Condition of Country— Pioneer Dwell-
ings—First Birth- First Marriage— Early Schools —
Church History ^^^
CHAPTER XIX.— Melrose Township— Surface Character-
istics-Timber, Growth, .Soils, etc — First Settlement
— Baekwood Experiences— Pioneer Industries— Churches
and Schools ; -139
CHAPTER XX.— .Johnson Township— Location and Bound-
aries—Topouraphv-Pioueer Settlement— Early Mills-
First Birth, Marriage, Death— Schools— Church History 448
CHAPTER XXI —ParkerTownship— Surface Features- The
First Settlers— Pioneer Industries and Improvements-
Churches and Preachers— Educational Facilities, etc 454
CH.APTER -XXIL- Auburn Township— "E Pluribus Unum"
—Its Pioneers and Organization— The "Emperor" of
.Auburn— Early Expectations— .Auburn Village— Church
and .«chooI *^^^
CHAPTER XXIII.— Douglas Township— C.eogr.aphioal Po-
sition — Settlement by the Whites— Improvements —
Distilleries, Mills and Roads— Schools, Sehoolhouses,
Churches, etc.- Village of Castle Finn 46o
PART III.
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.
CLARK COUNTY.
Mai-shall Township ^
Wabash Township 2,
Casey Township '7
Martinsville Township 1"*
Johnson Township Jji
ParkerTownship ]*"
Westfield Township }»*
Darwin Township J°"
York Township J'"
Melrose Township '™
Auburn Township f^
Douglas Township...., 5"°
Dolson Township -'"
Orange Township f-^
Anderson Township ■ •• ; ■..■ :•■ -"
Additional Sketches— Received too late tor insertion m
proper place -^°
PABT IV.
BIOGR.APHIC.AL SKETCHES.
CRAWFORD COVNTY.
Robinson Township 225
Hutsonville Township 260
La Motte Township ^95
Montgomery Townsjiip J'-°
Oblong Township ^^^
Martin and Southwest Township 3o7
Honey Creek Township "^8
Licking Township '•^'^
CONTEXTS.
PonXRAlTS.
PAfiE.
Archer, W. I! 225
Bishop, Kzekiel ■W
Hraabiiry, J. s 243
Hradlev, R. II 261
Callahan, E 03
Cox,l!ryant. 189
Crews, W. .T 2"9
Praper, \V. L ]ȣ
I'irebaugh, I.L ■Jl''
Fox, .lohn 333
C.oldell, J. .7 *'l
Harlan, .1 3G9
Harlan, Lucinda •'•'*'
PAGE.
Harper, G. W 81
Hill, Doctor 405
Hippard, (i 423
Hurst, John R 153
Jones, William C 99
Reavill, Andrew J 441
Euddell, Martha 459
Steel, James II U7
Sweariugcn, S. G . 27
Talbott, John 171
Tavlor, Henry Part HI. 17
Wilson, W. C 207
Woodworth, A. P Part IV. 23S
Woodworth, J. S 13S
I
PART I.
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
CHAPTEE I*
INTRODUCTORY-DESCRIPTIVE— BOUNDARIES AND TOPOGRAPHY— THE SCIENCE OF GEOL-
OGY—ITS INFLUENCE ON AGRICULTURE AND CIVILIZATION— GKOLOGY OF
CRAWFORD COUNTY-THE COAL MEASURES-OUTCROPS OF
COAL-BUILDING STONE-I'l'S QUALITY AND DURABIL-
ITY—IRON ORE— SOILS, TIMBER, ETC., ETC.
" If the events of the past are buried in the waste
of ages, there are no landmarlis by which to trace the
track of tim", and no means of understanding the
influences which have molded human destiny.'' —
Diclcey.
THE earliest records of humanity are found
in the Sacred Scriptures, and for that rea-
son have a strong claim on our diligent study.
Next to inspired history, our own town, our
own county, our own State, and our own com-
mon country, and the deeds of our forefathers,
who first. settled and improved the land we
call our own, should receive our notice. The
history of our age and our locality comes
home to us personally. Commonplace as it
may seem to us now, in the ages to come it
will help to make up a whole; increasing in
interest as time reels off the centuries, one
*By W. H. Perrln.
after another. It is the actions and deeds of
the citizen which speak through some repre-
sentative whose talent for becoming their ad-
vocate has given him a fame justly to be
shared by his cotemporaries, and of these,
county history is to speak. They constitute
the delicate tracery and details of the historic
landscape destined some day to be as grand
as it is distant. Just as the setting sun bathes
every object he leaves behind with a fresher
beauty, and more attractive interest, so in-
scribing upon the historic page glowing views
of past scenes, affords a richer enjoyment than
when those scenes were enacted. This power
of reproduction compensates for the flight of
time and the decay of the physical powers.
In the annals of a community, fathers being
dead, yet speak, and the old man still living
loves to rehearse the scenes of his early days.
To preserve from oblivion the scenes and the
12
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
facts and incidents which have transpired in
this secti.jii of the country, is the object of
this volume.
Not long ago, comparatively, as to the
woikl's chronology, this vast domain, which
Columbus promised to give to his king, was
an unbroken wilderness, the undisputed home
and hunting-ground of savage men. Of this
promised land Crawford County comprises but
a small and inslgnillcant portion, and its his-
tory, since the advent of the pale-face pioneer,
is brief and soon told. But there is a page
which comes before this, and like the prologue
to a drama should be recited first. It is a
page which treats of a science that traces the
history of the earth back through successive
stages of development to its rudlmental con-
dition in a state of fusion. The history of any
country properly begins with its geological
formations, for it is upon them that it depejids
for the pursuits of its inhabitants and the
genius of its civilization. Phases of life and
modes of thought are induced by them, which
give to different communities and States char-
acters as various as the diverse rocks that un-
derlie them. It is no less true that the moral
and intellectual qualities of man depend on
material conditions. For instance, where the
soil and subjacent rocks are profuse in the
bestowal of wealth, man is indolent and eifem-
inate; where elfort is required to live he be-
comes enlightened and virtuous; and when
on the sands of the desert labor is unable to
procure the necessaries and comforts of life
he lives a savage.
" Fifty years ago," says a writer on the sub-
ject, " no popular belief was more fixed than
that the work of creation was accomplished in
six days, each occupying twenty- four hours.
Geologists, however, in investigating the
structure of the earth, saw that, to account
for all the mutations which it has undergone
required the lapse of an indefinite period of
time, stretching back so far remote as to defy
computation. To this requirement every in-
telligent investigator of this day assents.
Geologists now find that the antiquity of man
far antedates the era assigned to his creation
by the received system of chronology, and
submits the evidence of their belief to an en-
lightened public sentiment. In the silent
depths of stratified rocks are the former cre-
ations of plants and animals, and even of hu-
man remains, which lived and died during the
slow dragging centuries of their formation.
These fossil remains are fragments of history,
which enables the geologist to extend his re-
searches far back into the realms of the past,
and not only determine their former modes of
life, but study the cotemporaneous history of
their rocky beds, and group them into sys-
tems."
There is an intimate relation existing be-
tween the physical geography and the geo-
logical history of every portion of the earth's
surface; and in all cases the topographical
features of a country are molded by, and
therefore must be, to some extent at least, a
reflection of its geological structure, and the
changes it has undergone from the surface
agencies of more modern times. The varied
conditions of mountain and valley, deep
gorge and level plain, are not the results of
chance, but on the contrary, are just as much
due to the operations of natural laws, as the
rotation of the earth, or the growth and con-
tinued existence of the various species of
plants and animals which inhabit its surface.
Moreover, all the varied conditions of the
soil and its productive capacities, which may
be observed in different portions even of our
own State, are traceable to causes existing in
the geological history of that particular re-
gion, and to the surface agencies which have
served to modify the whole, and prepare the
earth for the reception and sustenance of the
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
13
existing races of beings.* Hence we see that
the geological liistory of a country determines
its agricultural capacities, and also the ainount
of population which it may sustain, and the
general avocation of its inhabitants.
In the topography and geology of Craw-
ford County, we extract most of our facts
and information from the new geological
survev of the State, recently published, and
which does full justice to these subjects. It
says: " Crawford County contains seven full
and several fractional townships, making an
aggregate area ol about 438 square miles. It
is bounded on the north by Clark County, on
the east by the Wabash river, on the south
by Lawrence and Richland Counties and on
the west by Jaspar County. It is located on
the western side of the Wabash river, and is
traversed by several small streams tributary
thereto. The surface is generally rolling,
and was orlginallv mostly covered with tim-
ber, a large portion of which, however, has
been cleared away and the land brought
under cultivation, though there is still re-
maining an abundance of timber to supply
the present and also the prosjiective demand
for many years. The southwest portion of
the county from the Shaker Mills on the Em-
l^arras river, nearly to Robinson, is quite
broken, and there are also belts of broken
land of greater or less extent on all the
streams. The principal water-courses in the
county tributary to the Wabash river are the
Emljarras, which runs diagonally across the
southwestern corner of the county; the North
Fork, traversing its western border from
nnrth to south; Crooked Creek, also in the
southwest part, and Brushy Fork, Lamotte
Creek, Sugar Creek, Hutson Creek and a few
other smaller streams in the eastern portion
of the county. But a small proportion of the
land is prairie. The few prairies are gener-
*Worthen.
ally small, and for the most part rolling, and
are mainly confined to the northern and west-
ern portio IS of the county, and to the bottom
and terrace lands adjacent to the Wabash
river."
GeolofJi/.— "The quarternary beds in Crawford
County consist of bulF or drab marly clays
belonging to the Loess, which are found cap-
ping the bluffs of the Wabash, and attaining
a thickness of ten to twenty feet or more, and
from twenty to forty feet of brown gravell)'
clays and hard-pan, the latter resting upon the
bed-rock, or separated from it by a thin bed of
stratified sand or gravel. If these beds were
found in a vertical section they would show the
following order of succession: Buff anl drab
marly clays or sand, ten to twenty feet; brown
and yellow gravelly clays, fifteen to twenty
feet; bluish-gray hard-pan, ten to twenty-five
feet; sand or gravel three feet. Generally
these superficial deposits are thin, and at most
places the bed-rock will be found within fifteen
or twenty feet of the surface. Small bowlders
are frequently met with in the branches, but
large ones are quite uncommon, and they are
more frequently derived from the limestone
and hard sandstone of the adjacent coal meas-
ure beds than from the metamorphic rocks
beyond the confines of the State, though some
of the latter may be seen.
Coal Measures. — " The stratified rocks of
this county all belong to tlie upper coal meas-
ures, the lowest beds appearing in the beds of
the Wabash river and the highest along the
western borders of the county, and include the
horizon of coals Nos. 11, 12 and 13 of the Illi-
nois Section. The only knowledge that we
have of the underlying formations is derived
from a shaft, and boring made at Palestine
Landing. The shaft was sunk to reach a coal
seam reported in a boring previously made to
be four feet thick, and at a depth of 123 feet.
The bore was made about a mile and a half
northwest of the shaft, and commenced fifteen
14
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
feet below a thin coal wh'ch outcrops in the hill
above. It was made for oil, duriiio^ the oil
fever, and no great reliance can be placed in
the reported thickness or character of the
strata penetrated. The shaft was sunk to the
horizon of a coal seam reported four feet thick
in the bore, but on reaching it in the shaft it
proved to be two feet of bituminous shale and
six inches of coal. If any reliance can be
placed on the reported section of this boring,
it must have passed through coals Nos. 10, 9
and 8 of the general section of the Illinois Coal
Measures, and it is noticeable that in the shaft
sunk at the landing, they found two thin beds
of limestone over the coal at the bottom of
the shaft, coal No. 9, showing that although
this limestone has thinned out very much
from what its outcrop shows in Clark County,
it has, nevertheless, not quite disappeared.
This coal was reported in the boring at four
feet, without any recognition of the bitumi-
nous shale above it, while in the shaft that
■was sunk down to this horizon in the antici-
pation of linding a good seam of coal, the bi-
tuminous shale proved to be two feet thick
and the coal only six inches. The rotten
coal No. 27 in the section heretofore referred
to, probably represents coal No. 8, which in
Gallatin County is from 50 to 75 feet above
No. 7, though no trace of the latter was re-
ported in the bore. The coals intervening
between Nos. 8 and 15 are seldom found of
sufficient tbickness to be worked to advan-
tage except when it can be done by stripping
along their outcrops, and here they are of but
little value as a resource for fuel. In the
western portion of the county but little coal
has been found, and only in a single mine,
hereafter to be mentioned, has there been any
attempt to mine for c al in a systematic way.
The exposure in the bluffs just below Pales-
tine Landing show the following beds: No.
1, covered slope of Loess and Drift, fifteen
to twenty feet; No. 2, shelly brown lime-
stone, with fossils, two feet; No. 3, bitumi-
nous shale and thin coal. No. 12, one to two
feet; No. 4, sand shales and sandstone, forty-
five to fifty feet: No. 5, bitura nous shale,
with numerous fossils, two to three feet; No.
6, coal No. 11; No. 7, liard, dark gray bitu-
minous limestone, two to three feet; No. 8,
shale, sixteen to twenty feet. The shelly
brown limestone, No. 2 of the foregoing
section, contains numerous fossils among
which were recognized Spirifer camratus,
Productus cortatus, P. punctatus, P. patten-
ianus, P. longispinus, Chonetes Fleminffii,
joints and plates of Crinoids, Ordis Pecosi
and some undetermined forms of bryozoa.
Further west in the county, and in Lawrence
also. No. 12 coal is overlaid bv a buff calcar-
eous shale, in which Orthis Pecosi and Lo-
f)ltiiphyUmn proUferum are conspicuous.
" The bituminous shale, No. 5 of the above
section was found well exposed at the bridge
on Lamotte Creek, on the road from Palestine
to the landing, and the following group of
fossils were obtained from it at this locality:
Pleurotomoria, Aphmurluta, B. percariuta,
P. tabulata, P. GraynlleurU, Bellerophon
carbonaiiance, etc., corresponding with the
beds at Lawrenceville and Grayvilie. Nu-
merous bands of carbonate of iron occur in
the shales at the base of the above section,
both on Lamotte Creek and in the river bank
at Palestine Landing.
" Robinson is located on a sandstone de-
posit overlaying all the rocks found in the
bluffs at Palestine Landing, indicating a de-
cided dip of the strata to the westward. The
outcrops of sandstone on the small branch of
Sun-ar Creek, which drains the section on
which the town is built, show from fifteen to
twenty feet in thickness of soft brown rock,
in which a few small quarries have been
opened. This portion of the bed affords
shales, and thin-bedded, rather soft brown
sandstone, with some thicker beds toward the
IIIs^TOUY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
]5
baso of the outcrop, which are ratl-.cr inacces-
sible from tlie amount of strijipinp^ required
to reach them, as well as from the fact that
thej- are partly below the water level in the
branch. At Isaac C. Hole's place, north of
Robinson, on the northeast quarter of Section
16, Township 7, Range 12, more extensive
quarries have been opened in this sandstone,
and a much greater thickness of strata is ex-
posed. The quarries are on a branch in the
timber, but there is almost a continuous out-
crop along the branch, nearh' to the prairie
level, showing the following succession of
strata: Shaly sandstone, becoming thicker-
bedded and harder toward the bottom, and
containing broken plants, thirty to forty feet;
massive brown sandstone, (main quarry rock)
eight to ten feet; ferruginous pebbh' bed,
three feet. The massive brown sandstone
quarried here is locally concretionary, the
concretions being much harder than other
portions of the bed, and afford a very durable
stone. This sandstone, with the shales usually
associated with it, probably attains a maxi-
mum thickness of sixty to eighty feet, and
fills the intervening space between coals Xos.
12 and 13 of the general section. It has been
penetrated in sinking wells on the prairie in
many places north and northwest of Robinson .
Law's coal bank, formerly known as Eaton's
bank, is on the southwest part of the north-
east quarter of section 12, township 7, range
13. The coal is a double seam, about three
feet thick, with a parting of bituminous shale
from two or three inches to two feet in thick-
ness. It is overlaid here by shale and a hard7
dark, ash-gray limestone, desti|Hte of fossils.
One mile up the creek from this mine the
coal is said to pass into a bituminous shale.
The coal obtained here is rather soft, and
subject to a good deal of waste in mining;
but as the mine was not in operation there
was no opportunity of judging of its average
quality. A section of the creek bluff at the
mine shows the following order: Gravelly
clays of the drift, ten to fifteen feet; hard,
dark, ash-gray limestone, one to one and a
halffi-et; hard, siliceous shales, with nodules,
half a foot; coal, with shale parting, three
feet. A boring was made here by the propri-
etor, and a thicker seam was reported to have
been found some forty feet below; but if this
report is correct, the sandstone usually inter-
vening between coals Nos. 12 and 13 is here
much below its average thickness, and no
such coal is known to outcrop in the county.
However, local coals are sometimes developed
which onlv cover very limited areas, and this
may be a case of that kind.
" Four miles southwest of Robinson, a bed
of hard, dark-gray bituminous limestone out-
crops in the bed of Turkey Creek, and has
been quarried for building stone, for which
purpose it is but poorly adapted, as it splits
to fragments after a limited exposure to the
elements. The rock occurs in a single
stratum about eighteen inches thick, overlaid
by a brown calcareous shale, filled with nod-
ules of argillaceous limestone. The shale
contained numerous specimens of Lnpho-
p/iyllum proliferum, associated with joints
Z/entioidea. The foundation stone for the
court house at Robinson was obtained here.
This limestone may overlay a thin coal, but
it could not be learned that any seam had
been found in this vicinity. In the west&rn
portion of the county outcrops arc rare, and
so widely separated that no continuous sec-
tion could be made.
" On section 4, in Hutsonville township, at
W. D. Lamb's place, a bed of limestone is
found underlaid by five or six feet of blue
shale and a thin coal. In a well sunk here the
limestone was found to be live feet in thick-
ness, a tough, fine grained, dark-grayish rock,
containing no well preserved fossils. On Mr.
Evans' place, just over the line of Clark
County, on section 31, township 8, range 12,
15
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
heavy masses of limestone are to be seen
along the creek valley. It is a massive, gray,
brittle rock, and contains Athyris suhtillta,
Spirifer cameratus and Froduotus longispri-
nus. A mile and a half further up the creek
this limestone is found in place, and is
burned for lime by Mr. Drake. These lime-
stones belong, probably, below the sandstone,
■which is found at Robinson and at Hole's
quarry. At Lindley's mill, on the northwest
quarter of section 7, township 8, and range
13, a hard, dark gray limestone was found in
the bed of the creek, only about two feet in
thickness of its upper portion being exposed
above the creek bed. A quarter of a mile
south of the mill, at Mr. Reynolds' place, coal
is mined by stripping along the bed of a
branch. The coal is from 15 to 18 inches,
overlaid by two or three feet of blue shale, and
a grav limestone filled with large Product),
Athyrus subtilita, etc., Productus costatus,
with its long spines, seemed to be the most
abundant species. This limestone, and the
underlying coal, it is believed, represents the
horizon of the upper coal in the bluff at
Palestine landing, and No. 13 of the general
section.
"At Martin's mill on Brushy Fork, near the
south line of the county, the limestone and
shale found at the Lamotte Creek bridge, and
also at Lawrenceville, representing the horizon
of coal No. 11, is well exposed. The upper
bed is there about a quarter of a mile from
the creek, and at a somewhat higher level ap-
parently, than the sandstone. No. 2 forming
the top of the bluff; but the intervening space
could not be more than ten to fifteen feet.
Pockets of coal were found here in the con-
cretionary sandstone; but although dug into
for coal, they proved to be of very limited
extent. The micaceous sandstone No. 3 of
the section, affords some very good building
stone, and some of the thin layers are distinctly
ripple-marked. The calcareous shale afforded
numerous fossils of the same species found
at the Lamotte Creek bridge.
" At Mr. Nettles' place, on the northeast
quarter of section 2i, township 5, range 12,
coal has been mined for several years. The
coal is about eighteen inches thick and has a
roof of fine black slate, resembling cannel coal,
nearly as thick as the coal itself. The black
slate is overlaid by two or three feet of cal-
careous shale, containing Orthis Pecosi, Jiet-
zia Mornio)ii, and joints and plates of ZiCii-
noidea. This coal is probably the same as
that near the top of the hill at Palestine land-
incr, and No. 13 of the Illinois section. Prof.
Cox reports the following outcrop in the
county: In the hill east of the Shaker mill,
section 33, township 5 and range 12, a soft
yellowish massive sandstone, forming cliffs
along the ravines, and in places wethering
into rock houses, or over-like cavities. Sec-
tion here is as follows: soft and covered space,
five feet; flag2:y sandstone in two to eight
inch layers, eight feet; solid-bedded sand-
stone, thirteen feet. Sandy shales, flagstones
and an occasional showing of massive soft sand-
stone, form the prominent geological features
of the southern and western portions of the
county. Around Hebron, four miles south of
Robinson, massive sandstone forms cliffs fif-
teen to twenty feet high, probably a contin-
uation of the rocks seen at the Shaker mill.
Two miles and a half southeast of Bellair is
the following section, at Goodin's coal bank:
Slope of the hill, twenty feet; hard blue argil-
laceous shale, ten feet; coal breaks in small
frao-ments, one to one and a half feet. This
mine is worited by a shaft. A quarter of a
mile below, on Willow Creek, the same seam
is worked on Mr. Matheney's place by strip-
pino-, where the coal is of the same thickness.
This coal must be as high in the series as
No. 13 or 14 of the general section and may
be the coal mined near Newton and New
Liberty, in Jasper County.
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
j7
Coal. — "As stated in a precedinrr pa^-c, all
the stratified rocks in tlie county, belong
to the upper coal measures, extending from
coals No. 11 to 14 inclusive; and as these
seams are usually too thin to be worked in a
regular way, no valuable deposit of coal is
likely to be found outcropping at the surface
in the county. The seam at Mr. Law's place
northeast of Robinson, is said to attain a lo-
cal thickness of three feet, and may be suc-
cessfully mined, when the coal is good.
When the demand for coal shall be such as
to justify deep mining, the lower coals may
bo reached at a depth of from four to six
hurulrt'd feet. Their nearest approach to the
surface is along the Valley of the "Wabash
river, and the depth would be increased to
the westward by the dip of the strata and the
elevation of the surface.
Huilding Stone. — " The best building stone
to be found in the county comes from the
heavy bed of sandstone above coal No. 12,
which outcrops at various places in the coun-
ty, and especially at Mr. Hole's quarries, north
of Robinson. At some locations, a fair arti-
cle of thin bedded micaceous sandstone is
found between coals 11 and 13, as at Mar-
tin's mill, on Brushy Fork, near the south line
of the county. These sandstones afford a
cheap and durable material for foundation
walls, bridge abutments, etc. The limestone
four miles west of Robinson, that was used in
the foundation walls of the court house, is
liable to split when exposed to the action of
frost and water; and although seeming hai^
and solid, when freshly quarried, will not
withstand exposure as well a»he sandstone,
if the latter is carefully selected. The lime-
stone at Reynolds' coal bank, near Lindley's
mill, stands exposure well, and will afford a
durable building stone.
Iron Ore. — " The shales associated with
coal No. 11 usually contain more or less car-
bonate of iron, and at the locality below the
bridge on Lamotte Creek, near Palestine
landing, the quality seemed to be sufficient
to justify an attempt to utilize it. The shale
in the bank of the creek shows a perpendic-
ular face of fifteen to twenty feet, and the
bands of ore toward the bottom of the bed
would afford from twelve to eighteen inches
of good ore in a thickness of about six feet of
shale. At the river bank just below the land-
ing, this shale outcrops again, and the iron
nodules are abundant along the river bank,
where they have been washed out of the
easily decomposed shale. Good brick clay
can be found in the sub-soil of the uplands,
and sand is found both in the Loess deposits
of the river bluffs, and in the beds of the
streams."
Soil and Timber. — From Hutsonville south
there is a belt of alluvial bottom and terrace
land, from one to three miles in width, ex-
tending to the mouth of Lamotte Creek, a
distance of about ten miles. This is mostly
prairie, and the soil is a deep, sandy loam,
and very productive. The upland prairies
have a chocolate-colored soil, not so rich as
the black prairie soils of Central Illinois, but
yielding fair crops of corn, wheat, oats, clover,
etc. On the timbered lands the soil is some-
what variable. Where the surface is broken
the soil is thin, but on the more level portions
where the growth is composed in part of black
walnut, sugar tr(>e, linden, hacki)erry and
wild cherry; the soil is very productive, and
yields annually large crops of all the cereals
usually grown in this latitude.
The varieties of timber observed in this
county are the common species of oak a)id
hickory, black and white walnut, white and
sugar maple, slippery and red elm, honey lo-
cust, linden, hackberry, ash, red birch, cotton-
wood, sycamore, coffeenut, black gum, pecan,
persimmon, pawpaw, red fliorn, crab apple,
wild pl.um, sassafras, red bud, dogwood, iron
wood, etc., etc.
CHAPTER II.*
PRE-HISTORIC OCCUPATION OF THE COUNTRY— THE MOUND BUILDERS— RELTCS AND
WORKS OF THE LOST RACE— THE MEROM MOUNDS— EARTHWORKS AND MOUNDS
AT HUTSONVILLE— OTHER RELICS. ETC.-THE INDIANS— DELA WARES
AND KICKAPOOS— THEIR POSSESSION OF SOUTHERN ILLI-
NOIS—fflSTORICAL SKETCHES OF THEIR TRIBES,
ETC —LOCAL FACTS AND TRADITIONS.
" The verdant, hills
Are covered o'er with growing grain,
And white men till the soil
Where once the red man used to reign."
LONG ago, before this country was pos-
sessed by the red Indian, it was occupied
by another race — the Mound Builders — wliose
works constitute the most interesting class
of antiquities found in the United States.
These relics and works of a lost race, ante-
date the most ancient records, and their cliar-
acter can only be partially gleaned from the
internal evidences which the works them-
selves afford. Of the strange people who
reared them, we know absolutely nothing be-
yond conjecture. If we knock at their tombs,
no spirit comes back with a response, and
only a sepulchral echo of forgetfulness and
death reminds us how vain is the attempt to
unlock the mysterious past upon which ob-
livion has fixed its seal. How forcibly their
bones, moldering into dust in the mounds
they heaped up, and the perishing relics they
left behind them, illustrate the transitory
character of human existence. Generation
after generation lives, moves and is no more;
time has strewn the track of its ruthless
march with the fragments of mighty empires;
and at length not even their names nor works
*By W. H. Pei-rin.
have an existence in the speculations of those
who take their places.
Modern investigations have thrown much
light upon the origin of the human race. A
writer upon the pre-historio period, savs:
"The combined investigations of geologists
and ethnologists have developed facts which
require us to essentially modify our pre-exist-
ing views as to the length of time during
which the human race has occupied our
planet. That man lived at a time far too re-
mote to be embraced in our received system
of chronology, surrounded by great quadru-
peds which have ceased to exist, under a
climate very different from what now prevails,
has been so clearly demonstrated that the
fact must now be accepted as a scientific
truth. Revelations so startling, have been
received with disquiet and distrust by those
who adhere to the chronology of Usher and
Petarius, which would bring the various mi-
grations of men, the confusion of tongues,
the peopling of continents, the development
of types, and everything relating to human
history, within the short compass of little
more than four thousand years.
" Those great physical revolutions in Eu-
rope, such as the contraction of the glaciers
within narrow limits, the gradual change of
the Baltic from salt to brackish water, the
submergence and subsequent elevation of a
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
19
large portion of southern Russia and northern
Germany, the conversion of a portion of the
bod of the Mediterranean Sea into the desert
of Sahara, the severance of France from En-
gland, Europe from Africa and Asia from
Europe, by the Straits of Dover, Gibralter
and the Dardanelles, and the dying out of the
volcanic fires of Auvergne — all these great
physical changes which geologists, by univer-
sal consent, admitted were infinitely older
than any authentic history or tradition, must
now be comprehended in the Human Epoch."
Says Sir John Lubbock: "Ethnology is
passing through a phase from which other sci-
ences have safely emerged, and the new
views in reference to the Antiquity of Man,
though still looked upon with distrust and
apprehension, will, I doubt not, in a few years,
be regarded with as little disquietude as are
now those discoveries in astronomy and geol-
ogy which at one time excited even greater
opposition." However strange these new
views may appear, they but prove the origin
of man at a time, as previously stated, far too
remote to be embraced in the " received sys-
tem of chronology." Speaking of the ruins
of the magnificent cities of Central America,
Davidson says: "The mind is almost startled
at the remoteness of their antiquity, when
we consider the vast sweep of time necessary
to erect such colossal structures of solid ma-
sonry, and afterward convert them into the
present utter wreck. Comparing their com-
plete desolation with the ruins of Baalbec,
Palmyra, Thebes and Memphis, they must
have been old when the latter were being
built."
The relics and ruins left by the Mound
Builders — the lost race which now repose un-
der the ground — consist of the remains of
what were apparently villages, altars, temples,
idols, cemeteries, monuments, camps, fortifi-
cations and pleasure grounds. The farthest
of these discovered in a northeastern direc-
tion was near Black River, on the south side
of Lake Ontario. From this point they ex-
tend in a southwestern direction, by way of
the Ohio, the Mississippi, the Gulf of Mexico,
Te.xas, New Mexico and Yucatan, into South
America. Commencing in Cattaraugus Coun-
ty, N. Y., there was a chain of these forts
and earthworks, extending more than fifty
miles southwesterly, and not more than four
or five miles apart, evidently built by a people
"rude in the arts and few in numbers."
Particularly in the Ohio and Mississippi Val-
leys are located many of these works, and
some of the most extensive known to exist.
" One of the most august monuments of re-
mote antiquity," says Foster, " to be found in
the whole country^, may stdl be seen in West
Virginia, near the junction of Grave Creek
and the Ohio River. According to actual
measurement it has an altitude of ninety
feet, a diameter at the base of 100 feet,
at the summit of forty-five, while a partial
examination has disclosed within it the ex-
istence of many thousands of human skele-
tons." In the State of Ohio, at the mouth of
the Muskingum, among a number of curious
works, was a rectangular fore containing forty
acres, encircled by a wall of earth ten feet
high, and perforated with openings resem-
bling gateways. In the mound near the fort
were found the remains of a sword, which
appeared to have been buried with the
owner. Resting on the forehead were found
three large copper bosses, plated with silver,
and attached to a leather buckler. Near the
side of the body was a plate of silver, which
had perhaps been the upper part of a copper
scabbard, portions of which were filled with
iron rust, doubtless the remains of a sword.
The earthwoiks which seem to have been
erected as means of defense, usuaiy occupy
hill-tops and other situations easily fortified,
to put it in modern terms. In Ross County,
Ohio, is a fair illustration of this class, and is
20
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
thus described by Squier and Davis, two emi-
nent archaeologists: "This work occupies
the summit of a lofty, d it lolied hil!, tw Ive
miles westward from tlie city of Cliillicothe,
near th.i viihige of Bjunieviile. The hill is
no; far from Oiie h.indred feet m perpendicular
height, and is remarkable, even among the
steep hills of the west, for the general abrupt-
ness of its sides, which at some points are ab-
solutely inaccessible. * * * * 'pijg jp.
fenses consist of a wall of stone, which
is carried round the hill a little below the
brow; but at some places it rises, so as to
cut off the narrow spurs, and extends across
the neck that connects the hill with the
range beyond." Nothing like a true wall,
however, exists there now, but the "present
appearance is rather what might have
been expected from the falling outward of
a wall of stones, placed, as this was, upon
the declivity of a hill." The area inclosed by
this wall was 140 acres, and the wall itself
was two miles and a quarter in length. Trees
of the largest size now grow upon these ruins.
On a similar work in Highland County, O.iio,
Messrs. Squier and Davis found a large chest-
nut tree, which they supposed to be 600 years
old. " If to this we add," they say, " the
probable period intervening from the time
of the building of this work to its abandon-
ment, and the subsequent period up to its
invasion by the forest, we are led irresistibly
to the conclusion that it has an antiquity of at
least one thousand years. Bat when W3
notice, all around us, the crumbling trunks of
trees, half hidden in the accumulating soil,
we are induced to fix on an antiquity still
more remote."
At Merom, Indiana, are works of a very
interesting character, which have been
thoroughly investigated and described by
scientists. These works have yielded a num-
ber of skulls, which, says Foster, " will form
the basis of certain ethnic speculations as to
the character of the Mound Builder, and his
affiliation with other distinct and widely
disseminated peoples." Mr. F. W. Putnam
thus describes them: "The fort is situated
on a plateau of Loess, about 120 feet in height
ar)ove low water, on the east bink of the
river. On the river side, the bank, which
principally consists of an outcrop of sand-
stone, is very steep, and from the western line
of the fortification, while deep ravines add to
its strength on the other side; the weak
points being strengthened by earthworks.
The general course of the work is from the
north, where it is very narrow, not over fifty
feet, owing to the formation of the plateau,
south along the river bank aliout 725 feet to
its widest portion, which is here about .S75
feet east and west. From this point it follows
a deep ravine southerly about 4130 feet to the
entrance end of the fort. The bank trav-
ersed by the entrance road is here much
wider than at other portions, and along its
outer wall, running eastward, are the remains
of what was evidently once a deep ditch. The
outer wall is about thirty feet wide, and is
now about one and a half feet high; a de-
pressed portion of the bank, or walk-way,
then runs parallel with the outer wall, and
the bank is then contiinud for about twenty
feet further into the fort, but of slightly less
height than the front. Through the center of
these banks there are the remains of a dis-
tinct road-way, about ten feet in width.
From the northeastern corner of this wide
wall the line continues northwesterly about
350 feet, along the eastern ravine, to a point
where there is a spring, and the ravine makes
an indenture of nearly 100 feet to the south-
west. The mouth of the indenture is about
75 feet in width, and the work is here
strengthened by a double embankment. The
natural line of the work follows this indent-
ure, and then continues in the same northerly
course along the banks of the ravine to the
HISTORY OF CRAWFOUD COUNTY.
21
narrow portion of tlie plateau, about 550 feet,
to the starting point. There is thus a con-
tinual line, in part natural and in part artifi-
cial, which, if measured in all its little ins and
outs, would not be far from 2,-150 feet. Be-
sides the spring mentioned as in the indent-
ure of the eastern ravine, there is another
spring in the same ravine, about 175 feet to
the north of the first, and a third in the south-
western corner of the work. Looking at all
the natural advantages offered by this loca-
tion, it is the one spot of the region, for sev-
eral miles along the river, that would be se-
lected to-day for the erection of a fortification
in the vicinjty, with the addition of the pos-
session of a small eminence to the north,
which in these days of artillery would com-
mand the fort. Having this view in mind, a
careful examination was made of the eminence
mentioned, to see if there had been an op-
posing or protective work there, but not the
slightest indication of earthwork fortification
or mounds of habitation was discovered. *
* * * On crossing the outer wall, a few
low mounds are at once noticed, and all
around are seen large, circular depressions.
At the southern portion of the fort, these de-
pressions, of which there are forty-five in all,
are most numerous, thirty-seven being located
on the northern side of the indenture of
the eastern ravine. These depressions
vary in width from ten to twenty-five or
thirty feet, and are irregularly arrangeil.
One of the six depressions opposite the
indenture of the eastern ravine is oval in
shape, and is the only one that is not nearly
circular, the others varying but a foot or two
in diameter. Two of these depressions were
dug into, and it was found that they were
evidently once large pits that had gradually
been filled by the hand of time with the ac-
cumulation of vegetable matter and soil that
had been deposited by natural action alone.
In some instances large trees are now grow- .
ing in the pits, and their many roots make
digging difficult. A trench was dug across
one pit, throwing out the soil care'fully until
the former bottom was reached at a depth of
about five feet. On' this bottom, ashes and
burnt clay gave evidence of an ancient fire;
and at a few feet on one side, several pieces
of pottery, a few bones of animals, and one
stone arrow-head were found. A spot had
evidently been struck where food had been
cooked and eaten; and though there was not
time to open other pits, there is no doubt but
that they would tell a similar story; and the
legitimate conclusion to he drawn from the
fact is, that these pits were the houses of the
inhabitants or defenders of the fort, who were
probably further protected from the elements
and the arrows of assailants by a roof of logs
and bark or boughs. The great number of
the pits would show that they were not for a
definite and general purpose; and tlioir reg-
ular arrangement would indicate that they
were not laid out with the sole idea of acting
as places of defense; though those near the
walls of the fort might answer as covers, from
which to fire on an opposing force boyond the
walls; and the six pits near the eastern indent-
ure, in front of three of which there are traces
of two small earth- walls, would strengthen
this view of the use of those near the em-
bankment. The five small mounds ware sit-
uated in various parts of the inclosure. The
largest was nearly fifty feet in diameter and
was probably originally not over ten feet in
height. It had been very nearly dug away
in places, but about one fifth of the lower
portion had not been disturbed. From this
was exhumed one nearly perfect human skel-
eton, and parts of several others that had
been left by former excavators. This mound
also contained several bones of animals, prin-
cipally of deer, bear, opossum and turtles;
fragments of pottery, one arrow-head, a few
flint chips and a number of thick shells of itnios.
22
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUXTY.
two of which hii'l been bored near the hino^e.
This mound has yielded a number of human
bones to the industry of Dr. H. Frank Har-
per. The second mound, which was partly
opened, was some twenty-five feet in diame-
ter and a few feet in heijjht, though probably
once much higher. In this a number of bones
of deer and other animals were found, sev-
eral pieces of pottery, a number of shells and
a few human bones. The other three mounds,
one of which is not over ten or twelve feet
in diameter and situated the farthest north,
were not examined internally. The position
of all the mounds within the inclosure, is
such as to suggest that they were used as ob-
servatories; and it may yet be questioned if
the human and other remains found in them
were placed there by the occupants of the
fort, or are to be considered under the head
of iiitntsioe burials by the later race. Per-
haps a further study of the bones may settle
the point. That two races have buried their
dead within the inclosure is made probable
by the finding of an entirely different class of
burials at the extreme western point of the
fortiftcation. At this point Dr. Harper, the
year previous, had discovered three stone
graves, in which he found portions of the
skeletons of two adults and one child. These
graves, the stones of one being still in place,
were found to be made by placing thin slabs
on end, forming the sides and ends, the tops
being covered by other slabs, making a rough
stone coffin in which the bodies had been
placed. There was no indication of any
mound having been ere 'ted, and they were
placed slightly on the slope of the bank. This
kind of burial is so distinct from that of the
burials in the mound, that it is possible that
the acts mav be referred to two distinct races
who have occupied the territory successively,
though they may prove to be of the same
time, and simply indicate a special mode,
adopted for a distinctive purpose."
We have devoted considerable space to the
Merom Mounds, from the fact that their near
proximity renders them of peculiar interest in
the history of Crawford County, more espe-
cially, as another group of mounds on the
west side of the Wabash, near Hutsonville,
were investigated and described by the party
to whom we are indebted for the foregoing
description of the works near Merom. Of the
mounds near Hutsonville, the same authority
says: "A group of fifty-nine mounds is to be
seen a few miles Up the river from Merom, on
the Illinois side at Hutsonville. The relative
position and size of the mounds are shown by
a cut from a plan made by Mr. Emerton.
This group commences just beyond the river-
terrace, and widens out to the east and west,
covering a distance of about 1,000 feet from
the mound on the extreme east to that furthest
west, and continues southward, back from the
river, on the second or prairie-terrace, some
1,400 or 1,500 feet. The greater number of
the mounds forming the group are situated in
the northern half of the territory covered,
while only ten are on the south of this central
line. The mounds are very irregularly dis-
posed over the territorv included in the limits,
and vary in size from fourteen to eighteen
feet to forty-five or fifty in diameter, and are
now from a foot and a half to five feet in
height, though probably formerly much higher.
Four of the mounds at the southern portion of
the group were surrounded by a low ridge,
now somewhat indistinct, but still in places
about a foot in height. These ridges are com-
posed of dirt, evidently scooped -up from
round the base of the mounil, as between the
ridge and the mound there is still a slight and
even depression. The ridges about the
southernmost mounds have openings nearly
facing each other, while the one to the north
of them has the ridge broken on both the
eastern and western sides, and the one stdl
further to the north has the ridge entire.
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
23
"In referring to this group of mounds I
have called them mounds of habitation, and it
seems as if that was most likely to have been
their use. First, from the character of the
surrounding country, which is level, and only
some twenty-five or thirty feet above the
present level of the river, with every indica-
tion of a clear, damp soil in former times,
though the part now under cultivation is cov-
ered with a heavy growth of trees, several
large trees even growing immediately on
some of the mounds. ^Yhat would be more
natural to persons wishing to avail themselves
of this tenace-prairie and proximity to the
river, than to make a mound on which to erect
their dwelling?
" Socondiv, their great variation in size and
irre2;ularity in positiou would indicate that a
number of persons had got together for some
common purpose, and each family working
with a common view to provide for certain
ends, had erected a mound, varying in size
according to the number at work upon it, or
the degree of industry with which its makers
worked during the time at their disposal.
"Thirdly, four of the mounds were most
carefully examined, to ascertain if they were
places of burial, one of them being opened by
diaro-ino- a trench through it some three or
four feet in width, and to a depth of about
one to two feet below the level of the surface
on which the mound was built. The other
three were opened from the top, by digging
down in the center until the original under-
lined surface was reached. None of these ex-
cavations brought a single bone or an imple-
ment of any kind to light, but, on the con-
trary, showed that the mounds had been made
of various materials at hand, and in one case
ashes were found which had probably been
scraped up with other material and thrown
upon the heap.
"Fourthly, the ridge surrounding four of
the mounds may be the dirt thrown up to help
support a palisade or stake fence enclosing
these particular mounds for some special pur-
pose. The absence of human remains and
all refuse in the shape of kitchen heaps, as
well as implements, would seem to indicate
that it w.is a place of resort at special seasons,
or for some particular purpose. That the
mounds are of quite ancient date there can
be no question; but beyond the fact that at
least a second growth of trees has taken place
on some of them, we have no data for indi-
cating their age."
There are no other mounds or earthworks,
so far as we have been able to learn, in the
county. But in many portions of the Slate
they are numerous, and in some very large.
Between Alton and East St. Louis there is a
group containing some sixty odd structures in
which is included the great mound of Ca-
hokia, which is denominated the " monarch of
all similar structures in the United States."
But our space will not admit of further de-
scription of the works and relics left by this
strange people — works that contain no in-
scriptions which, like those found on the
plains of Shinar, or in the valley of the Nile,
can unfold the mysterious of by -gone centu-
ries. The questions, who were the Mound
Builders? who reared these mysterious struct-
ures? have never been satisfactorily answered.
We can only exclaim with Bryant —
" A race that long has passed away
Built them, a disciplined and populous race,
Heaped with long toil the earth, while yet the Greek
Wiis hewing the Pentelicus to forms
Of syuim 'try, and reaving on its rock
The glittering Parthenon."
Following the Mound Builders, and sup-
posed by some writers to have been their
conquerors, came the red Indians, the next
occupants of this country. They were found
here by the Europeans, but how long they
had been in possession of the country, there
is no means of knowing. Like their precur-
24
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
Bors, the Mound Builders, " no historian has
preserved the story of tlieir race." Tlie
question of the origin of the Indian has long
interested archasologists, and is one of the
most difficult they have been called on to
answer. It is believed by some that they
were an original race indigenous to the
Western Hemisphere. A more common sup-
position, however, is that they are a derivative
race, and sprang from one or more of the
ancient peoples of Asia. In the absence of
all authentic history, and even when tradition
is wanting, any attempt to point out the par-
ticular theater of their origin must prove un-
satisfactory. The exact place of their origin,
doubtless, will never be known, yet the
striking coincidences of physical organization
between the oriental types of mankind point
unmistakably to some part of Asia as the
place from whence they emigrated. Instead
of 1,800 years, the time of their roving in the
wilds of America, as determined by Spanish
interpretation of their pictographic records,
the interval has perhaps been thrice that pe-
riod. Scarcely three thousand years would
suffice to blot out every trace of the language
they brought with them from the Asiatic
cradle of the race, and introduce the present
diversity of aboriginal tongues. Like their
oriental progenitors, they have lived for cent-
uries without progress, while the Caucasian
variety of the race, under the transforming
power of art, science and improved systems
of civil polity, have made the most rapid ad-
vancement. At the time of their departure
eastward a strong current of emigration
flowed westward to Europe, making it a great
arena of human effort and improvement.
Thence proceeding further westward, it met,
in America, the midway station in the circuit
of the globe, the opposing current direct from
^sia. The shock of the first contact was the
beginning of the great conflict which has
since been waged by the rival sons of Shem
and Japheth.*
The first thought of the red men, when
hostilities commenced on the Atlantic border,
was to retire westward. Fiom the eastern
shores of the continent they were pressed
backward toward the setting sun, strewing
their path with the bones and skeletons of
their martyred warriors. They crossed the Al-
leghanies, and, descending the western slope,
chanting the death-songs of their tribe, they
poured into the Mississippi Valley. Halting
upon the prairies of the"Illini," amid the
forests that bounded the southern streams
and shaded the luxurious valleys, the warlike
Delawares and the bloodthirsty Kickapoos
made the last home of their own choosing.
How long they occupied this section of the
State, is not definitely known, for no rude
pyramid of stone or " misshapen tomb," with
traditional narratives transmitted by heredi-
tary piety from age to age, tell the exact pe-
riod of time when they first planted their
wigwams on the banks of the Embarras and
the Wabash. It is enough to say, however,
that they were not allowed to remain here in
peace. From across the ocean the colonists
of a new and powerful people came, and ef-
fected a lodgment at isolated spots within
hearing of the roar of the Atlantic surf.
They grew into a great multitude, and like
the little stone cut out of the mountains by
unseen hands, were rolling on as a mighty
avalanche, overv;helming all in its way. In
the early glimmering of the nineteenth cent-
ury, the Indians were forced to take up their
line of march from southern Illinois, nor al-
lowed to pause, until far beyond the great
Father of Waters.
The Indians occupying this portion of Illi-
nois, when the first actual settlers came to
* Davidson.
HISTOR'i OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
the territory, were the Delawares and Kicka-
poos, with occasional small bands from other
tribes. The Delawares called themselves
Jjcnno Lenape, which signifies " original " or
"unmixed" men. "When first met with by
Europeans," says Gallatin, " they occupied a
district of country bounded easterly by the
Hudson River and the Atlantic; on the west
their territories extended to tiie ridge sepa-
rating the flow of the Delaware from the other
streams emptying into tlie Susquehanna
River and Ciiesapeake Bay." The Delawares
had been a migratory people. According to
their own traditions, many hundred years ago,
they resided in the western part of the conti-
nent; thence, by slow emigration, they
reached the Alleghany River, so called from
a nation of giants, the " Allegewi," against
whom they (the Delawares) and the Iroq\iois
(the latter also emigrants from the west) car-
ried on successful war; and still proceeding
eastward, settled on the Dela,ware, Hudson,
Susquehanna, and Potomac Rivers, making
the Delaware the center of their possessions.
By the other Algonquin tribes the Delawares
were regarded with the utmost respect and
veneration. They were called "fathers,"
" grandfathers," etc.*
The Quakers who settled Pennsylvania
treated the Delawares in accordance with
the rules of justice and equity. The result
was that, during a period of sixty 3'ears, peace
and the utmost harmony prevailed. This is
the only instance in the settling of America
by the English, where uninterrupted friend-
ship and good will existed between the col-
onists and the aboriginal inhabitants. Grad-
ually, and by peaceable means, the Quakers
obtained possession of the greater . part of
their territory, and the Delawares were in the
same situation as other tribes — without lands,
' Taylor's History.
without means of subsistence, and were
threatened with starvation.
The territory claimed by the Delawares
subsequent to their being driven westward
from their former possessions, by their old
enemies, the Iroquois, is established in a
paper addressed to Congress, May 10, 1779,
from delegates assembled at Princeton, N. J.
The boundaries as declared in the address
were as follows: " From the mouth of the
Alleghany River at Fort Pitt, to the Venango,
and from thence up French Creek, and by
Le Bceuf (the present site of ^yaterford,
Penn.) along the old road to Presque Isle,
onthe east; the O'lio River, including all the
islands in it, from Fort Pitt to the Ouabache,
o?i the south; thence up the River Ouabache
to that branch, Ope-co-mee-cah, (the Indian
name of White River, Indiana,) and up the
same to the head thereof; from thence to the
headwaters and springs of the Great Miami,
or Rocky River; thence across to the head-
waters of the most northeastern branches of
the Scioto River; thence to the westernmost
springs of the Sandusky River; thence down
said river, including the islands in it and in
the little lake (Sandusky Bay), to Lake Erie,
on the west and northioest, and Lake Erie, on
the north." These Ijoundaries contain the
cessions of lands made to the Delaware Nation
by the Wyandotts, the Hurons, and Iroquois.
The Delawares, after Gen. Wayne's signal
victory in 1794, came to realize that further
contests with the American colonies would be
worse than useless. They, therefore, submit-
ted to the inevitable, acknowledged the su-
premacy of the whites, and desired to make
peace with the victors. At tlie close of the
treaty at Greenville, made in 1795 by Gen.
Wayne, Bu-kon-ge-he-las, a Delaware chief
of great inOuence in his tribe, spoke as fol-
lows: "Father, your children all well under-
stand the sense of the treaty which is now
concluded. We experience daily proofs of
26
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
your increasing kindness. I hope we mav all
have sense enough to enjoy our dawning
happiness. All who know me, know me to
be a man and a warrior, and I now declare
that I will, for the future, be as steady and
true; friend to the United States as I have,
heretofore, been an active enemy."
This promise of Bu-kon-ge-he-las was
faithfully kept by his people. They evaded
all the eiforts of the Shawanee prophet, Te-
cumseh, and the British, who endeavored to
induce them, by threats or bribes, to violate
it. They remained faithful to the United
States during the war of 1812, and, with the
Shawaneos, furnished some very able war-
riors and scouts, who rendered valuable serv-
ice to the United States during this war.
After the Greenville treaty the great body of
Delavvares removed to their lands on White
River, Indiana, whither some of their people
had preceded them, while a large body of
them crossed the Wabash into Southern Illi-
nois. They continued to reside on White
River and the Wabash, and their branches,
until 1819, when most of them joined the
band emigrating to Missouri, upon the tract
of land granted by the Spanish authorities in
1793, jointly to them and the Shawanese.
Others of their number who remained behind,
scattered themselves among the Miamis,
Pottavratomies and Kickapoos, while others,
including the Moravian converts, went to
Canada.
The majority of the nation, in 1829, settled
on the Kansas and Missouri Rivers. They
numbered about 1,000, were brave, enterpris-
ing hunters, cultivated lands and were
friendly to the whites. In 1853 they sold the
Government all the lands granted them, ex-
cepting a reservation in Kansas. During the
late Rebellion, they sent to the United States
army 170 out of their 200 able-bodied men.
Like their ancestors, they proved valiant and
trustworthy soldiers.
The Kickapoos, who also dwelt in this por-
tion of the State, were but a remnant of a
once powerful tribe of Indians. The follow-
ing bit of history contains some items of in-
terest: In 1763 the Kickapoos occupied the
country southwest of the southern e.xtremity
of Lake Michigan. They subsequently
moved further south, and at a more recent
date dwelt in portions of the territory on the
Mackinaw and Sangamon Rivers, and had a
village on Kickapoo Creek, and at Elkhart
Grove, from which they roamed southward
hunting game. They were more civilized,
industrious, energetic and cleanly than the
neighboring tribes, and, it may also be added,
more implacable in their hatred of the Amer-
icans. They were among the first to com-
mence battle, and the last to submit and
enter into treaties. Unappeasable enmity
led them into the field against Gens. Harmar,
St. Clair and Wayne, and to be first in all
the bloody charges on the field of Tip-
pecanoe. They were prominent among the
Northern Nations, which, for more than a
century, waged an exterminating war against
the Illinois Confederacy. Their last hostile
act of this kind was perpetrated in 1805,
against some poor Kaskaskia children whom
they found gathering strawberries on the
prairie above the town which bears the name
of their tribe. Seizing a considerable num-
ber of them, they fled to their villages before
the enraged Kaskaskias could overtake them
and rescue their offspring. During the \'ears
1810 and 1811, iij conjunetion with the Chip-
pew.is, Pottawatomies and Ottawas, they
committed so many thefts and murders on
the frontier settlements that Gov. Edwards
was compelled to employ military force to
suppress them. When removed from Illi-
nois they still retained their old animosities
against the Americans, and went to Texas,
then a province of Mexico, to get beyond
the jurisdiction of the United States.
~T*
' W I
lOj V( fytl-JL Coi-VhyP L^iyO
CHAPTER III.*
SETTLEMENT OF THE COUNTY BY WHITE PEOPLE-THE EARLY FRENCH EXPLORERS-
THEIK CLAIM TO ILLINOIS-GEN. CLARK'S EXPEDITION TO KASKASKIA-EMI-
GRANTS FROM THE STATES-FORT LAMOTTE AND THE RANGERS—
THE CULLOMS AND OTHER PIONEERS-THE HUTSON FAM-
ILY—THEIR MURDER BY INDIANS-PIONEER
LIFE— HARDSHIPS AND DANGERS
OF THE WILDERNESS, ETC.
' As some lone wanderer o'er this weary world
Oft sits him down beneath some friendly shade,
And backward casts a long and lingering look
O'er the rough journey he has thus far made
So should we pause "
AS the Indians succeeded the Mound Build-
ers in this territory, so the Anglo-Saxons
followed close in the footsteps of the retreat-
ing savages. The first white people who laid
claim to the country now embraced in tiie
State of Illinois were subjects of vine-clad
France. The interest which attaches to all
that is connected with the explorations and
discoveries of the early French travelers in
th(^ Northwest but incr(!ases with the rolling
years. A little more than two centuries ago,
such men as ^Marquette, La Salle, Joliet, De
Frontenac, Hennepin, the Chevalier de Trull,
Ciiarlevoix, and other Frenchmen, traversed
the territory now embraced in the great State
of Illinois, and made settlements along the
Mississippi, Illinois and Wabash Rivers. Upon
many trees and stones were to be seen the
impress of thojieur de lis of France, and Kas-
kaskia, Cahokia and Vincennes became enter-
prising French towns, surrounded by flourish-
ing settlements. The sainted Marquette dis-
covered the " Great Fatlier of Waters," and
spent years of toil and labor and privation
*By W. H. Perrin.
in explorations, and in christianizing the na-
tives, then laid down his life, with no kind
hand to " smooth his dying pillow," other
than his faithful Indian converts. La Salle
penetrated to the mouth of the Mississippi,
and there, on the shores of the Mexican Gulf,
alter planting the royal standard of France,
and claiming the country in the name of his
king, was basely and treacherously murdered
by his own followers.
For almost a hundred years (from 1080) this
country was under French dominion. But in
the great struggle between France and Eng-
land, known in our history as the "old French
and Indian War," it was wrested from France,
and at the treaty of Paris, February 16, 1763,
she relinquished to England all the territory
she claimed east of the Mississippi River,
from its source to Bayou Iberville; and "the
Illinois country" passed to the ownership of
Great Britain. Less than a quarter of a cent-
ury passed, however, and England was dis-
possessed of it by her naughty child, who had
grown somewhat unfdial. In 1778, Gen.
Georire Rogers Clark, a Revolutionary officer
of bravery and renown, with a handful of the
ragged soldiers of freedom, under commission
from the governor of Virginia, conquered the
country, and the banner of the thirteen colonies
floated in the breeze for the first time on the
banks of the Mississippi. Thus in the natural
30
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
course of events, the lilies of France drooped
and wilted before the majestic tread of the
British lion, who, in his turn, quailed and
cowered beneath the scream of the American
eao-le. The conquest of Gen. Clark made
Illinois a county of Virginia, and wrested it
forever from foreign rule. This acquisition
of territory lirought many adventurous indi-
viduals hither, and southern Illinois soon be-
came the great center of attraction. But a
few years after Clark captured Vincennes
and kaskaskia, emigrants began to cross the
Wabash, and to contest the red man's title to
these fertile lands.
As to the motives which set journeying
hither so many people from the States south
of the Ohio, we confess to have been moder-
ately curious, until fully enlightened by a
thorough investigation. Many of them had
not reached life's meridian, but they were
men inured to toil and danger. They were
hopeful, courageous, and poor in actual worth,
but rich in possibilities; men with iron nerves,
and wills as firm as the historic granite upon
which the Pilgrim Fathers stepped from the
deck of the Mayflower, in 1020. Illinois was a
territory when the first settlers came, reposing
under the famous ordinance of 1787, and many
of these pioneers have left their record, that
they sought homes here because the land would
not be blemished by negro slavery; or, that
civil and social distinctions would be yielded
only to those who owned " niggers." A fat
soil, ready for the plow, cheap lands and a
temperate climate, were not peculiar to Illi-
nois, or to Crawford County. For the grand
simplicity of their lives and their sturdy
virtue, these early settlers got recognition
and fame, as Enoch Arden did — after death.
They had been brought up, many of them,
amid " savage scenes and perils of war,"
where the yell of the Indian and the howl of
the wolf were the principal music to lull
them to sleep in their childhood and youtii.
Such were the men who formed the advance
guard — the picket line of the grand army of
emigrants that were to follow, and people
and improve the great northwest. They ac-
complished the task assigned them, and have
passed away. The last of the old guard are
gone, and many of their children, too, have
followed them to that " bourne whence no
traveler returns."
We can not write history as a blind man
goes about the streets, feeling his way with a
stick. The facts are transparent, and through
them we catch gleams of other facts, as the
raindrop catches light, and the beholder sees
the splendor of the rainbow. We are to
speak of common men, whose lot was to
plant civilization here, and who, in doing it,
displayed the virtues which render modern
civilization a boast and a blessing. These .
early times can not be reproduced by any
prose of a historian. They had a thousand
years behind them, and in their little space
of time they made greater progress than ten
centuries had witnessed. Theirs was a full
life; the work thirty generations had not
done, they did, and the abyss between us of
to-day and the men of seventy-five years ago
is wider and more profound than the chasm
between 1815 and the battle of Hastings.
They did so much that it is hard to recognize
the doers; they had a genius for doing great
things. That olive leaf in the dove's beak
perished as do other leaves, but the story it
told is immortal. Of their constancy, one
can judge by the fact that none went back to
their ancestral homes. They "builded wiser
than they knew," and the monuments of their
enernry and perseverance still stand in per-
petuation of their memory.
The only history worth writing is the his-
tory of civilization, of the processes which
made a State. For men are but as coral,
feeble, insignificant, working out of sight,
but they transmit some occult quality or_
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
31
'power, upheave society, until from the moral
and intellectual plateau rises, as Saul, above
his fellows, a Shakespeare, a Phidias or a
lliimilton, the royal interpreters of the finest
sense in poetry, in art and statesmanship.
At the last, years color life more than cent-
uries had, as the sun rises in an instant,
tiioutrh he had beeu hours in hastening to
this moment.
The French, as we have shown, were the
first white people who possessed this country.
The first regular settlements made in the
present county of Crawford, were in and
around Palestine. There is a tradition, that
the first settlers found an old Frenchman
named Lamotte, living near the margin of the
prairie which still bears his name. But little,
however, is known of him, or hia residence
here. One fact there is, which is borne out
by the records of the county, that Lamotte
owned considerable lands on this side of the
Wabash, but whether he lived here is by
some deemed problematical. As Vincennes
was, however, a French town, from whence
many of its people came into Illinois, there is
no just ground for controverting the state-
ment that Lamotte actually lived in what is
now Crawford County, especially when we
reflect that Lamotte Prairie, Lamotte Creek
and Fort Lamotte, the latter the site of Pal-
estine, all bear his name. There were a few
French families among the early settlers of
the county, but eventually we believe most of
them returned to the east bank of the Wa-
bash, or removed to Kaskaskia and St. Louis.
It is not known with perfect certaintv at
the present day, who was tha first actual set-
tler from the States to locate within the pres-
ent limits of the county. The first deed re-
corded in the clerk's office is dated December
10, ISlO, and is from .John Dunlap, of Edwards
County, to Samuel Harris, but it is beyond
dispute that there was a considerable settle-
ment here several years prior to that time.
The following families, so far as we can learn,
were among the first settlers: The Eatons,
Van Winkles, McGahoys, ' Kitchells, Wood-
worths, Culloms, Woods, Isaac Hutson, Dr.
Hill, the Lagows, Brimberrys, Wilsons, Wal-
drops, Piersons, Houstons, Kennedys and the
Newlins. The Eatons are believed to have
been here as early as 1809, and very gener-
ally admitted to have been the first actual
settlers though no one can definitely settle the
point now. There were Benjamin, Joseph,
John, Stephen and Richard Eaton. They
were genuine pioneers and frontiersmen, and
were in the fort at Palestine. They dis-
agreed with some of the other inmates of the
fort, withdrew from it and built another fort
at some distance, which received the name
of Fort Foot, in consequence of the fact that
the Eatons possessed extraordinarily large
feet. The McGaheys (Allen and David) are
supposed to have come to the country in
iS09 or ])erhaps in 1810; Dan and Green
Van Winkle also came about 1810; the
Woods in 1811, and Hutson in 1812. Isaac,
Joseph and William Pierson came perhaps
the same year. The others mentioned all
came in early — prior to 1818, and several of
them became prominent in the history of the
county, as more particularly detailed in other
chapters of this volume. Woodworth was
the second sheriff of the county; the Mc-
Gaheys served in the legislature and in other
positions, while the Lagows and Houstons
were also active citizens, as elsewhere noticed.
The Kitchells were perhaps the most prom-
inent among the early families in the county.
The names of Joseph and Wickliffe Kitchell
are not only connected with the history of this
county, but with that of the State. They
were from Virginia and possessed much of
the social qualities and cordiality of manners
characteristic of the old Virginia type of
gentleman. As Attorney-General of the
State, in the State Senate and legislature.
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNT V.
and in the land office, they left their impress.
More will be said of them in connection with
the court and bar.
Edward N. Cullom, next to the Kitchells,
was one of the most prominent of the early
settlers, and has a son, Leonard D. Cullom,
still livincr in Lawrenceville, 111. Mr. Cul-
lom landed at Palestine November 25, 1814,
or rather at Fort Lamotte, where Palestine
now stands. We are informed by Mr. Leon-
ard Cullom, whom we visited at his home in
Lawrenceville, that when his father's family
arrived at Fort Lamotte, there were then
within its protecting walls twenty-six fami-
lies, and ninety rangers, who were stationed
there for the purpose of guarding these isolat-
ed settlers. This blockhouse or fort had been
erected here about the commencement of the
war of 1812, and the rangers quartered in it
were under the command of Capt. Pierce
Andrew, a frontier officer. Mr. Cullom now
only remembers, among those living in the
fort, the following families: Isaac and Sam-
uel Brimberry, Thomas and James Kennedy,
the Batons, the Shaws, .Joseph Waldrop and
two sons — William and .John — the Garrards,
the Woods, David Shook and a man named
Harding. The latter was " skin dresser," and
a rather disagreeable man in his family. Mr.
Cullom calls to mind a circumstance in which
Harding figured conspicuously, in the day>
when they were "forted." Harding, for
whipping his wife, was taken by the rangers
and shut up in his " skin-house," a house
■where he was in the habit of smoking and
drying his skins, and put through much the
same process for indulging in such family
pastimes.
Edward N. Cullom eame from Waj'ne
County, Ky., making the trip in wagons, the
principal mode of transportation at that time.
He raised a number of stalwart sons, some of
whom were prominent men as well as their
father in the county. They were Francis,
William, Leonard D., Edward N., Thomas
F., and George W. Leonard was 14 years
old when his father came to the county, and
George W. was the only one of his sons born
in the new home.
Mr. Cullom was a man of considerable
prominence in the county, and served in a
number of responsible positions. When he
came here he bought the land on which the
fort stood (including the improvement on it)
for $4.1(5 per acre. The improvement had
been made by Brimberry. He bought and
entered other lands until he owned several
thousand acres. The first summer Cullom
raised a large crop of corn, and the winter fol-
lowing he loaded a flat boat with corn, and
took it to New Orleans. It was the first boat
that ever went out of the Wabash River from
the Illinois side. He paid S150 for the boat,
and at New Orleans, sold it and the cargo for
$1,:S00 in money; then made his %vay home
overland through the " Indian Nation," as it
was then known. His money was in two
$500 "post notes," as they were called, or
bank drafts, and the remainder in specie.
That was an enormous sum of money lor those
days, and Cullom was considered a very rich
man. He laid it out mostly in lands, and be-
came one of the largest land owners in South-
ern Illinois. In later years, however, he lost
the large part of it by going the security of
others, and died comparatively a poor man.
The following comjirises many of the early
settlers of the county, though it is by no means
a complete list: Edward N. Cullom and his
sons, John Dunlap, Edward H. Piper, Joseph
Malcom, John Malcom, George W. Kinkade,
Joseph Cheek, Isaac Moore, James Gibson,
Thomas Gill, John Cowan, Thomis Handj',
William Lockard, John Allison,William How-
ard, Charles Neely, George Catron, James
Caldwell, James Ray, Isaac Parker, Arthur
Jones, James Shaw, Smith Shaw, S. B. A. Car-
ter, Chester Fitch, David Porter, Jan Martin, J.
IIISTOUV OF CRAWFOUD COUNTY.
Gallon, John Garrard, Ulialkev Draper, Joha
Berry, Isaac Gain, George W. Carter, John
Mills, ^yillialn Hugh Miller, Jacob Blaze,
William Y. Hacket, James Gill, Abram Coon-
rod, William Lowe, Seth Gard, Peter Keene,
Samuel Harris, William Ashbrook, John Gif-
I'ord, Asahel Haskins, William Barber, John
Small, Thomas Westfall, D. Mcllenry, Jona-
than Young, E. W. Kellogg, Al.irk Snipes,
Samuel Baldy, John H. Jackson, James Dol-
son, Thomas Trimble, David Stewart, Aaron
Ball, Henry Gilliam, Daniel Funk, Enoch
^V'ilhite, Ze])haniah Lewis, John Cobb, Will-
iam Jones, John Sackrider, Jacob Helping-
steine, George Calhoun, William Highsmith,
Jeremiah Coleman, William McDowell, James
Boatwright, Daniel Boatwright, John W. Bar-
low, Bottsl'ord (^omstock, George Boher, JojI
Phelps, Cornelius Taylor, William Gray,
George Wesner, John C. Alexander, William
Magill, Benjamin Myers, John Boyd, Asa
Norton, Sewell Goo^lrich, etc., etc. These
])ioneors will receive ample notic3 in the his-
tory of the several townships of the county.
The settlement has been given in this connec-
tion in a general way, but in other chapters it
will be more fully noticed. Our aim here has
been merely to show the different possessors
of the soil, and the succession in which they
followed each other.
When the first settlements were made in
this region, there were still many Indians
roaming through the country, as stated in a
previous chapter. They were generally
friendly toward tHe whites, except for a
short period during the war of 1813, when
they became somewhat excited and com-
mitted depredations upon the whites, such
as stealing horses and other stock, and in a
few instances, murdering their pale-faced
neighbors. The saddest instance of this kind
that ever occurred in what is now Crawford
County, was the mur ler of the Hutson fam-
ily, who lived a few miles south from where
Hutsonville now stands, and which was
somewhat as follows: Isaac Hutson was a
native of Oliio and removed from Chillicothe
in 1811 to Indiana, locating in the present
counly of Sullivan, and in what is now Tur-
man Township. Indians were plenty in that
region, and some of them were hostile. A
block-house or rude fort was erected in the
Turman settlement for the protection of the
few whites then living there. Hutson, one
day, crossed the river and visited the section
now known as Lamotte prairie; and being
attracted by its beauty and fertility, resolved
to at once move hither. Accordingly, in the
latter part of the winter of 1813 he built a
cabin at the north end of the prairie, to which
he moved his family in the spring. A man
named Dixon settled near bj', about the same
time. Hutson at once began preparations for
a crop. His family consisted of a wife and
six children, the eldest a girl of perhaps six-
teen. One day in April, Hutson went to Pal-
estine to mill, and did not get started for
home until nightfall. When about half wav
to his cabin, he noticed an unusual light in
the direction of it. Fearing the worst, he
threw his sack of meal from his horse and
urged him forward at full speed. Upon near-
ing his house, his worst fears were realized.
His entire family had been murdered by a band
of Indians; and to complete the ruin and des-
olation, they had sot fire to his dwelling.
Frantic with grief and despair, he rode sev-
eral times around the ruins, calling wildly the
names of his wife and children. There was
no one left to tell the bereaved father how
his loved ones had perished. He could
only realize the heart-sickening truth that
all had perished. A few roc's from the
burning building, lay the body of Dix-
on, mutilated almost beyond rccog h.on.
His breast had been cut o[)en and his heart
taken out and placed upon a pole which
was planted in the ground near by. Satisfy-
34
HISTORY OF cmAWFORD COUNTY.
ing himself that the havoc was complete,
Hutson made his way to Turmaii's, havino;
swam the Wabash, which place he reached
about midnight.
Hutson was a fine type of the frontiers-
man. He was above six feet high, a man of
great strength and possessed of extraordinary
powers of endurance. He was an adven-
turer and knew no law beyond his own will
and his own ideas of right. Having lost all
for which he cared to live, he swore revenge;
and to this end, joined the army at Fort Har-
rison, near where Terre Haute now stands.
Shortly after he had joined the army, one of
the sentinels reported that he had seen an
Indian in the grass, some half a mile below
the fort. A party was sent out to recon-
noiter, among whom was Hutson. Arrived
at the designated spot, it was discovered that
quite a party of savages had been there dur-
ing the previous night. The trail led off to
a thicket of brush wood a short distance
away. The officer in command rashly deter-
mined to make an attack, without any attemjjt
to discover the exact wliereabouts of the en-
emy, or their number and position. Hutson
was placed in the front, but distrusting the
speed and power of his horse, asked an-
otlier position. The officer reproached him
with cowardice, when Hutson dashed for-
ward, calling on the men to follow, declaring
that he could go where any one else could,
and leaving the officer in the rear. Upon
approaching the wood, they were fired on,
and Hutson receiving a ball in the forehead,
fell from his horse dead.
The name of Hutson is preserved in the
beautiful little town of Hutsonville, and of
Hutson Creek, which flows near by where he
had reared his lonely cabin.
Another incident is related of a man
named James Beard, being murdered by
Indians in that portion of the county now
embraced in Lawrence County, just about the
close of the war of 1813. Beard was plow-
ing in the field one day, anil the Indians
having become incensed at him for some
cause stole upon him, and shot him at his
plow. Beard, who was a large man, ran to
where one Adams, a nephew, was cutting
bushes, and told him he was shot, when
Adams, notwithstanding the giant size of
Beard, picked him up and carried him to the
house. A Frenchman named Pierre Devoe,
lived near by, and when asked to go and
help guard Beard's house during the night he*
refused. His wife, a large and rather mascu-
line looking woman, when her husband re-
fused, declared she would go, and taking up
an ax called out to " Come on," she " was
ready." But the Indians made no further
attack on the house.
Mr. Leonard Cullom relates the following:
During the time of "forting" at Palestine,
Isaac Brimberry and Thomas Kennedy, who
generally went by the name of the " Buck-
eye Coopers," went up to " Africa's Point,"
as it was called, on the Wabash, after some
timber. They discovered signs of Indians
and went back to the fort and reported the
same, when a squad of men was sent out to
look after them. They divided into two par-
ties, one going on in advance and the other
acting as a reserve corps. When near the
spot where the signs had been seen, they
found a number of Indian canoes pulled up
out of the water. Instead of consolidating
their numliers and proceeding with caution,
the foremost party kept on fully exposed, and
were soon fired upon by the savages. Lathrop,
Price, and Daniel Eaton were killed, and Job
Eaton and John Waldrop were wounded, but
succeeded in escaping and making their way
back to the fort. The "rear guard," when
they heard the firing, instead of going to the as-
sistance of their comrades, "fell back in good
order," and returned to the fort, conscious
that discretion was the better part of valor.
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
35
Such were some of the trials anil dangers
to which the early settlers were exposed, in
the development of this country. But upon
the close of the war of 1812, the savages of
southern Illinois buried the hatchet, and
peace reigned among the scattered settle-
ments. Though the savages rose in other
sections of the State, and clouds of war
gathered in the horizon, they rolled away
without bursting upon this community.
When peace was fully restored to the country
in 1815, the population began to rapidly in-
crease in the Wabash Valley, and gradually
to extend out over the country. In subse-
quent chapters the progress of these settle-
ments, as we have already stated, will be
fully detailed, together with all events of in-
terest pertaining to them.
The Indian troubles were not the only
drawbacks met with in the early history of
Crawford County. The settlers were mostly
poor, and all had come here with the desire
to better their fortunes. They came with a
meager outfit of this world's goods, expecting
to increase their stores and provide a home
for their old age. Some came in frontier
wagons drawn by horses or oxen, and some
used the more primitive " pack-horse " as a
means of transporting their limited posses-
sions. The journey was one of toil and pri-
vation at best. There were no well beaten
highways, no bridges over the streams, but
each emigrant followed the general trail. If
the season was one of much rain, the swamps
they were compelled to cross, were almost
impassable; if dry, the roads were rough, and
water scarce. But the emigrant could endure
trial, hunger and pain, if a home stood at the
end of his journey, beck(jning him on. Faith
and hope are two anchors without which the
poor mortal would be cheerless indeed on
life's pathway.
Thus the county was settled under difficul-
ties, and amid hardships and dangers. But
the very dangers drew the people closer to-
gether, and made them more de[)endent upon
each other. All lived in a state of compara-
tive social equality, and the only lines drawn
were to separate the very bad from the gen-
eral mass. The rich and poor dressed alike;
the men generally wearing hunting-shirts and
buckskin pants, and the women attired them-
selves in coarse fabrics produced by their own
hands. The cabins were furnished in the
same style and simplicity. The bedsteads
were home-made and of rude material, and
the beds, usually filled with leaves and grass,
by honest toil were rendered
" Soft as downy pillows are."
One pot, kettle and frying-pan were the
only articles considered indispensable, and a
a few plates and dishes, upon a shelf in one
corner, was as satisfactory as a cupboard full
of china is now, while food was as highly
relished from a slab table as it is in this fast
age from one of oiled walnut or inahogany.
It is true they then had but little to eat, but
it sustained life. Mr. Cullom says they often
had no bread, and he calls to mind an in-
stance, when his father's family, who had been
without bread for some time, took corn before
it was sufficiently matured to shell from the
cob, dried it in the chimney, and grated it
into a coarse meal. From this bread was
made, a " shoat " was killed for the occasion,
and with beech bark tea they had quite a
feast. A neighbor, who happened in, was
asked to dine with tliem, and when dinner
was concluded he thanked the Lord that he
had had one more good, square meal, but he
didn't know where the next would come from.
Mrs. Cullom gave him some meal and a piece
of the shoat to take home with him, and he
went away rejoicing.
But the credit of subduing the wilderness,
and planting civilization in the West, is not
the work of man alone. Woman, the help-
30
HISTORY OF CRAWFOBD qOUNTY.
meet, and guiding spiiit of the sterner sex,
nobly did her part in the great work. The
"hired girl " had not then become a class. In
case of illness — and there was plenty of it in
the early times — some young woman would
leave home for a few days to care for the
afflicted household, but her services were not
rendered for the pay she received. The dis-
charge of the sacred duty to care for the sick
was the motive, and it was never neglected.
The accepted life of a woman was to marry,
bear and rear children, prepare the household
food, spin, weave and make the garments for
the family. Her whole life was the grand,
simple poem of rugged, toilsome duty bravely
and uncomplainingly done. She lived his-
torj', and her descendants write and read it
with a proud thrill, such as visits the pilgrim
when at Arlington he stands at the base of the
monument which covers the bones of four
thousand nameless men who gave their blood
to preserve their country. Her work lives.
but her name is whispered only in a few
homes. Holy in death, it is too sacred for
open speech.
Three quarters of a century has produced
marvelous changes, both in country and so-
ciety. In the years that jjave come and gone
in quick succession, while the panorama has
been unfolding to view, the verdant wastes of
Crawford County have disappeared, and in
their place are productive fields, covered with
flocks and herds, and peopled with twenty
thousand civilized and intelligent human be-
ings. The Indian trail is obliterated by the
railway track, and the ox-team and the
" prairie schooner " are displaced by the rush-
ing train. In the grand march of civilization
and improvement, who can tell, or dare pre-
dict what the next fifty years may develop?
Within that period it is not impossible tliat
we may be flying through the air, as we now
fly over the country at the heels of the iron
horse.
CHAPTEE IV
ORGANIZATION OF THE COUNTY— ILLINOIS AS A PART OF VIRGINIA— DIVIDED INTO
COUNTIES— ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE FORMING CRAWFORD— NAME OF THE COUN-
TY—THE COURTS, ETC.— LOCATING THE SEAT OF JUSTICE— AN INDIAN
TRIAL— OTHER COURT PROCEEDINGS— LIST OF OFFICERS AND REP-
RESENTATIVES-COURT HOUSES AND JAILS— CIVIL DIVIS-
IONS OF THE COUNTY— REMOVAL OP THE COUNTY
SEAT— TOWNSHIP ORGANIZATIONS, ETC., ETC.
" The ultimate tendency of civilization is toward
bai-barism. ' ' — Hare.
THE General Assembly of Viro;inia, in Oc-
tober, 1778, passed an act for " establish-
ing the County of Illinois, and for the more
efiFectual protection and defense thereof."
This act declared: "That all the citizens
of this Commonwealth, who are already set-
tled, or shall hereafter settle on the western
side of the Ohio, and east of the Mississippi,
shall be included in a distinct county, which
shall be called Illinois County." The Gov-
ernor of Virginia was to appoint " a county
lieutenant or commandant-in-chief," who
should "appoint and commission so many
deputy commandants, militia officers and
commissaries," as he should deem expedient,
for the enforcement of law and order. The
civil officers were to be chosen by a majority
of the people, and were to " exercize their
several jurisdictions, and conduct themselves
agreeable to the laws which the present set-
tlers are now accustomed to." Patrick Henry,
the first Governor of the " Old Dominion,"
appointed as such county lieutenant Com-
mandant John Todd, and on December 12,
1778, issued to him his letter of appointment
and instructions.
* By W. H. Perrin.
From the record book of John Todd's offi-
cial acts while he was exercising authority
over Illinois, a book now in the Chicago His-
torical Society, some interesting facts are
gleaned of the early history of Illinois. We
extract the following from its pages:
Todd was not unknown on the frontier.
Born in Pennsylvania and educated in Vir-
ginia, he had practiced law in the latter Col-
ony for several years, when, in 1775, he re-
moved to Kentucky, then a county of Vir-
ginia, and became very prominent in the
councils of its House of Delegates or Repre-
sentatives, the first legislative body organ-
ized west of the Alleghany mountains. Early
in 1777, the first court in Kentucky opened
its sessions at Harrodsburg, and he was one of
the justices. Shortly after, he was chosen
one of the representatives of Kentucky in
the Legislature of Virginia and went to the
capital to fulfill this duty. The following
year he accompanied Gen. George Rogers
Clark in his expedition to " the Illinois," and
was the first man to enter Fort Gage, at Kas-
kaskia, when it was taken from the British,
and was present at the final capture of Vin-
cennes. '
The act creating the County of Illinois had
been passed by the Legislature of Vir^-iuia,
and at Williamsburg, the capital then of the
3S
HISTOUY OF CRAWFORD COUXTY.
newly male State, in the very inansi.m of
the royal rulers of the whilom Colony, Pat-
rick H^nry indited his letter of appointment
t ) John Todil, and entered it in the book
already referred to. It occupies the first five
pages and is in P.itrick Henry's own hand-
writing. This book, made precious by his
pen, was intrusted to a faithful messenger,
who carried it from tidewater across the
mountains to Fort Pitt, thence down the
Ohio until he met with its destined recipient,
and delivered to him his credentials. It is
supposed that Todd received it at Vincennes,
then known to Virginians as St. Vincent, not
long after the surrender of that place on the
SJrth of Februarj^ 1779, and thereupon as-
sumed his new duties.
This old record book, of itself, forms an
interesting chapter in the history of Illinois;
but our space will admit of only a brief ex-
tract or two from its contents. The follow-
ing is in Todd's own handwriting, and no
doubt will sound strangelj' enough to many
of our readers at the present day. We give
it verbatim et literatum, as follows:
"Illinois, to-wit: To Richard Winston,
Esq., ShurilF in chief of the district of Kas-
kaskia.
" Negro Manuel, a slave in your custody,
is condemned by the Court of Kaskaskia,
after having made honorable Fine at the
Uoor of the Church, to be chained to a post
at the Water Side and there to be burnt alive
and his ashes scattered, as appears to me by
Record. This Sentence you are hereby re-
quired to put in execution on tuesday next at
9 o'clock in the morning, and this shall be
your warrant. Given under my hand and
seal at Kaskaskia the 13th day of June in the
third year of the Commonvrealth."
It is a grim record and reveals a dark
chapter in the early history of Illinois. It is
startling, and somewhat humiliating, too, to
reflect that barely one hundred years ago,
that within the territory now composing this
great State, a court of law deliberately sen-
tenced a human being to be burnt alive! It
is palpable that the inhuman penalty was
fi.xed by the court, ami as the statute deprived
tlie commandant of the power to pardon in
such cases, it is probable that the sentence
was actually executed. The cruel form of
death, the color of the unfortunate victim,
and the scattering of the ashes, all seem to
indicate that this was one of the instances of
the imagined crime of Voudouism, or negro
witchcraft, for which it is known that some
persons suffered in the Illinois country in the
early period. Reynolds, in his " Pioneer His-
tory," recites a similar instance to the one
above given, as occurring in 1790, at Ca-
hokia.
A few words additional, of .fohn Todd,
the first civil Governor of " the Illinois
Country," and we will take up the org.iniza-
tion of Crawford Cpunty. In the spring of
1780, Todd was elected a delegate from the
County of Kentucky to the Legislature of
Virginia. In November following, Kentucky
was divided into three counties, viz.: Fayette,
Lincoln and Jefferson, and in 1781, Thomas
Jelfjrson, who had become Governor of Vir-
ginia, appointed Todd Colonel of Fayette
County, and Daniel Boone, Lieutenant-Col-
onel. In the summer of 1782, Todd visited
Richmond, Va., on business of the Illinois
Country, where, it is said, he had concluded
to reside permanently, and stopped at Lex-
ington, Ky., on his return. While here, an
Indian attack on a frontier settlement sum-
moned the militia to arms, and Todd, as
senior colonel, took commmd of the little
army sent in pursuit of the retreating sav-
acres. It included Boone and many other
pioneers of note. At the Blue Licks, on the
18th of August, 1783, they overtook the
enemy, but the headlong courage of those
who would not follow the prudent counsels of
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
39
Todd and Boone, precipitated an action which
proved more disastrous to the whites than any
ever fouorht on Kentucky soil — that early
theater of savage warfare. One third of those
who went into the battle were killed out-
right, and many others wounded. Among
the slain was the veteran Todd, who fell gal-
lantly fighting at the head of his men. Near
tiio spot where he fell, on the brow of a
sin.ill hill overlooking Blue Licks, his re-
mains repose under the pines. On the 18th of
August last (1882) the centennial of the dis-
astrous battle of Blue Licks was held upon
the ground where it was fought, and a resolu-
tion adopted to erect a monument to the
heroes who there fell in defense of their
country.
Gen. Arthur St. Clair, Governor of the
Northwest Territory, in company with the
Territorial judges, went, in the spring of
1700, to Cahokia, where, by proclamation, he
organized the County of St. Clair, the first
formed in what now comprises the State of
Illinois, and its capital was fi.xed at Kask:is-
kia. Randolph was the next county created
in Illinois, and its organization dates back to
179.5. No more counties were made until
the session of the Territorial Legislature of
1811-12, when there were three formed, viz.:
Madison, Gallatin and Johnson. At the ses-
sion of 1814, Edwards was created, and at
the session of 181(3, AVhite, Jackson, Monroe,
Pope and Crawford were formed. At the
last session of the Territorial Legislature,
and previous to the admission of Illinois as
a '^tate, Franklin, ^^'ashlngton, Union, Bond
an . Wayne Counties were organized. Thus
it will be seen, that Crawford was the elev-
enth county formed in the State. It is be-
lieved to have been named for Gen. William
Crawford, a Revolutionary soldier, who com-
manded an expedition against the Wyandot
Indians in the "Ohio Country," in 17S2; was
captured by them and burned at the stake, at
a spot included in the original limits of
Crawford County, Ohio. The act of the Ter-
ritorial Legislature for the formation of this
county was passed at the session of 1810-17,
and is as follows:
An act for the division of Edwards Conn tv:
Be it enacted by the Legislative Council
and House of Representatives of the Illinois
Territory, and it is hereby enacted bv the
authority of the same: That all that tract of
country within the following boundaries, to-
wit: Beginning at the mouth of the Einbar-
ras River, and running with the said River to
the intersection of the line dividing Townships
number three and four north, of range eleven
west of the second principal meridian; thence
west with said town.s/iip line to the meridian,
and then due north until it strikes the line of
Upper Canada; thence to the line that sepa-
rates this Territory from the State of Indi-
ana, and thence south with said division line
to the beginning, shall constitute a separate
County, to be called Crawford; and the
seat of justice shall be at the house of Ed-
ward N. Cullom, until it shall be perinaniMuly
established, in the following method, that is:
Three persons shall be appointed, to-wit:
John Dun lap, Thomas Handy and Thomas
Kennedy, which said commissioners, or a
majority of them, being duly sworn before
some judge or justice of the peace of this
Territory, to faithfully take into view the
situation of the settlements, the geography'
of the county, the convenience of the people,
and the eligibility of the place, shall meet
on the second .Monday in March next, at the
house of Edward N. Cullom, and proceed to
examine and determine on the place for tiie
permanent seat of justice, and designate the
same: Provided, the proprietor or proprietors
of the land shall give to said county, for the
purpose of erecting public buildings, a quan-
tity of land at said place not less than twenty
acres, to be laid out in lots and sold for the
above purpose. But should the said propri-
etor or proprietors refuse or neglect to make
the said donation aforesaid, then in that case
it shall be the duty of the commissioners to
fix upon soTne other place for the seat of just-
ice, as convenient as may be to the different
settlements in said county, which place, when
fixed and determiued on, the said conimis-
40
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
sioners shall certify under their hands and
seals, and return the Siune to the next county
court in the county aforesaid: and as a com-
pensation for their services, they shall each
be al owed two dollars for every day they be
necessarily employed in iixing the aforesaid
seat of justice, to be paid out of the county
lew, which said court shall cause an entry
thereof to be made on their records, etc., etc.
SETH GARD,
Speaker of the House of Representatives, ^i)'o
tenijiore.
. PIERRE MENARD,
President of the Legislative Council.
Approved, Deceinl)er 31, I81G.
NINIAN EDWARDS.
The remaining sections of the act, of whicli
there are two or three, are not pertinent to
the subject under consideration. From some
cause, the commissioners did not locate the
seat uf justice at the time specified in the
foregoing act, as will be seen further on in
the proceedings of the court.
At the time of organization all county
business was done by justices of the peace,
instead of by county commissioners, as was
the custom a few years liter, or by supervis-
ors as at the present day. The first term of
the County Court was held at the house of
Edward N. Cullom, near the present town of
Palestine, on the 26th day of February, 1817.
From this record it will be seen that the
county was fully organized and its civil ma-
chinery setin motion, without any unnecessary
delay, from the approval of the act (December
31, 1816.) This first term of court was held
by Edward N. Cullom and John Dunlap, jus-
tices of the peace; Edward H. Piper, clerk,
and Francis Cullom, sheriff. The first act of
the court was to accept the bond of Cullom
as sheriff. Then Joseph Malcom was sworn
in as a constable. The next act was to "di-
vide the county into districts or election pre-
cincts," as follows: The first comprised the
tract of country from the mouth of the Em-
barras River, which was the southern bound-
ary of the county, extending up the Wabash
River to the center of township five, thence
west to the county line, and vras named "Al-
lison." The second, all that country between
the center of townships five and eight, and
was called " Lamotte." The third included
all north of township eight to Canada, and
was named "Union." Assessors were ap-
pointed for these precincts as follows: Georgo
W. Kincaid in Allison; Joel Cheek in La-
motte, and Isaac Moore in Union. The fol-
lowing was the tax levied: On all horses,
mares, mules and asses, ST.J cents per head;
on all stallions the sums for which the owners
charge for thvnr services; on all unmarried
men over 31 years of ago, and who had not
$200 worth of taxable property, one dollar;
on each bondsmen or slave over the age of
16 years, one dollar; on all mansion houses,
whieh included houses of all kinds, thirty
cents on the hundred dollars valuation; on
the ferry of James Gibson, five dollars; and
on the ferry of E. Twombley, three dollars.
The rates of ferriage across the Wabash was
fixed at the following: a wagon and team,
75 cents; a two-wheeled carriage, 37^ cents;
a man and horse, 12.V cents; a man on foot
65^ cents; cattle four cents a head, and sheep
and hogs two cents a head each. Fence
viewers and road overseers were appointed
for the different precincts, and then court
adjourned, having completed its work for the
term.
The second term of County Court con-
vened at the same place, and was held by
Edward N. Cullom, John Dunlap and Isaac
Moore, embracing the 23d and 2-lth days of
June, 1817. Permission was granted by the
court to Isaac Parker to build a "water mill"
on Mill Creek, about twenty-five miles north
of Palestine. The laying out of roads occu-
pied a portion of the time of the honorable
court, and we find that James Caldwell,
George Catron and William Lockard were
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
41
appointed to " view and mark out a road "
from Edward N. CuIloiii''s, on Laniotte prai-
rie, to the head of Walnut prairie, and
Smith Shaw, Benjamin Eaton and Francis
Cullom were appointed to view out a road
from the same place (Cullora's) to Arthur
Jones' ferry. Several ottier roads were
ordered laid out; also the county officers
filed their bonds. Edward II. Piper as county
clerk, Allen McGahey as the first coroner,
and John Dunlap as first county surveyor,
wiiich concluded the business of the term.
A third term was held also at CuUom's, in
October, which was taken up mostly in order-
\u<r roads laid out, and other routine busi-
ness, not specially interesting to the general
reader.
Edward N. Cullom, at this early period,
seems to have been the animating spirit of
the community, and his bustling activity
found ample scope for its exercise. In the
newly-formed court he presided as one of the
justices; he originated and superintended
many of the public enterprises of the time,
and for many years was one of the most ac-
tive and enterprising men in the settlement.
His home for some time was the actual capi-
tal of the county, for Palestine
"Was then a city only in name.
The houses and barns had not yet a frame.
The streets and the squares no mortal could see,
And the woodman's ax had scarce hit a tree."
The courts were held at his house; roads
were laid out from thence to radiating points,
and, indeed, it seems to have been the center
round which the little community revolved.
The county had no other capital until the
laying out of Palestine some two years or
more after the organization of the county.
At the fourth term of the court — held, as
usual, at Cullom's, on the (ith, 7th and 8th
days of Aijril, 1818, by Samuel Harris,
George W. Kinkade, James Shaw, Smith
Shaw, and Joseph Kitchell, the following re-
port was received on the third day of the
term, from Soth Gard and Peter Keene, who
had iieen appointed by the Legislature in
place of those mentioned in the original act,
to locate the county seat: "The center of
the public square to be eight3' roods north of
the southeast corner of the southeast quarter
of section 31, in to^vnship 7 north, range 11
west. The center of said public square to
extend exactly on the line dividing sections
34 and 35 in the township and range above
stated. The donation given to the county
to be one equal half of sixty acres of
ground, to be laid off on the following quar-
ter section: To be laid the whole length of
the southeast quarter of section 34, as above
stated, and on the east side of said quarter,
and the whole length of the southwest quar-
ter of section 35, to be laid the whole length
of said quarter, and on the west side of the
same."
On the land thus described in the above
report of the commissioners, the town of
Palestine was laid out into one hundred and
sixty lots, with streets and alleys, and became
the seat of justice of Crawford County, an
honor it held until the growth and increase of
population demanded a more eligible location,
when it was moved nearer to the center of
the county. The land upon which the town
was laid out, was owned by Edward N. Cul-
lom and Joseph Kitchell; that on the east
side of the square by Cullom, and that on
the west side by Kitchell. Each alternate
lot was donated to the county by the propri-
etors, in consideration of tlie establishing of
the county scat upon their land. David Por-
ter was appointed agent of the county, with
authority to sell the lots thus donated. Lots
were sold by him from time to time, and
houses were erected upon them; people
moved in and took up their abode, inaugurat-
ing business of different kinds, and the place
grew slowly, but Steadily, into a town. As
42
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
• cities rise and sink
Like bubbles on the water,"
so Palestine rose to prominence, and for many
years was a place of considerable importance
— in fact the Athens of the State. Aside
from KnsUaskia and Vandalia, the first two
State capitals, there are few points in Illinois
richer in historical lore. It was the county
seat; the land office was located there, and
doubtless it would have become the capital
instead of Vandalia, but for its unfortunate
geographical position on the extreme border
of the State. Within its precincts asseml)led
the wise and great, the pleasure seeker, the
rich and the fair — the creme de la creme of
the whole frontier, for social interchange and
enjoyment. But the gay little city reached
the zenith of its prosperity, and then its star
began to wane. From the removal of the
seat of justice to Robinson may be dated its
decline, and the growth of the latter place
proved the death of its glory and magnifi-
cence. It is almost as dead to the energy
and enterprise of this fast age of improve-
ment as though lying buried as deep as
Pompeii beneath the lava from Vesuvius. Its
decaying buildings show the ivy clinging to
their moldering turrets and " hoary lichen
springing from the disjointed stones."
Mocked by its own desolation, the " btt, shrill
shrieking woos its flickering mate," and the
" serpents hiss and the wild birds scream."
As has been said of ancient Rome,
"The spider waves its web in ber palaces;
The owl sings his watch-song in her towers."
The agitation consequent to the removal
of the county seat commenced as early as
3 840. Hutsonville conceived a jealousy of
Palestine, and itself sought to become th«
seat of justice. Originally York had con-
tested the right of Palestine to that glory,
and losing the honor, had kicked clear out of
the harness, and kicked herself into Clark
County. Through the efforts of Hutsonville,
and other interested parties, the matter was
brought to a vote of the people, at the election
held in August, 1843. Hutsonville by this
time had given up the contest, and retired
from the race. Five other places, however,
bid for it. as follows: on 40 acres donated
by Finley Paull, Wm. Wilson, and R. A. and
Jno. W. Wilson, (now Robinson); 40 acres
donated by P. C Barlow; the same amount
donated by Nelson Hawley; Palestine and
the geographical center of the county. The
vote stood: The donation of Paull and others
— 213 votes; donation of Barlow — 133 votes;
donation of Hawley — 38 votes; Palestine —
132 votes; and the center — 9 votes. No one
of these received a majority of the votes
cast, and the question was aarain submitted to
the people on the 12th day of October follow-
inor, with the condition that the two places re-
ceiving the highest number of votes at the first
election, should alone be voted on. The result
was as follows: The point offered by Paull,
Wilson and others — 351 votes, and that offered
by Barlow — 184 votes. Thus Paull and the
Wilsons received the majority, and their do-
nation became the county seat. A town was
laid out, and named Robinson, in honor of
Hon. John M. Robinson, a lawyer well known
here some years ago.
At the same term of court, at which Gard
and Keene made their report, locating the
county seat at Palestine, an order was passed
making "wolf scalps" at $3 apiece, a legal
tender. These " trophies of the chase " passed
current for " whisky, tobacco and other nec-
essaries oi life," and were also receivable, by
order of the court, for county taxes. It may
be of interest to some of our readers, who
were unacquainted with the " wolf scalpers "
of that day, to give a few of their names and
the number of scalps presented by each at a
single term of court. They are as follows:
Jan Martin, one scalp; J. Gallon, one; John
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
43
G.urard, one; Clialkey Draper, one; John
Berry, one; James Gain, nine; John Allison,
three; Georo^e W. Carter, one; John Miller,
one; John Walilrop, five; Hugh Miller, three;
Jacob Blaze, two; Thomas Handy, ten; Win.
Y. Hackett, one; James Gill, two; Abraham
CoonroJ, two; \Vm. Lowe, one; Francis Cul-
lom, ten; making a total of fifty-five scalps,
yielding quite a revenue for that day. This
term of court also regulated the price tavern-
keepers might charge for their exhileratino-
beverages — all who sold whisky at retail had
to take out tavern-license and were forced to
keep sufficient house room to accommodate a
certain number of persons, together with
stable room for their horses. The prices
were: For half a pint of wine, French
brandy or rum, 50 cents; half a pint of peach
or apple brandy, 18f cents; half a pint of
whisky, 12^ cents; for a horse feed, 13^-
cents, and for a meal's victuals, 25 cents.
The most important business transacted at
the fifth term of court, (held as usual at (Jul-
lom's) was the passing of an order for build-
ing a jail. Hitherto the people were so simple
and ho.iest as to require no prison, and indeed,
but few of the restraining influences of the
law. But as they grew in numbers and in-
creased in civilization it became necessary to
erect court houses and jails for the purpose of
awing evil-doers into submission to the re-
quirements of society. This prison was or-
dered to be built of hewn timber, twelve
inches square, and was considered, in those
pioneer times, quite a terror to all who dared
trample upon the majesty of the law. The con-
tract was let to the lowest bidder, on the 22d
day of August, 1818. Joseph Wood drew
the prize, and was to receive for the job
$514.00, one half of which wns to be paid
when the work was completed, and the re-
mainder twelve months after completion. Mr.
Piper, the clerk, was appointed manager of
tiie work on the part of the countv. Com-
mencing on the 7th of December, 1818, Jo-
seph Kitchell, David Porter and Thomas An-
derson, held the si.\th and last term of the
County Court under the old Territorial laws.
The usual routine of business was despatched,
but nothing of sufficient importance to ne-
cessitate the transcribing of it in these pages.
A new era now commenced in doing the
county business. Illinois had been admitted
(in 1818) as a State into the Federal Union;
a State Coristitution had been framed and
adopted, and the laws materially changed in
many respects. County business was now
transacted by three officials, styled County
Commissioners, and Wicklitie Kitchell, Ed-
ward N. CuUom, and William Barbee were
chosen the first Commissioners of Crawford
County. They held their first court in the
tavern of James Wilson, in the town of Pal-
estine, commencing on the 7th day of June,
1819; Edward H. Piper, clerk, and John S.
Woodworth, sheriff. Thomas Kennedy was
appointed county treasurer. The county
was now nearly three years old, its machinerv
was running smoothly, and everything indi-
cated future prosperitv.
Court Houses. — At the December term
(1819) of the County Commissioners' Court, the
jail, which had been built by Joseph Wood,
was officially received. A contract had previ-
ously been let for building a court house, to
William Lindsey, of Vinoennes, but some dis-
satisfaction was evinced by the commission-
ers, as to quality arid workmanship of the brick
work of the buililing,and they called'on Thomas
Westfall, D. McHenry and Jonathan Young,
three brick masons, to judge and determine
the work and material, which they did, and
decided in favor of T.indsey, the contractor.
The building was officially received at a spe-
cial term held the latter part of December,
and the court paid Westfall, McHenry and
Young !j;9 for their services as referees. The
new court house was occupied for the first
44
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
time at the March term of the court, 1820.
The following order was made at a term of
court held in October of the same year:
" That Venetian blinds be made for the court
house in Palestine and slips to shut them
against; tiie two doors be faced with strong
'ruff' scantling, and double batten shutters
be made and hung to each; that the windows
and doors be hung with good wrought or
cast hinges, and each side be cornished up
with good, neat, solid cornish, like that on the
steam saw-mill at Vincennes."
The court house had been built of very-
poor material and worse workmanship, but
was received by the court. There was troulile,
however, between the contractor and the
c(inimissioners in regard to the p^y for it, and
suit was finally brought by Lindsey, in the
Circuit Court of Edwards County, and judg-
ment obtained in his favor for $1,768.64. It
served as a court house for several years, but
the material of which it was composed was of
such inferior quality, that the building was
never entir.ily finished. It was struck three
times by lightning and the walls so injured
tliat it l)ecan)e necessary to take them down;
which was done, and the material sold. A
part of the brick is now in Lagow's house in
Palestine. The county was now without a
court house, and was compelled to rent rooms
wherever it could, and often the Circuit Court
and grand jury occupied rooms in different
parts of the town.
At the March term of the Commissioners'
Court in 1830, it was ordered, "that a frame
court house be built on the southwest corner
of the public square," which was afterward
let out to the lowest bidder. David Porter
furnished the hewn timbers for $119, and the
contract for building was let to Benjamin
Myers and others, or, as they were then
calleil the "seven Jesses," they being a fam-
ily of seven brothers, and Jesse was the lead-
ing one of them. The house was completed.
but unfortunately for all parties concerned,
the night before it was to have been received
by the court " some malicious person or per-
sons " set fire to it, and it was entirely con-
sumed. The loss to the county was as great
as to the contractors, either party being illy
able to sustain it, but the county bore the
greater part of it, as on the 7th of March,
183.3, we find from the records that the court
allowed Myers $460.50 for work done on the
house and material furnished, which was
burned.
Thus the county was again without a court
house, but at the December term of the court
in the year 1833, John Boyd, James H. Wil-
son and Asa Norton, the then county commis-
sioners, ordered, " that another court house be
built on the same ground, and of the same
kind and size of the one burnt." It was built
bv Pr.^slev O. Wilson and Sewell GooJridge,
and is still standing. It was used for a court
house until the county seat was removed to
Robinson, since which time it has been used
frii- various purposes; lately by the Christian
Church as a house of worship.
When the county seat was moved to Rob-
inson in 1843, the first term of court was held
in a frame house that stood on the corner
where the Rolnnson Clothing Store now is,
and the next in a frame house at the south-
west corner of the square belonging to Mr.
Wilson. The present court house was built
in 1844, at a cost of about $4,300. It has
several times been remodeled and improved,
and at the present time sadly needs improving
with a new one.
The court house was built and paid for out
of what was known as. the "bonus fund."
This was a fund received partly from the sale
of the saline and mineral lands, and partly
from the State, under an act of the Legislature,
donating to each county that was without
r.iilroads or canals, a certain sum of money,
for t'.ie purpose of building bridges and im-
ch^^ ^^y ;^
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
proviiif^ their roaJs. It was sometimes called
" hush money," as it was intended to hush any
grumbling on the part of the county receiving
it at not getting its share of internal improve-
ment. The county received as her bonus
.-everal thousand dollars, which was placed at
interest, and used as occasion required.
The old log jail was moved from Palestine
with the county seat, but in 1845, a brick jail
was built. It was a poor affair, and about
1855-6, another was built with iron cells.
This, however, was deemed unliealthv, and in
1877, the present stone jail was built, south-
east of the court house, and in connection
with the sheriff's residence.
Circuit Court. — The first Circuit Court,
held for Crawford County, convened on Mon-
<iay the 15th day of September, 1817, at the
house of Edward N. Cullom, agreeably to an
act of the General Assembly, passed at its
last session, and was presided over by the
"Honorable Thomas Towles, Judge." The
following are the names of the first grand
jury: William Howard, foreman; Uaniel
Travis, M''illiam Travis, Thomas Mills, Ira
Allison, Samuel Allison, Asahel Haskins,
Jiiiin Waldrop, Sen., Richard Eaton, Thomas
.lones, Daniel Martin, William Garrard, Benj.
Parker, Jonas Painter, Samuel Briniberry,
Poter Price, .John Lamb, William Everman,
William Hicks, George Smith and Newberry
York, who were "sworn to inquire for the
County of Crawford," and who "received
their charge and retired out of court to con-
sider of their presentment." The first case
was as follows:
Stepuex Beck, Plaintiff, )
ar/ainst ■ In Debt.
Joseph Bogart, Defendant. )
It was a plain suit for debt, and the de-
fendant, Bogart, confessed the same and judg-
ment was rendered accordingly. Tlie next
caso
Elisua BRADiiKPvRV, Plaintiff, ) , ,, ,
a i/i It II --ft V ij. 4-1.
Robert Gill, Defendant. ) ' 6r\ .
was a jury case, and it was tried before the
following jurj-: Thomas Wilson, Ithra By-
shears, Joseph Shaw, John Funk, Andrew
Montgomery, John R. Adams, James Moore,
Joseph Eaton, Joseph Wood, Isaac Parker,
George Bogher and Jame> Giljson. The jury
found a verdict for the plaintiff of §37.02,
which was approved by the court. There
were a few other trifling cases, and among the
proceedings tiie following order was entered
upon the record: "Ordered that Thomas
Handy, Charles Neeley and John Funk, Jr.,
be summoned here at the next term of this
court to show cause why they shall not be
fined for failing to attend as grand jurors
agreeably to the summons of the sheriff."
Then the grand jury reported their indict-
ments, among which we note the following
one:
UxiTED States ) Indictment for bring-
agaiiiKt > ing home a hog with-
Cf)RXELius Taylor. ) out the ears.
Court then adjourned until eight o'clock the
next morning, and, when it met, it adjourned
"until court in coarse." We find no record
of another term of the Circuit Court being
hold, until on Wednesday, July 7, 1819, in P;d-
estine, with Honorable Thomas C. Brown as
presiding judge, and William W/ilson, circuit
attorney.
Among the indictments made bv the grand
jury at this term was the following:
The State of Illinois'
VK. Indictment for
William Kilbuck, )■ Miirder.
Captain Tuomas, | A true bill.
Big Panther. J
The parties named were three Delaware
Indians, who wore chartred with the murder
of Thomas McCall, under the following cir-
48
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUXTV.
cumstances: Cornelius Taylor kept a still
house, and had been forbidden to let the In-
dians have whisky without a written order
from proper authority. McCall was a sur-
veyor, and had been in the habit of some-
times trading with the Indians, and it is said,
used to occasionally give them an order to
Taylor for whisky. The Indians named in
the indictment went to McCall and begged
him for "fire-water," and finally to rid himself
of their importunities wrote something on a
piece of paper which he handed them, and
which they supposed was the necessary order.
They went to Taylor with it, who read it
aloud to them. It was an order — but an
order not to let them have the whisky. The
Ind ans were so incensed that, to gratify
their revenare, they murdered McCall.
They were indicted and tried at the term
of the court convened, as already stated, July
7, 1819. The trial of the Indians was set
for the 9th, the third day of the term. The
following are the jury: .las. Sliaw, Smith
Shaw, John Barlow, Jas. Watts, Wm. Barbee,
Wm. Wilson, David Van Winkle, John W«l-
drop, James Kennedy, Isaac Lewis, Joseph
Shaw and Gabriel Funk. The jury, upon
hearing the evidence, returned a verdict of
"guilty." A motion was then made to arrest
judgment, which motion was sustained by the
court, and a new trial ordered. This time
Kilbuck was tried separately, found guilty
by the jury, and sentenced by the court to be
hanged on the 14th of July, 1819, but made
his escape before the appointed day. Captain
Thomas and Big Panther asked for a con-
tinuance, which was granted, and afterward a
nolle prosequi was entered by the prosecuting
attorney. So ended the Indian trial.
For some ten years after the organization
of the county most of the cases tried in the
Circuit Court were for assault and battery; a
few being for debt, and an occasional one for
larceny. From the great number of assault
and battery cases, it may be inferred that
fighting was the popular amusement of the
day. To get drunk and fight was so common
that a man who did not indulge in these pas-
times was considered effeminate and coward-
ly. To be considered the " best man," that is,
the best fighter, or as we would say to-day,
the greatest bully, and rough, was an honor
as much coveted and sought after by a certain
class, as in this enlightened age, is honor and
greatness. This rude state of society brought
to the surface some of the roughest characters
of the frontier. For instance, at a single
term of the Circuit Court, we find that one
Cornelius Taylor was indicted for larceny, for
assault and battery, for rape, etc., etc. He
was a had man and a detriment to the pros-
perity and welfare of the community. With
an utter disregard for law and order, he
prej^ed upon others, and there are those who
knew him still living to bear witness to his
numerous shortcomings. There were many
charges agair.st him, which were doubtless
true, among which were horse-stealing, hog-
stealing, and even darker crimes were hinted
at in connection with him. In proof of the
rough state of society, the following speaks
for itself and is but one of many:
The People OF THE State 1 t t . , ^
T T-,,,- Indictment for
OF Illinois, lit., a u i
^, ' ' > Assault and
Hugh Dail, Defendant. J ^'
" Be it remembered that heretofore to wit,
on the l"3th day of May, 1834, it being the
third day of the May term of the said court,
the grand jury, by John M. Robinson, circuit
attorney, filed in the clerk's office of said Cir-
cuit Court, a certain bill of indictment
against said defendant, which indictnipnt is
in the words and figures following, to wit:
State of Illinois, )
Crawford County. ) At the Circuit Court
of the May term, in the year of our Lord
1824. The grand jury of the people of the
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
49
State of Illinois, cinpanneled, charged and
sworn to inquire for the body of the said
County of Crawford in the name and by the
authority of the people of the State of Illi-
nois, upon their oath present that Hugh Dail,
late of the township of Palestine, in the said
County of Crawford, laborer, on the first day
of May, in the year of our Lord 1824, with
force and arms, in the township aforesaid, and
county aforesaid, in and upon Isaac Meek did
make an assault, and him, the said Isaac, then
and there did beat, bruise, wound and threat
and other wrongs to the said Isaac then and
there did, to the great damage of the said
Isaac, contrary to the form of the staute in
such case made and provided, and against the
peace and dignity of the people of the State
of Illinois." (Signed,)
JOHX M. ROBIXSON,
Co. Att'y.
Upon this voluminous and very lucid docu-
ment, was issued the following iron-clad writ,
" in the words and figures following to wit :"
" The people of the State of Illinois to the
Sheriff of Crawford County, greeting : We
command you to take Hugh Dail, if he be
found in your bailmick, and him safely keep,
so that you have his body before the judge
of our Crawford Circuit Court at the court
house in Palestine, on the first day of our
next October term, to answer the people of
the State of Illinois in an indictment pre-
fered against lilm by the grand jury at the
last May term, for assault and battery, and
have then there this writ."
Witness. "Edward H. Pipeu,
Clerk &c., of said Court
this 5J3d day of
[siiAL.] 1824:, and the 48th
year of the Independ-
ence of the United
States.
Edward IT. Pipkr,
Clerk."
A return made upon the'back of the writ
by the sheriff showed that Dail was not in his
" bailmick," whereupon a writ was issued to
the sheriff of Edgar County for him, and in
due time he_ was produced, acknowledged his
offense in court, and was fined the enormous
sum of .50 cents and '' costs."
The courts moved on in the usual manner
of all backwoods counties, having plenty of
business, such as it was, upon the dockets at
the different tribunals, and which was gener-
ally dispatched in a summary, backwoods
stj-le, distinguished quite as much for equity
and fairness between man and man, as in ac-
cordance with the wisdom of Blackstone.
Coxinty Officers. — The first county com-
missioners, or as they were then called, county
j ustices of the peace, were elected or appointed
February 26, 1817, and were E. N. Cullom,
John Dunlap and Isaac Moore. The next
year, 1818, this board wi^s increased to twelve,
as follows: E. N. Cullom, Samuel Harris,
Geo. W. Kincaid, .Tames Shaw, Smith Shaw,
.foseph Kitchell, S. B. A. Carter, Chester
Fitch, Wm. Lockard, David Porter, David
McGahey and Thomas Anderson. In 1819,
it dropped liack to three commissioners — E.
N. Cullom, Wickliffe Kitchell and William
Barbee; in 1820, David Stewart, Aaron Ball
and Henry M. Gilliam; in 1821, Aaron Ball,
iJavid Stewart and E. N. Cullom; in 1832,
Daniel Funk, Enoch Wilhite and Zephaniah
Lewis; in 1823, Daniel Funk, John Sackrider
and Enoch Wilhite; in 1824, Daniel Funk,
John Sackrider and William Highsmith; in
1826, Daniel Funk, Daniel Boatright and
Bottsford Comstock; in 1828, Wm. High-
smith, Wm. Magill and Doctor Hill; in 1832,
Asa Norton, Jas. H. Wilson and John Boyd;
in 1834, Asa Norton, Gabriel Funk and John
Boyd; In 1836, John Boyd, Eli Adams and
Wm. Cox; in 1838, L. ~V>. Cullom, Daniel
Boatright and John Boyd; in 1839, Wm.
Highsmith, Daniel Boatright and Wni. Gill;
50
mSTOIiY OF CKAWFOUI) CorXTY.
in 1810, Wm. Gill, Win. Highsmith and Win.
Mitciiell; in ISll, Wm. Highsmith, Win.
Mitchell and John Musgrave; in 1843, Wm.
Higlisniitli, Jolin Musgravo and Lott Watts;
in ISl-t, Will. Highsmith, Lott Watts and
John Boyd; in 1845, John Boyd', Lott Watts
and Benj. Beckwith; in 184(j a probate
judge was added, and Presley O. AVilson
was elected to the office, which he filled until
1849, with the following commissioners: 1846,
Boyd, Watts and Beckwith; 1847, Beckwith,
F. M. Brown and John Newlin; 1848, Brown,
Newlin and Wm. Reavill. In 1849 another
change was made. A county judge, with
Associate Justices, composed the board, as
follows: J. B. Trimble, county judge, and
Isaac Wilkin and John B. Harper, associates;
in 1853, Richard G. Morris, county judge,
and Jas. F. Hand and Wm. Reavill, associ-
ates; in 1855, John W. Steers, county judge,
and Win. Reavill and James F. Hand, associ-
ates; in 1857, W. H. Sierrett, count}- judge,
and Hand and John Shaw, associates; in ]8'31,
Wm. C. Dickson, county judge, and D. W.
Odell and J. J. Petri, associates; in 1805,
Dickson, county judge, and Benj. Price and
I. D. Mail, associates; in 1807-8 still an-
other change was made in the management
of county business. The county adopted
township organization, and H. Alexander was
county judge; in 1809, John B. Harper,
county judge; in 1877, Wm. C.Jones; in
1879, Franklin Robb, and in 188-->, J. C.
OKvin, who is the present county judge.
Circuit and County Clerks. — Edward H.
Piper was both circuit and county clerk
from the organization of the county to 1835.
The offices were then separated, and A. G.
Lagow was made county clerk, and D. W.
Stark, circuit clerk; in 1837, E. L. Patton be-
came county clerk, and in 1838, W. B. Baker
became both county and circuit clerk, which
positions he held until 1848, when they were
again separated, and James H. Steel became
county clerk, and C. M. Hamilton, circuit
clerk; in 1849, Wm. Cox was elected circuit
clerk, but died, and Wm. Barbee became
clerk; in 1854, he was succeeded by John T.
Co.x, who in 1856 was succeeded by Hiram
Johnson, and he by Wm. Johnson, in 1805;
in 1806, Sing B. Allen was elected to the
office, and in 1876 he was succeeded by our
Fat Contributor, the only, the funny and good-
natured John Thomas Cox, the present
courteous and accommodating incumbent.
Mr. Steel remained county clerk until 1857,
when the elder John T. Cox was elected. He
was succeeded by Wm. C. Wilson, familiarly
known as " Carl " Wilson, who held the office
until 1877, when he surrendered it to David
Reavill. The latter died before his term ex-
pired, and T. S. Price was appointed to fill
out the term, when he was re-elected, and is
at present the county clerk.
aheri^fs. — Francis Cullom was the Hrst
sheriff of the county; in 1818, John S.
Woodvvorth was sheriff; in 1823, John Hous-
ton; in 1820, Joel Phelps; in 1827, A. M.
Houston; in 1829, E. W. Kellogg; in 1835,
John Eastburn; in 183S, Presley O. Wilson;
in 1840, R. Arnold; in 1844, L. D. Cullom;
in 1850, J. M. Grimes; in 1852, H. Johnson;
in 1854, D.D. Fowler; in 1856, John D. New-
lin; in 1858, David Little; in 1860, Wm.
Reavill; in 1802, Wm. Johnson; in 1804,
H. Henderson; in 18i 6, Wm. Reavill; in
1808, Davii Reavill; in 1870, R. Leach; in
1872, A. B. Houston; in 1874, H. Henderson;
in 1876, Win. Johnson; in 1878, S. T. Lind-
sey; in 1880, John M. Highsmith, and in lSrf2,
d! M. Bales.
2'reasurtrs. — The first treasurer of the
county was Thomas Kennedy; in 1824, John
Houston was elected treasurer; in 1820, John
Malcom; in 1833, Charles Kitchell; in 1835,
Daniel Hulible; in 1830, John L. Buskirk;
in 1837, John A. Williams; in 1839, Fmley
PauU; in 1844, James Weaver; in 1845, Jas.
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
51
S. Otey; in 1S4G, C. II. Fitch; in 1853, W.
C. Wilson; in 1855, James Mitchell; in 18G1,
Samson Taylor; in 18G7, John C. Page; in
1871, Wm."RcavilI; in 1873, Wm. Updyke;
in 187S, i. U. JIail, and in 1882, Samson
Taylor.
Surveyors and' Coroners. — John Dunlap
was the first surveyor, and Allen McGahey
the first coroner, who was succeeded bv Jon-
athan Wood in 1820. In 18:23 George Cal-
houn was appointed county surveyor, but
shortly after was succeeded by Jacob Help-
ingstiene; in 1823 George Calhoun was
again appointed; in 1838 W. B. Baker was
appointed; in 184G, C. H. Fitch; in 1847,
Jas. H. Steel; in 1850, PI. B. Jolly; after
wiiich we lose trace of the office.
Sch< ol Commissioners. — As early as 1819,
R. C. Ford was appointed school commis-
sioner by act of the Legislature, and in 1833
Thos. Kennedy was appointed; in 1836 he
was succeeded by Wm. Barbee; in 1841 Fin-
ley Paul! was appointed; in 1842, Jas. S.
Otey; i'n 1845, Nelson Hawley;^in 1853, F.
Robb; in 1856, Jno. T. Cox; in 1SG7, Geo.
W. Peck; in 18G1, John C. Page; in 1865,
Geo. N. Parker; in 1869, S. A. Burner; in
1873, P. G. Bradberry; in 1876, G. W. Hen-
derson; in 1880, Hugh McHatton; and in
1883, H. O. Hiser.
State Senators. — First session, 1818-20.
Joseph Kitchell; 1830-33, Joseph Kitchell;
1833-34, Dan'l Parker; 1824-36, Dan'l Par-
ker; 1826-38, Wm. B. Archer; 1838-30,
Wickliflfe Kitchell; 1830-33, WicklifTe Kitch-
ell; 1833-31, Djvid McGahey; 1834-30, Da-
vid McGahey; 1836-38, Peter Pruyno; 1S3S
-40, Abner Greer; 1840-43, John Houston;
1842-44, John Houston; 1844-46, Sam'l Dun-
lap; 1846-48, Sam'l Dunlap; 1848-50 (the
State had been re-districted, and Crawford
was a part of the 9th district), Uri Manly;
1850-53, Josiah R.Winn; 1852-54, J. R.
Winn; lS54-5'i, .Mort rner O'Kaii; 1856-
58, Mortimer O'Kean; 1858-60, Mortimer
O'Kean; 1860-62, Presley Funkhouser; 1863
-64, Sam'l Moffatt; 1864-6G, Andrew J,
Hunter; 1866-68, A. J. Hunter; 1868-70,
E<hvin Harlan; 1870-73, John Jackson and
Edwin Harlan; 1872-74, Wm. J. Crews;
1874-76, O. V. Smith; 1876-78, O. V. Smith;
1878-80, Wm. C. Wilson; 1880-82, AVm. C.
Wilson; 1882-84, W. H. McNairy.
Jtepresentatives. — First session, 1818-20,
David Porter; 1830-33, Abraham Cairns;
1822-24, R. C. Ford; 1824-26, David Jlc-
Gahey; 1826-28, John C. Alexander; 1828-
30, J. C. Alexander; 1830-32, J. C. Alexan-
der; 1832-34, William Highsmith; 1834-36,
J. D. McGahey; 1836-38, Wilson Lagow; 1838
-40; H. Alexander; 1840-42, Wm. Wilson;
1843-44, Wm. Wilson; 1844-46, R. G. Mor- '
ris; 1846-48, M. Boyle; 1848-50,* R. G. „
Morris; 1850-52, Jas. C. Allen; 1852-54, W.
H. Sterritt; 1854-56 (Crawford was now in
17th district), Randolph Heath; 1856-58,
Isaac Wilson; 1858-60, H. C. McCleave; 18G0
-62, Aaron Shaw; 1863-64 (Crawford was
now in the 11th district), David W. OJell;
1864-66, Thos. Cooper; 1866-68, D. W. Odeli;
1868-70, Joseph Cooper; 1870-72, Wm. C.
Jones;\Jl873-74 (Crawford was now in the
45th, with three Representatives from the
district), Harmon Alexander, Thos. J. Golden
and J. L. Flanders; 1874-76, E. Callahan, J.
H. Halley and J. W. Briscoe; 187G-78, A.
J. Reavill, J. H. Halley and Wm. Lindsey;
1878-80, A. J. Reavill J. W. Graham and
J. R. Johnson; 1880-83, J. C. Olwin, J. C.
Bryan and W. H. H. Mieur; 18S2-84, Win.
Updyke, J. M. Honey and Grandison Clark.
Miscellaneous. — In the constitutional Con-
vention held at Kaskaskia in July, 1818, Craw-
ford was roprosenteil by Joseph Kitchell and
Edward N. Cullom; in tliat of 1847-8, by Nel-
*The county was districted, and Crawford was a
put of Iho lOth irgislative dit'.ric-t.
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
son Hawley; of 186:3, by H. Alexander; of
1870, by James C. Alien. The county has
furnished one Governor — Augustus C. French
—1846 and 1849; in 1839 Wickliffe Kitch-
ell was attorney-general; James C. Allen rep-
resented the district in the 33d, 34th and 3Sth
Congress; James C. Allen, circuit judge, 1873;
and in 1879 Wm. C. Jones, of Crawford, was
elected circuit judge, and fills the office at the
present time.
Township Orr/anization. — The county, as
we have seen, was divided into three election
precincts at the first session of the court, viz.:
Allison, Lamotte and Union. As population
increased, other counties were formed out of
the vast territory of Crawford, Clark being
set off in 1819, Lawrence in 18'il, and .Jasper
in 1831: thus reduaing the area of Crawford
to its present dimensions. From the time
when it was laid oil into three precincts, its
civil divisions were changed, divided and
sub-divided, to suit the extent of territory
and the increased population. Under the
regime of commissioners, the county was di-
vided into a certain number of election pre-
cincts which, with various changes, was at
the close of the late war as follows: Hutson-
ville, Robinson, Watts, Licking, Martin,
Franklin, Embarras, Northwest, Montgom-
ery, Oblong, Palestine, Southwest. The
Constitution adopted in 1847-8, contained
the provision of township organization — a
provision that was to be voted on by the peo-
ple of each county, and leaving it optional
with them to adopt or reject it in their re-
spective counties. In accordance with the
provisions of that Constitution, and in obedi-
ence to a demand from the people in the
northern part of the State, who had observed
its practical workings in the eastern States,
the first township organization act was passed
by the Legislature. But the law, in attempt-
ing to put it into practical operation, dis-
closed radical defects. It was revised and
amended at the session of 1851, substantially
as it has existed until the recent revision in
1871. The adoption of township organiza-
tion marks an era in many of the counties of
the State. The northern part of the State,
settled by people from the east, principally,
and who, as we have said, were familiar
with the township system, adopted it first,
the people in the southern part being much
more slow to take hold of it.
Crawford County adopted township organ-
ization in 1868, and the county was divided
into townships as follows: All the territory
known by Government survey as the north
half of township 6 north, range 12 west; all of
township 7 north, range 13 west, except one
mile in width on the north side; also one
mile in width off the east side of township 6
north, range 13 west, and sections 12, 13, 24,
25 and 36 of township 7 north, range 13
west, was formed into one township, and
called Robinson. All the territory in frac-
tional township 8 north, range 11 west, and
all of township 8 north, range 13 west, also
one mile in width off the east side of town-
ship 8 north, range 13 west; also one mile in
width off the north side of township 7 north,
ranges 11 and 13 west, and section 1 of
township 7 north, range 13 west — was formed
into a township and called Hutsonville. All
of township 8 north, range 13 west, except
one mile in width off the east side; also frac-
tional township 8 north, range 14 west; also
sections 3, 3, 4, 5 and 6 of township 7 north,
range 13 west, and sections 1 and 3 of town-
ship 7 north, range 14 west, was formed into
a township and called Licking. All of town-
ship 7 north, range 13 west, except one mile
in width off the north and east sides; also all
of fractional township 7 north, range 14 west,
and sections 1 and 3 on the north side; also
the north half of township 6 north, range 13
west, except sections 1, 13 and 13; and mirth
' half of fractional township 6 north, range 14
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
53
Avest, was to be known as Oblong Township.
All of fractional township 7 north, ranpje 10
west, also township 7 north, range 11 west,
except one mile in width on the north side,
and the north half of township 6 north,
ranges 10 and 11 west, to be known as Pales-
tine Township. All of fractional township 5
north, range 10 west, and the south half of
fractional township 6 north, range 10 west,
also fractional township 5 north, ranfre 11
west, and the south half of township 6 north,
range 11 west, was to be known as Franklin
Township. All of fractional township 5 north,
range 13 west, also the south half of township
6 north, range 13 west, also sections 1, 12, 13
and 24 of township 5 north, range 13 west,
and sections 2i, 25 and 36 of township 6
north, range 13 west, to be known as Hebron
Township. All of township 5 north, range
13 west, except sections 1, 12, 13 and 24, also
south half of township 6 north, range 13
west, except sections 24, 25 and 36, also frac-
tional township 5 north, range 14 west, and the
south half of township 6 north, range 14 west,
was to be known as Hardin Township. Upon
reporting tlie names to the Auditor of State,
it was found that four of the new townships
bore the same names as townships in other
counties of the State, and the following
changes were made: Palestine was changed
to Lamotte; Hardin to Martin; Hebron to
Honey Creek, and Franklin to Montgomery
Township.
The first Board of Supervisors elected was
as follows: Robinson Township, Dwight
Newton; Palestine Township, John D. Shep-
ard; Hutsonville Township, John Newlin, Sr. ;
Licking Township, R. R. Lincoln; Oblong
Township, Wm. M. Douglas; Hardin Town-
ship, R. E. Haskins; Hebron Township, Henry
Wierich, and Franklin Township, .Ino. R.
Rich. Since the division of the county into
townships as described above, Southwest
Township has Ijcph formed, comprising the
territory south of the Enibarras River. At
present the townships are represented in the
Board of Supervisors as follows: Robinson,
John Collins; Hutsonville, Simpson Cox;
Lamotte, T. N. Rafferty; Montgomery, Thos.
R. Kent; Oblong, D. T. Newbold; Honey
Creek, George H. Mixwell; Licking, F. iL
Niblo; Martin, John Mulvane, and South-
west, J. C. Spillman.
The township system of Illinois is not
closely modeled after the New England
States. There a Representative is sent di-
rectly from each town to the lower House of
the Legislature. In New York, owing to her
vast extent of territory, this was found to be
impracticable, and a countj- assembly, denom-
inated a Board of Supervisors, composed of a
member from each township, was then estab-
lished. This modified system has been copied
almost exactly in this State.
Townships are often compared by writers
to petty republics, possessing unlimited sov-
ereignty in matters of local concern; and
Boards of Supervisors are often popularly
supposed to be vested with certain limited
legislative powers. Neither is the case.
"Both the county and township boards are
the mere fiscal agents. They hold the purse-
strings of the counties; they may contract,
incur debts, or create liabilities — very great
powers, it is true — but they can not prescribe
or vary the duties, nor control in anjr manner
the county or township officers authorized bv
law. While the Count\' Court of three mem-
bers is a smaller, and, therefore, as a rule, more
manageable or controllable body by outside
influences, there is little doubt that a Board
of Supervisors is not only more directlv ex-
pensive, but also that a thousand and one
pett\' claims of every conceivable character,
having no foundation in law or justice, are
constantly presented, and being loosely in-
vestigated, and tacitly allowed, aggregate no
insi::);iiificant sum.
OHAPTEE Y.*
THE BENCH AND BAR— JUSTICE AND HER SCALES— FIRST COURTS AND WHAT THEY
DID—SOME OF THE EARLY JUDGES— DIFFERENT JUDICIAL DISTRICTS —
THE FIRST RESIDENT LAWYERS— KITCHELL, JANNEY, FRENCH,
ETC.— THEIR LEGAL ABILITY AND SOCIAL TRAITS -
OTHER LAWYERS OF THE COUNTY'— THE
PRESENT BAR, ETC., ETC.
"Let us consider the reason of the case. For no-
thing is Law that is not reason."
• — Sir John Powell.
"Where the law ends, tyranny begins."
—Pit/.
"The law is a sort of hocus pociis science that
smiles in yer face while it picks yer pocket, and the
glorious uncertainty of it is of mair use to the pro-
fessors of it, than the justice of it."
— Macklin.
THE first two of the above cjuotations are
from men who, by lives of stuJy and
toil, had accjuired eminence in the world as
lawyers and as statesmen. Tiie last is from
one who knew nothing of the law; who was
ignorant of its theory and practice, and rep-
resents a common, but utterly mistaken
view, both of the law and its administration.
The law has grown out of the struggles of
nations, states, classes and individuals against
■wrong and for the right. "All the law in the
world has been obtained by strife. Everv
jirinciple of law which obtains, had first to be
■wrung by force from those who denied it; and
every legal right — the legal rights of a whole
nation, as well as those of individuals — sup-
poses a continual readiness to assert it and
defend it. The law is not a mere theory,
but a living force, and hence it is that jus-
tice, which in one hand holds the scales in
which she weighs the right, carries in the
* By Hon. E. Callalian.
other the sword with which she executes it.
Tho sword without the scales is brute force;
the scales without the sword, is the impotence
of law. The scales and the sword belong to-
gether, and the state of the law is perfect only
where the power with which justice carries
the sword is equaled by the skill with wiiich
she holds the scales." No men have more
power, or are clothed vyith more responsibility,
than judges and lawyers who are the ministers
of justice in society, and the history of a State
or a county would be incomplete which omitted
to mention the men who have set on the
bench and practiced at the bar in its courts.
The first court of record held in Crawford
County, as elsewhere stated, was held at the
house of Edward N. Cullom o;i the 15th dav
of September, A. D. 1817, by the Hon. Thomas
Towlc'S, Territorial judge, from October 28,
181.5, until the State was admitted into the
union. The term continued for two davs,
but all business was completed on the first
day. There is nothing in the record disclos-
ing what members of the bar were present.
There were five civil cases on the docket, and
four indictments were returned, two were fir
assault and battery, one for selling whiskv
to Indians, and one for " bringing home a
hog without the ears." The first term of
court held after the State was admitted into
the union was a special term, held on the 7th
day of .July, A. D. 1819, by the Hon. Thomas
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COU.VTV.
65
C. Brown who was ono of the judges of the
Supreme Court, from October 9th, 1818, until
January 18th 1835. This was the term at
which Vniliam Killbuck, Captain Thomas and
B:g Panther, were tried for the murder of
Thomas McCall. AVilliara "Wilson was the
circuit a'^tornev, and William Bado-er was
^\v•orn as his assistant. It does not appear
l.om the record who was counsel for the de-
fendants, or vvhat, if any, attorneys were pres-
ent at this term.
.fudge Brown held all the courts, until
October, 1824, when William AVilson, who
was one of the judges of the Supreme Court
from July 7th, 1819, to December 4th, 1848,
held the court for a single term. The writer
never knew .Judge Wilson until after his re-
tirement from the bench, and can only speak
of him from iiis record as a judge and the
traditions of him, that still exist among the
older members of the bar. As a judge his
written opinions are short, clear, and satis-
factory. They are models of brevity, and
generally contained nothing but good law.
Ills judicial record stands in the history of
the State untarnished by a single act that did
not comport with the dignity of his office.
J udge Wilson was a great lover of stories, and
would often entertain his listeners with
marvelous tales of great herds of cattle and
immense agricultural productions which had
no existence except in imagination. He re-
sided in White County and died several j'ears
ago, at a very advanced old age.
On the division of the State into circuits in
1824, James O. Wattles was elected judge of
the fifth judicial circuit, which included the
county of Crawford. He was commissioned
January 19, 1825, and legislated out of
office by the act of January 12, 1827. Noth-
itig is known, or can be gathered from old
citizens, of the personal history or character
of Judge Wattles. James Hall, judge of
the fourth circuit, held the November term
1825, but was never one of the judges elected
to hold the courts in Crawford County. On
the fourth day of January, 1835, Justin
Harlan, of Clark County, was commissionrd
as judge of the fourth circuit, which th'iii
included this county, and continued to hold
the courts until the year 1859, when the
twenty-fifth circuit was created, and Alfred
Kitchell, of Richland County, was elected
judge in the now circuit. He was succeeded
in 1861 by James C. Allen, then a resident of
this county. .Judge Allen resigned in De-
cember, 18(32, having been elected to Con-
gress, and Aaron Shaw, of Lawrence County,
was elected to iUl the vacancy.
Judge Shaw is a native of the State of Now
York, but came to Illinois while ayouncr man
and resided at I^awrenceville until about the
year 1870, when he removed to Olnej' in
Richland Couiit3'. His reputation has been
that of a criminal rather than a civil lawyer.
He has always had a large practice and has
been a successful lawyer. He is impulsive
and often stormy at the bar, but on the bench
he was always courteous, dignified and impar-
tial. He has been a member of Congress and
is now the member elect from the 16th con-
gressional district of Illinois.
In the year 1865 the. county was again
placed in the fourth circuit, and Hiram B.
Decius, of Cumberland County, was elected
and commissioned on the first day of Decem-
ber, A. D. 1865. He was re-elected and re-
commissioned on the 27th day of June, A. D.
1869. .Judge Decius, was a native of the
State of Ohio, but came to Cumberland
County when a boy. His ojiportunitios for
accjuiring an education were very poor, but he
improved them to the best possible advan-
tage, and read law after he reached his man-
hood. He was a successful practitioner and
during his lifetime acquired a large estate.
He was a rough, but vigorous thinker and
talker. In politics he was a democrat, and
56
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
one who clung to the doctrines and tradi-
tions " of his party. In religion he was a
liberal ist of the broadest gauge.
After the ado]ition of the constitution of
1870, Crawford County was again in the
21st circuit, and .James C. Allen was, on the
2d day of .June, 1873, elected judge for a term
of six years.
James C. Allen was born in Shelby County,
Ky., on the 22d day of .January, A. D. 1822,
and removed with his father to Parke County,
Indiana, in the year A. D. 1830. He lived
* on a farm until 1840, attending the public
school in the winter season and then spent
two years at the county seminary in Rockvillo.
He then entered the law-office of Howard &
Wright, of Rockville, Ind., and pursued liis
legal studies until January, A. D. 18-±4r, when
he was admitted to the bar. He located at
Sullivan, Ind., and in 1845 was elected State's
attorney for the seventh judicial circuit of
the State. At the end of his term of office
he removed to Palestine, Illinois, and sought
health in farming, not, however, abandoning
his profession. He formed a partnership with
Franklin Robb, Esq., of Robinson, which con-
tinued until his election to Congress in
1852. In November, 1852, he was elected to
the State Legislature, and obtained notoriety
by his opposition to what was known as
"State Policy." This policy opposed the
chartering of any railroad which terminated
at or near any city outside of the State of
Illinois, or that would tend to carry the trade
of the State beyond its own borders. It was
an extreme phase of the doctrine of State
rights. Men look back now and wonder that
it should have been advocated by men of the
brilliancy of Linder and the ability of Palmer.
The Vandalia line and the Ohio and Missis-
sippi Railroad Company were seeking charters
to build roads to terminate at East St. Ijouis.
The advocates of State policy were deter-
mined to defeat them unless thev terminated
at Alton. Mr. Allen held that railroads
should be chartered and built wherever the
business interests of the country at large re-
quired, and was the leader in the house of
this liberal policy. His attack upon State
policy was able, earnest and successful, and
was heartily indorsed by his constituents.
He was also opposed to the system of bank-
ing established by the Legislature in 1852,
which has since resulted in disaster to the
business interests of the country.
The reputation which he had acquired in
the State Legislature resulted in his election
to congress in the 7th district in November,
1852; he was re-elected in 1854, and was then
elected clerk of the House of Representatives
that met on the first Monday of December, A.
D. 1858. Over this house lie presided dur-
ing the memorable contest for the election of
a speaker, which resulted in the election of
Mr. Penington, of New Jersey. This was at a
time when bad blood was at fever heat, and
the difficulties of his position as the presiding
officer of an unorganized body of excited men
were very great. But he so discharged the
duties of his position as to receive a unanimous
vote of thanks at the end of the contest. In
1860 he was the candidate of the democratic
party for governor of Illinois, and made a
canvass which commanded the admiration of
both his political friends and opponents,
but was beaten by Hon. Richard Yates.
In 1862 he was elected to Congress for the
State at large, as a "war democrat" over
Eben C. IngersoU, a brother of Hon. Robert
G. IngersoU. During this term in Congress
he possessed the confidence of President
Lincoln, and voted for every appropriation
of men and money which was asked by
the administration to prosecute the war.
Mr. Lincoln tendered him the command
of a brigade, to be known as the Ken-
tucky brigade. This position he declined on
the ground that he had not the military ex-
HISTORY OF CRAAVFORD COUXTY.
57
perience or trainiiinr necessary to fit him for
so responsible a position. He was re-nomi-
nated for Congress for the State at large in
186i, but was defeated by Hon S. W. Moul-
ton, the republican candidate. In 1879 he
was elected, without opposition, a member of
the State constitutional convention, which
Met in January, A. 1). 1870, and framed the
present State constitution. In this conven-
tion he was chairman of the committee on
the I^cgislative Department, and is very
largely the author of the legislative article in
the constitution which was adopted as it came
from the committee. In June, 1873, he was
elected judge of the Circuit Court, which
office he held until 1879. In 1877 after the
Appellate Court was created he was appoint-
ed by the Supreme Court, one of the Appel-
late Judges for the fourth district, and until
1879 discharged the duties of an Appellate
Judge in addition to his service on the cir-
cuit bench. In the fall of 1876 he removed
to Olney in Richland County, where he still
resides. After he left the bench he resumed
the practice of his profession, and is still en-
gaged in it. Judge Allen is a man of rare
natural endowments, a splendid physical
organization and a commanding presence sup-
j)lemonted with a voice that is equally music-
al in telling a story or singing a song, makes
him a welcome guest, in any and every circle.
He has been too much in politics to make
what is called a close lawyer, but his knowl-
edge of the fundamental orinciples of the law
is thorough, and both as a judge and as a law-
yer he uses this knowledge to the best possible
advantage. He is largely gifted with that
kind of sense which enables him to grasp read-
ily and correctly the common questions of
life and controversies of business. This of-
ten serves him better tl; ji the learning of
books. He is an able advocate before a
jury: often eloquent, and always impressive,
ardent, and impulsive, he sometimes strikes
blows that seem uncalled for, but is ever
ready to undo a wrong. As a judga he pre-
sided with dignity, unless overcome by some-
thing funny or ludicrous. He was sometimes
accused of scolding the bar to amuse the laity.
His uprightness and integrity were unques-
tioned; in politics he is arraditional democrat;
in religion, a Presbyterian.
Alfred Kitchell was born at Palestine in the
year A. D. 1820. His education, excepting
three terms at the Indiana State University,
was such as could be obtained in the com-
mon schools. He was admitted to the bar in
December, A. D. 1841, and in 1842 entered
the practice at Olney in Richland County.
In January, 1843, he was elected State's at-
torney for the fourth circuit, and was re-
elected in 1845. He -nas a member of the
constitutional convention of 1847, and in 1849
he was elected county judge of Richland
Count}'. In 1859 he was elected to the cir-
cuit bench in the twenty-fifth circuit. He
assisted to establish the first newspaper ever
published in Olney. In politics he was an
anti-slavery democrat, and naturally opposed
the repeal of the Missouri Compromise and
the extension of slavery. His principles led
him out of the democratic party, and in 1856
he assisted in the organization of the repub-
lican party, with which he acted until his
death in November, A. D. 1876. He was an
active promoter of the Ohio and Mississippi
Railway, and was opposed to what was then
called "State policy."
Judge Kitchell was at the Crawford County
Bar for many years, and is remembered by its
older members as one of the most pleasing
and gentlemanly of lawj^ers. He was always
courteous in his intercourse with others. As
an advocate he was clear and practical rather
than eloquent. His standard of honor and
integrity was a high one, and he lived well
up to it.
Though he left the count v before he was
58
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
admitted to the bar, the fact that he was born
and lived to manhood in the county, and then
returned to it, both as a lawyer and a judge,
entitles him to a place in its history.
In 1877 the judicial system was so changed
as to create the State into thirteen circuits
and provide for the election of one judge in
each circuit, to hold until the year 1879, when
three judges should be elected in each of the
thirteen circuits. Under this change John
H. Hatly, of Jasper County, was elected in
the second circuit, and held tlie courts of this
county during his term of office. Judge Ral-
ly is a Virginian by birth, and resided, until
near the close of the war, in the south. He
was "subjugated" before many of his com-
rades in the southern army, and came north
to avoid the final catastrophe. His literary
and legal education are both liberal, and
•when aroused he is a formidable adversary in
a lawsuit. He is eminently social and loves
the sports of a Virginia gentleman. The
music of his splendid pack of hounds falls
pleasantly on his ear, and he joins in the
chase with the utmost eagerness. He justly
enjovs a large practice, and is held in high
esteem by those who know him, both as a
man and a lawyer.
On the IGth day of June, 1879, Chauncy
S. Conger, of White County, Thomas S.
Casey, of Jefferson County, and William C.
Jones, of Crawford County, were elected
judges in the second circuit. Since tliat
time the courts in this county have been
held by Judge Jones, excepting when changes
of venue called in one of the other judges.
Judge Jones was born at Hutsonville, July
15th, 1848. His father, Caswell Jones, Esq.,
was a successful merchant, and died in March,
1853. His mother was mari'ied to E. Callahan,
in June, 1855; in 18G1 Mr. Callahan, removed
to Robinson and opened a law office. Young
Jones, of his own choice, went into the Moni-
tor newspaper office, and for near one year
performed the duties of the youngest ap-
prentice. In 1863, he entered as a student
in the Oliio Wesleyan University, where
he remained for tiirec years. In 18G7 he
read law in the office of Messrs. Callahan
& Steel, after which he attended a course of
law lectures at the Iilichigan State Uni-
versity at Ann Arbor. He was admitted to
the bar May 9th, 1SG8, and in June formed a
Copartenship with Mr. Callahan which con-
tinued for ten years. On the •^5th of Novem-
ber, 1809, he married to Mary H. Steel, daugli-
ter of James H. Steel, Esq., then a member
of the Crawford County Bar. In November,
1870, he was elected member of the 27th
General Assembly. In November, 1877, he
was elected judge of the County Court,
which office he filled with entire satisfaction
to all parties until June 1879, when he was
elected to the circuit bench. He has
brouirht with him into the judicial office
that unflagging industry, and energy, and
high sense of justice and right, wliich have
made his life a success. He is still a young
man, and one of whom his friends expect much
in the future. He resides in Robinson and
takes a lively interest in the affairs of his
town and county. He is a democrat in poli-
tic.*, and has always been elected as a par-
tisan candidate. He belongs to no church,
but believes in the Bible and the doctrine of
the Christian religion.
It is impossible to notice the lawyers of the
bar in the order in which they properly
stand, and all that can be done is to give them
severally such mention as the writer has been
able to gather from the data at his com-
mand.
Wickliffe Kitchell wns born on May 21st,
1789, in the State of New Jersey. He was
descended from Robert Kitchell, who came
from England in the year 16:!9, and was the
leader of a community of Puritans who set-
tled at Cjruili'ord Colony of Connecticut.
HISTORY OF (RAWFORI) COUXTV.
59
Robert removed to Newark, New .Jersey, in
ItitiO, where many of desoendants still reside.
Early in the present century Asa Kitchell,
the father of VVickliffe removed with his fam-
ily to what was then the " far west," and
WicUliffe reached his majority in the vicinity
of what is now Cincinnati, Ohio. School
privileges were in those early days, extremely
limited, and the time spent b}- him at school,
according to his repeated statement, did not
exceed two or three months; but between the
hours of laljor, and by the fire-lii;ht at night,
he succeeded in obtaining a fair English edu-
cation, sufficient for the practical duties of
life. On the 29Lh of February, 1812, he mar-
ried Elizabeth Ross, with whom his early
childhood has been passed, and who, with her
parents, had emigrated from New Jersey in
company with the Kitchell family.
About the year 181-i he removed to south-
ern Indiana, upon White River. That portion
of the country was then an almost unbroken
wilderness and was largely occupied by tribes
of hostile Indians, and lie and his wife and
family, with other families, wei-e often com-
])elled to seek shelter and security in the forts
and block-houses that existed here and there
in the thinly settled region. He was elected
sheriiT of the county in which he resided
(pre.-umably Jackson County), and was, of
course, thrown much in contact with lawyers
and others in attendance upon the courts,
and he determined to read law. He obtained
possession of a few text-books, and those he
read by the light of log fires and during rainy
days. While clearing ground about his
Indiana cabin he cut his foot with an ax so
severely as to lame him for life; and this
accident served to strengthen his resolutioTi
to continue in his course of reading-, and he
was eventually admitted to the bar. In 1817
he removed to Palestine, Illinois, where he re-
sided until in the year ] 838. He was a soldier
in tlie Black Hawk war, but was coinpuUed
to return before its conclusion on account of
the lameness of his foot. He thought the
war was cruel and unnecessary, and never
failed to comment severely upon the manner
in which it was prosecuted. He was a mem-
ber of the lower house of the General As-
sembly of 1820-21 from Crawford County.
In the spring of 1838 he removed to Hillsboro,
Montgomery County, Illinois, in order to give
his children the advantages of the excellent
schools then flourishing at that place. He was
again elected a member of the Legislature
from Montgomery County in IS-tl. He held
the office of State's Attorney for several years.
In 1839 he was appointed Attorney General
of the State and held that office for one year.
In 1847 he moved with the remnant of his
family, to Fort Madison, Iowa, remaining
there for seven years, and again returned to
Hillsboro, Montgomery County. He had the
true pioneer spirit, and only declining years
prevented him from going to the Pacific
coast. After the death of his wife, October
5th, 1802, having ceased to practice his pro-
fession, he spent the remainder of his days
with his children, who were settled at diflfer-
ent places in Illinois and Indiana, and mostly
with his youngest son, John W., at Pana,
•Christian County, Illinois, and where he died
on the 2d of February, 18GD, at the ripe age
of 80 years.
From the time of its organization until
1854 he was a member of the democratic
party. In that year, objecting strongly to the
ground taken by the party on the slavery ques-
tion he abandoned the organization forever
and took strong, anti-Nebraska ground. He
was present as a delegate at the first Repub-
lican State Convention held at Bloomington,
Illinois, and was a zealous supporter of that
party and its policy until his death. He re-
tained to a remarkable degree his activity of
mind and habits of physical labor.
Eldridge S. Janney was born July 12th,
00
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
ISO , in Alexandria, Virginia. His father
was Thomas .Tanney, a wealthy merchant, and
ship owner of that city. Mr. Janney was a
graduate of Nassau Hall College, Princeton,
New Jersey, and continued his reading of
chissic literature in the original languages
until the shadow of total blindness fell upon
the pages of the old authors, and hid them
from him forever. He read law with Thomas
Hewitt, Esq., and in 18'-i7, immediately after
his admission to the bar, came to Crawford
Countj', and began the practice of his profes-
sion. He was a careful, painstaking lawyer;
a good special pleader. His address to a
jury was terse and forcible, rather than elo-
quent. He was a member of the State Legisla-
ture in the sessions of 1844, and 1846.
Governor Ford, in his history of the State
of Illinois, pays a high compliment to Mr. Jan-
ney, for his action on the canal loan question,
which resulted in saving the State from the
disgrace of repudiation. In 1853 his sight
had so far failed him, that he was compelled
to abandon his profession.^ He removed to
Marshall, in the county of Clark, and engaged
in a woolen-mill, which he carried on until his
death on the 17th day of December, A. D. 1S75.
In politics he was a democrat; in rebgion, a
liberalist; in all the relations of life, a gentle-
man.
William H. Sterrett was born in Nova
Scotia, and read law with the Hon. Lucius
Case, of Newark, Ohio. He came to Robin-
son, about the year 1845, and engaged in the
practice of his profession, and was continually
in practice until 1853, when he was elected
county judge. His health was already fail-
ino-, and he abandoned practice, and shortly
after the expiration of his term as county
juda-e he returned to Nova Scotia and died.
He was a member of the lower House in the
eighteenth. General Assembly. As a law-
yer he was positive in his positions when
taken. He was not an orator, but an earnest
and zealous advocate of the cause of his
client. As a judge he was willful and arbi-
trary, and took but little counsel beyond that
of his own will. He administered the law
as he understood it.
Elihu McCtilloch was a native of South
Carolina and a graduate of Columbia College.
He removed first to Gibson County, Indiana.
In the year A. D. 184G he located in Robin-
son and engaged in the practice of the law
and continued until in the fall of 1849 when
he died. He was a brother-in-law of Hoii.
Franklin Robb, a member of the present
Crawford County Bar. He was a democrat
in politics. A man of industry and deeply
learned in the science of law. He gave
promise of a career of usefulness to the pub-
lic and honor to himself.
Augustus C. French, came from New Eng-
land to Edgar County, and represented that
countv in the Legislature of 183G. In 1839
h3 removed to Palestine, having received an
appointment in the land-office at that place,
a position he filled for about three years. He
was a man of business as well as law and
purchased lands south of Palestine which he
afterward converted into a beautiful country
seat which he called " Maplewood." In the
fall of 1840 he was elected Governor of the
State, and was re-elected in 1849 at the
election held under the constitution of
1847, and was governor until January, 1853,
when he was succeeded by Joel A. Matteson,
of Will County. Governor French was a
man who was little understood by the mass
of the people. His rigid economy in aff'airs
of business was called stinginess, and many
stories are still current in regard to his
habit of gathering and saving in small
thino-s. When it is known that all his care
and saving was to feed, clothe and educate
younger brothers and sisters who were de-
pendent upon him, and that all he made and
saved for many years was religiously devoted
HISTORY OK CRAWFORD COUXTY
61
to that purpose, it presents his character in a
iairer light, and a more charitable judgment
than has been usually accorded to it. His ad-
ministration of the alFairs of the State was
fininently successful. He never afterward
entered actively into the practice of law, but
alter a few years of leisure at Maple wood, he
roMioved to Lebanon and took charge of the
law school at ]\[cKendree College. He died
several years ago, respected by all who knew
iiiui, as an honest man. Politically he was
a democrat. In reHgion he was a Methodist.
George W. Peck, one of the brightest
ornaments of the Crawford County Bar, was
born at Salem, and educated at Greencastle,
Indiana. He was twenty-one years of age
when he located in Robinson in the summer
of 1853. Old lawyers at once recognized his
worth and accorded to him a high position in
the profession. He rapidly obtained a prac-
tice which steadily increased until he entered
the army in ISGl. Ho was a good special
pleader, and his address to a jury was always
clear, logical and often eloquent. His mental
and physical organization were both of very
fine texture and eminently fitted him for a
high rank in the legal profession. He was a
delegate to the national convention which
nominated Mr. Lincoln for President. He
was a great admirer of ilr. Lincoln |)ersonally
and politically, and entered into the campaign
for his election with all the enthusiasm of his
ardent nature. He organized and com-
manded the "wide awakes" and in tin's
showed a capacity for organization and drill
that was extraordinary. His speeches durino-
this campaign ranked with those of the best
orators of the partj'.
At the commencement of the war he raised
a company of men and repaired to camp at
Mattoon. This company became company
I in the 21st regiment of Illinois volunteers,
commanded by Col. U. S. Grant. During
the campaign in Missouri he was much ex-
posed and contracted bronchitis, from which
he never recovered. He remained with his
regiment and participated in every battle in
which it was engaged, and when Col. (irant
was made a general. Captain Peck was made
Lieut. Col., and after the death of Col. Alex-
ander he commanded the regiment until he
was too feeble for duty in the field. He was
then detailed for duty as Provost Marshal at
Louisville, Ky., and discharged the duties of
that position with honor to himself and the
service until his constitution broke down
entirely and compelled his resignation, and he
returned to his mother at Salem, Indiana, to
die. He had that rare courage that enabled
him on all occasions to act as duty prompted,
reason guided and conscience dictated.
Though he died young he lived long enough
to win reputation as a lawyer and lame as a
soldier.
James N. Steel was Ijorn in Philadelphia,
and removed to Crawford County in his boy-
hood. He was several years clerk of the
county court, and on his retirement from thai-
ofBce read law, and on the thirteenth day of
July, A. D. 185", was admitted to the bar,
and commenced practice. His large acquaint-
ance and perfect familiarity with business
gave him at once a large business. His first
view of a legal question was generally correct,
while further reasoning often led him into
doubt. He was a fine special pleader and
very quick to detect faults in the pleadings
of his adversary. He had a clear, intellectual
face and a pleasant conversational voice. His
address to court or jury was usually clear
and logical, and was addressed to the judg-
ment rather than to the passions. As an
office lawyer he has had no equal at the Craw-
ford County Bar. His social qualities were
of a high order. He was successful in busi-
ness and left a handsome property to his
children. He was among the first to unite
with the republican party in the county, and
62
flISTOKY OF CK.VWFOUD COUNTY.
was a zealous advocate of its pi-inciples. His
health failed and he retired from practice,
and died in Robinson on second day of De-
cember, A. ]). 18r3.
W.liiain Clendeniiin Dickson came to this
county from Indiana as a physician and prac-
ticed medicine for several years in Moutpjo-
mery and Honey Creek Townships. He was
known as an active democratic politician and
speaker. At the election of 1861 he was
elected County Judge and held that office
four years. He had previously read law and
was now regularly admitted to the bar, and
during his life time continued to practice.
He came to the bar too late in life and lived
too short a time to acquire either a large
practice or reputation as a lawyer. He died
at Robinson in the year A. D. 1873.
Alfred G. Lagow was a member of the
C awford County Bar in its early history when
the courts were held at Palestine. The writer
has been unable to learn the date of his ad-
mission to the bar or the date of his death.
From the court records it would appear that
his practice was not large or very long con-
tinned, but papers prepared by him still re-
maining on file show care and legal skill. He
was a son of Wilson Lagow, one of the oldest
settlers of the county, and those who remem-
ber him speak of him as a kind, pure-hearted
gentleman.
Edward S. Wilson, of the Richland County
Bar, is a native of this county, and entered
the practice in Robinson about the year 1860.
In 1863 he was appointed State's attorney for
the circuit and for several years discharged
the duties of that office with ability. During
his official term he removed to Olney, where
he ?ti.l has a large praetice, and stands among
the foremost members of the bar in that
county.
Henry C Firebaugh, now a member of the
San Francisco Bar, is also a native of this
county. He read law in the office of Mr.
Callahan and was admitted to practice in
1864, and remained a short time in the county
when he went to California, where he has
been rewarded with a very large measure of
success.
In the olden time when judges and lawyers
" rode the circuit " together, such men as
Gen. W. F. Snider, Hon. O. B. Ficklin, .Judge
Charles H. Constable, Joseph G. Bowman,
William Harrow, Senator John M. Robinson,
John Scholfield and E. B. Webb were often
seen at the bar of this county and talcs are
still told by the "old settlers" of the con-
ti'sts that took place between these giants of
the law in courts where there were but
few books, and plausible speeches were of
much more value than they are at the pres-
ent time in winning verdicts from either court
orjurv. The limits of this chapter forbid
more than a mere mention of the names of
these old men, the most of whom have been
summoned to a "bench and bar beyond the
murky clouds of time."
The present bar of Crawford County con-
ists of the following membars:
The Hon. Franklin Robb who was born
Februarj' 15, A. D. 1817, in Gibson County,
Indiana, and was licensed to practice law in
Indiana in January, A. D. ISlo. Licensed
in Illinois in the year 1847, and began prac-
tice in Robinson in 1851.
Ethelbert Callahan was born in Licking
County, Ohio, December 17, A. D. 1839.
Admitted to the bar in 1860, and practiced
in Robinson since 1S61.
Jacob C. Olwin was born December 6,
1838, near Dayton, Ohio, and admitted to the
bar in 1864, and has practiced in this county
since that time.
George N. Parker was born April 9,
1843, in Crawford County, Illinois, and was
admitted to practice in the State Courts June
IS, 1870, and in the Supreme Court of the
United States December 9, A. D. 1S78.
'i^&c^e^^a^
^^^^i.^^.^^
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
65
Presley G. Bradbury was born in Crawford
County, Illinois, October 6, 18i7, and ad-
mitted to the l)ar in Illinois on the 4th day of
July, 1876, and in Indiana in November,
isrs.
James O. Steel was born in Crawford
County, Illinois, on the 7th day of Jan-
uary, 1848, and admitted to the bar in Jan-
uary, A. D. 18r3.
John Calvin Maxwell was born in Craw-
ford County, Illinois, on the 26th day of
September, A. D. 181:7, and admitted to
the bar on the 7th day of January, A. D.
1876.
Singleton B. Allen was born in Parke
County, Indiana, on the 7th day of Septem-
ber, A. D. 1840, and admitted to the bar
in the State of Illinois, on the 29th day of
January, 1863.
Mathias C. Mills was born in the State of
Indiana on the 22d day of February, A. D.
1838, and admitted to the bar in the State
of Indiana March 17, A. D. 18G1, and in the
State of Illinois Sept. 27, A. D. 1882.
Alfred H. Jones was born in Crawford
County, Illinois, on the -Ith day of July,
A. D. ]850, and admitted to the bar in Illi-
nois on the 14th day of .June, A. D. 1875.
Joseph B. Crowley was born in Coshocton
County, Ohio, on the 19th day of July,
A. D. 1858, and admitted to the bar in Illi-
nois on the 15th day of June, A. D. 1882.
Enoch E. Newlin was born in Crawford
County, Illinois, on the 22d of February,
A. D. 1858, and was admitted to the bar in
Illinois in June, A. D. 1882.
Lucian N. Barlow was born in Crawford
Countv, Illinois, on the 1st day of Novem-
ber, A. D. 1854, and admitted to the bar in
Illinois on the 17th day of June, A. D. 1882.
The present bar of Crawford County will
compare favorably with the bar of any of the
surrounding counties, both in legal ability
and personal character. The majority of its
members are young men with the larger part
of their professional life yet before them. So
far they have done well and their present
standing gives promise that the high charac-
ter of the county bar in the past will be
maintained in the future.
CHAPTER VI.
INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS— THP: FIRST ROADS AND BRIDGES-KAILROADS-COMINCx OF
THE IRON HORSE— THE OLD WABASH VALLEY ROUTE-PARIS AND DANVILLE
—ITS COMPLETION, CHANGES AND CONDITION-EAST AND WEST
RAILROAD PROJECTS— THE NARROW C4ADGE-VALUE AND
ECONOMY OF THE SYSTEM— OTHER ROADS THAT
WERE NEVER BUILT, AND NEVER
WILL BE, ETC., ETC.
THE building of roads and the construction
of highways and bridges, rank as the most
important public improvements of a State or
a county. When the first whites came to
Crawford County, the canoe of the Indian
still shot along the streams; the crack of his
rifle echoed through the solitudes of the great
forests, and the paths worn by his moccasined
feet were alone the guiding trails of the emi-
grant's wagon. There were no roads through
the country, nor bridges over the streams.
But as soon as the white people obtained a
hold in the country, and became firmly set-
tled, they turned their thoughts to roads and
highways. Among the first acts of the
County Court after its organization was the
laying out of a road from the house of Ed-
ward N. Cullom's to the head of Walnut
Prairie, and another from the same place to
Jones' ferry. In 1823 the first important
highway was laid out under an act of the Leg-
islature, viz: a road from Palestine to Van-
dalia. This was the commencement of road
building in the county, and, while the system
of wagon roads are not of the best quality,
yet they compare favorably with the roads in
any prairie country, where the material for
macadamizing is not plentiful, or to be easily
obtained. There are places on the Wabash
_ * By W. H. Perrin. . ...
River, however, where good material £or mak-
ing roads may be had, but the people have not
yet awakened to the necessity of using it for
that purpose. Although the roads of the
county are poor in quality, they are sufficient
in quantity for all practical purposes and
matters of convenience, and may be thus
clas ed: good in summer but execrable in
winter.
The first bridge built in the county was
across Lamotte Creek at or near Palestine,
and was rather a rude affair. We find in the
early court proceedings an order allowing a
small sum for the use of a "whip saw," for
sawing lumber for this bridge. As the people
grew well-to-do, and increased in worldly
goods, they devoted more attention to inter-
nal improvements, by building roads and
bridges wherever required, until to-day we
find the county well supplied with these
marks of civilization.
Jtailroads. — But the grand system of in-
ternal improvements are the railroads. They
surpass all others, and affect, more or less,
every occupation of interest. Agriculture,
manufactures, commerce, city and country
life, banking, finance, law, and even govern-
ment itself, have all felt their influence. But
especially has it contributed to the material
organization for the diffusion of culture
among the people, thus preparing the condi-
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
67
tioiis for a new step in social proirress.
Wholly unknown three fourths of a century
ago, the railroad has become tlie greatest
single factor in the development of the ma-
terial progress, not only of the United States
and of the other civilized nations of the
earth, but its blessings are being rapidly ex-
tended into the hitherto semi-civilized and
barb.irous portions of the globe.
The earliest attempts at railroad building
in the West originated in the desire to ennch
that vast domain by the system of internal
improvements. This fever of speculation
broke out in several parts of the United
States about the year 1835. It appeared in
Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana and Illinois
nearly at the same time, and, when past, left
an enormous debt on each. In Illinois, it
amounted to nearly fifteen millions, while in
Pennsylvania it was more than double that
amount, and in Ohio and Indiana it was near-
ly equal to Illinois. Examination of the
legislative acts of the Prairie State at that
period, discloses an almost unbroken line of
acts for the construction of some highway,
which was destined only to partially see the
light of day in detached parcels, some of
which still remain as silent monuments of a
supreme legislative and popular folly. When
the collapse came, in 1837, and work on all
was entirely suspended, only the old North-
ern-Cross Railroad — now a part of the Wa-
bash, St. Louis & Pacific — was found in a
condition fit to warrant completion, and that
only for a short distance. It was originally
intended to extend from Meredosia through
Jacksonville, Sijringfield, Decatur and 13an-
ville to the eastern line of the State, where it
was expected it would be joined to some road
in Indiana and be continued eastward. A
vast quantity of flat bar rails had been pur-
chased in England by the agents of the State,
at an enormous expense, too; and quite a
quantity had been brought to Meredosia, pre-
paratory to being laid on the track. In the
s[iring of 1838, some eight miles of this old
track were laid, and on the 8th day of No-
vember of that vear, a small locomotive, the
" Rogers," made in England and shipped
here in pieces — "knocked down," as we
would say at the present day — was put to-
gether and made atrial trip on the road. It was
the first locomotive that ever turned a wheel
in the Mississippi Valley, and on the day of
this trial trip, carried George W. Plant as
engineer; Murray McConnell, one of the
Commissioners of Public Works; Gov. Dun-
can, James Dunlap and Thomas T. January,
contractors; Charles Collins and Myron Les-
lie, of St. Louis.
The most imposing ceremonies character-
ized the laying of the first rail on this road
May 9, 1837; and on through the summer,
the work proo;ressed slowly until when, as al-
ready stated, the locomotive made the pioneer
trial trip in the Valley of the Great West.
Only twelve years before had the first rail-
road train made a trip in th«*new continent;
and only a }-ear or two before this, had the
first application of steam been successfully
made in this manner in England. The first
practical locomotive was probably invented
by a Frenchman, Joseph Cugnot, of Void,
Lorraine, France. He made a three-wheeled
road-wagon in 1770, which was used with
some success in experimenting; but owing to
the French Revolution breaking out soon
alter, the machine was abandoned, and is now
in the museum at Metiers. One of the first
locomotives built for use in America was
made for Oliver Evans, who, owing to the in-
credulity existing at that day, could not get
the necessary permits required by the State
Legislature to erect one here, and sent to
London, where, in 1801, a high-pressure lo-
comotive was built for him. It was not, how-
ever, until 1830 that one was built in the
United States. That year Peter Cooper, then
68
HT.STORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
an enterprising mechanic and builder, con-
structed an excellent one for the day, with
which, on the 38th of August of that year,
he made a public trial, running it from Balti-
more to Ellicott's Mills, twenty-six miles, at
an average speed of twelve miles per hour.
From that date the erection of American lo-
comotives became a reality. Now they are
the best in the world.
The first railway ever built, was a simple
tramway of wooden rails, used in the collier-
ies in the North of England. It is difficult
to determine whon they began to be used —
probably early in the seventeenth century.
The covering of the wooden rail with iron was
only a question of time, to be, in its turn, dis-
placed by a cast-iron rail; that, by a malleable
one, which, in turn, gave way to the present
steel rail.
AVhen the use of steam applied to road
wagons came to be agitated, one of the first
uses it was put to was the hauling the cars to
and from the coal mines. By and by, pas-
sengers began to ride on them; then cars for
their use were made; then roads were built
between important commercial points, and
with the improvement of the locomotive, and
increase of speed, the railway carriage came
to be a palace, and the management, construc-
tion and care of railroads one of the most stu-
pendous enterprises of the age.
The first tramway, or railway, in America
was built from Quincy, Mass., to the granite
quarries, three miles distant. The first rail-
vvay, built in America, on which "steam-
cars" were used, was the Mohawk & Hudson
Road, completed in 1831. On the 9th day of
August of that year, the pioneer passenojer
train of America was hauled over this road,
drawn by the third American locomotive,
John B. Jervis, engineer. The train con-
sisted of three old-fashioned coaches, fastened
together by chains, which, in the sudden
starting and stopping, severely jolted the
passengers — so much so, that fence rails were
placed tightly between the cars, thus keeping
the chains taut. From the rugged Eastern
States, the transition to the level prairies of
the West was an easy matter, culminating in
the eflForts already described.
When the great collapse of the internal im-
profement system came, leaving only one
small road of a few miles in length, so far
completed as to warrant work to be continued
on it, the shock was so great that it was
twelve years before another was begun and
put in working order. In February, 1850, the
Chicago & Elgin (now the Chicago & North-
western) Railroad was completed to Elgin,
and a train of cars run from one city to the
other. From that date, until now, the march
of progress in railroad development has been
uninterrupted and constant.
During the speculative fever that raged
throughout the Western States, and the extrav-
agant legislation on internal improvements,
several railroad enterprises were inaugurated,
then abandoned, but with returning prosperity
and confidence taken up again and roads
finally constructed. The route from Terre
Haute to Alton is one, whose earliest incep-
tion may be traced back to 1835, and the old
Wabash Valley Railroad (which was never
built) is another. It was not until about
1849-50, that the country became aroused
from its lethargic condition, and began to
open its eyes to a dawning prosperity. By
that time the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad had
reached the eastern line of the State, and
asked permission to cross to St. Louis, its con-
templated western terminus; but it here met
with a check that took it years to overcome.
A " State Policy " party sprung up, denying
the right of any foreign corporation to cross
the State, especially when the effect be to en-
rich the neighboring City of St. Louis, a city
Alton was vainly endeavoring to outstrip in
the march of progress, and which she then
HISTORY OF CliAWFOKD COUNTY.
69
confidently expected to do. This " State
Policy " party held several rousing meetings
in the furtherance of their scheme — a scheme
delusive in its effects upon the State at large,
and confined mainly to the Alton interest.
Counter-influences were aroused, however, and
an antagonistic parts^, much inferior at first,
began to appear. The culmination came when
the Terre Haute, Vandalia & St. Louis Road
asked for a charter. The Baltimore & Ohio
Road had succeeded in their endeavor to build
their track across the State, a right mainly
brought about by the press outside of the
State. It had, with one voice, denounced the
"" policy " as narrow, selfish, mean, contempt-
ible and invidious. It was sustained by the
press in the northern part of Illinois, and hid
already begun to open the eyes of many influ-
ential persons belonging to the Policy party.
When the Vandalia Road asked for its char-
ter the Policy party exerted themselves to
the utmost to defeat it, and for a time pre-
vailed. "While these affairs were agitating
the State, Congress had passed the act grant-
ing a magnificent domain of land to the Illi-
nois Central Railroad. The United States
Senators from Illinois wrote letters to many
influential men at home, urging upon them
the necessity of being more liberal in their
acts to foreign corporations, and not attempt
to arrogate to the State, a right she could not
expect to possess. They further urged that the
donation from the general government could
not have been secured had not they pledged
their earnest effort to wipe out this disgrace-
ful policy. These influences had their effect.
The "Brough" road, so-called from its prin-
cipal projector, afterward Governor of Ohio,
gained a charter and was enabled to begin
work on its proposed Vandalia line. In the
meanwhile influences were working to build
anew the projected roads of the improvement
period. But to the roads of this county.
Southern Illinois was far behind the central
and northern portions of the State in railroad
progress, and it is but recently that Crawford
County could boast of a railroad, though
efforts were made for one many years ago.
Among the railroad projects which have
agitated this section of the country, and in
which the people of the county have taken
more or less interest, may be mentioned the
following: " The Wahiish Valley Railroad,"
" St. Louis & Cincinnati," " Terre Haute &
Southwestern," "Chicago, Danville & Vincen-
nes," " Tuscola & Vincennes," " Paris & Dan-
ville," " East & West Narrow Gauge," " Indi-
ana & Illinois Commercial," " Pana & Vin-
cennes," " Cincinnati & St. Louis Straight
Line," etc., etc. Of these the Paris & Dan-
ville, novp a division of the Wabash, and the
East & West Narrow Gauge Road, are all
that have been carried to completion.
The building of the Paris & Danville,
grew out of the old project of the Wabash
Valley Railroad. The latter was agitated as
far back as 1850-52, and its origin, doubtless,
might be traced still farther back — to the pe-
riod of the Internal Improvement fever. The
project was well conceived, and had it been
carried out at that day, it would have proved
a formidable rival to the Illinois Central. It
was intended to extend from Chicago to Vin-
cennes, and ultimately to the Ohio River,
thus connecting the commerce of that great
water highway, with the lakes of the north.
A company was formed, under the title of the
"Wabash Valley Railroad Company," and
work commenced, and prosecuted with more
or less activity, for several years. Much of
the grading was done in this county, as may
still be seen between Huisonville and Pales-
tine, which was the settled route of the road.
But the hard times, an insufficiency of capital,
the general indifference manifested toward it
in portions of the country through which it
70
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
p.issod, and dowiu-ig-lit opposition in otlicrs,
had their effect, and the project was finally
abandoned.
After the close of the war, the enterprise
of a road from Chicago to the Wabash Valley
was again agitated under the title of "Chicago,
Danville & Vinccnnes Railroad." As such it
was chartered February 16, 180.5, and the
main line put in operation in 1872. After
numerous changes it hocame the Chicago &
Eastern Illinois, and with leased lines extends
from Chicago via Danville, through Indiana
to Evansville. March 3, 18G9. the Paris &
Danville Railroad Company was organized,
to extend the Chicago, Danville & Vincennes
on south through Illinois instead of through
Indiana, as then seemed the intention of the
latter company. The road was ]iut in opera-
tion from Danville to Paris in September,
1873, aljout the time the Chicago, Danville &
Vinccnnes was finished, but was not com-
pleted to Robinson until in August, 187.3.
During the same fall it was finished to Law-
renceville, on the Ohio & Mississippi, and
connection made with that road, and arrange-
ments effected, by which the P. & D. trains
commenced running into Vincennes in May,
1876, over the O. & M. tracks. This was the
first railroad (out of all the railroad projects
agitated from time to time) completed
through Crawford County.
The Paris & Danville was built on the old
grade of the Wabash Valley Railroad in this
county, until after leaving Hutsonville, when
it diverged to the west in order to tap Rob-
inson. It proved of considerable advantage
to the county, and to the country generally,
through which it passed — although from its
very completion it has been but poorly man-
aged. There is no just reason why it should
not be a valuable and profitable road, if kept
in good condition. In August, 1875, a re-
ceiver was appointed, and the road operated
by him until June 30, 1879. The purchasers
then operated it fcjr a few months, when, on
the 8th of Octol)fr following, a new company,
under the title of "• Danville & Southwestern,"
was formed, and took possession of the prop-
el ty. This company bought, or leased the
Cairo & Vincennes Railroad, built a link from
Lawrenceville to St. Francisville on the latter
road, thus making a complete and direct line
from Danville to Cairo. In September, 1881,
it was consolidated with the Wabash, St.
Louis & Pacific Railway, and has since been
operated as a division of the Wabash system.
The Danville & Southwestern, or, as now
known, Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific, passes
through as fine a section of country as may
be found in the State. Together with the
Chicago & Eastern Illinois, with which it
connects at Danville, it forms an unbroken
line from Cairo to Cliicago, that is said to be
eleven miles shorter than by the Illinois (Cen-
tral. But the dilapidated and even danger-
ous condition in whicli the road is allowed to
remain, and the arbitrary manner in which it
is managed, is a reproach to the Wabash
company, and a disgrace to the country
through which it extends. The Railroad
Commissioners, and the people who must
necessarily patronize it, and who aided in
building it, should take the matter into their
own hands, and compel its improvement, or
stop its operation.
An east and west railroad through this
county is an old project, and one agitated
years ago. A company was organized in
1869 at Sullivan, Ind., as the "Indiana & Illi-
nois Commercial Railroad Company," for
the purpose of building a railroad from
Worthington, Ind., to Vandalia, 111. In No-
vember, 1809, a vote was taken in Crawford
County, to donate )S100,000 to this road, and
carried by 430 majority in favor of the dona-
tion. Tho company was reorganized, or,
rather, a new one formed, which was entitled
the " St. Louis & Cincinnati Railroad Com-
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
71
psny," and the vote of the county again
taken upon the proposed donation of
$100,000, and again carried by a good ma-
jority. At the same time the townships of
Oblong, Robinson and I>amotte, voted an ad-
ditional donation of $20,000 each. The agi-
tation of the project was kept up for several
vears, and considerable interest manifested
by the leading citizens of the county, and a
strong belief prevailed that it would be built
at no distant day. The enterprise, however,
smouldered for awhile, and about 1875-6 it was
revived, and the idea entertained of building a
narrow gauge railroad upon the contemplated
line. The project of building a narrow
gauge road from Terre Haute to Cincinnati
was receiving considerable attention, a matter
that seemed favorable to the building the
east and west road through this county upon
the same gauge to connect with the former
road somewhere east of the Wabash River.
Upon the subject of narrow gauge rail-
roads in place of our present system, a late
writer says: "As fast as the different lines
wear out and need rebuilding, the narrow
three foot g:aua:e is claimino; a large share of
the attention of railroad men and capitalists;
and it seems not improbable that the argu-
ments in favor of a complete reorganization
of our railroad traffic, will become so strong
in a few years as to make the three foot
gauge as prevalent in this country as the old
four foot ten inches has been and is now.
The first argument consists in the economy
of construction — the narrow gauge costing
but little, if any, over 50 per cent, per mile
upon the cost of present roads. The grad-
ing and embanking require vastly less labor,
while for ties, iron, spikes, etc., there is a cor-
responding reduction. Another point in their
favor is the facility and cheapness with which
the narrow gauge cars can be run after being
built. ******
" Gen. Rosecrans, an eminent engineer, in
a letter published a few years ago, which at-
tracted much attention among railroad men,
showed from official records that the cost of
the railroads of the country up to the close of
the year 1867 (39,244 miles), amounted to
$1,600,000,000. The narrow gauge would
have been built from 30 to 50 per cent,
cheaper, while the cost of transporting thereon
would have been reduced at about the same
rate. When we compute the money that
might have been saved in the original con-
struction, and also the annual saving accru-
ing from decreased expenditures under the
narrow gauge system, we find ourselves in pos-
session of an aggregate amounting to nearly
one half of the national debt. But the amount
to be saved when the railroad system of the
country in the future becomes well-nigh de-
veloped by the narrow gauge, supposing the
fi<rures ffiven to be accurate and reliable, are
prodigious." A work published a few years
ago shows that, should the States composing
the present Union come to have railway
mileage " averaging what Ohio already has,"
it would give us 165,800 miles. The result
then of the new system is something worth
considering. It requires but little mathe-
matical genius to calculate the sum to be
thus saved in railroad construction and man-,
agement.
The east and west road, after many ups
and downs, was built through the county as
the Springfield, Effingham and Southeastern
narrow gauge railroad, and trains put on it
in the summer of 1880. A bridge was built
across the Wabash River, and the trains began
running through from Effingham to Swissi
City in December following, the road doingi
an excellent business. But the bridge was
washed away in January, 1882, and has not
yet been rebuilt. Everything now must be
transferred at the river by boat to the Indi-
ana division, thus causing great inconven-
ience, and losing to the road much freight andl
HISTORY OF CU.VWFOHD COUNTY.
business that it would otherwise receive.
All things considered, the little narrow
gau^e is a better road, is in better condition,
and much safer to the traveling public than
the Wabash, which, after all, is saying but
little to the credit of the narrow gauge.
The Terre Haute & Southwestern Railroad
was ail enterprise that at one time excited
considerable interest in this county. It was
to start from Terre Haute, cross the Waljash
somewhere between Darwin and York, and
thence in a southwesterly direction, via 01-
ney or Flora, tap the Mississippi River at a
convenient place, and so on to a southwestern
terminus. This route would open up a re-
gion then having but few railroads, a region
rich in mineral wealth, as well as in agricult-
ural resources. Lines were surveyed, work
was commenced and some grading done in
places. Much of the timber for the bridge
over the Wabash was gotten oat and col-
lected at the place of crossing, and every-
thing seemed to indicate the building of the
road. But amid the great number of railroad
projects of the country, it was lost or swal-
lowed up, and now it is, we believe, wholly
abandoned. The same fate has overtaken a
number of other railroads which, had they
all been completed, would have made Craw-
ford County a perfect network of iron rails.
CHAPTER YIL*
THE "RAGING" WABASH— IMPROVEMENT OF ITS NAVIGATION— BOATING IN THE EARLY
TIMES— OVERFLOWS, LEVEES, ETC.— DAMAGE DONE TO THE FARMERS— AGRI-
CULTURE-EARLY MODE OF OPENING AND CULTIVATING FARMS-
PIONEER PLOWS AND HOES— CRAWFORD COUNTY AGRI-
CULTURAL SOCIETY— INCORPORATION AND LIST
OP OFFICERS— HORTICULTURE— THE
COUNTY POOR, ETC., ETC.
THE improvement of the Wabash River
is a question that has long agitated the
country contiguous thereto. The navigation
of tins stream in the early settlement of Craw-
ford Coun ty was a matter in which the people
then were much interested, as they relied
chiefly upon it to reach the best markets for
the disposal of their surplus products. Fifty
years ago boating on the Wabash vras no in-
considerable business. Flat boats loaded
witii grain, pork, hoop-poles, staves, etc., etc.,
were taken out of the Wabash every season
by scores, thence down the Ohio and Missis-
sippi to New Orleans, which was then the
best and most liberal market this country
could reach. Many steamboats used to come
up the Wabash, some of large tonnage, in
high water, and load with grain and pork for
the Cincinnati, Louisville and New Orleans
trade.
Many efforts have been made to improve
the Wabash so as to make it a permanent, re-
liable and durable water highway, and the
question has been agitated in Congress from
time immemorial almost. It was the opinion
of many wise men (who were interested in
its improvement), that with but little work and
expense it might be made one of the best and
* By W. H. Perrm.
most profitable water routes in the whole
country, while others, with an equal amount
of wisdom perhaps, but less pecuniary inter-
est, did not think much of it as a water
highway. Of the latter class, was Dr. J. W.
Foster, who, in a letter to the New York
Tribune^ gave his opinion as follows:
" With regard to the importance of tlie Wa-
bash River as a great artery of trade, I am
not profoundly impressed. This stream, like
Ohio, each year its sources are cleared up
and its swamps drained, appears to flow with
diminished volume. A survey with reference
to the improvement of its navigation has just
been completed under direction of the United
States Topographical Bureau, and the plan
contemplated is to remove the snags and
sawyers, and e.xcavate channels through the
sand-bars. This plan, while it might remove
many impediments, would not increase, but
rather diminish, the average of water, by per-
mitting to flow more freely, and wlien com-
pleted would only admit of the navigation of
the river for a limited portion of the j'ear by
steamers of small capacity. To slack-water
the river would be impracticable, for the in-
tervals borderint^ the stream are broad, and
lar^e tracts of rich land, now cultivated,
would be inundated and renih^red valueless.
The only feasible method to render the Wa-
74
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
bash thoroughly navigable, is to start at the
head of Lake Michigan, say at Michigan
City, and cut a canal, at least 100 feet broad
on the bottom, to the northernmost bend of
the Wabash, and us"^ a jDortion of the water
of that great reservoir to keep the river in a
boatable condition, except when closed by
ice. By this means water communication far
cheaper than any land conveyance, might be
maintained throughout the entire length of
the State of Indiana and a good portion of
Illinois, thus uniting the commerce of the
Ohio and Mississippi Rivers with the Great
Lakes."
The foregoing is perhaps the most practica-
ble view to be taken of the Wabash River
improvement, and no doubt something like
that sooner or later will be done. The time
is not very far distant, when water highways
will receive more attention than they do now;
when they will be used by the people in self-
defense, that is, in competing with great rail-
road monopolies. The subject of canals, as
affording cheaper transportation for heavy
freights than railroads, is now being strono-ly
agitated in many portions of the country, and
we believe it a question of but a few years,
when the building of canals, especially in the
West, will become a reality.
Boating on the Wabash, as we have said,
was a big business years ago. Some of our
readers, whose memory extends back to the
river period, will doubtless remember, and
will be interested in knowing the time and
occasion of the following wrecks on the Wa-
bash: In 183(3 the steamer Concord, which
plied between Cincinnati and Lafayette, Ind.,
was wrecked four miles below Clinton going
up. The Highlander sunk two miles below
Montezuma in 1849; the Kentucky, a fine
bo:it. Wis wrecked in 1838 at York cut-ofF
The Visitor collided with the Hiram Powers
in 1849 at Old Terre Haute. The Confidence
struck a snag in Hackberry bend and floated
down two miles where she sunk, many years
ago. " In those days," said an old river man
to us, in speaking of the river business, " the
Wabash was an important stream. Laro-e
vessels constantly plowed her waters and
an immense trade was done." It was the
only way the early settlers had of getting to
market, except by wagons and teams. As
the country settled, and towns sprung up,
teaming to St. Louis and Chicago, relieved
the river of much freight which had formerly
reached market through that source alone,
and in later years the railroads have almost
entirely absorbed the river business.
It would be of almost unto:d value to the
country bordering the Wabash River, if some
plan could be invented, or some means
adopted, to secure the lowlands from inunda-
tion. Its periodical overflows annually de-
stroy hundreds of thousands of dollars worth
of property, often sweeping away in a few
short hours a whole year's labor of the farm-
er. When the Wabash gets on the rampage,
it can cover more ground than any other river
of its size in the world perhaps, and carry
away wheat shocks and stacks, and overflow
cornfiel Is by wholesale. In the summer of
IS? J, and again in 1876, it overflowed all the
low country bordering it, and the damage to
farmers in Crawford County alone aggregated
many thousand dollars. Some farmers were
almost totally ruined financially, while all
who owned and cultivated farms in the bot-
toms sustained more or less loss.
A system of leveeing its banks was under-
taken a few years ago, but has never been of
much, if any, benefit to the farmers of the
county. Under a law of the Stato, Commis-
sioners were appointed to manage the work.
They issued bonds and taxed people accord-
ing to the amount of benefit they would
probably receive from the levee. Much of
the work was done, and the contractors were
paid in bonds, which they afterward sold, or
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
75
entleavoic'd to sell, as best thtn' cnuid. The
levee was never completed, a fact which ren-
dered that portion built, valueless. Squab-
bles and differences arose among those inter-
ested; law suits followed, and finally the
Supreme Court decided that the levee bonds
were unconstitutional. The matter thus
ended in a grand fizzle. Some who invested
in the bonds sustained considerable loss, and
are not yet through swearing at the enter-
prise. Indeed, the subject of levee bonds
is scarcely a safe topic of conversation to this
day in a miscellaneous crowd in the eastern
part of the county.
Agriculture.- — This science is the great
source of our prosperity, and is a subject in
which we are all interested. It is said that
" gold is the jiower that moves the world,"
and it might truthfully be said that agricult-
ure is the power that moves gold. All thriv-
ing interests, all prosperous industries, trades
and professions, receive their means of sup-
]3ort, either directly or indirectly, from the
farming interests of the country. Its prog-
ress in Crawford for nearly three quarters of
a century, is not the least interesting nor the
least important part in its history. The pio-
neers who commenced tilling the soil here
with a few rude implements of husbandry,
laid the foundation of that perfect system of
agriculture we find at the present day. They
were mostly poor and compelled to labor for
a support, and it required brave hearts, strong
arms and willing hands — just such as they
possessed — to conquer the difficulties with
which they had to contend.
Jolinston, in his " Chemistry of Common
Life," gives the following graphic descrip-
tion of the system of farming commonly
adopted by the first settlers on this continent,
and which applies to a single county with as
much force as to the country at large. He
says: " Man exercises an influence on the
Boil which is worthy of attentive study. He
lands in a new country and fertility every-
where surrounds him. The herbage waves
thick and high, and the massive trees sway
their proud stems loftily toward the sky. He
clears a farm from the wilderness, and ample
returns of corn repay him for his simple la-
bor. He plows, he sows, he reaps, and from
the seemingly exhaustless bosom of the earth
gives back abundant harvests. But at length
a change appears, creeping slowly over and
gradually dimming the smiling landscape.
The corn is first less beautiful, then less abun-
dant, and at last it appears to die altogether
beneath the scourge of an unknown insect or
a parasitic fungus. He forsakes, therefore,
his long cultivated farm, and hews out an-
other from the native forest. But tlie same
early plenty is followed by the same vexa-
tious disasters. His neighbors partake of the
same experience. They advance like a devour-
ing tide against the verdant woods, they tram-
ple them beneath their advancing culture;
the ax levels its 3'early prey, and generation
after generation proceeds in the same direc-
tion— a wall of green forests on the horizon
before them, a half-desert and naked region
behind. Such is the history of colonial cult-
ure in our own epoch; such is the history 01
the march of European cultivation over the
entire continent of America. No matter
what the geological origin of the soil may be,
or what the chemical composition; no matter
how warmth and moisture may favor it, or
what the staple crop it has patiently yielded
from year to year; the same inevitable fate,
overtakes it. The influence of long, contin-
ual human action overcomes the tendencies
of all natural causes. But the influences of
man upon the productions of the soil are ex-
hibited in other and more satisfactory results.
The improver takes the place of the exhauster,
and follows his footsteps on these same al-
tered lands. Over the sandy and forsaken
tracts of Virginia and the Carolinas he
76
HISTORY OF CRAWrORD COUNTY.
spreads large applications of shelly marl, and
the herbage soon covers it again, and profita-
ble crops; or he strews on it a thinner sow-
ing of gypsum, and as if by magic, the yield
of previous years is doubled and quadrupled;
or he gathers the droppings of his cattle and
the fermented produce of his farm-yard, and
lays it upon his fields, when lo! the wheat
comes up luxuriantly again, and the midge,
and the rust, and the yellows, all disappear
from his wheat, his cotton and his peach trees.
But the renovater marches much slower than
the exhauster. His materials are collected
at the expense of both time and money, and
barrenness ensues from the early labors of the
one far more rapidly than green herbage can
be made to cover it again by the most skill-
ful, zealous and assiduous labors of the other."
There is a great deal of truth in the above
extract, and we see it illustrated in every
portion of the country. The farmer, as long
as his land produces at all plentifully, seems
indifferent to all efforts to improve its failing
qualities. And hence the land, like one who
nas wasted his life and exhausted his ener-
gies by early dissipation, becomes prema-
turely old and worn out. When, by proper
care and timely improvement, it might have
retained its rich productive qualities thrice
the period.
The tools and implements used by the pio-
neers of Crawford County, were few in num-
ber and of a poor quality, and would set the
farmer of the present day wild if he had to
use them. The plow was the old " bar share,"
with wooden mold-board, and long beam and
handles. Generally they were of a size be-
tween the one and two horse plows, for they
had to be used in both capacities. The hoes
and axes were clumsy implements, and were
forged and finished by the ordinary black-
smith. If any of them were broken beyond
the abilitv of the smith at the station to re-
pair, a new supply had to be procured from
the older settlements. There was some com-
pensation, however, for all these disadvan-
tages under which the pioneer labored. The
virgin soil of the Wabash Valley, when once
brought into cultivation, was fruitful, and
yielded the most bountiful crops. As a sam-
ple of the corn produced, under poor prepa-
ration and cultivation, we learn fiom Mr.
Leonard Cullom that his father planted
ninety acres of sod corn in 1815, the next
year after he came to the county, from which
he raised a large crop, and shipped a flat boat
load to New Orleans, retaining enough at
home to last him plentifully until he could
grow another crop.
The first little crop consisted of a " patch "
of corn, potatoes, beans and other garden
" truck." In some instances a small crop of
tobacco and of flax were added. Quite a
number of the settlers also raised cotton for
several years. Indeed, it was thought in the
first settlement of Southern Illinois, that cot-
ton would eventually become the staple crop.
But the late springs, and the early frosts of
autumn soon dispelled this belief. Cotton
was produced more or less, however, for a
number of years, and the people were loth to
give up the attempt to grow it successfully,
but, in time, were forced to yield to the un-
propitious seasons.
But with the settlement of the country,
the increase of population, and the improve-
ments in stock, tools and agricultural imple-
ments, the life of the farmer gradually be-
came easier, his farming operations greater,
and agriculture developed and improved ac-
cordinglv. The change was not made in a
year, but the growth and development of the
farming interests were slow, increasing by
degrees, year by year, until it reached the
grand culmination and perfection of the
present day.
Agricultural societies, as an aid to farming
and the improvement of stock were formed,
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
77
ami i'aiis were held to promote the same end.
The iirst agricultural association of Crawford
County was organized about 1856-7.
Grounds were purchased and improved in
tiie northeast part of Robinson, adjoining the
cemetery. In IbTO these grounds were sold
for some $500, and the present grounds, one
mile west of town, were purchased. They
comprise twenty acres, for which the society
paid $30 per acre. The grounds have been
enclosed, good buildings erected, stalls put
up, trees planted, wells sunk, so that now
the society possesses in them a very good
property.
About the year 1871, it was incorporated
under the general law of the State relating
to such organizations, as the Crawford Coun-
ty Agricultural Board. Since that period,
the officers of the board have been as fol-
lows: For 1872 — Hickman Henderson, pres-
ident; A. J. Reavill, R. R. Lincoln and
"VVm. Updyke, vice-presidents; Guy S. Al-
exander, recording secretary; Wni. C. Wil-
son, corresponding secretary, and Wm. Par-
ker, treasurer.
Officers for 1873 — Hickman Henderson,
l>resident; A. J. Reavill, R. R. Lincoln and
W'ra. Updyke, vice-presidents; Guy S. Al-
exander, recording secretary; Wm. C. Wil-
son, corresponding secretary, and Wm. Par-
ker, treasurer.
Officers for 1874 — James S. Kirk, presi-
dent; I. D. Mail, D. B. Cherry and G. Bar-
low, vice-presidents; W. Swaren, recording
secretary; W. L. Heustis, assistant secretary,
and Wm. Parker, treasurer.
Officers for 1875 — Wm. Updyke, president;
Oliver Newlin, Sargent Newlin and A. .1.
Reavill, vice-presidents; W. Swaren, re-
cording secretary; W. L. Heustis, assistant
secretary, and Wm. Parker, treas^urer.
Officers for 1876—1. D. .Mail, jjresldent;
J. M. Highsmith, J. H. Taylor and T. J. Sims,
vice-presidents; W. Swaren, recording sec-
retary; W. L. Heustis, assistant secretary, and
Wm. Parker, treasurer.
Officers for 1877 — J. S. Kirk, president;
McClung Cawood, W. A. Hope and Wm.
Athey, vice-pesidents; W. Swaren, secre-
tary, and Wm. Parker, treasurer.
Officers for 1878 — P. P. Connett, presi-
dent; Alva Burner, McClung Cawood and
W. A. Hope, vice-presidents; L. V. Chaffee,
secretary, and Wm. Parker, treasurer.
Officers for 1879— P. P. Connett, president;
Alva Burner, G. Athey and J. H. Taylor, vice-
presidents; W. Swaren, secretary, and Wm.
Parker, treasurer.
Tiie constitution was amended at this time
by adding a fourth vice-president to the
board, and one or two other subordinate
officers.
Officers for 1880 — Wm. Updyke, president;
J. M. Highsmith, Sing B. Allen, B. Wood
and J. L. Woodworth, vice-piesidents; L. V.
Chaffee, secretary, and Wm. Parker, treasurer.
Officers for 1881 — L. E. Stephens, president;
Wm. Athey, Wm. Wood, D. M. Bales and
J. L. Woodworth, vice presidents; L. V.
Chaffee, secretary, and Wm. Parker, treasurer.
Officers for 18s3* — L. E. Stephens, presi-
dent; Wm. Wood, J. M. Highsmith, Wm.
Fife and Bennett Wood, vice-presidents;
L. V. Chaffee, secretary, and Wm. Parker,
treasurer.
Horticulture. — Gardening, or horticulture
in its restricted sense, can not be regarded ag
a very prominent or important feature in the
history of Crawford County. If, however,
we take a broad view of the subject, and in-
clude orchards, small fruit culture and kin-
dred branches outside of agriculture, we
should find something of more interest and
value.
That the cultivation of fruit is a union of
* No fair was held in 1881, en account of the great
drouth, and the old officers held over.
78
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
the useful and beautiful, is a fact not to be
denied. Trees covered in spi-ina; with soft
foliage b;ended with fragrant flowers of
wliite, and crimson, and gold, that are suc-
ceeded by fruit, blushing with bloom and
down, rich, molting and grateful, through all
the fervid beat of summer, is indeed a tempt-
ing prospect to every landholder. A peo])le
so richly endowed by nature as we are should
give more attention than we do to an art that
supplies so many of the amenities of life, and
around whirh cluster so many memories that
appeal to the finer instincts of our nature.
With a soil so well adapted to fruits, horticult-
ure should be held in that high esteem which
becomes so impoitant a factor in human
welfare.
The climate of this portion of the State,
antl of Crawford County, is better adapted to
fruit culture than further north, though as a
fruit-growing region it is not to compare
to some other portions of our countrj'. The
same trouble mentioned in connection with
cotton-growing, applies as well to general
fruit-culture, viz.: the variability of tempera-
ture, being subject to sudden and frequent
changes, to extreme cold in winter, and to late
and severe frosts in spring, as well as to early
and killing frosts in the fall.
The apple is the hardiest and most reliable
of all fruits for this region, and there are
probably more acres in apple orchards, than
in all fruits combined, in the county. The
first fruit trees were brought here by the
pioneers, and were sprouts taken from varie-
ties around the old home, about to be forsaken
for a new one, hundreds of miles away. A
Mr. Howard, who settled in that portion of
Crawford County, now in Lawrence, is suj)-
posed to have planted the first apple trees in
this section, and to have brought the scions
with him when he came to the country. Ap-
ples and peaches are now raised in the
county in considerable quantities, and small
fruits are receiving more attention every year
— especially strawberries and raspberries.
Many citizens, too, are engaging in grape cult-
ure to a limited extent.
Coiinty Paupers. — "The poor ye have
with you al way." It is a duty we owe to that
class upon whom the world has cast its frowns,
to care for them, and furnish them those com-
forts and necessaries of life wiiich their mis-
fortunes have denied them. None of us
know how soon we may become a member of
that unfortunate portion of our population.
" The greatest of these is charity," find to
what nobler purpose can superfluous wealth
be devoted than to succoring the poor, and
relieving the woes of suffering humanity.
Crawford is far behind many of her sister
counties in the care of her paupers. A large
majority of the counties in the State own
large farms, with commodious buildings upon
them, where their paupers are kept and kind-
]j cared for. This county seems to always
have " farmed " out the poor, as it were, or, in
other words, to have hired anybody to keep
them who was willing to undertake the
charge. This does not strike us as the bes
method of exercising charity, nor the most
economical. Where the county owns a good
farm well improved, the institution, if proper-
ly managed, can be rendered well-nigh self-
supporting. Yerhum sat sajpie/Ui.
CHAPTEE YIII.*
THE COUNTY PRESS-ITS INFLUENCE IN THE COMMUNITY— NEWSPAPER ENTERPRISES
OF CRAWFORD COUNTY— THE CONSTITUTION AND ARGUS— EDUCATIONAL— PI-
ONEER SCHOOLHOUSES AND TEACHERS-ADVANTAGES OF EDUCA-
TION—SCHOOL STATISTICS— RELIGIOUS HISTORY— EARLY
PREACHERS-CHURCHES ORGANIZED, ETC., ETC.
"A history which takes no account of what was
said by the Press in memorable emergencies befits an
earlier age than ours." — Horace Greeley.
THE subjoined sketch of the Press was writ-
ten for this work by George W. Harper,
Esq., at our earnest solicitation. The article
is an excellent one and we commend it to our
readers. It is as follows:
A history of a county without a chapter on
the newspaper history, would be " like the
play of Hamlet with Hamlet left out." There
is no more faithful historian of a community
than the local press; and be it ever so hum-
ble or unpretentious, it. can not fail in the
course of years to furnish valuable iftforma-
tion for future reference. A file of the local
paper for a dozen or more years presents a
fund of information, the vali^ of which can
hardly be estimated.
Some people have an idea that newspapers
will lie; others are so wise that they will only
believe a newsjiaper report when they think
it would be easier for the paper to tell the
truth than to tell a lie; others think it the evi-
dence of flashing wit to reject with a deri-
sive laugh any evidence for authority that
comes from " the newspapers." To .such an
extent has this thoughtlosj juilgnient of the
press been carried, that much of its sphere of
usefulness has been circumscribed. It is true
By W. H. Perriii.
there must be some occasion for this wide-
spread impression — " there must be some fire
where there is so much smoke." Yet how
many men can show a record for correctness,
accuracy and truthfulness that will at once
compare with the average newspaper? The
editor gathers his news from a thousand
sources, from acquaintances and strangers,
from letters and papers. He sits and culls,
hunts and details, and endeavors to get "the
straight"' of every story he publishes, for it
goes to the world over his own name, and he
knows that in a great measure he will be held
responsible. The private individual hears a
piece of gossip, listens carelessly to another
with equal carelessness, and if called upon
for details, in nine cases out of ten can not
give enough of them to make an intelligent
item for a newspaper. " Writing makes an
exact man," says Lord Bacon. ' The news-
paper verifies the truth of the statement.
Let any one who doubts this sit d ixvn and
put on paper some piece of gossip, with the
purpose of having it printed over his own
signature, and he will see in a moment how
little he knows about a matter he thought
himself familiar with. He will then wonder
not that the newspaper should contain occa-
sional inaccuracies and misstatements, but
that it contains so few. And his wonder will
wonderfully increase when he remembers
that the editor has to deoend for so much of
so
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
■what he publishes on the common run of man-
kind.
An eminent divine has truly said, "the lo-
cal paper is not only a business guide, but it
is a pulpit of morals; it is a kind of public
rostrum where the affairs of state are consid-
ered; it is a supervisor of streets and roads;
it is a rewarder of merit; it is a social friend,
a promoter of friendship and good will.
Even the so-called small matters of a village
or incorporate town are only small to those
■whoso hearts are too full of personal pom-
posity." It is very important if some school
boy or school girl reads a good essay, or
speaks well a piece, or sings well a song, or
stands high in the class-room, that kind men-
tion should be made publicly of such suc-
cess, for more young minds are injured for
■want of cheering ■words, than are made vain
by an excess of such praise. In the local
papers, the marriage bell tolls more solemnly
than in the great city dailies. The rush and
noise of the metropolis take away the joy
from items about marriages, and detract from
the solemnity of the recorded death; but
when the local paper records a marriage be-
tween two favorites of society, all the readers
see the hapjiiness of the event; and equally
when the columns of such a home paper tell
us that some great or humble person has
gone from the world, we read with tears, for
he was our neighbor and friend.
The Wabash Sentinel. — The pioneer paper
of Crawford County was the Wabash Senti-
nel. It was established at Hutsonville, in
1852, by George W. Cutler, a printer who
came from Evansville, Indiana, bringing his
press and material from that place. The
paper was independent in politics. Its pub-
lication was continued by Mr. Cutler some-
thing over a year, when the material and
good-will were transferred to Ethelbert Calla-
han, then a pedagogue of the village, no^w
one of the leading attorneys of Southeastern
Illinois, and a prominent Republican poli-
tician of the State. Under Mr. Callahan's
administration the name of the paper was
changed to the Journal., and its publication
was continued for something over a year,
when the material was sold and removed to
Marshall, Clark County.
llie Muralist. — This was the next news-
paper venture, and was established in Pales-
tine, in 1856, by Samuel R. Jones, a native
Virginian, •who had been brought up by
Alexander Campbell, the eminent minister
of the gospel and expounder of the doctrine
and faith of the religious denomination
known as Disciples or Christians. The Ilu-
ralist, like its predecessors, was independent
in politics. Jones was rather an eccentric
man, with numerous professions, combining
those of a preacher, lawj-er and doctor, with
that of editor and publisher. He was im-
bued with the spirit of "Reform" in almost
everything, and ■was disposed to make the
paper a special advocate of his own peculiar
notions and isms. In December, 1S5G,
George W. Harper, a printer boy of some
eiiihteen years, came from Richmond, Indiana,
and w as employed by Jones to take mechan-
ical charge of the Ruralist, and as he had
" so many irons in the fire," he soon virtually
surrendered all charge of the paper into Har-
per's hands, who endeavored to make it more
of a literary and local paper than it had been
previously. Its publication was continued
until October, 1857, when it was suspended,
and Dr. Jones removed to Wooster, Ohio, to
take pastoral charge of the Christian church
there. He remained about a year, and just
prior to the breaking out of the late war, he
removed to Mississippi. After the close of
the war himself and son published for a short
time a religious paper at Garner, Hinds
County, that State. He is now located at
^^;^^/^>^lx/x-7^^/_^^_^
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
83
Jackson, Miss., and although over seventy
years of age is still actively engaged in the
ministry.
The. Crawford Banner. — Tliis paper was
stiirted at Hutsonville in July, 1857, by W.
F. Ruljottom, who came from Giayville, this
State, and was puhlished by him as an inde-
])endent paper until October of the following
year. Jlr. Rubottom c mmeiiced the prac-
tice of medicine when he retired from the
jjublication of the Danner, and afterwerd
went West.
The Huhinson Gazette.— The Gazette was
the first paper published in Rol)inson. After
the suspension of the Jiuraliat, the material
was leased to G. W. Harper, moved to Rob-
inson, and the first issue of the Gazette made
its appearance December 1^, 1857. This was
the first political paper issued in the county.
Mr. Plarper, the editor, although not a voter,
t;iLing strongground in favorol' the principles
of the Douglas wing of the Democratic party.
Tiio pu lication of the Gazette was continued
by Mr. Harper until the expiration of his lease
in 1858, when the paper was suspended, and the
material passed into the hands of O. H. Bris-
tol & Co., to whom it had been mortgaged by
Dr. Jones to secure the paj-ment of a debt.
Harper then purchased the Banner at Hut-
sonville, and removed it to Palestine, where
he continued its publication for a year as a
Democratic paper. In July, 185 ', while pub-
lishing the Banner, its editor took the "Wa-
bash shakes," and did not succeed in getting
rid of them until tlie October following. The
paper had a somewhat sickly existence also,
and suspended publication in November.
The Yellow Jacket. — Such was the " blis-
tering " name given to a paper started at
Palestine in December, 1859, by Dr. A. Ma-
lone and E. Logan, on the ruins of the de-
funct Banner. Dr. Malone withdrew from
the paper in a few months, and left Logan
in sole charge, who continued its publication
for about three years. Tlie paper was Re-
publican in politics, and in the campaign of
1800 contained sliarp and spicy editorials,
which made it quite well known in this part
of the State.
The Crawford County Bulletin. — .\s the
Yellow Jacket was the onlv paper in the
county, the Democrats were not well pleased
with its sharp thrusts and cutting sarcasm;
especially so, Hon. J. C. Allen, the Demo-
cratic ntmiinee for Governor of the State,
then residing in Palestine. He therefore
purchased the material at Robinson, and Hor-
ace P. Mumford, then connected with a pa-
per at Greenup, but recently from Kenton,
Ohio, was placed in charge, and in July, 1860,
commenced the puljlication of the Crawford
County Bulletin, at Robinson, as a Demo-
cratic paper. Tlie paper was very ably
edited, and was during the campaign a fear-
less and outspoken advocate of its party
])riiiciples. When the war broke out the
editor was one of those patriotic men who
wanted "country first and parly alterwaid,"
and hence took a decided stand in favor of
the prosecution of the war for the preservation
of the Union. He assisted in recruiting:
three or four infantry companies in this
county, and in September, 1861, he raised a
company for the Fifth Illinois Cavalry, of
which he was commissioned captain. He was
afterward promoted to be major of the same
regiment. He made a gallant and dashing
cavalry officer, being quite frequently men-
tioned and commended in reports of his su-
perior officers for his bravery and daring in
battle, skirmish and raid. In October, 1861:,
having been nominated by the Union party
of this Senatorial district for State Senator
he obtained leave of absence for thirty days
from his regiment, then stationed at Vicks-
burg, and left for home. He was first to re-
port at Springfield. Arriving there he was
taken with a severe spell of dysentery, and
84
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
died in two or three days, aged twenty-three
years. The publication of the Bulletin was
continued a short time after Mumford went
into the army, by his brother, W. D. Mum-
ford, and N. T. Adams, two young printers.
Young Mumford withdrew in the summer of
18(32, and left Adams in charge. After con-
tinuing the publication alone for a few weeks
Adams also abandoned tlie paper, and it was
suspended.
The Monitor. — The publication of the
Yelloto Jacket, at Palestine, having been sus-
pended, Mr. Logan now got hold of the Bul-
letin material and started the Monitor, at
Robinson, which had a rather lively six
months' existence, when it "joined the grand
army gone before." The Bulletin was again
resurrected by Charles Whaley, a printer
from Terre Haute, and had a very sickly ex-
istence of " half sheets " and " doubled ads "
for some six months, when it too " turned its
toes to the daisies."
The Constitution. — This paper was estab-
lished in October, 1863, by John Talbot, who
purchased the Bulletin material. He contin-
ued as editor and publisher of the paper for
some three years, during which time the
Constitution was conceded to be the ablest
edited, most fearless and outspoken Demo-
cratic paper in this section of the State.
While the course of Mr. Talbot was severely
criticised by the opposition press and party,
he was conceded to be honest and conscien-
tious in his views, and was a perfect gentle-
man in his intercourse with all.
Mr. Talbot was born in Tipperarj', Ireland,
September 21, 1797, and died in Robinson
September 22, 1874. When quite young he
removed to Canada, and after remaining in
that province several years he emigrated to
the United States, settling in Perry County,
Ohio, where he engaged in the hardware
trade at Somerset. While in business there
he came across Phil Sheridan, then a poor
Irish boy, and took him into the store.
Through Mr. Talbot's influence Sheridan ob-
tained his appointment to West Point, and
undoubtedly owes his present position to the
kind offices of Mr. Talbot. Having indorsed
rather heavily for friends who failed to meet
their own obligations, the property of Mr.
Talbot, accumulated by several years of in-
dustry and toil, was swallowed up to meet
these demands, and he came to Illinois with
a bare pittance. In 1867, owing to failing
health, he relinquished control of the paper
to his son Henry Grattan Talbot. That dread
but sure disease, consumption, had already
marked Henry for its victim, and he was able
to give to the office and paper but little per-
sonal attention, being soon confined to his
room. On the 2d day of January, 1808, he
died, aged twenty-four years. The senior
Talbot again assumed charge of the paper,
and continued as its editor and publisher un-
til some two years prior to his death, when he
relinquished its control to his son Richard,
the present senior editor and publisher. At
his death the office was left by devise to his
widow. Richard Talbot continued as editor
and publisher until the death of his mother,
when the office was purchased by himself and
brother, Percy J. Talbot. The two brothers
continued as joint publishers until March,
1879, when Richard sold his half interest to
Thomas S. Price, present county clerk. Af-
ter his election as clerk Mr. Price desired to
retire from the printing business, and in
March, 1880, Richard Talbot again became
the senior editor and publisher of the jiaper.
It is a good live newspaper, and the Demo-
cratic organ for this county.
The Robinson Argus. — The first number of
the Argus was issued December 10, 1863, by
George W. Harper, the present editor and
proprietor, under whose control it has been
ever since, excepting a few months in 1866-
67. The office was leased to Wm. Benson,
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
85
a printer from Sullivan, Iiid., in October,
1SG6, under whose management the paper
suspended in about three months. On ac-
count of a severe affliction of rheumatism,
from whiih Mr. Harper has been troubled
more or less from boj-hood, he sold the office
after its suspension, but no satisfactory ar-
rangements being made for resuming publi-
cation of the paper, he repurchased it in some
two or three months, and its publication was
resumed by W. E. Carothers, under Mr.
Harper's management. This arrangement
not proving satisfactory, Mr. Harper in a few
motiths again assumed full charge of the pa-
per as editor, publisher and proprietor, and
by strict attention to Dusiness and good man-
agement, has made it rank with the best
country papers of the State. The office is
equipped with a fine cylinder press, and ma-
terial for doing fine printing of all kinds, pre-
senting quite a contrast to the outfit with
which the paper was started, occupying then
a small room with only one 10xl2-light win-
dow. The paper being of the minority party,
published in a town which had less than 800
inhabitants until within the last six or seven
years, enjo^'ing none of the "official" pat-
ronage of county officers, has proved a mira-
cle of success, and is a worthy tribute to the
business enterprise and management of its
proprietor.
The Real Estate Advertiser. — This was
a monthly publication started at Palestipe
in October, 1871, by Andrew E. Bristol, a
real estate agent at that place. The pnper
was printed at the Argus office in Robinson.
It was very ably edited, containing historical
articles, and others calculated to advertise the
fertility of the soil and business resources of
the county. Mr. B. was competent to his
task, and would no doubt have made a suc-
cess of his undertaking. After issuing the
fcecond number of the paper, and while prepar-
ing copy for the third in his room one night,
he was suddenly stricken with paralysis, and
laj' upon the floor helpless through the night
and a greater portion of the succeeding day,
before being discovered. He had suifered
intensely during this time, and died in a few
days afterward.
The Palestine JVeirs.- — The N'ews was a
little paper started at Palestine in 187'i by
N. M. P. Spurgeon, a semi-mute printer,
who, after publishing it some six months,
removed to Hutsonville, where the publica-
tion was continued as the Hutsonville N^ews
some six months longer, when it went, too, to
its last rest.
7^he Crawford Democrat. — This was the
next paper started " to fill a long-felt want,"
and made its appearance in Robinson in May,
1879, with Ira Lutes as editor and proprietor.
Mr. Lutes had previously been engaged in
mercantile Inisiness in Robinson, became dis-
satisfied, and thought the newspaper business
his special forte. After the lapse of some
five or six months he conceived the idea that
this was not a proper location, and packed
his material and removed to Lincoln, Kansas,
where he started up again, but soon after-
ward sold out and went into other business.
The Palestine Saturday Call. — This paper
was started in July, 1880, by W. E. Carothers,
a printer who had at different times been em-
ployed on the Argus. The paper was printed
at the Argits office. An edition for Hutson-
ville, under the name of the Herald, was also
issued. The Call was a spicy little local
paper, started on the " three months plan."
Although it had proved a financial success,
its publisher chose to aljandon it at the end
of the first quarter, to prevent its becoming
stranded on financial breakers.
The Anti- Monopolist was started by "The
Anti-Monopolist Publishing Co.," at Robin-
son, just prior to the election last fall, printed
from the old material of the Hutsonville
Keirs, on the Argus press. After issuing
86
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
some three or four numbers, the paper was
suspended for a few weeks, when the com-
pany purchased a small establishment and
resumed publication.
Educational. — In the early settlement of
this part of the State, there were a great
many influences that worked ajrainst general
education. Neighborhoods were thinly set-
tled, money was scarce, and the people were
generally poor. There were no sclioolhouses,
nor was there any public school fund to build
schoolhouses, or even to pay teachers. Added
to this was the fact that many of the early
settlers were from the Southern States — a
section that did not manifest as great an in-
terest in educational matters as New En-
gland. And still another drawback was the
lack of books and of teachers; besides, all
persons of either sex, who had physical
strength enough to labor, were compelled to
take their part in the work, that of the
women being as heavy and important as that
of the men; and this strain upon their indus-
try continued for years. When we consider
all these facts together, we are led to wonder
that the pioneers had any schools at all.
As soon, however, as the settlements would
at all justify such a spirit of development,
schools were established in the different
neighborhoods, and any vacant cabin, or
stable, or other outhouse was brought into
service, and made to do duty as a temple of
learning. The Fchools were paid for by in-
dividual subscription, at the rate of aliout 50
or 75 cents a month per scholar. Although
the people of Illinois and of Crawford County
displayed such early interest in educational
matters, the cause met with many difficulties,
and its progress was slow in the extreme.
The pioneer schoolhouses, as a general thing,
were of a poor quality. In towns they were
dilapidated buildings, either frame or log,
and in the country they were invariably of
logs. As a general thing but one style of
architecture was used in building them. They
were erected, not from a regular i'und or sub-
scription, but by labor given. The neighliors
would gather together at some place previ-
ously agreed upon, and with ax in hand, the
logs were cut, and the cabin soon erected.
The roof was of broad boards, and a rude
fireplace and clapboard door, a puncheon
floor, and the cracks filled with "chinks,"
and these daubed over with mud, completed
the building. The furniture was as rude and
primitive as the house itself, and the books
were limited in quantity and quality, and
were in keeping with the house' and its fur-
nishings. But it is unnecessary to follow the
description further. Those who have known
only the perfect system of schools of the
present can form no idea of the limited ca-
pacity of educational facilities here from
fifty to seventy-five years ago. But there are,
no doubt, many still living in Crawford Coun-
ty who can recall their experience in the
pioneer schools and schoolhouses.
Nothing for which the State pays money
yields so large a dividend upon the cost as
the revenue expended upon education. The
influence of the school-room is silent, like all
the great forces of the universe. The sun
shines without shouting, " Behold the I'ght!"
Gravitation spins the planets in their paths,
and we hear the cracking of no heavy timbers
and the grinding of no great iron axles. So,
from the humble scene of the teacher's labors,
there are shot into the heart of society the
great influences that kindle its ardors for ac-
tivity, which light civilization on its widening
way, and which hold the dearest of humanity
in its hand. The statistics are the smillost
exponents of the worth of our schools. There
are values that can not be expressed in dollars
anil cents, nor be quoted in price-currents.
The governing power in every country upon
the face of the globe is an educated power.
The Czar of the Russias, ignorant of interna-
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
87
tioiial law, of domestic relations, of finance,
commerce and the or<2;aiiization of armies and
navies, could never hold under the sway of
his scepter, 70,000,000 of subjects. An au-
tocrat must be intelligent and virtuous, or
only waste and wretchedness and wreck can
wait upon his reign. England with scrupu-
lous car.', fosters her great universities for the
training of the sons of the nobility for their
places in the House of Lords, in the army,
navy and church. What, then, ought to be
the character of citizenship in a country
where every man is born a king, and sover-
eign heir to all the franchises and trusts of
the State and Republic? An ignorant people
can be governed, but only an intelligent
people can govern themselves; and that is
the experiment we are trying to solve in
these United States.
Every observing student of the biography
of our representative men, has been struck
with the preponderance of those who re-
ceived their education in the old log school-
house. They are designated " self-made
men"; but the aspirations that have enabled
them to mount to prominence and distinction
are oftenest the product of inspirations
awakened by the studies that put the key in
their hands that unlocks the storehouses of
knowledge. It has been quoted until it has
become stale, that " a little learning is a dan-
gerous thing"; but there has been a period
in the history of every scholarly mind when
its attainments were small. The superiority
of communities in which learning is fostered,
over those in which ignorance reigns, has
been the subject of pleasing reflection to
every man who appreciates the advantages
of intelligence. The transforming power of
a good school upon any neighborhood hitherto
without one, or possessed of an indifferent
one, has shown, in every case where the ex-
periment has been tried, the happy effects
ensuing, which mark the transition and the
consequences that wait upon the flight of a
single decade of vears. In such, the children
of the poor, competing with the scions of
wealthy families for the rank and prizes ac-
corded intellect, have been able to surmount
the privations incident to poverty, and to find
their way into a society and pursuits other-
wise impossible. Thus, the rich, who would
have borne themselves with a haughty dis-
dain toward the sons and daughters of their
less fortunate neighbors, have been com-
pelled to accredit an aristocracy of intellect,
and to honor with social respect those who,
but for common schools, would have ever re-
mained the subjects of a purse-proud neglect.
The first school in Crawford County was
taught in Palestine, as for many years that
town was the Athens, not only of the county,
but of this part of the State. It was of the
regular pioneer type, and will be more fully
described in the chapters devoted to Pales-
tine. We find the followinjr among: the
county records of the school at that place:
"Know all men by these presents, that we, Jo-
seph Kitchell, Hervey Kitchell, Asa Kitchell
and Wm. Wilson, are held and firmly bound
to Smith Shaw, John Cowan and Benj. Ea-
ton, as trustees of the school at Palestine,
Crawford County, Illinois Territory, and to
their successors in office, in the penal sum of
five hundred dollars, for which payment well
and truly to be made, we bind ourselves, our
heirs, executors, etc. The condition of the
above obligation is such that if the above
bounden Joseph Kitchell shall make or cause
to be made a good and sufficient deed for lot
one, in the town of Palestine, to the trustees
for the school of Palestine, for the use and
benefit of a school in said town, within three
years from date, then the above obligation to
be void, otherwise to remain in full force.
Witness our hands and seals, this Tth day of
May, 1818;" and signed by the parties men-
tioned above. From this it will be seen that
88
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
steps were taken very early for a school in
the couTity's capital. As Palestine increased
in wealth and in — children, — a second school-
house was built, in connection with the Ma-
sonic fraternity, the upper story being used
as a lodge-room, and the lower story lor the
Sfhool.
The little school taught in Palestine more
than sixty years ago, has expanded into the
liberal educational facilities of the present
day, and nearly a hundred schools, with thou-
sands of children, are found within the lim-
its of the county. In illustration of the rapid
strides made by education, we give some sta-
tistics, furnished us by Mr. Moore, late as-
sistant county commissioner of schools, as fol-
lows:
Kumber of children under 21 years of nge 8,189
" between 6 and 21 years 5,550
of graded sehools in tlie county 1
of scliool-liouses Brick 4
Frame 83
Log 9
. ^_ Total 96
Number of males attending school 2.8(;6
females - " 2.709
' male teachers employed lOB
" female " " 58
FINANCIAL.
Balance on hand June 30, 1881 $ 7,215 27
Amount of State fund received S 5.918 90
Special tax for school purposes 22,015 35
Interest on township fund - 1,412 47
Keceived from other sources 217 12
Total amount received..
$-9,59?, U
Grand total $36,809,11
Amount paid teachers $20 741 91
For building school-houses 6,500 32
School sites and buildings 136 85
Repairs and iniprovenienls 1,376 80
Incidental expenses 2,183 95
Total expenditures
Balance on hand, June 30, 1682..
$S0,939>S3
S ,869 28
Principal of township fund $22,146 48
There is one well-grounded criticism upon
the schools, not only of Crawford County, but
most of the counties in Southern Illinois, viz.:
the small salary paid the county commis-
sioner of schools, which is far below that in
the central and northern part of the State.
The small compensation allowed the commis-
sioner, is no object to a man qualified for the
position, or when held in connection with
some other business, of sufficient inducement
to command much of his attention. The com-
missioner should be paid a salary large enough
to enable him to devote his entire time and
attention to the schools, without being com-
pelled to add some other calling in order to
eke out a living. Better compensation would
also be the means of securing a man — or a
woman, — better qualified for the position,
and the schools be thereby greatly benefited.
Jie/if/ious. — Eighteen hundred years ago
the Son of Man gave the command, " Go ye
into all the world and preach the gospel to
every creature." It was not intended alone
for the salvation of those nations which
brought tribute to Ciesar, but with prophetic
vision the world's great Redeemer gazed on
nations then unborn, and heard the cry of
those who groaned beneath the yoke of sin.
Then for the redemption. He gave to his dis-
ciples the commands which, in later years,
have caused His people to widely spread
God's glorious truth.
The solitary settlers of the western frontier
rejoiced to hear the early messengers of God
proclaim the "glad tidings of great joy," or
wept at the story of Pilate, his pitiless crown
of thorns, and the agonies of Golgotha and
Calvary. The dark and gloomy forests were
pierced by the light that shone from the Star
of Bethlehem, and the hymns of praise to God
were mingled with the sound of the pioi.eer's
ax, as he reared his lone cabin for the shelter
of his loved ones. These early ministers ex-
posed themselves to all the dangers of the
wilderness, that they might do their Master's
will, and up yonder they should receive
crowns bright with many jewels. They trav-
eled on foot or on horseback, among the early
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
89
settlers of Crawford County, stopping where
night overtook them, and receiving the hospi-
talities of the cabin " without money and
without price." Reverently asking the bless-
ing of God upon all they did, their lives were
simple and unostentatious, their wants few
and easily satisfied; their teachings were
plain and unvarnished, touched with no elo-
quence save that of their daily living, which
was seen and known of all men. They were
of different religious sects, yet no discord was
ever manifested between them, but a united
effort was made by them to show men the
way to better things by better living, and
thus, finally, to reach that best of all — a home
in Heaven, that
" The good old paths are good enough,
The fathere walked to Heaven in them, and
By following meekly where they trod, all reach
The home they found."
They were not only physicians for the soul's
cure, but they sometimes administered to the
body's ailments. They married the living
and buried the dead; they clirlstened the
babe, admonished the young and warned the
old; they cheered the despondent, rebuked
the willful and hurled the vengeance of eter-
nal burnings at the desperately wicked.
Wherever they went they were welcome, and
notice was sent around to the neighbors and
a meeting was held, and all listened with
rapt attention to the promises of the gospel.
For years these pioneer preachers could say
literally, as did the Master before them, " The
foxes have holes, and the birds of the air
have nests, but they (the sons of men) had
not where to lay their heads." An old min-
ister, speaking of the establishing of churches
in the frontier settlements, said: "It used
to make my heart sick in the early days of
my ministry to dismiss members of my
charge to churches in distant regions, and
have brothers, and sisters and neighbors leave
us for the new settlement in the opening
territories. But as I have grown older, and
followed these emigrants to their new homes
and have found them far more useful in
church and State than they ever could have
been in the regions they left behind, where
others held the places of influence; as I have
seen them giving a healthy and vigorous tone
to society, while the separation causes a pang
of sorrow, the good accomplished more than
compensates for the pleasure lost."
The good seed thus carried by emigrants
is usually sufficient to begin the work of rais-
ing society to a higher level of civilization,
and their transforming power counteracts
those demoralizing influences which tend to
social degeneration and disruption. These
Christian influences are active in their con-
flicts with evil and attractive in social power;
and they generally act as a nucleus around
which gather the refining influences necessary
to carry society onward to a state of compar-
ative perfection. We may see by comparing
the past and present, how much has been
done in this respect. The progress and tri-
umph of Christian truth, the superstructure
on which societv must rest, if it ever approx-
imates perfection, is made apparent. It is
thus easily to be seen that no other power
than Christian truth can vitalize, expand, har-
monize, direct and control the forces which
underlie and build up the great fabric of so-
ciety.
The Baptists were the pioneers of religion
in Crawford County. They were of what is
denominated the " Hardshell " Baptists, and
had ministers here among the first settlers.
They were followed soon after by the Method-
ists, who built the first house of worship in
the county. The first Baptist preachers were
Thomas Kennedy and Daniel Parker, both
early residents of this portion of the country.
Elder Newport was also an early Baptist
preacher, but lived in what is now Clark
County. His ministrations, however, were
90
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
not confined to any particular section, but de-
voted to the needy in every community.
Elder Daniel Parker was a zealous minister
and preached almost everywhere and to
everybody. He preached from Illinois to
Texas and back to Illinois, and then made up
a colony which he led to Texas. They made
the trip by land, and every night during the
journey they assembled around the camp-fire,
held religious services, passing the evening
in prayer and praise to the Giver of all good.
Arriving in Texas the colony continued an
organized society under the name of " Pil-
grim Church," which name they had borne
during their "sojourn in the wilderness."
The l,amotte Church was organized by these
plain and simple old ministers, thefi rst
church organization, perhaps, in the county.
Elder Parker was a prominent man in the
early history of this section of the country,
and has been termed one of the ablest men
ever in Crawford County. Aside from his
ecclesiastical duties, he found time to mingle
in temporal matters. He served as State
Senator in the Third and Fourth General As-
semblies, and was an active and able legis-
lator. He was plain and unpolished — the
diamond in its rough state — honest to a fault,
kindly, and of the justest impulses, a noble
type of a race fast passing away.
Elder Thomas Kennedy was also prominent
in the business affairs of the county. He was
its first treasurer; was county commissioner
of schools, probate judge, etc., and was thus
enabled to deal out justice to either religious
or profane delinquents. He was not the equal
of Parker in intellect, but, nevertheless, was
no ordinary man. Of Newport more will be
said in the second part of this volume.
The first Methodist preacher was Rev.
John Dolhjjhan. He lived in that portion of
the county afterward stricken off in Law-
rence, and settled there prior to 1820. Rev.
Mr. Fox was the first Methodist preacher in
the Palestine settlement. These were not
what the world would call gifted preachers,
but they were earnest and instructive, and
faithful to the religion they taught. As emi-
grants came in and the people increased in
worldly wealth, steps were taken to provide
for their spiritual welfare. At first religious
meetings were held in any vacant cabin, or
in people's houses, but with the growth of the
coinitry religious societies were organized,
and churches were built, until the silence of
the landscape was broken by
" the sweet and solemn hymn
Of Sabbath worshippers."
The first church in the county was built at
Palestine by the Methodists. A few years
later the Presbyterians also erected a church
there. Hebron church was built very early,
and was perhaps the next in the county.
Temples of worship may now be seen in
every village, hamlet and neighborhood. But
the churches and church organizations will re-
ceive a more extended notice in the chapters
devoted to the several townships and vil-
lages.
CHAPTER IX.*
WAR HISTORY— THE STRUGGLE FOR INDEPENDENCE— OUR SECOND "ROUND" "WITH
JOHN BULL— BLACK HAWK AND HIS BRAVES, AND HOW WE THRASHED THEM
—THE MEXICAN WAR-ILLINOIS' PARTICIPATION IN IT- WAR OF
THE REBELLION— DIFFERENT REGIMENTS IN WHICH
CRAWFORD COUNTY WAS REPRESENTED—
FACTS AND INCIDENTS OF THE
WAR, ETC., ETC.
" Fair as the earliest beam of eastern light.
When first, by the bewildered pilgrim spied.
It smiles I pon the dreary brow of night.
And silvers o'er the torrent's foaming tide.
And lights the fearful path on monntain side;
Fair as that beam, although the fah-est far,
Giving to horror grace, to danger pride,
Shine martial Faith, and Courtesy's briglit star.
Throogh all the wreckful storms that cloud the
brow of war."
—Scott.
ALTHOUGH as a nation we are over a hun-
dred years old, j'et we have lived, com-
paratively, a quiet and peaceable life. Aside
iVdni our strujTgles with the Indians (in many of
which they had the better cause), we have had
but few wars. But those in which we have in-
dulired, have been wars of more than ordinary
importance. We started out in business for
ourselves by threshing our paternal ancestor,
Mr. John Bull, thereby inaugurating' what is
known in American history as the Revolu-
tionary War, and in time achieving our lib-
erty and independence. Liberty and inde-
pendence! Often as the wheels of iime roll
on the anniversary of American Independ-
ence, so often does our patriotic zeal blaze
out from one end of the Union to the other,
in commemoration of those brave war-worn
* By W. H. Pen-in.
veterans, who bought with tlieir blood our
freedom. When the war was over and our in-
dependence acknowledged, the patriot sol-
diery was paid off in valueless paper and in
western lands. This brought many of them
to the West, mostly to Ohio and Kentucky, as
the lands of those States were in market
some time before those of Illinois. There
were, however, a number of Revolutionary
soldiers among the early settlers of Southern
Illinois and of Crawford Uounty. But after
this long lapse of time, it is impossible to
designate all who participated in the war for
libertv, and we shall not attempt it. We
have heard of but three, viz.: Asahel Has-
kins, Daniel Kinney and George Miller. Ref-
erence is merely made to that war as a pre-
lude to others that have followed it, and which
will occupy considerable of our space in the
subsequent pages.
After the close of the Revolutionary War
our martial experience was confined to the
Indians until our second war with Groat Brit-
ain, which terminated with that brilliant tri-
umph of American arms, the victory of Gen.
Jackson at New Orleans on the 8th of Janu-
ary, 1815. The opening scenes of this war
were characterized by defeat, disgrace and
disaster; but toward the close of the struggle
a series of glorious achievements compensated
92
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
for these misfortunes. Croafhan's sfallant de-
fense of Fort Stephenson; Perry's victory on
Lake Erie; the total defeat by Gen. Harrison
of the allied Biitish and Indians under Proc-
tor and Tecumseh on the Thames, togetlier
with the closing scene at New Orleans, have
few parallels in modern warfare. The people
then living in what is now Crawford County,
though far removed from the seat of war, felt
its effects in some degree. The Indians in
this section, as already noticed, became some-
what unruly, and bands of them took the war-
path, though they committed few depreda-
tions on the people of this county. Their
conduct, however, occasioned considerable
anxiety, and kept the people continually on
the lookout for danger. Many of the early
settlers who came to the county following the
war of 1812, had participated in it some time
during iis progress. But there is no record
now by which to obtain any reliable data of
tho-e old soldiers and their exploits, and we
pass on, with this brief allusion to the sub-
ject.
The Blade HawJc War. — This war brings
us to a period in the history of Crawford
County, whpn she had attained an impor-
tance second to few counties in the State, as
evinced by the part she took in the chas-
tisement of Black Hawk. We shall now no-
tice briefly some of the leading incidents and
facts pertaining to this war.
It is unnecessary to go into the details
which originated the Black Hawk War. It is
the old story of the white man's oppression
and the Indian's resentment. Speaking of
the causes which eventually led to it. Gov.
Edwards, in his history of Illinois, says:
"There is no doubt, however, that the whites,
who at this period were immigrating in large
numbers to the northwest, and earnestly de-
sired their removal further Westward, pur-
posely exasperated the Indians, at the same
time that they greatly exaggerated the hos-
tilities committed." The Indians thus mad-
dened by the encroachments of the whites
upon their hunting grounds, and the insults
and injuries heaped upon X.\wm by their pale-
faced enemies, finally broke out in open war,
and gathered around Black Hawk as their
leader.
When war commenced, Crawford County
aroused herself to action, and many of her
able-bodied men shouldered their guns and
marched to the scene of conflict. Two full
companies were sent from Crawford, while
others served in companies and regiments
recruited elsewhere. Captain Highsmith's
company formed a part of the second regi-
ment of the second brigade, and from the re-
port of the adjutant-general of the State we
learn that it enlisted in June, 1832, and was
as follows: William Highsmith, captain;
Samuel V. Allen, first lieutenant; John H.
McMickle, second lieutenant; B. B. Piper,
first sergeant; Thos. Fuller, second ser-
geant; Wra. McCoy, third sergeant; John
A. Christy, fourth sergeant; Nathan High-
smith, first corporal; Martin Fuller; second
corporal; Jackson James, third corporal;
John Lagow, fourth corporal; and John
Allison, Samuel H. Allison, David M. Alli-
son, John Brimberry, John Barrick, Benj.
Carter, James Condrey, Thomas Easton, John
Gregg, Wm. R. Grise, Peter Garrison, Hi-
ram Johnson, John Johnson, Geoige W. Kin-
ney, James Lewis, Wm. Levitt, John L. My-
ers, A. W. Myers, Andrew Montgomery,
Isaac Martin, John Parker, Sr., William Par-
ker, Thomas N. Parker, John Parker, Jr.,
Amos Phelps, William Reese, Robert Simons,
Thomas Stockwell, Jacob Vaunrinch, James
Weger, privates. The company was mus-
tered out of service August 2, 1832, at Dix-
on's Ferry, Illinois, its term of enlistment
having expired.
Houston's company also belonged to the
second regiment of the second brigade. It
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
was enrolled June 19, 1833, and was as fol-
lows: Alexander M. Houston, captain; George
"W. Lagow, first lieutenant; James Boat-
right, second lieutenant; O. F. D. Hampton,
first sergeant; Levi Harper, second sergeant;
David Porter, third sergeant; James Christy,
fourth sergeant; Cornelius Doherty, first cor-
poral; James B. Stark, second corporal;
Joseph .Jones, third corporal; Rivers Heath,
fourth corporal; Francis Waldrop, bugler,
and Geo. W. Baugher, Blanton Blathares,
John Bogard, Andrew Baker, Alexander
Boatright, Samuel Cruse, Silas L. Danforth,
Geo. B. Doughton, Edwin Fitch, Henry
Fowler, John Goodwin, Silas Goodwin, Rob-
ert Grinton, John Hutton, Joseph Hackett,
John A. Hackett, Wm. Hawkins, John
Houne, Wicklitfe KitchelL' James Kuyken-
dall, Alexander Logan, Matthew Lackey,
John McCoy, Johnson Neeley, Robert Por-
ter, Wm. Porter, Wm. Pearson, Joseph Pear-
son, Edwin Pearson, Zalmon Phelps, Samuel
Shaw, John Stewart, John F. Vandeventer,
Vastin Wilson, Jacob Walters, privates.
This company was mounted, and was mus-
tered out of the service at the end of the
term of its enlistment, August 15, 1833, by
order of Brigadier General Atkinson.
The war ended with the battle of August
3, 1833, at the mouth of Bad Axe, a creek
emptying into the Mississippi River, a short
distance above Prairie du Chien. In Sep-
tember a treaty was made, which ended the
Indian troubles in this State. Black Hawk
had been captiired, and upon regaining his
liberty ever after remained friendly to the
whites.
Tlie 3Iexican War. — All readers of our
history are acquainted with the events which
led to the war between the United States
and Mexico. It resulted from the "annexa-
tion of Texas," as it was known, a former
province of Muxico, and her adniissiou as a
State into the Federal Union. Texas had re-
volted, and for years her citizens had been
carrying on a kind of guerrilla warfare with
Mexico — a war attended with varied results,
sometimes one party, and sometimes the
other, being successful. The battle of San
Jacinto was fought in 1836, and the Texans
achieved a brilliant victory, capturing Santa
Anna, then Dictator of Mexico, and killing
or making prisoners his entire army. Santa
Anna was held as a prisoner of war, and was
finally released upon his signing a treaty ac-
knowledging the independence of Texas.
With all the treachery for which that Repub-
lic has ever been noted, Mexico, in violation
of every principle of honor, refused to recog-
nize this treaty, and continued to treat Texas
and the Texans as she had previously done.
From this time on petitions were frequently
presented to the Congress of the United
States, praying admission into the Union.
Mexico, however, endeavored to prevent this
step, declaring that the admission of Texas
into the American Union would be reo^arded
as suificient provocation for a declaration of
war.
In the Presidential contest of 1841, between
Henry Clay and James K. Polk, the annexa-
tion of Texas was one of the leading issues
before the people, and Mr. Polk, whose party
(the Democrats) favored the admission of
Texas, being elected, this was taken as a
public declaration on the subject. After this.
Congress no longer hesitated as to the grant-
ing of the petition of Texas, and on the 1st
of March, 1845, formally received the " Lone
Star " into the sisterhood of States. In her
indignation, Mexico at once broke off all di-
plomatic relations with the United States,
and called home her Minister. This, of itself,
was a declaration of war, and war soon fol-
lowed. Congress passed an act authorizing
the President to accept the services of
94
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
50,000 volunteers (which were to be raised at
once), and appropriated $10,000,000 I'or the
prosecution of tlie war.
Illinois, in the apportionment, was required
to luiriish three regiments of infantry or ri-
flemen, the entire force called for being
drawn principally from the Southern and
Western States, on account of their closer
proximity to the scene of war. Gov. Ford,
in obedience to the act of Congress, called
for thirty full companies of volunteers of a
maximum of eighty men, to serve for twelve
months. The call was responded to with en-
thusiasm, and in ten days thirty-five compa-
nies had organized and reported, and by the
time the place of rendezvous (Alton) had
been selected, seventy-five companies were
recruited, each furious to go to the war. The
Governor was compelled to select thirty com-
pjinies — the full quota of the State — and the
remaining forty odd companies were doomed
to the disappointment of staying at home. A
company made up in Crawford County was
of this character. Bi'lbre they reached the
" muster place " the quota was filled, and they,
with the other companies not needed, vpere
furnished transportation to their homes at the
expense of the Government.
The three original regiments were organ-
ized as follows: First Rcqiment — John J.
Hardin,* colonel; William B. Warren, lieu-
tenant-colonel, and Wm. A. Richardson, ma-
jor, with ten full companies rank and file.
btcoml Regiment — William H. Bissell, colo-
nel; J. L. D. Morrison, lieutenant-co'onel,
and Xerxes F. Frail, major; also ten full
companies. Third Megimeiit — F. Foreman,
colonel; W. W. Willey, lieutenant-colonel;
and S. D. Marshall, major; with likewise ten
companies. At the expiration of their term
* Killed at thfi battle of Buena Vista, Feb. 23,
1847, in the famous charge with Clay and McKee, of
Kentucky. Wm. Weatherford was afterward elected
colonel of the regiment.
of service (one year) the first and second
regiments were organized for "during the
war," many of the soldiers re-enlisting, and
the discrepancies being tilled by new recruits.
Alter the quota of Illinois had been filled
by the organization of the three regiments
mentioned above, Hon. E. U. B iker, then a
member of Congress from the Springfield
district, induced the Secretary of War to ac-
cept another regiment from this State, and
thereupon the F'ourth regiment was organized
as follows: Edward D. Baker, colonel; John
Moore, lieutenant-colonel, and Thomas L.
Harris, major. This regiment, like the others,
contained ten companies, rank and file. A
number of independent companies, in addi-
tion to these four regiments, were enlisted in
the State during the war.
Under the second call for troops, a call
known as the "Ten R'giments Bill," the
First and Second Illinois regiments were re-
organized. The Whigs, as a party, opposed
the war with Mexico, and their opposition to
the measure for additional troops and money,
was bitter in the extreme. It was in opposi-
tion to this bill that the Hon. Thos. Corvvin,
of Ohio, in the United States Senate, made
the ablest, speech of his life. In it he used
the memorable words which have since be-
come proverbial: "If I were a Mexican I
would tell you, ' Have you not room in your
own country to bury your dead men? If you
come into mine, we will greet you with
bloody hands, and welcome you to hospitable
graves.' " But notwithstanding the opposi-
tion to the bill it passed, and the war was
fou'^ht out bv which the United States ac-
quired valuable territory.
Crawford County, as we have said, recruited
a company, but wore too late, or too slow in
their movements, to be admitted into the reg-
iments allotted to the State. Of the men
comprising this company we have but little
data now, as the adjutant-general's report
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
95
jyives but tlie names of those who actually
participated in the war. Notwithstamling
this company was not accepted, yet quite a
number of men from the county went into
the army from other sections. Tiie names of
tiiese, liowevor, could not be obtained. Some
of them have moved away, others are dead,
and nut one is now known to be livinn; here.
But there are several Mexican soldiers living
in the county, who, at the time of their en-
listment lived in other counties, and other
States, and luive removed to this county since
ih ' close of that war.
The Ri hellion. — The lato war between the
States next claims luir :itt<'ntion. We do not
desiifn, how -ver, to write its history, as there
is, at ]iiesent, more war literature extant than
is read. But a history of Crawford County
that did not contain something of its war
record, would scarcely prove satisfactory to
the general reader. It is a duty we owe to
the soldiers who took part in the bloody
struggle, to preserve, by record, the leading
facts. Especially do we owe this to the long
list of the dead, who laid down their lives
that their country might live; we owe it to
the maimed and mangled cripples who were
torn by shot and shell; and, lastly, we owe it
to the widows and orphans of those, who, for
love of country, forsook home with all its en-
dearments, exposing theinselves to the hor-
rors of war, and whose bodies now lie rotting
in the land of "cotton and cane."
When the first call was made for volun-
teers, it set the entire State in a blaze of ex-
citement. Who does not remember the stir-
ring days of '61, when martial music was
lieard in every town ami hamlet, and tender
■women, no less than brave men, were wild
with enthusiasm? Wives encouraged their
husbands to enlist, mothers urged their sons
to patriotic devotion, and sisters te.derly
gave their brothers to the cause of their
country. It was not unlike the summons- -
the fiery cross — of Rhodoric Dim to his clan —
" Fast as the fatal synibjl flies.
In arms the huts and hamlets rise;
From winding glen, and upland brown,
They poured each hardy yeoman down."
But the citizens of Crawford County re-
qu're no reminder of those thrilling times.
The naines of their patriots are inscribed in
characters that will stand as monuments in
the memories of men, who, thoua:h dead lono-
ago, yet will live, bright and imperishable as
the rays of Ansterlitz's sun. Many who went
forth to battle, came back to tlieir homes
shrined in glory. Many left a limb in the
swamps of the Chickahomlny; on the banks
of the Rapidan; at Fredericksliurg, along the
Shenandoah, or in the Wilderness. Many
still bear the marks of the strife which raged
at Stone River, Chickamauga, on the heights
of Lookout Mountain, where in the lano-uasfe
of Prentice —
" they burst
Like spirits of des^ruction, through the clouds,
And "mid a thousand hurtling missiles, swept
Their foes belore them, as the whirlwind sweeps
The strong oaks of the forest.''
And there were those who came not back.
They fell by the wayside, in prison and in
battle. Their memory is held in sacred
keeping. Others dragged their wearied
bodies home to die, and now sleep beside
their ancestors in the quiet graveyard, where
the violets speak in tender accents of woman-
ly devotion and affection. Some sleep in un-
known graves where they fell, but the same
trees which shelter the sepulcher of their foe-
men shade theirs also; the same birds carol
their miitins to both; the same flowers sweeten
the air with their fragrance, as the breezes
toss them into rippling eddies. Both are re-
membered as they slumber there in peaceful,
glorified rest.
While we weave a laurel crown for our own
dead, let us twine a cypress wreath about the
96
HISTORY OF CRAWF01.XJ COUNTY.
memory of those who fell on the otlior side,
and who, though arrayed against us, were —
OUK BROTHERS. Mistaken though they were,
we reinemijer hundreds of them over whose
moldering dust we would gladly plant flowers
with our own hands. Let us strike hands
over the grave of Slavery, and be henceforth
what we should ever have been — " brothers
all."
From the adjutant-general's report of the
State, together with facts gleaned from local
records, we compile a brief history of Craw-
ford County in the late war. The sketch is
necessarily limited and doubtless imperfect
but is complete as time and space will per-
mit us to make it. A few words will be de-
voted to each regiment drawing men from
the county. The first in the list was Grant's
old rea-iment (the Twenty-first), which was
recruited in an early period of the war.
The Twenty-first Illinois Infantry was or-
ganized at Mattoon, and was sworn into the
State Service by Captain U. S. Grant, May
15, 18G1, for three months, and on the 28th
of June following it was mustered into the
United States service for three years by
Capt. Pitcher, of the United States Army,
with U. S. Grant as colonel. He was com-
missioned brigadier-general on the 6th of
August, and Col. J. W. S. Alexander suc-
ceeded him as colonel of the Twenty first.
He fell at the battle of Chickamauga, Sep-
tember 20, 18G3, at the head of the gallant
old regiment. George W. Peck was pro-
moted lieutenant-colonel of the Twenty-first,
but was discharged September 19, 1862, on
account of ill-health.
Company I of this regiment was recruited
in Crawford County, and was officered as fol-
lows: George W. Peck, captain; Clark B.
Lagow, first lieutenant, and Chester K.
Knight, second lieutenant. Capt. Peck was
promoted to lieutenant-colonel September 2,
1861, and Lieut. Knight became captain, and
was mustered out November 16, 1864. Lieut.
Lagow resigned in consequence of having
been selected by Gen. Grant as a member of
his staff. He served in this capacity, partici-
pating in all of Gen. Grant's hard campaigns
and desperate batth s from Belmont until he
left the Western Department to take com-
mand of the Army of the Potomac, when,
owing to a long continued attack of rhcu-
m:itism, and an injury received from his horse
falling under him at luka, he was compelled
to resign. He was promoted from captain
to colonel of volunteers, and then to colonel
in the regular army for distinguished services
rendered previous to the siege of Vicksburg.
Durinor the sieg-e Gen. Grant wanted to use
some steamers below the city, and could only
get them there bypassing down the river di-
rectly under the guns of the Confederate bat-
teries. This, he said, was such a desperate
undertaking, he would not detail any one to
the duty, but called for volunteers to man
the fleet. Col. Lagow, being of the number
who volunteered, and one of Gen. Grant's
tried officers, was given command of the ex-
pedition— if such it could be called. He
boldly stood upon the deck of the flag
steamer while they ran the terrible gauntlet,
in face of the enemy's concentrated batteries
raining shot and shell upon them. His ves-
sel was so riddled with shot that it had to be
abandoned in front of their batteries, but he
and the men surviving the terrible fire suc-
ceeded in boarding another boat. Col. La-
gow came through the ordeal without serious
injurv, and saved the other boats, somewhat
damaged, but not beyond repair, as their sub-
sequent use demonstrated to the army. For
this brilliant exploit he was brevetted briga-
dier-general of volunteers.
The Twenty-first served in Jlissouri until
the spring of 1863, when it was ordered to
Corinth, Miss., and upon the evacuation of
that place was engaged in several expedi-
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUXTY.
97
tions in the State. It pjirticipated in the
Buell-Brag'g' race to Louisville, Ky., where it
arrived September 37, 18G',aiid was engaged
in the battle of Perryville on the Sth of Oc-
tober, after which it returned to Nashville,
Tenn., via Crab Orchard and Bowling Green,
Ky. After participating in several trifling
skirmishes it took an active part in the battle
of Muifreesboro, doing gallant service, and
losing more men than any other regiment en-
gaged. It was with Rosocrans' army from
JMurfreesboro to Chattanooga, and bore an
honorable part in tlie bloody battle of Chick-
auiauga, September 19th and 20th, 1863, los-
ing its colonel kil'ed; its lieutenant-colonel also
being wounded, the command of the regiment
devolved on Capt. Knight. After the battle
of Chickamauga it was on duty at BriJge-
port, Ala., during the fall and winter of 1863,
as a part of the First Brigade, First Divis-
ion of the Fourth Army Corps. Its hard
fighting was over, and after the close of the
war it was on duty in Texas, until mustered
out of the service at San Antonio, December
16, 1805, when it returned to Illinois, and on
the 18th of January, 1S66, it was paid off and
discharged at Camp Butler.
' The Thirtieth Illinois Infantry was indebt-
ed to Crawford County for Company D,
which went into the service with the follow-
ing ofiScers: Thomas G. Markley, captain;
Michael Langton, first lieutenant, and George
E. Meily, second lieutenant. This company
was unfortunate in officers. Capt. Markley
was killed in the battle of Belmont Novem-
ber 7, 1861; Lieut. Langton was promoted
(laptain in his place, and resigned October
23, 1862; Lieut. Meily was promoted captain
April 13, 1803, and was killed May 16th fol-
lowing; Patterson Sharp was promoted cap-
tain June 13, 1803, and was mustered out of
the service July 8, 1805. First Lieut. W. D.
Hand (vas promoted captain .July 10, 1805,
but mustered out as first lieutenant; Martin
L. James was promoted to second lieutenant,
but mustered out July 17, 1865, as sergeant.
The Thirtieth Infantry was or2:anized at
Camp Butler, August 28, 1861, and moved at
once to Cairo, where it was assigned to the
brigade of Gen. John A. M Clernand. It
was sent on an expedition to Columbus, Ky.,
in October, and November 7th it took part in
the battle of Belmont, where it performed
gallant service, capturing the celebrated
Watson's New Orleans battery. In February
it moved up the Tennessee River, and was at
Forts Henry and Donelson. As a part of
Logan's brigade, it participated in the siege
of Corinth. It served in Mississippi until
late in December, when it was ordered to
Memphis, Tenn., where it arrived January
19, 1803. Here it formed a part of Leg-
gett's brigade, Logan's division, and McPher-
son's corps. In February it was ordered to
Louisiana, but in the latter part of April it
returned to Mississippi, taking part in sev-
eral skirmishes, and on the 10th of May it
participated in the battle of Champion Hills,
losing heavily. It crossed Black River with
the army, and arrived in the rear of Vicks-
burg May 19, 1803. It was actively engaged
in the siege of Vicksburg until .Tune 33J,
when it moved to Black R ver, under Gon.
Sherman, to watch the Confederate Gen.
Johnson. After the fail of Vicksburg, it re-
mained in camp until August 29lh, when it
removed to Monroe, La., but soon returned
and was on duty in Mississippi the remain-
der of the year.
It was mustered in January 1, 1864, as a
veteran organization, and continued on duty
in Mississippi until the 5th of March, when
it left Vicksburg on veteran furlough, and ar-
rived at Camp Butler on the 12th; on the
18th of April it left for the front, and pro-
ceeded to Tennessee, serving in that State
and AlaVjama until the opcn)ingof the Atlanta)
Campaign, in which it took an active part.
98
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
It participated in the several enarasements
around Atlanta, and on the ith of October it
went in pursuit ol" Gen. Hood, returning No-
vember 5th to camp. It accompanied Sher-
man's army in its march to the sea, taking part
in that famous c;impaign. It went to Wash-
ington April 29, 1SG.5, by way of Richmond,
participating in the grand review May 24:th,
at Washington, and June 11th it left for
Louisville, Ky., where it was mustered out of
the service, and returned to Camp Butler for
final discharge.
The Thirty-eighth Illinois Infantry, was the
next regiment to which the county con-
tributed. Company D was drawn princi-
pally from Crawford, and went into the service
with the following commissioned officers:
Alexander G. Sutherland, captain; James
Moore, first lieutenant, and Robert Plunkett,
second lieutenant. Captain Sutherland re-
signed April 15, 1864, and Robert Duckworth
was elected captain, but also resigned Sep-
tember IS, 1865. Lieut. Moore resigned May
29, 1863, and Nicholas Glaze was promoted
to first lieutenant and mustered out as ser-
geant September 14, 1864. Robert Stewart
was promoted to first lieutenant and was
mustered out with the regiment March 20,
1866. Lieut. Plunkett was mustered out at
the end of first three years.
The Thirty-eighth was organized at Camp
Butler in September, 1861, and soon after was
ordered to Missouri, and wintered at Pilot
Knob. In March, 1863, at Reeves Station;
the Twenty-first, Thirty-third and Thirty-
eighth Illinois, the Eleventh Wisconsin In-
fantry; the Fifth, Seventh and Ninth Illinois
Cavalry, the First Indiana Cavalry and the
Sixteenth Ohio Battery, were formed into the
Division of Southeast Missouri under com-
mand of Brigadier-General Steele. The first
brigade of this force was commanded by Col-
Carlin of the Thirty-eighth Illinois, and con-
sisted of the Twenty-first and Thirty-eighth
Illinois Infantry, Fifth Cavalry and the Six-
teenth Ohio Battery. On the 2 1st of April
the command moved into Arkansas, Ijut in May
the Twenty-first and Thirty-eighth were or-
dered back to Missouri, and thence proceeded
to Mississippi, arriving before Corinth during
the last days of the siege. It remained in
Mississippi until August when it joined Buell's
army and took part in the chase of Bragg
to Louisville. Returning, it participated in
the battle of Perryville, capturing, with its
brigade, an ammunition train, two caissons
and about one hundred prisoners, and was
honorably mentioned in Gen. MitchpU's re-
port of the battle. It followed in pursuit of
Bragg as far as Crab Orchard, Ky., and then
returned to Nashville, arriving November 9th.
It advanced with its brigade from Nashville
December 26th and took an active part in the
battle of Stone River, in which it sustained a
loss of thirty-four killed, one hundred and
nine wounded, and thirty-four missing. It
remained at Murfreesboro until in June, 1803,
being in the meantime transferred to the
Twentieth Army Corps. It was at Liberty
Gap, and on the 25th of June, it was ordered
to relieve the Seventy-seventh Pennsylvania,
which was hotly pressed by the enem\-. The
Thirtj'-eighth charged across a plowed field
under a heavy fire, and drove the enemy from
their works and cajjtured the flag of the
Second Arkansas. In a skirmish the next
day the regiment lost three men killed and
nineteen wounded. It remained in active
service during the summer and bore a promi-
nent part in the battle of Chickamauga in
which it lost 180 men killed, wounded and
missing, out of 301 who went into the battle.
It went to Bridgeport, Ala., October 25th,
where it went into winter quarters. February
29, 1864, the regiment re-enlisted, and in
March, came home on veteran furlough. At
the expiration of its furlough it returned to
Nashville, and on the 17th of May it entered
/
/
HISTOKY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
101
upon the campaicru in Georgia, wliich termi-
nated with the fall of Atlanta. It was ('ni;fa"-ed
principally in escort duty, with frequent
skirmishes, until in June, 1805, when it em-
barked lor New Orleans, and in July it went
to Texas, where it served until its muster out
December 31, 1865. It was then ordered to
Springfield, 111., where it was paid off and dis-
charged.
The Sixty-second Illinois Infantry drew a
company from Crawford, as well as a couple
of its field officers. Stephen M. Meeker, the
major of the Sixty-second, was promoted
lieutenant-colonel August 13, 1863, and Feb-
ruary 3, 1865, was discharged. Guy S. Alex-
ander, who entered the service as second
lieutenant of Company F, was promoted to
first lieutenant, then to captain, and under
the consolidation of the Sixty-second was pro-
moted to major of the new organization.
Company D of the Sixty-second contained a
few men from this county, while Company F
was principally made up here. Company F
went into the service with the following com-
missioned officers: Jesse Crooks, captain;
James J. McGrew, first lieutenant, and Guv
S. Alexander, second lieutenant. Captain
Crooks died October 7, 1864, and December
16th, Lieutenant Alexander was promoted to
captain. Upon the promotion of Captain
Alexander, George B. Everingham, who had
risen to second and then to first lieutenant,
was, on the 5th of May, 1865, promoted to
captain, and transferred to the consolidated
regiment as captain of Company F. Lieu-
tenant McGrew resigned September 11, 1862,
and Guy S. Alexander promoted in his place.
George F. DollUigji was promoted from
second lieutenant to first, and transferred,
and James Moore, John E. Miller and Wash-
ington T. Otey were promoted to second
lieutenants.
The Sixty-second was organized at Anna,
Illinois, in April, 186"2, and was at once or-
dered to C.iiro. May 7th it moved to Paducah,
and in June to Columbus, Ky., and from thence
to Tennessee. It remained in Tennessee
until ordered into Mississippi. On the
20th of December, Van Dorn captured Hollv
Springs, and among his prisoners were 170
men of the Sixty-second, including the major
and three lieutenants. These were paroled,
but all the records and papers of the regiment
were destroyed. April 15, 1863, the regiment
was brigaded with the Fiftieth Indiana,
Twenty-seventh Iowa and the First West
Tennessee regiments, in the second brigade
of the Third Division, Sixteenth Army Corps.
It was on duty in Mississippi and Tennessee
until the 24tli of August, when it was ordered
to Arkansas, where it served until January,
1804. It then re-enlisted as veterans, and
on the 25th of April moved to Pine Bluff,
remaining there until August 12th, when it
came home on veteran furlough. At expira-
tion of its furlough it returned to Pine Bluff,
where it arrived November 25, 1804. Here
the non-%'eterans were mustered out and the
veterans consolidated into seven companies,
and remained on duty at Pine Bluff. July
28, 1805, it was ordered to Fort Gibson, in
the Cherokee Nation, and served in the Dis-
trict of the frontier until March 6, 1860, when
it was mustered out of service at Little Rock
and sent home for final pay and discharge.
The Sixty-third Illinois Infantry also drew
a company from Crawford County. C'ompany
G was enrolled with the following commis-
sioned officers: Joseph R. Stanford, cap-
tain; W. B. Russell, first lieutenant, and W.
P. Richardson, second lieutenant. Captain
Stanford was promoted to major, June 14,
1805, and mustered out with the regiment
on the 13th of July. Lieutenant Russell re-
signed February 4, 1803; Second Lieutenant
Richardson was promoted to adjutan^., De-
cember 10, 1802. George W. Ball was made
first lieutenant upon the resignation of Lieut.
102
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
Russell, and died May 34, 1884, when Charles
G. (Jochran became first lieutenant, and on the
promotion of Capt. Stanford, was made cap-
tain in his place. Harvey G. Wycoff was
made first lieutenant, but mustered out as ser-
geant, July 13, 1865, with the regiment.
George B. Richardson was promoted to sec-
ond lieutenant, and resigned December 20,
18G3; Benj. B. Fannam was also promoted
to second lieutenant, but mustered out as ser-
geant.
This regiment, like the Sixty-second, was
organized at Anna, III., known then as Camp
Dubois, in December, 1801, and on the 27th of
April following it was ordered to Cairo. Af-
ter a short expedition into Kentucky, it was,
on the 4th of August, ordered to Jackson,
Tenn., where it was assigned to the Fourth
Brigade, Seventh Division of the Seventeenth
Army Corps, .John A. Logan commanding
the Division. It operated in Tennessee
and Mississippi, and was at the siege of
Vicksburg. On the 12th of September, 1803,
it was ordered to Helena, Ark., and on the
28th to Memphis; it moved toward Chatta-
nooga October 6th, and on the 23d of Novem-
ber participated in the battle of Mission
Ridge. After pursuing the enemy to Ring-
gold, Ga., it returned to Bridgeport, Ala.,
thence to Huntsville, where it arrived on the
26th and went into winter quarters. Janu-
ary 1, 1864, the regiment re-enlisted as vet-
erans, and on the 3d of April came home on
furlough. May 21st, it reported again for duty
at Huntsville and was assigned to the duty of
guarding the railroads until the 11th of No-
vember, when it was ordered to join Gen.
Sherman. It accompanied him in his cele-
brated march to the sea, participating in most
of the battles and skirmishes of the campaign.
It left Raleigh, N. C, and proceeded to Rich-
mond, Va., thence to Washington city, where
it took part in the grand review on the 24th
of May. After the review it was ordered to
Louisville, Ky., where, on the 13th of Julj-,
1865, it was mustered out of the service and
sent home. The following statistics are fur-
nished of this resriment:
men.
Original aggregate 888
Present when re-enlisted 322
Veteran? of eiglit companies (two companies being in-
eligible) '^72
Arrival at Camp Butler, July 16, 1865, for discharge 272
miles.
Distance traveled by rail 2,208
'* '* ** water 1,995
" marched 2,250
Total 6,453
The Seventy-ninth Illinois Infantry con-
tained, we believe, a few men from Crawford
County; but no organized force was enlisted
here for the regiment. We have no data at
hand of the recruits from the county to the
Seventy-ninth, or of their service.
The Ninety-eighth Illinois Infantry drew
more men, perhaps, from this county, than
any other regiment. Two full cotnpanies (D
and E) may be termed Crawford County
companies. Company D was sworn into the
service with the following commissioned offi-
cers: M'^illiam Wood, captain; James II.
Watts, first lieutenant; and William G.
Young, second lieutenant. Captain Wood
resigned, Dec. 5, 1864, and Second Lieuten-
ant Young became captain in his place.
Lieutenant Watts resigned February 22,
1863, and David L. Condrey was promoted
in his stead, remaining with the regiment to
its muster-out. Achilles M. Brown became
second lieutenant, and resigned March 22,
1864. Of other promotions, we have no facts.
Company E was organizsd with the follow-
ing officer^: .John T. Cox, captain; I.-a A.
Flood, first lieutenant; and Charles Wil-
lard, second lieutenant. Captain Cox re-
signed April 13, 1863, and Lieutenant Flood
was promoted to the vacancy, and on the 15th
of June, 1865, he was promoted to major,
but mustered out as captain. George B.
HISTORY OF CKAWl-oRl) (OrXTV.
103
Sweet beciime secoml lieutenant, was pro-
moted to first, iind then to captain, but mus-
tered out as first lieutenant. John Boes
became second lieutenant, and was pro-
moted to first lieutenant, and mustered out
with the regiment. Second Lieutenant Wil-
lard resigned .March 20, 1863; J. W. .fones
was promoted to second lieutenaut, but mus-
tered out as sergeant.
The Ninety-eighth * was organized at Cen-
tralia. 111., and was mustered into the United
States service September 3, ISG'i, and on
the 8th it started for Louisville, Kv., then
threatened by Gen. Bragg. It was embarked
on two railroad trains, and when near Bridge-
port, 111., the foremost train was thrown from
the track by a displaced switch and five men
killed, among whom was Captain O. L. Kel-
ly of Company K, while some 7-) others were
injured, several of whom afterward died.
Arriving at Louisville, it was brigaded with
the Seventy-second and Seventy-fifth In-
diana Infantry, and the Thirteenth Indiana
Battery, Col. A. O. Miller of the Seventy-
second Indiana, commanding. The regi-
ment, witli its brigade, served in Kentucky
until in November, when it marched into
Tennessee. From Gallatin it moved to Cas-
tilian Springs, and on the 14th of Dec(>mber,
to Bledsoe Creek. December 2Gth it began
the march northward in pursuit of Gen. Mor-
gan, arriving at Glasgow on the 31st; and on
the 2d of January, 1863, it moved to Cave
City, and from thence to Nashville on thj
5th; then to Murfreesboro where, on the l-tth,
it was assigned to the First Brigade, Fifth
Division, Fourteenth Army Corps. On the
8th of March, the regiment was ordered to be
mounted, and served in Tennessee where it
* The sketch of the Ninety-eighth given herewith
is oompileil from a history of thj regim 'nfc written
by Adjutant Aden Knoph, and published in the Ar-
gus in Septembsr, 1882.
did active duty in scouting- guarding for-
age trains, etc., until the Chattanooga cam-
paign, in which it participated. On the 20tii
of September, at Cliattanooga, Col. Funk-
houser of the Ninety-eighth, was severely
wounded, and the command of the regiment
devolved on Lieutenant-Colonel Kitchell.
The regiment lost in the l)attle five men
killed and thirty-six woan:led. It continued
to operate in Tennessee, engaged in scout-
ing and skirmishing, until the campaign in
Georgia, when it was assigned to the Second
Cavalry Division, commanded by Gen. Crook,
and took an active part at Ringgold, Buzzard
Roost, Dallas, Marietta, Rough-and-Ready,
and other places familiar to the Army of the
Cumberland, the Ohio, and Tennessee. On
the 1st of November, 1864, the Regiment
turned over its horses and equipments to Kil-
patrick, and moved via Chattanooga and
Nashville to Louisville, where it arrived on
the 16th, and lay in camp for some time, wait-
ing to be equipped anew. Taking the war-
path again, it, on the 31st of December moved
to Eiizidjethtown, Ky., thence to Mumford-
ville. Bowling Green, and finally to Nashville.
,Tanu;ir\' 1"2, 1805. the command moved into
Alabama, remaining at Gravelly Springs un-
til March 8th, when it moved to Waterloo,
and on the 31st, to Montevallo, and April 2d
took part in the capture of Solma. This was
the last severe duty of the Ninety-eighth, as
on the 20th of April they were detailed as
provost guard of JIacon, Ga. May 22d it
started for Chattanooga, and from thence to
Nashville, where it arrived on the loth, and
June 27, 1865, it was mustered out of the
service and ordered to Springfield, 111., for
final discharge.
The One Hundred and Thirty-fifth Infantry,
called into service for 100 days, had one com-
pany recruited mostly in Crawford County.
Company 11 was commanded bv Capt. James
1>. A^'icklin, with Philip Brown as first lieu
104
HISTORY OF (^RAWFOUU lOU.NTY.
tenant and A. D. Otey, second lieutenant.
We have no record of its operations during
its term of service.
Tlie One Hundred and Fifty-second In-
fantry recruited under the call for " one year
service," contained a Crawford County com-
pany. Company H veent into the field in
charge of the following commissioned officers:
George W. Beam, captain; William Dyer,
first lieutenant; Ferdinand Hughes, second
lieutenant.
The One Hundred and Fifty-second was
recruited for one year, and was organized at
Camp Butler, Illinois, February 18, 1865. It
went to Nashville, and thence to TuUahoma.
It was mustered out of the service September
11, 1865, at Camp Butler.
The One Hundred and Fifty- fifth Infantry
drew a company from Crawford County.
Company C was principally from this county,
and had the following commissioned officers:
John W. Lowber, captain; Ross Neeley, first
lieutenant, and Marshall C. Wood, second
lieutenant.
This regiment was organized at Camp But-
ler, Illinois, February 28, 18G5, for one year.
March 2d, the regiment, 904 strong, proceeded
via Louisville and Nashville to Tullahoma,
where it was employed mostly in guard duty
on the Nashville & Chattanooga Railroad.
September 4, 1865, it was mustered out of
the service at Camp Butler and discharged.
The Fifth Illinois Cavalry contained a
Crawford County company of men. Com-
pany F was principally from this county, and
was officered as follows: Horace P. Mum-
ford, captain; Francis M. Doroth}', first lieu-
tenant, and Wm. Wagenseller, second lieu-
tenant. Capt. Mumford was promoted to
major of the regiment May 24, 1803, and died
October 26, 1864, at Springfield, 111. Lieut.
Dorothy resigned January 10, 1863; Lieut.
Wagenseller was promoted to first lieutenant
January 10, 1863, and to captain May 24,
1863, and then resigned. Thos. J. Dean be-
came second lieutenant, was promoted to first
lieutenant May 24, 1863, to captain July 5,
1864, and died on the 20th of September fol-
lowing. James H. Wood became second
lieutenant May 34, 1863, was promoted to
first lieutenant July 5, 1864, to captain Sep-
tember 20, 1864, and was mustered out with
the regiment at the close of the war. Edwin
P. Martin was promoted to second lieutenant,
then became adjutant and alterward resigned.
Jacob Stifal was made first lieutenant, and
remained in the service until the muster out
of the regiment; James G. Bennett was pro-
moted to second lieutenant October 26, 1865,
but mustered out as sergeant.
Of the field and staff, Major Mumford,
Adjutant Martin, Quartermaster Robert C.
Wilson, and Surgeon Wm. Watts, were
Crawford County men. Adjutant Martin re-
signed. Quartermaster Wilson was mustered
out of the service. Dr. Watts entered as
assistant surgeon, was promoted to surgeon,
and was mustered out October 27, 1865, with
the regiment.
Maj. Mumford died in the latter part of
1664. The following tribute to his gallantry
as a soldier and officer, was paid him by Gen.
Dennis, in a letter to Hon. Jesse K. Dubois:
'' This will be handed you by Maj. Mumford,
Fifth Illinois Cavalry Volunteers. The Major
has been in my command for the last four
months, and the greater portion in command
of his regiment. In the expedition from
Vicksburg, the Major had command of the
entire cavalry forces, composed of parts of
four regiments. When I say that he handled
his command as well, and did better fighting
than any cavalry officer I have met with in
Mississippi, it will be indorsed by all the old
officers who were with the late raids. Maj.-
Gen. Slocum was so well please i and satis-
fied with him and the good discipline of his
men, that he continued him in coniuiand, noi
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
105
withstanding his supoiiois were present with
the expedition."
The Fifth Cavalry was organized at Camp
ButU;r in November, 1861, witli Hall Wilson,
colonel. It served in Missouri and Arkansas
until the SOth of May, 1803, when it embarked
for Vicksburg. xVfter the fall of that rebel
stronghold, it accompanied Gen. Sherman's
army toward Jackson, and was engaged in
several skirmishes with the enemy in which it
sustained some loss. It was on active duty in
Mississippi until January 1, 1864, when many
of its men re-enlisted as veterans, and on the
17th of March, the veterans were furlougliod.
May 27th, Col. McConnell took command,
when eight companies were dismounted, and
Companies A, B, C and D, were fully armed
and equipped. This battalion of cavalry con-
tinued to serve in Mississippi, and was actively
engaged most of the time in raiding and
scouting. January 24, 1865, the battalion
moved to Memphis, and thence on an expedi-
tion to Southern Arkansas and Louisiana, re-
turning February 13th. On the 1st of .luly,
it was ordered to Texas. It served in Texas
until October 6th, when it was sent home to
Springfield, 111., and on the 27th, was mus-
tered out of the service, paid off and dis-
charged.
This completes the sketch of Illinois regi-
ments in which Crawford County was repre-
sented. Many men, however, enlisted in
other States, particularly in Missouri and In-
diana. Several Missouri regiments contained
a large number of Crawford County men, but
how many, we have no accurate means of
knowing.
During the four years of the war, the county
kept up her enlistments, equal to almost any
other county in the State. There was but
one draft, and that vcas for a few men only.
The deficiency was thus apportioned among
the different precincts: Hutsonville, 10;
Robinson, 5; Watts, 19; Licking, 16; Mar-
tin, none; Franklin, 33; Embarras, 11; North-
west, 8; Montgomery, 21; 01>long, 0; Pales-
tine, 14, and Southwest, 3. Buforo the date
fixed for the draft, some of the precincts had
filled their quotas, and others had decreased
the deficiency, so that when it actually took
place, it was as follows: Franklin, 16; Watts,
8; Licking, 8; Hutsonville, 1; Oblong, 3;
Northwest, 4; Montgomery, 10; with a like
number of " reserves " from each of the drafted
precincts. The Argus published the following,
as the full quota of the county by precincts, un-
der the] different calls, including the last two
in 1864, whicli two alone aggregated 500,000
men: Hutsonville, quota 176 — credit, 166;
Robinson, quota 198 — credit, 193; Watts,
quota, 67 — credit, 48; Licking, quota 72 — ■
credit, 56; Martin, quota 69 — credit, 69;
Franklin, quota 144 — credit. 111; Embarras,
quota 55 — credit, 44; Northwest, quota 59 —
credit, 51; Montgomery, quota 86 — credit, 65;
Oblong, quota 55 — credit, 49; Palestine, quota
148 — credit, 133; Southwest, quota 20 —
credit, 17; total quota, 1,149; total credits,
1,' 03; deficiency, 146. Another draft was
ordered later on, to fill up the quota on a last
call, but before the appointed day came, more
welcome nev\-s was flashed over the wires, viz.:
the fall of Richmond, the surrender of Gon.
Lee, and the armies of the Confederacy. The
draft was declared " off;" the war was over,
the country was saved, and the troops were
coming home. The saddest part of the home-
coming, was in the many vacancies in the
broken ranks — the absence of " those who
came not back." A little poem dedicated to
the "Illinois dead," and published in the
initiatory number of the Arffun, is appropriate:
" Oh, sing the funeral roundelay,
Let warmest tears be shed,
And rear the mighty mouumenta
For the Illinois dead.
" On many a field of victory
Tliey slumber in th';'ir gore,
106
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
They rest beneath the shining sands
On ocean's soundmg shore.
" Where from Virginia's mountain chains,
By Rappahannock's side,
Upon the Heights of Maryland
Her gallant sons have died.
" The broken woods of Tennessee,
Are hallowed by their blood.
It consecrates Missouri's plains,
And Mississippi's flood,
" Kentucky's ' dark and bloody ground,
Is furrowed by theu- graves;
They sleep in Alabama's soil,
By Pamlico's dark waves.
" And Mississippi's poison swamps,
Arkansas river ways,
And Pennsylvania's pleasant towns
Attest our heroes praise.
"They saw them in the ranks of war,
Oh. memory dark with woe!
They saw them yield to death, who ne'er
Had yielded to the foe.
" Then weave the chaplets fair and well
To grace each noble name.
That grateful llhuois writes
Upon the scroll of fame.
' Her sons have led the battle's van.
Where many fought and fell,
With all the noble Gracchi's zeal.
The hero faith of Tell."
We can not close this chapter more appropri-
ately, than to devote a few words to the noble
women of the land, whose zeal and patriotism
were as strong as those who bore the brunt
of the battle. They could not shoulder their
guns and march in the ranks, but they w >re
not idle spectators of the struggle. How
often was the soldier's heart encouraged; how
often his right arm made stronger to strike for
freedom by the cheering words of patriotic,
hopeful women! And how often the poor lad
whom disease had fastened, was made to tliank
devoted women for their ceaseless and un-
wearied exertions in collecting and sending
stores for the comfort of the sick and wounded.
We may boast of the fame and prowess of a
Grant, a Sherman, a Lee, a Sheridan, but the
devotion of those noblewomen surpasses tiiem
all, and truly, the world sustains its heaviest
loss when such spirits fall. A war correspond-
ent paid them the following merited tribute:
"While soldiers of every grade and color are
receiving eulogies and encomiums of a grate-
ful people, patient, forbearing w^oman is for-
gotten. The scar-worn veteran is welcomed
with honor to home. The recruit, the colored
soldier, and even the hundred days' men re-
ceive the plaudits of the nation. But not one
word is said of that patriotic, widowed mother,
who sent with a mother's blessing on his head,
her only son, the staff and support of her de-
clining years, to battle for his country. The
press says not one word of the patriotism, the
sacrifices of the wife, sister or daughter, who
with streaming eyes, and almost broken heart,
said to husbands, brothers, fathers, " much as
we love you, we can not bid you stay with us
when our country needs yon; nay, we bid you
go, and wipe out the insult offered the star-
spangled banner, and preserve unsullied this
union of States."
Brave and noble, self-sacrificing women!
your deeds deserve to be written in letters of
shining gold. Love and devotion to the un-
fortunate and heart-felt pity for the woes of
suffering humanity are among your brightest
characteristics. Your kindly smiles of sym-
pathy break through the clouds of misfortune,
and your gentlest tones are breathed amid
the sighs of suffering and sorrow. Your
o-entle ministrations to the war-worn soldiers,
in humble imitation of Him who taught the
sublime lesson about the cup of cold water to
the little one, will live as long as the trials
and hardships of the war are remembered,
and that will be glory enough.
CHAPTEE X.
ROBINSON TOWNSHIP-DESCRIPTION AND TOPOGRAPHY-GENERAL CHARACTER OF THE
COUNTRY-LAND ENTRIES-ADVENT OF THE WHITES-TIME AND PLACE OF
SETTLEMENT-EARLY SOCIETY-THE BEGINNING OF AGRICULTURE
—PIONEER INDUSTRIES AND IMPROVEMENTS— EARLY
MARKETS, ETC., ETC. .
"And nature glarlly gave them place.
Adopted them into her race." — Emerson.
nOUTHERN Illinois is an offspring of the
O "South." Freed from British control in
177S by a son of Virginia, and passing its early
existence under the colonial regime as the
county Illinois of the State of Virginia, its
first American settlements were founded by
emigrants from County Kentucky, and the
parent State. Later, as the territorial posses-
sion of the general government, the story of
its beautiful plains, its stately woods and its
navigable rivers, spread to the contiguous
States of North Carolina and Tennessee, and
brought from thence a vast influ.x: of popula-
tion. The early tide of emigration set
toward the region marked by the old French
settlements, and reaching out from this point
followed the course of the rivers which drew
their sources from the northern interior.
Thus for some thirty j-ears the eastern side of
this fair country was almost ignored, but the
military activities involved in the war of 1813
brought many of the hardy citizens of the
south in actual contact with the beauties of
the " Wabash country," and the years of
1S14-15 witnessed a concourse of clamorous
immigrants held in abeyance upon the bor-
der only b}' the slow pacification of the Indi-
ans who had engaged in the war on the side
of the British. Here and there, one more
•By .1. H. Battle.
bold than the rest, reared his rude tabernacle
upon this debatable ground and occasion-
ally paid the forfeiture of his life for his
temerity. But the barrier once removed, the
swollen tide spread rapidly over the coveted
land, and up sprang as though by magic, the
log cabins, the teeming harvests, the mill, the
church, the school-house, and all the " busy
hum " of pioneer activity. Such in brief is
the history of Crawford County.
The division of the County to which our
attention is now directed, is the outgrowth of a
later development. As settlements increased,
precincts were formed which were after-
ward subdivided, and in 1868 the present
township organization was effected. Under
the original division this township formed the
central part of LaMotte Precinct, and on the
removal of the county seat from Palestine,
this became Robinson Precinct, in honor of .f.
M. Robinson, a leading attorney and promi-
nent citizen of Carmi. The township thus
designated includes thirty sections of town 7
north, range 12 west, of the government sur-
vey, eighteen sections of town 6 north, same
range, sections 1, 13, and 13 of town 0 north,
range 13 west, and sections 12, 13, 24, 25 and
36, of town 7 north, same range, a total of
fifty-six sections. The original character of
the country included within these limits was
part," barrens" and part true prairie. These
were irregularly distributed, the latter gener-
ally proving to be low levels when the con-
108
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
centrated moisture prevented the growth of
the timber of this region. The whole surface,
however, was such as to afford but little ob-
stacle to the progress of the regular fall fires,
and only here and there a good sized tree
stood out upon the blackened plain as evi-
dence that the whole land had not been van-
quished by the fiery onslaught. But the first
settlers found further evidence of the char-
acter of the land, in the roots or "grubs"
•which still remained in the ground, and it
seemed an aggravation of the usual hardships
of pioneer experience that the condition of
the prairie land forced the new-comer to se-
lect the poorer land. The' natural drainage
of the township is toward the east, south and
■west from the central part. Sugar Creek
received two small affluents from the western
side; Honey Creek takes its rise a short dis-
tance to the south of the village, and an arm
of Big Creek drains the eastern side. The
soil is a strong yellow clay, which has been
the chief resource of the community settled
here. Since the early years of the settlement
but little attention has been paid to stock
raising, save perhaps in the case of hogs, and
a system of mixed husbandry in which the
cultivation of corn and wheat has been prom-
inent, has prevailed.
The settlement of Robinson township was
not the result of that orderly succession of
immigrants often observed, but checked at
the Palestine fort, for a year or two the immi-
gration gathered such members that when
once the fear of Indian hostility was removed,
the cooped- up settlers spread simultaneously
in all parts of the country. A list of the early
entries of land will give some notion of the
early comers to the country and their choice
of lands, though they did not all settle upon
the lands they entered. The entries in town
7 north, range 12 west, were on section 9,
Jesse Page and Harmon Gregg, in 1817; on
sect;on 10, James Newlin and John Hill, in
1818; on section 11, Thomas Newlin, Thomas
Young and Nathan Mars, in 1818; on section
12, Joshua Barbee, in 1818, and Enoch Wil-
hoit in 1820; on section 13, William Dunlap
and William Everman, in 1818; on section 15,
James J. Nelson, in 1818; on section 17,
Armstead Bennett, in 1818; on section 22,
W. T. Barry, in 1818, and in the previous year
on section 27; on section 23, Wilson Lagow,
in 1817, and WilHam Nelson, in 1818; on
section 24, William Mitchell, in 1818, and
William Barbee in 1817; on section 25, John
Mars and William Mitchell, in 1817. In
town 6 north, range 13 west, entries were
made by Charles Dawson, in 1818, and Jona-
than and John Wood, in 1819, on section 1;
and by Richard Easton, on section 3, in
1818. In town 7 north, range 13 west, on
section 11, Wilson Lagow made entry in
1817, and Ithra Brashears, in 1818; on sec-
tion 12, Lagow made an entry in 1817, and in
the following year, Lewis Little and Barnett
Starr, made entries of land. A number of
these entries were made for speculative pur-
poses; other entries were subsequently relin-
quished for a consideration or of necessity, and
a number of persons came here who stayed
for a few years and moved away without
making any attempt to secure a title to land
or staying here permanently, entered land
much later, so that so far as forming any
judgment of the actual settlement of Robin-
son, these entries afford but little data.
Among the earliest of the settlers in this
township was the Newlin family. The flat-
tering reports of the character of the Wabash
Valley had reached North Carolina, and
leaving his native State, Nathaniel Newlin
went to Tennessee, where his brothers, John
and Eli, had settled, to urge them toward
the new land of promise. He was so success-
ful that in 1817 the three brothers moved to
the "Beech Woods" in Indiana. Nathaniel
was not then married, but the trip to this
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
109
region satisfied him that this was the country
to live in, and in the fall he returned to brinor
out his father, John Newlin, Sr. In the fol-
lowing spring he returned to the valley, but
his brother not liking their location, he de-
termined to try the west side of the river, and
eventually fixed upon a site on section 10,
towi' 7 north, 13 west. In the same spring,
the boys, John and Eli, left their place on the
Indiana side and came to Robinson. When
the older Newlin came, his son Thomas was
prepared to move at the same time, but his
wife being sick he was obliged to remain.
Durinsr the summer Nathaniel returned to
North Carolina, married a lady and assisted
his brother, Thomas, to get his goods togeth-
er for removal. The latter's wife had so far
recovered as to attempt the journey. The
family consisted of the sick wife, his sister,
and five children, with Nathaniel and his
bride. With these stowed away in such space
as the household effects left in a large Vir-
ginia land schooner, the journey was begun,
the men walking most of the way or riding a
spare horse which was the marriage portion
of the bride. Quite a number of families
started in company for the new country, con-
tinuing together across a corner of Virginia
to Crab Orchard, Kentucky, where the rest
took the right hand road which led toward
Indiana, thus parting company. While pass-
ing through Virginia, Mrs. Newlin grew
worse, and finally died, the sorrowing family
being compelled to bury her there among
strangers. On reaching this country, they
found shelter in the cabin of John Newlin,
Sr., who very soon afterward took up his
home in a new but smaller cabin which was
at once constructed.
In 1817, Thomas Young, William Barbee
and Nathan Mars, came to this country to
prospect for a home. The other two men
had married sisters of Barbee, and in the fol-
lowing year they all returned with their
families, Barbee settling on section 25, Mars
and Young on section 11. On their return
in 1818, from their native State of Kentucky,
they were accompanied by the family of John
Wright, \sho was also a brother-in-law of
Barbee. Jesse Page, a native of Kentucky,
came here in 1817, entered land on the
fractional quarter on the southeast of section
9, and in the following spring brought his
family to a farm, whence he moved to Clark
County in 1834. Harrison Gregg came here
in the same spring, a young married man with
wife and two children, but left this country
for Texas some years later. Joshua Barbee,
a brother of William, came in the spring of
1818 from Kentucky, but left for the Lost
River country a few years later. William
Everman came about the same time from the
same State, and located on section 13. Arm-
stead and Steven Bennett came from Ken-
tucky in 1818, and located on section 13.
This family were in comfortable financial cir-
cumstances, and improved a good farm, but
subsequently left for Texas, selling out to
Guy Smith. William Mitchel was a young
unmarried man, a new emigrant from Eng-
land. He entered land as early as 1817, and
perhaps was the first actual settler in Robin-
son township. After maintaining bachelor's
hall for a number of years, he married Sarah
Newlin, and lived on his place until the day
of his death. Enoch Wilhoit was an immi-
grant of 1820, coming from Kentucky, and
settling on section 12.
The " entry book " indicates an interval
of a number of years between the coming of
Wilhoit and the next entr}', and it is probable
that there were few permanent accessions to
the community planted here before 1830.
Under the peculiar condition of affairs in a
new country it was frequently the case, that
people in search of a new home would come
to this section, build a cabin, raise one crop
and then move to some locality which prom-
110
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
ised better results. This was true to some
extent in this township, and later comers
found no ditHculty in securing a cabin fitted
at least for a temporary abode. Of this later
accession John Nichols was an early settler.
He came from Virginia about 1830, settling
upon property which stiil remains in posses-
sion of the family. John Gwin a son-in-law
of Nichols, was another incomer of this time,
and located about a mile and a half north of
town. John Cable came here about this time
and purchased considerable land about the
site of the village. His cabin was erected
on what is now known as the Dunham place.
He was a man of good education for the time
and had formerly engaged in teaching. An
active, intelligent farmer, the prospect of im-
proving a large farm and securing a fine com-
petency seemed bright before him, when the
death of his wife, leaving four little children
to his care, dashed his hopes in this direction.
He at once sold his property, and moving in-
to Indiana engaged in mercantile pursuits,
subsequently acquiring considerable wealth,
and rearing his children without the aid of a
second wile.
His old cabin still does duty as a stable for
Samuel Maginnis. In 18.33 F. M. Brown
came to the east side of the village and en-
tered 160 acres of land. He was a native of
Virginia, from whence he had gone to Gar-
rard County, Kentucky, thence to Indiana,
and finally to Illinois. Nicholas Smith, a
family connection of Brown's, had settled
here, and it was through the representations
of the former that Brown came here. The
journey was made in a big schooner wagon
drawn by two yoke of oxen. In this was be-
stowed the household effects, the wife, and so
many of the eight children as could not make
part of the way on foot. Two cows and a mare
and colt completed his whole worldly posses-
sion, aside from the entry price of his land.
On arriving here, the family found shelter in
a deserted cabin built by William Patton,
on the site of the old brick-yard. Brown's
land lay just beyond the limits of the present
village, to the northeast, and when the ques-
tion of erecting a cabin on this property
came, there was a division of opinion. The
head of the family had chosen as the pro-
posed site, a pleasant grove situated on a
little knoll just east of the village, but Mrs.
Brown, always accustomed to wooded coun-
try, feared such an exposed situation, and de-
sired the cabin built on lower ground in the
edge of the timber. It was finally left to a
vote of the children, who, sharing the preju-
dices of their mother, decided in favor of the
low land and timber. In 1833 John Blank-
enship came to the central part of this town-
ship. He was an old soldier of the war of
1812, as Brown had been, and the two had
campaigned together. It was through the
influence of Brown that he came here. He
built a cabin where Aldrich Waters now
lives, the first residence on what is now the
village of Robinson. He made no entry or
purchase of land here, and subsequently
moved elsewhere.
Succeeding the accessions of this period
another interval of some eighteen years
occurred in which there were few or no addi-
tions to the settlement in this township. The
removal of the county seat, and the laying
out of Robinson village, however, changed
this apathy into a vigorous activity, though
the immediate effect was more apparent in
the history of the village than in the surround-
ing country, where the last of the public lands
were not taken up until about 1851 or later.
There was much to remind the first settlers
that this was a frontier country. Following
close upon the cessation of Indian hostilities,
they found the natives in undisturbed pos-
session of the hunting grounds they had fre-
cpiented from time out of mind; to the north
for miles there was but here and there an
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
Ill
isolated cabin, while the nearest village was
thirty miles to the southeast. A well traveled
trail led up from Vincetines, through Pales-
tine to Vandalia, and later a mail route was
marked by a bridle path from Palestine
through the central part of Robinson. The
whole country, however, was open to travel,
xliere was but little to obstruct the way, or
even the view. Doer could be seen as far as
the eye would reach, and travelers found it
necessary only to avoid the low prairie land
which throughout the summer was so wet as
to allow a horse to mire to the hock-joint.
These lands have since proven the best farm-
ing property in the country, but were orig-
inally so wet as to be entered only as a last
resort. The settler once here, the neighbor-
hood which extended for miles about, was
summoned and a cabin raised. Here there
was no dearth of assistance, but in the lower
part of the county, early settlers were occa-
sionally obliged to build a three-sided shelter
until enough men came in to build a cabin.
The difficult method of transportation pre-
vented the bringing of any great amount of
furniture. Beside the family, the wagon load
consisted of provisions, bedding, a few hand
tools, and perhaps a chair or two. The New-
lins brought in three chairs strapped on the
feed-box, and the first care of Thomas was to
go to Vincennes where he purchased a barrel
of salt for eighteen dollars, some blacksmith
tools and a cow and calf.
The home once secured, attention was then
turned to the preparation of a crop for the
next season's support, " Clearing " did not
form an onerous part in the first work of the
farm. Tlie principal growth was brush,
which necessitated a good deal of pains-taking
" grubbing," and then the firm sod was
turned by the plow. The first of these im-
plements in use here, was the Gary plow with
a mold board, part wood and part iron, hewed
out of beech or maple, which necessitated a
stop once in about twenty rods, to clean with
a woodeti jiaddle carried for that purpose.
These were succeeded by the Diamond plow,
manufactured principally at the country
blacksmith's. Their construction involved an
oblong piece of steel, 13 by 10 inches, which
was cut into a rude diamond shape, bent to
serve as a plowshare and point, and welded
to an iron beam. This was a considerable
improvement upon its predecessor, and the
two forms sufficed for years. The first crop
of corn was very often planted in gashes made
in the sod by an ax. From such rude hus-
bandry an abundant harvest was received,
amply sufficient at least for the support of the
family and such stock as needed feeding
grain. Thomas Newlin was a blacksmith by
trade, and set up his forge very soon after his
arrival. This shop was a valuable acquisition
to this community, and was the only one for
miles about. Here almost everything a farmer
needed of iron was made: plows made and
sharpened, hand tools and kitchen utensils.
An important resource of the early com-
munity, and one, in fact, without which the
settlement of this country must have been
greatly hindered, was the game that found
food and shelter here. Deer were found in
almost countless numbers, and in some sea-
sons of the year as many as fifty or seventy-
five have been counted in a single herd.
The settlers who came here were not born
hunters, and most of them had to learn to
shoot deer, though fair marksmen at other
game. One of the noted hunters of this re-
gion said he missed at least one hundred of
those animals before he ever hit one. Hun-
dreds of them were killed, and so unequal
was the supply and demand of venison that
it was years before a deer with the hide
would bring fifty cents. When the village
growth of the county became such that they
could be disposed of at this price considerable
numbers were brought in, and the money thus
112
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUICTY.
acquired saved for taxes. It is related on one
occasion a settler shot a fine deer, dressed it,
and took the two hind quarters to Palestine
to dispose of. He met a man newly arrived
in the village and when asked the price of
them, the hunter put a big price upon them,
charging fifty cents apiece, but to his utter
astonishment the stranger took both quarters
and paid down the cash without a question.
Much as he needed the monej', the settler has
never been quite sure to this day that the
stranger was compos mentis, or tiiat he did
not overreach his immature experience. Oc-
casionally a deer would turn upon his antag-
onist and give the sport a zest which did not
lessen the attraction to the frontiersman.
One of the Newlins out in quest of deer, got
a shot at a fine buck and dropped him to the
ground. Supposing he had killed the animal
instantly, he approached without observing
the precaution of loading his rifle. He had
his ax in hand, and just before reaching the
animal, the buck, which he had only " creased,"
sprang to its feet and made a desperate
charge upon the hunter. Seizing his ax in
his right hand, he warded off the horns with
his left and aimed a blow with his weapon,
but only succeeded in avoiding the antlers
of the infuriated animal to be knocked down
by its shoulder. A second charge followed
which resulted only in Newlin giving the
animal a wound but being again knocked
down. A third charge resulted in both fall-
ing together, the animal on top, but stimu-
lated by the exigencies of the circumstances,
the hunter got to his feet first and by a well
directed blow of the ax swung in both hands,
crushed in the forehead of the animal as it
got to its feet. The favorite way of shooting
these animals was, in the early years, by "still
hunt." The hunter taking a seat on a log
near a deer trail, and shooting such animals
as came within his reach. Others watched a
'* lick " and shot the deer as it came to drink.
Later, as the deer grew scarce they were pur-
sued with dogs, most farmers keeping one or
two and sometimes a dozen.
Bears were sometimes found, though but
few are known to have been killed in this
township. One with two cubs passed near a
new cabin that had been raised. The settler
succeeded in catching one of the cubs, but
the mother, contrary to her traditional love
for her offspring, lost no time in getting into
the timber. On another occasion a party of
hunters started out from this settlement with
several dogs in pursuit of a bear whose tracks
they found in the snow. After following the
trail to McCall's prairie they were met by a
sudden snow-squall which filled the tracks
and blinded the hunters, but the dogs exhib-
iting a desire to rush on, were set loose
and soon had bruin at bay. The men pushed
on and found the animal had taken to a tree,
but at the approach of the hunters it came
down and was soon at war with the dogs.
It was impossible to shoot because the dogs
surrounded the victim, so one of the hunters
rushed up with an ax and struck it a fatal
blow while it held a dog in its teeth.
" Painters," wild cats and wolves were nu-
merous and considerably feared, though no
mishap ever happened to the early settlers here
from their attack. There have been a good
many narrow escapes from what seemed
imminent danger, which served to emphasize
the fear generally entertained, but these
hardly reached the dignity of an incident.
It is related that a hunter following a
wounded deer, after he had expended all his
bullets was seriously menaced by eight
wolves, which the trace of fresh blood from
the deer had attracted, and that they came
so close that he prudently climbed a tree.
He was not besieged long as the trail of the
deer promised better game, and the wolves
passed on depriving the hunter of his game.
But while these wolves were not very trouble-
HISTOUY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
ii:;
sonio to pui-soMS, tlioir attacks upon stock
jiroveda source of annoyanco to the pioneer
farmer. There was but little stock in the
country. Most of the new comers brought
in a cow and team of horses or oxen, and
these were generally free from attacks. The
young stock, however, were often victimized.
Calves, heifers, and occasionally cows were
killed, while young pigs and sheep escaped
the voracious jaws of these animals only
through the utmost care. A drove of sheep
was early brought to Palestine, and many of
the farmers bought enough to supply wool for
their family needs. For years these small flocks
had to be carefully watched during the day
and folded at night, the younger members
of the family acting as shepherds. The
farmers' dogs soon learned to keep the wolves
off, though it generally needed the presence
of some one of the family to give them the
necessary courage to attack.
Bees were found here in great numbers,
and honey and bees-wax became an article
of commerce. Many made honey an object
of search and became expert in hunting this
kind of game. The plan was to burn some
of the comb to attract the bees to a bait of
honey or a decoction of anise seed, and when
loaded up to watch their course. In this way
hundreds of trees were found stored with the
sweet results of the busy labor of these insects
that would have probably escaped the sharp-
est sciutiny. S(jme were found containino-
fifteen gallons of honey, and the past year
is the first, since his residence here, Matthew
Newlin relates, that he has not discovereil
one of these trees.
In such a land, literally flowing with milk
and honey, it was natural to expect the
Indian to linger till the last possible moment.
The treaty with some of the natives of this
region provided for the payment of a certain
sum of money in four or five annual install-
nn,'nts at Vinccunes. This seived to keep
these loiterers here, who in the meantime
visited their old time haunts for game. There
was on the whole the utmost good feeling
entertained by both parties. There were
several cases of hostility with fatal results
in other parts of the county, some of which
threatened to involve the whole country here
in a serious conflict, but the matter was ar-
ranged and the peaceable relations existing
between the two people were not disturbed.
While the Indians generally respected thg
rights of property holders, and are not gen-
erally charged with stealing the settlers'
stock, etc., they did not hesitate to take any-
thing they could eat whenever within their
reach. Those who were fortunate enough to
have a spring near their cabins constructed
a rude spring house where the milk was kept.
This was free plunder to the natives, and
they did not scruple to come in day light and
drain the last drop before the indignant eyes
of the housewife. Others were in the habit
of coming to certain cabins just about break-
fast time, when they had learned to e.>cpect a
large corn-pone fresh from the bake-kettle.
The settlers soon learned to prepare for these
visits and so save their own meal. One
morning fourteen of the Indians came to a
cabin early, seeking something to eat. A
huge pone was just cooked and removing the
lid of the old-fashioned oven the head of the
family pointed to the dish. The Indians fln-
derstoud the gesture and one of their num-
ber thrusling his knile into the steaming
bread took it from the fire, laid it on the
table, and dividing into fifteen pieces, took a
double share and left, munching the food
with grunts of satisfaction. The rest each
took a share, leaving the family without an
important part of their breakfast. Such in-
cidents were accepted with philosophic com-
posure by the majority of the early white in-
habitants, who had a little more to complain
of in regrad to the natives. Tliere were
114
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNrV.
others, however, who were ready to charge
upon the Iiuli;u)s the loss of sundry hogs and
cattle, though it is generally believed that
such charges were made to account for the
hatred they cherished against them. One or
two chaiacters are mentioned who, for some
depredations committed by the savages in
Kentucky, took occasion to here avenge
themseves upon innocent members of the
same race.
The natives were chiefly of the Kickapoo
and Delaware tribes, and spent several winters
here. Tliey were provided with a canvass
wirrwam, the top being open to allow the
smoke to escape, and, contrary to the gene-
ral custom of the tribes, tilled no corn field,
evidently preferring to depend upon the
bounty of the whites and the results of a little
petty exchange which grew up between the
two races. Furs, dressed buckskin, and
game were exchanged for corn, bread, and
pork on ver\- good terms for the whites. They
gradually became very good company with
the athletes of the settlement, and took their
defeats with the best of good nature. In
shooting at a mark, jumping, wrestling and
running they were frequently out-done by
the whites, but in feats of long endurance,
shooting game and woodcraft, thej' sustained
the reputation which history has generally
given them.
The whites, separated from even the crude
advantages of a frontier society, were at first
whoU}' dependent upon their own ingenuity
for the commonest necessaries of life. Most
of the early families came from communities
where flour was not considered a luxury, mills
were within an easy journey, mechanics were
abundant and the best implements of the time
within their reach. But in coming to this
country all these were left behind. Few had
money to expend upon anything save the
price of their land, and the absence of stores
■was not at first felt to be so much of a priva-
tion, but wiien their first stock of ];rovision
was expended, and tliis with their clothing
was to be replaced, the only resort was to
Vincennes, some thirty miles away. Here
another difficulty presented itself. The farm-
er had a surplus of corn and but little more.
This was neither legal tender nor good for ex-
change very often, and later, when it became
marketable, the exchange for a wagon load
would not burden a child. Under such cir-
cumstances every piece of coin was husband-
ed with miserly care to meet land payments
and taxes, and often did not suffice for that.
At one time a large proportion of the taxes,
which for the whole county did not amountto
more than sixty dollars, was paid in wolf-
scalps and coon-skins. There was absolutely
no money to be had. There was but little
wheat sown, as it was believed it would not
grow, and even where the seed was found to
thrive the slight demand for it discouraged its
culture. Corn was the great staple, and va-
rious means were resorted to, to make it an-
swer the various demands of the farm and
family. The nearest mill was at first in Sha-
kerville, and subsequently on the Embarras
River in what is now Lawrence County.
]}ut these mills were twenty miles away and
man3- an emergency arose when there was no
meal in the cabin, and lack of time, stress of
weather or other obstacle hindered the tedi-
ous journey and delay of going to mill. Hom-
inj' mortars were found at many of the cabins,
which were generally used. These were
simply formed out of a convenient stump or
laro-e block into which a large excavation was
made by f;re and tools. Over this a " sweep "
was erected to which was attached a heavy
wooden pestle faced with a piece of iron. In
such a mill the corn was beaten to various
o-rades of fineness, the finest separated by a
sieve made of perforated buckskin, was re-
served for dodgers, while the coarsest made
the traditional dish of hominy. Jesse Page
niSTOllY 0I-- CHAWrORD COUXTY.
II.-
refined upon this construction ainl maile aiudo
lianilniill vvliicli was kept in prettj' constant
use by himself and neighbors. An ordinary
stone properly dressed was set in an excavated
stump, and another was cut in circular form
■ind titted on top of it. An iron set in the
lower stone protruded through a hole in the
center of the upper stone, which, ])rovided
with a wooden handle near its outer edge,
completed the machine. The corn placed be-
tween these stones was converted into very
fair meal with not much exertion or expend-
iture of time. Later, William Barbce con-
structed a single-geared horse-mill near the
central part of what is now Robinson town-
ship. This mill consisted of a small run of
stone with a hopper attachment run by a gear-
ing propelled by horses. The mill proper was
in a log cabin provided for the purpose.
Outside, a perpendicular shaft carried at its uj3-
per end a large wheel fifteen to twenty feet in
diameter, on the circumference of which was
provided cogs to fit in the shaft-gearing which
turned the mill. In the lower part of the up-
right shaft, arms were fitted, to which two or
four horses were attached and the vphole cov-
ered with a shed, constituted a horse-mill of
the olden time. This proved a great conve-
nience, the farmers using their own teams
and paying a good toll for the use of the ma-
chinery.
The absence of any considerable streams
in the township prevented the construction of
many of those aids to pionejr communities
thac do much to mitigate the discomforts of a
frontier experience. The horse-mill, while
not the best the country, afforded in this line,
was much better than going twenty miles for
better grinding, though at a later period,
when wheat became common, it was found
necessary to go to Ilallcnbeck's mill in York
township, or to the Shaker mill. But at
these mills the wheat was not screened nor
the fl jur bolted, and the bread made from the
proJuce of these mills would hardly satisfy
the fastidious taste of the modern house-
keeper. Barbee afterward sunk vats and did
some tanning, which was a great addition to
the advantages of this community. But all
were not dependent upon this for their supplv
of leather. Brown & Nichols made a tanner's
ooze for themselves, and tanned hides in a
trough for years. It was not until about
18-49 that the first saw-mill was erected north
of the village, by Barbee & Jolley. One of
the Barbees had a small distillery here, about
the same time, but it was in operation but a
short time when it was discontinued.
The clothing of the family depended
largely upon the handiwork and ingenuity of
the women. The flax was grown and the
sheep were sheared, but with this the work of
the men generally ceased. To transform
these materials into fabrics and thence into
clothing, called for accomplishments of no
trivial order, but the women of that day were
equal to their duties. Work and play were
intimately associated, spinning and quilting
bees lightened the labor and brought the
neighborhood together for a pleasant inter-
change of gossip and frolic in the evening.
Linsey-woolsey, a combination of linen and
wool was the general wear of the women, en-
livened by the rare luxury of a calico dress
for special occasions. The nun wore jeans,
the pants generally faced in front with buck-
skin, a style generally called "foxed," and in
which tlie women displayed no little origi-
nality in their effort to make the addition take
on an ornamental as well as useful character.
Social gatherings were marked by the play-
ing of games rather than dancing. The
latter was a favorite form of amusement, but
there was a large element of" old school Bap-
tists" among the early settleis that did not
favor this form of amusement, which led to
the employment of other forms of entertain-
ment. Whisky was less in general use here
116
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUiN'TY.
than in many frontier communities, and
drunkenness was at least no more frequent
than now, in proportion to the population.
The earliest market for the produce of,
the farmer was at Lawrenceville, the mer-
chants of which did much more business forty
years ago than now. Here the farmers drove
their hogs and cattle and hauled their corn,
which finally found a market at New Orleans.
Later the villages of Palestine and Hutson-
ville afforded a nearer market. Fruit, honey,
bees-wax, tallow, and even corn, were fre-
quently hauled to Chicago, the wagons
returning loaded with salt. Stock raising,
especially of cattle and hogs, was a promi-
nent feature of the early farm industry, and
brought to the farmer a pretty reliable
revenue. Cattle were sometimes driven to
Chicago, but the most of the stock was sold
to itinerant buyers at the farm, though at
marvelously low prices compared with those
ruling at this day. A cow and calf sold for
$5 or $(3, and a fine fat steer for $6 or $8.
John Hill, Jr., sold, on one occasion, seven
fine steers, for $50, a price which he obtained
only through the most stubborn persistence.
Garwood, an Ohio cattle dealer, offered $48
for the cattle, but as Hill was depending
upon the sale for the purchase of forty acres
of land, he insisted upon the additional $'i, as
there was no money to be got otherwise.
For two days and nights Garwood haggled
over the price, when finding Hill unyielding,
gave the price and took the stock.
Since then, how marked the change. The
generation is growing up that will scarcely
believe the unvarnished tale of pioneer ex-
perience in this land, and will only value the
advantages of the present when they accu-
rately measure the sacrifices and achieve-
ments of the past.
i
^^l^^-c^^e^
CHAPTER XI.*
ROBINSON VILLAGE— THE STAR OF EMPIRE— A NEW TOWN LAID OUT— FIRST PLAT AND
SUBSEQUE^^T ADDIi'IOXS— EARLY DEVELOPMENT— GROWTH OF BUSINESS IN-
TERESTS—THE RAILROAD IMPETUS— SCHOOLS, CHURCHES AND BE-
NEVOLENT SOCIETIES— CEMETERIES, ETC., ETC.
THE geocrraphical location of Palestine made
tlie eventual removal of the county seat
td a more central site a foregone conclusion
from the very first. But, while this fact vras
recognized by all, the influence of Palestine
interests was bent to delay the inevitable
change to the last possible moment. The
rapid development of York and Hutsonville
soon made them active rivals for the metro-
poiitan honors of the county and foolishly
jealous of the prestige of the favored tovifn.
As the settlement of the county advanced
and communities grew up in the northern and
western parts, the long, tedious journeys re-
quired to transact public business created an
Ticreasing demand that the change should be
made as early as possible. There was no
reasonable ground on which either of the
other prominent towns could hope to succeed
to official honors, but the removal, it was
thought, would seriously cripple the com-
mercial importance of their rival. This agi-
tation was not expressed in any combined
action until 1843. At this time Hebron had
become quite an important inland center, and
acting as a cats-paw for Hutsonville, the ini-
tiatory steps for the removal were started in
these villages, and the matter brought before
the people for decision. The first vote was
on the cpiestion of removal, which was de-
cided affirmatively. An election was then
called to choose the site. The act authorizing
*Ry J. H. Battle.
the removal required a donation of forty
acres which should be platted, the sale of
which should provide the means for the
erection of public buildings. Offers of the
requisite land were made on the site of the
present village, at Hebron and at a site five
miles southwest of the present village of
Robinson. In the election which followed,
beside these localities, the site on the farm of
W. S. Enamons, the geographical center of
the county, Hutsonville and Palestine re-
ceived votes, but without a sufficient pre-
ponderance to make a choice. A second
election was then called to decide between
the Robinson site and P. C. Barlow's site, in
which the former proved successful.
The site thus chosen was the judicious
selection of the whole people uninfluenced by
partisan considerations. It was situated at
the central point of the dividing line between
sections 33 and 3-i in town 7 north, range 13
west. The east " eighty " was owned by
William Willson, the southwest " forty " by
Finley Paull and Robt. C. Wilson, and the
northwest " forty " by John W. Wilson, ten
acres from the converging corners of each
section formino' the donation for the village.
The forty acres thus constituted were prairie
land partially covered with a heavy under-
growth of brush with here and there a large
tree, and skirted with considerable heavy
timber. It was an eligible site in every way,
and for the purposes of a county seat was
probably the best site in the county, though
120
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
there were but two cabins in the vicinity of
the proposed town at that time. William B.
Baker, the official surveyor, under the in-
structions of the commissioners at once set
about platting the new village, and on De-
cember 25, 1843, presented the result of his
labors for record, with the following concise
description: "The size of the lots in the town
of Robinson is sixty-five feet front, east and
west, and 130 feet long. The public square
is 260 feet north and south and 2-iO feet, east
and west. The streets each side of the
square (east and west sides) are fifty feet
broad. The main streets through the center
of the town each way, are eighty feet, and
all the rest are sixty feet, save the border
streets on the outside of the lots which are
forty feet." The lines are run by the cardinal
points of the compass, the plat fronting the
north. The streets running east and west,
lieginning at the south side are Chestnut,
Locust, Main, Walnut and Cherry; at right
angles with these, beginning on the east, are
Howard, Franklin, Court street, Marshall,
Cheapside, Jefferson and Lincoln. Court
street and Cheapside are short thoroughfares
which define the public square and connect
!Main and Locust streets. Marshall street
ends at the central entrance on the north side
of the square, its projection on the south side
lieing called Broadway. The plat was thus
divided into fourteen regular and three
irregular sized blocks aggregating 120 blocks.
Robinson, thus evoked out of the wilderness,
was simply a "fiat" town. It represented no
commercial advantages, served no speculative
purpose, and awakened no animated interest
in its success. It is believed by some that
lots were offered at public sale early in 1844,
but this is probably a mistake, or the result
was deemed unworthy of record. The prop-
erly was not the kind which would find ready
purchasers at lair figures, as few whose pro-
fession or official duties did not require their
presence would care to leave more important
business centers for any inducements this site
could offer. The earliest record of the pur-
chase of lots is dated December 3, 1844, when
Francis Waldrop bought lots No. 77 and 78,
for $45.75. The second purchase was made
by Wm. B. Baker and consisted of lots No.
101 to 108, both inclusive, lots 69, 70, 71, 73
and 80, paying S300 for them. There is no
further record until December, 1846, when
W. H. Starrett bought lot 74 for S22,50; Wal-
drop bought lot 56, for $.30, and Leonard D.
Cullom bought lots 79, 81 and 82, for $41. In
1847, in September and December, lots 22,
23 and 24 were purchased by Wra. and Thom-
as Barbee for $33; lot 98 by D. A. Bailey
for $25; lot 75 by Wm. Brown for $25; lot
54 by Mary Johns for $20; lot 99 by Anna
Longnecker for $15; lot 67 by Wm. Young
for $12.12; and lots 41 and 42 by George C.
Fitch for $30. In the following year aliout a
dozen lots were disposed of at prices ranging
from $11 to $25. Robert and Henry Weaver,
David Lillie and J. M. Grimes appearing
among the names of purchasers. These names
indicate the early accessions to the com-
munity though there were others hen; who
seem to have bought land at second-hand or
occupied a building site some time before
purchasing.
The first building erected was a small frame
structure on the site of Collin's exchange
store. This was put up by James Weaver and
was subsequently moved to the northeast cor-
ner of Marshall and Main streets, where it
served as kitchen to a large two-story log ho-
tel built on that corner. This building still
serves as a dwelling in the northwest part of
the town. The vacant frame building now
standing on the northwest corner of Locust
street and Cheapside is the second structure
erected in the village. This was built by
Francis Waldrop in the spring of 1844, and
united store and dwelling under one roof.
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
121
The kitchen part afforded quarters for one of
the earliest sessions of the Commissioners'
Court. Some time during this year Mr. Wal-
tlrop put in a small stock of goods which was
boiiirht privately at Hutsonville. A third
building was the residence of W. B. Baker.
This was a building constructed of peeled
hickory logs and situated in the grove just
southeast of the plat, where the residence of
Mr. Hill now stands. The grove substantial! v
as it now stands, was secured by purchase of
the lots above mentioned and the balance
from Wilson, the original owner of that sec-
tion. Baker soon closed up that part of the
streets that passed through his property, a
summary proceeding which has since received
the doubtful sanction of a legislative act. The
briek residence occupies the point where the
south and east border streets met. About
this time the contractor on the court house
put up a log building and moved his family
here for a temporary residence. This com-
prised the village community of Robinson in
the fall of 1845, when it received its first
professional accession in Judge Robb, who
was then practicing medicine. He built a log
building about eighteen feet square on the
site of Charles Hill's present residence, which
placed him just outside the precincts of the
rising city. It will hardly be surprising that
forty acres should prove sufficient to contain
the village, at this rate of increase for some
fifteen years. It is questionable whether the
crowded condition of things even then de-
manded an addition, but it is evidence of
growth that in 1858 Asa Ayers did plat
twelve lots between Marshall and Franklin
streets, adjoining the northern line of the
original plat. In 1865 an estimate of the
population in the village placed it at less than
four hundred, but there was evidence of slow
but steady growth, and in 18tJ7 William C.
Dickson's addition of twenty lots, and Robb's
first addition of twenty-four lots, were made.
In 1870 Robert Morrison added sixteen lots,
and four years later Watts' addition of twenty
lots was made. In 1875 a new element was
added to the situation. The agitation of the
question of railroads materialized and gave
such an impetus to the development of the
new town that property holders on the eastern
side of the village, catching the infection, vied
with each other in platting their lanils. In
this year ninety-three lots were added in
seven "additions." In the following year
seven more additions, aggregating 193 lots,
were made, and in 1877, seventy more were
added in three parcels. In 1878, two addi-
tions aggregating twenty-seven lots, were
made, and a final one, in 1881, of thirty-six
lots.
Until 18GG, the destiny of the village was
guided by the justice of the peace, the con-
stable and road supervisor. Some few at-
tempts at internal improvements had been
made but nothing approaching a systematic
effort. Early in this year a meeting of the
voters of the village was called at the court
house, at wliich it was decided by a nearly
unanimous voice to take the legal steps to in-
corporate the village under the general law.
On the 2d day of March, E. Callahan, Thos.
Barbee, Thos. Sims, D. D. Fowler and A. P.
Woodworth were elected trustees, who met
on the following day and organized by elect-
ing Thos. Barbee, president, J. C. Olwin,
clerk, Joseph Kent, constable, and Thos.
Sims, treasurer. At an adjourned* meeting
the usual list of ordinances were adopted, the
first of which defines tlie limits of the corpo-
ration as follows: " Commencing at the south-
east corner of the west half of section thirty-
four, in town 7 north, of range 12 west, and
running thence north one mile, thence west
one mile, thence south one mile, thence east
one mile to the place of beginning." The
limits thus established have proven sufficient.
without subsequent extension, to include the
1^2
HISTORY or CRAWFORD COUNTY.
growth of the village to this time. By this
orio-inal code of municipal laws, litter and ob-
structions upon the sidewalks were forbidden,
and the sale of liquor as a beverage, public
business on the Sabbath, gambling, etc., ta-
booed. The more immediate effect of the
new order of things was seen in the build-
ing of sidewalks. In 18(58 property holders
about the public square were required to lay
brick or plank walks, and in other parts of
town where there was most demand. In 1S75,
when the railroad infused new life into every
department of society, the town board rose to
the importance of the occasion and appro-
priated a thousand dollars for this purpose.
In the following year 50,000 feet of lumber
was bought and another thousand dollars ap-
propriated, and this spirit of enterprise has
been maintained until there are few villages
of the size of Robinson that are so well pro-
vided with broad, well made walks. The
streets have been under the direction of a
road master, and upon them have been ex-
pended each year the "poll-tax labor" of the
village with some tangible result. Koad
making material is scarce in thi's vicinity, and
but little more has been done than to care-
fully turnpike the streets. Some gravel has
been used on the streets about the square but
only with the effect to modify the depthless
mud that mars the streets of this village during
the spring time. Recently some effort looking
toward the lighting of the streets has been
made, though so far no definite action has
been taken.
Another subject which is the perennial
source of agitation in the villages of Illinois,
and which devolves especial responsibility
upon the authorities that be, is the regulation
of the sale of liquor. The attitude of the first
board of trustees undoubtedly expressed the
prevalent sentiment of the community in re-
stricting the sale of "ardent spirits "to simply
the demands for mechanical, medicinal or
sacramental purposes. But the minority
upon this subject, by constant pressure of
specious arguments, soon effected a change
in the public policy. In 1870 license was
granted for the sale of liquor in unlimited
quantities, the vendor, with exception of drug-
gists, to pay three hundred dollars and give
an indemnifying bond. In the following year
the whole liquor traffic was taken out of the
hands of regular dealers and the somewhat
novel plan of appointing agents to sell only
for " mechanical, medicinal and sacramental
purposes." This plan seems hardly to have
been well considered before initiated, and the
board soon found itself involved in the most
perplexing maze of evasions and technicali-
ties, and in very despair the whole scheme
was abolished in 1874, and the regular " no
license" plan again adopted. Since then the
subject has alternated from one extreme to
the other, the license fee reaching as high as
§1,200 on the statute book, but without occa-
sion of enforcing it. It stands now at eight
hundred dollars and a substantial bond to in-
sure the I'quor seller's compliance with the
terms of his contract. Even at this figure the
tr iffic is such that three saloons find induce-
ment to carry on the business here.
A late outgrowth of enterprise rather than
demand of the village, is the fire department.
In the early part of 1881, the propriety of
securing a hook and ladder apparatus was
brought up and carried forward with com-
mendable spirit to a successful issue. Rubber-
pails were added to the outfit, a company or-
ganized and a suitable building erected at a
total cost of some five hundred dollars. Early
in the follownng year a hand engine for which
the city of Vincennes had no further use was
purchased and added to the department.
There has been no occasion yet to demon-
strate the efficacy of the fiie department, nor
is its complete organization strong-ly vouched
for, but it has had a formal institution and
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
123
will doubtless develop with the occasion for
its service.
There was but little to attract business to
the ni wly laid out town of Robinson, and
Waldrop for a time monopolized the fi-ade.
In the course of a year or two, however, Ma-
ginley set up an opposition store, and Felix
Hacket opened a saloon, or grocery where
whisky was the principal stock in trade, in
a log building on the east side of the square.
Barbee and Brown were also amoncr the first
log Store merchants, doing business near the
center of the east side of the square. In
Iy53 brick business houses began to ap-
pear. In this year John Dixon, who began
trade in Robinson about 1819, put up the first
brick store building in the village on the cor-
ner of Main and Marshall streets, which is
now used by Griffith as a shoe store. In the
following year Thomas Barbee, who had " kept
hotel " on Marshall street, a block or two north
of Main, built the Robinson House, which is
now the principal hostelry of the town. In
the same fall Woodworth and Lagow began the
erection of the brick building occupying the
southeast corner of Main and Court streets,
finishing it in the following spring. These
buildings were a little later follc)wed by the
erection of the Masonic Building, and just
before the completion of the railroad, what is
known as the Southside Block was erected.
This block consists of six two-storied brick
buildings seventy feet deep and twenty in
width outside of three stairways and halls on
the second floor of four feet each. The con-
struction of this block was first conceived bj'
Judge W. C. Jones, who erected two of the
buildings, A. H. Jones the third, Jones and
Maxwell a fourth, A. O. Maxwell the fifth,
and Mrs. Callahan the sixth. The influence
of the new railroad was at its heisrht, and al-
though its old-time competitors proclaimed
Robinson "finished," A. H. Waldrop, then
owner of the Robinson House, commenced
the erection of a large two-story brick addition
in the rear of the hotel at once. In the same
season the Robinson Bank and the storehouse
of E. E. Murray & Co., both two-storj' bricks
of 20x70 feet, were erected, followed in the
succeeding season by two more buildings of
the same size, erected by J. H. Wood, which
closed up the vacant ground on the east side
of the square from the Masonic building to
the Woodworth buildings. The same season
John Hill & Son erected a two-story building
on the corner east of the square, extending
from Douglas to Jefferson street. In the
meantime, beside these structures for business
purposes, several fine and substantial resi-
dences were erected at a cost of from six to ten
thousand dollars. In 1878 the block of brick
buildings north of the square was erected,
and in the following year .T. U. Grace erected
an addition on the west side of the Robinson
House, 18 by 110 feet, the lower story for a
place of business and the upper to furnish
additional rooms for the hotel.
About the same time with Dixon, the
Lagows started a branch of their Palestine
store in Robinson, which in 1853 was con-
ducted by the firm of Woodworth and Lagow.
Barbee and Jolly began business here about
1855, but continued for only a year or two
when they closed up with an assignment,
their liabilities being principally to eastern
merchants and reaching a very considerable
amount. On the death of Dixon about 1855,
the Preston Brothers, a heavy business firm of
Hutsonville with stores in a half dozen places
in Clark and Crawford Counties and else-
where, established a branch house in Robin-
son, occupying the Dixon building. This
firm with that of Woodworth and Lagow were
the largest business houses here at that time
and until the coming of the railroad attracted
a large and peculiar trade. There was but
little money in the country until 18GI or 3
and business was conducted almost entirely
1-24
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
without it. Goods were sold on a year's cred-
it and in the fall the merchants bought all
the grain, hogs or cattle for sale. Each firm
had warehouses and packing houses on the
Wabash, beside a farm fitted for the purpose
of feeding stock. In the spring, grain, pork
and cattle were shipped by the river to New
Orleans. Considerable quantities of grain
were taken in and stored ■ at Robinson until
the hard road of the winter afforded an op-
portunity of hauling it to the river. One of
these firms made a practice of buying horses
in the fall, securing the most of them on
accounts due them for goods. These were
assorted, the inferior stock traded off, and the
better ones got in good condition and sent
down the river in the spring to market. Thus
to insure success in business here, the mer-
chant found it necessary to combine the qual-
ities of a good stock speculator as well as
those of a storekeeper, a failure in either
branch proving disastrous to the business.
The operations of these business houses took
a remarkable range, the Preston Brothers
maintaining one partner whose whole time
and attention was occupied with these out-
side affairs.
The coming of railroad facilities wrought a
speedy revolution in business circles. The
abundance of currency set afloat by the Gov-
ernment during the war had nearly done away
with the prevailing system of barter and thus
curtailed the profits with the extent of the
operations of the old time trade. The old
firms gradually passed away with the old cus-
toms, giving place to others of a younger
generation. But there has been no perma-
nent contraction of business on account of this
change. The large operations of the few have
been divided among the number who have
succeeded and the business of the village has
larg'^y expanded. The coming of the Paris
and Danville road, gave Robinson a decided
advantage over its competitors for the trade
of the county, but the subsequent construc-
tion of the "narrow gauge railroad," rather
restored the equilibrium, and the "county
seat," while still far in the lead, finds the com-
petition in the grain trade, at least, one of
considerable imnortance.
A number of mills — saw, grist and planing
mills — constitute most of the manufacturing
industries of the town. The large brick
figuring mill was built by Brown, Sims &
Waldrop, and is now used by John Newton
and Dyer's estate. The Junction mills,
owned by Collins & Kirk, was built by Will-
iam C. Shafer. The saw-mill near the Junc-
tion mills was built by Brigham and Wilson,
and is' now owned by Reinoehl & Co. Near
it is the Robinson machine shop and foundry,
put up about a year ago, by Ogden & Martin.
It is not running at present. The planing
mill of Wiseman & Brubaker is located near
the Wabash depot. It was originally built
by Wesley Fields. A planing mill stands
near the narrow guage depot, owned by Otey
& Sons. School furniture is manufactured at
this mill. A few other manufacturing enter-
prises are in contemplation, but have not yet
resulted in anything definite.
The educational facilities of Robinson are
confined to the public schools. The early
history of education in the village is not dis-
similar to that of other early settlements.
The first school is supposed to have been
taught in a log building about 1848, by Wm.
Grimes. The court house was used several
years for school purposes. The town has
now a very good, comfortable school- house —
a two-story frame building, but not adequate
to accommodate the growing wants of the
"young ideas," and a large building must
soon take the place of the one now in use.
The regular attendance of the Robinson
public school is over three hundred pupils.
Prof. S. G. Murray, an excellent teacher, is
principal; D. G. Murray, teacher of grammar
UISTOllY OF CKAWFORD COUNTY.
125
di'partine:it; other teachers, W. G. llale,
Miss Mary Firman and Mrs. Fh)ra B. Lane.
Tue Methodist Episcopal Church organi-
zation is the oldest church in Robinson, and
dates back into the " forties." Of its earliest
history we obtained no reliable data, and can
give but a brief sketch of it. The elegant
and tasteful brick church edifice was built in
1866, at a cost of more than S5,000. The
membership is large and flourishing, and is
under the pastorate of Rev. Mr. Massey. A
good Sunday school, of which John Maxwell
is superintendent, is maintained during the
entire year.
The Presbyterian Church, the sketch of
which is taken from the Argus, was organized
originally, October 38, 1848, with sixteen
members, chiefly from the Palestine church.
Under this organization it hal a brief exist-
ence, and the members dissolved and re-
turned to the old church. On the 8th of
November, 1872, Rev. Thomas Spencer and
Elder Finley Paull renewed the organization
as the "First Presbyterian Church of Robin-
son." The first elders were Wra. C. "Wilson,
John H. Wilkin and Rufus R. Lull; the first
minister, Rev. Aaron Thompson. He was
succeeded by Rev. Thomas Spencer and he
by Rev. John E. Carson, all of whom have
been stated supply. No church building has
been erected by the society, but they used the
Methodist church. They own a parsonage
which cost $1,000, but are at present without
a pastor.
The Christian Church was organized in
Robinson in the spring of 1876, and among
the original members were N. S. Brown and
wife, M. C. Shepherd, Mrs. Mary Callahan,
Hickman Henderson, and Jas. M. Gardner
and wife. The organization of the church
resulted from a meeting of several days' du-
ration held in the court house by Elder A. D.
Daily, of Terre Haute. Some fifteen or
twenty additions were made to the member-
ship during the meeting. Elder Daily visited
the church once a mojith for a year or more.
The next minister was Elder I. G. Tomlinson,
of Indianapolis, who preached here once a
month. The church was built about a year
after the society was organized, N. S. Brown,
ilrs. Callahan, H. Henderson and M. C. Shep-
herd being the principal movers toward the
building of it. It Wiis completed and dedi-
cated in the summer of 1883 by Prof. R. T.
Brown, of Indianapolis. There are at present
about one hundred members, and they are
without a pastor. A Sunday school is main-
tained.
Robinson Mission Catholic Church was es-
tablished in 1882 by Father Kuhlmann, of
Marshall, with a strength of about fifteen
families. The church building was erected
the same year, at a cost of $700, and was
dedicated by Rev. Father Kuhlmann, who
has been the only rector, administering to the
congregation once a month.
The secret and benevolent institutions of
Robinson come in regular conrse next to the
Christian churches. They do as mush good
in their way as the churches themselves. And
the best men in the country do not deem it
beneath their dignity to lend their assistance
and countenance to these institutions. The
Masonic fraternity has been represented here
by a lodge and a chapter.
Robinson Lodge, No. 250, A., F. & A. M.,
was organized in 1856, and the charter signed
by J. H. Hibbard, grand master, and H. G.
Reynolds, grand secretary-. The charter
members were John T. Cox, Daniel Perrine,
Joseph H. Huls, Irvine Heustis, J. M. Alexan-
der, J. C. Ruddell, John D.Smith and Charles
Meilley. John T. Cox was the first master;
Daniel Perrine, senior warden; J. H. Huls,
junior warden; D. M. Mail, treasurer, and
Irvine Heustis, seeretar}-. The present of-
ficers are: T. S. Price, master; H. B. Lutes
senior warden; W. P. Stiles, junior warden;
126
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
J. C. Evans, treasurer, and M. C. Mills, sec'y.
Robinson R. A. Chapter No. 149 was or-
ganized December 1, 1871, and among its
charter members were J. M. Jarrett, John
Newton, A. J. Haskett, 0. M. Patton, Wm.
C. Wilson, Wm. Dyer, Geo. W. Harper,
Wm. C. Jones, E. Callahan, S. MidkiflF, S.
Taylor, J. L. Cox, I. D. Mail, W. F. Fleck, J.
O. Steel, etc. The first officers were J. M.
Jarrett, H. P.; John Newton, K.; A. J. Has-
kett, S.; C. M. Patton, C. of H.; Wm. C. Wil-
son, P. J.; Wm. Dyer, R. A. C; Wm. C.
Jones, S. Midkifif and W. H. Fleck, G. M. of
v.; Samson Taylor, treasurer; E. Callahan,
Fecretary, and G. W. Harper, tiler. To the
shams of the fraternity be it said, they have
let the chapter die out, and the charter has
been surrendered to the grand chapter.
Crawford Lodge, No. 124, I. O. O. F., was
instituted in 1855, with thai following charter
members: Wm. C. "^Vilson, Wm. Barbee,
A. W. Gordon, S. H. Decius and James S.
Barbee. The first officers were W. C. Wil-
son, N. G.; Wm. Barbee, V. G., and James
S. Barbee, secretary. It died out, but was
resuscitated again in a few years. The pres-
ent officers are T. S. Price, N. G.; A. B. Hous-
ton, V. G.; George Kessler, treasurer, and
G. W. Henderson, secretary.
Robinson Lodge, No. 1744, Knights of
Honor, was organized in August, 1880, and
among its charter members are Peter Walk-
er, C. H. Grube, J. P. Murphy, M. C. Mills,
T. S. Price, A. H. Waldrop, J. C. Olwin, A.
B. Houston, Zalmon Ruddell, I. L. Fire-
baugh, Geo. N. Parker and others. The
present officers are George W. Harper, P.
D.; W. N. Willis, D.; P. Walker, reporter;
Sol Moers, financial reporter, and J. C. Ol-
win, treasurer.
CHAPTEE XII.*
LAMOTTE TOWNSHIP— GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND TOPOaRAPHY— EARLY SETTLEMENT
—JOSEPH LAMOTTE— THE EATONS— OTHER PIONEERS— THE SEVEN JESSES— EX-
TRACT FROM FICKLIN'S ADDRESS— SCHOOLS AND CHURCHES— PAL-
ESTINE—ITS GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND INCORPORA-
TION—THE LAND OFFICE— REGISTERS AND RE-
CEIVERS—EDUCATIONAL, RELIG-
IOUS, ETC., ETC.
"When in the chi-onicles of wasted time
I read descriptions, etc."
— Shakespeare.
n^^IIE marvelous development of our coun-
-L try is without parallel in history. Look
back a generation or two and behold tliese
smiling- fields a primeval forest or wild prai-
rie. There are scores of people still living
who recollect when hazel brush grew upon
the site of the county's capital, and when the
roads were little else than blind trails, and
unbridged streams were swum or waded;
when, instead of the locomotive's whistle,
was heard the dismal howling of the wolf or the
far-off screech of the hungry panther. Rapid
as have been the changes and great the im-
provements in this section, Crawford is only
well upon her course; the energies which
have brought her to her present state will not
falter.
"Lo! our land is like an eagle whose young gaze
Feeds on the noontide beams, whose golden
plumes
Float moveless on the storm, and, in the blaze
Of sunrise, gleams when earth is wrapped in
gloom."
This civil division of Crawford County forms
no inconsiderable part of the history of the
great commonwealth of Illinois. No portion
* By W. H. Perrin.
of the county, nor indee 1 of the State, is richer
in historical interest. It contained the first
seat of justice of the county; the first land
office established in the State was located
within its limits, and the first settlement
made in the county was in what is now La-
motte Township. Here were erected forts
and block-houses, when Indians were far
more plentiful on this side of the Wabash
than pale-faces, and here transpired some of
the stirring events that have embellished
with interest the history of the State.
Lamotte Township lies on the eastern bor-
der of the county and contains much fine
productive land. Its surface beyond the
river bottoms, which are low and subject to
overflow, is generally level or undulaling, re-
quiring little artificial drainage. With the
exception of the bottoms above alluded to,
our idea of its topography does not fully co-
incide with the poet-laureate of Palestine
when he penned the following lines:
" Half a century ago I lived in Egypt's famed land,
Where the soil was composed of dark loam and sand;
There were swamps on this hand and swamps on that,
And the remainder of the land was level and flat."
The township lies south of Hutsonville
township, west of the Wabash River, north
of Montgomery and east of Robinson town-
ship. It is drained principally by Lamotte
Creek, which flows in a southeasterly course
128
HISTOKY OF CRAWFOIID COUXTY.
and empties into the Wabash near Palestine
landing. The original timber growth was
oak, iiickory, walnut, hackberry, buckeye,
sycamcre, pecan, cottoiiwood, etc., etc. Upon
the whole, the township is a fine agricultural
region, and in 1880 had a popuhition of 2,160
souls — and as many bodies. The S. E. and
S. E. narrow gauge railroad traverses it from
east to west, thus affording the people railroad
communication and benefiting the township
to a considerable extent.
Early Settlement. — The first occupation
by white people, of what is now Lamotte
Township, is veiled somewhat in obscurity.
Prior to the war of 1813 a number of families
were living in this region, and when the war
broke out, they congregated where Palestine
now stands, and built a fort or block-house.
But how long before, white people lived
here, there is no one now to tell, for they are
o-athered to the r fathers. It is believed that
as far back as 1808 or 1809, there were peo-
ple of our own kind in this immediate neigh-
borhood, to say nothing of the French, who,
as they were numerous about Vincennes,
mav have been much earlier, and very
probably were. Many believed that Joseph
Lamotte once lived in this portion of the
county, though there is little but tradition,
concerning his occupation of the country. The
following is related by Mr. Martin Fuller, of
Monto-omery Township, who married Rosana
Twomley. She was a daughter of Isaac
Twomley, who kept a ferry at Vincennes at a
very early day. Twomley married the widow
of Joseph Lamotte, and of this marriage was
born Rosana, the wife of Martin Fuller. Mr.
Twomley used to say that Lamotte was an
Indian interpreter, and spoke seven dialects
of the Indian language, beside English and
French, and that the Indians, for his services
as interpreter in some of their grand pow-
wows with the pale-faces, had given him all
that tract of country, now known as Lamotte
Prairie. But when they saw a chance of sell-
ing it to the United States Government, had
watched for an opportunity, and had slain
Lamotte. They threw his body into a deep
hole of water in the creek just west of Pales-
tine cemet'ry. After the death of Lamotte,
Twomley was made Indian interpreter. He
spoke five Indian dialects as well as English
and French, and his daughter, Mrs. Fuller,
also speaks French fluently.
This story of Lamotte, of course, is tra-
ditional, as there are none now living who
seem to know anything very definite con-
cerning him, beyond the fact that there was
once such a man. This, as stated in a pre-
ceding chapter, we learn from the old court
records, from conveyances of land made by
Lamotte. It is probably doubtful, however,
if Lamotte ever lived here, notwithstanding
the fine prairie north of Palestine still bears
his name, also Lamotte creek, and this town-
ship, together with the old and original fort
which stood on the present site of Palestine.
It is a generally accepted tradition, and it
is fast becoming a tradition only, that the
Eatons were the first of our own kind to
occupy this portion of the county, and they
are believed to have been here as early as
1808-9. They were a large family of large
people, and possessed most extraordinarily
lar^e feet. The latter was a distinguishing
feature, and when a little unpleasantness oc-
curred in Fort Lamotte, and the Eatons with-
drew and built another fort, it was unani-
mouslv dubbed Fort Foot, in derision of the
Eatons' feet.
Mr. D. W. Stark, an old and well-known citi-
zen of Palestine for many years, furnishes us,
throuo-h Mr. Finley Paull, the following re-
garding the early settlement: "There must
have been a settlement there and in the
vicinity, reaching back toward the beginning
of the century, for at the breaking out of the
war of 1812 a considerable body of settlers
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
129
assembled at Palestine, where thev built
two forts in which they I'orteJ during the war.
One of the forts, I think, stood somewhere in
the southeast of the present town, for in the
fall of 18",'0 I well recollect seeing some of the
ruins and stoekade still standing. This fort
was called Fort Lamotte, after the name of
the prairie, and it was named after an old
Frenchman. Where the other fort stood, if I
ever knew, I have forgotten. It was named
Fort Foot, as I understood, from the fact of
two or three families of Batons forting in it,
who were all noted as having very large feet."
The Batons were pioneers in the true sense
of the word, and had gone west — had aban-
doned home and the signs of civilization, and
plunged into the vast solitudes, in order to
better their condition, and finally secure
homes for themselves and children. These
sturdy, lone mariners of the desert were
men of action. Not very social in their
nature, moody and almost void of the imagi-
native faculty, they simply whetted their in-
stincts in the struggle for existence atyainst
the wild game, the ferocious beasts and the
murderous savage. They, and such as thev,
laid the foundations on which rests the civili-
zation of the great west. They took their
lives in their own hands, as it were, pene-
trated the desert wilderness, and with a pa-
tient energy, resolution and self-sacrifice that
stands alone and unparalleled, worked out their
allotted tasks, and to-day, we, their descend-
ants, are enjoying the fruitage of their la-
bors.
As we have before stated, the Batons were
a large family, and consisted of the patriarch,
who is believed to have been named Will-
iam, and several sons, among whom were
John, Job, Benjamin, Joseph, William and
several others. It is not known of a certainty
where they came from, but it is believed
they were either from Kentucky or North
Carolina. They wore in the fort at Palestine
during the stormy period of our last war with
England, and when the war clouds passed
over and the olive branch was waved
throughout the country, wooing the red man
to peaceful sports, as well as the belliger-
ent nations who had lately measured their
strength with each other, and the people
could branch out from the forts, with none
to " molest or make them afraid," then the
Batons moved out and scattered in different
directions, some of them settling in Hutson-
ville township, where they receive furthe)
mention. One or two of the Batons weni
killed by the Indians during the time tho
people were " forted " at Palestine, which is
spoken of elsewhere in this volume.
Other pioneers, many of whom lived for
awhile in the fort, were Thomas Kennedy,
David McGahey, the McCalls, the Brim-
berrys, James and Smith Shaw, J. Veach, the
Millses, George Bathe, J. Purcell, Jesse Hig-
gins, Mrs. Gaddis, John Garrard, the Woods,
David Reavill and others. Thomas Kennedy
was a Baptist preacher, and had squatted on
a place, the improvement of which he after-
ward sold to John S. Woodwortli. Kennedy
then settled in the present township of Mont-
gomery. McGahey was a prominent man,
and opened a farm south of Palestine, on
which Wyatt Mills now lives — himself of the
original pioneer Mills family. McGahey
served in the Legislature, was connected with
the land office, and held other responsible
positions. George Bathe entered land with
McGahey. He has a son, George Bathe, Jr.,
now 77 years old, living in Palestine. Smith
Shaw, after times became quiet, settled in the
present County of Bdgar, where he made his
mark, and where he was still livino- a few
years ago, when we wrote the history of that
County. John Garrard came from South
Carolina, and was here as early as 1811. He
has descendants still living in Palestine, one of
■whom is proprietor of the Garrard House.
130
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
/
John, Joseph and Welton Wood lived a few
miles from Palestine. Welton still lives in
the west part of the county. David Reavill
was born in Delaware, and came to Illinois in
1810, stoppino- at Kaskaskia, then the State
capital. When the war broke out with Eng-
land, he went to Vincennes and joined the
Rangers, serving with them until peace was
made, when he came to Palestine. He was
killed by lightning, a circumstance known to
many of the old citizens. The McCalls (two
brothers) were surveyors, and the first in the
county. In the southeast corner of Lamotte
Township stands one of their old "witness
trees," on " Unce Jimmy " Westner's place?
and is the only one in the county known to be
yet standing. Witness trees were marked by
taking off the bark and scratching with an
iron instrument called "three fingers," form-
ing a cross. It was a mark known to all
government surveyors, and when made upon
a tree, though the bark would grow over it,
the mark could be deciphered a hundred
years after it was made. Hence, the name of
witness tree.
Thomas Gill and family, and John S. Wood-
worth, came in the fall of 1814, and were
from Mt. Sterling, Ky. Mr. Gill settled on a
farm some four miles northwest of Palestine,
where he lived, and where he died about 1840.
He had a numerous family, but none of them
are now in the township; James, the only one
left, lives in Cumberland County. Mr. Gill
had served in the Revolutionary War, and
was a highly respected citizen of the county.
John S. Woodworth married a daugiiter of
Gill's, and raised a large family of children.
But three of them are living, viz.: Martin and
Leander of Palestine, and A. P. Woodworth,
cashier of the Robinson bank. The first pur-
chase of land made by Mr. Woodworth, was
the squatter's claim of Thos. Kennedy to IGO
acres. When it came in market he purchased
it, and had to pay $6.10 per acre for it, a
heavy price for the time. Mr. Woodworth
was the second sheriff of Crawford County.
He was not an office-seeker, but devoted
his time and attention chiefly to agriculture.
He accumulated a large estate in landed
property.
Edward N. Cullom came in the spring of
1814, and at a time when the forts were still
occupied by the whites. He also was from
Kentucky, and had a large family. Two of
his sons are still living — Leonard, who lives
in Lawrenceville, and George, living in Fay-
ette County. Cullom was a very prominent
man, and he and Judge Joseph Kitchell were
the original proprietors of the town of Pales-
tine. He acquired considerable property and
purchased large tracts of land, but eventually
lost a good deal of it through betrayed
trusts. Much is said of the Culloms in a pre-
ceding chapter.
The Kitchells and the Wilsons were among
the prominent families of the county. Will-
iam Wilson, the father of W. C. Wilson of
Robinson, came here in 1816, and was from
Virginia. He settled at Palestine and died
in 1850. James H. Wilson, his father, came
the next year, 1817, and was the first probate
jud;j;e of the county. His sons were James
H., Vastine J., Presley O. and Isaac N., Gen.
Guy W. Smith married a daughter of Mr.
Wilson. They are all dead, except Isaac N.,
who lives in Kansas. William Wilson's
children are all dead, except Robert C, Carl,
Eliza M. Patton, and Jane, the latter unmar-
ried. Guy S. Wilson of Palestine, is a son of
James H. Wilson Jr. Benjamin Wilson's
children are all dead, except one living in
California. Presley O. Wilson was quite
prominent; was county judge and sheriff one
or two terms. His widow, " Aunt Maria," as
everybody called her, is living in Palestine.
The Kitchells were natives of New Jersey.
Judge Joseph Kitchell emigrated westward
and stopped for awhile in Hamilton County
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUXTY.
131
Oliio; from i hence he moved to Indiana, and
in 1817, came to Crawford County, locating
in P.ilestine. He lived and died upon the
place where he first settled. His old house is
still standing in the west part of town, on the
road leading out to Robinson. He was the
first register of the land office when it was
established, and was connected with it for
more than twenty years. He afterward
served in the State Legislature and held other
positions of honor and trust. He had the first
mill, probably, in the county — a horse mill,
but an important institution in its day; really
more important than the land office itself.
Wickhfl'e Kitchell came to the county the
next year, 1818, and was a brother to Joseph.
About 1838, he removed to Hillsboro, 111.,
with his whole fainil}', except one daughter,
the wife of Mr. D. W. Stark. He was the
first lawyer in Crawford County, and was at
one time attorney-general of the State. His
wife died at Hilisboro, and he died at Pana,
111., at the age of 82 years. One of his sons,
Alfred, was circuit judge of this judicial dis-
trict at one time, and afterward m ived to
Galesburg, 111., where he died. Another son,
Edward, entered the army at the beginning
of the late war, and rose to the rank of brevet
brigadier-geni^ral. After the war he returned
to Olney, his former home, and died there a
few years later.
Col. John Houston, whom the citizens of
Palestine well remember, and himself a cit-
izen of the place for n<.-arly sixty years, be-
longed to the Rangers that operated in this
section during the war of 1812. He located
here permanently about 1818, and engaged
in the mercantile business. He came here
just when he was most needed, and his finger-
marks may yet be seen, tolling the story of
his handiwork, and writing his epitaph in the
hearts of many who are now reaping, and who
will in the future enjoy the fruits of his labor
and foresight. He served the county in many
responsible positions; was sheriff, county
treasurer, served in the State Senate, etc.,
but it was as a msrchant and businessman he
was best known. We shall speak further of
him under the business of Palestine. Alex-
ander M. Houston was his brother, and for
years his partner in business, a soldier in the
Black Hawk War, and a prominent citizen of
the count}'. Mr. D. W. Stark was also a
partner of Col. Houston's, and is now living
in Indiana. To him we are indebted for
many facts pertaining to the Houstons, and
other early settlers. We, however, knew
Col. John Houston personally, some years
ago, and can say much to his honor and credit
from our own knowledge.
The Alexanders were another of the promi-
nent families of this section, and must have
come here as early as 1825, as we find John
C. Alexander the representative of Crawford
Countv, in the Legislature, at the session of
1826-1828. Harmon Alexander also repre-
sented the county in the Legislature some
years later. They were from Kentucky, and
have descendants still in the county. There
are many more pioneer families entitled to
mention in this chapter, but we have been
unable to learn their names, or anything defi-
nite concerning them. This section was the
first settled of any portion of the county.
For years, the settlement was scattered
around Fort Lamotte, and not until after all
danger was over, consequent upon the war of
1812, did the settlers begin to extend their
skirmish line from the base of operations —
old Fort Lamotte. As new-comers made
their appearance, they stopped awhile in the
vicinity, until homes and places of settle-
ment were selected. Thus it was that nearly
all the early settlers of the county were once
settlers of this town and township, and hence
many of them are mentioned in other chap-
ters of this work. Along from 1825 to 1835,
a number of families came, who have been
1"2
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
identified prominently with the town and
county. Of these we may mention the La-
g-ows, Juda:e Harper, Finley Paull and others,
wlio for tifty years or more were, and are
still, a part of the country. The I^agows for
years were among the most prominent citi-
zens and business men of Palestine. Wilson
Lao-ow was one of the very first merchants
in the county. Judge Harper and Finley
Paull are among the oldest citizens of the
town living. They came here young men —
they are old now, and far down the shady
side of life, with the evening twilight gather-
ing around them, and life's last embers burn-
ing low. For more than half a century
Judge Harper has lived here, and has held
prominent positions in the county. Mr.
Paull was long a merchant, bought goods in
Cincinnati and Louisville, and hauled them
here in wagons. In closing up his business,
he would accept in payment of accounts any-
thing he could turn into money, live stock in-
cluded. Thus, he became possesse 1, like
Jacob of old, of many cattle. These he used
to herd on the prairie where Robinson now
stands.
The Seven Jesses were as noted a family
in Crawford County, as the family of Seven
Oaks in England, but in character, they
were the very antipodes of the latter. There
were seven brothers of them, and they lived
two miles south of Palestine. Their name
was Myers, and the Christian name of the
eldest was Jesse. A very strong family re-
semblance existed between them, and hence
they finally all received the nick-name of
Jesse. Gen. Guy Smith, who had a keen
sense of the ludicrous,, was the first to give
tliem the unanimous name of Jesse, on ac-
count of their strong resemblance. They
had many peculiar and eccentric traits, one
of which was, theyalways went in single file,
and it was no uncommon thing to see the
seven leave home together, riding invariably
one right behind another, with all the pre-
cision and regularity of a band of Indians.
They were coarse, rude, ungainly and wild
as the game they hunted. They were illit-
erate, not ignorant; but shrewd, active,
alert, and possessed strong, praetical, com-
mon sense. Jess went to Terre Haute just
after the first railroad was completed into
that town. When he returned home he was
asked by some of his neighbors if he saw the
railroad, and he replied: " Yas, by hokey,
and it beats anything I ever seed. A lot of
keridges come along faster'n a boss could
gallop, and run right inter a house, and I
thought they would knock hell out of it,
but two men run out and turned a little iron
wheel round this way (imitating a brakoman)
and the demed thing stopped stock still.
They did by . I'm goin' to take mam
anfl livd to see 'em shore." The latter were
his mother and sister. At another time Jess
went to Vincennes, and stopped at Clark's
hotel. Next morning when he came down
stairs, Mr. Clark said: "Good morning, sir."
Jesse replied, " what the h — 1 do you say good
morning for, when I have b(,en here all
night?" Clark then asked him if he would
have some water to wash, and received in
response, " No, by ! we Myerses never
washes." Clark saw he had a character, and
drew him out in conversation, enjoying his
eccentricities in the highest degree.
A book as full of humor as Mark Twain's
"Innocents Abroad," could be written of the
sayings and doings of the Seven Jesses, with-
out exao-o-eratins anv of their characteristics.
Thevall lived to be old bachelors before they
tried the slippery and uncertain paths of mat-
rimony;'Jess was the first to make a break,
as the bell-wether always leads the flock,
and he was over thirty when he married.
How well he liked the venture is indicated iiy
the fact that the others went and did like-
wise.
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
133
Laniotte Township contains some pre-his-
toric relics. In the soutlieast portion of the
town of Palestine there was a mound, now
nearly obliterated, but when the town was
laid out, was in a fine state of preservation.
Judge Harper informs us it was some sixty
feet in diameter at the base and at least
twelve foet high, and cone-shaped. Upon its
summit stood an oak tree about three feet
through at the stump, which was cut down
by Judge Kitchell, who owned the land, and
made it into rails. When Levi Harper built
his blacksmith shop, which stood on rather
low ground, he hauled forty odd wagon loads
of dirt from this mound to fill up and level
the ground around his shop. In so doing
many human bones were exhumed, but so
long had they been under ground, that as
soon as they were exposed to the atmosphere,
they crumbled into dust. A number of other
mounds south and west of the town are still
to be seen. There is one near where Judge
Harper now lives, which has been nearly lev-
eled with the surface, but no bones have been
discovered. Flint arrow heads, however,
• have been found in quantities in the imme-
diate vicinity. These evidences are conclu-
sive that the lost race once inhabited this
region, ages before it was occupied by the
Anglo-Saxons. But they have faded away
from the face of the earth, and have left no
traces behind of their existence save the
mounds and earthworks found in many parts
of the country.
Milk-sick. — That scourge of the western
frontier, "milk-sick," was common in this
portion of the county, and the early settlers
suffered severely from its effects. Many people
died of thi? worse than plague. A case is
related of Thos. Gill's butchering a beef, and
after the meat was dressed, he sent a quarter
of it to his son-in-law, John AVoodworth. But
as soon as he looked at it he discovered evi-
dences of its being "milk-sick" beef, and
would not take it. A neighbor who happened
to be present, said if he would let him have it
he would risk it being milk-sick beef. He took
it, and every one of his family who ate of it
came near dying. Thus milk-sick lay in
wait for man and beast along nearly all the
streams throughout the county, and often
proved as fatal as the horrible malaria which
freighted the air, floating out from its
noisome lurking places, spreading far and
wide its deadly poison. Milk-sick is a dis-
ease that has puzzled the wisest medical men
for years, and is still an unsolved question.
The early life of the people of Lamotte
Township, and indeed, of Crawford County,
for the time was when what is now Lamotte
Township comprised the settled portion of
the county, maybe learned by a brief extract
from an address delivered by Hon. O. B.
Ficklin, before the old settlers of Crawford
County, October 6, 1880. Upon that occa-
sion, Mr. Ficklin said: "This country was
taken fiom the English by Gen. George
Rogers Clark in 1778, and the people heard
of it in the older settled States, though there
were no telegraph lines then — but the peo-
ple heard of it all the same. The Revolu-
tionary soldiers heard of this Northwestern
country, and the news was transmitted to
Virginia, to the Carolinas — all over the
country, everywhere. To be sure it was not
done then as it is now, but our people had
sufficient word of it. They knew enough
about it. They had heard enough about it
to want to emigrate to the new country, and
we are a wonderful people to emigrate; v?e
go everywhere; we penetrate every new
country, and the pioneers started from Vir-
ginia, they started from Pennsylvania, and
from the Carolinas, and from Georgia, and all
that Atlantic belt of country, and came out
as pioneers to this newly acquired region.
They stopped in Ohio, they stopped in Indi-
ana, they stopped in Illinois — stopped in each
134
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUXTY.
successive State they came to. A few peo-
ple— pioneers, men and women of nerve, of
pluck, of energy and industry have come
here and settled in this country, dotted around,
some on the Ohio, some on the Wabash and
some on llie Mississippi River, and from this
handful, Illinois has grown into a great
State."
What was it stopped the stream of emi-
gration in this particular spot? What was
there here to tempt emigrants to brave all
danger, and cause tiiem to pause, and fix here
the nucleus around which all this present peo-
ple and their wealth has gathered? They
could not see the toil and danger that lurked
upon every hand, yet they could see enough,
one would think, to appal the stoutest heart.
The wily and treacherous savage was here, the
horrible malaria was in the air they breathed,
the howling, and always hungry wolf and
the soft-footed panther crouched in every
thicket, and scores of other impediments were
encountered at every step. Then what was
the attraction ? Doubtless, it was the broad
expense of rolling prairie, the primeval forests
that towered along the Wabasli and its trib-
utaries, combining a vision of loveliness con-
vincing to the pioneer fathers, that if the
Garden of Eden was not here, then there was
a mistake as to its place of location. Imbued
witii this idea, when a town was laid out, they
caled it Palestine, after the capital city of the
Holy Land. Considering all the difficulties
under which these "strangers in a strange
land " labored, it is a wonder indeed that they
ever came to this earthly paradise, or re-
mained after they came. But the pioneers,
with something of that spirit with which the
poet invests Rhoderick Dhu
" If a path be dangerous known,
The danger's self is lure aione,"
faced the perils of "flood and field," whollv
indifferent to, if not actually courting the
danger that met them on every side. Such
as they were they had to be, in order that
they tiiiglit blaze the way into the heart of
the wilderness for the coming hosts of civili-
zation.
Cotton was extensively grown here in early
times, not so much as an article of commerce
as to satisfy the necessities of the times. It
was the custom then for each family to manu-
facture their own clothing, and to this end
cotton was cultivated to a greater or less
extent by every settler who made any pre-
tensions to farming, while some planted large
crops of this, now great staple. Mr. Wiley
Emmons informed us that he has seen as
much as seventy acres of cotton in one field.
Sand prairie produced it well, yielding as
much as 200 pounds per acre. Half that
amount was the usual crop on ordinary land.
William Norris put up the first cotton giti in
that portion of the county now embraced in
Lawrence County. But experience devel-
oped the fact that the county, upon the whole,
was not adapted to cotton growing, and as a
crop it was eventually abandoned.
The fii St school in Lamotte township was
tau.tjht in Palestine, as the early settlement
encircled that place. The township now h.is
a comfortable school building in each neigh-
borhood, and is provided with excellent
schools. The early schools will be more par-
ticularly mentioned in connection with the
history of the town.
A village called " Bolivar," was staked off
in an early day on Lamotte Prairie, on the
high ground near the north end of the Monre
pond. But it was never regularly laid out,
nor otherwise improved.
Churches. — The early preacher, as "one
crying in the wilderness," came with the tide
of immigration, and the pioneers received
ghirlly his spiritual counsels. Mr. Samuel
Park, at an old settler's meeting, gives a true
picture of the frontier preacher in the follow-
a f^ Td^'^^-V^Cc^C^TPlyi^
HISTORY OF CKAWFOUD COUNTY.
137
ing: "But see yomlcr in tlie distance, winJ-
ing along the path that leads to the cabin, is
a stranger on horseback. He is clad in liotne-
spun, has on a plain, straight- breasted coat and
a broad brimmed hat, and is seated on a large
and well-filled pair of saddle-bags. Ah! that
is the pioneer preacher, hunting up the lost
sheep in the wilderness. He brings glad tid-
ings from friends far away, back in the old
home of civilization. Not only so, but he
brings a message from the celestial regions,
assuring the brave pioneer of God's watchful
care of him and his household, telling him of
God's promise of deliverance and salvation
from all sin to all who faithfully combat and
overcome the evils with which they are sur-
rounded. Most of those brave spirits have
alreadj' realized the truths of the message
they bore by entering upon their reward.
Others are still westward bound over the un-
explored plains of time toward the setting
sun. Soon, very soon, they will reach that
point where the sun will set to those old pio-
neers to rise no more. Already their tot-
tering limbs show weariness from many hard-
fought battles, and their eyes have become
dim to the beauties of this world." Such was
the pioneer preacher, and in his humble way,
he did more to advance civilization than any
other class that penetrated the wilderness of
the west. He may have been very ignorant,
but he was wholly honest and sincerely hum-
ble. Generally illiberal and full of severity,
and warped and deformed with prejudices,
he took up the cross of his Master, seized the
sword of Gideon and smote His Satanic Maj-
esty wherever he could find him. But he
was a God-fearing good man, and but few, if
any ministerial scandals were known.
The Methodists and the Hardshell Baptists
were cotemporaneons in their coming, and, as
one informed us, " the Methodists shouting,
and the Hardshells singing their sermons
through their nose, but in their different fields
of usefulness, they dwelt together in true
Christian love and friendship." Thomas
Kennedy, who was among the very early set-
tlers of this section, was a Hardshell preacher,
and "old Father" McCord, John Fox and
John Stewart were early Methodist preachers.
These veteran soldiers of the Cross first
preached the Gospel to the people of what
now forms Lamotte and Montgomery town-
ships. But after this long lapse of years, it is
hard to say when or where the first church
society was organized, whether in Palestine
or in the adjoining neighborhoods. Weshall
not attempt to decide the question, but give
brief sketches, so far as we have been able to
obtain them, of the churches in the town and
township.
There are some four or five church buildings
in the township, outside of Palestine, but the
original organization of the difi^erent churches
can not, in all cases, be given. The old
Lamotte Baptist church, originally organized
by Elder Daniel Parker in a very early day,
was no doubt the first church in the town-
ship, but it has long since become extinct,
through death of members, removals, and the
formation of other churches. But they once
had a church building on Lamotte Prairie and
a large congregation.
East Union Christian Church in the south
part of the township, was organized in
1848, by Elder John Bailey, with fifty mem-
bers. It has prospered, and has now about
120 members. Their first meetings were held
in a log school-house, and in 1862, their pres-
ent frame church was erected at a cost of
about $1,000. The present pastor is Elder
J. T. G. Brandenburg. The pastors since its
organization, have been Elders John Bailey,
L. Thompson, John Mullias, David Clark,
G. W. Ingersoll, John T. Cox, J. H. Sloan,
J. Chowning, Jacob Wright, O. T. Azbill,
John Ingle, P. E. Cobb, J. J. Lockhart, F. G.
Roberts, and J. T. G. Brandenburg, the pres-
138
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUXTY.
ent pastor. A Sunday-school was organized
in 1873, and lias a regular attendance of about
fifty, under the superintendence of John
Miller.
Richwoods Baptist Church is situated in
the southeast corner of the township, and was
founded in the fall of 1871, by Elder D. Y.
Allison, with eight original members. The
first meetings were held in the Harding school-
house. In 1873 the congregation built a good,
substantial frame church. The pastors have
been Elders D. Y. Allison, J. L. Cox, Jacob
Clements, and Isaiah Greenbaugh. In 1881
it had 36 members, and at the present time is
without a pastor.
There are two church buildings in the
north part of the township: the Union church
at the Jack Oak Grove cemetery, and the
Dunkard church near by. The circumstances
attending the formation and building of these
churches were as follows: About the year
1870-71 there was quite a revival of religion
held on " Rogue's Island," as it is called, at the
old Wright school-house, under the auspices
of the New Lights. The religious interest
awakened suggested the thought of erecting a
church building. As the subject was can-
vassed sentiment became divided as to the spot
where the church should be located. Some
wanted it on the island where the revival had
been held, while another faction insisted on
having it at the Jack Oak cemetery, inas-
much as the latter was an old burying ground.
The controversy finally culminated in the
building of two churches, one at the cemetery,
and the other a little east, on the old State
road. Both were erected by a general sub-
scription from all denominations, and were
built by the same carpenter in the summer of
1871. About 1875, the one erected on the
State road was burned down, and has never
been rebuilt. The one built at the cemetery is
^^till standing, is open to all denominations,
but is used chiefly by New Lights and the
Methodists.
The Jack Oak Grove Cemetery is one of
the oldest burying grounds in the county, and
contains the mouldering dust of many of the
pioneers of this township. Some of their
graves are unmarked and unknown, and their
fast receding memories are alike unhonored
and unsung. They quietly sleep in this lonely
graveyard where the grass grows rank with
the vapors of decaying mortality, without so
much as a rude boulder to mark the spot
where they lie. Here rests Thomas Gill, a
Revolutionary soldier who fought under Gen.
Putnam, and around him sleep some of the red
sons of the forest, who, from this quiet spot,
took their flight to the happy hunting
grounds, so often described in the rude wild
eloquence of the medicine men. But not all
of the graves here are neglected. Many are
marked by stones, moss-grown from age, with
dates running back to 1835-30. There also
are some very handsome stones and monu-
ments. When the first burial was made, is
not known, but many who died in this portion
of th3 township in early days were interred in
this cemetery. Several Indians were buried
here, which shows its age as a place of sepul-
ture. Side by side the white and red man
sleep, and " six feet of earth make them all
of one size."
The Dunkards had an interest in the Jack
Oak Grove church when first built, but there
were too many interested to suit them, as they
could not alwHys have the use of it when they
wanted it. Hence, in the summer of lS8'i,
they built a church of their own in the vicin-
ity, which is a neat and handsome frame
building.
Swearingen Chapel, Methodist Episcopal,
has been recently built, and is situated in the
southwest part of the township. It was built
principally by Samuel Swearingen. Rev. J.
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
139
B. Reeder was the fiist, and is the present
pastor.
Harmony Church is located in the extreme
northwest corner of the township, and is a
union church. It was built by general sub-
scription and is open to all denominations
wlio choose to occupy it. But it is used
mostly by the United Brethren, Methodists
and New Lights. It is a neat and substantial
frame building, and will comfortably seat
about two hundred persons.
The old Wabash Valley Railroad which is
noticed at some length in a preceding chap-
ter, created a great interest in this portion of
the county in its day. As a railroad project
it grew out of the old internal improve-
ment system of the State, and was inaugurated
as early as ]S50. About 1854 work com-
menced on it in this county, and much of the
grading was done, and the most sanguine
hopes entertained of its ultimate completion.
An amount of money, aggregating $60,000
was subscribed to the enterprise, mostly in
this portion of the county. A corps of men,
were sent here to take charge of the work.
They opened an office in Palestine, and in-
stead of pushing the work with energj', they
spent most of their time in town, drinking,
carousing, and in "riotous living." The funds
disappeared faster than the enterprise pro-
gressed. Nearly enough money had been
subscribed along the line to have built the
road, had it been judiciously and economi-
cally used. But it was squandered, and the
project of building the Wabash Valley Rail-
road finally abandoned. The old grade is still
to be seen, an eye-sore to the people of this
section, and a daily reminder of " what might
have been." Later, when the project was
revived under the Paris & Danville Railroad,
in building the same, it diverged from the old
Wabash grade a little south of Hutsonvillo,
and run to Robinson, leaving this township
out in the cold. It was not until the building:
of the Springfield, Effingham & Southeastern
narrow-guage railroad that Lamotte Township
and Palestine received raiboad communica-
tion with the outside world.
Trimble station is on the Wabash Railroad
just on the line between Lamotte and Robin-
son Townships, but most of the town, if town
it can be called, is on the Robinson side of the
line. It consists of merely a store, post-office,
a shop or two, a saw mill, Harmony church,
and some half a dozen dwellings.
" I can not throw my staff Aside,
Or wholly quell the hope divine,
That one delight awaits me yet, —
A pilgrimage to Palestine."
Palestine. — The town of Palestine, the orig-
inal capital of the county, and fifty or sixty
years ago one of the most important towns
in the State, was laid out on the 19th and
20th days of May, 1818, by Edward N. Cul-
lom and Joseph Kitchell, the owners of the
land, and David Porter, agent for the county.
The original plat embraced lUO lots of ground,
each fronting 75 feet, and 142 feet deep,
with the public square containing two
acres. This was Palestine as it was laid out
sixty-five years ago. Several additions have
since that time been made, but they are not
pertinent to this sketch. Of the first build-
ings and the first business we have been un-
able to gather much satisfactory information.
A communication written by D. W. Stark,
Esq., to ^h: Finley Paull, who has taken an
active interest in aiding us in our researches,
gives some interesting facts of the early busi-
ness. We make the following extract from
his communication to Mr. Paull:
"About 1818-19 John Houston, in connec-
tion with Francis Dickson, of Vincennes,
purchased lot No. Ill, in Palestine, built a
house intended for dwelling and store-room
combined; finished off the south room on the
corner for a store — the room was about 10 or
IS feet square. In the year 1819, or in the
14U
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNl'V.
beginning of 1820 they brought on a stock of
goods to Palestine. This, I believe was the
first stock of goods ever in Palestine, or, as
far as I know, ever on the west side of the
river, north of Vincennes. John Houston
married my oldest sister, Jane M. Stark, in
the spring of 1831. They were ever after
residents of Palestine until their deaths a few
years ago.
" John and Alexander Houston were the
sons of Robert Houston, a minister of the
Presbyterian church, who broke off from the
church in Kentucky, in the year 1803, at the
time Stone, Dunlevy, McNemar and others
did. Houston embraced the Shaker faith,
moved to the Wabash country about 1806.
He located at the old Shaker town, to which
point a considerable body of Shakers soon
collected and built the old Shaker village. A
few years later, Houston for some reason or
other left the Wabash, and went to reside at
the Shaker village, in Logan County, Ken-
tucky, where he lived until his death at the
advanced age of 95 years. John and Alex-
ander Houston both left the Shakers when
quite young — before they were scarcely
grown. Alexander left a short time first,
going to Nashville, Tenn., to an uncle who re-
sided there. John, when he left, remained
on the Wabash, and when the war of 1813
broke out joined the Rangers and continued
in the service until peace in the beginning of
1815. Then for three or four years was en-
gaged in running barges and keel-boats on
the Ohio and Wabash rivers, in connection
with an uncle of the same name, who lived
in Mason County, Ky., but who afterward
moved to Palestine and died there — the fath-
er-in-law of David Logan.
"Alexander M. Houston in a short time
after going to Nashville, entered the regular
army where he remained for seven or eight
years, rose to the rank of lieutenant and
quartermaster, and then resigned. He came
to Palestine, and went into partnership with
his brother John (wlio had bought out Dick-
son's interest), probably about 1833. The two
brothers remained in business together in
Palestine until 1835, when Alexander moved
to Rockville, Ind., where he lived for some
years, but his wife's health failing, he re-
turned to Palestine, where she afterward died.
He finally married again, moved to the State
of New York, and died there. Neither of the
Houstons had any children; .John was up-
ward of 86 when he died, and Alexander was
76; both they and their wives are dead, and
both families are extinct.
" My father, David W. Stark, moved from
Mason County, Ky., to Palestine in the fall of
1830, and built a residence east and directly
across the street from the old Wilson tavern.
My mother died in 1833, and a year or two
later my father married a widow Neeley, who
resided at the head of Laraitte prairie, where
he died in the year 1816. I went to reside
with John Houston in 1831, when I was about
fifteen years old. I remained with him until
I was married in 1831, and continued business
with him and Alexander Houston until 1839,
when I removed to Rockville, Lid., where I
have since lived. I am now 77 years old, and
the last of my father's family that is alive.
"As it may be of some interest to you to
know, I think I can give you the names of at
least nine-tenths of the heads of families, re-
sidinof in Palestine in 1830. They areas fol-
lows: Joseph Kitchell, Wickliffe KitchcU,
Mrs. Nancy Kitchell and family, shea widow,
Edward N. Cullom, James Otey,- James Wil-
son, Wm. Wilson, David Stewart, Dr. Ford,
Edward N. Piper, Daniel Boatright, David
W. Stark, Guy W. Smith, George Calhoun,
John Houston, Robert Smith — the t^vo latter
unmarried."
These lengthy extracts give much of the
early history of Palestine, when it was a
strao-o-ling village, and the backwoods county
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
141
seat of a realm of almost undefined bounda-
ries. From a series of articles published in
the Robinson Artjim some years ago, entitled,
" Palestine Forty Years Ago," we gather some
items of interest. From them we learn that
in 18.i"2, Palestine was a place of some five
or six hundred inhabitants, and contained
five dry goods stores, two groceries, two sad-
dle shops, three blacksmith shops, one car-
penter shop, one cabinet maker shop, one
wagon shop, one cooper shop, one tailor shop,
one hatter shop, two shoe shops, two tan
yards, two mills with distilleries attached, one
cotton gin, one carding machine, two taverns
and one church.
Palestine was an important place then — a
more important place than Hutsonville ever
was, for it was the county seat, and this gave
it an air of great dignity. The businessmen
could number among their customers men
who lived twenty-five and thirty miles dis-
tant. The merchants were John Houston &
Co., Uan forth & JIcGahey, Wilson Lagow,
.Tames & Mauz}', A. B. Winslow & Co., Otey
& Waldrop, Ireland & Kitchell. The part-
ner of Ireland was J. II. Kitchell. Thej'
bought up and loaded a flat boat with pro-
duce, and Asa Kitchell started with it to New
Orleans. It is a fact remembered still by
many of the old citizens, that he nor the lioat
were ever after heard of. The suppositiim
was that the boat was swamped and all on
board lost, or that it was captured by river
pirates and the crew murdered.
Of the two mills, one was an o,\-mill, the
power made by oxen upon a tread-wheel, and
was owned by John Houston & Co., but was
being run by James and Peter Higgins. It
had a distillery in connection with it, also in
ojjeration. The other was a horse-mill, and
belonged to Joseph Kitchell, but was rented
to one Morris. A distillery w.ts in operation
in Qonnection with it also. Morris died, and
bijth mill and distillery ceased operation.
Corn was then cheap and plenty, and making
whisky was profitable. It was shipped to
New Orleans mostly — what was not used at
home as antidote for snake bites (!) only. An
incident is related of the proprietor of a dis-
tillery being reproved by his pastor for fol-
lowing a business, even then considered disre-
putable and inconsistent with religious teach-
ings. He listened attentively to the holy
man, and then informed him that he was
shipping it down south to kill Catholics.
There is no record of what further took place,
but as Protestant ministers then were more
prejudiced against Catholics, if possible, than
now, it is supposed the preacher considered
that the end justified the means, and the man
might continue the business. The ox-mill
stood for many years, and furnished much of
the flour and meal for the surrounding coun-
try. It was afterward converted into a steam-
mill, and is still standing, but is old and
rickety, and belongs to Mrs. Noll. Reuben
Condit built a mill in 1850-52. It is now
owned by MiesenheKler & Son, and stands in
the southeast part of town. It is a frame
building, and still doing a good business. A
saw-mill is connected with it.
The taverns were owned Ijy the AVilsons
and Elisha Fitch. That one owned by Wil-
son changed hands frequently, and became
the Garrard House. I. N. Wilson run it for
years, and made money at the business. It
was a great place of resort for a hundred
miles around. People who came to buy land
and to attend court stopped at it, and it was
often the scene of balls and parties, grand
and gorgeous for a backwoods cotnmunitv.
It was the stage stand, and this brought it all
the transient custom. The old-fashioned sign
swung in front of both these oM-fasliioned
taverns. The device on Wilson's was the
rising sun, and that on Fitc'h's the moon a
few d.iys old. As he had but little custom
compared to Wdsun, the boys called it the
142
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
" Dry-moon tavern." The Garrard House is
still in operation, but the gay times it once
knew it now knows no more.
Palestine was incorporated by an act of the
general assembly, February 16, 1857, and
organized under special charter in April fol-
lowing-. It continued under this organization
until the third Tuesday in April, 1ST7, when
it was re-organized under the general law,
or incorporating act, and officers were elect-
ed accordiuQ-ly. The present board of trus-
tees are Andrew Saulesbury, Wm. R. Eni-
rnons, R. H. Kitchell, John W. Patton, and
Amos Miescnhelder, of which Andrew Saules-
bury is president, Amos Miesenhelder, treas-
urer, and Wm. Alexander, clerk.
But little is known of the early schools of
Palestine. George Calhoun taught in the
town as early as 1820; but little else can be
ascertained of him and his school. As early
as 1830 the Masons and school board owned
a building, which was used jointly as a
Masonic lodge and a school house, the Masons
occupying the upper part, and the school the
lower. The lodge had a large membership
then, but many moving away, and others dy-
ing, the lodge finally ceased to exist. The
building was used for school purposes until it
became too small, and after the county seat
w: s moved to Robinson, the old court house
was used some time as a school building.
The present school-house was built about
1870-72, and is a substantial two-story frame.
The school has an attendance of some two or
three hundred children. Prof. James A.
ISIaxwell is principal, and Prof. Bussard, Miss
Mary Goram and Miss Lizzie Alexander,
assistant teachers. The school building oc-
cupies the old public square, which makes a
beautiful school yard.
Palestine in early days was the Paris of
Illinois; it was the center of fashion, of wealth,
pleasure and social enjoyment. Many of
its citizens were cultured, educated people.
belonging to the very best class of society,
and ranking among the aristocracy of the
country. While this was true, however, of a
large class, there was another class, and quite
as large, that were just the opposite in every-
thing. They were the fighting, roystering,
drinking, devil-may-care fellows always to be
found in frontier towns. To hunt a little,
frolic much, go to town often and never miss
a muster or general election day, and get
"glorious" early, and fight all day for fun,
was the pleasure and delight of their lives.
At musters and elections they had a glorious
picnic from "early morn to dewy eve," and
they made ihe most of it. But such charac-
ters do not last long, and generally follow the
ffame westward.
The time was when Palestine was a place
of considerable business. For years it was
the only place in a large area of country
where pork was bought, packed and shipped.
It was the first place in the county to pur-
chase and ship wheat. It carried on a large
trade in pork and wheat. O. H. Bristol & Co.,
who bought wheat extensively from 18-12 to
1815, built a grain warehouse. Many people
made sport of it and said it would hold more
wheat than the county would raise in ten
years, but the business done proved them
false prophets; Bristol & Co. often had it full
of wheat two or three times a year. They
had been merchants, but went into the grain
business, which they continued several years.
Other firms embarked in the grain and pork
business, but when a railroad was built through
the county it crippled Palestine as a grain
market. The building of the narrow-gauge,
railroad, however, has revived somewhat this
line of business. Morris, who has been al-
ready referred to, commenced a big distillery
about 1831. He broke up at it, and died
before completing it. Harmon Alexander
bought the property and turned it into an oil
factory, and for several years manufactured
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
143
castor and linseed oil very extensively. A
woolen mill was built here some years ago,
but it never proved a success, and is now
standing idle.
The Land Office. — This public institution
was established at Palestine May 11, 1S30.
The first land sale took place several years
jiri'viouslv, we have been told, to the date of
opening the office here. Tlie following wore
the registers and receivers during its contin-
uance at Palestine, as furnished by the State
auditor: Joseph Kitchell, from the establish-
ment of the office to 1811 ; Jesse K. Dubois,
from ISll to 1842; James McLean, from 184:i
to 184.5; '•Harmon Alexander, from 1845 to
1849; James McLean, from 1849 to 1853;
Vllarnion Alexander, from 1853 to 1855. The
receivers were, Guy W. Smith, from the es-
tablishment of the office to 1839; Augustus
C French (afterward governor), from 1839 to
KS42; David McGahey, from 184-2 to 1845;
William Wilson, from 1845 to 1849; Jesse K.
Dubois, from 1849 to 1853; Robert C. Wilson,
from 1853 to 1855, when the office was dis-
contijiued and the books and records moved
to Springfield.
The land-office was quite a feather in the
ca]) of Palestine as it rendered it the most
important town in the State, perhaps the State
capital excepted. It was established in a
couple of years after the town was laid out,
and continued its e.xistence here for a quarter
of a century. All who entered land in the
southern part of the State had to come to
Palestine to do it, and this brought trade and
importance to the town. The office was dis-
continued after all the land was taken up
south of the Danville district.
Mr. Guy Wilson now owns the old desk
used in the land-ollice for many years, which
lie values highly as a relic. It is a massive
piece of furniture, and was made in Philadel-
phia specially for the office. It is of walnut
lumber, and is still in an excellent state of
preservation.
The Jlethodist Episcopal Church, is the old-
est religious orgiinization in Palestine. Most
of its orioinal members were from Wesley
Chapel, and among them were the Culloms.
Revs. John Fox and old Father McCord were
the eany preachers, and the church was or-
ganized about 1828-29. The first church
house was a frame and was never finished.
The present church was built for a town hall,
and somewhere about 187:^-73, was bought by
the congregation and converted into a church.
It is a frame building, has been re-modeled
and improved, and is a very comfortable and
even elegant church. Before its purchase,
the congregation worshiped some time in
the Presbyterian church. Rev. Thos. J. Mas-
sey is the present pastor of the church. A
Sundaj'-school is maintained, of which Arthur
Vance is superintendent.
The Presbyterian Church of Palestine was
organized in 1831.* Rev. John Montgomery
of Pennsylvania, and Rev. Isaac Reed of New
York, held a meeting here embracing the
14th, 15th and Kith of May, of the above
year, and during its progress organized the
church, with the following members: John,
Nancy, Jane and Eliza Houston, Mary Ann
Logan, Wilson, Henry and Alfred Lagow,
James and Margaret Eagleton, James Cald-
well, Phoebe Morris, Anna Piper, John and
Ann Malcom and Hannah Wilson. John
Houston and Wilson Lagow were chosen
elders. The following have since filled the
office: James Eagleton, Dr. E. L. Patton,
Fiidcy Puull, Andrew McCormick, James C.
Allen, J. M. Winsor, J. H. Richey, Dr. J. S.
Brengle, J. C. Raniey, and H. T. Beam.
The following preachers have ministered to
* From Dr. Norton's History of the Presbyterian
church in Southern llliii us.
144
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
the congregation: Revs. John Montgomery,
Reuben White, James Crawford, Isaac Ben-
nett, E. W. Thayer, R. H. Lilly, Joseph Piatt,
John Crosier, J. M. Alexander, Joseph Piatt
(again), A. MoFarland, A. Thompson, Thomas
Spencer, J. E. Carson and S. W. Lagrange.
There is no pastor at present. Of the original
members all are dead, and of those present at
its formation, but two were present at its
semi-centennial, May 14th, 15th and IGth,
1881,; these two were Isaac N. Wilson and
Abigail Wilson, members of the Presbyterian
church of Olney.
Dr. Norton, in his work on the Presbyte-
rian (Church of Illinois, pays an eloquent and
justly merited tribute to Mr. Finley PauU.
After speaking of his long and faithful ser-
vice, he closes as follows: " Elder Finley
Paull has been an elder nearly ever since his
union with the church in ]83i, and in all that
time has missed but two meetings of the ses-
sion, while but three members have been ad-
mitted when he was not present." There are
few instances of a more faithful stewardship.
Of former pastors, there were present at the
semi-centennial. Rev. E. W. Thayer of Spring-
field; Rev. J. Crosier of Olney, and Rev. A.
McFarland of Flora. There had been 440
persons connected with the church since its or-
ganiza'ion fifty years before, and two churches,
Robinson and Beckwith Prairie churches have
been formed from its membership. The first
house of worship was a carpenter shop they
bought and fitted up for the purpose. In
1840 they built a church 38x50 feet at a cost
of §1,300. Tlie house has been remodeled
and enlarged and a bell attached. A Sunday-
school in connection with the church is car-
ried on, with Mrs. Lottie Ramey as superin-
tendent.
The Christian church of Palestine is an old
organization, but we were unable, through
the negligence or indifference of its members,
to learn anything concerning its early history.
Their first church edifice was a frame and was
burned some years ago. In 1874 they erected
their elegant brick church, which in outward
appearance is the handsomest church in the
town. They have no regular pastor at pres-
ent.
Palestine Lodge No. 2352, K. of H., was
instituted January 31, 1881. The present
officers are as follows: J. A. Martin, Dicta-
tor; H. H. Haskctt, Vice Dictator; Perry
Brimberry, Assistant Dictator; J. W. Laver-
ton, Past Dictator; A. C. Goodwin, Repor-
ter; W. R. Emmons, F. Reporter, and J. A.
Maxwell, Treasurer.
The site of Palestine is a beautiful one for
a town, and its selection shows good taste in
the commissioners who selected it for the
county seat. It seems a pity that the seat of
justice could not have remained here, but the
center of population demanded its removal.
The question of public buildings and removal
of the county seat is noticed in the chapter
on the organization of the county. The little
town in its palmy days produced some able
men, agovernor (A. G. French); an attorney
general (Wiokliffe Kitchell); and a circuit
judge and member of Congress, m the person
of James C. Allen. With the removal of the
county seat the town lost much of its former
prestige, and to-day it is a rather dilapidated,
rambling, tumble-down old town, almost
wholly devoid of life and energy. Some
beautiful residences, standing in spacious and
well-kept grounds are an ornament to the
place, and show a refinement of taste in their
owners.
The cemetery of Palestine, like that at
Jack Oak Grove, on the prairie, is an old
burying ground, and is the resting place of
many of Crawford County's early citizens. It
is a very pretty grave-yard, with some fine
monuments, and elegant marble slabs, silently
testifying to the affection of surviving friends
for their loved lost ones.
CHAPTEE XIII.*
HUTSONVILLE TOWNSHIP— TOPO",RAPHY— EARLY SETTLEMENT— HUTSON FAMILY- THE
BARLOWS, NEWLINS AND HILLS— OTHER PIONEERS— EARLY TRIALS AND
TROUBLES— SCHOOLS AND CHURCHES— VILLAGE OP HUTSONVILLE
—ITS SITUATION AS A TRADING POINT— SOME OF THE
MERCHANTS AND BUSINESS MEN— FIRE,
WATER, ETC., ETC. __
" Against the cold, clear sky a smoke
Curls like some column to its dome,
An ax, with far, but heavy stroke
Rings from a new woodland home."
— Joaquin Miller.
THERE is no perfect history. We dimly
outline from our own stand-point the his-
tory -which meets our eye, and steer our course
between extremes of dates and happenings,
while incompleteness marks the narrative.
Transcribing recollections of the aged, waver-
ing in memory, we do not seek to reconcile
discrepancies, but to embody in these pages
the names and deeds of those whose like can
never more be seen. Most of the pioneers of
this division of the county have passed to
their reward, and the few still left are totter-
ing on down toward the dark valley and must
soon enter its gloomy shadows. A few more
brief years and the last land-mark will have
been swept away as the morning mist before
the rising sun.
Hutsonville Township is one of the most
important civil divisions of Crawford County.
It is situated on the eastern border, and is
bounded north by Clark County, east by the
AVabash river, south by Robinson and La-
motte townships and west by Licking Town-
ship. The land is drained by the Wabash
and the streams which flow into it through
*Bv W. H. Pernn.
the township, the principal ones of which are
Hutson and Raccoon creeks. The surface is
rather low and level along the river back to
the second terrace, and much of it subject to
periodical overflows. Beyond the second
bottom it rises into slight hills, and from their
summit stretches away in level prairie and
timbered flats. The original timber was
black and white walnut, hickory, pecan, elm,
sugar maple, oak, cotton wood, sycamore,
hackberry, buckeye, etc., etc. By the census
of 1880, the township, including the village,
had 1,983 inhabitants. No better farmino-
region may be found in Cravpford County
than is comprised in the greater portion of
Hutsonville Township. Aside from the inun-
dation of the low lands, the worst draw-back to
its agricultural prosperity is the great number
of large unwieldy farms. Ohio farmers have
grown wise in this respect, and the large farm
in that State is now the exception. There
are plenty of farmers in the State of Ohio,
who, one year with another, make more money
on a hundred acres than any farmer makes,
upon an average, in Hutsonville Township, or
in Crawford County for that matter. Small
farms well cultivated, pay better than large
ones poorly worked. A little poem, going
the rounds of the press some years ago, enti-
tled the " Forty- Acre Farm," is not in appro-
priate, but may be read with profit. It is as
follows:
146
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
" I'm thinkin', wife, of neigbbor Jones, that man of stalwart
arm,—
He lives in peace and plenty, on a forty-acre farm;
While men are all around us, with hands and hearts asore.
Who own two hundred acres and still are wanting more.
•' His is a pretty little farm, a pretty little house;
He has a loving wife within, iis quiet as a uiouse;
His children piny aniund the door, their father's life to charm
Looking as neat and tidy as the tidy little farm.
"No weeds are in the corn fields ; no thistles in the oats ;
The horses show good keeping hy thAr fine and glossy
coats;
The cows within the meadow, resting beneath the bcochcn
shade,
Learn all their gentle manners of the gentle milking maid.
" Within the fields, on Snturday, he leaver no cradled grain
To be gathered on the morrow, for fear of coming rain ;
He keeps the .'^abbaih holy, hi-i ehildieu learn his ways,
And plenty fill his barn and bin after the harvest uays.
" He never has a lawsuit to take him to the town,
For the very simple r ason there are no line fences down.
The bar-room in the village does not liave for him a cliarm
I can always find my neighbor on his forty -acre larm.
"His acres are so very few he p'ows them very deep;
'Tis his own hands that turn the sod, 'tis his own hands
that reap.
He has a place tor everything, and things are in their place ;
The sunshine smiles up .n his fields, contentment tin hi.
face.
" May we not learn a lesson, wife, from prudent neighbor
Jones.
And not— for what we haven't got— give veut to sighs and
moans ?
The rich aren't always happy, nor free from life's alarms ;
But blest are Ihcy who live content though small may be
their farms."
Of all those immortals who have helped to
make this world wholesomo with their sweat
and blood, the early pioneers were the hum-
blest, but not the meanest nor most insignifi-
cant. They laid the foundation on which
rests the civilizn'-icn of the great West. The
importance that attaches to their lives, char-
acter and work in the cause of humanity will
some day be better understood und appreci-
ated than it is now. To say that in this
chapter, it is proposed to write the history of
every familj' in the order in which they came
into the township would be promising more
than lies in the power of any man to accom-
plish. But to give a sketch of some of the
leading pioneer and representative men of
the times is our aim, and to gather such facts,
incidents, statistics and circumstances as we
may, and transmit tliam in a durable form to
future generations is the utmost limit of oui
desire and our work.
The'Hutson family, there is no doubt, were
the first white people in what is now Hutson-
ville Township. The sad story of their tragic
death — the massacre by the Indians, of the
whole family, except the unhappy father and
husband, is told in a preceding chapter.
Hutson was from Ohio, and settled due south
of the village of Hutsonville, where the widow
Albert McCoy now lives, and which is the old
Barlow homestead. The war of 1S1"2 was not
yet over, and the Indians were still on the
war path more or less, but committing few
depredations in this part of the country.
Hutson believed there really was no danger,
and so declined to take refuge in the fort
where most of the people of the country then
resided for safety. One day when Ilutsnn
was absent from home, a band of prowling sav-
ao'ps came to his cabin and murdered the fam-
ily— wife and four ciiihlren, and a man named
Dixon, for what cause, except on general prin-
ciples, was never known, as no one was left to
tell the tale. When Hutson returned, he
found his family all dead and his cabin in
fl:tmes. These are the facts in brief. Hutson
joined the arm\' at Fort Harrison and was
soon after killed in a skirmish with the sav-
ages.
The Batons, who figured conspicuously here
in early davs, settled in the southwest part of
this township; or rather some of them did.
" Uncle Johnny " Eaton, was of those who
became a settler in this township after leav-
in<r old Fort Lninotte, where the people
" hibernated " during the war of ISI'2. He
died but a few years ago, and had a mind
well stored with im/idonts of the early history
of the county. All, however, that could be
learned of the Eatons, has already been
aiven.
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
147
The Buriows, next to the Hutson family
and the Batons, if the latter settled here
immediately after leaving the fort, were the
first settlers in what now forms Hutsonville
township. .lohn W. Barlow came from cen-
tral Kentucky, and sprung from a family of
Virginia origin. lie was brought up in a
region where the first rudiment learned was
that of Indian warfare — where the people
learned to fight Indians with their mothers
and sisters in their cabins, in ambuscades and
open fields, and before the savage war-cry
had died away upon the frontiers of Indiana
and Illinois, he had left the dark and bloody
ground as though following the red man's
retreating footsteps. Mr. Barlow stopped two
years in Indiana, near the Shaker village, and
in the spring of 181G came here. He settled
on the place where the Hutson family were
massacred, and when the land came
in market lie purchased it. Hutson's cabin
had been burned by the Indians, but there
was an old stable standing. In this Mr. Bar-
ow sheltered his family, while preparing his
cabin, and while they still occupied it a child
was born to them. Literally, it was " born in
a manger, " and was doubtless the first birth
in the township. Mr. Barlow lived upon this
place until 1839, when he removed to Mar-
shall. He raised a large family, the names
of which were as follows: Sarah .lane; married
VVm. McCo}'; Frances, an invalid daughter;
Henry M. (he that was born in the stable),
now a resident of Texas; Xancy O. (Mrs.
John R. Hurst); Rebecca, married Wm. T.
Adams, she is dead and he lives in Marshall;
Alfred died on the farm; Polyxona, a daugh-
ter who died single; Dr. James JI., living in
Jasper County; Dr. John W., died in AVest-
field. 111.; Dr. J. Milton, died two years ago
in Clark County; Joel died while yet an inl'ant,
and Wm. Hugh die 1 before reaching matu-
rity. Mr. Barlow died in 18G3and his wife in
1879, and side by side they sleep in the cem-
etery at Hutsonville. For more than half a
century they toiled together, and even in
death they were not long separated.
Joel, Jesse and James were brothers of
Mr. Barlow. The first two came here with
him and settled, Joel south of Hutsonville,
and Jesse on vvhat is now known as the Steel
farm. James came several years later. They
are all dead; Joel died and was buried in
Hutsonville cemetery. About the same time
that the Barlows arrived in the township
John Neeley and Joseph Bogard came —
probably came with them. Charley Newlin
lives on the place where Bogard settled, while
Neeley settled on what is known as the Cal-
lahan place. They are all dead and gone.
When their strong and busy hands fell nerve-
less at their sides in death, their life work
was taken up by those who came after them.
The Newlins, Hills, and John Saekrider
came to the county in 181S, and settled in the
present township of Hutsonville. The New-
lin family is one of the most extensive and
numerous probably in the whole county. It
used to be a standing joke, that you might
start out and go west from the village of Hut-
sonville, and if you met a stranger, call him
Newlin, and you would hit the nail on the head.
Another remark often made of the Newlins
and Hills, and one to the truth of which all
who know them will bear testimony, is, that
the word of a Newlin or a Hill is as good as
his bond, and when once pledged is never
broken but held sacred as though bound by
the strongest oatiis.
John Newlin, the patriarch of the tribe,
came here with his family in 1818. He was
from North Carolina (tii!s township was set-
tled almost entirely from the "Tar-heel" State),
and stopped for one year in Indiana, but not
being favorably impressed with Hoosierdom,
crossed the Wabash, and settled in this divis-
ion of Crawford County. His sons were Na-
thaniel, Thomas, James, " Caper'' John, Jon-
t48
IIISrORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
athan, and William. The old pioneer and all
his sons, except Nathaniel — '■ Uncle Natty,"
as the present generation call him — who lives
now with his son-in-law, George McDowell,
on the prairie south of Hutsonville, are dead.
For some years before the old man's death ho
made his home with Thomas, who lived in
what is now Robinson Township. Some of liis
sons settled oriijinally in that township, hut
most of the family have always livetl in this
township, and are among its best citizens.
James Newlin entered a section of land in a
half mile of where Cyrus Newiin lives, upon
which he lived until his death in 1853. He
raised eight children, all sons, viz.: Andrew,
John, Hiram, Alfred, Abraham, Oliver, Na-
than and Cyrus. Nathan lived and died on
the homestead, and met his death by cutting
down a tree and being caught under it as it
fell. The other sons, with one or two excep-
tions, are living in this township. John Hill
also came from North Carolina, and settled
on the place now owned by " Bub " Newlin,
and upon which he died some thirty years
an^o. He had four sons: Charles, Doctor, Will-
iam and Richard, all of whom are dead ex-
cept Mr. Doctor Hill, who lives in the imme-
diate neighborhood of his father's settlement.
John Hill 01 Robinson is a nephew, and one
of the most respected busini ss men of that
enterprising young city. Sackrider was an
active and energetic man. He was a captain
in the war of 1813, and was with Perry on
Lake Erie. He died thirty-five or forty years
asco. Solomon and Allen were his sons, and
are both dead. Wm. Boyd lives on a part of
the old Sackrider farm. Allen Sackrider died
in Terre Haute, and Solomon died in this
township.
Of such men as we have been writing
about, how true are the words of Lord Bacon:
". That wherounto man's nature doth more
aspire, which is immortality or continuance:
for to this tendeth generation, and raising of
houses and families; to this buildings, found-
ations and monuments; to this tendeth the
desire of memory, fame and celebration, and
in effect the strength of all other human de-
sires. We see then how far the monu-
ments of learning are more durable than the
monuments of power or of the hands." These
men have left monuments as lasting as the
" monuments of power or of the hands " —
monuments that will live in the hearts of gen-
erations yet to come.
From 1818 to 1831, came Aaron Ball,
Malin Voorhies, Eli Hand, and perhaps others.
Ball was from New Jersey, and settled here
in the latter part of 1818, or in the early part
of 1819. Edward, Montgomery, John and
Aaron were his sons, and two of them he ed-
ucated for doctors and two for fanners. Ed-
ward was a physician and lived and died in
Terre Haute; Aaron was also a physician and
moved west, where he still lives and is prac-
ticing his profession. John is still living
wliere he originally settled, and Montgomery
died here some years ago. Mr. Voorhies was
also from New Jersey, and was an uncle to
the Tall Sycamore of the Wabash — Senator
Voorhies. He settled on the farm where his
son, Henry C. Voorhies, now lives, and with
the exception of a few years, it has never
been out of possession of the family. It
is owned now by Henry, one of the honorable
men of the township. Mr. Hand was a na-
tive of Virginia, and came here in 1831, set-
tlino- where his grandson, Woodford D. Hand
now lives. He emigrated to Ohio, when the
Buckeye State was on the very verge of civ-
ilization, and afterward came to Illinois as
above, bringing his family and his earthly all
in a three-horse wagon. He died in 18.57.
Jas. F. Hand was his son, and the father of
Woodford. He was an active man in the
neighborhood, and among other positions he
held, was that of associate judge of the
county, and justice of the peace. He died
HISTOUY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
14!)
in ISTo, and the mantle of the active old man
has fallen upon the shoulders of his worthy
son, who is treading in his footstops.
Nathan ilusgrave, a good old Quaker from
Xorth Carolina, came to the settlement in the
spring of 182G. He left his old home in 1823,
as the leader of a large company bound for
the great West. Tliero was Mrs. Zylpha
Co.x, a widow, his mother-in-law; William
Co.x, her son ; A. B. Raines, John R. Hurst,
Philip Musgrave, James Boswell, Joseph
Green, A.xum Morris, Philip Corbett and fam-
ily, and Benj. Dunn and wife. Dunn died
on the road, and like Moses, never reached
the Promised Land. They first stopped in
Minor County, where they remained about
three years and then came here — all of them,
except Morris, Corbett and Philip Muso-rave.
Mrs. Cox's sons were William, Thomas and
Wiley, and William was the first merchant
in Hutso:ivilIe. Nathan Musgrave, has but
one son, William P., and a daughter living —
Mrs. Belle Kennedy. Williura Muso-rave,
who came to the township in 1833, also mar-
ried a daughter of Mrs. Cox. When Nathan
Musgrave came here he found two or three
families living in the neighborhood where he
settled, among them the Lindleys. Thomas
I^indley was living where his son John H.
died some years ago. He was from Virginia,
it is believed, ai d died upon the place where
he settled. His sons were Abraham, William,
John H., and Morton. He had two brothers
Samuel and William, also early settlers in this
part of the tciv ns'i p. Young Sam Lindlev,
as he is called, is a son of William, and a
daughter married Lafayette Raines. Samuel
lives where his father settled, and Lafayette
and Simpson Raines live where the elder
Samuel Lindloy settled. The Lindleys and
Musgraves were another honest set of men,
and of the strictest integrity. Nathan Mus-
grave lived to a ripe old age and amassed a
fortune. One of the boys who came here
with Old Nathan Musgrave, took his first
lessons in honesty, uprightness and square-
dealing, which have marked his course through
a long life, from him. We mean " Uncle
Jack " Hurst. He came here but a boy, and
lived with Nathan Musgrave, in fact, was
mostly raised by the good old Quaker, and
imbibed many of his sterling qualities. The
lessons thus learned have been his guide
through life, so that now, when he stands
upon a spot from which he can see the even-
ing twilight creeping on, the name of John R.
Hurst is without blot or blemish. And when
the race is nearly run, to see this venerable,
white-haired old man, and his white-haired
companion hand in hand passing along. Hear-
ing the journey's end, receiving the love and
reverence of all, is a picture that many loving
hearts would wish might never fade.
Chalkley Draper came to the county in a
very early day, and was a man much above
the ordinary. He lived first in the vicinity of
Palestine, the general stopping place of all
the early emigrants. He finally settled on
the place where Franklin Draper now lives.
He was a Quaker and of the strict honesty
that characterized all the old time members
of that peculiar sect. He had several sons of
whom were Axum, Asa, Jesse and Franklin.
The latter is the only one living, and resides on
the old homestead. Mr. Wm. L. Draper of
Hutsonville is a son of Axum Draper. Alex-
ander McCoy was also a very early settler.
He had three sons, William, John and Squire.
William married Sarah Jane Barlow, and a
daughter-in-law, Mrs. Albert McCoy, lives on
the old Hutson place, as previously stated.
Squire McCoy followed the river, and never
lived in the township. The old man died
here many years ago.
The Lowes were early settlers in the county.
William Lowe was the first of the name to
come, and he settled in the lower part of the
county below Palestine. He was there as
150
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
early as 1811-18, but afterward came to this
township anil located in the Lindley neia;hbor-
hood. 1-Ie finally died in Terre Haute. A
son of his, Isaac N. Lowe, long a resident
of Hntsoiiville, was known to nearly every
man in both town and township, and univer-
sally esteemed by all. Old " Jackey " Lowe
came here in 1834, and Benjamin, an old
bachelor l.irother, came about the same time.
They are both dead, and few now, except the
oldest citizens, remember them.
Another o-ood old Quaker family from
North Carolina were the Gyers. They came
first to Indiana, and about the year 1835-26
came here and settled northwest of the pre-
sent village of Hutsonville. Aaron Gyer died
about 1840; of other branches of the family we
have no data, though there are still a number of
them living in the township. Joseph Green
"vvas a member of the company that came out
from North Carolina with Nathan Musgrave.
He died here about 1S55. Another family are
the Coxes, thouo-h they came at a later date.
Bryant Cox, still living, came from North Caro-
lina, and arrived here the first of .June, 18ol.
He settled where his son, Sim|)Son Cox, now
lives, while he lives a few hundred yards dis-
tant. His sons are Wm. R., Andrew J., John
T., the good-natured circuit clerk of the
county, and Simpson, one of the most whole-
souled men in Hutsonville Township. Mat-
thew Cox was of a different family. He came
from Tennessee in 1830, and settled in the
northwest corner of the township, where he
died several years ago, but has several sons
still living.
This is but a brief and meager sketch of
some of the pioneer families who settled this
division of the county. The list no doubt is
very incomplete, as the means of obtaining
information of this "long ago period" are
few, and year by year are becoming lessened.
With all the disadvantages under which thi
historian must necessarily labor, it is not
strange if many names, together with impor-
tant facts and incidents are overlooked or
omitted altogether.
The hard life of the early settlers is a theme
often discussed. There is no question but
they did live a hard life. But there were ex-
ceptions just as there are now. There was
then, as now, great ditTerence in the forethought
and thrift of the people. Many, even in tlie
earliest years of the county's existence lived
in generous plenty of such as the land af-
forded. True, the pioneers had to have pow-
der, tobacco and whisky, but for everything
else they could kill game. Meat of a supe-
rior quality and in varieties that we now can
not get were within the easy reach of all, but
for meal they at first had to go to the Shaker
mills in Indiana until mills were built here.
Game of all kinds was plenty, as well as wild
beasts, which a man would not care to " meet
by moonlight alone," such as bears, panthers
and wolves. Mr. Hiram Newlin tells the fol-
lowing panther story: He, with his father
and brother were out one day hunting wild
hogs, when the dogs " treed " some kind of a
"varmint." The boys threw rocks at it until
tired, when Hiram, the most venturesome of
the lot, climbed the tree. The varmint
jumped out, and the dogs chased it to another
tree. The great fuss the dogs and the boys
made, brought some other men upon the
scene, who like themselves, had been hunting
hogs, and who happened to have a gun with
them. They shot the animal, when lo, and
behold! it was a full grown panther of a large
size.
There is but little of interest in Hutsonville
township to write about, aside from the mere
facts of its settlement, as the |irincipal history
of the township is connected with the village.
There is a group of mounds near Hutsonville,
but they are fully described in a preceding
chapter, and nothing can be said of them here
without repetition. Of the early schools their
histoi:y of crawford corxrv.
mi
history in this township is but a repetition of
the same in other parts of the county, viz.:
the log cabin-school house, the illiterate
pedagogue and the dirty faced urchins. The
township is well supplied at this day .with
good scliool-houses, and its educational facil-
ities are ecpial to its requirements in that
line.
Churches. — The Quaker church is one of
the oldest church organizations in the town-
ship— so old that we could not learn the time
of its formation as a church. They first held
their meetings in a double log-house which
stood near the grave-yard on the John H. Lind-
ley place. A few years later a log churcli
was built on the road leading to York and a
short distance from the old place. The next
was a frame church at the Cross Roads near
Ezekiel Bishop's place. When that o-ave
out, the present frame church building on the
"Quaker lane," as it is called, was built, and
a strong congregation occupy it. It has
been a church organization for sixty years.
Hutsotiville Baptist Church was organized
February 21, 1856. The facts which led to
its formations were these: A few Baptists liv-
ing at and in the vicinity of Hutsonville, in
the summer of 1855, requested the missionary
board of Palestine association to send some
one to Hutsonville, and in compliance the
board sent Elder .1. W, Riley. In company
with Elder E. Frey, he commenced a meet-
ing at Hutsonville on the lOtii of February,
1856, and at its close organized a church con-
sisting of the following members: .Jane Bar-
low, Daniel S. Downey, Joseph Medley, Mary
Medley, Hezokiah Winters, Maria Vance,
Phoebe Downey and Anna Paine. Elder E.
Frey was the first pastor, and Elder Asa
Frakes the next, followed by Elder A. .J.
Fuson, and he by Elder J. L. Cox, the pres-
ent pastor. Although the church was organ-
ized in Hutsonville, yet when a church edifice
was built, it was located about three and a half
miles northwest of the village. It was built
in 1865 — is a frame building 21:X.36 feet, and
cost-Sl,{iOO, with 140 members at present.
Elder Frakes, the second pastor, was a
Kentuckian by birth, and spent the lastyears
of his life in Vigo County, Ind. He wielded
a great influence for good throughout his lono-
life. When he came to Hutsonville he found
the church at a very low ebb. Under his
labors it thrived and grew constantly during
his administration. He was a man of great
firmness, full of life and perseverance. When
he first commenced in the ministry, he could
not read; he studied night and day and would
go to the woods and procure bark to make a
light to read by, sitting up late at night, pre-
paring himself for his ministerial labors. He
was afflicted with dropsy, and near the close
of his life, had to sit while speaking.
Elder Fuson was born in Ohio and came to
this country in early life, settling in Clark
County, between Marshall and Terre Haute.
He lived there several years, extending his
labors up and down the Wabash River, and
then moved to the southern part of Crawford
County, where he remained until the fall of
1S72 and then moved west. He was of a deli-
cate constitution, but of great perseverance.
_Jhe country was new; without railroads, and
his mode of traveling was on horseback,
facing wind and storm. He traveled several
years for the home missionary board of New
York. His education was fair for that dav.
The Hutsonville church greatly increased
during his pastorate.
The Universalist Church was organized in
the Methodist church at Hutsonville, April .5,
1870, by Rev. Robert G. Harris. Most of the'
members lived in the country, and when a
church-house was built, it, like the Baptist
chui-eh, was built some two miles from town.
It was built some ten years ago, at a cost of
about S-IOO, and is a neat little frame build-
ing. The last minister was the Rev. Mr.
152
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
Gibb, Ijut h(> closed his pastorate in 1882, and
the flock is at present witiiout a shepherd.
The Village. — Hutsonville was laid out as
a village in April, 1833. A body of land in-
cluding that upon wiiich the town stands, was
entered by Andrew Harris, who sold a por-
tion of it to his father, Israel Harris. The
latter built a tavern on the river bank, near
where the calaboose stands, and the site of
which is marked by a sink in the ground (the
old tavern cellar) and a few bushes growing
out of it. This was on the old State road
from Vincennes to Chicago, and which passed
through Palestine, York, Darwin, Paris, Dan-
ville, and on to Chicago. Harris lost money
in tavern keeping, and finally traded the
property, together with the land around it, to
Robert Harrison, for property in Terre Haute,
and moved to that place.
Robert H.irrison laid out the town in 1833,
as above stated, and the original plat em-
braced 48 lots, most of which were sold at the
first sale. Harrison afterward surveyed and
laid off 80 lots rttore which was known as
"Harrison's addition to the town of Hutson-
ville." There have been other additions
made of a later date, but to go into the
details of each, is not pertinent to the subject,
nor of special importance. The town was
called Hutsonville, in memory of Isaac Hut-
son, whose family was murdered by the
Indians.
The first residence built in Hutsonville after
the town was laid out was erected by Wm.
Cox, in the fall of 1833. The house was built
on lot 33, fronting the river, and was of
hewed logs, and was afterward " weather-
boarded." By a strange coincidence it has
fallen down from age, since we commenced
writing this chapter. Wm. M. Hurst, a
brother of "Uncle" Jack's; put up the next
residence. He built a kitchen in the fall of
1833, and occupied it and the counting room
of his store, until he could complete the
remainder of his residence, which was the fol-
lowing spring. His was a small one-story
building, also on the river bank, and is stdl
standing and known as the " Gascon Adams
House." Residences now went up rapidly';
so rapidly we are unable to keep trace of
them.
The mercantile business took an early start
in Hutsonville. William Cox and William
M. Hurst, above mentioned were the pioneer
merchants. Under the firm name of Cox &
Hurst, they opened a store in August, 1833, a
few months after the town was laid out.
They continued business until 1837-38, when
they closed out for the purpose of collecting
up the debts they had made. Everybody
there who sold goods at all, sold on a credit —
" the cheap cash store " had not yet been
invented — and hence, every few years, the
merchant had to close out his business, and
collect his outstanding accounts in order to
raise money to buy another stock of goods.
Thus Cox & Hurst, after running a store some
five or six years, were forced to pursue this
method to replenish their stock, and the mer-
cantile field was left to others. After clos-
ing out their business, they rented their store-
house to C. C. McDonald, who opened a large
store, but he soon run his course and dropped
out of the race. But in the meantime, the
second store had been started in 1835, by
Scott & Ross, who came here from Terre
Haute, for the purpose of making their for-
tunes. Scott soon sold out to Ross, and after-
ward Ross sold to Royal A. Knott, who took
William McCoy in as a partner. In two or
three years they were forced to close out and
gather up their scattered capital.
About the year 1840, William Cox, the
pioneer merchant, together with Hurst and
others, under the firm of Wm. Cox &
Co., again embarked in the mercantile busi-
ness, but in three or four years, and for the
same reason as heretofore, again retired.
-'\\
i^^^/^74W^A
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
155
Caswell Jones opened a store oa a small scale
about 1839-4:0, and continued in business for
some ten years. Henry A. Steele also opened
a store about the same tmie as Jones. He
built a store-house where the large brick
block now stands, but retired from business
in a year or two. (Ai^ain about lSo4, in
company with A. P. Harness, he opened a
large store, which was continued until his
death in ISGO.) Harness then wound up the
business and afterward he and .McDowell
commejiced a store which they operated for a
few years. In 1843—14 the mercantile busi-
ness had subsided into almost nothing, and
the people had to go to York to supply them-
selves with " store goods," or in a measure
do without them. Early in the year 1845,
Dr. Lucius McAllister rented the Steele store-
house and opened out a good stock. He
flourished but a year or two when he signally
failed, and left town. He located somewhere
about Tuscola, wliere he recuperated and made
money. In 184^-48 the Preston Brothers
started a store in the Steele house, which
they operated several years. But while in
full blast .John Sweeny bought the Steele
store-house and compelled them to vacate it.
Prestons then built a store on the corner
opposite the present post-office, and after a few
years more, closed out, and devoted their
attention mostly to pork packing. A man
from York named Coleman rented the Pres-
ton store-house and opened a stock of goods,
but did not remain but a year or two, when
he closed out and returned whence he came.
February, 1804, the Prestons ag&in opened
a store, and on a much larger scale than be-
fore. Under the firm of Preston, Lake & Co.
they continued business until a few years
ago, and made a great deal of money — just
how much none but themselves perhaps know.
But in pork-packing, merchandizing, and in
grain thej' did the most extensive business
ever done in the town. This was the general
headquarters of nine stores which they had in
successful operation. They let the stock run
down, and a few years ago, sold it to George
McDowell, who continued business, until one
of the fires, -which Hutsonville is subject to,
swept away the entire block, and the Preston,
Lake & Co.'s building, where money had been
accumulated for years, was but a " heap of
smouldering ruins."
We will go back now and gather up anoth-
er thread of the mercantile history of Hut-
sonville. John A. Merrick opened a large
store about 18-53-53. He built the brick store-
house occupied by Hurst &01win, when they
were burned out in 1873. He commenced in
the old Steele house, several times referred to,
where he remained until his new brick store
was finisheil. Mr. Merrick carried on an ex-
tensive business for ten or twelve years, when
he sold to Gen. Pearce & Sons. They closed
out in a short time, and rented the store-house
to Musgrave & Coffin. After a few months
Musgrave bought out Coffin, and continuing
business a short time longer, he (Nathan Mus-
grave) died, when Wm. P. Musgrave, closed
out the store. About the year 1854, Luther
A. Stone opened a store as successor of Wm.
Cox & Co. He took in Levi Moore as a part-
ner, and Wm. L. Draper, then a young man.
was employed as a clerk. Stone, Moore & Co
continued a few years, when Stone died, and
Moore closed out. A man from Terre Haute
opened a store in the house lately occupied
by Stone, Moore & Co., and in a short time
sold out to Draper & Wood. A man named
Mclntire succeeded Wood, and the firm be-
came Draper & Mclntire. Moore again be-
came a partner, and so continued until ha
died. Draper, after Moore's death, closed up
the business, and about 18G3 sold out to
John T. Cox, a son of the pioneer merchant
of Hutsonville. A. J. Cox became a partner,
and the business continued thus several years.
Wm. P. Musgrave & Co. (John R. Hurst
1ii6
IirSTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
the Co.) opened a store March 17, ISiU ; the
Pi-estons had re-opened business here in Febru-
ary preceding. Wni. P. Musgrave & Co. con-
tinued about eighteen months when Musiirave
sold out to I. N. Lowe, and the fn-m became
J. R. Hurst & Co. In Novemlier, 1867, .John
Olwin was admitted into the firm, and shortly-
after Hurst bought out Lowe, and changed
the firm name to Hurst & Olwin, which still
continues in liusiness. W. B. Hurst became
a. partner in 1S71. "Uncle Jack," as every-
body calls Mr. Hurst, has retired from active
business but the old sign, like that of Doni-
bey & Son, still swings in the breeze.
W. L. Draper, who sold out in 1863, and
went to Terre Haute, afterward returned to
Hutsonville and went into business again.
In 1875, S. L. Bennett was admitted a part-
ner, and the firm of Draper & Bennett con-
tinued until about the close of the year 1883,
when thev sold out to Golden & Canaday,
now in business.
This comprises a brief sketch of the early
mercantile business of Hutsonville, together
with some of the old firms, so well known to
the people of this section of the county. We
leave the records of more modern firms and
business men to some future historian. Many
men have embarked in business in Hutson-
ville, and some have enjoyed prosperity and
success, while others failed; some of them
swept over the scene like untamed meteors,
flashed, darted and fizzled, and then went out.
Qnorum pars maf/naj'ui. Yes, the writer
invested his surplus capital in Hutsonville,
but it was swept away in the great overflow
of " '75 " — otherwise in the '• August freshet,"
and in overflows of a different character, but
nevertheless it went. There have been others
who met with like misfortvines here. But
there is consolation in the fact that what is
the loss of one is the gain of others. But
Hutsonville has proven an Eldorado to many.
INIore than one snug little fortune has been
carved out here and carried away to enrich
other sections of the country.
Taverns. — Israel Harris, as stated, was
keeping a hotel, or tavern, as they were then
called, when Hutsonville was laid out, and
sold it to Robert Harrison. He kept the tav-
ern for years, and finally killed himself by
excessive drinking. Some time before he
died he sol i the tavern and ail the land he
owned (outside of the town lots) to John El-
liott, who, alter running the tavern for a
while, sold it to Enoch Wilhite, the father of
Squire James Wilhite, whom many of our
readers still remember. Mr. Wilhite kept
the tavern as long as he lived. It was once
a very important place; it was the stage-
stand, when a four-horse stage ran daily
between Vincennes and Danville. The
next tavern was opened by Levi Moore.
During the mercantile career of Stone,
Moore & Co. they built the brick resi-
dence now owned and occupied by Mr. W.
L. Draper, and in this, after the death
of Stone, Moore kept tavern. Moore sold it
to Simons, who also kept it as a tavern for
a while, and then rented it to William Boat-
right, who used it for the same purpose. The
next tavern was kept by Joel Barlow, on the
corner where Newton & Rackerby's drug store
stands. Then a tavern was opened on the
site of the present Adams House. The house
was put up as a private residence by John
Musgrave, but was rented to C. C. McDonald,
who kept it as a tavern. It has charged
hands and landlords often since then; altera-
tions have taken place, additions been built '
to it, old portions torn down and repairs made,
until to-day there is, perhajis, not a single
square inch of the original building left in the
present house. For thirty years or more it
has been a tavern-stand, and twice during that
period it has been the " Adams House." Who
does not remember "Uncle Joe" Adams, and
"Aunt Jane," and their home-like tavern?
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
157
The present proprietor, Mr. Lewis Adams, is
a t^euial host, judging from his evening com-
p;iny, and an accommodating landlord.
A post-office was established liere in 1832,
and Wdliain Cox was the postmaster. It
was small and insignificant compared to
wiiat it is now. The mail was rocoivt'd over
the old Slate road then, and wlien Murpliy &
Goodrich started their big four-horse mail
coaches, their arrival created a greater sensa-
tion than Charley Willard does now when he
conies in from the depot with the mail-bag on
his shoulder. Murphy & Goodrich started
tiieir coaches about the year 183S, but broke
up in a few months, and again the mail
dropped back to first princi])les — the hack, or
trie "post-rider" — until the iron horse dashed
in with it at lightning speed.
Pork-packing has been an extensive and
profitable business in Hutsonville. Cox and
Hurst commenced the business in 1835 on a
small scale, but followed it only two or three
years. About 18-i8-9 Carson, Hurst & Mus-
grave, as Carson & Co., did a large business
in pork-packing. H. A. Steele followed the
l)usiness for a few years, and so also did John
A. Merrick. He built a pork house and
packed extensively for two or three years.
But the Prestons did the largest business
in packing pork. They commenced about
the time they first opened their store, having
rented Cox & Co.'s pork house. In a few
years they bought land near the ferry and
built a pork house of their own. To this they
made additions as their business incneased,
until it became an extens.ve establishment.
They did a large business in pork, as well as
in merchandise, and grew immensely rich.
To the large fortune they are supposed to
liave accumulated, Hutsonville and Crawford
County contributed far the larger portion.
In the beginning of the pork business here it
was shipped almost entirely to New Orleans
by llat-boats. ^Vhen the Prestons got under
way they sh.ipped bj' steamboats, and shipped
east mostly instead of south.
John A. Merrick was one of the finest and
most accomplished business men ever in
Hutsonville. He made money rapidlv, accu-
mulating a handsome little fortune. But in an
evil hour he invested his capital in the old
distillery below town, which proved the rock
upon which his ship went down, and has been
equally disastrous to many since his time.
Indeed, nearly every one who invested in it
failed tttterly. Merrick and Joseph Volke of
Palestine built this distillery, and broke up
at it. After breaking everybody that took
hold of it, the distillery itself broke up — the
best break of all.
jnils. — Solomon Sackrider built a steam
grist-mill on Hutson Creek about three hun-
dred yards from the mouth of the creek, the
first mill in the town. It was quite an exten-
sive establishment and did a profitable busi-
ness. The Prestons traded for it, and it
finally blew up from some cause, and in the
explosion one man was killed. The mill was
never rebuilt.
The Hutson mills were built by the Mark-
leys, and was the next enterprise in the town,
in the way of a steam grist-mill. They com-
prise a large three-story, frame building, with
five run of buhrs, and a capacity of one hun-
dred barrels of flour per day, most of which,
aside from home consumption, is shi])ped
south. The mills have all the latest improved
machinery, and use the patent process in the
ma ving of flour. They have changed hands
many times since they were originally built,
and are now owned by Harness, Newton and
Rackerby. These mills, already mentioned,
together with the mill at the old distillery,
and a number of saw-mills built about town
at different times, embrace the manufacturing
interests of Hutsonville in the way of mills.
The stave-factory, saw and planing-mills,
on the river above town is an enterprise of
158
IIISTOUY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
considerable magnitude. It was built by
Hussong & Co. in 1881-83. It works a num-
ber of hands, and does quite an extensive
business.
The first school in Hutsonville was taught
b}' a man named Broom, in a little house built
for school purposes, and now occupied as a
residence by Jack Woolverton. The next
school-house built, was the present one.
The present attendance at school is about 100
pupils — a little more than half of tlie enroll-
ment. Another short-sightedness in the peo-
ple, is not compelling their children to go to
hchool. When parents allow their children
to run wild in the streets, instead of sending
them to school, tliey can blame no one but
themselves if they bring up in the peniten-
tiary. Such things are by no means uncom-
mon. The ])resent teachers of the Hutson-
ville schools, are Mr. Arthur Horning, and
Miss Dora Braden.
Rev. .lames McCord, a local Methodist
preacher, delivered the first sermon in Hut-
sonville, on Sunday before Christmas, 1833.
He then lived near the town, and often
preached for the people at their residences.
He preached the sermon above referred to in a
little unfinished house built by T. G. Moore on
Water street. About the year 1840 a Meth-
odist church was organized; a class, however,
had been organized sometime previously. In
February of the year noted, a quarterly meet-
ing was held in the village by Rev. Beadle,
the circuit rider, and Rev. William Crews,
presiding Elder, and a church organized.
Harvey Wilhite had been killed by the kick
of a horse, and his funeral sermon was
preached at this quarterly meeting by Rev.
Crews. A great revival of religion followed
the organization of the church, and Christian-
ity prospered accordingly. The church has
existed ever since its original organization,
though it has dwindled down at times, and
become lukewarm. The present lirick church
was built, between 1850 and 1854, by contri-
butions from all denominations, but some
years ago it was regularly dedicated as a
Methodist church. Rev. Mr. Massey is the
present pastor, and Mr. C. V. Newton, super-
intendent of the Sunday school, which is car-
ried on during the entire year.
The Christian Church was organized soon
after the Methodist church, but a church edi-
fice was not built until in 1800, when the
present frame church was erected. Elder
Alfred P. Law organized the society in a
little log-house which stood on lot- 18, and is
now used as a stable. The next preacher
after Law was Elder William Tichnor.
There is no regular pastor at present. The
church is numerically strong, and has had
some able ministers, the ablest of whom per-
haps were James Morgan and Elder Black.
A flourishing Sunday school is maintained
under the superintendence of Mr. A. J. Cox.
There are no other church organizations in
the village than those mentioned.
Hutsonville Lodge No. 136 A. F. and A.
M., was organized October 5, 1853, under E.
B. Ames, Grand Master, and H. G. Reynolds,
Grand Seoretarj'. The first officers were B.
F. Robinson, Master; Joshua Davis, Senior
Warden, and J. J. Petri, Junior Warden.
The present officers are John M. McNutt,
Master; John 01 win. Senior Warden; L. W.
Smith, Junior Warden; R. W. Canaday, Treas-
urer; G. V. Newton, Secretary, and C. Rogers,
Tiler.
Hutsonville Lodge No. 106 I. O. O. F., was
instituted October 15, 1853, by W. L. Rueker,
Grand Master, and S. A. Goneau, Grand Sec-
retary. The charter members were Win. T.
B. ilclntire, J. N. Cox, Liberty Murphy, J.
M. Wilhite, and Andrew P. Harness. The
present officers of the lodcre are Price John-
son, N. G.; John Carpenter, V. G.; E. Kinnej',
Treasurer, and H. H. Flesher, Secretary.
Osmer Lodge No. 3330 Knights of Honor,
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
159
was organized and a charter issued under date
ol' June 9, 1881, to Jolm O win, Win. E.iton,
Danl. Iloldennan, J. L. Musj^rave, M. P.
Rackerby, C. W. Keys, C. V. Newton, C.
Rodgers and others, as charter members.
The present ofEcers are Wm. Eaton, P. D.;
James Handy, D.; Lucius Hurst, A. D.; Jesse
C. Musgrave, V. D.; John Oiwin, Treasurc^r;
C. V. Newton, Reporter, and M. P. Rackerby,
Financial Reporter, and several others too te-
dious to mention.
Hutsonville has been incorporated time
after time. Its first experience of this kind
was some time between 1840 <md 1850. This
style of government was allowed to go by de-
fault finally, and about 18")2 it was incorpo-
rated under a special charter, which "Uncle
Jack" Hurst says was as voluminous as the
■ history of the Decline and Fall of the Roman
Empire, and as binding in its provisions as the
laws of the Medes and Persians. This charter
was repealed in a few years, and the village in-
corporated under a special act of the Legisla-
ture, and the following Board of Trustees
elected: Benj. Henry, President; W. Holdcii,
Treasurer; W. L. Draper, Clerk; andCatlin
Preston, John R. Hurst and J. O. Harness. In
1875, it was re-incorporated under the general
law, and the following trustees elected: John
Harness, President; I. N. Lowe, Clerk; C. W.
Keys, Treasurer; J. M. Wilhite, Police Magis-
trate; and R. W. Truitt, Frank Brivogal, W.
P. Claypool and Geo. W. Wood. The pre-
sent board are, C. V. Newton, President; H.
H. Flesher, Clerk; M. P. Rackerby, Treas-
urer; M. T. Wolf, Police Magistrate; and
Lewis Adams, Henry Draper, C. W. Keys,
Green Becknal and Jack Plough.
Destructive conflagrations and disastrous
overflows are common to Hutsonville. The
town has been inundated by the roaring Wa-
bash scores of times and much property de-
stroyed. It has been burnt out so often that
a fire is no longer a noveltv to its citizens.
The two great elements — fire and water —
seem to have conspired against the growth
and prosperity of the place. What the floods
leave fire sweeps away, and as Shakespeare
says: " So thickly do they follow as to tread
on each other's heels." The great overflow of
1875 — the " August fresh " — of which so
much has been said, was an epoch — a kind of
chronological starting point from which all
matters of village gossip dated. But the
" February fresh " of 1SS3, put the "August
fresh " of 1875 in its little bed, and closed the
mouth of the " oldest inhabitant " with ten or
twelve inches more of water than the Wabash
marked in the great flood of 1828, or in that
of 1875. The " February fresh " takes the
place of the "August fresh," thus constituting
a new starting point in the town's chro-
nology.
To conclude its history, Hutsonville is noted
for many things. Not the least of these are
the courtesy of its inhabitants, the beauty of
its women, the integrity of its business men,
its calamities from fire and water, and its
many burglaries.
West York, a small village situated on the
railroad in the extreme north part of the town-
ship, was laid out Ijy Ezekiel Bishop, Es^q., an
early settler in this section of the county. It
grew out of the building of the railroad, and
has a population of about a dozen families at
the present time. The first store was kept by
H. J. Musgrave, who sold out to G. W. Bishop.
The store is now kept by Buckner Brothers.
It is a good grain point, and two grain ware-
houses are in operation, one by G. W. Bishop,
and the other by S. C. Brevoe.
The first car-load of grain shipped from
Crawford Count}', was by Jesse C. Musgrave
and G. W. Bishop, the pioneer grain dealers of
West York. The car was loaded at Quaker
Lane, and run out on Sunday, March 26, 1875,
b}' the construction train, as no regular trains
had, at the time, been put on the road.
CHAPTER XIY.*
LICKING TOWNSHIP-DESCRIPTION, BOUNDARIES AND TOPOGRAPHY-EARLY SETTLE-
MENT—PIONEER IMPROVEMENTS AND INDUSTRIES— VILLAGES— EARLY
SCHOOLS, ETC— CHURCHES AND CHURCH BUILDINGS.
THE events of every-day life are like the
stones in a Mosaic, each going to make up
the whole picture, and it is often th;it these
trifling occurrences are of far more interest to
us than the great events of the time. Doubt-
less the buiiders of the Parthenon were more
pleased with the goodness of the midday
meal which their wives brought thein than
they were with the magnificence of the grand
temple they wore erecting. In all probability
Shakspeare thought more of the acting quali-
ties of the ideal characters he created than of
the echoes thny would send down through the
lonor corridors of time. So in the annals of a
county or town, the historian's aim is to chron-
icle, not great events that affect the destiny
of a nation, but rather the homely events of
everv-day life, and such as have occurred
•within the last sixty years. The pioneers
who bore the brunt of toil and danger; whose
lives were spent, not in the lap of luxury,
surrounded by affluence, but amid perils and
manifold hardships; and the j-outh whose
infant cradles were rocked to the music of the
■wild wolf's howl — these and kindred inci-
dents are such as embellish the early hist Ty
of this part of Illinois, and are of more inter-
est to us than the great questions which shake
empires and kingdoms. These scenes and
incidents, together with those who figured in
them, deserve perpetuation in history. The
majority of the original pioneers have passed
away; but few of the old guard remain, and
* By G. N. Beny.
manv of their children, too, have followed
them to that " bourne from whence no traveler
returns." It is highly fitting then that a rec-
ord of the "old times" should be maile to
stand as a monument to their industry and
hardships. Licking township occupies the
northwest corner of Crawford County, and is
eight miles in extent from east to west
and seven miles from the northern to tlie
southern boundarv. It contains fifty-six
sqtiare miles of territory and possesses a
pleasant diversity of surface, with prairie aud
woodland alternating in about equal propor-
tions. An arm of the Dolson prairie extends
through the eastern part of the township from
north to southwest, embracing an area of about
twelve hundred and sixty acres. Willow
prairie lies near the central part and includes
a scope of land about three and a half miles
long from north to south and three miles in
extent from east to west, while White's
prairie occupies a strip about one and a half
miles in width, along the western border of
the township. These prairies possess a gently
undulating surface, and a rich gray loam soil
which is well adapted for agricultural pur-
poses. The subsoil is clay, which renders
* farmincr, during wet seasons, rather difficult,
owing to its impervious nature. The wooded
portions of the township are more uneven, and
along the various water-courses by which the
country is drained the land is somewhat irreg-
ular and broken. The original forest growth
consisted of various species of oak, black
and white walnut, sugar maple, elm, sycamore,
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
161
ash, hickory, sassafras, persimmon, locust,
and a number of other varieties. The under-
growth consists of hazel, sumac, dog-wood,
spice-bush, paw-paw, grape, wild plum, etc.
The immediate valleys of the streams in the
southern and central portions of the township
are well titnbered and occasionally there are
to be seen isolated copses or trroves in the
open prairie. But in these the trees do not
exiiibit that thrifty sxrowth characteristic of
the forests. The timbered land possesses a
soil superior in many respects to the prairies
for general farming purposes. It is of a
clayey nature, wears well, and seems espe-
cially adapted to wheat and the other small
grains. The township is traversed by several
streams, among which are Muddy Creek,
Maple Creek, Willow Creek, and Big Creek.
The last named flows through the southeast
corner of the township, and is a stream of con-
siderable size and importance. Muddy Creek
crosses the northern boundary, in section 1,
flows diagonally through the township in a
southwesterly direction and leaves from sec-
tion 6. In its course it receives a number of
affluents, the principal of which is Maple's
branch, which flows a southerlv course, through
sections 3, 9 and 16. Willow Creek is formed
by the junction of two small streams in sec-
tion 7, from which point it flows a southerly
course and leaves the township from section
1, about two miles from the western boundary.
The township is noted as an agricultural
region and some of the largest and best
improved farms in the county are to be seen
■within its limits. There are many fine graz-
ing districts in various parts of the country,
and stock-raising is rapidly coming to the
front as an industry.
The advent of pioneers into that portion of
the county embraced within the limits of
this township dates back to a period more
than sixty years gone by, but by whom the
first settlement was made can not be correctly
determined. It is known, however, that a
number of transient sattlers had "squatted"
on Congress land in the southern part of the
township as eariy as the year IS'^O, but
beyond erecting a few insignificant cabins,
and clearing small patches of ground, they
made no improvements. The names of these
squatters, and facts concerning them, have
been lost in the lapse of time, and any attempt
to designate their location would be mere
conjecture. A man by name of Phelps, of
whom but little is known, settled one mile
north of Henry Kerby's farm, about the year
1820, where he buiit a rude cabin and
improved about an acre of ground. He came
to this part of the country from one of the
southern States, and like many of the precur-
sors of civilization, was induceil to come west
in quest of game, which at that time, was
plentiful, and easily procured. His wants
were few and easily satisfied and he led a
charmed life in quest of his' favorite pursuit,
until the year 1S20, when on the appearance
of more permanent settlers he left the country
and went further west.
Among the earliest inhabitants of Licking
is remembered one John Mdler, a native of
Philadelphia, who settled temporarily near
the southern boundary of the township in
section 3, about the year 1821. He was a
true type of the backwoodsman, and led a
wild, free life in his isolated cabin, untram-
meled by the usages and exactions of society
for which he had the utmost contempt. He
was an expert with the rifle, and spent the
greater part of his time hunting and trapping,
and realized enough from the sale of furs and
wild game to keep his family in such articles
of clothing and groceries as they needed,
which fortunately were few. He sold his im-
provements to John Howard in the fall of
1824, and moved west, and finally made his
way to California. A number of years later
he returned to the township and entered land
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
near the central part, wliere he lived until
the time of his death, about twenty years
ago. His reputation for honesty was not of
the highest order, and he was detected in
manv petty acts of thievery. His chief means
of support after game had disappeared from
the country, was derived from his hogs of
which he kept large numbers. William John-
son came to the township about the year 1833,
and made a few improvements on the farm
at present occupied by Henry Kerby. John-
son immigrated to this State from Indiana in
an ox cart, and settled first near Hutsonville,
where he remained but a short time. He was
in many respects like his neighbor Miller, and
ilepended for a livelihood upon his rifle which
was his most valuable piece of property. He
lived where he first loi'atcd about six j'ears,
when he sold his cabin and moved further
northwest near the Bellaire road, where he
afterward became possessor of a small farm
on which he resided until the year 18G6.
An early settler in the southern part of the
township was John Howard, whose arrival
dates from the year 1826. He was a native
of Kentucky, and was induced to immigrate
to this State in the hope of securing land,
which could be obtained at that early day at
a very nominal price. The family came in a
wagon, and were many weeks on the journev,
owing to the wet condition of the season and
the absence of roads, much of the way lay
through an almost unbroken wilderness,
through which roads had to be cut, thus ren-
dering the trip very slow. Howard made
his first settlement in the eastern part of the
county, near Palestine, where he lived for a
number of years before moving to this town-
ship. He purchased the improvements which
Miller had made and moved his family here
in the fall of the year mentioned, and until
the time of his death in 1849 was promi-
nently identified with the development of the
township. One daughter, Mrs. Kirby, is liv-
ing in the townstiip at tlie present time.
In the spring of 18 J6 Eraslev Curtis, a na-
tive of North Carolina, immigrated to Lick-
ing, and was joined, the fall of the same year,
by James Cox, both of whom selected homes
near the central part of the township. Curtis
did not make any improvements for a number
of years, beyond erecting a rude cabin, and
was, like many of the early settlers, a hunter
and trapper. He afterward entered land near
where he located, and for about twenty-three
years was a resident of the township. Cox
came frotn Indiana, and was no credit to the
community in which he settled. He raised
a large family of boys all of whom inherited
in a marked degree their father's evil dispo-
sition and bad habits, and grew up to be the
terror of the country. Becoming implicated
in some difficulty of a serious nature, and
fearing prosecutioTi, the boys and the old man
left the country about the year 1843, and
when last heard from vrere in the State of
Missouri. Other settlers in 1836 were Will-
iam Maples, who located in section 11,
in northern part of the township; William
Cooley, a native of North Carolina, who set-
tled near the present site of Portersville,
where he made extensive improvements,
and William Goodwin who came from Indi-
ana and entered land in section 33, near
Hart's Grove. John Hart came a little later,
and entered land near the grove which bears
his name. He was born in Virginia, and
left his native State for Kentucky immedi-
ately after his marriage. He cleared a good
farm in the latter State, and lived on it for
twenty years, accumulating in the meantime
considerable property. He lost this farm
through a defect in the title, and spent all of
his hard-earned wealth lawing for its recov-
ery. After his possessions were all gone he
determined to emigrate, which he did in the
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
163
smninorof 1S33, and came with his family to
Piili-'stiiie, arrivinp^ there with iiut few shil-
lings in his poclcet. lie rented land near the
river, where he remained for two years, at
the expiration of which time he found him-
self in possession of a sufficient amount of
money to enter eighty acres of land. He
made his first entry in section 34, and moved
his family to his new home a few weeks later.
He improved a good farm, which was his
home until the year 185'^. A son, .facol) Hart,
came with his father to the country, and has
been a prominent resident of the township
for forty-nine years. He settled near Big
Creek a few years after his arrival, where he
lived for about ten years, when he sold and
moved near the western part of the township
on Willow Creek, his present place of resi-
dence.
During the year 1837 the following persons
became residents of Licking. Sargent Hill,
John Tate, William Dicks, .lames Hollowell,
" Rick " Arnold, and a man by name of Lan-
dern. Hill came from North Carolina and set-
tled in the eastern part of the county in an
earlv day. He entered land in section 25 in
this township, which is still in possession of
his descendants. Hill was a prominent citi-
zen, and his deseen(hants are among the lead-
ing and substantial business men of the coun-
ty. Tate located in the southern part of the
township in section 34, where he entered
land. He came from North Carolina in coni-
j)any with a number of other families, the
most of whom settled on the river. He lived
in the township about twenty years, when he
sold out and moved to Vandalia. Dicks was
a native of North Carolina also, but had lived
in Indiana a number of years prior to moving
to this State. He entered land in section 11
a short distance north of the village of Annap-
olis, and for twenty-five years was promi-
nently identified with the township. His
death occurred in 1857, and the place on
which he lived is at the present time owned
by the Cunningham heirs. James Hollowell
was born in Virginia, but was taken to Indi-
ana by his parents when but six years of age.
He lived in Indiana until 1836, at which time
he made a tour of observation through the
west for the purpose of selecting a home. He
went as far as Arkansas but was not satisfied
with the country, and on his return passed
through the northern part of Crawford County.
The appearance of the land here pleased him
and he entered a tract in section 11, to which
he moved a short time afterward. He brought
his family in the fall of 1837, and domiciled
them in a rude cabin which had lieen used
bv a squatter. Being a man of considerable
energv he soon had a more commodious
structure erected and a goodly number of
acres under cultivation. He was a man of
unblemished reputation and a prominent citi-
zen of the township for a period of nine years.
The old place is in possession of his son Silas
Hollowell, one of the oldest living settlers of
the township and one of its leading ritizens.
" Rick " Arnold settled near the central part
of the township, where he made a few tem-
porary improvements. Later he entered land
near the southeast part. He was a man of
considerable intelligence, and served the
county two terms as sheriff, having been
elected about the year 1838. He moved to
Missouri in the year 1848 and died in that
State a few years later. Landern located in
the northern part of the township, near the
village of Annapolis. He was an old bachelor
and a very eccentric genius, and seemed to
shun all communications with his neighbors.
He kept large droves of hogs, which he fat-
tened on the mast in the woods; from the sale
of his porkers he acquired considerable money
which he hoarded away very carefully', being
a perfect miser in his love of the " filthy lucre."
He sold all of his hogs about the fall of 1840,
and embarked in a small flal-hoat for New
164
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
Orleans, since which time nothing has been
lieard of him. The supposition is that he was
robbed and killed on the journey.
About the same time the Ibieg'MnG;' settle-
ments were being made in the northern and
southern parts of Licking. A few pioneers
made their way to the western part of the
township. Among these was John White, or
a? he was more familiarly known, "Fluker"
White. He settled in the eastern part of the
county when Palestine consisted of but few
houses, and participated in the battle which
■was fought at that place between the settlers
and Indians. In this engagement he was
shot through the body with an arrow and
given up for dead by his comrades. He ral-
lied, however, and lived a number of years to
relate his narrow escape from death at the
hands of the red-skins. His first improvement
in this township was made a little southeast
of the village of Bjllaire, where he lived until
about the year 1845, at which time his death
occurred. Jackson James settled in the same
locality about the same time, and became
possessor of a considerable tract of real estate.
Mortimer Parsons, Elijah Clark, Tobias Liv-
ingston and James Metheny were early resi-
dents in the western part of the township
near Bellaire. In addition to the settlers al-
ready enumerated the following persons found
homes within the present limits of Licking
prior to 1840: Thomas Boring settled in sec-
tion 3; Daniel Coate, northern part in section
2; James Dixou and Ezekiel Rubottom in the
same section; Jacob Mullen, section 25; Igel
Beeson in southwest part; James Boyd, sec-
tion 1; R. G. Morris, same section; Jeremiah
Willison, section 6: Uriah Hadley, section 20;
James Netherby, section 24; John Bonham
in same locality; William B. Newlin and B.
Clark, section 25, and Henry Kerby in south-
ern part on section 3. Kerby's marriage to a
daughter of John Howard's was among the
first events of the kind ever solemnized in
this township. From the year 1840 to 1850 a
tide of immigration came into the township
from Ohio, the majority of the settlers hailing
from Licking County of that State, which fact
suggested the name by which the township is
at present known.
The hardships of the early settlers in their
efforts to secure homes for themselves and
their posterity are but a repetition of those
experienced in other portions of the county,
with the exception, perhaps, that thej' were
not quite so severe, owing to settlements be-
ing made elsewhere a little earlier. But life
in this locality in the early days was hard
enough. The ground, owing to its wet nature
and the lack of necessary agricultural imple-
ments, made small crops a necessity. Corn was
the principal product, no wheat beina: raised
until a number of years had elapsed from the
date of the first settlement. The first wheat
was raised in small patches, two acres being
considered a large crop. Harvesting was
done by the old-fashioned reap hook and
sickle, neighbors helping for help in return.
Considerable attention was given to the rais-
inc of buckwheat bj^ the early settlers, and
on almost every farm could be seen a patch
of this grain, which, at thai time, could always
be sold for a good price in the maikcts of
Palestine, York and Terre Haute. Wild
honey was found in large quantities in the
woods and formed one of the chief sources of
revenue to the pioneer, as it could readily be
exchanged for dry goods and groceries at the
various market places. Bees-wax, venison
hams and deer-skins were articles of com-
merce, by means of which the pioneer farmer
was enabled to pay off many of his debts.
The early settlers of Licking obtained their
flour and meal from the older settlements in
the eastern part of the county, and it was
not until about the year 1848 that a mill was
erected within the present limits of the town-
ship. The first mill of which we have any
HISTOHY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
365
knowledge was erected by Henry Varner on
Willow Creek near the southern boundary of
the township some time during the year
mentioned. It was a rude aflfair, contained
but one buhr which had been manufactured
from a "nigger head," and was operated by
water power. The building was a small
frame structure eighteen hy twenty feet and
one story high. The mill was in operation
ahout ten years and did a very good business
considering its capacit}-. A man by name
of Tregul erected an ox-mill on his farm near
the central part of the township a few years
later, which he operated very successfully for
si-v or eigiit years. It was kept running night
and day for some time after its erection in
order to suppU' the demand made for flour.
The old building disappeared long since, and
at the present time not a vestige remains to
mark the spot it occupied.
In the year 1853 a steam flouring mill was
built about one mile west of the village of
Annapolis by Holmes & Doty. It was a
frame building two stories high, and had luit
one run of buhrs. A saw was afterward at-
tached and for several years the mill did a
very flourishing business, both in sawing and
grinding. Holmes & Doty operated it about
five years, when it was purchased by George
Dixon who run it until the year 1858, at
which time it was burned. The boiler and
most of the machinery were saved from the
fire and sold a short time afterward to M.
Vance and a man by the name of Bates, who
erected another mill of the same size in the
same locality. They operated the mill for
three years and then sold it to a man by
name of Brown, who moved the machinery
to Mississippi. A saw-mill was erected bv J.
Ward near the central part of the township
about the year 1858. It was a water mill and
did a very good business while there was
sufficient water in the creek to run the ma-
chinery. Allen Tregul purchased the mill one
year later and operated it until about the year
1868. The Annapolis steam flouring mill was
erected about the j-ear 18GT by Jerry Reese
and cost the sum of 89,000. It is a large two
story and a half frame building tliiity by
seventy feet with three run of buhrs and a
grinding capacity of about forty barrels of
flour per day. Reese sold to Johnson and
Calvin after running the mill a few years, and
in 1880 the entire interest was purchased by
.Johnson, who is the present owner. F. S.
Boyle is running the mill at the present time
and doing an extensive business.
The roads of a country are an indication
of its internal improvement. The first roads
were but Indian trails through the thick for-
est and over the prairies. As the whites came
in and settled the lands regular roadways
were established, but with no reference to
section lines. The first legal I}' established
hii'-hwav in liicking appears to have been the
Stewart Mill and York Road which was laid
out by John B. Richardson as early as the
year 1842. It passed through the eastern
part of the township in a southerly ilirection
but it has undergone so many changes during
the last forty years that it is difficult to de-
fine the original route. The Palestine and
Bellaire Road which passes through the cen-
tral part of the township from east to west
was laid out and established about the year
1845 and is still one of the leading thorough-
fares in the northern part of the county. The
Hutsonvillc and Bellaire Road, which con-
nects those two places, passes through the
northern part of the township about two and
a half miles south of the county line. It was
laid out in the year 1846 by county surveyor
Fitch, having been viewed a short time
previous by Doctor Hill, John Vance and a
man by name of Freelin. It is still a
good road and extensively traveled. Another
early highwav is the Robinson and Martinf-
ville Road which was laid out about the vcar
166
HISTORY OF CRAWFOED COUNTY.
1845 or 1846. The origin-il nuro, which has
been greatly changed, passed through the
tc)wiiship in an irregular course from north to
south. It intersects the Hutsonville and
Bellaire Road at the village of Annapolis,
about one mile west of the eastern boundary,
and is one of the best roads in the township.
A number of other roads have been estab-
lished from time to time which intersect each
other at proper intervals, and in the matter
of good highways Licking is as well supplied
as any other township in the county.
^ In educational matters the cit zens of this
township have always taken an active inter-
est, and schools were established at a very
early day. It is difficult to determine, at this
distant da)', when, where, and by whom the
first school in the township was taught, as
opinions concerning the matter are consid-
erably at variance. From the most reliable
information, however, we are safe in' saying
that "Rick" Arnold taught one of the first
terms as early a,s 1837, in a little cabin which
stood in the southern part of the township
near the Kerby farm. This cabin had been
fitted up by the few neighbors living in the
vicinity, for school purposes, and was in use
but one year. Among the first teachers was
Sarah Ann Curran, who taught in a small log
building which had been used as a residence
by the family of James Dixon. This house
stood in the northern part of the township
near the present village of Annapolis, and
was used for school purposes but one year.
Miss Curran's school numbered about twelve
pupils, and lasted three months. A man by
name of Hampton taught a term in the
southern part of the township about the year
1841, and used for the purpose a vacated
cabin which stood on the farm, at present
owned by Mr. Rausard. Hampton is remem-
bered as a good teacher, and his school, like
all others at that day, was supported by sub-
scription, and lasted about three months. In
the year 1843 there were tvs-o schools in the
township.taught respectively, by Sarah Handy
and Huldah Woods. The first named taught
in a part of .Jonathan Di.\on's residence- in
the northern part of the tow{iship, and Miss
Woods wielded the birch in an old aban-
doned dwelling about three miles southw.^st
of Annapolis. These ladies were both good
instructors, and for a number of j'oars were
identified with the schools of Licking.
Another early teacher of the township was
John Metheny, who had charge of a school
where Miss Woods taught in the year 1844.
He was a professional instructor, but had to
abandon the work on account of a serious
malady which unfitted him for teaching.
Ann Lamb taught near the village of Bellaire
the same year, and Louisa and Alice V^ance
taught near the central part of the township
a couple of years later. The first building
erected especially for school purpose was
the Mount Pleasant school-house which stood
three miles south of the village of Annapolis.
It was erected in 1846 and was in use about
thirty years. The first teacher who used it
was Elias Wilkins. The second school-house
was erected about one year later and stood
in the northeast corner of the township. It
was a hewed-log structure and served the
two-fold purpose of school and meeting-house,
having been used as a place of worship by
the Quakers for a period of ten years. It
was sold in the year 1859 and moved to
Annapolis, where it is still standing and in use
as a dwelling. The township was supplied
with free school about the year 1855, at which
time the present districts were laid off and
good frame buildings erected. Perhaps no
township in the county is better supplied
with school-houses than Licking, and it is
certain that nowhere else is there more in-
terest taken in educational matters. There
are fifteen good frame buildings, all of which
are neatly finished and well furnished, and
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUXTY.
167
schools are m:uiitained about seven months
of the year. The present township board of
education consists of the following gentle-
men: Isaac Lainl), Robert Lincoln and Peter
Welbert. Melvin Colter is clerk of the board,
and treasurer.
The Quakers are said to have been the
pioneers of religion in Licking, and a society
of them was formed in the northern part of
the township in a very early day. Tlie first
services were held at the residence of James
Dixon whose house was used as a meeting
place for seven or eight years. Among the
first members of this society were William
Dixon and wife, 1. Beeson and family, Mrs.
.lames Dixon, William Lindley and family,
Nathan Musgrove and family and Thomas
Cox a wife. A regular organization was
maintained for about twenty j'ears, and meet-
ings were held in the school-house which stood
on the Dixon farm. Owing to deaths and re-
movals the church was finally abandoned.
The last preacher was Andrev? Tomlinson.
The scattered members of the old society were
re-organized a few years ago in Hutsonville
township, where they have a strong church
and a handsome house of worship. The
Methodists organized a class at the Mount
Pleasant school-house about the year 1848 and
have maintained a society in that vicinity
ever since. They used the school-house as a
place of worship until it was torn down, and
since that time have been holding services at
the Union school-house. Atone time the or-
ganization was very strong and numbered
among its communicants the majority of the
citizens in the vicinity. It has decreased in
numbers very materially during the last fif-
teen years and at the present time the class
is but a remnant of its former self. The pas-
tor in charjre is Rev. Mr. Seeds, who is assist-
ed in the work by Rev. Mr. Cullom.
The Portersville Methodist church was or-
ganized about the year 18(33 with twenty
members. The first meetings were held in
the old log school-house in eastern part of the
village, which served the society as a place of
worship until the Union church building was
erected in 1875. The class was organized by
the Protestant Jlethodists and continued as a
church of that denomination until the year
1878, at which time it was re-organized as a
Methodist Episcopal society through the efforts
of Rev. Mr. Stauffer. Among the stated sup-
plies of the church were Revs. Jackson An-
derson, Daniel McCormick, R. Traverse, R.
Wright, J. D. Dees, Newton Stauffer, J. M.
Jackson. The pastor in charge at the present
time is Rev. S. A. Seeds. The present mem-
bership of the church is fifty-one. A good
Sundayschool is maintained during the greater
part of the year. A. J. Holmes is the efficient
superintendent.
The United Brethern Mission at Annapolis
dates its history from the year 18(36, at which
time Rev. Richard Belknap came into the
country, and at the suggestion of D. B. Shires,
and by their joint efforts a class of about fifty
members was organized. Belknap preached
two years and was succeeded by Rev. James
Page, who remained with the church one year.
Then came in regular succession Revs. Shep-
herd, Samuel Starks, John Helton, Samuel
Slusser, Ephraim Sliuey, Daniel Buzzard,
William Hillis and — Zoeler. The present
pastor is Rev. John Cardwell. A society of
the M. E. church was organized at Annapolis
a number of years ago by members of the Un-
ion church who lived considerable distances
from their place of meeting. The class was
kept until the year 1873, when it was dis-
banded and the few remaining members trans-
ferred back to the original society. In 1875
the members living in Annapolis and surround-
ing country united with a part of the class
which met at Willow church and organized a
second class in the village with a member-
• ship of twenty-three. The organization was
168
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
brought about principally by the efforts of
Dr. J. C. Mason and Rev. R. Wetherford, and
the society became a regular appointment on
the Oblong circuit. Wetherford was pastor for
one year and was followed by Rev. Ira King,
who remained on the circuit for the same
length of time. The next pastor was Rev.
Allen Bartley; then came in regular succes-
sion, Newton Stauffer, James G. Dees and John
M. Jackson. The present pastor is Rav. S.
A. Seeds, who is assisted by Kiv. J. W. Cul-
lom. There are on the records the names of
thirty-seven members in good standing, at the
present time. Services are held alternately
with the United Brethren in the Union church
building. The Union church house was
erected by the citizens of Annapolis and vi-
cinity, in the year 1875, and cost the sum of
$'3,000. The project originated with Rev. John
Anderson of Portersville, who had preached
in the villajr.3 at intervals, using the school
house for church purposes. Bjing a man of
considerable enterprise, he soon convinced the
citizens that a more suitable place for wor-
ship was needed, and money enough vvas soon
collected to complete the work. The build-
ing is a neat frame structure, 33xiS feet,
with a seating capacity of about three hun-
dred. It was finished and dedicated in Au-
gust of the year referred to.
The Christian Church of Portersville was
organized in the year 1875, bv Elder Wood,
with twelve members. The following pastors
have preached fqr the society at different
times since its organization: William Beadle,
Elders McCash, Lockhart, Couner, Boor and
Grimm. The church at the present time is
in a flourishing condition, and numbers about
seventy communicants; services are held every
liOrd's day. The Portersville church edifice
was erected in the year 1875 by the public at
large for general religious purposes. It is a
frame building 35x50 feet, and cost the sura
of $1,500. The house is open to all denomi-
nations and at the present time is used by the
Methodists and Christians alternately.
The West Harmony Christian Church was
organized a number of years ago near White's
Piairie in the western part of the township.
The society is in good condition and numbers
among its members soma of the best citizens
of the community. The neat temple of wor-
ship used by the congregation was erected
about seven j'ears ago.
The villiige of Bollaire is situated in the
•western part of the township on section 14, and
dates its history from the year 1844. The
necessity of the village was created by the
distance of that localitv from any trading
points, and partly through a spirit of specu-
lation by which the proprietor was actuated.
The first store in the place was kept by John
Rym, who erected a small hewed log house
for the purpose a short time after the town
was platted. He did a good business for
about six years when the building burned to
the ground anil completely destroyed his stock
of goods. With the assistance of the neigh-
bors in the localitv, another house was soon
al'terw ird erecti;d and Ryan em'iarked for
the' second time in the mercantile business.
Hi continued but a short time, when he moved
his goods away. Much against the wishes of
the neighbors, who assisted in building his
house with the expectation that he would re-
main with them. John Brown started a store
soon afterward, which he kept for a number
of years in the Ryan building and did a very
good business. He sold his goods at auction
and left the village after becoming dissatisfied
with the place. A few months later, Catron
Preston enlarged the old store-house and
stocked it with a large miscellaneous assort-
mjnt of merchandise. He kept a very good,
store for about fifteen years when he moved
his goods to Granville, Jasper Countv. Ma-
rion Dougherty was the next merchant in the
village, and continued in business until a few
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COL'XTY.
169
years aj^o, when he was succeeded by a man
named Mills. The villat^e at the present time
is a mere h.imlet containing a couple of dozen
houses and three stores, kept respectively by
John Pearson, Benjamin Purdell and Nicho-
las Fi'ssler.
In the year 18j'2 Richard Porter settled on
the southeast quarter of section 36 in the
eastern part of the township where he en-
ojaged in the blackstnithino: Inisiness. About
one \ear later Doctor ilcAlister of Hutson-
ville l)ought a lot of Porter on which lie
erected a dwelling, and an office for the pur-
pose of being nearer the central part of his
extensive practice. The blacksmith shop
and the physician's office, together with sev-
eral houses that had been built near by, gave
the place a local prominence, and a small vil-
lage soon sprang into existence. In 1854
Porter sold his land to Catron Preston and
Catlin Cullers, who laid out the town of Ber-
lin the same year. Henry Leggett was one
of the first to purchase real estate in the new
village, which he did soon after the town was
laid out, and at once commenced the erection
of a store-room and dwelling. This building
was a small log structure and was used by
I-eggett, who kppt a little grocerv in it for
two years. In the year 1856 Hamilton Sil-
vers built a frame store-house in the village
which he stocked with a general assortment
of goods. He was in the mercantile business
about one year and six months, when he sold
out to a man by name of Perry, who in turn
disposed of the stock to Horace Graves, after
running the store for a short time. Graves
did a fair business for about two years, when
he was succeeded by his son-in-law William
Linelnirger, who sold goods until the year
186"J. The village is pleasantly located
on the Palestine and B.,'Ilaire roa 1 and lias a
population of about one hundred souls. Its
business interest is represented bv one good
dr^' goods and grocery store kept by Morris
and Markwell — a flour exchange, one drug
store and a blacksmith and wagon shop.
The name of Portersville by which the village
is commonly known was given the place in
compliment of Richard Porter the original
owner of the land.
The Portersville Grange was organized in
the year lSi3 witii a membership of sixteen;
meetings were held in the school-house until
the 1875, since which time the Union church
building has been used as a meeting place.
The present officers of the lodge are G. W.
Pleasant, master; A. J. Holmes, overseer;
D. W. Faught, sect.; Isaac Lamb, treas.; W.
W. Hall, chaplain; Jasper Faught, steward;
John Lineburger, gate-keeper; Mrs. Jane
Watson, Pomona; Mrs. Tabitha Lineburger,
Ceres; Mrs. Abott, Flora; and Mrs. Belle
Woods, lady ass't steward.
A. G. Murkey came to the township in the
year 18 j6 and located in the eastern part at
the crossing of the Hutsonville and Martins-
ville roads on section 12, where he started a
small store.
The Corners, as the place was called, became
quite a trading point for the farmers of the
surrounding country by affording an easy
market for their produce which Murkey would
haul to Terre Haute and exchange for mer-
chandise. About one year and a half later
Thomas Spencer moved into the locality from
Ohio and purchased a tract of land lying in
sections Vz and 13, on which he laid out the
village of Spencerville in December, 1858.
The scheme was purely a speculative venture
on the part of Spencer who saw, as he thought,
a fortune in the prospective city. Among
the first to purchase real estate in the village
were Andrew Myers, Lorenzo Price, — Cau-
horn, Richard Porter and Doctor Lowler.
The platting of the town, and the influx of
population caused thereby, gave new impetus
to the mercantile business and several stores
were soon in successful operation. Murkey
170
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
continued in business with good success until
the year 1883. The second store in the vil-
lage was started bv Oijlesbv a short time
alter the lots were laid out, and was kept in a
small building which had been used for a
shoe-shop. This store was continued about
two years when the proprietor moved the
goods to Brazil, Indiana. J. F. Johnson
erected a large frame store house in the year
1869, wiiich he stocked with merchandise to
the amount of several thousand dollars, and
has continued the business very successfully
ever since. A third store was brought to the
village about the year 1873 by William
Wheeler, who sold goods about six years,
when he disposed of the stock to Jacob Myers.
In October, 1879, a second village called An-
napolis was laid out just west of Spencerville,
which it joins. The proprietors of the new
town were Silas and Sarah Ilollowell. At the
present time both places are known as Annap-
olis and comprise a population of about two
hundred inhabitants. The village is sur-
rounded by an excellent agricultural district,
and its future is very promising. The busi-
ness of the place is represented by three
stores of general merchandise kept respect-
ively by J. F. Johnson, Mrs. Murphy and
Jacob L. Myers; one grocery store by George
Newlin; two small notion stoi'es, and one good
drug store; G. L. Baker keeps a wagon shop
and an undertaking establishment; James
Hill, blacksmith; C. M. Stauffer, harness
maker, and O. E. Page, general repair shop.
There is one hotel in the village kept by G.
L. Baker.
Crawford Lodge No. 66G A. F. and A. M.
was organized October, 1871, with the follow-
ing charter members: Edward A.Bali, Will-
iam H. Joseph, S. H. Newlin, Joel L. Cox,
Thomas G. Athey, James Bennett, T. P. Bar-
low, Richard Laney, R. L. Holmes, M. P.
Rackerby, Henry Stephens, William Laugh-
ery, Juhn L. Mount, John W. Bline, E. S.
Rathbone ami D. D. Bishop. The first offi-
cers were Joel L. Cox, W. M.; Thomas G.
Athey, S. W., and James Bennett, J. W.
The officers in charge at the present time are
T. G. Athey, W. M.; J. L. Myers, S. W.;
M. T. Vance, J. W,; J. C. Griffith, S. D.;
J. N. Thornburg, J. D.; William H. Joseph,
Sect.; J. W. Bline, Treas.;C. H. Price, Tyler.
The Lodge is not in as good condition as
formerly, and at the present time numbers
only eighteen members. The hall in which
the lodge meets was erected in the year 1871
and cost $250.
CHAPTER XV.
OBLONG TOWN?HIP-PHYSICAL FEATURES-SOIL AND PRODUCTIONS-THE COMING
THE PIONEERS-DEVELOPMENT OF THE CODNTRY-EAKLY INDUSTRIES-
KOADS AND MILLS-VILLAGE OF OBLONG-CHURCH HISTORY
-EARLY SCHOOLS-PATRONS OF HUSBANDRY.
OF
"But long years have flown o'er these scenes of the
past,
And many have turned gray in the winter's cold
blast;
While others only think of the time that is gone;
They are bent by the years that are fast rolling on."
HE who svttempts to present v?ith unvary-
ing accuracy, the annals of a county, or
even of a district, no larger than a township,
the history of which reaches back through a
period of more than a half centurj', imposes
upon himself a task beset with many difficul-
ties. These difficulties are often augmented
by statements widely at variance furnished by
descendants of early settlers, as data from
which to con'pile a true and faithful record of
past events. To claim for a work of this
character perfect freedom from error would
be to arrogate to one's self that degree of wis-
dom not possessed by mortal man. To give
facts, and facts only, should be the aim and
ambition of him who professes to deal with
the past; and in the pages which follow we
incline to those statements supported by the
greater weight of testimony. In the western
part of Crawford County lies a prairie which
on account of its peculiar shape was named by
the early settlers who located near it. Oblong,
a name afterward applied to the township
which forms the subject of the following
pages. This township lies in the west central
part of the county and embraces a geograph-
* By G N. Berry.
ical area of fifty-six square miles of territory
being eight miles in extent from north to
south and seven miles from the eastern to
the western limits. Surrounding it on the
northeast and south are the townships of
Licking, Robinson and Martin, respectively,
while Jasper County on the west make up
the complete boundary. A number of
streams traverse the township, among which
may be noticed Big Creek, North Fork, Dog
Wood, Willow and Muddy Creeks. Big
Creek, which affords the principal drainage of
the eastern part, enters the township near the
northeast corner, flows a southwesterly direc-
tion and crosses the southern boundary in
section 17. It is a stream of considerable
size and importance and flows through a well-
wooded and somewhat broken section of
country. Tlic North Fork flows a southerly
course through the extreme western part of
the township and receives a number of afllu-
ents, the principal of which is Willow Creek.
The last-named stream, waters the northwest
corner of the township, flows a southerly
course and empties into North Fork near the
county line, in -section 30. Dog Wood
branch rises in Licking Township, flows a
southwesterly course through Oblong and emp-
ties into Big Creek, in section 17, about a half
mile from the southern boundary. The face
of the country presents no scenes of rugged
grandeur, but rather the quiet beauty of
rounded outlines of surface, clothed with
grassy plains, and forests, often arranged in
174
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTV.
piirk-like order. About one half of the town-
ship was originally woodland, the timbered
portion being confined principally to the
eastern and western parts and to the water
courses enumerated. The timber found
growing here is similar to that of other parts
of the county, and consists of walnut in limit-
ed quantities; sugar maple along the creeks,
elm, ash, hickory, sassafras and the difFer(?nt
varieties of oak common to this part of the
State. Much of the best timber in the town-
ship has long since disappeared, and many of
the finest farms were originally covered with
a heavy forest growth. Oblong Prairie, to
which reference has already been made, oc-
cupies a scope of territory in the western part
of the township, embracing an area of about
ten sections, while Willow Prairie includes a
similar amount of land in the northern and
central portions. Small prairies are found at
intervals in the southern and southeastern
parts of the township, all of which are desig-
nated by names peculiar to their localities.
The soil of the wooded portion is a rich gray
loam underlaid with a clay subsoil, which
renders it susceptible of enduring a continued
drouth. The prairie soil is darker, very fer-
tile and well adapted for general farming and
grazing. Agriculture is the chief resource of
the people, tlie great majority of whom own
land, and perhaps in no division of the county
are there as few renters as in this township.
One happy fact upon which the citizens of
Oblong are to be congratulated, is that there
are no large tracts of land owned by single
individuals, to retard the country's develop-
ment.
The settlement of this part of the county
dates back to the year 1830, when Lott Watts
made the first permanent improvement in the
hitherto undisturbed forest. Previous to his
arrival, however, a number of persons had
traversed the country on tours of inspection
for the purpose of selecting homes, but at the
date mentioned no family appears to have
been living within the present limits of the
township. Watts was a native of Tennessee
and immigrated to this State a few years prior
to 1830, settling first a short distance north-
east of Robinson, where he became the pos-
sessor of eighty acres of land, which he after-
ward sold to Judge Kitchell. He located in
the southern part of the township and made
the first entry of land in section 6, one year
after his arrival. He was a man of consider-
able note and, in recognition of his worth the
precinct of which Oblong originally formed a
part, was named in compliment to him,
" Watts Precinct." At the first election he
was unanimously called to the office of justice
of the peace and later was elected associate
county judjje, a position he filled very cred-
itably. He was a resident of the township
until the time of his death in 1854. Robert
Watts, a brother of the preceding, came to
the county the same year and located in the
same locality. He settled in this township
about the year 1831, on land at present in
possession of William Wood, on which he
lived until 1871, at which time his death oc-
curred. In company with Robert Watts came
Jesse and Jeremiah York, who were followed
in the latter part of the same year by Jesse
Eaton. Jesse York came from Tennessee
and had lived several years in the vicinity of
Robinson before moving to this part of the
county. He improved eighty acres in the
southwest part of the township which he
afterward entered. " Uncle " Jesse, as he
was familiarly called by the early settlers, was
a man of character and influence in the little
pioneer community, and did much both by
precept and example to improve the morals
of his neighbors, many of wlioin stood in
special need of culture in that direction. He
was a pious member of tl e Methodist church
and opened his house for the first religious
services ever held in the township. In the
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
175
year 18.J3 he sold his farm to a man l)y name
of Poarce and moved to the northern part of
the State, and later to Missouri whore he died
several years nsn. Jeremiah York vvas a
cousin of Jesse and a native of the same
State. He settled near the southern limit of
the township on land which he entered four
years later, and was identified with this part
of the county until the year 1865. The farm
on which he located is at the present time
owned and occupied by H. Larabee.
Jesse Eaton settled on North Fork near the
western boundary of tlie township, where he
made a few temporary impiovements on
government land. lie lived in that locality
a couple of years when he left his improve-
ments and moved to the northeastern part of
the township, whore he afterward entered
land and resided until the year 1863. Eaton
was a minister of the Old School Baptist
church and preached at different places
throughout the township during the early
years of its histor}'. In the year 183-4 " Arch "
York and Ezekiel York, relations of Jesse
and Jeremiah York, found homes in the town-
ship, the first named settling in the southern
part near the Watts farm, where he lived
until the year 1855 when he sold out and
moved to Missouri. Ezekiel became posses
sor of a good farm in the same locality, which
he retained until 1868, at which time he dis-
posed of his possessions and followed his
brother west. In striking contrast to the set-
tlers enumerated, who were all miMi of princi-
ple and high moral worth, was George Miller,
a squatter who settled in the northeastern
part of the township about the year ISo-l.
Miller hailed from Kentucky and belonged to
that class of characters generally found on the
outskirts of civilization, where departure from
a community is always looked upon as a hap-
py omen. In him were combined the quali-
ties of the successful hunter and trapper in a
marked degree, to whicii were added the ani-
mal strength and low cunning so essential to
the bully and frontier rough. He maintained
his family principally by hunting, but did not
scruple to supply his larder from his neigh-
bors' smoke-houses when favorable occasions
presented themselves. He lived for some
time in Licking Township and afterward
moved to the western part of the county on
North Fork, where he died about t!ie year
1863. Another character deserving of spe-
cial mention and similar in many respects to
the one referred to, was .James Watts, a son
of Robert Watts. He came to the country in
company with his father and soon acquired a
wide-spread reputation as a hunter and back-
woods fighter. He was daring almost to fool-
hardiness, and many are the adventurous
exploits related of him. He afterward mar-
ried a daughter of William Wilson, built a
small cabin on his father's farm and spent the
latter years of his life trapping, at which pur-
suit he acquired considerable means.
In the year 1836 the following persons witli
their families were added to the townshiji's
population: Greenberry Eaton, John Salis-
bury, Elijah and John Smith. Eaton settled
in section 36, a short distance north of the
village of Oblong, where he entered land the
same year of his arrival. He was a cooper
and found plenty of work at his trade in sup-
plying the neighljors with barrels, tubs and
buckets, articles which they had hitherto ac-
customed themselves to do without. He sold
h!s place to Reuben Leach in the year 1851,
and moved from the township. Salisbury was
a native of Germany, but came to Illinois
from Indiana. He. settled in section 10
about two and a half miles north of Oblong
village, where by industry and almost nig-
gardly economy he acquired a valuable tract
of real estate. His only object seems to
have been money, and ho possessed a nature
totally devoid of any refining quality. His
close dealings, together with the cruel treat-|
176
HISTORY OF CRAWFOltU COLTXl'V.
ment of his wife and children, gave him a very-
unenviable reputation in the community, and
his friends were few and far between. The
Smitii brothers were Kentuckians and men of
roving tendencies. Elijah made his first set-
tlement in southern part of the township on
Dogwood Creek, where he remained but a
short time, afterward moving about from place
to place with no definite place of residence.
John was of an adventurous nature, and spent
the greater part of his time in hunting, which
afiforded his chief amusement and the main-
tenance of his family as ■well. Another
brotlier, .Tames Smith, came in a short time
afterward, and settled east of Oblong, where
lie became the possessor of forty acres of land.
He was a good man, and served as constable
in an early day, being one of the first in the
precinct to fill that office. Prominently iden-
tified with the early history and development
of Oblong was Joseph Wood, whose settle-
ment in the township dates back to the year
1839. Wood was born in Virginia, but
moved to Vincennes, Indiana, as early as the
year 1809, traveling all the way horseback,
and packing the few household goods the
same way. He remained at Vincennes about
one year and a half, when, thinking there
were better lands and more favorable chances
further west, he moved to this State and set-
tled near Palestine. During the Indian troub-
les he served as a "ranger" alongr the Wa-
ft C5
bash, and engaged in several bloody bouts
with the redskins. It is related that upon one
occasion he and a companion were so hard
pressed by the Indians that they were com-
pelled to go three days without tasting a mor-
sel of food. The Indians relaxed the pursuit
on the fourth day, which gave the rangers an
opportunity to rest and seek some nourish-
ment. The latter was afforded by a coon,
which was cooked and greedil}' eaten with-
out the use of salt or other condiments. Wood
said it was the most delicious. repast he
ever ate in his life. At the close of the In-
dian troubles Wood settled near Palestine,
and engaged in farming and stock raising.
He afterward located in the vicinity of Rob-
inson, where he lived until 1839, when, be-
coming dissatisfied with the country on ac-
count of the milk-sick, which proved a seri-
ous hindrance to his stock, he moved to Ob-
long Township. He settled southeast of the
village of Oblong near Big Creek, in section
3, where he made his first entry of land. He
afterward entered land at dift'erent places in
the township, until he became the owner of
more than two thousand acres. He was a
man of considerable prominence, and died in
the year 1866. The old homestead is at the
present time owned by his sons, J. H. and
Robert Wood, both of whom aie prominent
citizens and men of character. Another son,
William Wood, came to the township in com-
pany with his father, and has been one of its
leading citizens ever since. His place of
residence is situated about one mile east of
Oblong on the Vandalia State road. Other
settlements were made in 18 J9 by Richard
Lecky, a son-in-law of Wood, who located
near the eastern boundary in section 3. D. F.
Hale, a native of New York, who entered
land in northeastern part. Abraham Wal-
ters who located in same vicinity. John
Holingsworth in section 33, and Reily York,
who made improvements in southern part of
the township on section 18. Later came
George JeEFers, who entered land in section
27, which lie afterward sold to William Hill.
James Boatright, a native of Tennessee, who
located a farm in section 23, in the eastern
part of the township. Ira King, a native of
■New York, who settled where the widow
Henry now lives in section 27. William Wil-
son, who settled in section 31, where he pur-
chased land of John Holingsworth and John
McCrillis, an Ohioan, who located in section
''32, east of the village of Oblong, where he
HISTORY OF CIIAWFORD COUXTY.
177
improved a fine farm, and operated a tan
vard. Other settlers came in from time to
time, and by the year 1850, all the vacant
lands were taken up and the township well
populated, the majority of the imrai2;rants
being from the States of Ohio and Indiana.
The carving of a home in a new and unde-
veloped country a half century ago, was a
task from which the most of us at the present
day would be willing to shrink. Savages
were still to be seen, and wild animals both
fierce and dangerous were plenty, and roamed
the forests and prairies everywhere. Pro-
visions, except game, were scarce. None of
the luxuries and but few of the comforts of
life were to be had. For years the pioneer's
home was a rude log cabin of the most primi-
tive type, and his food and raiment were
equally poor; and yet the early settler was
happy and enjoyed his wilderness life. There
are those still living in Oblong who remem-
ber the rude log cabin with its stick chimney
and puncheon floor, the spinning wheel and
the loom. These rough times, together with
tlie relics of a pioneer age, have passed away,
and the country, where a few years ago they
reigned supreme, is now the cradle of plenty
and the home of education, progress and
wealth.
The pioneer's attention is first of all direct-
ed to the im])ortance of a mill, and one of the
first cares is the erection of some kind of rude
contrivance to provide his family with the
stafT of life. The first mill within the present
limits of Oblong was erected by George Miller
near the northern boundary of the township
as early as the year 18;)2. It was a horse
mill and when kept running constantly could
grind about fifteen bushels of corn per day.
Miller operated it but a few years when it foil
into disuse on account of other mills being
erected in different parts of the country.
Richard Eaton built a water mill on the North
Furk in the western part of the township
about the year 1833. The building was frame,
its dimensions about twenty by thirty feet,
and two stories high. It was a combination
mill and for a number of years did a very
good business both in grinding and sawing.
Joseph Wood erected a mill in section 34 in
the eastern part of the township about the
year 1840. It was a combination mill, had
one buhr and could grind when kept running
steady about one hundred bushels of grain
per day. It was a frame building 20 by 32
feet, and two stories high. It was operated
by the water of Big Creek and was kept run-
ning about sixteen years when the machinery
was removed and the building torn down.
The Oblong steam flouring mill was built in
18(59 by John Miller, who was unable to com-
plete it on account of a financial embarrass-
ment. It was purchased by Wood and Con-
drey the same year, who finished the enter-
prise, which proved a very successful venture,
by supplying a long-felt want in the com-
munity. The building occupies a space of
ground 30x40 feet, is two stories and a half
high, and was erected at a cost of §3,000.
Wood and Condrey operated the mill as part-
ners about two years and a half, when the
entire interest was purchased by the former,
who sold to Joel Zeigler one year later.
Zeigler ran it two years when he disposed of it
to W. and P. Condrey. It afterward passed
into the hands of Levi Stump, who in turn
sold out to the Kirtland brothers, the present
proprietors, about the year 1879. It was
thoroughly remodeled and furnished with new
and improved machinery in the year 1881,
and at the present time is considered one of
the best mills in the county. It has three run
of buhrs, with a grinding capacity of fifty
barrels per day, and does both custom and
merchant work.
Among the early Industries of Oblong was
a distillery which stood in the northeast cor-
ner of the township. It was built b}' a man
178
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
by name of Barlow about the year 1849, but
did not prove very remunerative, and was
abandoned a few years later. A wagon and
general repair shop was erected in an early
day about two miles east of Oblong Village
by Robert Tindolph, who worked at his trade
in that locality for two years. A number of
wagons made at this shop are still to be seen
in various parts of the country. The first
blacksmith shop in the township was built
about the year 1852 and stood in the northern
part near the Barlow distillery. It was built
by Jesse Barlow, who operated it very suc-
cessfully for four or five years. John
McCrillis opened a tan yard on his farm east
of the village of Oblong in the year 1857,
which he operated until 1863. A very good
article of leather was made at this yard, and
during the time the business was carried on it
returned a fair profit to the proprietor. A
second tan yard was afterward started in the
village by David McCrillis, who conducted
the business on a more extensive scale. He
continued it, however, but two years when he
abandoned the business to engage in other
pursuits.
The first legally established highway in
Oblong is the Vandalia State road which
passes through the central part of the town-
ship from east to west. It was laid out about
the year 1831, and has been since that time
one of the principal thoroughfares of the
county. The range line road which crosses
the township from north to south was sur-
veyed about the year 1852. It intersects the
Vandalia road at the village of Oblong, and
is the second road of importance in the town-
ship. The Stewart's Mill and York road was
laid out in a very early day through the east-
ern part of the township. It passes through
the county in a northeasterly direction, but
has undergone so many changes in the past
twenty years that it would be difficult to de-
scribe its original course. Another earlv road
known as the Henry road crosses the northern
part of the township and was laid out for the
purpose of connecting Hanner's mill in Jasper
county with Robinson. Other roads have
been established from time to time, all of
which are well improved and kept in good
condition. The condition of the country
during certain seasons renders traveling over
these highway's exceedingly difficult on ac-
count of the mud, but such is the nature of the
soil that it dries out very rapidly after the
frost leaves the ground. The S., E. and S. E.
narrow gauge railroad passes from east to west
through the central part of the township. It
was completed in the year 1880, but up to
the present time has proved of little benefit
to the country. Its history will be found more
fully given in another chapter.
In 1853 D. W. OJell built a store-house at
the crossing of the range line and Vandalia
roads, near the central part of the township,
and engaged in the mercantile business. The
distance of the locality from any town — the
nearest market-place being about ten miles
away — gave the "cross-roads" quite a repu-
tation, and Odell's store soon had a large run
of customers. Other families settled in the
vicinity from time to time, and within a few
years quite a thriving little village sprang
into existence. Among the first who pur-
chased real estate and located at the " cross-
ing" were John B. Smith and Joel Zeigler,
two blacksmiths, who erected a shop shortly
after their arrival. David McCrillis was an
early settler in the village also, and worked
very diligently for the success of the place.
A second store was started about the year
1855 b}' Lucas and Pearson who erected a
building for the purpose a short distance west
of Odell's building on the west Fide of the
range line road. The firm did a good busi-
ness for about two years when they sold the
house and moved their stock to Greenfield,
Indiana. In 1S58 William Wood erected a
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
179
two-story brick business house in the central
part of the village which he stocked with a
lar^e assortment of sreneral merchandise.
The presence of this store gave additional im-
portance to the place and it soon gained the
reputation of being one of the best trading
points in the southern part of the county.
Wood sold goods about four years when he
disposed of his stock to John Smith, who did a
flourishing business until the year 18G7, at
which time the store was purchased by Will-
iam Parker of Robinson. Parker increased
the stock and continued the business about
two vears when he was succeeded by Wood,
Arnold & Muchmore. The firm was after-
ward changed to Muchmore & McKnight who
are doing business at the present time. Odell
sold goods uninterruptedly for twenty years
■when, becoming tired of the business, he closed
out to the Gooch brothers, who have had
charge of the store since 187o. In the mean-
time the population of the place had con-
stantly increased and at the earnest solicita-
tion of the citizens of the village and sur-
rounding country the town was regularly laid
out and platted in the year 1872. It is sit-
uated in the southwest corner of section 31 of
town 7, range 13 west, and was surveyed by
A. W. Gordon for D. W. Odell, proprietor,
and named Oblong.
Shortly after the village was platted a num-
ber of lots were sold and several buildings
erected among which was the business house
af McQuillis & Buff situated on lot V2, north
of Main street. Wirt and Wood built a fine
brick store house north of Main Street near
the central part of the town in the year 1883.
It cost about S'2,500, and at the present time
is occupied by the large general store of
Zachariah Wirt. The village at the present
time has a population of about three hundred
and twenty, and supports the following busi-
ess: three large general stores, three grocery
stores, one furniture store, one millinery store,
two drug stores, two blacksmith shops, two
carpenter shops, three grain houses, one under-
taking establishment, two butcher shops, one
shoe shop, two harness shops and one barber
shop. There are two hotels in the town, the
Oblong and Cottage Houses, kept respectively
by William J. OJell and William Runkle.
The locality is said to be a very healthy one,
yet despite this fact the following medical
gentlemen reside in the village and practice
their profession in the town and surrounding
country: T. J. Edwards, H. C. Kibby, M. E.
Ratferty and W. R. Dale. The Oblong post-
office was established in the year 1851 and
D. W. Odell appointed postmaster. The
present postmaster is D. C. Condrej'.
The Oblong City Lodge No. 644 A., F. &
A. M. was organized October, 1870. The
charter was granted by Grand Master H. G.
Reynolds and contains the following names:
D. Z. Condrey, J. D. Smith, William Wood,
Manuel Beaver, Benjamin F. Buff, John J.
Burton, Henry M. Barlow, M. Cawood, Thom-
as J. N. Dees, Joseph C. Hughes, William
Larabee, Hiram Larabee, James McKnight,
James G. McKnight, George McCriUis, Hiram
McCrillis and George Routt. The first offi-
cers were D. Z. Condrey, W. M.; John U.
Smith, S. W., and William Wood, J. W. The
officers in charge at present are T. J. Ed-
wards, W. M.; Clinton Cawood, S. W.; M. E.
Rafferty, J. W.; R. H. xMcKnight, Trcas.;
Zachariah Wirt, Sect.; L. R. Bowman, S. D.;
C. D. Condrey, J. D.; J. R. McKnight, Tiler;
M. L. James, Chaplain.; Marion Blake, S. S.;
and B. F. Byerly, J. S. Meetings -were held
in hall over Muchmore & McKnight's store
until the year 1875, when the place of meeting
was changed to Wirt & Wood's hall which
had been fitted up for the purpose. In 1878
the lodge was moved back to the hall first
used which has been the meeting place ever
180
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
since. At the present time tlie lodge is in a
flourishing condition and numbers thirty-five
members.
The Gospel was introduced into this town-
ship by the pioneers themselves, and long be-
fore churches were built religious services
were held in their cabins, and when the
weather permitted, in groves. When no min-
ister was present at these meetnigs, some one
accustomed to "praying in public" would
read a chapter in the holy book, offer a prayer
to the Most High, after which the exercises
were of a more general nature, consisting of
singing, praying and " telling experiences,"
in which all who felt religiously inclined were
at liberty to participate. As their numbers
and wealth increased societies were organized,
church buildings erected in different sections
of the country, and ministers employed.
Just when or where the first church edifice
was erected in Oblong is not known, unless
it was the old Mount Comfort church, which
stood near the southern boundary of the
township. A society of the Methodist church
was organized in that vicinity a number of
years ago, with a large membership. Meet-
ings were held at private residences and
school-houses until about the year 1860, when
steps were taken to erect a house of worship.
Ralph Johnson donated ground for the pur-
pose, and citizens of the neighborhood took
an active pari by contributing both work and
money toward the enterprise. The building
"was a hewed log structure, very comfortably
finished, and was used as a meeting place
about twenty years. The society, at one time
in such flourishing condition, gradually di-
minished in numbers, until it was found im-
possible to maintain an organization. The
class was finally disbanded and the building
allowed to fall into decay. Among the early
pastors of this church were William St. Clair,
C. C. English, Noll, John Leeper, J.
P. Rutherford, and Wallace. The
Oblong class was organized in the year 1850
at the house of Owen Jarrett, with the follow-
ing members: Isaac Dulanev and wife, Owen
Jarrett and wife, and Lj^dia Leech. The
first accessions after the organization were
David Caudman and wife, who joined the
society at the second meeting. The organi-
zation was effected by the labors of Rev.
William St. Clair, at that time on the Rob-
inson circuit, who preached for the congrega-
tion two years. He was succeeded by John
Leeper who had charge of the circuit one
year. Then came in regular succession John
Taylor, Noll, Williamson, Woolard, Butler,
Bonner, Hennessee and English. The pres-
ent pastor is Rev. S. A. Seeds, who is assist-
ed by John CuUora. The residences of Owen
Jarrett and David Caudman were used as
places of worship until the Oblong school-
house was built, when the organization was
transferred to the village. Services were
held in the school- house about ten vears,
when the Baptists erected their house of wor-
ship which has served as a meeting place for
both denominations ever since. The society
was attached to the Oblong circuit alj^ut ten
years ago, and at the present time has upon
its records the names of forty members.
The Prairie Methodist Church is located in
the northern part of the township, and dates
its history from the year 1857, at which time
their first house of worship was erected. It
was a neat frame building, about forty by
fifty feet, and cost the sum 81,500. The
society was organized by Rev. John Leeper,
a master of the Gospel, well known in Craw-
ford County, and a man of considerable abil-
ity and untiring industry. Under his labors,
about si.xty members were gathered into the
church shortly after the organization, but as
the original records could not be obtained none
of their names were learned. Their building
was used as a place of worship until the year
1879, when it was abandoned. At that time
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
181
the memborship was scattered over such an
extent of country tliiit it was found expedi-
ent to divide the society into two distinct or-
ganizations, which was done the same year
by mutual consent of all parties interested.
The members living in the vicinity of the old
church met for worship at the prairie school-
house, while those living west formed them-
selves into what is known as the Dogwood
class, and held religious services in a school-
house of the same name. In the year 1881
the two societies divided the old church prop-
erty, and erected houses of worship, which
arc known as the Dogwood and Prairie
churches. They are both fine frame build-
ings 38x42 feet, and cost about $1,100 each.
The Prairie church numbers fifty-six com-
municants at the present time, while the
records of the Dogwood chapel contain the
names of sixty-seven members in good stand-
ing. Both churches maintain good Sunday
schools, which are well attended. The fol-
lowing pastors have preached for the churches
since the reorganization in 1879: Revs.
Leeper, Taylor, Hardakor, Sapington, St.
Clair, ^^^ool'ii'd, English, Glatz, Lopas,
Grant,' Carson, Waller, Reeder, Rutherford,
Harrington, King, Bartley, Stanfer, Dee,
Jackson, Seeds and Cullom. The last two be-
ing pastors in charge at the present time.
The Wirt Chapel Christian Church was or-
ganized by Elder G. W. Ingersoll, at the
Wirt school-house in the year 1862. The
school-house served the congregation for a
meeting place until 1875, when their present
temple of worship was erected. Their build-
ing is frame, 30x36 feet, cost $900, and
stands in the western part of the township,
two and three-quarter miles southwest of Ob-
long, on land donated by Mrs. Deborah Og-
den. Elder Ingersoll had pastoral charge of
the church until the year 1873, at which time
he resigned. The second pastor was Elder
Daniel Conner, the exact length of whose
pastorate was not ascertained. Elder Daniel
Gray succeeded Conner, and preached very
acceptably for a couple of years. The pres-
ent membership is about thirty-six, it having
started with ten. A good Sunday school is
maintained in connection with the church,
which at the present time is under the effi-
cient management of Jacob AVirt, superin-
tendent. Among the early preachers of the
township were Daniel Doly, Richard New-
port, Daniel Parker and Thomas Canady,
Baptist ministers, who held services at Ob-
long Village at intervals for a number of years.
A few members of that denomination resided
in the village and vicinity, and organized
themselves into a society November 2, 1872
The organization was brought about princi-
pally by the efforts of William H. Smith and
D. W. Odell, and the following names record-
ed as constitutional members: John B.
Smith, Nancy Smith, Eliza Ellis, Blanche
Gill, Samuel R. Mock, Amelia Mock, Chris-
tina EofF, Margaret Eaton, D. W. Odell and
Margaret Odell. William H. Smith has been
pastor of the church since its organization.
There are eighteen members belonging at the
present time. The house of worship where
the society meets, was erected a short time
prior to the organization, on ground donated
b}' D. W. Odell. It is a neat frame structure,
stands in the eastern part of the village, and
represents a value of about $600. The pres-
ent trustees are John B. Smith, D. W. Odell
and Samuel R. Mock. The Universalist
Church of Olilong was organized in the spring
of 1873, by Rev. Harris, with a membership
of about twenty persons. Eft'orts were im-
mediately put on foot to erect a house of
worship, and a building committee, con-
sisting of D. Z. Condrey, E. Ubank, T. J.
Price, J. H. Watts and John King appointed.
This committee purchased ground of William
Wurtzburger in the western part of the vil-
lage, and work at once began on the building.
182
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
The house, which is a frame erlifice 26x30
feet, >\-as completed in the summer of 1873,
at a cost of $700. Rev. Harris, the first pas-
tor, preached two years and was succeeded
by Rev. C. C. NefF, who remained with the
church three years. Then came Rev. M. L.
Pope, who ministered to the congregation
about two years, and was in turn followed by
Rev. S. S. Gibb, the present pastor. The
present membership is about forty.
In educational matters the citizens of this
township have always taken a lively interest,
and schools were established shortly after the
first settlers made their appearance. The first
school-house, as near as could be ascertained,
stood on the west side of Oblong Prairie near
the North Fork, and was built some time
prior to 1836. Among the first teachers who
wielded the birch in this rude domicile
was one James Smith; the names of other
early teachers who dignified this frontier
college with their presence have unfor-
tunately been forgotten. The second school-
house was a hewed log building and a decided
improvement on the one described. It was
erected about the year 1837 and stood near
the Oblong grave-yard. It was first used by
a man by name of Fithian who taught a three
months' term in the winter of 1837 and 1838
with an attendance of about fifteen pupils.
Among the early teachers who taught in the
same place are remembered Samuel Crump-
ton, John M. Johnston, Levi James, J. H.
Price, and Peter Long. The house was in
use until the year 1863 when it was aban-
doned as being no longer fit for school pur-
poses. The first frame school-house stood on
Jesse Barlow's farm in the northeast corner
of the township and was erected about the
year 1850. It was in use for twenty-six
years. The school lands were sold in the year
1851 and realized to the township the sum of
81,100. Seven per cent of this amount to-
gether with $70 which the township drew the
same year formed the basis of the present
splendid school fund. There are at the pres-
ent time ten good buildings in which schools
are taught about seven months in the year,
thus bringing the advantages of a good edu-
cation within the easy reach of all. Nine of
these buildings are frame, and one, the Ob-
long school-house, is brick. The latter was
erected in 1881 at a cost of 83,000. It is two
stories high, contains three large, well fur-
nished rooms, and covers a space of ground
forty-three feet long by twenty feet wide.
The Mount Comfort Grange No. lOOG P. of
H. was organized in 1873 with a membership
of thirteen. First officers were Harrison
Seers, Master; D. M. Bales, Overseer; and A.
Walters, Sect. The present officers are Will-
iam Cortourly, M.; Edward Johnson, C;
Joseph Kirk, S.; Albert Skaggs, Sect.; Wm.
Johnson, Treas.; Chas. Johnson, Chap.; Thom-
as Keifer, Lecturer; J. E. Skaggs, Gate
Keeper; Anna Cortourly, P.; Lucinda John-
son, A. S.; Rachel Kirk, F.; Catherine
Keifer, C.
Dog Wood Grange No. 1007 was organized
January 29, 1874, at the Dog Wood school-
house with thirty charter members. First offi-
cers were the following: Preston Condrey, M.;
Matthew Wilkin, O.; Scott Thornburg, L.;
William E. McKnight, S.; Absalom Wilkin,
A. S.; J. H. Wilkin, Chaplain; Hiram Lara-
bee, Treas.; R. S. Comley, Sect.; Wilson
Brooks, G. K.; Emily Wilkin, Ceres; Eliza-
beth Condrey, Pomona; Carrie Snider, Flora;
Rosilla Larabee, L. A. S. The present offi-
cers are A. Reed, M.; C. Stifle, O.; R. S.
Comley, L.; S. Wilkin, S.; J. A. Wilson, A.
S.; G. W. Crogan, Chap.; A. Weir, Treas.;
M. Wilkin, Sect.; J. J. Waterworth. G. K.;
Mrs. E. E. Wilkin, Pomona; Miss E. Reed,
Flora; Mrs. Mary Wilkin, Ceres; Mrs. C.
Wilson, L. A. S. The lodge is in flourishing
condition at the present time, and numbers
forty-two members.
CHAPTEE XYI.
MONTGOMERY TOWNSHIP— PHYSICAL FEATURES. BOUNDARIES, ETC.— EARLY SETTLERS
AND AVHERE THEY CAME PROM— THE HURRICANE— FRONTIER INDUSTRIES—
A RACE FOR THE BOTTLE AND ITS RESULTS— THE POISONING OF
REED— VILLAGES-RELIGIOUS AND EDUCATIONAL.
" What is the tale that I would tell ? Not one
Of strange adventure, but a common tale."
PIONEER hardships and privations on the
frontier are a " common tale " to the
writer of western annals. Those who have
beard the old settlers tell of their hunting
frolics,log-rollino;s, house-raisings, wolf-chases,
etc., etc., were sometimes led to believe that
pioneer life was made up of fun and frolic,
amusement and enjoyment, but it is a woeful
mistake. AVhile there was more or less of
pleasure and happiness among the frontiers-
men, with their rude, wild life, " wild ab the
wild bird and untaught, with spur and bridle
undeliled," there was much more danger, toil,
privation, self-denial, a lack of all the com-
forts of life, and many of its necessaries.
Indeed, these were the main constituents that
compose the grandeur of frontier life and
rast a glamour over its dangers and hardships.
To the early settlers of this division of the
county we will now devote our attention, and
transcribe some of their deeds and adven-
tures.
Montgomery Township is the southeastern
division of Crawford County, and borders on
the Wabash River. It is an excellent agri-
cultural region and contains some very fine
farms. Like all the Wabash bottoms, the
lowlands along the river are frequently in-
undated, sometimes subjecting the people to
* By W. H. Perrm.
serious loss of property. The center line of
the township forms the divide, from which
the water flows both ways — to the east into
the Wabash River by Doe Run and Buck's
Creek, and to the west into the Embarras by
Brushy Fork which runs in a south-southwest
direction. The east part of the township, a
distance of two miles from the river, was
known as the "Rich Woods," and was very
rich, heavy-timbered Ian 1, and is yet as rich
land as there is in the county. But the
largest portion of Montgomery was called
" Barrens," on account of its barren appear-
ance, being almost entirely destitute of
timber, except a few scattering, scrubby oaks
and shelbark hickories. The barrens were
caused by the great fires which annually
swept over the prairie districts. After the
prairie grass burned, the fire died out, the
barrens disappeared and the heavy timber be-
gan. It was usually black, red, water, white
and burr oaks, hickory, sassafras, persimmon,
with soft wood trees along the streams. The
Rich Woods produced several kinds of oak,
walnut, beech, sugar tree, elm, poplar, linn,
hackberry, sycamore, honey locust, cofl'eenut,
pawpaw, etc. Only the northwest corner of
the township was prairie, and was called
Beckwith Prairie, and was but a few hundred
acres in extent. Montgomery Township lies
south of Lamotte Township, west of the
Wabash River, north of Lawrence County,
east of Honey Creek Township, and by the
184
HISTORY OF CRAAVFOED COUXTY.
census of 1880 had a total population of 1,959
inhabitants.
The fii'st settlement of Montgomery Town-
shij:) was made seventy years or more ago.
There is a prevailing tradition that James
Beard settled here as early as 1810, hut it is
hardly probable that it was much before the
cfose of the war of 1812. Beard was from
Kentucky, and had been brought up among
the stirring scenes of the dark and bloody
ground in the days of Indian warfare. He
had a nephew named Eli Adams, who came
to this county with him and lived with him
here. Their cabin stood in the southeast cor-
ner of the township. Beard was killed by
the Indians, as detailed in a preceding
chapter. But it is not known what ever be-
came of Adams.
Thomas Kennedy, who figures prominently
in this work, both as an early county officer
and as a pioneer Baptist preacher was an early
settler in this township. He was from southern
Kentucky, and first squatted on the place
where John S. Woodworth originally settled,
the improvement of which he sold to Wood-
worth. He then settled ia this township, on
what is known as the Gov. French farm, and
at present owned by Mr. Fife. Kennedy
lost several members of his family by the
milk-sick, and sold out and moved to Beck-
■with Prairie, where he died at a green old
age. He was a good, honest man, somewhat
illiterate, l)ut endowed with sound common
sense. As stated, he was a Hardshell Bap-
tist preacher, but much more liberal in his
religious convictions than many of that stern
and zealous creed. He used to often cross
swords with Daniel Parker upon church gov-
ernment and relations, and the church once
tried to turn him out for what it termed his
heresies, but failed in the attempt. Old
" Daddy " Kenned}' was a man who possessed
the confidence of the people among whom he
lived, and enjoyed a reputation for honor and
integrity, that remained unstained during a
long and active life.
Another early settler was John Cobb. He
came to Montgomery Township in 1820 and
opened a farm. He had six children, some of
whom grew up and made prominent men.
One of these, Amasa Cobb, studied law in St.
Louis, and at the breaking out of the Mexican
war, entered the army, taking part in that un-
pleasantness. He afterward located in Wis-
consin ; was sent to the Legislature and to Con-
gress from the Badger State, and was in Con-
gress when the war clouds rose on the south-
ern horizon in 18G1. He at once offered his
services to the government, was commis-
sioned colonel of a regiment, and distinguished
himself in the field. At this time, he is serv-
ing his second term as judge of the Supreme
Court of Nebraska. Another son is living in
this township, and is a prominent farmer.
The following incident is intimately con-
nected with the early settlement of this sec-
tion. About the year 1811-12, a hurricane
swept over the country, passing from the
southwest to the northeast, through the north-
western part of Montgomery and the south-
eastern part of Lamotte Township. Marks
of its destructive course may yet be seen in
many places. It was about half a mile in
width, and the timber was felled before it, as
grain before the reaper. A family named
Higgins had just moved in, and had not vet
had time to build a cabin and had constructed
a rude hut to shelter their heads until better
accommodations could be provided. The hut
stood directly in the path of the hurricane,
and after the storm was over the people gath-
ered together, and knowing the location of
Higgins' hut, supposed the family all killed,
and that nothing remained to them, but to
make their way into the fallen timber, get out
the unfortunates and bury them. Upon work-
ing their way to them, they were found to be
wholly uninjured, not a single tree having
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
1S5
fallen upon the hut, or touched it, but the
huge monarchs of the forest were piled pro-
miscuously all around them, rendering their
escape as remarkable as that of Tam O'Shan-
ter's Mare. It was the only spot in the whole
track of the hurricane for miles that was not
covered over with fallen timber. The inci-
dent is still remembered by many who have
received it as a family tradition.
Among the settlers of Montgomery, addi-
tional to those already mentioned were, Joseph
Pearson, Ithra Brasliears, James Shaw, John
^Yaldrop, Gabriel Funk, Sr., Andrew Mont-
gomery and others whose names are now for-
gotten. Pearson came from Indiana, and set-
led here, bat not much was learned of him.
Brashears was in Fort Lamotte, and when
peace was established received from the
Government 100 acres of land for some ser-
vice against the Indians, but just what the
service was is not remembered. He was from
Kentucky, and like all those old pioneers from
that region, W'asa trained Indian fighter. He
had one of the early mills of the county. His
children are all dead except one daughter.
James Shaw settled what is now known as the
Winn place. He has descendants still living.
John V/aldrop was from Kentucky, and set-
tled very early. Gabriel Funk, Sr., came here
in 1815, and was a great hunter. He had a
son named Gabriel, who followed in his fath-
er's footsteps in regard to hunting. Andrew
Montgomery came from Irelatid and settled
here very early. He raised a large family of
children. Mr. Montgomery was a prominent
man, and the township bears his name, an
honor that is not unmerited. Many others
might be named in connection with the early
settlement, but after this long lapse of time,
their names are forgotten. Others will be
mentioned in the biographical department of
this work.
For many j'ears after the whites came here,
tli'.'y had hard work to live. Even up to
1815-50, times were hard and produce low,
commanding the most insignificant prices.
Particularly from 1810 to 1815 were farm pro-
ducts low. Corn sold at 6;^ cents per bushel,
after being hauled to the stage-stand at Ver-
non in the north part of the township. AVheat
■was 37i to 40 cents per bushel in trade for
salt, after being hauled to Evansville, Ind.
Pork, from §1.50 to $'i.00 per hundred pounds;
cattle, three and four years old sold for §6 and
S7 a piece. Clothing was coarse and cheap.
Many wore buckskin, and all wore home-made
clothes. A family who came here from Vir-
ginia made clothing of cotton and the fur of
rabbits mixed, the latter being sheared from
the backs of the rabbits like wool from sheep.
This is a pioneer story, and like many of their
stories, is somewhat huge in proportion, when
we consider how many rabbits it would take
to furnish wool enough to clothe an army.
But it is told that Mr. James Laiidreth wore
clothing composed of the material above de-
scribed.
Mills were among the early pioneer indus-
tries of Montgomery. James Allison had a
mill very early in the south part of the town-
ship. Jesse Higgins built an early mill where
Morea now stands. Ithra Brashears also built
a mill in an early day, and James Brockman
had a mill near the Wabash river, in the
southeast part of the township. He was killed
by his step-son. Bill Shaw.
Distilleries were also a prominent industry
among the pioneers. Veach had a distillery
a half mile east of Flat Rock, while Shaw
owned one in the east part of the township.
Adams had one of the first in the country
Another distillery was built in the southeast
portion of the tox'wi, and afterward a tannery
established at the same place. Hatfield was
the first blacksmith, and Wm. Edgington was
a pioneer blacksmith and run a sort of gun
factory in the township for sixty years.
Jioads. — The Vincennes State road was one
186
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
of the first public higlivvixys through Mont-
gomery. It was surveyed in 1835. It was
usually called the State Road, but its proper
name was Vincenncs and Chicago road. The
" Purgatory Road " as it was called, was laid
out in 183G. It was so called on account of
a large swamp through which it passed. It
run from Viiicennes to Palestine, and is the
real State road. While the Vincennes road,
is merely an improved Indian trail, probably
several hundred years old. The township is
supplied with roads of as good quality as any
portion of the county, and in many places
good bridges span the streams.
An incident occurred in this township some
years ago, which shocked the moral sensibility
of all the better class of people. Leonard
Reed was a well-to-do citizen, and a man who
stood fair among his neighbors. He lived five
miles southeast of Palestine, and was poisoned
by his wife that she might secure his property
all to herself. She dosed him with arsenic,
putting it in his victuals in small quantities,
with the design of killing him by inches and
thus escaping suspicion. The drug gave out
and she was compelled to procure a second
supply. One morning the hired girl saw her
put something in her husband's coffee from a
paper, and his violent pains a few moments
afterward aroused the girl's suspicions. It
seems the woman had given her husband a
larger dose than usual, infuriated perhaps at
his tenacious hold on life, and from the effects
of it he died. The hired girl then told some
of the neighbors what she had herself seen,
and a medical examination was the result,
which revealed the presence of arsenic in the
stomach. The woman was arrested and
lodged in the jail at Palestine. Before her
trial came on she attempted to escape by
burning a hole in the jail wall, which was of
wood. She would burn a little at a time, and
then extinguish the fire in order not to excite
suspicion. One night she let the fire get the
mastery of her, and when seeing that both
she and the jail must burn together, she
screamed for help. Sam Garrard, still a citi-
zen of Palestine, was the first to reach the
scene and succeeded in rescuing her from the
flames. She was afterward transferred to
Lawrence countv on a change of venue, tried
for the murder of her husband, condemned,
and finally hunsf in Lawrenceville.
Another tragedy occurred in this township,
which, though accidental, was none the less
deplorable, inasmuch as it resulted from a
barbarous custom. A young man named
Green Baker, who lived in the southeast part
of Montgomery, in " racing for the bottle " at
a wedding was thrown against a tree and in-
stantly killed. It was a custom in those ear-
ly times at a wedding for two or three young
men to be selected to go to the house of the
bride for the usual bottle of spirits that graced
the occasion. At the proper time they started
on horseback at break-neck speed, as one
would ride a hurdle-race, turning aside for
no object or impediment. The one who
gained the race by first reaching the bride's
residence and getting possession of the bottle
was the hero of the day, a kind of champion
knight among the fair ladies. In obedience
to this rude custom Baker and one or two
otheis started on the race for the bottle.
Thev were running their horses at full speed,
and at a turn in the road by which stood a
tree somewhat bent. Baker swayed his body
to the side he supposed the horse would go,
but contrary to his expectations it went on
the other side. His head struck the tree and
death was instantaneous. Thus, by observing
a rude and barbarous custom, an occasion of
gavety was turned into the deepest mourning.
The people of Montgomery Township take
an active interest in education. It is not
known now who taught the first school in the
township. It is known, however, that schools
were established as soon as there were
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
187
children enough in a neighborhood to support
a school. There are now ten school-houses
in the township, hut the school township ex-
tends two miles into Lawrence County. All
the school-houses are frame, and their average
cost is about §850.. The state of education is
the best in the county aside from the towns.
Especially is this the case in District No. 1,
which is noted for its interest in education,
and in which stands the McKibben school-
house, one of the best in ihe township.
Villafies. — There are several villages in the
township, but all of them put together would
not make a town as large as Chicago. Al-
though they are dignified by being called
villages none of them have been regularly
laid out as such. One of the first places to
be designated as a village, was Vernon. It was
on the Vincennes road and was a stiige-stand
when the old-fashioned stage-coach was the
principal means of travel. A small store, a
post-office, a tavern and a blacksmith shop
comprised its proportions. The tavern was
kept by Spencer Hurst, and one Salters was
the blacksmith. The town, however, has dis-
appeared.
!Morea is another hamlet, and consists of a
half dozen houses or so. Wm. P. Dunlap
built the first store-house, but the first goods
were sold by Wm. Wallace. The place con-
tains but one store which is kept by Henry
Sayre. A post-of5ce was established here,
with A. W. Duncan as postmaster. It is now
kept by Dr. J. A. Ingles. Tlitse, with a churehj
school-house and blacksmith shop, constitute
the town. The first move toward a town was
the building of the church, which is a Pres-
bj'terian church. Alexander MacHatton gave
the ground upon which it was built. He also
gave one acre of land to David Kelchner,who
erected a house upon it.
The school-house was built originally about
a quarter of a mile from the post-office, and
was a log structure. Later the present school-
house was built, by parties, who made a kind
of stock company of it, taking shares of stock.
The upper portion is used for religious and
literary purposes. The church will be referred
to later on in this chapter.
Heathville is another of the same sort. A
post-office was established, and R. Heath, an
old pioneer now living in Russelville, was the
first post-master. The present one is Mr.
Sullivan. A store, a shop or two, and a few
houses are all there is of this lively town.
Crawfordsville is situated on the line be-
tween Montgomery and Honey Creek Town-
ships. The first record we have of the place,
was when Edward Allison built a water-mill
here about 1830. Allison sold out to a man
named Kiger, who in turn sold to H. Martin,
a son of John Martin, who came to the county
in lSlO-13. He built an ox-mill afterward,
and later, a steam-mill, which is still stand-
ing, and is owned by Dennis York and J. T.
Wood. H. Martin kept a blacksmith shop
about 18.j5. Elijah Nuttalls established a
general store, and afterward several others
had stores at different periods. During all
this time it was known as Martin's mill, but
when a post-oilice was established it was then
called Crawfordsville. Samson Taylor was
the first postmaster. The post-office was re-
moved to Flat Rock when that town was laid
out after the building of the railroad. A
woolen-mill was connected with the steam-mill
about 1870, and operated until 1879, when it
closed business.
Churches, — Wesley Chapel Methodist Epis-
copal church is among the oldest churches in
the county', dating its original organization
back at least to 1825. The Methodists being
missionary in their style, this church grew
out of work done years previous to organiza-
tion. Among the original members were
James and Nancy McCord, Edward N. and
Mary Cullom, Nancy Funk, Smith Shaw and
wife, John and Mary Fox, S. B. Carter and
188
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
Margaret Carter, Daniel and Christina Funk,
William Garrard and wife, and Jacob Gar-
rard and wile. It was organized by Rev.
John Stewart, one of the earliest preachers
of the Methodists in the Wabash valley. The
first church edifice was built in 1845, and was
a frame, 2Gx40 feet, costing about $800. In
1878 a larger and more commodious house
was commenced, and finished the next year.
It is 30x50 feet, with many of the modern
improvements — two class-rooms, gallery, bel-
fry, stained glass windows, and will seat com-
fortably some 250 persons. It has at present
about 100 members. Many of the churches
surrounding country grew out of this vener-
able churcli, among which was that at Pales-
tine.
The following is furnished us of the dif-
ferent pastors of this church: Rupert Delapp,
a good proacher, but rather too plain spoken
to be popular; Wra. McReynolds, a good
man and polished gentleman, and much liked
by all; John, his brother, and very similar;
Samuel Hulls, a good man liut common
preacher, one of those who wept when he
preached, very excitable but popular and
influential, held many responsible positions
in the church, and is still living; John Miller
and Finley Tliompson officiated tog-ether, and
were both good men; John McCain, a de-
voted and influential preacher, Israel Risley
rather dry, but a man of good sense; Chai4es
Bonner, a warm-hearted young man, and a
preacher of medium talents; James M. Mas-
sey, one of the best preachers the church
ever had, and faithful to the end; a son, T.
J. Massey, is now in charge of the Robinson
circuit; Ira McGinnis, a good preacher; Wm.
S. Crissy, promising young preacher; John
Chamberlin, an elegant gentleman, and a
mediocre preacher; Asa McMurtry and Wm.
Wilson together; Wm. Ripley; Isaac Barr;
Jas. Woodward; Americus Don Carlos; W.
(;. Blondill; Michael S. Taylor; John Shep-
herd; Jacob Reed; J. F. Jaques; Joseph
Hopkins; W. H. H. Moore; Z. Percy; John
Hill; John Glaze; Levi English; John John-
son; James Holey; Jacob Reed and V. Lin-
genfelter; D. Williamson; Charles McCord;
Wm. Nail; John Leeperand W.J. Grant; S.
P. Groves; James Thrapp; Lewis Harper; D.
Williamson; Wm. Cain; O. H. Clark; O. H.
Bruner; Wni. Hennessey; Joseph Ruther-
ford; W. W. McMorrow; Wm. Bruner; .1.
J. Boyer; Jason Carson; John Weeden and
D. B. Stewart; John Weeden and Joseph
Van Cleve; J. D. Reeder, the present pastor.
Under his pastorate forty-four members have
been added, " a record that has not been
beaten," since the organization of the church.
A Sunday-school in connection with the
church, has been in operation since 1873.
The regular attendance is about seventy-five
children, and Wm. Fox is the superintendent.
Canaan Baptist Church is another of the
old church organizations of this section of
the country. It was established by Elder
Daniel Parker, a Hardshell Baptist preacher,
near Fort Allison, away back about 1830,
under the name of " Little Vdlage Baptist
Church." A few years later it was moved to
this township, and is now of the Missionary
Baptist faith. They have some eighteen
members, and hold their meetings in the
Canaan school-house, in which they own an
interest.
Liberty Baptist Church was organized July
15, lSi3. The old Lamotte Baptist Church,
great in numbers and in boundaries, con-
tributed toward its formation. The mem-
bers in the southeast part of the congrega-
tion, thought it best to form a church nearer
their homes. Among those wlio entertained
this belief were D. Y. Allison, Sarah Allison,
Benjamin Long, Jane Long, Isaac Martin,
Mary Martin, Thos. F. Highsmith, Elizabeth
Highsmlth, Wm. V. Highsmith, Sina Allen,
Rebecca Rush and Amos Rich. Elders
Drudut CoX-
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
191
Stephen Kennedy and Wm. S. Bishop offi-
ciated at the organization. Since then tlie
pastors have been: Elders Hezeklah Shelton
and A. J. Fuson, by direction of the New
York Home Mission Board; Solomon D. Mon-
roe, D. Y. Allison, J. T. Warren, T. J. Neal,
and J. L. Cox, the present pastor. The first
church was built of logs eighteen by twenty
feet, and a few years afterward another room
of the same size was added, at a total cost,
perhaps, of $200. The second church was
built in 1S7A, and cost about $1,200. It has
sixty-three members, and a Sunday-school,
which was organized in 1865, by Jacob
Clements and Hachel E. Dickinson. Clem-
ents was superintendent.
This church had but little ministerial aid
in the early days of its existence; ministers
being scarce and hard to procure in a new
country such as this was then. But its mem-
bers persevered, and it increased in power and
usefulness. Twr> churches were afterward
organized chiefly from its membership: one
north of where it is located, and the other
southwest, and just north of Lawrenceville.
The United Presbyterian Church of Morea,
as also the Associated Presbyterian Church
and the United Presbyterian Church of Duii-
canvilie, had their origin with a few families,
mostly from East Tennessee, who settled in
the Maxwell neighborhood. At their request
they were organized into a " vacancy " of the
Associated Presbyterian Church (commonly
called seceders), under the care of the Pres-
bytery of Northern Indiana; Rev. James
Dickson, of the Presbytery, officiated at the
organiz ition. Not long after, A. R. Rankin,
a licentiate, was called to be their pastor, and
accepting the call, was installed in the fall
of 1852. A church was built a few years
later, which served as a house of worship for
nearly a quarter of a century. Rev. Rankin
remained with them some five or six years
and the congregation increased rapidly. He
was succeeded by Rev. J. D. McNay as stated
supply, and about 1858, while he was yet
with them, the churches were united under
the name of the United Presbyterian Church.
Rev. McNay and a portipn of his flock de-
clined going into this union, and Rev. R.
Gil more, assistant editor of the Presbyte-
rian Witness, of Cincinnati, re-organized the
church and reported it as a " vacancy," under
the care of the Presbytery of southern
Indiana. Rev. Alexander MacHatton was
pastor in 18G1, at which time the membership
was thirty-eight. The congregation used the
Beckwith Prairie church until they could
build one of their own, which they did some
years later; a good substantial building, and
free of debt. This was the first building
erected in Morea, and is still occupied by the
congregation, though there is not one of the
original thirty-eight now in connection with
it. Soon after building the house the mem-
bership increased to 120. A few families
then in the northwest part of the congrega-
tion obtained leave and formed a new church,
and erected a building at Duncanville, where
they have prospered, and for some years have
had a settled pastor in Rev. Hugh MacHat-
ton. In April 1877, after about sixteen years'
service Rev. Alexander MacHatton resigned
bis charge, and is now living on a farm near
Morea. The next pastor was Rev. O. G.
Brockett, in 1879, who remained until 1882,
since which time the church has had no
pastor. It has now about filty-five members
and is in a flourishing condition.
A Sunday-school is maintained, and was
organized in 18G2, and since then it has con-
tinued uninterruptedly. The attendance is
about ninety children.
The Green Hill Methodist Episcopal Church
was organized about 1850-55. Although the
Methodists had lield meetings in the neigh-
borhood ever since 1830 in log school-houses,
and in the cabins of the early settlers, it was
192
PIISTOEY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
not until this time that an organization was
effected. One Dr. J. R. Winn, who came
here about 1837, made a will, in 1855, in
which he donated land on which to build a
church, and also gave $100 for the same pur-
pose, on condition that the people would
build it within a given time. A frame church
■was erected, and the original members were
twelve in number; at piesent there are but
sixteen members. The first minister was
Rev. Bruner. The church is in the same cir-
cuit of Wesley chapel, and since its organi-
zation has been administered to by the same
preachers, except in 1878 and 1879, when
they had their own minister, Rev. Mr. Hen-
nessey. The present pastor is Rev. J. U.
Reeder. The church was dedicated by Rev.
C. J. Houts, presiding elder. A Sabbath-
school, established in 1874, is maintained
under the charge of the church, of which J.
Landreth is superintendent.
Another denomination, the Christians, have
an organization here and hold their meetings
in this church. It was organized by Rev.
J. R. Wright, who is the present pastor. But
other ministers have been with them at dif-
ferent times.
CHAPTER XVII.*
MARTIN AND SOUTHWEST TOWNSHIPS— POSITION AND BOUNDARIES— FORMATION OF
SOUTHWEST— WATER COURSES— SOIL— PRODUCTIONS— TIMBER— PIONEER SET-
TLEMENT—EARLY INCIDENTS AND INDUSTaiES— LIFE IN THE WIL-
DERNESS—EARLY ROADS— CHURCH AND SCHOOL HIS-
TORY—VILLAGES, ETC., ETC.
The formation
"Time though old is swift in fliglit."
THE unheeded lapse of time is the histo-
rian's greatest enemy. The events of one
day are so closely crowded by those of the
next, and so much occupied are we with the
aflFairs of the present, that almost unawares
we fulfill the scriptural injunction: "Take no
thought for the morrow." History is commonly
defined to be a record of past events, but
shall we wait till the events must be recalled
by di'feclive memories before we record them?
Th. !i W(' get no perfect history, for no mem-
ory is infallible, and often lie who thinks him-
self most sure is least to bo relied upon. In
recording the annals of even so small a place
as a single township, absolute justice can not
be given, as many events of importance, to-
gether with the actors who participated there-
in have been forgotten through the lapse of
time. The division of Crawford County,
which forms the subject of this chapter, origi-
nally embraced the present townships of
Martin and Southwest, and included in all
fiftv-six square miles of territory, with the
followiiig boundaries: Oblong Township on
the north, Robinson on the east, Lawrence
and Richland counties on the south, and
Jasper County on the west.
A few years after township organization
(1869), that portion lying south of the Em-
barras was formed into a distinct division
with the river for its northern boundary, and
*ByG.N. Ben-y.
named Southwest Township,
of Southwest was brought about by petition
signed by the citizens of that part of the
country, and chief among the several reasons
urged in favor of the division was the diffi-
culty experienced Jn reaching the voting
place on account of high water during cer-
tain seasons of the year. The history of the
tvv 1 townships, however, is identical, and in
the pages which follow we speak of them
both as one division. The tov\nship is well
watered and drained by the Embarras river.
Big Creek, Dogwood Branch, Honey Creek
and their affluents which traverse the country
in various directions. Embarras river, the
principal stream of importance, flows between
the two townships, crossing the western
boundary in section 4, and passing a north
easterly direction about four miles, and unites
with Big Creek in section 8. From this point
the channel deflects to the southwest, leaving
the township from section 24 about one mile
north of the southern boundary. The stream
flows through a well wooded but somewhat
flat country, and afi'ords the principal drain-
age for the western and southern portions of
the county. Big Creek, the second stream
in size, flows a southerly direction, through
the central part of the township, and passes
in its course through sections 21, 22, 29 and
32 of town G, and section 5 of town 5. Dog-
wood Branch is the largest tributary, which
it receives in section 29, in the northern part
of the township. Honey Creek flows through
194
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
a somewhat broken portion of country, lying
in the eastern part of the township, and
empties into the Embarras in section 13.
The general surface of the township is what
might be termed level with undulations of an
irregular character in the southeastern part
and along the streams enumerated. About
three fourths of the area is woodland, the
forest growth consisting principally of the
different varieties of oak, hickory, ash, maple,
with walnut, elm and sycamore skirting the
creeks. When first settled the woods were
almost entirely devoid of undergrowth, ow-
ing to the prevalence of forest and prairie
fires, which swept over the country in fall of
each year. With the improvement of the
land these fires ceased, and in woods which
have not been disturbed a rank growth of
"underbush" has sprung up, principally
spice, pawpaw, grapevine, dogwood and
many other varieties. The northeast corner
of the township is occupied by an arm of the
Grand Prairie, which embraces an area
equivalent to about eight sections. The
prairie presents a very level surface and af-
fords many inducements to the stock-raiser,
as the greater portion of it is much better
adapted to pasturage than to general farming.
The south end of Oblong Prairie extends into
the northwest part of the township, while a
strip of prairie land about five miles long
and one mile wide extends along the southern
boundary. The soil of the land lying remote
from the water courses is a gray clay-loam
mixed with gravel, while the low ground ad-
jacent to the creeks possesses a deep black,
mucky soil, rich in decayed vagetable matter
and very fertile. Corn and wheat are the
staple productions of the wooded portions of
the country, while corn and grass are the
leading crops raised on the prairies. Taken
as a whole the township is not so well
adapted to agriculture as the northern and
eastern divisions of the county, but as a fruit
growing country it stands second to no other
township.
The early settlement of Martin Township,
like all portions of the county, is somewhat
obscured, and we are left in a great measure to
conjecture. It is thought, however, that one
Daniel Martin was the first to make improve-
ments, and it is certain that he made the first
entry of land as early as the year 1830. He
was a native of the State of Georgia, and
left his childhood home some years prior
to the dawn of the present century, and set-
tled in Kentucky. He married in the latter
State and eniigrated to Illinois about the
year 1810, settling, with a number of others
who accompanied him near the present site
of Palestine. His journey to the new country
was replete with many incidents, some of
tliera of a decidedly unpletsant nature, for
at that time the country was full of Indians,
many of whom were inclined to be trouble-
some. Martin packed his few household
goods on one horse and his family on another
and thus the trip through the wilderness was
made in safety, though they were surrounded
at different times by hostile redskins, and
it was only through Martin's fiimness that
the lives of the little company were
spared to reach their destination. Upon
his arrival at Palestine, Martin fi und himself
in possession of sufficient means to purchase
thirtv acres of land on which a previous set-
tler had made a few rude improvements.
During the Indian troubles he figured as a
brave fighter and participated in many bloody
hand-to-hand combats with the savages, whom
he hated with all the intensity cf his strong
ruffo-ed nature. Being a great hunter, he
passed much of his time in the woods, and in
one of his hunting tovirs he chanced to pass
through the central part of this township, and
being pleased with the appearance of the
country he decided to make a locatirm here and
secure a home. He was induced to take
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
195
this step from two considerations: one for the
purpose of securing mora land than he at
that time possessed, and the other beini;r his
desire to rid himself of society, for the usages
and conventionalities of which he had the
mo-t profound contempt. He sold his little
farm to Joshua Crews in the year 1830, and
from the proceeds was enabled to enter eighty
acres of government land, which he did soon
after, selecting for his home the east half of
the southeast quarter of section Si, in town
6 north, range 13 west. He immediately be-
gan improving his land by erecting thereon
a good log cabin twenty by eighteen feet, to
which he moved his large family as soon as
the building was raised and roofed. Mar-
tin did but little work on the farm, leaving
that labor to be performed by his daughters,
of whom there were several buxom lasses
who inherited their father's powerful physical
strength in a marked degree. They opened
the farm, did almost all the plowing, chopped
wood and looked after the interests of the
place in general, while the father's rifle
kept the family well supplied with fresh
meat. Upon one occasion while out hunting,
he had a narrow escape from being shot, under
the following circumstances: He and a com-
panion, who was getting old and had defect-
ive eyesight, started out one morning in
quest of deer, Martin riding his favorite
steed, "Old Ball." A fine buck was soon
started to which the hunters gave chase. Mar-
tin, who was an expert shot, directed his com-
rade to circle round a certain piece of woods for
the purpose of dislodging the deer, while he
would remain stationary and drop it as it went
by. The hunter followed the directions as
well as he could, but being misled by his near-
sightedness, soon got back near the spot
where Martin was stationed. Seeing, as he
supposed, the deer among the branches, and
thinking to surprise Martin, he "drew bead"
and fired. The surprise was complete both
to Martin and himself, for no sooner was the
gun discharged than Martin's voice broke the
stillness in the following terse exclamation:
" There, by the gods, poor Ball's gone." The
horse had been shot dead. Martin lived on
his place about thirtv-three years, and
died in 1SG3 at the age of seventy-si.TC
vears. Two daughters, Mrs. Shipman and
Mrs. Thomas, are living in the township
at the present time. The old homestead
is owned and occupied by Esau Har-
din. The next actual settler of whom we
have any knowledge was Abel Prvor, who
located near the village of Hardinsville in the
year 1831. He was born in Kentucky and
moved from that State to Illinois in an early
day and settled near the Palestine fort.
Here he became acquainted with a daughter
of John Martin, between whom and himself
a mutual attachment sprang up which soon
terminated in matrimony. After his marriage
Pryor moved to Coles County, where he lived
about three years, when, becoming dissatis-
fied with the country, he came to this town-
ship and entered land in section 26, at the
date mentioned. He possessed many of the
characteristics of the successful business
man, to which were added an almost inordi-
nate love of out-door sports, especially hunt-
ing, which continued to be his favorite
amusement as long as he lived. He became
the possessor of several tracts of valuable
land, and raised a large family, consisting of
sixteen children, a number of whom still
reside in the township. Pryor died in the
year 1875. A man by name of Huffman set-
tled in the eastern part of the township about
the same time that Pryor came to the country,
but of him nothing is known save that he mad
a few improvements on land which was entered
by Absalom Higgins two years later. William
Wilkinson settled near what is known as the
Dark Bend on the Embarras River, in 1831,
where he cleared a small farm. A short time
196
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
after his arrival he married a daiicrhter of
Daniel Martin, which is sa d to have been the
first wedding that occurred in the township.
He afterward entered land on the lower end of
Oblong Prairie, where he resided until his
death, which occurred about the year 18G3.
Among other pioneers who secured homes
in the township in 1831 was William Ship-
man, who located near the site of Hardinsvilie
village. Shipman was a native of Indiana
and a man of considerable prominence in ihe
community, having been noted for his indus-
try and business tact. He entered land in
section 34 a few years later and was one of
the principal movers in the laying out of Har-
dinsvilie. His marriage with Virginia, daugh-
ter of Daniel Martin, about throe years after
his arrival, was the second event of the kind
that transpired in the township. In the year
1833 the following persons and their families
were added to the township's population:
Hezekiah Martin, Zachariah Thomas and Absa-
lom Hio-gins. The first-named was a nephew
of Daniel Martin. He was a native of Kentucky
and came with his uncle to Illinois, and lived
until the year 1833 on a small farm near Pal-
estine. The farm which he improved in this
township lies in section 34, near HanlinsviUe.
He lived here about five 3'ears, when he traded
his place to EphraimKiger for a mill on Brushy
Run in Honej- Creek Township, to which he
moved in the year 1838. Higgins, to whom
reference has already been made, settled in the
eastern part of the township on land which had
been improved by Hufi'man, whom he bought
out. He immigrated to this State from Ken-
tucky, and was, like man}^ of the early settlers
of the county, a pioneer hunter of the most
pronounced type. He kept a large number of
dogs, with which he hunted wolves, and was
instrumental, in a great measure, in ridding
the county of these pests. On one occasion,
while out hunting, his dogs brought a large
panther to bay, but were afraid to attack it.
Higgins encouraged tlie dogs for the purpose,
he said, of "seiiing some fun," but was very
soon sorry for what he did, when he saw two
of his favorites bite the dust. At this junc-
ture he thought it was time for him to act, so
he took deliberate aim at the beast and fired.
Instead of the shot taking effect on the pan-
ther, it killed one of his dogs, as they were
running around and barking at a fearful rate,
another and another shot were fired, which
only wounded the wild animal, and a fourth
discharge laid out another of the dogs. Fi-
nally, after discharging seventeen shots and
killing three dogs, he succeeded in bringing
the ferocious animal to the ground. Higgins
was a resident of the township until the year
1863, at which time he sold his possessions to
Garrett Wilson and moved to Terre Haute,
Indiana. Thomas was a Kentuckian, and
made his first improvements' in section 34.
But little canJbe said of him — at least in his
favor, as he was not what one would call^
valuable acquisition to a community. Among
the more prominent settlers of the township
is remembered Thomas R. Boyd, who moved
here from Palestine about the year 183(3 and
located a short distance from Hardinsvilie.
He was one of the early pioneers of tlie
county, having moved from Kentucky to
Palestine when the latter place^.was a mere
hamlet of two or three houses. He was a
prominent farmer, and one of the first stock-
dealers in the township, at which business he
accumulated considerable wealth. His death
occurred in the year 1877. His widow and
two daughters are residing in Martin at the
present time. Samuel R. Boyd, a brother of
the preceding', came out on a vssit from his
native State about the year 1837, and being
pleased with the country, he determined to
locate here and make it his home, which
decision was strengthened by the earnest so-
licitation of his brother's family. He married,
soon after his arrival, a young lady by name
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
197
of Hiiskins, and inimediateiy went to work
and soon had a fine farm under successful
cultivation. He sold his farm to a man by
name of Baker, in the year 1850, and moved
to Fort .Jackson in the adjoining townsliip of
Honey Creek. Other settlers came in from
time to time, among whom were .John Gar-
rard, Alfred Griswold, Benjamin Boyd, .John
Thomas and Robert Boyd. Garrard improved
a farm in section 23, on land which he ob-
tained from the government in the year 1838.
He was, like the majority of pioneers in this
section of the county, a native of Kentucky,
and raised the largest family in the township.
He was the father of seventeen children, the
majority of whom grew up to manhood and
womanhood. Griswold entered a large tract
of land in section 15, but did not improve it.
Thomas was a son-in-law of Daniel Martin,
and a man of but little consequence in the
community. His distinguishing character-
istic was a dislike for anything known as
work, and his laz ness became proverbial
throughout his entire neighborhood. Benja-
min and Thomas Boyd were brothers of the
Boyds already alluded to, and like them were
men of eiiterijrise and character. Benjamin
and Ezekiel Bogart, two brothers, came to
the township in an early day and located at
the Dark Bend near the central part of the
township. They made but few Improve-
ments; and if all reports concerning them are
true, many acts of lawlessness were traced to
their doors. A short time after their arrival
William Wilkinson, Jackson Inlow, David
lidow, .Jerry ^V'ilkinson, Ephraim Wilkinson,
and Thomas Inlow, made their appearance
and settled in the same locality. They were
ail men of doubtful character, and their neigh-
borhood became widely noted as a place of
bad repute. 'Tis said, upon good authority,
that the Bend was noted for years as the ren-
dezvous of a gang of horse-thieves and out-
laws who chose it as a secure refuge from the
minions of the law. Many crimes of a much
darker shade than stealing are said to have
been committed among the somber recesses
of the thick woods, and persons having occa-
sion to pass through that locality alw?.3's went
well armed. The following fatal termination
of a deadly feud which existed between two
brothers, Jack and Thomas Inlow, is related :
It appears that both brothers became enam-
ored of the same woman, a widovir of unsa-
vorv reputation by name of May. A bitter
jealousy soon sprang up, which was aug-
mented by the woman, who encouraged the
visits of both, and so bitter did this feeling
become that threats of violence were openly
made by the two desperate men. They both
happened to meet at the "siren's" house one
day and a terrible quarrel ensued, during
which weapons were dra^w and freely used.
In the fight which followed, Thomas was fa-
tally shot, and died soon afterward. David
was arrested and lodged in the Palestine jail.
He was tried for murder, but was cleared on
the ground of self-defense. The woman mar-
ried again soon afterward, but was never heard
to express a regret for the sad occurrence of
which she was the cause.
The following persons additional to the set-
tlers already enumerated, made entries of
land in the township prior to the year 18-10:
Bethel Martin, in section 23; William B.
Martin, section 22; Robert Goss, in section
25; Benjamin Mvers, in section 30; and Fos-
ter Donald, in section 22. The last named
is the oldest settler in the township at the
present time, having been identified with the
country's growth and development since the
year 1830. (See biography.) Jlrs. Donald
relates that during the first summer of their
residence in the township, her husband was
absent the greater part of the time making
brick at Palestine. In his absence she was
left .alone, and in addition to her domestic
duties, she was compelled to look after the.
193
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
interests of the place, and many lonely nights
were passed in the little cabin while the
wolves chased around the house and scratched
upon the door trying to get in. Probably in
no other part of the county were the wolves
as troublesome as in this township, and for a
number of years the settlers found it very
difficult to raise any stock on account of them.
Their attacks were not always confined to cat-
tle and sheep, as the following will go to prove :
A Mr. Waldrop shot a deer upon one occa-
sion, and dressed it in the woods; while in
the act of hanging the meat on a limb, he
was set upon by a pack of wolves and com-
pelled to flee for his life. After devouring
the part of the deer left on the ground the
wolves followed up the trail of AValdrop, and
soon overtook him. He shot two of his
pursuers, but soon found himself in a death
struggle with his fierce assailants. His cloth-
ing was almost stripped from his body and
a number of ugly wounds inflicted, when he
gained a tree near by, which he ascended.
He passed the long, cold night in his lofty
perch listening to the wild howls of his gaunt
enemies, and was not relieved until the fol-
lowing morning. Many devices were resorted
to by the settlers to rid the county of the
wolves, the most popular of which was the
Sunday hunts, when all the citizens for miles
around would start at a given signal, and
close in on a circle. This would bring the
wolves close together when they could be
easily shot. Another serious hindrance to
the pioneer farmer was the numerous flocks
of crows which infested the country. These
birds destroyed almost entire fields of corn,
and premiums were ofi"ered for their destruc-
tion. Grain-fields had to be carefully watched,
and when the field was very large, dogs were
tied in difi'erent places to scare the birds
away, while the man with his gun watched
the other parts.
The settlers obtained their flour and meal
from the early mills at Palestine and Law-
renceville, and in later years the little mill
belonging to Joseph Wood in Oblong Town-
ship was patronized. The first mil! in Martin
was built by a Mr. York as early as the year
1840 and stood on the Einbarras in the south-
west part of the township. It was a water-
mill with two run of buhrs, and for several
years did a very good business. A saw was
afterward attached, which proved a very pay-
ing venture. York operated the mill a short
time when he sold to Alexander Stewart who
run it very successfully for about twenty
years. A man by name of Williams then pur-
chased it, and in turn sold to John Baker, who
operated it but few years. It ceased opera-
tions a number of years ago, when the dam
washed out. The old building is still stand-
ing a monument of days gone by. A steam
flouring mill was erected at the little village
of Freeport about the year 1848, but by whom
was not learned. It was a good mill with
two run of buhrs, and for a number of years
was extensively patronized. The last owners
were McNeiss and Sons. An early industry
of the township was the Ruby distillery, which
stood about two and a half miles east of the
village of Hardinsville. It was erected in
the year 1858 and ceased operations about
the year 186'.J, the proprietor being unable to
pay the large revenue demanded by the gov-
ernment. It had a capacity of about one
hundred gallons of whisky per day, and dur-
ino- the years it was run before the war, did a
very good business. But little can be said of
the early churches of Martin, as the first set-
tlers were not all religiously inclined. Sun-
day was their gala day, and was generally
spent in hunting, horse racing, or in athletic
sports, such as jumping, wrestling, etc., favor-
ite amusements during pioneer times.
The first religious exercises were conducted
by Elder Stephen Canady, a Baptist minister,
at Daniel Martin's barn. This meeting had
HISTORY OB CRAWFORD COUNTY.
199
been announced several days previous, and
when the hour for services arrived, the barn
was partially filled with women and children.
The men accompanied their families, but did
not go into the sanctuary; at the close of the
service, each stunly pioneer shouldered his
gun which he always carried wi'.h him, and
spent the remainder of the d ly in the woods,
much to the minister's disgust. Jesse York,
a Methodist preacher, living in Oblong Town-
ship, organized a small class at the residence
of Jacob Garrard about the year 1846. The
original members of this class as far as known
were Jacob Garrard and wife, Polly Garrard,
Margaret Higgins, Caroline Donald, Lillis
Peacock and wife, Samuel R. Boyd and wife,
and John Haskins and wife. York preached
several years and was a man of great zeal and
piety. Dr. Hally, of Hebron, was an early
preacher and did much towards building up
the consregation. Garrard's residence was
used as a meeting place until a school-house
was erected in the neighborhood. Services
were held in the school-house at stated inter-
vals until the year 1881, when in conjunction
■with the United Brethren, the church erected
a very commodious temple of worship
about two miles north of Hardinsville on
ground donated by Foster Donald. The
building is a frame structure with a seating
capacity of about two hundred and fifty, and
cost the sum of $300.
The Hardinsville Christian church was
organized about the year 1850 with a substan-
tial membership. Services were conducted
at the Hardinsville school-house until the year
1858, when their present house of worship was
erected. It was built principally by donation
of work by the citizens of the vicinity and re-
presents a capital of about S600. It is a
frame house 30x40 feet and will comfortably
seat two hundred persons. Among the pas-
tors, and stated supplies of the church were
Elder Morgan, Allan G. McNees, to whose
efforts the society is indebted for much of its
success. F. il. Shirk, Beard, Lock-
hart, P. C. Cauble, Joan Crawford and Sala-
thiel Lamb, the last named being pastor in
charge at the present time. The present
membership is about forty. A Methodist
class was organized at Hardinsville a number
of years ago, with a membership of about
thirty; meetings were held in the school-house
for some years, and efforts were made at one
time to erect a house of worship. The house
was never built, however, and the class was
finally disbanded. A second class was
organized at the same place in the year
1883 by Rev. Dee. Aiiout twenty mem-
bers belonged to this class and worship
was regularly held at the school-house for
one year. The old school-house was sold in
the fall of 1881, and a new one erected, in
which religious services were not allowed to
be held. Since then there have been no reg-
ular meetings of the society. At the present
time efforts are being made to build a meeting
house. The United Brethren have a good
society which meets for worship in the new
church north of Hardinsville, to which we
have already alluded. The society is in a
flourishing condition and numbers among its
members some of the best citizens of the
country.
The Missionary Baptists have a society in
the eastern part of the township, which is
large and well attended. They have no
house of worship but use a school-house for
church purposes.
The first school in the township was taught
about the year 18-43, in a little hewed log
house which stood a short distance south of
Hardinsville. The name of the first teach-
er and particulars concerning his school
could not be learned. The house was moved
to the village a short time afterward and
was used for school and church purposes a
great many years. The second achool-house
200
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
■was built about four years later and stood on
the Bethel Martin farm north of Hardinsville.
It was a hewed log structure also, and was
first used by William Cunningham in the
■winter of 1846 and 1847. Cunningham's
school was attended by about twenty pupils,
and he is remembered as a very competent in-
structor. Samuel Blakely and Miss Dee were
early teachers at this place also. A third
bouse was erected about two miles west of
Hardinsville in the year 1850. It was built of
plank, and was in constant use until 1882, when
it was torn down and replaced by a more
commodious frame structure. Another early
school-house stood east of the village on
land which belonged to a Mr. Dewcomer.
It was built about the year 185(3 and was in
use until 1880. At the present time there
are ten good frame houses in the township,
all of which are well furnished with ail the
modern educational appliances. The schools
are well supported and last from four to
seven months in the year.
The village of Hardinsville is situated in the
southwestern part of the township in section
34, and dates history from September, 1847. It
was laid out by Daniel Martin, purely as a
speculation venture, but the growth of the
town never came up to bis expectations.
"While the village plat was being surveyed
Martin was interrogated by a by-stander as
to what his intentions were in locating a town
in such an out-of-the way place. The old
man replied in his characteristic humor,
"Why, by the gods, twenty years from this
time will see a second St. Louis right on this
spot or I am no true prophet." Will-
iam Shipman erected a store building and
engaged in the mercantile business about the
time the village was laid out. He sold both
bouse and goods to Charles Inman two years
later who increased the stock and did a very
good business for about three years when he
closed out and moved from the place.
Among the first business men of the
village was one Daniel Miller, a rough char-
acter, who kept a small grocerj^ and whisky
shop which was the resort of all the desper-
adoes of the country. This place became
such an eyesore to the community that efforts
were made to induce Miller to quit the
whisky business and turn bis attention to
other pursuits. To all these efforts, however,
be turned a deaf ear, and instead of the "dive"
becoming more civil it became worse and
worse. At last the patience of the better
class of citizens became exhausted, and as a
dernier resort a keg of powder was placed
under the building, after the carousers bad
left, the charge was exploded, and the last
seen of the saloon it was flying skyward in
minute fragments. This had the desired
effect, and no saloon was started in the town
again for many years. A man by name of
Rhodes was an early merchant and sold goods
i 1 a little building which stood on the corner
where Hicks' store now stands. John Hig-
gins was an early merchant also; be occupied
the building in which Inman's store was kept
and continued in the business about two
years. The Preston brothers came in about
the year 1855, and erected a large business
house on the corner of Market and Main
streets, which they stocked with goods to the
amount of §10,000. At one time they did as
much, if not more business than anv other
firm in the county, and accumulated consid
erable wealth during their stay in the village.
"Jack " Hasket succeeded them in the year
1861, and continued the business until 1870,
when be sold out to Miller & Paiker. The
firm was afterward changed to Parker &
Kid well and the store moved to the village
of Oblong. At the present time there is but
one store in the place. It is kept by G. B.
Hicks in a large frame building which was
erected by William F. Bottoms in the year
187^.
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
201
The Hardinsville Lodge No. 75G A. F. &
A. .\I. was organized October, 187S, with the
lollovvinsf cliaiter members: William Dvar,
Green B. Hicks, Robert E. Haskins, .John
Mulvean, John M. Donnell, John E. Cullom,
Fay K. Wallar, James Shipman, Mills Hughes,
Joseph C. Hughes and Tliomas H. Haskins.
The first officers were William Dj'ar, W. M;
G. B. Hicks, S. W.; and Robert E. Haskins,
J. W. The officers in charge at the present
time are, John Mulvean, W. M.; John M.
Donnell, S. W.; James Shipman, J. W.; G.
B. Hicks, S. D.; Mills Hughes, Treas.; C. J.
Price, Sect.; C. P. Carlton, J. D. Present
membership about twelve. Meetings are
held in hall over G. B. Hicks' store.
In the year 1855 a small village was laid
out in the western part of the township by
Andrew Nichols, and named Freeport. For
several years it was considered a very good
trading point and supported two good stores,
one mill and a blacksmith shop. These in
time disappeared, and a general decay fast-
ened itself upon the once promising town.
At the present time nothing remains of the
village save a few dismantled and dilapidated
dwellings.
CHAPTEE XYIII.
HONEY CREEK TOWNSHIP— DESCRIPTION AND TOPOGRAPHY— ADVENT OF THE PALE-
FACES, AND THEIR EARLY STRUGGLES— PIONEER IMPROVEMENTS— RELIG-
IOUS HISTORY— AN INCIDENT— SCHOOLS AND SOUltoL-HOUSES—
VILLAGES— PARTING WORDS, ETC., ETC.
" The rank thistle nodded in the wind, and the
wild fox dug his hole unscared." — Sprague.
HONEY CREEK Township, though an
early-settled portion of the county, has
advanced very little in some directions
and its citizens of to-day stand where
their fathers stood fifty years or more
ago, clinging with a wonderful tenacity
to the relics of a bj'-gone period. Here we
still find the primitive log cabin, together
with many of those pioneer customs and
habits, which the few old grandfathers and
grandmothers yet living delight to dwell
upon.
Much of the land in Honey Creek Town-
ship is of a rather inferior quality, as com-
pared to other of the county. It is mostly
timbered land and a good deal of it seems to
be a kind of oak flat with a light, thin soil.
There is, however, some very good land in
the township, but that of a poorer quality
largely predominates. The original timber
growth consisted of several kinds of oak,
hickory, elm, gum, maple, walnut, etc., with
a few other trees and shrubs indigenous to
this section. The Embarras River just barely
touches the southwest corner of the township,
Honey Creek flows through the northwest
corner, and Brush and Sugar Creeks through
the southeast portion. These, with a few
other smaller and nameless streams, constitute
its system of natural drainage. Honey Creek
* By W. H. Perrin.
is bounded on the north by Robinson Town-
ship, on the east by Montgomery Township,
on the south by Lawrence County, and on
the west by Martin and Southwest Townships.
The Wabash railroad passes along the town-
ship line, and has improved the country to
some extent. Several villages have sprung
up since the construction of the road, which
have added their mile to the growth and
prosperity of the surrounding country, but
there still remains vast room lor improvement
and enterprise.
Before the war-whoop of the savage had
died away, the pale-faced pioneers were com-
ing into this portion of the county. The first
white men who located here were John and
Samuel Parker, in 181t>. They were genuine
pioneers, and of that character of men who
were fully able to cope with privation, and
with danger in any form. John and George
Parker, now living in this township, are de-
scendants of these hardy old frontiersman.
John and George Parker came to the town-
ship in 1830, from Kentucky, and settled on
the "range road," near the present village of
Flat Rock. They are of the true pioneer
stock, like their progenitors, and are scarcely
alive to and up with the age of improvement
in which they live.
About the time John and George Parker
came the settlement was further augmented
by the arrival of the following families: The
Seaney family, Seth and Levi Lee, Jesse and
James Higgins, John Hart and Wm. Carter.
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
203
These settlements were made about the time
the land office was established at Palestine.
After this there was quite a cessation in the
arrival of emijvrants, and several years
elap-^ed before vvc hear of any more new-
comers to this immediate vicinity.
Aaron Jones settled here about 183'2. He
was originally from Vir<)-ini^ but settled in
Buller County, Ohio, and ^Ifew years later
came to this county. He died in 18G1, and
his wife soon after followed him to the land
of rest. Mr. Jones made his trip from Butler
County, Ohio, with wagons and teams. The
country was then very wild, and much of the
distance was along Indian trails, and paths
beaten down by hunters and emigrants,
who had preceded him. Indianapolis was a
strasfflinsr villaffe of a few rude cabins, and
the country for miles and miles was without
a single habitation. Robinson had not yet
arisen from the hazel thickets and prairie
grass, and the phase of the country generally
was not inviting by any manner of means.
The first land entered west of the range
road — a road running from Mt. Carmel to Chi-
cago, was entered b}' Asa Jones, a brother
of Mr. J. M. Jones. About the time he
made his entry, one .Tacob Blaythe wanted
to enter a piece of land, and being unable
to distinguish the corner, cut the num-
ber of the land from a tree, and carried the
block to the land-office at Palestine. Rich-
ard Highsmith now living in Honey Creek
assisted to build the fort at Russelville, and
was one of the first who slept in it after its
completion.
Another early settler was Leonard Simons.
He came from Tennessee, and located first at
Palestine, in the days when the people found
it conducive to longevity to live in forts. Af-
terward he settled in this township. He
died in the county aliout 1875, at an ad-
vanced age. Samuel Bussard came originally
from Maryland, but stopped for a time in
Ohio, and came from the Buckeye State to
this county, and settled where his son now
lives. He raised a large family of children,
and died some tvrenty-five years ago. Peter
Kendall, from Kentucky, settled where John
Parker now lives. He moved away some
years ago. Robert Terrill, also from Ken-
tucky, settled in IS-tS, and lives now in Flat
Rock. There were many other pioneers who
deserve a place in these pages, perhaps, but
we failed to obtain their names.
Wolves, panthers, wild-cats, deer, etc., etc.,
were here in the most plentiful profusion
when the first settlements were made. The
rifle of the pioneer supplied his larder with
meat, but bread was not so easily obtained.
Wolves and other ravenuous beasts rendered
the rearing of hogs and sheep a very uncer-
tain business for a number of years — in fact,
until the country was somewhat rid of the
troublesome animals. Milling is usually a
serious task to the early settler in a \^ld
country, and in the settlement of Honey
Creek, the people went to Palestine and other
places until they had mills built in their own
neighborhood. The first roads were merely
trails through the forest. These were cut
out and improved as population increased
and demanded more and better highways.
Silas Tyler, of this township, is the oldest
freemason in the county, or perhaps in the
State. He was initiated in the ancient and
honorable fraternity in 1818, in the State of
New York, being at the time 22 j'ears of age.
He afterward served as master of the lodge
in which he took his degrees. Mr. Tyler,
though not as early a settler of the township
as some others, is certainly as early a mason.
He was in his masonic prime at the time of
the Morgan excitement, and remembers
something of that stormy period to the fra-
ternity.
Of the first school-house in Honey Creek
township, and the fi'-st teacher, but little was
204
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
learned. The first sc}iools here, as in other
parts of the county, were tauc^ht in any cabin
which mioht happen to be vacant. The first
school-houses were built of logs, after the
regular pioneer pattern, and the first teachers
■were as primitive as the buildings in which
they wielded their brief authority. The
townsiiip is now very well supplied with
temples of learning, in which good schools
are taught for the usual term each year.
Relio-ious meetings were held in the
pioneer settlements of this section, almost as
early as the settlements were made. The
first meetings of which we have any reliable
account were held in the old Lamotte school-
house, and the first sermon in the township is
supposed to have been preached by Elder
Daniel Parker, of whom reference has been
made in preceding chapters, and who was
of the "Hardshell" Baptist persuasion. He
was one of the early ministers, not only of
thia but of the surrounding counties, and
■was considered a powerful preacher in his
day. It is told of him, that he would never
accept pecuniary compensation for his minis-
terial labors, but deemed it his duty to preach
salvation to a " lost and ruined world," with-
out money and without price. In this he
differed from his clerical brethren of the
present day. Mr. Seaney relates the follow-
inn- incident of one of Elder Parker's meet-
ings: Mr. Seaney started out one Sunday
morning to look for some calves that had
strayed away from him, when upon nearing
a church or school-house, he encountered a
group of young men, barefooted, dressed in
leather breeches and tow-linen shirts. They
were patiently awaiting the arrival of the
minister, and whiling away the time in " cast-
ing sheep's eyes " at a bevy of young ladies
who had just arrived upon the scene, gor-
geous in "sun-bonnets and barefooted." This
seems on a par with the costume of the Geor-
gia major, which, we are told, consisted of a
paper collar and a pair of spurs, but whether
this was the extent of the young ladies' ward-
robe or not we can not say, but no other ar-
ticles of wearing apparel were mentioned.
The preacher finally made his appearance,
clad, not like John the Forerunner, with "a
leathern girdle about his loins," but in a full
suit of leather. He walked straight into the
house, and as he'flid so he hauled off his old
leather coat and threw it upon the floor.
Then after singing a hime and making a
prayer, he straightened himself, and for two
mortal hours he poured hot shot into " the
wor Id, the flesh and the devil." John Parken
a brother of Daniel Parker, was a preacher
of the same denomination, and used to hold
forth among the early settlers in their cabins,
and at a Ifiter date in the school-houses.
Thomas Kennedy, well known as one of the
early county officers, was also a pioneer Bap-
tist preacher.
Bethel Presbyterian Church was organizsd
m 1853, by Rev. Joseph Butler. Among the
early members were A. D. Delzell, Mrs. M.
E. Delz 11, Wm. Delz-11, Mrs. M. J. Delzell,
L. B. Delzell, John Duncan and Mrs. S. M.
Duncan. Rev. Butler visited them a few
times and then left the society to die, which
it lost but little time in doing. Some of the
members united with the church at Palestine
and some aided in founding the church at
Beckwith prairie a few years later.
Beckwith Prairie Presbyterian Church was
oro-anized bv Revs. E. Howell and Allen Mc-
Farland, and Elder Finley Paul, with twenty-
eifht members, mostly from Old Bethel church
above described. The first elders were James
Richey, Samuel J. Gould and Wm. Delzell.
The ministers, since its organization, have
been Revs. A. McFarland, J. C. Thornton,
Aaron Thompson, Thos. Spencer and John E.
Carson. The house of worship, a neat white
frame, was erected in 1859, at a cost of §1,:300,
and stands on the southeast quarter of section
HISTORY OF CRAWFOED COUNTY.
205
23, one mile from Duncanville, in a southwest
direction.
Good Hope Biiptist Church was organized
in a very early day. Anioni); the earlj- mem-
bers were George Parker, Hiram Jones, Sam-
son Taylor and wile, W. F. Allen, Wm. Croy,
S. Goff and Wm. Carter. The first church
was a log building, erected .about 1848. The
present church is a handsome frame recently
completed, and the membership is in a flour-
ishing condition, and numliers about eighty,
under the pastorate of Elder John L. Cox.
A good Sunday-school is carried on, of which
Hiram Jones is the present superintendent.
The Methodist Episcopal church at Flat
Rock was built about the year 1871. They
had previously held meetings a half mile south
of the village near James Shaw's. We failed
to receive full particulars of this church.
The United Brethren church at New He-
bron was built in 1855-56 by individual sub-
scription. Rev. Mr. Jackson was among the
first ministers. Before the erection of the
church, meetings were held in the school-
houses throughout the neighborhood, and
were participated in by all denominations —
the Methodists at that time being the most
numerous. Samuel Bussard and the Gear
family were among the early members of the
church. A Methodist Episcopal church was
organized here about the time the buildino-
was erected, but the exact date was not ob-
tained. From this it will be seen that the
people of Honey Creek Township have never
lacked for church privileges. If they are not
religious, it is certainly their own fault, and
they can blame none but themselves for any
shortcoming charged to their account.
Villaffes. — The township can boast of
several villages, but all of them are rather
small, and have sprung up mostly since the
building of the railroad. Hebron, or New
Hebron, as it is now called, is an exception.
It was laid out in July, 1840, by Nelson Haw-
ley, and is located on section 31 of township
6 north, range 12 west, or Honey Creek Town-
ship, and was surveyed and platted by Wm.
B. Baker, the official surveyor of the county.
The land was entered by Dr. Hawley in 1839
and the year following he laid out the town.
He practiced medicine in the neighborhood
until 1850, or thereabout, when he opened a
store in Hebron, the first effort at merchan-
dizing in the place. He was from Ohio, and
was a local preacher, as well as a physician,
and administered to the soul's comforts as well
as to the body's infirmities. After establish-
ing a store at Hebron, he ceased the practice
of medicine except in cases of emergency,
when he was found always ready to lend his
assistance in relieving suffering humanity.
He eventually moved to OIney, where he de-
voted his time wholly to the ministry. He
was the first postmaster at Hebron, as well
as the first merchant and phvsician.
Leonard Cullom opened a store in the old
Hawley building after Hawley had moved to
Olney. Cullom came to the county when a
boy and lived for a time in old Fort Lamotte.
He remained in business in Hebron but a
short time, when he moved his goods back to
Palestine. A man named Newton was the
next merchant, and about ISGO John Haley
opened a store. He has been in business
here ever since. He keeps both the hotel and
store, and is also the present postmaster.
The first house in New Hebron was built
by Thomas Swearingen. A tread-wheel mill
was built by Dr. Hawley at an early day, most
probably the first mill in the township. It
was afterward converted into a steam-mill; a
saw-mill now forms a part of it. The boards
for the original mill were all sawed out with
whip-saws. Hezekiah Bussard was the first
blacksmith; Wm. Gates was the next, and J.
S. Bussard and S. H. Preston now follow the
same business.
A school-house, the first built in Hebron.
206
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
■was erected about the year 1S4"2, and has long
since passed away. It was constructed of
logs and was used for all purposes. A brick
school-house was built to take its place, about
1858, situated in the south part of the town.
It is also gone, and the neat frame was
built about ten years ago.
The village of Flat Rock was laid out April
20, 1876, by J. W. Jones. It is the old town
of Flat Rock somewhat modified, and moved
to the railroad. It is situated on the east
half of the southeast quarter of section 6,
township 5 north, range 11 west, and was sur-
veyed by John Waterhouse for the proprie-
tor. The first merchant was J. W. Jones, who
kept a grocery store and sold whisky. He
commenced business in a small way, and has
been very successful. In 1876 he built a
large store-house, fronting the railroad, where
he still does a prosperous business. S. P.
Duff was the second merchant, and started a
store soon after the railroad was built. To
sum up his history as it was given to us — he
eloped with a neighbor's wife, and his store
was closed out by creditors. I. Golf next
started a dry goods store, but did not continue
long in the business, when he closed out and
rented his store-house to J. W. Jones. Dr.
A. L. Malone established the next store, but
after operating ic a short time removed his
stock to Palestine.
A drug store was established in Flat Rock
by Dr. H. Jenner and S. R. Ford. James
Kirker had started a drug store sometime
previously, and sold out to Jenner and Ford,
who continued about eighteen months, when
they sold out to Bristow & Barton ; the
latter sold to A. W. Duncan who still carries
on the business. Other lines of business have
been opened, and Flat Rock is jus ly con-
sidered one of the best trading points in the
county. A masonic lodge has been organized
in the village, but of its history we failed to
learn any particulars.
Duncansville is located on the northeast
quarter of the northwest quarter of section
24, township 6 north, range 12 west, and was
laid out September 6, 1876, for R. N. Dun-
can, the owner of the land. Its existence may
be accredited to the building of the railroad,
as its birth has been subsequent to the com-
pletion of the road. The first store was kept
by T. L. Nichols. He was succeeded by A.
S. Maxwell, who is still merchandizing in the
place, and doing a thriving business. A saw-
mill, with a shop or two, and a few resi-
dences constitute all there is of the town.
Port Jackson is situated on the Embarras
river about ten miles south of Robinson. It
was laid out May 22, 1853, by Samuel Hanes,
and years ago, was a place of some impor-
tance, a point from whence shipping by flat-
boats on the Embarras River was carried on
to a considerable extent. Hanes built a mill
here and opened a store, and did a rather
lucrative business for several years. A dis-
tillery was built and operated until the be-
ginning of the war. Hanes finally moved
away, and the town went down. The build-
insr of the railroad, and the laying out of
other towns, has buried Port Jackson beyond
the hope of resurrection.
Parting IVoi'ds. — This brings us to the
close of the first part of this volume, the con-
clusion of the history of Crawford County.
" How dull it is to pause, to make an end,
To rust unburnished, not to shine in use !
As though to breathe were life."
The writer has appeared in the roll of his-
torian to this community probably for the last
time. The task of rescuing from oblivion the
annals of the county, and of preserving on
record the deeds of the pioneers who have
made it what it is, though an onerous, has
been a pleasant one, as well from a love of
the work, as that he once considered himself
a part — though a very small one — of the
county. That he has been permitted to dis-
'ctk/
HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
209
charge this duty affords him no little satis-
faction. While the work may be somewhat
imperfect in minor details, it is believed to be,
on the whole, substantially correct. And now
that it is fitiished, the writer strikes hands
with the old pioneers, with whom his stay has
been so pleasant, and with his many friends
throughout the county, with a kind of mourn-
ful and melancholy pleasure, conscious that
their next meeting will be beyond the beauti-
ful river, for the pioneers still left, who con-
stituted the advance guard — the forlorn hope
of civilization in the Wabash Valley, must
pass to that " bourne whence no traveler
returns." It is not probable, then, that we shall
meet again, and the writer with many kind
remembrances of the people of Crawford
County, bids them — farewell.
PART 11.
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
CHAPTER I*
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OP CLARK COUNTY— TOPOGRAPHY AND PHYSICAL FEATURES-
GEOLOGY— COAL MEASURES— THE STORY OF THE ROCKS-BUILDING STONE-
SOILS, TIMBER AND PRODUCTIONS— ARTESIAN WELL— THE MOUND
BUILDERS AND THEIR WORKS— INDIAN RELICS, ETC., ETC.
" Ye mouklering relics of departed years,
Your names have perished; not a trace remains," etc.
CLARK County, originally, was diversified
between woodland and prairie. It is situ-
ated on the eastern border of the State, and is
bounded on the north by Edgar and Coles
Counties, on the east by the Indiana line and
tlie Wabash River, on the south by Crawford,
and on the west by Cumberland and Coles
Counties. It contains ten full and eight frac-
tional townships, making a total area of about
five hundred and thirteen square miles. The
surface of the country in the western portion
of the county is generally rolling, though
some of the prairies are rather Hat. The
eastern portion is much more broken, especial-
ly in the vicinity of the Wabash bluffs, where
it becomes quite hilly and is often broken into
steep ridges along the courses of the small
streams. The general level of the surface of
the highlands above the railroad at Terre
* The succeeding' chapters on the county at large,
have been written and prepared by Hamilton Sutton,
Esq., for this volume. — Ed.]
Haute, which is a few feet above the level of
high water in the Wabash, is from one hun-
dred and twenty-five to one hundred and
fifty feet. The principal streams in the west-
ern part of the county are North Fork (of the
Embarras) which flows from north to south,
and empties in the Embarras River in the
eastern part of .lasper County; and Hurricane
Creek, which rises in the south part of Edgar
County, and after a general course of south
twenty degrees east, discharges its waters into
the Wabash River near the southeast corner of
the county. In the eastern part of the county,
Big Creek, and two or three of less note, after
a general southeast course in this county,
empty into the Wabash River. The North
Fork, throughout nearly its whole course, runs
through a broad, flat valley, affording no ex-
posures of the underlying rocks, and the bluffs
on either side are composed of drift clays, and
rise from thirty to fifty feet or more above the
valley, and at several points where wells have
been sunk, these clays and underlying quick-
sands are found to extend to an equal depth
beneath the bed of the stream. The creeks
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
211
ill the eastern portion of the county are
skirted by bluffs of rock throup,-h some por-
tion of their courses, and afford a better
opportunit}' for determining the geological
structure of the county.
Geology.* — The quarternary system is
represented in this county by the alluvial
deposits of the river and creek valleys, the
Loess of the Wabash bluffs, the gravelly clays
and hard-pan of the true drift, and the under-
lying stratified sands that are sometimes
found immediately above the bed rock. The
drift deposits proper vary in thickness from
twenty to seventy-five feet or more, the upper
portion being usually a yellow gravelly clay
with local beds or pockets of sand. The
lower division is mainly composed of a bluish-
eray hard-pan, exceedingly tough and hard to
penetrate, usually impervious to water, and
from thirty to fifty feet in thickness. This is
underlaid by a few feet of sand, from which
an abundant supply of water can be had
when it can not be found at a higher level.
A common method of obtaining water on the
highlands of this county, where a sufficient
supply is not found in the upper portion of
the drift, is to sink a well into the hard-pan,
and then bore through that deposit to the
quicksand below, where an unfailing sup|)ly is
usually obtained. Bowlders of granite, sye-
nite, trap, )orphyry, quartzite, etc., many of
them of large size, are abundant in the drift
deposits of this county, and nuggets of native
copper and galena are occasionally met with,
having been transported along with the more
massive bowlders, by the floating ice, which
seems to have been the main transporting
agency of our drift deposits.
Coal 3feasures. — All the rocks found in this
county belong to the Coal Measures, and
include all the beds from the limestone th.it lies
about ?5 feet above Coal No. 7, to the sand-
* State geological sm-vey.
stone above the Quarry Creek limestone, and
possibly Coal No. 14 of the general section.
These beds are all above the main workable
coals, and although they include a total thick-
ness of about 400 feet, and the horizon of five
or six coal seams, yet none of them have been
found in this county more than from twelve
to eighteen inches in thickness. In the north-
west part of the county several borings were
made for oil during the oil excitement, some
of which were reported to be over 000 feet in
depth; but as no accurate record^ seems to
have been kept, the expenditure resulted in
no general benefit further than to determine
that no deposits of oil of any value existed in
the vicinity at the depth penetrated. The
following record of the "old well," or "T. R.
Young Well," was furnished to Prof. Cox by
Mr. Lindsey : Soil and drift clay, 23 feet;
hard-pan, .30 feet; sandstone, 20 feet; mud-
stone, 20 feet; coal and bituminous shale, 3
feet; sandstone, 23 feet; coal, 1 foot; sand-
stone, 5 feet; clay shale — soapstone, so-called,
23 feet; blackshale, 9 feet; sandstone, 12 feet;
coal, 1 foot; sandstone, 90 feet; mudstone, 2
feet; hard-rock, 1 foot; sandstone, 52 feet.
The upper part of this boring corresponds
very well with our general section, except in
the absence of the Quarry Creek limestone,
which should have been found where they
report 20 feet of " mud-stone," but whatever
that may have been, it seems hardly probable
that such a terra would be used to designate
a hard and tolerably pure limestone. This
well was tubed with gas-pipe for some eight
or ten feet above the surface, and water, gas,
and about half a gallon of oil, per day, were
discharged. All the wells, so far as I could
learn, discharged water at the surface, show-
inn- that artesian water could be readily
obtained here, but it was all more or less
impregnated with mineral matters and oil,
sufficient to render it unfit for. common use.
212
HISTOUY OF CLARK COUNTY.
TliG 900-i'oot well must have been carried
quite through the Coal Measures, and if an
accurate journal had been kept, the int'orma-
tion it would have afforded would have been
of great value to the people of this as well as
of the adjacent counties. It would have gone
far toward settling the question as to the
number and thickness of the workable coals
for all this portion of the State and the depth
at which they could be reached from certain
specified horizons, as, for instance, from the
base of the Quarry Creek or Livingston lime-
stones, or from either one of their coals of the
upper measures that were passed through in
this boring. As it is, the expenditure was
an utter waste of capital, except in so far as
it may have taught those directly engaged in
the operation the folly of boring for oil where
there was no reasonable expectation of find-
ing it in quantities sufficient to justify such
an expenditure of time and money.
The beds forming the upper part of the
general section in this county are exposed on
Quarry Creek south of Casey and one mile
and a half east of Martinsville, on the upper
course of Hurricane Creek, and the Blackburn
branch southeast of Parker prairie. At the
quarry a mile and a half east of Martinsville,
the limestone is heavy-Iiedded, and has been
extensively quarried for bridge abutments,
culverts, etc., on the old National Road. The
bed is not fully exposed here, and seems to
be somewhat thinner than at Quarry Creek,
where it probably attains its maximum thick-
ness, but thins out both to the northeast and
southwest from that point. The upper part
of the bed is generally quite massive, afford-
ing beds two feet or more in thickness, while
the lower beds are thinner, and at the base it
becomes shaly, and locally passes into a green
clay with thin plates and nodules of limestone.
These shaly layers afford many fine fossils in
a very perfect state of preservation, though
they are neither as numerous nor as well pre-
served here as at the outcrops of this lime-
stone in Edgar County. Possibly the appar-
ent thinning out of this limestone to the
northward in this county may be due to sur-
face erosion, as we nowhere saw the overlay-
ing sandstone in situ, and Prof. Bradley gives
the thickness of this bed in Edgar County as
above 25 feet, which does not indicate a very
decided diminution of its thickness in a north-
easterly direction. Below this limestone, in
the vicinity of Martinsville, there are partial
outcrops of shale and thin-bedded sandstone,
with a thin coal, probably No. 4 of the pre-
ceding section, and southwest of the town
and about three-quarters of a mile from it
there is a partial outcrop of the lower portion
of the limestone in the bluff on the east side
of the North Fork valley, where we obtained
numerous fossils belonging to this horizon.
West and northwest of Martinsville no rocks
are exposed in the bluffs of the creek for stmu
distance, but higher up partial outcrops of a
sandstone, probably overlaying the Quairy
Creek limestone may be found.
At Quarrj' Creek, about a mile and a half
south of Casey, on section 28, township 10,
range 14, this limestone appears in full force,
and has been extensively quarried, both for
building stone and the manufacture of quick-
lime. It is here a mottled-gray, compact
limestone, locally brecciated, and partiy in
regular beds from six inches to two feet or
more in thickness. At least 25 to 30 feet of
limestone is exposed here, and as the overly-
ing sandstone is not seen, its aggregate thick-
ness may be even more than the above esti-
mate. At its base the limestone becomes
thin-bedded and shaly, passing into a green-
ish calcareous shale with thin plates and nod-
ules of limestone abounding in the character-
istic fossils of this horizon. At one point of
this creek a bed of green shale about two feet
in thickness was found intercalated in the
limestone. A large amount of this stone was
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
213
quarried here for lime, for macadamizing ma-
terial and for bridge abutments on tne old
National Road, and this locality still furnisiies
the needed supply of lime and building stone
for all the surrounding country. At the base
of the limestone here there is a partial ex-
posure of bituminous shale and a thin coal,
probably representing the horizon of Xo. 4
of the preceding section, below which some
ten or twelve feet of sandy shale was seen.
On Hurricane branch, commencing on sec-
tion 14, township 10, range 13,. and extending
down the creek for a iistance of two miles or
more, tiiere are continuous outcrops of sand-
stone and sandy shales — No. 12 of the county
section. The upper portion is shaly with
some thin-bedded sandstone, passing down-
ward into a massive, partly concretionary
sandstone that forms bold cliffs along the
banks of the stream from twenty to thirty
feet in height. At the base of this sandstone
there is a band of pebbly conglomerate from
one to three feet in thickness, containing
fragments of fossil wood in a partially car-
bonized condition, and mineral charcoal. The
regularly bedded layers of this sandstone have
been extensively quarried on this creek for
the construction of culverts and bridge abut-
ments in this vicinity, and the rock is found
to harden on exposure, and proves to be a
valuable stone for such uses. Some of tjie
layers are of the proper thickness for flag-
stone, and from their even bedding can be
readily quarried of the required size and
thickness. This sandstone is underlaid \)y
an argillaceous shale, and a black slate which,
where first observed, was only two or three
inches thick, but gradually increased down
stream to a thickness of about fifteen inches.
The blue shale above it contains concretions
of argillaceous limestone with numerous fos-
sils, which indicate the horizon of No. 13
coal, and in Lawrence, White and Wabash
Counties we find -a well-defined coal seam as-
sociated with a similar shale containing the
same group of fossils, but possibly belonging
to a somewhat lower horizon.
The limestone on Joe's Fork are the equiv-
alents of the Livingstone limestone, and
they pass below the bed of the creek about a
mile above the old mill. The sandstone
overlaying the upper limestone here, when
evenly bedded, is quarried for building stone,
and affords a very good and durable material
of this kind for common* use. At the mouth
of Joe's Fork the lower limestone is partly
below the creek bed, the upp?r four feet only
being visible, and above it we find clay shale
two feet, coal ten inches, shale five to six feet,
succeeded by the upper limestone which is here
only three or four feet thick. The upper
limestone at the outcrop here is thinly and
unevenl}' bedded and weathers to a rusty
brown color. The lower limestone is more
heavily bedded, but splits to fragments on
exposure to frost and moisture. It is of a
mottled gray color when freshly broken, Init
weathers to a yellowish-brown. Fossils were
not abundant in either bed, but the lower
afforded a few specimens oiAthyris iSubtilita,
a coral like JlcUophyllum, Froductus costa-
tus and Terehratula boindens. At Mr.
Spangier's place, on Section Vi in Melrose
Township, a hard brittle, gray limestone out-
crops on a branch of Mill Creek. The bed is
about eight feet in thickness, and is under-
laid by a few feet of partly bituminous shale
and a thin coal from six to eight inches thick.
The upper bed of limestone (No. 18 of the
County Section), is traversed by veins of cal-
cite and brown ferruginous streaks, that give
the rock a mottled appearance when freshly
broken. The upper layer of the lower bed is
about thirty inches thick, and is a tough, com-
pact, gray rock, that breaks with an even
surface and has a slightly granular or semi-
volitic appearance. The lower part of this
bed is a mottled gray fine-grained limestone
214
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
and breaks with a more or less conchoidal
fracture. The upper division of this limestone
thins out entirely about a mile above the
bridge, and passes into a green shale like that
by which the limestones are separated. The
tumbling masses of limestone that are found
in the hill-tops above the railroad bridge, no
doubt belong to the Quarry Creek bed, which
is found in partial outcrops not more than
half a mile back from the creek, and from
eighty to ninety feet above its level. The in-
tervening sandstones and shales which separate
these limestones in the northeastern part of
the county are much thinner than where they
outcrop on Hurricane and Mill Creeks in the
southern portion indicating a general thinning
out of the strata below the Quarry Creek bed
to the northward.
The coal SPam at Murphy's place, near the
mouth of Ashmore Creek, on Section 20,T. 11,
R. 10, averages about eighteen inches in thick-
ness and affords a coal of fair quality. Trac-
ing the bluff northeastwardly from this point
the beds rise rapidly, and about half a mile
from Murphy's there is about thirty feet of
drab-colored shales exposed beneath the lime-
stone which is here found well up in the hill.
At the foot of the bluff on Clear Creek, near
the State line, a mottled brown and gray
limestone four to five feet in thickness is
found, underlaid by ten or twelve feet of vari-
egated shales which are the lowest beds seen
in the county. Extensive quarries were
opened in this limestone to supply material
for building the old National Road, and in the
debris of these old quarries were obtained
numerous fossils from the marly layers tiirown
off in stripping the solid limestone beds that
lay below. The limestone is a tough, fine-
grained, mottled, brown and gray rock, in
tolerably heavy beds, which makes an excel-
lent macadamizing material, and also affords
a durable stone for culverts, bridge abutments
and foundation walls. From what has already
been stated it will be inferred that there is no
great amount of coal accessible in this county,
except by deep mining. In the thin seams
outcropping at Murphy's place, near the Wa-
bash River, and at Mr. Howe's and Mrs.
Brant's, southeast of Casey, the coal varies in
thickness from a foot to eighteen inches, and
though of a fair quality the beds are too thin
to justify working them except by stripping
the seams along their outcrop in the creek
valleys. The coal at Murphy's place has a
good roof of bituminous shale and limestone,
and could be worked successfully by the ordi-
nary method of tunnelling if it should be
found to thicken anywhere to twenty-four or
thirty inches. The higher seams found at the
localities above named, southeast of Casey,
are thinner than at Mr. Murphy's, though one
or both of the upper ones are said to have a
local thickness of eighteen inches. There is
no good reason to believe that the main work-
able seams that are found outcropping in the
adjacent portions of Indiana, should not be
found by shafting down to their proper horizon
in this county, notwithstanding the reported
results of the oii-well borings in the north-
western portion of the county.
The writer specially requested Mr. David
Baughman to furnish him with particulars of
an artesian well sunk on his place in 1873-74
In reply he received the following in substance
from Mr. Baughman: The well was sunk to a
depth of 1,211 feet, and showed the following
section: At a depth of 110 feet coal was
reached, four and three quarter feet thick; two
feet of fine clay was found underlying it. At
the depth of 144 feet, a vein of coal tbi-ee feet
thick was found; and at the depth of 230 feet a
vein of coal over seven feet in thickness was
found, specimens of which, Mr. Baughman in-
forms us, he has on hand, subject to the inspec-
tion of any who may wish to examine them. If
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
215
there is no mistake in the reported section of
this well, there are veins of coal to be found
in that locality at a depth to justify their
being profital)lj^ worked.
Building Utone. — Clark County is well
supplied with both freestone and limestone
suitable for all ordinary building purposes.
The sandstone bed on Hurricane Creek,
southeast of Martinsville, is partly an
even-bedded freestone, that works freely
and hardens on exposure and is a reliable
stone for all ordinary uses. The abut-
ments of the bridge over the North Fork on
the o;d National Road were constructed of
this sandstone, which is still sound, although
more than thirty years have passed away since
thev were built. The sandstone bed overlying
the limestone at the old Anderson mill below
the mouth of Joe's Fork, also affords a good
building stone, as well as material for grind-
stones, and the evenlj'-bedded sandstone
higher up on Joe's Fork, which overlies the
green shales, is of a similar character, and af-
fords an excellent building stone. Each of
the three limestones in this county furnishes an
excellent macadamizing material, and the
Quarry Creek limestone, as well as the beds
near Livingston, furnish dimension stone and
material for foundation walls of good quality.
A fair quality of quicklime is made from both
the limestones above named, and on Quarry
Creek the kilns are kept in constant operation
to supply the demands for this article in the
adjacent region.
An excellent article of white claj', suitable
for pottery or fire-brick, was found in the
shaft near Marshall, about eighty to eighty-
five feet below the Livingston limestone and
about fifty feet above the coal in the bottom
of the shaft, which was probably the same coal
found at Murphj-'s. This bed of clay would
]>robubly be found outcropping in the Wabash
bluffs, not far below Murphy's place.
Soil and Timber. — The soil i~ generally a
chocolate-colored sandy loam, where the sur-
face is rolling, but darker colored on the flat
prairies, and more mucky, from the large per
cent of humus which it contains. The prai-
ries are generally of small size, and the county
is well timbered with the following varieties:
White oak, red oak, black oak, pine oak,
water oak, shell-bark and pig-nut hickory,
beech, poplar, black and white walnut, white
and sugar maple, slippery and red elm, hack-
berry, linden, quaking ash, wild cherry, honey
locust, red birch, sassafras, pecan, coffee-nut,
black gum, white and blue ash, log- wood, red-
bud, sycamore, cotton wood, buckeye, per-
simmon, willow, etc. The bottom lands along
the small streams, and the broken lands in the
vicinity of the Wabash bluffs, sustain a very
heavy growth of timber, and fine groves are
also found skirting all the smaller streams
and dotting the upland in the prairie region.
As an agricultural region this county ranks
among the best on the eastern border of the
State, producing annually fine crops of corn,
wheat, oats, grass, and all the fruits and
veo-etables usually grown in this climate.
Market facilities are abundantly supplied by
the Wabash River, the Vandalia, Wabash
and other railroads passing through the
county, furnishing an easy communication
with St. Louis on the west, or the cities of
Terre Haute and Indianapolis on the east, and
Chicago on the north. Notwithstanding the
fine character of the soil and lands of the
county, much of the land has been almost
worn thread-bare by constant cultivation, no
rest, and no manuring or fertilizing. By
proper means it may be improved, and re-
stored to its original quality and strength.
In addition to the indications of coal, the
county contains mineral wealth to some ex-
tent, though perhaps not in sufficient quanti-
ties to justify mining. ' At one time it was
believed that silver existed here in consider-
able quantities, and the excitement occasioned
216
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
thereby was, for a time, intense. The people
nearly went wild, and lands supposed to be
impregnated with silver were held at fabulous
prices. But the most critical examination
by experts showed that while silver actually
existed in many places, it was in such a lim-
ited way as to be wholly unremuncrative to
even attempt to do anything toward mining.
Further particulars of the silver excitement
will be given in the township chapters.
JI/oMwrfs.— Clark County abounds in mounds,
relics of that lost race of people of whom
nothing is definitely known. These mounds,
the origin of which is lost in the mists of re-
mote antiquity, and of which not even tradi-
tionary accounts remain, number about thirty
in this county, and extend along the Wabash
river, and at the edge of the prairie from near
Darwin to below York, thence into Crawford
county. They are of different sizes and shape,
and some of them of considerable extent, rang-
ing from ten to sixty feet in diameter, and
from two to fifteen feet high. In early times
they were much higher, having been worn and
cut down by the cultivation of the land; in-
deed, some of them are almost if not entirely
obliterated, while all, at least, have been more
or less reduced in altitude. The largest is on
the land of James Lanhead, near York, and
one and a fourth miles from the river. This
mound has been explored, and from its depths
were taken stone hatchets, fragments of
earthenware, arrow-heads, flints, etc. Sev-
eral others have been opened of late years,
with much the same results.
[It has been pretty definitely settled by
pre-historic writers, that these mounds were
actually built by a race of people, and
■were of different kinds, viz.: temple mounds;
mounds of defense; burial mounds; sacrifi-
cial mounds, etc., etc. See Part I of
this work. — Ed.] The countless hands that
erected them; the long succession of genera-
tions that once inhabited the adjacent coun-
try, animating them with their labors, their
hunting and wars, their songs and dances,
have long since passed away. Oblivion has
drawn her impenetrable veil over their whole
history; no lettered page, no sculptured mon-
ument informs us who they were, whence they
came, or the period of their existence. In
vain has science sought to penetrate the gloom
and solve the problem locked in the breast of
the voiceless past, but every theory advanced,
every reason assigned, ends where it began,
in speculation.
" Ye moklering relics of departed years,
Your names have perished; not a trace remains,
Save where the grass-grown mound its summit rears
From the green bosom of your native plains —
Say, do your spirits wear oblivion's chains?
Did death forever quench your hopes and fears?"
The antiquities of Clark County are similar
to other portions of the State. Indian graves
are not uncommon, especially in the vicinity
of the mounds above described. Fragments
of bones, and in one or two instances whole
skeletons in a remarkable state of preserva-
tion have been found. Near Rock Hill church,
on Union Prairie, in the year 1850, Jonathan
Hogue, while digging a cellar and some post-
holes, discovered three stone-walled graves
within a radius of a hundred feet, and about
two feet beneath the surface, each containing
the perfect skeleton of an adult person in a
silting posture facing the sunrise. Flints,
arrow-heads, etc., were also found in these
graves. In other instances graves have been
found, where the length from head to foot did
not exceed four feet, and yet contained a
skeleton of full stature. This, at first, gave
rise to the belief that the skeletons of a race
of pigmies had been discovered. But a more
careful examination of the position of the
bones showed that the leg and thigh bones
laid parallel, and that the corpse had been
buried with the knees bent in that position.
/
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
217
In natural advantages Clark County is in-
ferior to none of her sister counties. She has
her Dolson and Parlcer Prairies, ar.ible and
productive; her Rich woods, which are all the
name implies; her Walnut and Union Prai-
ries, the garden spots of Illinois. She lias her
river and creek bottoms, receiving their allu-
vial deposits from the annual overflows, ren-
dering them inexhaustible in fertility. She
'las her barrens, capable of producing almost
any product grown in this latitude. Has her
hill country, that only awaits the sinking of
tiie shaft and the light of the miner's lamp to
reveal coal-beds of exceeding richness. Sil-
ver, too, has already been found in small
quantities, at the mine already opened in Wa-
bash township, by enterprising citizens, and
there is no foretelling the possibilities. Pe-
troleum exists in many parts of the county,
and yet flows from the Young well, in Parker
township. Capita! will, at no distant future,
explore the hidden depths, and compel it to
become an important factor in the wealth and
commerce of the county.
As a county, she is admirably adapted to
the growth of all products peculiar to an ex-
cellent soil in this latitude. Corn grows lux-
uriantly, and yields abundantly; the various
esculents attain perfection, and as a wheat
and grass county, ranks among the foremost
in the State. There is no portion of it but
what is well adapted to the growth of large
fruits, and within her limits are some very fine
orchards. Small fruits, of all varieties com-
mon to the climate, seem indigenous to our
soil, and with little care and attention return
bounteous yields.
Stock raising is one of her great resources,
and can be prosecuted with large profits. It
is an industry that has rapidly increased since
the advent of railroads, and ono that is attract-
ing attention and capital. And large areas of
land, where once the craviffish raised his hill-
ock, and the frog and the turtle held sway,
now sustain herds of cattle and flocks of
sheep.
The health of the county isinferior to none.
With the exception of chills ane fever along
the miasmatic river and creek bottoms, there
is but little sickness. Our county being a
pleteau exceeding in elevation any adjoining
counties, the atmosphere is naturally purer
and more salubrious, and as a consequence,
ths mortality among our people, in proportion
to population, is as little as any county in the
State. We have the purest water to be found
anywhere. Living springs gush out in
countless places, and nature's pure and whole-
some beverage can be found anywhere for
the digging. Our railroad advantages are
first-class, abundantly able to accommodate
all the wants of commerce. We have supe-
rior educational facilities, the efficiency of
our school system being evidenced on every
side; and the corps of teachers throughout
the county, far above the average. Our peo-
ple, as a class, are tetnperate, law abiding and
industrious; and religious denominations with
large followings flourish in country and town.
Clark is capable of supporting a dense pop-
ulation, and offers superior inducements to
immigrants of all kinds. The farmer in
search of a home, can purchase lands, im-
proved or unimproved, at reasonable rates;
the artisan can find employment for his skill,
the laborer find employment, the professional
man find business. There is room for ail.
Although Clark -si as one of the pioneer
counties of the Wabash Valley, and although
one of her towns at one time rivaled Terre
Haute, yet she was among the last to receive
within her territory one of those mighty arter-
ies of commerce, a railroad.
For two decades or more her condition was
that of inaction and stagnation. Owing to
various disappointments in regard to the
building of railroads through the county, men
of skill and enterprise, as well as capital, left
218
HISTORY OF CLAKK COUNTY.
her to seek elsewhere locations more conge-
nial and better adapted to active business
pursuits. This centrifugal influence came
very near depleting the countj' of the best
part of her population. They went to places
where the transportation facilities were equal
to the wants of the people, and where years
of their lives would not be spent in listless
apathy.
She sat supinely by, after the failure and
disappointment in her railroad projects, and
saw the rushing trains speed across the do-
mains of hersister counties, by far her juniors.
Saw their uninterrupted course of prosperity;
saw their lands rise rapidly in value — saw
the smoke of their factories — heard the dull
thunder of their mills. Saw them in the
front rank of advancement, marching to tlie
grand music of progress. Saw them double,
even treble, her in wealth.
But things were changed as by some ma-
gician's power. When the first shriek of the
locomotive awoke the echoes of her hills, and
the rumble of the trains rolled across her
prairies, old Clark arose, Phcenix like, from
the ashes of her sloth, and like a young giant,
shook off the lethargy that bound her; took
up the line of march toward prosperity, and
made gigantic strides toward the position she
should occupy in modern progress. She was
infused with new life, and capital and enter-
prise were attracted to her borders.
Her advancement has been almost phe-
nomenal, and has far exceeded the anticipa-
tions of the most sanguine. Inaction gave
way to energy, and lethargy to enterprise.
Emigrants poured in, land and lots increased
in value; farms were opened in every section,
and industry flourished beyond precedent.
Towns and villages sprang up as if by magic.
Tidy farm-houses, neat and tasty school-hous-
es, and churches, those surest indexes of
prosperity and culture, and mighty promoters
of all that is good, dotted the prairies and
nestled in the uplands. Every department of
business received an impetus powerful and
lasting, and the trades flourished as they had
never before. She entered upon an era of
unprecedented prosperity. Improvements
were visible on every hand. Where once sol-
itude reigned, the hum and smoke of the
mills fret and darken the air. Her future is
indeed bright. She is grid-ironed with rail-
roads and sieved with telegraphs, and the
products of her fields reach an hundred marts.
And when her immense agricultural and min-
eral resources are fully developed, old Clark
will occupy a proud position in the galaxy of
counties that compose this mighty State. To-
day, Clark stands side bj' side with her sister
counties of the Wabash Valley, in agriculture
and all its kindred associations. It on !y needs
the active energy of her citizens to place her
in the van, advancing as the years advance,
until the goal of her ambition is reached.
CHAPTER II,
EARLY SETTLEMENTS-THE PIONEERS AND WHERE THEY CAME FROM— THEIR HARD
LIFE, RUDE DWELLINGS AND COARSE CLOTHING— INCIDENT OF A BISCUIT—
SALT-NEGRO SLAVERY— AN EXCITING CAMPAIGN— COL. ARCHER-
GAME-" MARKS" AND " BRANDS "—TAXATION— THE
INDIANS-SHOOTING MATCHES— EARLY SOCIETY
—CHRISTIANITY AND PIONEER PREACH-
ERS—INTEMPERANCE— THE
CLIMATE, ETC., ETC.
" Great nature spoke; oliservant men obey'd;
Cities were built, societies were made:
Here rose a little State; another near
Grew by like means, and join'u through love or
fear." — Pope.
IT has been said, that civilization is a
forced condition of existence, to which
man is stimulated by a desire to gratify arti-
ficial wants. And again, it has been written
by a gifted, but gloomy misanthrope, that "As
soon as you thrust the plowshare under the
earth, it teems with worms and useless weeds.
It increases population to an unnatural extent
— creates the necessity of penal enactments —
builds the jails — erects the gallows — spreads
over the human face a mask of deception and
selfishness — and substitutes villainy, love of
wealth and power, in the place of the single-
minded honesty, the hospitality and the honor
of the natural state." These arguments are
erroneous, and are substantiated neither by
history or observation. Civilization tends to
the advancement and elevation of man; Lifts
him from savagery and barbarism, to refine-
ment and intelligence. It inspires him with
higher and holier thoughts — loftier ambitions,
and its ultimate objects are his moral and
physical happiness. But as every positive of
good has its negative of evil, so enlightened
society has its sombre side — its wickedness
anil iminoralities.
The pioneer is civilization's forlorn hope.
Without him, limited would be its dominions.
He it is who forsakes all the comforts and
surroundings of civilized life — all that makes
existence enjoyable; abandons his early home,
bids adieu to parents, sisters and brothers,
and turns his face toward the vast illimitable
West. With iron nerve.s and lion hearts, these
unsung heroes plunge into the gloomy wilder-
ness, exposed to perils and disease in a thou-
sand different forms, and after years of in-
credible toils and privations they subdue the
forest, and thus prepare the way for those
who follow.
"Who were the first settlers of Clark
County? " is a question most difficult to satis-
factorily answer. There is considerable di-
versitjr of opinion among our oldest living citi-
zens as to the first pioneers. There is a
story extant that the first white inhabitant of
Clark, as its territory is now defined, was a
man who shot and killed his brother at Vin-
cennes, in 1810; he escaped in a canoe and
paddled up the Wabash, landing near the
present Chenoweth ferry, and lived a wild,
semi-savage life, a fugitive from justice. It
is said he was seen by one or more of the
settlers who came years later, and that the
Indians asserted the fact of his existence, and
tiiat he was the first wliite inhabitant of the
220
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
county. There is nothing corroborative of
this stor}', find we niaj' regard it as one of the
many traditions of the past.
As early as 1812, Fort Lamotte, on the site
of Palestine, was built, and the nearest settle-
ment, except Vincennes, was Fort Harrison»
near Terre Haute. A family named Hutson,
however, located about five miles north of
Palestine, where they were massacred by the
Indians, and their buildings destroyed. As
the savages were troublesome and hostile
during the war of 1813, it is hardly probable
that there were any settlements in Clark prior
to its close, though it has been strenuously
asserted that settlements were made in the
county as early as 1814. From the roost reli-
able information obtainable, the first perma-
nent settlers were the Handys; Thomas, and
his sons John and Stephen. They came from
Post St. Vincent, near Vincennes, to Union
Prairie, in the spring of 1815; broke ground
planted and raised a crop of corn, erected cab-
ins, and in the fall ensuing, removed their fam-
ilies hither. Thomas, the father, settled on the
farm now occupied by James Harrison; John,
where West Union stands, and Stephen, on
the farm occupied by Mrs. Sophronia Brooks.
The late Thomas Handy, son of John, once
prominent and well known among our people,
is said to have been the first white child born
in Clark County. This is disputed by some
of the oldest living settlers, who assert posi-
tively, that Scott Hogue and Isabel Handy,
born within a few hours of each other, saw the
light of day prior to Thomas.
In the year following, there were signs of
Indian hostilities and the Handys erected
a fort or stockade on the hill, one half
mile south of West Union, called it " Fort
Handy," and removed their families there
for security. The well dug within the work,
and which furnished the water supply for the
dwellers, could be seen a few years ago.
This fort, the only structure of the kind ever
built in the county, was situated on the pres-
ent farm of James Harrison. It was not a
very formidable or extensive work of defense,
and was built out of abundant caution by the
settlers. It contained two or three cabins
for the accommodation of the families, and
was surrounded liy a bullet-proof palisade,
pierced with loop-holes at convenient dis-
tances. The same year (181G) other families
came, among whom were the Hogues, the
Millers, Bells, Megeath, Prevo, Blaze, Crow,
Leonard, the Richardsons and Fitchs, who
all settled on Union Prairie, the two last
named founding the town of York in 1817.
The first house erected there, a log dwelling,
was built by Chester Fitch. James Gill, yet
living and residing in Cumberland County,
aided in its erection. Henry Harrison set-
tled in the timber, immediately west of Un-
ion, in 1818. The Bartletts located near him
about the same time.
Walnut Prairie, just north of Union, and
separated from it by Mill Creek and a nar-
row strip of timber, was settled in 1817 by
the Archers, Neely, McClure, Welch, Chen-
oweth, Dunlap, Blake, Shaw, Poorman, Staf-
ford, Lockard, Essery and a few others. Mr.
Essery afterward entered land on Big Creek,
two miles northeast of where Marshall now
stands, and opened what is known as the
" Cork farm," where he died at an advanced
age. Reuben Crow for a few years culti-
vated cotton on Union Prairie, with some suc-
cess, and erected, perhaps, the first cotton-
gin north of the Ohio River. The experi-
ment of raising cotton was tried with fair
results, some years later, on Walnut Prairies.
The soil of these two prairies seems admira-
bly adapted to the culture of cotton, but the
climate is too irregular to render its produc-
tion remunerative.
About the year 1823 a settlement was
commenced at the head of Parker Prairie.
Among these early inhabitants were the fam-
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
221
ilies of Parker, Coiinely, Bean, Newport (a
noted Baptist preacher), Biggs, Iiee, Duncan)
Dawson, Briscoe, Bennett, Redman, Evin"
gor and otliors. On Big Creek there were
some new settlers: the Mains, Forsythe, Mc-
Clure, and David Reynolds, an aged and re-
spected pioneer yet living. But it is unnec-
essary to follow the subject farther, as an
extended notice of the early settlements and
settlers will be given in the respective ciiap-
ters devoted to each township.
The cabins of the early settlers were rude,
but secure. Thev were generally built of
large logs and constructed with an eye to
safety and defense; for the Indians were nu-
merous, and at times threatened hostilities.
Mrs. Justin Harlan relates that the cabin
constructed by her father, David Hogue, and
situated on the present farm of M. C. Dol-
son, near York, was a Gibralter of primitive
architecture. The logs composing the walls
were massive and heavy, and pierced with
loop-holes commanding every approa^ h. The
roof was so constructed as to be almost fire-
proof, while the door was a ponderous affair
of slabs, and secured by fastenings that
would have resisted the efforts of a giant.
James Gill, then a boy of fourteen, says that
in company with seven men he assisted in
the construction of a cabin near the present
town of York, in 1816, and during its build-
ing one of the men killed a deer and hung it
in a tree near by. During the night, the loud
barking of the dogs, and the snorting and
plunging of the horses, aroused the settlers
and the dread whisper went around — " In-
dians!" They arose in silence — each man
grasped his trusty rifle and manned his allot-
ted loop-hole. Skirmishers were thrown out
with the utmost caution and strict guard was
kept until broad da3\ No signs of Indians
were discovered, and they concluded that it
was some wild beast, attracted by the scent
of blood from the slain deer, that had caused
the alarm.
The privations endured by the early settlers
were such as none but stout hearts would dare
to encounter. Nothing but the hopeful in-
spiration of manifest destiny urged them to
persevere in bringing under the dominion of
civilized man what was before them, a howling
wilderness. These sturdy sons of toil, pio-
neers in the early civilization of Clark County,
mostly hailed from the States of New York,
Ohio, Virginia, North Carolina, and a few
from South Carolina. They were exceptions,
to a great degree, of the accepted rule,
"that immigrants on settling in a new coun-
try, usually travel on the same parallel as
that of the home they left."
The fashions were few and simple, com-
pared with the gaudy and costly paraphernalia
of the present time. Comfort and freedom
were always consulted. The principal articles
for clothing were of home manufacture, such
as linsej'-woolsey, jeans, tow-linen, etc. The
world was not laid under tribute as now, to
furnish the thousand mysteries of a lady's
toilet — mysteries that like the ways of Prov-
idence, are past finding out, at least bv the
sterner sex. Powders and lotions, and dan-
gerous cosmetics by which the modern belle
borrows the transient beauty of the present,
and repays with premature homeliness, were
unknown to her frontier ancestors, whose
cheeks were rosy with the ruddy glow of
health — painted by wholesome exercise and
labor. Shoes and slippers of kid and morocco,'
with high and villainous heels, were not then
worn. The beauty and symmetry of the fe-
male form was not distorted and misshapen
by tight lacing. The brave women of those
daj-s knew nothing of ruffles, curls, switches
or bustles; had not even dreamed of those
fearful and wonderful structures of the pres-
ent, called " boiuiets." Instead of the organ
222
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
or piano, before -which sits the modern miss,
torturing selections from the majestic operits(!)
they had to handle the distaff and shuttle,
accompanying the droning wheel or rattling
loom with the simple and plaintive melodies
of the olden time, contented with their lin-
sey clothing — their roughly made shoes, and
a sun-bonnet of coarse linen. Proud and
happy was she, and the envy of her less for-
tunate sisters, who was the possessor of a cal-
ico dress, brought from Cincinnati or far off
Orleans. An estimable old lad}', now living,
informed the writer, that the first shoes, other
than of home manufacture, that she ever pos-
sessed, were of the heaviest calf-skin; and so
careful and jealous was she of them, that
many a time she carried her shoes and stock-
ings in her hand to within a hundred yards of
the place of meeting, to keep from soiling or
wearing them out. And this she repeated on
her way homeward, even if escorted by some
rustic gallant. The costume of the men was
as simple and primitive. The " wamns " was
almost universally worn. This was a kind of
loose frock, reaching to the waist, open before,
with large sleeves and cape, the latter some-
times fringed by raveling and attaching a
piece of cloth different in hue to the garment.
The " wamus " resembled an army^ overcoat
of the present day, with the tail cut off.
Breeches and leggings furnished the cover-
ing of the thighs and legs. Home-made shoes
or moccasins supplied him with footgear, and
the skin of the raccoon made him hat or cap,
though not a few of the men dressed in full
suits of buckskin.
The pursuits of the early settlers were
chiefly agricultural. Fort Harrison and Vin-
cennes were their nearest trading points.
However, a Pennsylvanian, naire'l.Iohn Wise,
brought a small assortment of goods to York,
in 1818, the first ever in the county. He was
the pioneer merchant of Clark, and is yet
living in Vincennes. The two first named
were the principal points, where they bartered
for the few necessaries which could not be
produced or manufactured at home. There
were no cooking stoves and ranges, and the
thousand culinary apparatuses of to-day were
unknown among the early settlers. Broad
was generally baked in what was called
" Dutch ovens;" though frequently on aboiird
before the fire, and often in the ashes. Among
the poorer classes, the "corn dodger" was
tiie only bread. It is related that a wearied
traveler stopped at one of these humble
cabins to rest and refresh himself and jaded
horse. In his saddle-bags he had a few of
those old-time, yellow, adamantine indigesti-
bles — saleratus biscuit, and by accident
dropped one upon the hearth. He was absent
a few moments, and upon returning, the eldest
boy had covered the wheaten bowlder with
live coals, saying to the surrounding tow-
heads, " I'll make him stick his head out and
crawl," mistaking the biscuit for some new
species of terrapin. Tea, coffee and sugar
were rarely used, except on the visit of the
preacher, or some other equally momentous
occasion. The fare was plain, substantial
and healthj'. The richlj- flavored, highly sea-
soned, dyspepsia-promoting food of to-day, is
the invention of a later civilization. There
were no friction matches, their place being
supplied by the flint and steel. In nearlv
every family, the chunk, like the sacred fires
of the Aztecs, was never allowed to expire.
In the genial spring-time, the prudent house-
wife, in making her soap, always stirred it
" widdershins " that is, from east to west,
with the course of the sun. To stir the reverse
of this, was to destroy all the cleansing qual-
ities of the soap.
The people were quick and ingenious to
supply by invention, and with their own
hands, the lack of mechanics and artificers.
Each settler, as a general rule, built his own
house — made his own plows, harrows and har-
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
223
r.ess. The cultivation of the soil was con-
ducted after the most approved fashion of
primitive times. The plows, with wooden
mold-board, turned the sod; the harrow, with
wooden teeth, prepared it for planting. The
harness was often made of ropes, sometimes
with the bark of trees. The collars were of
straw. Corn was the principal crop; very
little wheat was produced, and was seldom
sown on Walnut or Union prairies, or along
the river and creek bottoms, for more than a
quarter of a century afier the formation of
the county. For the soil of these sections
was thought to be wholly inadapted to its
growth. It is only of late years that wheat
has become the staple crop on the prairies
and bottom lands. The ]>ioneer also made
his furniture, and other indispensable articles.
And considering his few tools, and the entire
absence of all machinery, many of these were
models of skill and workmanship. Their
carts and wagons, however, were ponderous
affairs, made wholly without iron, the wheels
often consisting of cuts from six to eight
inches in thickness, sawed from the end of a
large log:. A hole was made in the center for
the insertion of the spindle. Into the axle
the huge tongue was inserted. The bed was
fastened to the axle, and extended about an
equal distance before and aft; the front end
was secured to the tongue. Soft soap was
substituted lor tar, to facilitate the movement
of the vehicle. Dr. Williams, of Casey, relates
that when a boy, he once accompanied his
father to a horse-mill, in one of these old-time
carts. It was in the winter, and they were
delayed about their grinding, and did not get
started home until the evening of the second
(ay. Darkness overtook them, and to render
matters worse, their lubricating supply gave
out. The lumbering and creaking of their
juggernaut could be heard a mile or more,
and soon aroused all the wolves in four town-
ships. At first they were timid, and kept
well behind; but as they proceeded, became
bolder, and the gloomy woods resounding
with their dolorous howls were only equaled
by the horrible noise of the wagon. The
snarling and growling pack kept clos-
ing in, until their fiery eyeballs could be
seen, and their panting be heard. His father
would drop one occasionally with his rifle,
which would temporarily check the pursuit,
but it was only after a desperately contested
struggle that they escaped being devoured.
That indispensable article, salt, was at first
wagoned from Cincinnati to Vincennes, or
floated down the Ohio and keel-boated up the
Wabash. The more prosperous of a neigh-
borhood, who could purchase two or three
bushels at a time, soon found it a profitable
investment, for they doled it out to their less
fortunate neighbors, at largely increased
price, and were as careful in the weight and
measurement as if each grain were gold.
In after years, the Vermillion County salines
rendered salt more abundant and less difficult
to obtain.
From 1S19 to IS'23 immigration to Clark
County, and in fact to the Wabash Valley,
almost ceased, on account of their unhealth-
iness. The principal diseases were bilious
and intermittent fevers. These fevers took
their most malignant character in the bottom
lands bordering large streams, especially the
AVabash. There, in the rich black loam,
formed from the alluvial deposits of the
spring floods, and of great depth, vegetation
luxuriated in almost tropical profusion. Im-
mense quantities were produced, the decay
of which generated vast volumes of miasma.
The high bluffs which usually border these
teeming lands, covered with dense woods,
prevented the circulation of the purer air
from the uplands, and left all the causes of
disease to take their most concentrated forms
among the unfortunate settlers of these dis-
mal solitudes. Here, at fated periods, these
224
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
disorders, or " Wabash chills," as they were
termed, found their most numerous victims.
Some seasons they Ijecame epidemic — a pes-
tilence, almost — prostrating the entire com-
munity. The inhabitants of the adjacent
prairies were by no means exempt from these
plagueful visitations which seemed indiaje-
nous to the soil. From the sluggish sloughs
that penetrated these districts arose the dis-
ease-burdened malaria, which tainted the air
and left its imprint in the sallow complexions
and emaciated forms of the people. By rea-
son of these ailments the crops frequently suf-
fered sadly for want of proper cultivation and
care, often entailing suffering and destitution
the ensuing winter. Physicians were few, and
the victims of those distressing plagues sel-
dom received any medical attention or reme-
dies. Every family was its own doctor, and
roots and herbs supplied, though illy, the place
of quinine and the more powerful cures and
preventatives of the present. As the coun-
try was opened up and reduced to cultiva-
tion, and the people became acclimated,
these fevers became less prevalent, and lost
in some degree their virulence.
According to the first county census taken
by Silas Hoskins, of Aurora, in 1820, there
were nine hundred and thirty whites and
one slave, thus indicating: that the blisrhtino-
curse of human slavery once desecrated
Clark County. In this connection a brief
mention of a few of the provisions of the
" Black Laws," as they were called, enacted
by our first Legislature, and which disgraced
our statute books for twenty-five years, may
not prove uninteresting. There were com-
paratively few negroes in our county during
the existence of these laws, the highest num-
ber being thirty-eight. Under this code,
immigrants to the State were allowed to
bring their negroes with them; and such of
the slaves as were of lawful age to consent,
could go before the clerk of the county and
voluntarily sign an indenture to serve their
masters for a term of years, and could be
held to the performance of their contracts;
if they refused, their master could remove
them from the State within sixty days. The
children of such slaves were taken before an
officer and regiit?red, and were bound to
serve their masters until thirty-two 3-ears of
age. Such slaves were called indentured and
registered servants, and were annually taxed
by the county authorities, the same as horses
and cattle. No -negro or mulatto could re-
side in the State, until he had produced a cer-
tificate of freedom, and given bond with se-
curity for good behavior, and not to become
a county charge. The children of such free
negroes were registered. Every person of
color, not having a certificate of freedom, was
deemed a runaway slave; was taken up,
jailed by a justice, advertised and sold for
one year by the sheriff; if not claimed in that
time, was considered free, though his master
might reclaim him any time thereafter. Any
slave or servant found ten miles from home,
without a pass from his master, was punished
with thirty-five lashes. The owner of any
dwelling could cause to be given to any ser-
vant entering the same, or adjoining grounds,
ten stripes upon his bare back. Any person
permitting slaves or servants to assemble for
dancing, night or day, was fined twenty dol-
lars; and it was made the duty of every
peace officer to commit such an assemblage
to jail, and order each one whipped, not ex-
ceeding thirty-nine lashes on the bare back.
In all cases where free persons were punish-
able with fine, servants were corrected by
whipping, at the rate of twenty lashes for
every eight dollars' fine. The object of these
laws was to prevent free negro immigration,
and to discourage runaway slaves from coming
to Illinois to become free. But for what pur-
pose such rigorous punishments were meted
to slaves and servants, for such trifling of-
J'
^^ {^^At^^^ —
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
227
feiises, when their paucity of numbers pre-
cluded all danger of seditions and insurrec-
tions, can only be conjectured.
The most exciting and memorable cam-
paign that ever marked the history of the
Slate, occurred in the years 182.3-4. It grew
out of a proposition of the pro-slavery party,
which had a majority in both branches of the
Legislature, to call a convention, subject to a
vote of the people, to frame a constitution
recognizing slavery in Illinois, in utter defi-
ance to the ordinance of 1787, by which
slavery was prohibited in the Northwest ter-
ritorv. The campaign began in the spring
of 1823, and lasted until August 2, 1824. It
was the longest contest ever in the State or
count}-; a contest angiy and bitter, and char-
acterized by torrents of personal detraction
and abuse. The excitement extended even
to the ministry. The Baptists and Method-
ists were the prevailing denominations, and
were, almost to a man, opposed to a conven-
tion and slavery. And the old preachers, in
outbursts of rude and fiery eloquence, and in
language so fierce and caustic as to ill be-
come the armor bearers of the lowly Nazarine,
fired the hearts of their flocks against the
"divine institution," and painted slavery in
all its hideousness. Governor Coles was the
leader of the anti-slavery movement, and his
trenchant reasoning portrayed all the iniquity
and deformity of slavery. The anti-slavery
party was victorious by a majority of over
two thousand, and forever put at rest the
question of slavery in Illinois. The vote of
Clark was thirty-one votes in favor of a con-
vention and slavery, and one hundred and
sixteen against.
Colonel William B. Archer was the anti-
slavery candidate for the Legislature; his op-
ponent, William Lowrie. Colonel Archer
was triumphantly elected by a vote of one
hundred and thirty-eight to five. Although
raised in a slave State, Colonel Archer at an
early age imbibed an unconquerable aversion
to human slavery; and during his long and
busy life, whether in legislative halls or the
private walks of life, he ever advocated the^
cause of freedom and free States. And we
deem it not inappropriate to give here an ex-
tended notice of this remarkable man.
He was the oldest of eight children of
Zachariah Archer, three of whom yet survive:
.Judge Stephen Archer, Hannah Crane and
Elizabeth Hogue. His father's family removed
from Warren County, Ohio, to Kentucky,
and from thence to this county, landing here
in a keel boat near what is known as the
Block School House, during the memorable
Wabash freshet in the year 1817. He was
tall of stature, spare made and slightly
stooped. He had tlip endurance of an Indian
— was insensible to fatigue — a man of iron.
His character was rugged, strong and res-
olute, and marked with peculiar irulividuality.
He had a sound judgment, a firm confidence
and abiding faith in his own convictions of
right, and a moral courage to defend them that
is rarely met with. In fact, were
"The elements so mixed in him
That Nature might stand up
And say to all the world,
This is a man."
The people recognized his sterling qualities,
and he at once took a commanding position
in the affairs of the infant settlement. He
then commenced a long, busy and useful ca-
reer. He was the first county and circuit
clerk.
He was appointed one of the commission-
ers of the Illinois and Michigan Canal, and
laid out the town of Lockport, on the Illinois
River. He was engaged on some public im-
provement near Chicago, and that city hon-
ored him by naming an avenue in his honor,
which still bears the name of " Archer Ave-
nue." He promptly responded to the call for
troops in the Black Hawk War, was made
228
HISTORY OF CLAKK COUNTY.
captain, and served with distinction. He was
again circuit clerk, in 1S4S. In politics he
was a Whig, and a partizan, yet respectful
for the opinion of others. He made the mem-
orable congressional race against Judge J. C.
Allen, which resulted in a tie. He was
defeated in the next election.
It is said of him that he was the first man to
bring the name of the lamented Lincoln, of
whom he was a devoted friend, into public
notice. He was a delegate to a convention,
at Philadelphia, we believe, and during the
deliberations. Colonel Archer proposed the
name of Lincoln for Vice President, when a
pert member sarcastically asked: "Who is
Lincoln? Can he fight?" The Colonel an-
swered: " Yes, by Guinea, he can, and so
can I."
In private life he was genial and kind, and
around his private character cluster many
noble virtues. He was married to Eliza Har-
lan, and the result of that union was a
daughter, who became the wife of the late
Woodford Duianey, of Kentucky. His reli-
gious convictions we never knew, but suffice
it to say, he was an honest man. He was an
honored member of the Masonic fraternity for
sixty years. But the absorbing and control-
ling idea of his life was for the improvement
and development of the county, both town
and country. For this he labored — for this he
toiled, and for this he gave the best years of
his manhood.
He became interested in the construction
of the old Wabash Valley Railroad, (the pres-
ent Wabash) and entered into the work with
all the zeal and energy of his indomitable
nature. He gave his time and his money,
and just as it seemed that success would
crown his efforts, the project was abandoned.
He was never destined to see its completion.
He did more for Clark County than any man
in his day or since. But no recognition, pe-
cuniary or otherwise, was ever given him for
his long and valuable services. Possessed at
one time of ample means, yet so absorbed
was he in his schemes of public improvement,
that he was careless as to his private affairs,
became involved and lost nearly everything.
Time bent his form, silvered his locks and
enfeebled his steps, but it could not conquer
his spirit. Butat last the end came. Bowed
down by the weight of eighty years, and in-
firmities incurred by a long life of incessant
toil for the general good, on the 9th day of
August, 1870, he calmly passed to his final
reward, leaving as his only legacy, an untar-
nished name, and the enduring monuments of
his labor and enterprise in the county.
For a considerable period after the forma-
tion of the county, and for years before,
there was but little or no good money in
circulation. The people were involved in
debt, the lands purchased from the United
States were unpaid for and likely to be for-
feited. Such bank-notes as were in circula-
tion had driven out the specie; and as these
notes became worthless, one after another,
the people were left almost destitute of any
circulating medium whatever. The county
commerce was insignificant; we exported lit-
tle or nothing, except the scanty surplus of
produce occasionally shipped to New Or-
leans. Hence there was nothing to attract
an influx of coin into the countrj'. The
great tide of expected immigration from
abroad failed to come, and real estate of ev-
ery description was unsalable. This state
of affairs prevailed all over the State; and
to remedy the evil, the Legislature of 1831
created a State bank. All br^inches of indus-
try and business flourished for a time, but the
bank was founded on false theories of solv-
ency and utterly failed of its contemplated
objects — -in fact almost bankrupted the peo-
ple. A considerable period following the
decline of the State Bank was called the
" harvest of the Shylocks." The legal rate
HISTOr.Y OF CLARK COUNTY.
229
of interest was six per cent; but there were
no interest limits to special contracts, nor no
penalties for usury. Consequently, those
having money took advantage of the neces-
sities of the people and extorted exorbitant
interest rates, often as high as one hundred
and fifty per cent being charged.
Game was abundant in the early settle-
ment of the count}'. Deer, turkeys, hares,
squirrels, foxes, otters, muskrats, raccoons,
opossums, etc., existed in large numbers.
A lew bears were killed, but they were never
numerous. Panthers, catamounts, wolves and
wildcats abounded, to the great annoyance
of the settlers. Smaller vermin, such as
weasels, minks, skurdcs and polecats were
very plentiful; and these, with the owls and
hawks, rendered the raising of domestic fowls
very difficult. Porcupines were also quite nu-
merous. In an early day droves of wild horses
roamed over portions of the; country west of us
(then in Clark County), but there is no ac-
count of any ever having been within our
present limits. The streams were alive with
fisii, especially the Wabash. The catfish,
muskalonge, bass, perch, sturgeon, spoon-
bills, shad, eels, etc., were very plenty. In
the early spring the river, creeks, ponds and
ba)-ous were covered with geese, ducks,
brant and other water-fowl, and on the prai-
ries were large numbers of prairie-chickens,
grouse and partridges.
In early times, when the amount of cul-
tivated land was very small and live stock
had unbounded range, owners were more
particular than in later times about their
marks and brands. Horses were always
branded; other stock was marked. These
were their only means of identification, as
cattle and hogs were often turned out in the
early spring and were likely to be seen no
more till cold weather. Sheep were gener-
ally kept through the day in inclosures, and
at night in stout high corrals, to prevent their
destruction by the wolves. Some of the
early marks were curiosities in their way.
Charles Neely's mark was recorded May 26,
1S19, the first in the county, and was "A
smooth crop ofiF of the left ear and a slit in
the same." The mark of Hugh Miller was
"An under-bit or half penny out of the un-
der side of each ear." That of Joseph Shaw,
"A smooth crop off the right ear and an
underslope from heel to point of the left
ear, bringing the ear to a point, similar to
foxing." Cushing Snow's was, " A smooth crop
oif the left ear and a poplar leaf in the right;
that is, a crop ofi' the point, and upper and
under bit in the same, which forms a poplar
leaf." The penalty, on conviction, for alter-
ing or defacing any mark or brand with intent
to steal, or prevent identification by the
owner, was a public whipping, not exceeding
one hundred lashes on the bare back, impris-
onment not exceeding two yeais, and fine in
a sum not less than one half the value of the
animal on which the mark was altered or
defaced. The severity of the punishment
indicates the jealous importance our ances-
tors attached to their marks and brands, and
their lofty regard for the rights of property.
The condition of society, and the moral de-
portment of the early settlers were very good
for a new country, where the laws were lax,
and feebly enforced, where schools were few
and inferior, and where religious instruction
and church organization were rare, and not
publicly carried on as in later years. Candor,
honesty, and a readiness to help a friend or
neighbor in distress, were the chief character-
istics of the early pioneers. They were in-
dustrious as a class, generous in their hospi-
tality, warm and constant in their friendships,
and brave in the defense of their honor. As
is the case in all newly-settled countries, there
was among them a rough and boisterous ele-
ment, a low grade and type of civilization.
An element ignorant, vicious and uncouth; its
230
TIISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
members loud in their deiuinciations of any
innovations tending to better their condition,
or that looked toward the erection of
Christian institutions.
The lives of the early pioneers must indeed
have been monotonous. The settlements vrere
scattering, and the population sparse. There
■was no general system of schools, or of reli-
gious teachings, and as a consequence, for
years the Sabbath was simply observed as a
day of rest by the young and old. When
anv future event, that promised to relieve the
tedium of their existence became bruited
throughout a settlement, its coming was im-
patiently awaited. A house or barn raising, or
log rolling, a quilting frolic, or husking bee —
each and all of these were looked forward to
with liveliest anticipation. But nothing
stirred society to its remotest depths like the
announcement of a wedding. A marriage was
a momentous event, and was looked forward
to with e:iger expectation by young and old
Mrs. Judge Stockwell relates that she was-
present at the marriage of Stephen Archer to
Nancy Shaw, and that the wedding and
"infare" carnival lasted three days and
nights in one continuous round of merry-mak-
ing, and was only terminated by exhaustion
and loss of sleep on the part of the guests.
There was a rapid influx of population after
the year 1825. The census of 1S30, at which
time the county had been greatly reduced in
territorial extent, being somewhat over twice
its present size, showed a population of 3,921
■white, and 19 colored. The increase in num-
ber of white people being over four hundred
per cent, over the census of 1820. The ma-
jor part of this immigration ■ was from the
Southern and Middle States. Nearly all the
necessaries and the few luxuries of frontier
life, which had hitherto been wagoned over
the mountains to Pittsburg, thence floated
down the Ohio to the mouth of the Wabash,
and pulled and poled up that stream on keel
boats, were now transported by steam-boats,
quite a number of which plied the
waters of the latter stream. About all the
surplus products of the county, such as corn,
bacon, and the like, together with lumber,
staves and hoop-poles, were generally shipped
to New Orleans, an undertaking that involved
a long, perilous and tedious voyage, often re-
quiring two and three months for going and
returning. The journey home was gerieially
performed on foot, through three or four In-
dian tribes inhabiting the western parts of
Mississippi, Tennessee and Kentucky. There
are citizens now living in the county, who
have each made five different pedestrian trips
from New Orleans to Darwin; carrying with
them, over all the long and weary miles, the
proceeds of their cargoes, which wore invari-
ably in silver coin. This system of co iimerce
was carried on regularly, and quite exten-
sively for many years, and was the principal
channel of shipment for surplus, but the
railroad system of the present day has
changed all this.
The taxes during the first decade or two
"were neither heavy nor burdensome. The total
amount of taxes for each of the ten years,
ranged from two to five hundred dollars. Yet
these insignificant sums were to defray all
the contingent expenses of the county, which
was then larger than many of the principali-
ties in Europe. Lands were taxed by the
State, and were divided into three classes :
first, second and third, 'and were valued at
four, three and two dollars per acre, and were
taxed respectively, two, one and a half, and
one cents per acre. In 1821 the first tax was
levied, and the property included was horses
and cattle, clocks and watches, town lots and
pleasure carriaares. The last item was evi-
dently a mild bit of pleasantry on the part of
the early authorities, as such things existed
only in the imagination, in Clark County. In
1823, slaves, registered and indentured ne-
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
231
groes aod mulattoes, and rlistilleries, were
made taxable by the county commissioners.
A stout, lusty ne<;ro servant or skve was as-
sessed at about the same as five good horses.
Ill 18;i7, hogs, sheep, and ferries over the
Wabash, were made taxable.
The county commissioners had broader and
more extensive povrers than our present law-
makers. They not only had authority to
license certain occupations, but also to fix
and establish a scale of prices for conducting
the same. They issued license to the keeper
of a tavern or house of entertainment, speci-
fied the amount he should pay for the same,
and tiien arbitrarily fixed the rates he should
charge his guests; and if the wayfarer was
bibulously inclined, and desired a stimulant,
the law stepped in, and not only scheduled
the kind and quantity of his potation, but
fixed the maximum price for it. To illustrate,
a specimen is herewith given: At the JIarch
term, 1820, of the commissioners' court, ap-
pears the following: "Court grant license
to Silas Hoskins to keep a tavern in Aurora,
at tiie rate of two dollars per year, to be paid
into the county treasury, and fix his rates as
follows: for one night's lodging, per man, 12^
cents; one meal's victuals, per man, 25 cents;
one feed for horse, per gallon of corn, 12^
cents; one horse to hay and oats, per night,
37^ cents. For one pint of rum, wine or
brandy, 75 cents; for one half pint of same,
374^ cents; for one pint of whisky, 25 cents;
for one half pint of same, 12J cents; for one
gill of same, li^ cents; ale, beer or cider, per
quart, 25 cents.
About this time the Galena lead mines were
at the height of successful operation, and our
people would run up the Mississippi in the
spring, labor in the mines during warm
weather, and then return to their homes in
the fall, thus establishing, as was supposed,
a similarity between their migratory habits
and those of the piscatorial tribe called suck-
ers. For this reason the name "Suckers"
was applied to the Illinoisans, at the Galena
lead mines by the Missouriaiis, and which has
stuck to them ever since, and no doubt al-
ways will. Missouri sent hordes of uncouth
ruffians to these mines, from which our people
inferred that the State had taken a puke, and
had vomited forth all her worst population.
As analogiis always abound, the Illinoisans,
by way of retaliation, called the Missourians
"Pukes," a name they will be known by for
all time.
The Indians were quite numerous in the
county at the time of its early settlement.
There were camps on Mill Creek; one about
a mile and a half southeast of what is now
Marshall, on what is now known as the Wat-
son quarrj-; one a short distance north of the
present town of Livingston, and one south of
the same, near the Ahvood hill. But the
largest camp was on Dial's Creek, in the Rich-
woods; a large majority of these Indians were
Kickapoos, and the remainder chiefly Potta-
watomies. They were generally quiet, peace-
able and friendly, spent their time in hunting
and trapping, and bartered the proceeds of
the chase with the whites, for corn, powder
and lead, salt, etc. They about all disap-
peared during the Black Hawk War. Though
during the war, and while a large portion of
our male population was absent in the army,
there was a large number on Mill Creek that
threatened hostilities, to the great apprehen-
sion of the remaining settlers. They held
pow-wows, danced their war dances, and at
night their fierce and savage yells could be
heard a great distance, to the terror of de-
fenceless women and children.
There then lived in the northeastern por-
tion of the county, a man beyond middle ao-e,
named John House, who was a second Lewis
Whetzel. \\'hen a boy the savages had
massacred nearly alljiis father's family, and
he had sworn eternal vengeance, and im-
232
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
proved every opportunity to gratify it. He
was well known to the Indians as " Big Tooth
John," on account of his eye teeth projecting
over his under lip, like tushes. It is re-
lated that on one occasion, while hunting, an
Indian stepped from an amliush, and ex-
plained how easily he could have killed him.
House pretended to be quite grateful, but
watching his opportunity, shot the Indian
dead. He enlisted in the Black Hawk War,
and was in the memorable engagement on the
banks of the Mississippi, of August 2, 1S33,
in which tiie Indians were routed and which
terminated the war. During the battle, a Sac
mother took her infant child, and fastening it
tea large piece of cottonwood bark, consigned
it to the treacherous waves rather than to
captivity. The current carried the child near
the bank, when House coolly loaded his rifle,
and taking deliberate aim, shot the babe dead.
Being reproached for his hardened cruelty,
he grimly replied, "Kill the nits, and you'll
have no lice."
Among the diversionsof tlie (^irly times, were
shooting matches for beef, turkeys, whisky
and sometimes for wagers of money. When
a beef was shot for, it was divided into five
quarters, the liide and tallow being the fifth,
and considered the best of all. Among the
most noted marksmen of the day, were Judge
Stephen Archer and Stump Rhoads. Indeed,
so expert were they, that both were generally
excluded from the matches, and the fifth
quarter given them, as a sort of a royalty, the
possession of which was usually decided by a
contest between themselves. The Judge had
been several times victorious over his rival,
who finally procured a new rifle, and badly
defeated his opponent on a most momentous
occasion. Smarting under his discomfiture,
the Judge had a heavy, target rifle made, with
especial reference to accurate shooting. This
artillery he dubbed " Sweet Milk and
Peaches," and patiently bided his time to
vanquish his adversary. An opportune occa-
sion soon arrived. It was in the summer; the
usual donation had been made to these cham-
pions, and Rhoads' best shot h;ul just grazed
the center. The Judge's breeches were of
the usual tow linen, and worn without
drawers. As he was lying down, taking long
and deliberate aim, his rival, by some means,
slipped some bees up the leg of his pantaloons.
These hostiles, after a short voyage of dis-
covery, began to ply their harpoons. But so
completely absorbed was the Judge in this
struggle for victory, that he stiffened his limb,
elevated it straight in the air, and crying: —
" Stump .Rhoads, you can't throw Sweet Milk
off that center with no dod-hlasted bee,"
pulled the trigger, clove the center, and was
declared the winner.
Though society was rude and rough, that
curse of humanity, intemperance, was no more
prevalent, in proportion to population, than
now, perhaps not as much. Scarcely was the
nucleus of a settlement formed, ere the steam
of the still tainted the air. The settlers en-
dured privations and hunger, and their
children cried lor bread for want of mills;
they groped in ignorance for want of schools
and churches, but the still was ever in their
midst, where the fanner exchanged his bag of
corn for the beverage of the border. In
every family the jug of bitters was an insep-
arable adjunct, and was regularly partaken
of by every member of the household, espe-
cially during the chill season. The visit of a
neisrhbor was signaii.^e>l by producing the
bottle or demijohn. At all rustic gatherings,
liquor was considered an indispensable arti-
cle, and was freely us^d. Everybody drank
whisky, ministers and all. True, there were
some sections, in which the people resisted all
ailvancement and progress. In these, liquor
was used to great excess, and then, as now,
was an active piomoter of broils, disturbances
and fights. In these affrays, to their credit
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
2:;3
be it said, fists and feet were alone u&ed, and
were called "rough and tumble." The
knife, the pistol and the bludgeon, were then
unknown, and are the products of a much
later and more advanced civilization. These
sections were known as the " hard neighbor-
hoods," and were always shunned by re-
spectable immigrants seeking homes. There
is a story that an itinerant teetotaler once
strayed into one of these haunts of immorality,
and threw a fire-brand into the camp by de-
livering a terrific discourse against the use of
intoxicants. The speaker was interrupted by
the representative man, who introduced him-
self, and described the society of his locality,
as follows: " I'm from Salt Creek, and the
folks than are all bad and wooley; and the
higher up you go, the wuss they air, and I'm
from the headwaters. I'm a wolf, and it's my
time to howl. Now, Mr. Preecher, what
■would we do with our corn crop, if there wuz
no still-houses?" " Raise more hogs and less
hell around here," was the ready, but vigor-
ous reply. The speaker was interrupted no
more.
The old time ministers were characters in
their waj'. A distinct race so to speak, and
were possessed of an individuality, peculiarly
their own. As a class, they were uneducated,
rough and resolute, and encountered and
overcame obstacles that would appall the
efl'eminate parsons of later days. They were
suited exactly to the civilization in which
they lived, and seem to have been chosen
vessels, to fulfil a certain mission. These
iiumble pioneers of frontier Christianity, pro-
claimed the " tidings of great joy " to the
early settlers, at a time when the
country was so poor that no other kind of
ministers could have been maintained. They
spread the gospel of Christ when educated
ministers with salaries could not have been
supported. They preached the doctrine of
free salvation, without money and without
price, toiling hard in the interim of their
labors, to provide themselves with a scanty
subsistence. They traversed the wilderness
through sunshine and storm; slept in the open
air, swam swollen streams, suffered cold,
hunger and fatigue, with a noble heroism, and
all for the sake of their Savior, and to save
precious souls from perdition. JIany of these
divines sprang from, and were of the people,
and without ministerial training, except in
religious exercises, and the study of the
Scriptures. In those times it was not
thought necessary that a minister should be
a scholar. It was sufficient for him to preach
from a knowledge of the Bible alone; to
make appeals warm from the heart; to paint
the joys of heaven and the miseries of hell to
the imagination of the sinner; to terrify him
with the one, and exhort him, by a life of
righteousness to attain the other. Many of
these added to their scriptural knowledge, a
diligent perusal of Young's Night Thoughts,
Milton's Paradise Lost, Jenkins on Atone-
ment, and other kindred works which gave
more compass to their thoughts, and brighter
imagery to their fancy. And in profuse and
flowery language, and with glowing enthusi-
asm and streaming eyes, they told the story
of the Cross.
Sometimes their sermons turned upon mat-
ters of controversy — unlearned arguments on
the subjects of free grace, baptism, free will,
election, faith, justification, and the final per-
severance of the saints. But that in which
they excelled was the earnestness of their
words and manner, the vividness of the pict-
ures they drew of the ineffable bliss of the
redeemed, and the awful and eternal torments
of the unrepentant.
" They preachetUhe joys of heaven and pains of hell,
And wjrned the .-inner with becoming zeal.
But on eternal mercy loved to dwell."
Above all, they inculcated the great
principles of justice and sound morality,
234
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
and were largely instrumental in pro-
moting the growth of intellectual ideas,
in bettering the condition, and in elevating
the morals of the people ; and to them
are we indebted for the first establish-
ment of Christian institutions throughout the
county. These old-time evangelists passed
away with the civilization of the days in
which they lived and labored. They fougiit
the good tight, well and faithfully performed
the mission, and bore the burdens their divine
Master assigned them, and may their sacred
ashes repose in jjeace, in the quietude of their
lonely graves, until awakened by the final
trump.
The white population of our county has
steadily and rapidly increased, as will be seen
by the following exhibit by decennial periods:
In 18"^0 the white population was 930; in
1830, 3,921; in 1840, 7,420; in 1850, 9,494; in
I860,' 14,948; in 1870, 1S,6'.:I8; in 1880, 21,843.
The increase in colored population has been
small, both by emigration and otherwise, in-
creasing from one slave in 1820 to fifty-one
free colored in 1880. After 1830 the moral
and intellectual condition of our people grad-
ually improved, each passing year recording
a marked change for the better. But what it
lacked in refinement it made up in sincerity
and hospitality. The establishment of com-
merce, the forming of channels of intercourse
between distant sections by building exten-
sive highways, the regular exportation of all
our surplus products, were among the first
means of changing the exterior aspect of our
population and giving a new current to pub-
lic feeling and individual pursuit. Tlie free
diffusion of knowledge through schools and
the ministry of the gospel also largely con-
tributed to the liappv change, and to all these
influences are we indebted for the civilization
of the present. But still, when we ponder
on those olden days, rude and rough as they
were, wj almost wish for their return. Those
good,. old days, when the girls rode behind
their sweethearts to church or pjrty, and
when the horses always kicked up, and the
maidens held tightlj' oii; when wife and hus-
band visited on the same nag, the former in
front of her liege, with sleeping babe snugly
cuddled in her lap. Those good old days,
when the hypocrisy, shams, and selfishness of
modern societv were unknown. Wiien the
respectabilitv of men and women was not
measured by their bank accounts and bonds,
nor by displays of finery, but by the simple
standard of worth and merit; by their useful-
ness in the community, by their readiness to
aid the suffering, to relieve the distressed.
When there were no social castes or dis-
tinctions, and when honesty and uprightness
were the livery of aristocracy. When the
turpitude of vice and the majesty of moral
virtue were regarded with stronger sentiments
of aversion and respect than they to-day in^
spire.
It is a well-established fact that the settle-
ment and cultivation of a country have a
noticeable effect upon the general tempera-
ture of the climate. But the change has been
so gradual that it is a matter of difficulty for
our few surviving pioneers to distinctly rec-
ollect and describe. At the first settlement
of the country the summers were much cooler
than now. Warm evenings and nights were
not common, and the mornings, frequently,
uncomfortably cold. The coolness of the
niirhts was owing, in a great degree, to the
deep, dense shade of the forest trees and the
luxuriant crops of wild grass, weeds, and
other vegetation, which so shaded the earth's
surface as to prevent it from becoming heated
by the rays of the sun. Frost and snow set
in much earlier than now. Snowfalls fre-
qu ntly occurn'd during the latter half of
October, and winter often sot in with severity
during November, and sometimes in the early
part of it. The springs were formerly later
IIISTOKY OF CLARK COUNTY.
235
and colder than tliey now are, but the chaiifje
ill lliis respect is not favorable to vegetation,
as the latest springs are generally I'ollowed
by the most fruitful seasons. It is a law of
the veg table world that the longer the gernii-
natnig principle is delayed the more rapid
when put in motion. Hence those far north-
ern countries like Sweden, Norway, and
Russia, which have but a short summer and
no spring, are among the most productive in
the world. While, in this latitude especially,
vegetation, prematurely started by reason of
open winters and delusive springs, is often
checked by " cold snaps" and untimely frosts,
and frequently fails to attain its ultimate per-
fi'ction. From this imperfect account of the
weather system of early times, it appears tliat
the seasons have undergone considerable
change. As a rule, our springs are earlier,
summers warmer, the falls milder and longer,
and the winters shorter and accompanied
with less cold and snow than formerly. These
changes can be partly, if not wholly, attrib-
uted to the destruction of the forests. Every
acre of cultivated land must increase the heat
of our summers, by exposing an augmented
extent of ground surface denuded of its tim-
ber, to be acted upon and heated by the rays
of the sun. But, by reason of there being
no mountainous barriers either north or south
of us, the conflict for equilibrium between
the dense and rarified atmospheres of these
two extremes will most likely continue our
changeable and fickle climate forever.
OHAPTEE III.
ORGANIZATION OF THE COUNTY— THE LEGISLATIVE ACT CREATING IT-LOCATION OF
THE SEAT OF JUSTICE— THE COURTS— AURORA AND DARWIN— REMOVAL TO
MAHSHALL-BITTER CONTESTS-THE QUESTION FINALLY SETTLED-
DIVISION OF THE COUNTY INTO PRECINCTS— ENGLISH
TITHINGS— TOWNSHIP ORGANIZATION— BEN-
EFIT OF THE SYSTEM, ETC., ETC.
CRAWFORD Countj', from the territory
of which Clark was taken, was created
under the old territorial laws. It embraced a
vast extent of country, including all of East-
ern Illinois to the Canada line, and as far
west as Fayette County. In order to form a
new county, the law required the proposed
district to have at least 350 iidiabitants. The
northern portion of Crawford having the req-
uisite population a petition was filed in
the Legislature for a separate county. That
body, at the session of 1819, passed the fol-
lowing act: An Act Forming a new County
out of the County of Crawford.
Seo. 1. Be it enacted by the people of the
State of Illinois represented in the General
Assembly, That all that part of Crawford
County lying north of a line beginning on
the great Wabash River, dividing townships
eight and nine north, running due west shall
form a new and separate county to be called
"Clark."
Sec. 2. And be it further enacted, That for
the purpose of fixing the permanent seat of
justice for said county the following persons
are hereby appointed commissioners, viz.:
Smith Shaw, Thomas Gill and James Watts,
which commissioners or a majority of them
shall meet at the house of Charles Neely be-
tween the first and second Mondays of May
next, and after having been duly sworn before
some justice of the peace within this State,
faithfully to take into consideration the situa-
tion of the settlements, the geography of the
country and the conveniency and eligibility
of the place, shall then proceed to establish
the permanent seat of justice for the said
county of Clark, and designate the same,
provided however the proprietor or proprietors
owning such land on which the seat of justice
may be fixed, shall give to the county of
Clark twenty acres of land for the purpose of
erecting public buildings, to be laid out into
lots, and sold for the use of said county, but
should the proprietor or proprietors neglect
or refuse to make the donation as aforesaid,
then and in that case, the commissioners shall
fix upon some other place for the seat of jus-
tice for said county as convenient as maybe
to the different settlements in said county,
which place when determined on by said com-
missioners they shall certify under their hamis
and seals to the clerk of the commissioners
court, and it shall be the duty of the said
clerk to spread the same on the records of
said county, and the said commissioners shall
receive two dollars per each day they may he
necessarily employed in fixing upon the afore-
said seat of justice, to be paid out of the
county levy.
Sec. 3. And be it further enacted. That
until the county commissioners shall other-
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
237
wise direct, the court and elections for said
county shall be held at the house of Charles
Neely in said county.
Sec. 4. And be it further enacted, That the
citizens of Clark County shall be entitled to
vote for Senator and Representatives with
Crawford County in the same manner as they
would have done had this act not passed.
Sec. 5. And be it further enacted, Tliat the
said county of Clark be and form a part of the
second judicial district and that the courts
tiierein be holden at such times as shall be di-
rected in the act regulating and defining the
duties of the justices of the Supreme Court.
Sec. G. And be it further enacted, That the
county commissioners shall proceed tolaj' out
■ tiie land that may be given to said county
into lots and sell the same or as much as they
mav think proper and necessary for the erec-
tion of public buildings, within three months
from the time the seat of justice shall be
established.
Sec. 7. And be it further enacted. That in
order to remove all difficulty concerning the
future division of Clark County, it is hereby
enacted that all that tract of country lying
north of an east and west line dividing
townships numbered twelve and thirteen
nortli, shall l)e the line between the county
of Clark and a county whicii may be laid off
north of the same, provided, however. That
ail that part of Clark County lying north of
the bne last mentioned shall remain attached
to and be considered a part of Clark County
until a new county shall be laid off north of
the line as above stated. This act shall bo in
force from and after its passage.
JOHX MESSiyOER,
Speaker of the House of Representatives.
PjeerT! Menaed,
Speaker of the Senate.
Approved by the Council of Revision,
March 22, 1819. Suadkacu Kond.
Clark, at her organization, as we have said,
embraced a large amount of territory. Fay-
ette was formed in 1821, partly from Clark
and Crawford. In the year 1823 Edgar
County was taken from Clark, locating partly
the present north line of our county. In 1830
Coles County was formed from Clark and
Edgar. By the forming of Coles, Clark was
reduced to the area contemplated in the orig-
inal act. But at the session of the Legisla-
ture in 1823, AVilliam Lowry, the represent-
ative from Clark and Crawford, procured the
passage of a bill, at the solicitation of the
people of the newly formed County of Ed-
gar, cutting off three miles from the north
line of Clark and adding the same to Edgar,
for the reason that Paris was very apprehen-
sive of losing the county seat; but by hav-
ing this slice attached, it would so centralize
her position as to enable her to retain the
seat of justice.
The county was named after Gen. George
Rogers Clark, a gallant and meritorious of-
ficer of the Revolution, born in Albemarle
Count}', Virginia, in 1752, and die<l in Ken-
tucky in 1806. His campaign through the
Illinois did as much to establish the freedom
of the colonies as any act of the whole war.
Clark was the fifteenth formed county in the
State. The fourteen older counties are men-
tioned in the first part of this volume.
At an election held in the county on Mon-
day, April 2G, 1819, Joseph Shaw, John Chen-
oweth and Samuel Ashmore were elected
county commissioners. On the 7th day of
June, following, the first commissioners'
court was held at the house of Charles Nee-
ley, on Walnut Prairie, at which William B.
Archer was appointed clerk of the court,
and William Lorkard, treasurer of the county.
Smith Shaw, Thomas Gill and James Watts,
the commissioners appointed under the act
I'orming the county to locate the seat of jus-
tice, made their report to the cuuit: Tuat
238
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
having proceeded to examine the different
situ itions in said county of Chuk, and have
agreed on the following peace on a parcel of
ground whereon the said seat of justice or
court house shall be erected, situated on west
fraction No. 15, Town ION., of Range 11 W.,
in the district of lands offered for sale at
Vincennes, given by Chester Fitch, John
Chenoweth and John McClure, containing
two hundred and two acres and an half of
land, it being the donation granted agreeable
to law by Chester Fitch, to be laid off by the
direction of the said county commissioners
into town lots; and it is to be expressly un-
derstood that the said Fitch is to be at one
half of the expence in maping and survey-
ins;^ said town; and the said Fitch is to have
every other lot in the whole town equal
in quality and quantity reserved for the ben-
efit of said Fitch and his heirs forever.
Given under our hands and seals this 6th day
of May, one thousand eight hundred and
nineteen.
Witnesses. Signed SMITH SHAW [l. s.]
Charms Neely. THOS. GILL [l. s.]
John Essret. JAMES WATTS [l. s.]
Very few people, except surveyors, under-
stand the true meaning and application of
the term, " town and range," as mentioned
in the foregoing report, and a brief expla-
nation miijht not be uninteresting:. In all
Government surveys, "principal meridians"
are first established, that is, lines running
due north from some designated point.
These lines are intersected by " base lines,"
that is, lines running west from some
given point. The term " range," means town-
ships numbered either east or west of a prin-
cipal meridian line. The term "town," sig-
nifies townships numbered north or south of
a base line. All lands in our county are
reckoned from the second principal meridian,
a line running due north from the mouth of
Little Blue River, Indiana. The correspond-
ing base line commences at Diamond Island,
in the Ohio, opposite Indiana, and runs due
west, striking tlie Mississippi a few miles
below St. Louis. Our county lies north of
the base line, and west of the praicipil me-
ridian. Hence "town ten north, range
eleven west," means the tenth township north
of the base line and the eleventh township
west of the principal meridian line; and as a
congressional township is six miles square,
the location of the county seat was sixty
miles north of the base line, and sixty-six
miles west of the principal meridian line.
The reason it was called west fraction sec-
tion 15, the Wabash River divides the sec-
tion, leaving part in Illinois, the remainder in
Indiana.
When the commissioners' court declared
that the seat of justice should be known and
recognized as Aurora, they named a capital,
the realm of which was larger than the State
of Connecticut. Under the auspices and guid-
ance of Joseph Shaw, John Chenoweth and
Samuel Ashmore, as county commissioners,
and William B. Archer, as clerk, and Will-
iam Lockard, as treasurer, was the infant
county launched on her career as an independ-
ent unit of this great State. Could they but
briefly return from that " bourne " and behold
from the few and humble seeds they sowed,
the mighty and wonderful growth of wealth,
improvement, prosperity and power, well
might they exclaim, in the language of the
prophet of old: " Mine eyes have seen Thy
glory, now let Thy servant depart in peace."
When Clark County was organized she had
less than nine hundred inhabitants. Now,
she has twenty-five thousand. When they
named the seat of justice Aurora, there was
not a town or village, not even a trading post.
Now she holds within her limits sixteen towns
and villages. Then there was but one road,
the wilderness being threaded by the trail of
the hunter or the Indian; now her bosom is
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
239
checkered with hiL^hwavs, reaching; every
point within her confines. Her first year's
taxes were less than one hundred and twenty
dollars; now they are over one hundred thou-
sand.
About the year 1821, occurred a threatened
government foreclosure on unpaid-1'or lands,
that came very near leading to disastrous re-
sults, and forms an interesting episode in the
early history, as well as the entire West, but our
limited space will not allow of details in this
■work. All readers of the early history of
Illinois are familiar with the subject.
We find on July IG and 17, 1821, "Joseph
Shaw and John Chenoweth, two of the com-
missioners, met at Aurora to take the out-
lines of the town, and fix the main street and
public square." No court house was ever
erected, the courts being held in a small log
building, very low, and not to exceed twelve
by fourteen feet, which was afterward
used by Judge Stoi kwoll, as a corn-crib, and
afterward as a stable. In this small and
humble building, jurists of eminence presided,
and lawyers of distinction practiced, of which
mention will be made hereafter.
The first sale of town lots took place Au-
gust 5, 1819, and Septer Patrick purchased
the first town lot ever sold in the county, for
twenty dollars. Thirty-seven lots were sold,
ranging in price from seventeen to three hun-
dred dollars. The town improved as much as
could have been expected, considering the
meager number of inhabitants,that the country
•was a wilderness, that there was no money,
no currency scarcely, the circulating medium
being hides and peltry and the limited prod-
uce of the county, save when an occasional
emigrantcame in,with a little of surplus money
left, after locating his land. But these visita-
tions were few and far between at that daj'.
There was no market for anything, and if
there had been the people had nothing to sell.
so their surroundings were not altogether
cheery.
The county built a jail, a strong and sub-
stantial structure. It was about twelve by_
eighteen feet, and two stories high. It was
built of round logs, the cracks chinked and
daubed. The upper story was for the im-
prisonment of insolvent debtors, when the in-
famous code of imprisonment for debts dis-
graced our statute books. It had two barred
windows, one on each side, where the un-
fortunate prisoner could sit and look out
upon the sunlight and feel happy because he
was in prison. A pair of rough stairs as-
cended to a stout, wooden door, opening into
the debtors' room; there was no opening into
tlie lower room, where all offenders other
than debtors, were confined, from the outside,
except a barred window. It was reached by
a trap door from the debtors' room, through
which the prisoners were taken in and out.
The inside of the lower room, or cell, if such it
may be called, was lined by oak slabs, securely
pinned on with wooden pins; the ceiling was
covered in like manner. The jail was built
liy Acquilla Pulteney, for seven hundred and
thirteen dollars. He was paid notes on the
purchasers of town lots in Aurora. The com-
missioners could afford to be a little liberal.
The estray law at that day made it incum-
bent on any taker up of an estray, to bring it to
the county seat at the first circuit court after
such taking up, and put it into the estray pen,
which was a secure and substantial structure
to say the least. It was constructed for the
county by Col. Archer, and any one who
knew anything of him, knows he never built
anything but what was substantial. It was
thirty feet square, six feet high, posts eight
inches square, sunk three feet in the ground,
and of white walnut wood. If an estray was
not claimed and proven in open court, it was
put up at auction, and if no one bid above
240
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
the lawful charges on the same, it became the
property of the taker up.
The county also erected one of those ter-
^rors to evil doers and petty offenders, a " whip-
ping post." It was said to have been a round
tree, stripped of the bark, and about twelve
inches in diameter, and sunk about two feet
in the ground. The offender was tied face to
the post, his arms encircling it, his feet fast-
ened on either side, his back bared, and the
stripes well laid on. It was never used but
on one occasion; a man named Whitley be-
ing tied up and whipped for stealing hogs.
Aurora was thought to be a most eligible
situation for a town and county seat. It
possessed the finest landing on the Wabash,
which in that day was navigable all the year,
and for crafts of considerable size.
The town was situated about two miles
north of Darwin, and its site is marked only
by the farm house of Oliver C. Lawell. Not
a stone is left to mutely tell its history or
existence. It but obeyed the eternal man-
date that all things earthly must pass away.
The people of the county, believing that
the present site of Darwin was a more pleas-
ant location for a town, and a more central
point than Aurora, that it would materially ad-
vance the interests of the county, and be more
convenient to the then sparsely settled coun-
try, petitioned for a re-location of the seat of
justice. By an act of the Legislature, approved
January 21, 1833, the county seat was ordered
to be removed to Darwin, then known as
McClure's Bluff. John McClure, who had
long kept a ferry there, was the proprietor of
the land, and made a donation on which to
build the seat of justice. The site was a
level plateau, above high water mark, and
sightly and Ijeautiful. Being above the
stagnant ponds, and the miasma arising from
them, it is, to-day, the healthiest point on the
Wabash.
William Lockard laid off the town, and it
consisted of sixty-four lots; numbers twenty-
one and twenty-eight were reserved, by the
commissioners, on which to erect a court
house and jail. The sale of town lots occurred
on the first Monday in August, ]S33. The
purchasers of lots were to pay si.x per cent
of the purchase money on day of sale, one-
third of the remainder in nine months, the
other two-thirds in equal annual installments.
John Chenoweth was the crier of the sale.
Our early settlers were evidently not teetotal-
ers and never dreamed of the mighty wave of
prohibition, that, in after years, would roll
across the land from sea to sea, and reach the
uttermost points of this great country. For
the commissioners enter the following
record: " Ordered by the court that John
Richardson procure ten gallons ol whisky to
be drunk on day of sale." Let us of the
present day imagine a board of supervisors
laying out a town into lots for sale, and then
ordering the sheriff to procure ten gallons of
whisky, to be drank upon the occasion, to
be paid for out of the people's money. Such
a storm of indignation would be raised about
their ears that they would be glad to find
peace and oblivion in their political graves.
There were thirty-four lots sold in Darwin
at the first sale, John Richardson being the
first purchaser of a lot, paying for it the sum of
eighty dollars. Lot thirty-two was sold to John
Stafford for one hundred and eleven dollars.
Lot sixty- four was sold to John Chenoweth
for one hundred and three dollars. The low-
est jirice paid for any lot was thirty dollars;
and these for bare, naked lots, in a town
without a building erected. It shows con-
clusively, that the purchasers, and they were
men of sound judgment, had great confidence
in the future of Darwin.
After the removal of the county seat to
Darwin, part of Aurora was inclosed by a
fence. Those having purchased lots in Aurora
were allowed credit on lots purchased in
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
241
Diirwiii for the amount for their Aurora lots,
after deducting twenty-five per cent for the
first cost of lots, at ten dollars and fifty cents
for each lot i^ing within the inclosurc, or
partly within, and fifty cents for each lot lying.
without the inclosure. Why this distinction
was made can only be conjectured.
/ Darwin soon rose in importance, justifying
the foresight of those wiio had invested.
Lots were in demand at increased values.
Buildings sprang up, the population increased
rapidly, the various industries flourished, and
from a single cabin, that marked the site of
McClure's Bluff, there arose a thriving, pros-
perous village.
By her thrift and enterprise she laid under
tribute the country as far west as Effingham,
and as far north as Charleston and Danville.
Farmers wagoned their wheat and corn, and
drove their stock long distances, and ex-
changed them for iron, salt, and other indis-
pensable articles of frontier life. For five
years Darwin town lots were worth more than
those of Chicago. She soon became a formid-
able rival of Terre Haute, and caused that
town great uneasiness about her commercial
safety. Her future then gave brilliant prom-
ise of her becoming the metropolis of the
■-Wabash valley.
On the 4th of August, IS^.j, the commis-
sioners instructed the clerk to advertise and
give notice that the removing of the jail and
estray pen from Aurora to Darwin, would be
let to the lowest bidder on the 3d day of
the following September term of the court.
It was afterward let to John Welsh who per-
formed the work according to contract. This
jail was used until about 1830, when it was
destroyed by fire.
The commissioners on the 2d of March,
1824, ordered that projiosals be received on
the second day of the next circuit court, " for
erecting a house to hold courts in," of the
fi Uowing description: " Twenty-five feet long
in the clear, of hewn oak logs, with a lap
shir)gle roof, two windows in front, and one in
the rear; a story and a half high, a partition
up-stairs; a small window at each end of said
house; plank iloor and rougli plank stairs; the
windows- up stairs to contain six and those
below twelve lights each; chink and plaster
the cracks, and finish the same in a workman-
like manner. The pay to be made in the
notes of individuals who purchased lots in
Darwin, in town lots in Darwin, or partly in
each." The contract was let to Lucius Kibby
for the sum of six hundred dollars. He
agreed to take lots number forty-nine, fifty,
sixt^'-three and sixty-four, at two hundred
and eighty dollars, the remainder, three hun-
dred and twenty dollars to be paid, one half
on the first of April next (1825), and the re-
mainder when the house is finished — which
be engages to complete in one year from date.
He did not finish the work within the time
specified, nor was it finish- d until March,
1827, nearly two years and a half being spent
in its erection. The county commissioners
were the first to occupy it, and held a special
term of their court, on the 28th of April, hav-
ing met to examine the court house. William
Martin and Enoch Davis, two workmen
mutually chosen by the commissioners and
Lucius Kibby, to ascertain the same, having
examined the house, reported that it had not
been done according to contract, and sixty
dollars was deducted from the amount origi-
nally agreed upon for erecting building.
The commissioners, however, gave Kibby an
extra allowance of nine dollars for putting in
a fire-place, and an additional window up-
stairs.
In September, 1832, the court house was
weather boarded, and otherwise repaired, and
rendered a very comfortable building for the
period. A Presbyterian minister named
Enoch Bouton, lived up-stairs and held serv-
ices below. The hall of justice answered a
243
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
variety of purposes, and was kept in constant
service. The court house was situated on lot
twenty-eight, and is still standing, and used
as a stable by Doctor Pierce.
On Wednesday, December 5, A. D. 1833,
at a meeting of the county coraniissioners,
it was ordered that a new jail be built. On
the 5th of January, 1833, the coniraissioners
met and offered to the lowest bidder, Mechom
Main, junior, the contract for building the
new jail, for which ho was to receive the sum
of four hundred and ninety-five dollars.
The glory and prosperity of Darwin were
destined to pass away. Terre Haute, alarmed
for her commercial safety, used every exertion
to wrest from Darwin the trade she had earned.
The National Road, that great thoroughfare
from Wheeling, Va., to St. Louis, was in
course of construction and passed through
Terre Haute, who wished to secure the trade of
the country west, while Darwin relied chiefly
upon the river for prosperity. Terre Haute
was independent without it.
The opening of the National Road through
the county in 1834 greatly increased the fa-
cilities for travel and transportation, and the
agricultural interests of the county, along its
line, were very largely stimulated. The de-
velopment of villages along and in the sev-
eral townships contiguous to the then great
thoroughfare, was very rajsid.
The people soon began to feel that the seat
of justice at Darwin, where they were com-
pelled to go for the transaction of all public
business, was too remote and isolated, and
was not at all situated with reference to the
wants and convenience of the then present
and future population. The northern section
also began to receive an influx of immigrants,
and they, feeling and appreciating the incon-
venience, joined in the clamor lor the relo-
c.ition of the county seat. The proposition
was vigorously and loudly opposed by the
southern portion of the county. Meetings
were held for and against the propos.tion,
and the excitement ran high. The merits of
geographical and population centers were
loudly and vigorously discussed.
In the fall of 1835 a petition for county
seat removal, and remonstrance against, were
industriously circulated through the county,
the two receiving the signatures of nearly
all the county voters, the removal petition
having a decided majority. These memori-
als were presented to the Legislature at its
session of 1835-6, which body, in pursuance
of the majority petition, passed an act sub-
mitting the question to a vote of the people.
The commissioners were all eminent. Gen.
Thornton being one of the most distinguished
men in the State. However, they failed to
locate the seat of justice, being unable to
agree upon any given site, and so reported to
the county commissioners.
In 1836 another petition and remonstrance
were circulated, though not attended with
the same excitement and acrimony that c lar-
acterized the former year. These were pre-
sented to the Legislature, which body, in
order to forever settle the vexed question,
passed another act, which became a law in
March, 1837, submitting the question to the
people. The election came off unattended
with the usual fierceness and excitement, for
it was evident that a majority of the people
favored removal, though the opposition to the
proposition made a vigorous and gallant
campaign. The result was as follows:
Precincts. For rfmoval. Against.
East Union o'J 55
West Union 4 'i
Dubois, Cont. Darwin... 6 138
Washington 164 , 31
Cumberland 91 2
Richland 64 0
378 3;i8
Majority for, 150.
But after the county seat removal question
m
C^^W- " if ^^.ii;:^^^^,^^^^.-^
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
245
was settled, the more exciting and more mo-
mentous one arose, to wiiich point should it
be removed — Auburn or Marshall — they be-
ing the only eligible sites. Then occurred,
from May to August, lSo~, a brief, but one
of the most bitter and exciting election con-
tests ever in the county; one that was char-
acterized by scathing jiorsoiial detraction
and abuse. There were no newspapers in
the county in that day, and hence the matter
could not be argued through those great dis-
seminators of information. There were no
politics in the question, and it became one
merely of geographical location between
the contestants, and one of personal and pri-
vate interest. Meetings were held all over
the county, which were largely attended by
the people, to hear the merits of the two
places discussed by haranguing orators. The
only way of electioneering was to praise one
place and denounce the other. Much that
was bitter and acrimonious was said for and
against the contesting points. Wordy doc-
uments were widely circulated, influencing
the public mind. Vituperation and ridicule
were indulged in freely, and so fierce anil
caustic was the fight, that the activity and
bitterness of a present day political cam-
paign would be moderation and mildness,
compared with it. It was the all-absorbing
topic — overshadowed and swallowed up every-
thing else. The gathering of the people from
different sections at the mills, on grinding
days, in the small towns, at the blacksmith
shops, and even at church meetings, was the
signal for fierce discussions and clash of opin-
ions. And in several instances where the
respective merits of the two places could not
be settled by argument and controversy, the
matter was arbitrated by rough and tumble
; fights. It is related that before the com-
mencement of hostilities in some of the en-
I gagements, it was stipulated that the de-
\ feated should vote at the dictation of the
victor; and one brawny Hercules is said to
have converted to Auburn three contuma-
cious men whose predilections were for Mar-
shall, his missionary efforts being attended
with only the loss of a few teeth and a por-
tion of his scalp. It was a vigorous but con-
vincing way of electioneering.
The day at last arrived, the contest closed,
and the votes gave tlie following result:
Precincts. Marshall. Auburn.
East Union 63 7'Z
Cumberland 4 123
West Un ion 5 42
Richland I't 57
Dubois ....l-tl 27
Washington 221 41
Total 453 362
3G2
Marshall's majority Ul
Had it not been for the decided majorities
in Washington and Dubois Precincts, the
two then embracing nearly one-half of the
county and its voting population, the whole
current of our county history might have been
changed.
Marshall had been selected by the people
as their county capital, with every indication
of its ever so remaining. The town was laid
out, October 3, 1835, by the proprietors. Col.
W. B. Archer, and Joseph Duncan, after-
ward Governor and United States Senator,
on the south half of section thirteen, and
the northwest quarter of section twenty-
four, township eleven north, range twelve
west, the dividing line of the sections pass-
ino- through the courthouse, and was named
in honor of John Marshall, the most eminent
chief justice that ever adorned the Supreme
Court of the country. The proprietors made
liberal and munificent donations of land and
lots in perpetuity to the county, for court
house, jail and other purposes.
The county seat was removed to Marshall in
24(J
HISTORY OF CLARK LOUXTY.
June, 1838. The present court house was not
completed until the following year. The first
jail, a log one, stood on the lot on which Mrs.
Hannah Patten resides. The first court was
held in a i'rame building, its site marked by
the residence of Mrs. Sarah A. Lawrence.
Succeeding courts, until the completion of
court house, were held in a building on south
side of square, near the old Sutton homestead.
The county seat question like Banquo's
ghost, " would not down." The corpse laid
in its grave but a year or two, until the
skeleton was dragged forth, clothed with spe-
cious argument and held up to the view of
pul)lic opinion. The agitation of the question
then began. At first it had but few followers
or advocates; but these were earnest and
tireless and kept the question continually be-
fore the people. And as the western portion
of the county became more populous, the
matter assumed definite shape. Again was
the old question of geographical centers dis-
cussed, and for some time the contest was
warmer and far more bitter if possible, than
in the removal from Darwin.
Thus matters stood until the summer of
1848, when petitions were widely circulated
and largely signed, memirializing the Leo-is-
lature, for a re-location of the county seat.
That body enacted a law at its next session,
again submitting the question to the vote of the
])eople. The campaign was short, sharp and
bitter, and on the third Monday in May, 1849,
the contesting parties rallied their forces, and
the battle was fought with the following re-
sult:
Precincts. For Marshall. Against
Darwin 161 20
Clear Creek 99 00
Mill Creek 34 13
York TO 46
Auburn 39 83
Cumberland GO 43
Martinsville 14 136
Richland 47 137
Johnson g 65
Melrose H g()
Livingston , 104 28
JIarsliall 19-1. 2
Total 771
640
640
]\rarshall's majority 131
Thus ended a memorable campaign, the
last of the kind, and one, it is to be hoped
which forever settled the county seat location.
In England, about A. D. 871, King Alfred,
to prevent the rapines and disorders which
prevailed in the realm, instituted a system of
territorial division, which was the nearest ap-
proach to our Americin county and precinct
system of which history gives anv account,
and it is not impossible but that it contained
the first gern^s of the' same. This was the
division of the kingdom into " tithings," an
Anglo-Saxon term equivalent to " ten things,"
or groups of ten. Each tithing was the area
inhabited by ten contiguous families, who
were "frank pledges," that is, free pledges or
surety to the King for each others' good be-
havior, and were bound to have any offender
within their district arrested and forthcoming.
One of the principal inhabitants of the tithing
was annually appointed to preside over it,
entitled tithingman, or bead borougli, sup-
posed to be the most discreet man within it.
And it is within the confines of possibility to
suppose, that from "tithingman" through the
modifications and gradations of the centuries,
and our descent from the parent stock, was
evolved our otBce of county commissioner or
township supervisor. As ten families consti-
tuted a tithing, so ten tithings constituted a
hundred, governed by a high constable or
bailiff; and an indefinite number of families.
The shire, or county system, as created by
Alfred the Great, changed and modified dui-
ing the lapse of centuries, with its parish sub-
divisions, corresponding somewhat to the old
HISTORY OF CLAP.K COUNTY.
247
precinct system, were imported from Entjland
by tlu' first settlers of Viigiiiia, and firmly
enrjrafted upon the early statutes, wliere it
still clings with un^'ielding tenacity, and with
some modifications, is in full force at the pres-
ent day. When Illinois was organized as a
Virginia county, the same system was par-
tially introduced for its government, which
made a strong and lasting impress upon the
early laws. It existed in Illinois intact while
she was a Virginia county; through her sev-
eral grades of territorial government; and as
a State, until 1848, when the first departure
was made. And in twenty-four counties the
system, substantial!}', is still in force.
From the organization of the county, in
1819, until the year 1S49, the management of
county affairs was entrusted to a county com-
missioners' court, composed of three members,
elected by the voters of the county. This
court was first created under the legislative
act of March 23, 1819, though the law was
amended and changed at nearly every session
of the Legislature, until the adoption of the
Constitution of 1848. The court held four
sessions each year, on the first Mondays of
March, June, September and December, cor-
responding almost exactly with the meetings
of our present board of superv isors. It coul
sit six days, unless the county business was
sooner transacted. The court had exclusive
jurisdiction in all matters pertaining to the
fiscal affairs of the county, regulating and
imposing the county tax. It appointed its
own clerk, and could remove him at any time,
for sufficient cause, and also had the appoint-
ment of county treasurer, grand and petit
jurors, together with numerous other duties.
By the State Constitution of 1848, the form
of the county commissioners' court was
changed. The law provided for the creation
of a county court, with original jurisdiction in
all probate matters, etc., and the election of a
county judge, to hold his office four years.
The law further provided for the election of
two justices of the peace, in the county at
large, in addition to the number the county
was entitled by law, whose jurisdiction was
co-extensive with the county, and who should
sit with the county judge, as a county court
for the transaction of all county business, and
in which court the law vested all the powers
and authority hitherto exercised by the county
commissioners' court. The county judge was
the presiding officer, and any two of the court
constituted a quorum. The two members of
the court, other than the judge, were styled
"Associate Justices." This form of county
government continued until the adoption of
township organization.
The early subdivisions of the county are
somewhat vague, as the countj' embraced so
large a scope of country, that like the maps of
the ancients the lines ran into unexplored
realms. The law of 1819 made it obligatory,
on the part of the county commissioners, to
elect three justices of the peace to lay
off the county into election districts,
and upon the commissioners to divide
the county into precincts or townships.
The commissioners selected Joseph Shaw,
Georo-e W. Catron and James W. Parker.
D
They met at the house of Charles Neelj', at
the head of Walnut Prairie, April 19, 1819,
and proceeded to lay off the county into
election districts according to law:
No. 1. Beginning at the southeast corner
of the said county, on the Wabash River,
thence up said river to Mill Creek; thence up
said creek to the west boundary line of said
county, thence south to the southwest corner
of said county, thence east with the county
line to the place of beginning.
No. 2. Beginning on the Wabash River at
the mouth of Mill Creek, thence up said river
to the mouth of Kirkendall's Creek (now Big
Creek), ti'.ence up said creek to the west
boundary of said county; thence soutli to the
248
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
main channel of Mill Creek, thence down said
creek with the " mianders " thereof, to the
place of beginning.
No. 3. Beginning on the Wabash River at
the mouth of Big or Kirkendall's Creek,
thence up the said river to the middle of the
tenth range of townships to the north bound-
ary of township twelve, thence west with the
township line between twelve and thirteen, to
the county line, thence south to Kirkendall's
Creek, thence down said creek with the
" mianders " thereof, to the place of begin-
ning.
No. 4. Beginning at the middle of the
tenth range of townships on the line between
twelve and thirteen, thence north to the north
boundary line of said county, thence west to
the northwest corner of said county, thence
south to the township between townships
twelve and thirteen, thence east with said
township line to the place of beginning. The
first vvas called Union, the second, Dubois,
the third, Washington, and the fourth, Wayne.
The three first named townships, although
greatly reduced in territory, retained their
names and a portion of their boundaries, until
after the adoption of township organization.
By an act of the Legislature, of 1823, Guy
W. Smith, who was a receiver of public lands,
at Palestine, was authorized and requested to
])roeure and have placed where the dividing
line between the States of Indiana and Illi-
nois leaves, the nortliwest bank of the Wa-
bash, forty-six miles due north of Vincennes,
at a mulberry post forty links from the
water's edge, a hewn stone of at least five
feet in length and fifteen inches in diameter,
and cause the following inscriptions to be
made thereon, namely: on the east "Indiana;"
on the west, " Illinois;" on the north; " 159
miles and forty-six links to Lake Jlichigan."
He was to receive therefor any sum not ex-
ceeding one hundred dollars.
At the June term, 1S:20, of the commission-
ers' court, a petition was filed by sundry per-
sons of the County of Clark and State of
Illinois, praying for a new township to be
composed partly of Wayne and Washington
townships. The court granted the petition
and named the township " Pike."
The formation of Edgar County, in 1823,
extinguished Wayne township, and part of
Pike. The commissioners ordered that Wash-
ington township include all the county north
of Big Creek. In .lune, 1824, the boundary
was again changed, and the county commis-
sioners ordered " that all of this county north
of the south line of town eleven (11) north,
and all north of Big Creek, be included in
Washington Township. In June, 1827, the
county was again re-districted as follows:
" Court orders that all that part of this
county, lying south of Mill Creek, be called
Union Township. Court establish Dubois
Township, as heretofore establisiied. Court
order that Washington Township include all
of this county lying north of Dubois Town-
ship, and east of the line between range
twelve and thirteen west. Court order that
Enibarras Township include all of this county
lying north of Dubois, and west of the
line between range twelve and thirteen
west." This line extending north, was the
west line of Edgar County. The divisions so
remained until in 1829, when there were
some slight changes made in their territorial
boundaries, but not of sufficient importance
to notice here.
The law of elections in that day, required
the polls to be open at eight and close at six.
Thirty minutes' announcement before the
closing of the polls was necessary. The
judges, at their option, could postpone closing
the polls until twelve o'clock at night. Any
elector could vote for president and vice-
president anywliere in the State. For State
senator and rejiresentativc, anywhere in the
district he was entitled to vote. For countv
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
249
ofiicers, at anj' voting place in the county.
If he voted more than once, the penalty was
a fine of a hundred dollars, to go to the
county wherein the oft'ense was committed.
There was no penalty of impiisounient.
Think of that law being in force to-day, in
some of our large cities, or even in our own
county! At the first close and exciting
election, the aggregate vote would indicate a
population of sixty thousand. No naturaliza-
tion papers were required; all that was neces-
sary was a six months' residence in the State
preceding the election. The judges had the
power, for the preservation of order and to
protect themselves from insult and abuse, to
fine any and all riotous persons, and upon
failure to pay, to send them to the county jail
not exceeding twenty days. After the clos-
ing of the polls, one of the poll books was
sealed, and to be delivered to the county
clerk within four days after the election, by
one of the judges or clerks, to be determined
by lot, if they could not otherwise agree.
The other poll book was left with one of the
judges, and kept open for inspection. Any
person ofi"ering to vote, whose vote was chal-
lenged, merely had to swear or affirm that he
had resided in the State six months immedi-
ately preceding the election and had not
voted at the election. No identifying and
corroborating witnesses were required. Any
unqualified person voting, was to forfeit not
more than fifty, nor less than twenty-five dol-
lars. Though if the judges believed him a
legal voter, he was not to be fined.
The county remained thus divided until
Coles County was organized in the winter of
1830, which extingviished the townships or
precincts of Embarras and Hamilton. In
March, 1831, the commissioners formed a
new precinct in the northwest part of the
county, called "Richland." In 1836 a new
precinct was added, called "Cumberland."
Union precinct had hitherto been divided
into East and West Union precincts. The
precincts or townships in the county were
now named East Union, West Union, Dubois,
Washington, Richland and Cumberland. In
March, 1848, the county was redistricted by
the commissioners into twelve precincts,
named as follows: East Union, or York, Du-
bois or Darwin, Clear Creek, Livingston,
Marshall, Mill Creek, Auburn, Melrose, Mar-
tinsville, Richland, Cumberland and Johnson
precincts.
These divisions remained unchanged, with
the exception that a new precinct, called
Upper Marshall or Castle Fin, was added,
until the adoption of township organization.
The Constitution of 1848, for the first time
in the history of the State, contemplated and
recognized a departure from the old and
time-honored precinct system of county gov-
ernment, and opened the way for the intro-
duction of the present township mode of gov-
ernment. The section relating to the matter
is as follows: "The General Assembly shall
provide, by a general law, for a township or-
ganization, under which any county may or-
ganize whenever a majority of the voters of
such county, at any general election, shall so
determine; and whenever any county shall
adopt a township organization, so much of
this Constitution as provides for the manage-
ment of the fiscal concerns of the said county
by the county court, may be dispensed with,
and the affairs of said county may be trans-
acted in such manner as the General As-
sembly may provide."
In pursuance of the foregoing, the Legis-
lature enacted a law, February 17, 1851, pro-
viding that the county court, on the petition
of fifty legal voters, should cause to be
submitted to the voters of said county, at
any general election, the question of the
adoption or I'ejection of township organiza-
tion. The law further provided that thet
«;ounty court, at its next session after such,
250
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
adoption, should appoint three residents of
the county as commissioners, to divide the
county into townships. The commissioners
were to divide the county into as many towns
as there were Congressional townships therein.
Where there were fractional townships, caused
by county or State lines, or by streams, such
fractions could be added to other townships,
or added together. Tlie commissioners were
required to make a written report of their
proceedings, giving the names and bounds
of each town, to the county clerk, on or be-
fore the first day of March nextsucceding the
adoption of township organization. Town-
ships were to be named in accordance with
the e.xpressed wish of their inhabitants, un-
less there was contention. In that case, the
commissioners were to designate the name.
At the September term, 1854, of the coun-
ty court, a petition was presented, signed by
the requisite number of legal voters, pray-
ing the question of organizing Clark County
into townships be submitted to the people,
at the November general election following.
There was considerable opposition to the new
system, but the proposition carried over-
whelmingly. The people had tried the pre-
cinct system, with its many imperfections,
even since the formation of the county, and
were ripe and ready for any change that
promised better. Many specious arguments
were urged in favor of the proposed town-
ship organization. By its adoption, it was
claimed that every section of the county
would have a representative in the board of
supervisors to watch and guard its interests.
By its adoption, each township was made a
body corporate, with full and ample powers
to manage and control its own internal affairs.
It could dictate and control the levy of its
own taxes for school, bridge, and the vari-
ous other taxes for township purposes. It
could conduct its schools after its own fash-
ion, and could lay out, alter and vacat'; its
roads at will. It could choos? one from their
midst to value and assess their lands and per-
sonal property, and one also to collect their
taxes. In short it made eacli township a miii-
atiire county, investing it with a degree of in-
dependence, and with powers not to be deriveil
from, or enjoyed under, the old precinct
system.
On the 7th day of November, 1854, the
election occurred, with the following results:
TOWNSHIP organization:
Trecincts. For. Against.
Darwin or Dubois 47 111
Melrose 139 1
Livingston 127 20
Auburn 79 79
Cumberland 79 00
Mill Creek 20 3
Marshall 184 183
Richland lis 3
Martinsville 153 76
Union or York 94 15
Castle Fin 34 8
Clear Creek 80 29
Johnson 127 00
Totals 1277 528
And so township organization was adopted.
Township organization is a system of
county government having its origin in the
New England States; and as the people of
those States have migrated westward, it
has been carried into most of the Northern
and Western States. It is purely a Yankee
institution, and is a system whereby the ter-
ritory of each county is divided into conven-
ient districts, called towns or townships, or
as they are styled in the law, quasi corpora-
tions.
It is said the first town meeting ever held
in New England or America to consider af-
fairs of common interest, occurred on March
2'i, 1621, for the purpose of perfecting mili-
tary arrangements against the Indians, at
which a o-overnor was elected for the ensu-
ino- year. And it is noticed, as a coincidence,
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
2.11
wliother from that source or otherwise, tliat
* the annual town meetings in the New Enghmd
States have ever since been held in the
spring of the year. New York imitatetl this
example; and in every Northwestern State
where the township system exists, the annual
town meeting for election of officers, oc-
curs likewise in the spring, either in March
or April.
The township officers are one supervisor,
who is ex officio, member of the county board,
a town clerk, one assessor and collector each,
three commissioners of highwaj's, two jus-
tices of the peace and two constables, and
as many road overseers as there are road
districts in the township. Our system, as
adopted and perfected, is borrowed almost
entire from the laws of New York. The of-
ficers are the same — their duties substan-
tially the same. Boards of supervisors, as
constituted by the laws of our State, are de-
liberative assemblies and their proceedings
conducted according to general parliamentary
rules.
The county court, at its December term,
1854, following the adoption of township or-
ganization, appointed Randolph Lee, Charles
H. Welsh and John B. Briscoe commission-
ers to lay off the county into townships, as
required and provided for in the legislative
act, who performed their duty as follows:
Wabash, Marshall, Dolson, Parker, West-
field, Cumberland, Martinsville, Anderson,
Darwin, York, Melrose, Orange and Johnson.
The first supervisors elected under township
organization were John Pearce, from Ander-
son Township; George Conger, Cumberland;
James Lockard, Darwin; Wesley Norman,
Dolson; James Brooks, Johnson; Nathan
Willard, Marshall; Morrison Spenny, Mar-
tinsville; James Cowden, Melrose; John
Swope, Orange; T. H.Connelly, Parker; An-
drew Dunlap, Wabash; Chas. Biggs, West-
field; and Jacob Dolson, York.
There was considerable dissatisfaction con-
cerning the division of the county into town-
ships. The people of York Township, at the
September term, 1855, of the board of super-
visors, petitioned that so much of York Town-
ship as lies north of Mill Creek, be attached
to Darwin Township, which resolution was
considered and rejected. The citizens of Dar-
win Township also presented a petition for a
change and alteration of the boundary line of
the township, which was also rejected.
The law delegated to boards of supervisors
power and authority to create new townships.
And so at the September term, 1858, the
board created Douglas Township, the four-
teenth organized townfhip. At their June term
1859, the board organized a new township,
composed of nine sections of land from Dol-
son township, three from Martinsville, three
from Marshall, and one from Anderson, and
called it "Auburn." This is the central
township in the county, and was the last
formed. It is four miles square, and con-
tains sixteen sections of land.
No other change, either iu name or bound-
ary of any township has been made up to the
present time. The names and land areas of
the townships as now organized, are as fol-
lows:
Anderson Township, 35 sections.
Auburn " 16 "
Casey " 36 «
Darwin " about 34- "
Dolson, " 40.V "
Douglas " 18' «
Johnson " 36 "
Marshall " 33 «
Martinsville " 37| «
Melrose " 36 "
Orange " 36 "
Parker " 36 «
AVabash " 7:i "
Westfield " 18 "
York " about 35 «
Total 519
CHAPTER lY.
CLARK'S FIRST COURTS AND ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE— AN INCIDENT OF FLOG-
GING—HOW A SHERIFF ADJOURNED COURT— OFFICERS AND THEIR PAY— WAR
HISTORY— EARLY MILITARY FORCES OF THE COUNTY— BLACK HAWK
—MEXICAN WAR— THE REBELLION— FART TAKEN
IN IT BY CLARK, ETC., ETC.
TN tlie earlj' days justice was administered
•^ without much show or parade. Courts
were mostly held in log houses, or in tavern
rooms fitted up temporarily for the occasion.
Yet, in these huml)le halls, as able and emi-
nent jurists as ever graced any Bench pre-
sided over the courts and dispensed justice
with dignity and fairness. Not only were
these judges renowned for their legal lore,
but wore distinguished for their attainments
in other fields of learning. Thus the plead-
ings and doings in those early courts ap-
pear strange and primitive to us, and a
verbatim, copy of some of the records would
furnish considerable amusement to the legal
fraternity and generation of the present day.
One marked characteristic of early courts,
was the pointedness and remarkable brevity
of their recorded proceedings. A few words
sufficed to explain and record all that was
necessary in the most important cases, and a
small, three-quire blank book contains all
the proceedings of the Clark County Circuit
Court for seven years. A record that would
scarcely serve to index the cases of one of
our modern terms.
The first court ever convened in this county
was held at Aurora, Monday, September 20,
1819, Thomas C. Browne, presiding judge.
The court lasted but part of one day, and
the only business transacted %vas approving
the clerk's, coroner's and sheriffs bonds.
" Thereupon," as the old record sagely re-
marks, "the court adjourned until court in
course." The litigation was usually of an
inconsequential character. The lawsuits were
principally small appeal cases, actions of tres-
pass, slander, indictments for assault and
battery, affrays, riots, selling liquor without
license, etc. There was now and then an in-
dictment for larceny, murder, and other
felonies. There were but wo indictments
for m\irder during the first twelve years of
the county's history, and very few for minor
felonies. The first killing in the county, of
which the court took recognizance, was the
murder of Cyrus Shafp by Jacob Blaze, in
1823, near Big Creek, and about one half
mile south of the residence of Joseph Cook,
Sr.
No negro, mulatto, or Indian could testify
against a white person. Any having one
fourth negro blood was adjudged a mulatto.
The offenses committed were usually petty
and trifling, and were punishable by fine and
imprisonment in the count}"- jail. The pen-
alty for felonies, other than murder and man-
slaughter, was flogging, fine and imprison-
ment. The death penalty was inflicted by
hanging; and, on application, the body of
the criminal turned over to the surgeons for
dissection. Burglary, robbery and larceny
were each punishable by not over one hun-
dred lashes on bare hack, and tine and im-
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
"ST
prisonment. Col. Fickliii relates a story, as
having actually happened, of a fellow who was
convicted of stealino; moat, and was sentenced
to receive twenty-five stripes. The sheriff
promptly removed the prisoner, and admin-
istered the castinjation. AVhile undergoing
the drubbin<r, his counsel had motioned for a
new trial, and was arguing the same, when
the culprit returned into court, smarting and
twisting under the vigorous castigation. He
soon comprehended the situation, and began
sliding toward his attorney, and pulling his
coat, said in a loud, hoarse whisper, that all
could hoar: "Bell, for the Lord's sake don't
git another trial, I took the meat, and thev've
larruped the daylights outer me for it, and if
vou git another hitch they'll lam me again,
and ouch, how it hurts."
The first cause ever tried' in Clark County
■was on Monday, April 17, 1820, in which
Thomas Wilson was plaintiff, and William
B. Archer, executor of Lewis Bohn, deceased,
was defendant. It was an appeal case from
the judgment of Charles Patrick, justice of
the peace. At this term there were five
cases docketed, three of which were con-
tinued. Whether our pioneer ancestors were
any more given to mendacious tattling than
their posterity can only be conjectured. But
it seems that alleged slander was a fruitful
source of litigation in early times. But the
juries of the day either considered character
and reputation of little worth, or else the of-
fensive statements were true, as the defend-
ant in these suits was seldom found guilty,
and when convicted, the damage awarded
was insignificant. The following' cited case
will serve as an example for all the rest:
Sarah Coneioay v. George W. Catron. Suit
for slander. Damages claimed, $5,000.
Fifteen witnesses sworn. Jury retire, who,
after mature deliberation come into court
and say, we, the jury, find the defendant
guilty, and assess the plaintiff's damages to
six and a fourth cents. Joseph Shaw, fore-
man. Quite a considerable discount from
the original claim.
The first court in Darwin was held on Thurs-
day, May 8, 1823. It was held in the tavern
of John McClure, as were the two succeeding
terms. The fourth was held at the house of
Jacob Harlan, and .afterward in the court
house. The arguments of counselors in
those days were not embellished with quota-
tions from numberless text book«, nor forti-
fied with culled decisions from a half century
of Supreme Court reports, for they had no
library of hundreds of volumes to repair
to at their pleasure. But in salient points of
plain, fundamental law as uttered between
the lids of Kent and Blackstone, their argu-
ments were fully up to the standard of to-day.
The appended lists embrace the names of
all the judges who have held courts in Clark,
with their respective terms of service, and also-'
the names of all the proseeuting attorneys:
Thomas C. BrowiifSept., 1819, to April,
1820; William Wilson, Chief Justice, April,
1830, to May, 1825; James O. Wattles, May,
1825, to Nov., 1825; James Hall, Nov., 1825,
to May, 1S26; James O. Wattles, May, 1826,
to April, 1827; William Wilson, April, 1827,
to April, 1835; Justin Harlan, April, 1835, to
Oct., 1835; Alex. F. Grant, Oct., 18:J5, to
May, 183(j; Justin Harlan, May, 1836, to May,
1841; William Wilson, May, 1841, to May,
1849; Justin Harlan, 1849 to 1801; Charles
H. Constable, 1801 to 1860; Hiram B. Decius,
1806 to 1872; Oliver L. Davis, 1872 to 1879;
William E. Nelson, Colonel B. Smith, Oliver
L. Davis, Jacob W. Wilken.
Prosecuting Attorxeys. — .lohn M. Rob-
inson, Edwin B. Webb, Orlando B. Ficklin,
Augustus C. French; Gardner B. Shellady,
Aaron Shaw, Alfred Kitchell, John Scholfield,
James R. Cunningham, Silas S. Whitehead,
John L. Ryan, Thomas L. Orndorff.
The late Judge Harlan, with his prodigious
>-
251
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
memory, possessed an inexhaustible store of
anecdotes, of old time courts, gleaned from
his long years of individual experience as
judge, and many were the amusing stories
he related to the writer of early days, and
two we will here repeat: In one of the
southern counties of the circuit, a long, lank
and cadaverous specimen, and as verdant as
the backwoods he hailed from, was elected
sheriff. He was clever and good hearted, and
had a stentorian voice. At the first court
after his election he walked into the room,
carrying a heavy rifle, and dressed in a cos-
tume at once unique and picturesque. He
•wore the inevitable wamus, and his nether
extremities were encased in a new pair of
bright, pea green unmentionables, except a
ten inch abbreviation of each leg was pieced
out with cloth of blue. His first words were:
"Well, Jedge, I'm the sheriff, what'll you
have?" "Convene court, Mr. Sheriff." "Do
what, Jedge?" replied the sheriff, the word
"convene" having floored him. "Open court,
Mr. Sheriff." This was done in a tone tiiat
shook the rafters. Not a juryman was pres-
ent, and the judge inquired, "Where is the
panel, sheriff?" "Where is the what, Jedge?"
"Why, the panel, the jury." "Oh! they're
round somewhar, and I'll hunt 'em up." In a
few minutes he returned, and said: "There's
going to be a fight over at Brayley's, and
they won't come 'till arter its over." "Mr.
sheriff," said the judge sternly, "I command
you to bring the jury here forthwith." "All
right, Jedge, I'll fetch em." And seizing his
rifle he marched over to Brayley's, and in a
tone full of meaning, said: "Boys, the old man
over thar is madder'n a hornet, and wants you
oraediately. I'll give you jest one minit to
git, and the chap that aint trottin' then, I'll
drop," bringing his gun to his shoulder. It
goes without saying, that the jury was speed-
ily impaneled.
No irreverence is intended by the following,
but is merely to show the ignorance and stu-
pidity of an officer, and a practical joke of
early days: Among the hangers-on at the
court, was a fellow named Murray, occasion-
ally a jury man or bailiff. He was a great
favorite with the judge, who liked him for his
many genial qualities and sunny nature, but
he was an incorrigible wan-. Taking the
sheriff aside after the first adjournment, he
told him privately as a friend, that he had
been talking to the judge, who was well
pleased with his promptness and efficiency,
all except his manner of adjournment. But
that he, the judge, felt some delicacy in tell-
ing him, for fear of wounding his feelings.
That the adjournment ought to be made in
his loudest tones, so the outside world could
hear, and that under the new code, the ad-
journment should be closed with "so help me
Jesus Christ and General Jackson, Amen,"
as this was a Democratic county. He urged
him to say nothing, and at the next adjourn-
ment, both surprise and please the judge.
The sheriff, aware of Murray's intimacy with
the judge, believed him implicitly. That
evening, at the proper hour, the judge ob-
served, "Mr. Sheriff, adjourn court." At a
nod from Murray the officer braced himself
and with a roar that awoke the echoes for a
mile or more, he yelled: "Oh! yes; Oh! yes;
the honorable Circuit Court is now adjourned
until to-morrow morning at nine o'clock, so
help me Jesus Christ and General Jackson,
amen!"
The court was adjourned, and the sheriff
near losing his position for contempt, until
Jlurray explained, and received a severe rep-
rimand.
Clark County with a distinct organization
extending throusrh sixty- four years, from the
morning till the twilight of the nineteenth
century has had but very few officers in some
departments. Owing to the absence of some
of the old records, it is difficult to collate an
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
255
accurate list of all those who have been hon-
ored by the citizens of the county with posi-
tions of profit and trust. Especially is this
the case with regard to the treasurers and
coroners. It is a fact to be remarked, how-
ever, that in all the offices since the formation
of the county but one vacancy has been oc-
casioned by death, and but three from resig-
nation. Owing to the then large area of the
county, and the sparse population, the duties
of some of the pioneer county officers were
extremely arduous. In the listing of taxable
pro]3erty by the treasurer, and the collection
of the revenue by the sheriff, the isolation
of the settlements necessitated long and te-
dious journe3'S, through a wilderness without
roads, leagues often intervening between
habitations. Judge Stockwell relates that
he onoe collected the taxes throughout the
county, and walked through deep snow over
the site of the present town of Charleston,
Coles county, at the time the surveyors were
laj'ing it out, and at the end of a week, he
found upon comijaring, that he had traveled
a mile for each cent of revenue he had re-
ceived. At the December term, 1819, of the
commissioners' court, the following appears
of record: "It appearing to the court, that
William Lockard, treasurer, has been put to
much trouble in taking a list of taxable pro-
perty this present year, that the sum allowed
by law is not sufficient to compensate him,
therefore court do allow him extra of his al-
lowance by law, which amounts to only nine
dollars and ten cents for this present year,
the sum of fifteen dollars." No doubt this
was considered ample remuneration for listing
the property of a county at that time com-
prising one eighth of the entire State. To-day
the sum would scarcely complete the assess-
ment of a school district. In the summoning
of jurors, witnessess, etc., the serving of a
single process often involved a journey of a
hundred miles. Yet the salary of the sheriff
was but fifty dollars per annum. County
treasurers were appointed by the commis-
sioners, and the office was not one usually from
which the incumbent retired rolling in wealth.
In addition to his allowance for assessment
services, he received two per centum com-
mission on collected revenues, which, in
exceptional years, amounted to as much as
four dollars, which swelled the aggregate of
his annual salary to as much as thirty dollars.
Charles Patrick, a pioneer treasurer, in an ex-
hibit of the fiscal concerns of the county, re-
ported that the levy of the previous year was
two hundred and fifty dollars, and that all
outstanding orders, except two for a dollar
each, had been redeemed, and these remained
in the treasury, not otherwise appropriated,
the sum of sixteen and one fourth cents. He
also suggested and recommended a reduction
in the tax levy of the then current year. No
doubt he had the interest of the tax payers
at heart, and perhaps was desirous to avoid
the weighty responsibility of having as much
as three hundred dollars in the county coffers
at one time. The clerk of the circuit and
commissioners' courts, for one person filled the
dual position, was paid about in the same pro-
portion.
The salary of Jacob Harlan for the year
1834 was but $7-4.'25, which amount included
the sum of $6.87| expended for years' sup-
ply of stationery. For every dollar then paid,
we now pay hundreds for the same articles.
But these were the days of real frugality and
economy. All legal instruments and docu-
ments, summons, deeds, assessment lists,
county orders, election notices, and in fact
every instrument, was written out at length,
as printed blanks were very rare and e,\c :ed-
ingly costly. In 1824 the clerk was ordered
to procure one quire of printed blank deeds,
and the same cost $9 in Vandalia, the nearest
press in the State, besides seventy-five cents
postage to Darwin. This was the last pur-
236
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
chase of blanks for many years. And it
slioilld he bortie in mind that the salaries of
these officers were paid generally in State
bank notes, then very much depreciated.
Though the county was small in population
and extensive in territory, yet when we com-
pare the cost of conducting affairs then with
that of to-daj', one is astounded at the con-
trast, and is a convincing argument that ad-
vanced civilization and refinement are expen-
sive luxuries. The population at the time re-
ferred to was about one eleventh as large as
it is to-day, and it would be natural to pre-
sume that the business of the county, and the
cost of conducting it, would increase in the
same ratio as the inhabitants. But such is
not the case in the matter of expenses, which
have grown enormously' and far beyond all rea-
sonable jiroportion. It is safe to say that the
present cost of maintaining any one of the
important county offices for one year would
have defrayed every county expense in that
day, including all courts, jurors, elections,
salaries of officers, stationery, etc., for five
years.
The following county judges have worn the
judicial ermine since the organization of the
county. In early times they were appointed
by the Legislature and were paid by fees:
Samuel Prevo, 1819 to 1823; Charles
Neely, 1823 to 1825; Jacob Harlan, 1825 to
"~-4a35; Uri Manly, 1835 to 1843; Stephen
Archer, 1843 to 1853; John Bartlett, 1853
to 1854, resigned; John Stockwell, 1854 to
1857; William C. Whitlock, 1857 to 1869;
William R. Griffith, 1869 to 1873; Justin Har-
lan, 1873 to 1877; William R. Griffith,* 1877
to 1882; Eth Sutton, 1882.
The commission of Samuel Prevo, first
Judge of Probate, is among the county files,
* It will be seen by the foregoing list that Judge
Griffith, as well as all the other olficers whose terms
of office expired in 1881, held until the general elec-
tion of 1882, as provided by legislative enactment.
and is the oldest document of the kind in the
county. It is dated February 12, 1821,
signed by Shadrach Bond, Governor, and Elias
K. Kane, Secretary of State, and the usual
formula, " To whom all these presents shall
come, greeting:" reads, "To all who shall see
these presents." The first instrument ever re-
corded in the county, however, was the stock-
mark of Charles Neely, bearing date May
26, 1819. The judge of the Circuit Court ap-
pointed its clerk,and the county commissioners
their clerk,though one person usually filled both
positions. And it was not uncommon for the
offices of probate judge, circuit and county
clerk, and justice of the peace, to be held by
one individual. Jacob Harlan officiated in
three of these capacities for years.
CLERK OF CIKCUIT AND COITSTT COMMISSION-
ERS' COURTS.
William B. Archer,* 1819 to 1832; Jacob
Harlan, 1823 to 1836; Jonathan N. Rathbone,
1836 to 1837; ■'Uri Manly, 1837 to 1842;
Newton Harlan, 1842 to 1848; William B.
Archer, 1848 to 1852; William P. Bennett,
1852 to 18G0; Thomas W. Cole, 1860 to 1872;
Daniel J. Davidson, 1872 to 1880; William
B. Hodge, Jr., 1880— elected for four years.
In 1836, the circuit and county clerkships
were separated, the latter being made elec-
tive. Jonathan N. Rathbone was chosen to
the office September 5, 1836, and served until
ISIarch, 1837, when he resigned, and Joshua
P. Cooper was appointed to fill the vacancy,
and served until September of same year,
when Darius Phillips was elected and held
the office until 1851, when he resigned.
Phillips was an able and competent officer;
was an old resident, and was county treas-
urer for one or more terms. By accident he
became crippled in his right hand, and ac-
* W. B. Archer resigned as clerk Commissioners
Court, March, 1820, and as circuit clerk, May, 1822,
and was succeeded in each position by Jacob Harlan.
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
257
quired the art of writing with his left, and
was an accomplished scribe. He was very
popular for a time, and possessed the unlim-
ited confidence of the entire people. But at
last he was suspected of being connected with
tiiat extensive and thoroughly organized horde
of murderers and thieves, which infested the
Mssissippi valley, and for a long time defied
the law, and was under the leadership of the
notorious Bob Birch, of Anderson township,
this county, whose capture, escape, and final
breaking up of the gang is so thrillingly
recounted by Edward Bonny, a renegade
member, as was generally believed. Phillips
was accused with being in constant commu-
nication with the gang in this county, and
forewarning them with needful information
concerning legal prosecutions, etc. So con-
firmed became this suspicion that, in 1851,
the regulators gave him an unmerciful whip-
ping, his shirt being cut into ribbons. Im-
mediately after the castigation, he climbed
upon a stump, and in a brief but affecting
speech to the regulators, resigned his office,
and in a short time left the country. Howard
Harlan, Sr., filled the vacanc}', by appoint-
ment, until the succeeding fall, when John
Stockwell was chosen, and served until De-
cember, 1853. Allen B. Briscoe was elected
in November of same year, and was re-elected
five consecutive terms, and was succeeded by
the present incumbent, Harrison Black, De-
cemiier 1. 1377, who was re-elected in 1885,
for the term of four years.
Clark, since her organization, has had
twenty-four sheriffs, as follows:
Isaac Parker, 1819 to 1S20; .lohn Welsh,
1820 to 1833; Joseph Morrison, 1833 to 1834;
James P. Jones, 1S34 to 1831; John Stock-
well, 1S31 to 1S3S; James Lockard, 1838 to
1843; William P. Bennett, 1843 to 1848;
Samuel McClure, 1848 to 1850; Thomas
Handy, 1850 to 1853; Samuel MoClure, 1853
to 1854; Horace E. Ritchie, 1854 to 1850;
Morrison Spenny, 1850 to 1858; John B. Bris-
coe, 1858 to 1860; Nicholas Hurst, 1860 to
1863; Andrew J. Smith, 1863 to 1864; Tim-
othy H. Connely, 1864 to 1866; Joseph A.
Howe, 1866 to 1868; Timothy H. Connely,
1868 to 1870; Samuel Lacy, 1870 to 1873;
Warren Bartlett, 1873 to 1876; William T.
Flood, 1876 to 1878; William H. Beadle,
1878 to 1880; Henry Sherman, 1880 to 1883;
Jacob N. Farr, 1883 — elected for four years.
War History. — Though lacking the halo
of warlike tradition and romance; though
destitute of historic personages and deeds of
arms, embalmed in story and in song; though
wanting memorable battle-fields, made sacred
by patriot blood; though not glorified with
heroic achievements in the " times that tried
men's souls;" though not a county during the
struggle of 1813; yet the military history of
Clark, though young and limited, is honor-
able, and one of which she may well be pioud;
one that reflects luster on her name, and credit
on her patriotism; a history, every page of
wiiich has proven her sons worthy descendants
of courageous ancestry. The sires and grand-
sires of our early settlers had fought with un-
wavering hearts through the darkest hours of
the Revol-ution; had crimsoned the snows with
bleeding feet on long and perilous marches;
starving and in rags, they had counted the
lonely da3'S through that terrible winter at
Valley Forge; they had lived on parched
corn, and burrowed with the " swamp fox "
in Carolinian- marshes, only sallying from
their fastnesses to strike a blow for freedom;
sustained and inspired through all their hard-
ships, through all their sufferings, with an un-
faltering and implicit faith in their ultimate
independence. Strong in their might, invin-
cible in their cause, the day of triumph at last
dawned, and beneath the" bending skies at
Yorktown, they beheld the lion of England
prostrate in the dust before the eagle of Amer-
ica. And from these heroes our pioneers in-
2)8
HISTOEY OF CLAEK COUNTY.
herited the same fierce love of liberty that
brooked no trammels which partook of op-
pression and injustice. They, too, knew what
war was. They bad threaded dangerous de-
files, with Harmer, bristling with unseen and
relentless foes; had stood in the gloom of
death under ill-fated St. Clair, when the
groans of the scalped and dying mingled with
the crack of the rifio and the yells of savage
victory. They had seen the blackened ruins
and charred remains of kindred at Fort Minns;
had fought with Harrison at Tippecanoe, and
with ringing shouts hurled back the purple
tide of Indian warfare, and avenged the sick-
ening butcheries of other days. They stood
at New Orleans, and before their deadly rifles
the flower of Britain's chivalry melted like
morning mist before the sunbeams.
The first attempt to establish a military
force in Clark, on a peace footing, was in
June, 1831, when the commissioners proceed-
ed to lay off the county into company districts
for the organization of the militia. Union
and Dubois townships were each a company
district, and Washington and Pike composed
one. County musters were required to be
held at county seat the first Saturday in
April, annually. Yearly battallion and regi-
mental drills were had in September. Fines
were imposed upon members for non-attend-
ance to these, ranging from fifty to seventy-
five cents. Officers were fined for neglectino-
to wear any and every article of uniform. At
all musters, shooting matches for beef and
other property, including whisky, were legal-
ized by State law. At these gatherings col-
lected the best marksmen, far and near, and
many were the close and exciting trials of
skill. Running, jumping, wrestling, pitching
horse-shoes, and other athletic sports, were
indulged in, while every crowbait in the coun-
ty, that could head off a steer, was paraded
as a race-horse. In fact these musters were
carnivals of eniovment on the frontier, durino-
which our early settlers abandoned themselves
to feasting, carousing and general jollity.
In Movember, 1804, by a treaty piade by
Gen. Harrison with the chiefs of the Sac and
Fox nations of Indians, all th'eir lands. Rock
river, and much more elsewhere, were ceded
to the government. This treaty was after-
ward ratified by portions of the tribes in 1815
and 181G. But there was one old turbulent
Sac chief who alwaj'S denied the validity of
these treaties, and by his wild and stirring
eloquence at times, though usually gloomy
and taciturn, incited the Indians to hostilities.
He was distinguished for his courage, and
for his clemency to prisoners. He was firmly
attached to the British; had been an aid to
the famous Tecumseh and cordially hated the
Americans. This chief was Mucata Muhic-
atah or Black Hawk. Under pretense that
the treaties before referred to were void.
Black Hawk, in the spring of 1831, with three
hundred warriors, invaded the State, drove off
the white settlers, destroyed their crops, killed
tlieir stock, and other violent depredations,
besides committing several murders. Bv the
promptness of the military he was quickly
checked, and compelled to sue for peace, and
ratified the original treaty of 1804. Not-
withstanding this treaty, Black Hawk, with
about six hundred warriors, again entered the
State in the spring of 1832, and committed
many acts of vandalism. Great alarm pre-
vailed, and Governor Reynold's issued his
call for two thousand troops which was
promptly answered. This was the first de-
mand upon the patriotism of our county.
Drafting was at first resorted to fill Clark's
quota, but as this entailed considerable hard-
ship and injustice, volunteers were called lor.
Two companies of about eighty men each
were quickly raised and mustered at Darwin,
and reported to and were accepted by the
governor. The officers of the first company
were William B. Archer, captain, Danie
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
259
Poorman, first lieiUeiiarit, and Roj'al A. Knott
second lieutenant. Upon arriving at tiie
rendezvous, Captain Archer was assigned to
the stafif of the commanding general with the
rank of colonel*, and Royal A. Knott was elect-
ed captain. The officers of the second com-
pany were John F. Richardson, captain;
Woodford Dulaney, first lieutenant, and Jus-
tin Harlan, second lieutenant. Both these
companies served with distinction until the
war was ended.
The next call upon Clark for the military
services of her sons, was in the war with
Mexico. One company of about seventy-five
men was raised and mustered at Marshall,
and officered as follows: ^yiIIiam B. Archer,
captain; Nicholas Hurst, first lieutenant, and
Charles Whitlock, second lieutenant. The
company left Marshall June 6, 1846, and was
transported to Alton in wagons; arrived there
and reported to the governor, and was by
him received as company number twenty-
seven, on the 9th following. The company
was discharged June 27, 184G, the State's
quota having been filled by previously accept-
ed troops. By an act of the Legislature, of
February 20, 1847, the sum of six hundred
dollars was appropriated by the State to de-
fray the expenses and pay for the services of
the company; and Justin Harlan, Timothy
R. Young and^Uri Manlej-, were appointed
a B lard of Commissioners for the disburse-
ment of the fund. Several members of the
coinpaii}', confident that it would not be re-
ceived, and anxious to serve their countr}-,
enlisted in other organizations, and served
through the entire war, participating in its
fiercest battles, one being killed at Buena
Vista. Among these were the Hon. .James
C Robinson, David Dolson, Austin Handy,
Daniel and Luther Groves, and James Ben-
nett.
The next occasion upon which Clark was
called upon to manifest her patriotism and de-
votion to the country, was the war of the re-
bellion 18G1-5. It is unnecessary to refer to
the causes which precipitated that stupen-
dous struggle, that most gigantic civil war that
marks the history of the world, for they are
familiar to all.
On the 4th of March, 1861, on the marble
in front of the national capitol, in the pres-
ence of thronging thousands that surged like
an ocean around their feet, stood two men,
Abraham Lincoln and James Buchanan, one
old and gray, and bowed by responsibilities
and years, gladly laying down the burden of
his power and august position over a great
people, for the quietude of a peaceful home;
the other, accepting the thorny glories of the
White House, and outward bound into the
wild turmoil of contending hosts and heroic
deeds. The strife of opinions and clash of
factions which had been waxing deeper and
stronger between the North and South con-
centrated after Lincoln's election, and the
heart of the Nation was almost rent in twain
before he took the inaugural oath. Already
had a Southern government been organized;
already had the Palmetto flag kissed the sky
at Montgomery. And when these two men
shook hands, it was a supreme moment por-
tentous with mighty events — the commence-
ment of an epoch grand and terrible in the
history of our country. And when Abraham
Lincoln solemnly swore to preserve intact
the Constitution and Union of his fathers,
peace veiled her face, and shuddering, fled
before the darkening pall and lowering gloom
of intestine war. No one realized the com-
ing terror, or thought how easy it was for a
war of passions to verge into a war of blood.
The idea of a rebellion that would rend our fair
country for long and cruel years, that would
fill the whole length and breadth of the land
with widows and orphans, was not recognized
as a possibility. The people hoped against
hope that tiie calamity of war would bo
260
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
averted, that milder counsels would prevail,
that some plans of pacification could be
united upon. But all iu vain, and when in
the twilight calm of a southern morning a
screaming shell burst over Sumter, its rever-
aberations echoed from sea to sea, and aroused
a mighty nation to arms. How little did the
actors in that opening scene dream of the
horrors that were to follow!
In response to the first call for troops, in
early May, 1S61, a company was at once
enlisted, with. Edwin Harlan as captain, and
Nineveh S. McKeen and A. G. Austin as first
iind second lieutenants. It was afterward
assigned to and becam<^ Company " H," 21st
Infantry, of which U. S. Grant was colonel,
and then began his illustrious military career.
The next were Company " G," 10th Infantry,
and Company " B," 2d Artillery. As the war
progressed old Clark, true to her ^ancestry,
sent company after company. She was rep-
resented by Companies " F," of the 30th; " G,"
of theSitii; "C,"of the 62d; « G," of the
70th; "I," of the 79th; " K," of the 130th, and
" G," of the 152d Regiments of Illinois In-
fantry. She had Company " K" in 1st Mis-
souri Cavalry; her sons fought in the 14th
Indiana. She was represented by detach-
ments in Illinois and other State regiments
other than above mentioned. Space pre-
cludes an extended mention of each, and
comparisons would be invidious. Suffice it
to say they fought and died as freemen, and
shed imperishable glory on the arms of the
State. Clark, throughout that long and des-
perately contested war, sent 1,.560 men to the
lioid, over one tenth her population at the
time, of which number it is safe to say, one
eighth never returned.
Old Clark was largely represented in the
War of the Rebellion, and her sons fought in
nearly every important battle in the south
and soutliwest. They were in that gallant
host that captured Forts Henry and Donel-
son. They stood in the murderous hail at
Crab Orchard and Stone River. They stormed
at Lookout midst iiissing shot and hurtling
shell, and planted the banner of their coun-
try amid the war and shock of battle upon his
dizzy crest. At Chickamauga they rallied
around that " Rock of the Union," General
Thomas, and aided in stemming the tide of
inglorious defeat. They charged at Fred-
ericktown and fouglit at Mission Ridge.
Their blood crimsoned the fated field of Shiloh,
and reddened the sod at Atlanta. They
were in the sieges of Vickfburg and Mobile,
at Corinth and the Wilderness. Before Nash-
ville, at Franklin and Five Forks. They
were in that wonderful masterpiece of modern
warfare, unequaled in its boldness of concep-
tion and execution in the histor}"- of the world,
in that army that swept to the sea, and thence
northward through the Carolinas and Virginia.
They wore out their lives in weary waiting
and hopeless captivity amidst the cruelty and
disease of loathsome prison pens, and their
ashes repose at Andersonville and Tyler.
The bones of her children rest in unmarked
graves along the lonely bayous of Texas and
Louisiana. In the dusky glades of the Wilder-
ness, in the sunny savannahs of Georgia, at
the foot of frowning Lookout. And their
bones reposing on the fields they helped to
win, and in the graves they fill, are a perpet-
ual pledge that no flag shall ever wave over
their silent dust but the flag they died to
maintain.
Herewith are appended the muster-rolls of
the two companies furnished by Clark County,
during the Black Hawk War, and also the
names of those who served, during the war
with Mexico. They are appended in the
belief that it is eminently appropriate that the
names and memories of these gallant men
should be perpetuated within the pages of
this work, and that it will be a matter of in-
terest to their descendants, for generations to
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTy.
2G3
come. The first company raised in the Black
Hawk War, %vas that of William B. Archer,
of wiiicli Tnentioii has herotoforo been made.
It was known as Gapt. Royal A. Knott's
company of the 1st Regiment of the 2nd
Brigade, Illinois Mounted Volunteers, called
into tiie service of the United States by the
Governor's proclamation of May 15, 1832, and
Inustered out August 15, 1832.
The following is the roster:
Daniel Poorman, 1st Lieut.
George W. Young, 2d Lieut, discharged
July 21^, 1832. Lost mare.
Sergeants. — Stephen Archer, John Fears,
James I.i0ckard, Oliver C. Lawell.
Corporals. — William T. McClure, James
Du-ilap, discharged July 31, 1832; Noah
B ijauchamp, discharged July 31, 1833; John
W. Thompson, lost mare,'saddle, bridle and
i)!anket.
Privates. — Jesse K. Archer, Daniel Boone,
lost horse, strayed away; Samuel Burk, lost
iiorse; William Bostick, George Berry, Thos.
F. Bennett, Theophilus Cooper, lost his horse;
Joel Cowen, Chalkley L. Cooper, lost mare;
Jeremiah Crip, lost mare; Martin L. Cheno-
iveth, Alexander H. DeHart, discharged July
!J!, 18:;2; Lorenzo D. D.-Hart, disch. July 21,
1S32; Alhanan Davis, Daniel Davis, Samuel
Dolsiin, furloughed, Aug. 9, 1832; Andrew
Fleming, discharged July, 21, 1832; Ahalis
Faiiin, horse worn out; Phineas Fears, lost
his blaid<et; Martin Grove, John B. Grant,
James E. Henderson, Hez. A. Henderson,
Sanford Johnson, Moses Kennedy, discharged
July 21, 1832; Marshall Lafferty, Artemas
I-athrop, William McCabe, John McCabe,
Jolm McGuire, Thomas Minor, Benj. Ogden,
sick and furloughed June 21; Nehemiah
Ogdcn, Absalom O. Peters, Samuel Poorman,
discharged July 21 ; Samuel Prevo, furloughad
August 7, 1832; Ira Prevo, Ebenezer Payne,
discharged July 2] ; Lyman B. Squires, Elon
Sharp, lost lilaiikct; Jatnes Shaw, Elijah Staf-
ford, discharged July 21; John Van Winkle
lost his blanket; John Waters, lost his horse;
Thomas Wailo, Thomas White, lost his horse.
This company of volutiteers assembled in
Darwin, Clark County, Illinois, May 31st,
1832, and then and there elected officers; and
from that place marched June 3, 1832, and
under the Governor's oruer rendezvoused at
Hennepin, on the Illinois river, June 11; next
day marched and arrived at Fort Wilbourn,
Lower Rapid, Illinois river, and the company
was mustered into the United States' service
June 19th, 1832.
August 15, 1832, (signed) Royal A. Knott,
Captain .
The next command was Captain John F.
Richardson's company, of Spy B.ittalion, 2d
Brigade Illinois Militia Mounted Volunteers,
called into service same as company forego-
ing; organized June 5, 1832, marched to Fort
Wilbourn and was mustered into the service
of the United States June 19, 1832, and mus-
tered out at Dixon's Ferry, Rock River, Illi-
nois, August 15, 1832.
The following is the roster:
Woodford Dunlaney, 1st Lieut, furloughed
August 4, 1832; Justin Harlan, 2d Lieut, fur-
loughed August 4, 1832.
Sergeants. — Jacob Dolson, John Wilson,
lost horse, saddle and bridle ; Asher V. Bur-
well, lost saddle and spancels; R )bert David-
son, horse gave out, left at Ft. Winnebago.
Coqiorals.— Christian Jeffers, Nathan Hal-
lenbeck, Richard Ross, George Wilson.
Privates. — Zeno A. Ashmore, Samuel M.
Biggs, furnished Martin I.,. Ashmore, as suiist. ;
Franklin Cooper, lost horse and saddle;
Daniel Davidson, Aspano Elliot, Andrew
Hadden, supposed to have been discharged;
Samuel Hadden, supposed to have been dis-
charged; .Joseph Hf)gue, sup]iosed to have
been discharged; George Johnson, supposed
to have been discharged; John Kerr, sup-
posed to have been discharged; Conrad F.
264
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
Locker, lost his horse; Joseph W. Markle,
Stephen Nott, Nineveh Shaw, appointeil ad-
jutant; Cyrus Sharp, Martin Thomas, Robert
Taylor, deserted June 20; James Williams,
Gideon B. White, Samuel White, lost his gun
and blankets; Luther White, Robert White,
Tarleton Wheeler, lost his horse; Alexander
Yocum, Abel Laugham, supposed to be dis-
charged.
Mexican War. — As has been elsewhere re-
marked, Clark had no distinct organization
in the war with Mexico. After the rejection,
bv the governor, of the company from this
county, several of its members enlisted in
other organizations, and served through the
war. The following list is reasonably accu-
rate, though others may have served whose
names are not embraced within it.
In company " K," Capt. Lyman Mowers,
of the First Regiment Illinois Foot Volun-
teers, commanded by Colonel John J. Hardin,
were the follovvlnir privates: David Dolson,
Isaac English, Stephen Elam, Lyman Guin-
nip, Jonathan Groves, Luther Groves, Aus-
tin Handy, Cyrus Lathrop and W. H. Robin-
son. They were enrolled June 18, 1846, at
Alton, and were discharged June 17, 1847, at
Camargo, Mexico. In company " D," Captain
W. W. Bishop, of the Third Regiment, Illi-
nois Volunteers, Col. Ferris Fornian, were
Sergeant Burns Harlan, left wounded in
hospital at Vera Cruz, May 7, 1847, and
Corporal James C. Robinson. Their company
participated in the siege of Vera Cruz, and
at the battle of Cerro Gordo, and was dis-
charged at New Orleans, May 21, 1847. In
company " H," Captain John S. McConkey,
of the Fourth Regiment, under Col. E. D.
Baker, was Robert JI. Eaton, discharged Oc-
tober 13, 1846, in Mexico, on surgeon's cer-
tificate of disability.
CHAPTEE Y.
EDUCATIONAL— FIRST STEPS TOWARD KNOWLEDGE— SCHOOL LANDS AND THE FUND
DERIVED FROM THEM— THE DUNCAN SCHOOL LAW— TAXES FOR EDUCATION-
AL PURPOSES— CHANGES OF THE SCHOOL LAWS— FIRST SCHOOLS
OF THE COUNTY— EARLY TEMPLES OF LEARNING AND
PIONEER TEACHERS— ACADEMIES AND COL-
LEGES—STATISTICS, ETC., ETC.
" 'Tis education forms the common mintl:
Just as the twig is bent the tree's inclined."
A S early as 1G47, the question of educating
-TL the masses throuu^h the medium of cotn-
mon schools was agitated in New England. In
that year, an act was passed, to enaljle " every
child rich and poor alike, to learn to read
its own language." This was followed by
another act, giving to every town or district,
h M in_' tiftv houseliolders, the right to have a
cominoii school, and to every town or district
having one hundred families, a grammar
school taught by teachers competent to pre-
pare youths for college. An eminent writer,
in after years, commenting upon this act,
stales it to be the " first iiistance in Christen-
dom where a civil government took measures
to confer upon its youth the blessings of edu-
(• ition." " And never before," he adds, " was
embodied in practice, a principle so compre-
hensive in its nature, and so fruitful in good
results, as that of training a nation of intelli-
g.^nt people, by educating all of its youth."
When our forefathers, nearly a century and
a half later, declared in the ordinance of ITSi',
that "knowledge, with religion and morality
was necessary to the good government and
happiness of mankind," they struck the ke^'-
note of American liberty.
The educational history of the county,
should intereso every reader of this work,
more perhaps than any other subject men-
tioned and treated in the genera! history of
Clark. When the survey of the Northwest
territory was ordered by Congress, it was de-
creed that every sixteenth section of land
should be reserved for the maintenance of
public schools within each township. The fa-
mous ordinance of July 13, 1787, proclaimed
that "schools and the means of education,
should forever be encouraged." B .■ the act
of Congress of April IS, 1818, enabling the
people of Illinois to form a Sta e Constitution,
the "section numbered si.xteen in every town-
ship, and when such section has been sold, or
otherwise disposed of, other lands equivalent
thereto, and as contiguous as may be, should
be granted to the State, for the use of the in-
habitants of such township for the support of
schools. The act further recites, " That five
per cent of the net proceeds of the lands ly-
ing within said State, and which shall be sold
by Congress from and after the first day of
January, 1819, after deducting all expenses
incident to the same, shall be reserved for
the purposes following: two fifths to be dis-
bursed under the direction of Congress, in
making roads leading to the State; the resi-
due to be appropriated bj' the Legislature of
the State for the encouragement of learning,
of which one si.\th part shall be exclusively
bestowed on a college or university." In
other words. Congress donated to the State a
full township, six miles square, for seminary
203
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
purposes, and the thirty-sixth part of all the
residue of public lands in the State, and thrie
per cent of the net proceeds of the sales ot
the remainder, to support common schools, and
promote education in the then infant State.
Truly a most magnificent and princely dona-
tion and provision for education. The six-
teenth section, so donated, amounted in the
State to nearly a million acres; in Clark Coun-
ty, to about nine thousand acres.
Laws were first made directing county com-
missioners courts to appoint three trustees for
the school land in each township, where the
inhabitants of such townships numbered
twenty white persons. The first school trust-
ees in Clark County, were appointed Decem-
ber 2, 1819, and were Samuel Prevo, William
Lockard and William B. Archer, for Union,
or what is now York township; Charles Neely,
Zaccheus Hassel and John McClure for Du-
bois, now Darwin township; Thomas Black,
Richard Armstrong and Samuel Peery for
Washington, now Wabash township; Jona-
than Mayo, Lewis Murphy and John Stratton
for a township then in this county, and lying
about seven miles north of the jjresent town
of Paris. The commissioners also appointed
three trustees for the school section lying two
miles east of the city of Danville then in this
county. These trustees had power to lease
the school lands at public outcry, after twen-
ty days notice, to the highest bidder, for any
period not exceeding ten years, the rents to be
paid in improvements, or in shares of the
products raised. The laws were crude, and
fell far short of their intended object. The
school lands under the lessee or rental arrange-
ment, yielded little or no revenue; many of
the renters having no title to, nor common in-
terest in the land, only opened and cultivated
enough for a bare support, and of course pro-
duced nothing to divide. Then squatters took
possession of a considerable portion, and
wasted the timber, and in many ways depre-
ciated the value of the lands. As a result, the
cause of education languished, and was at a
stand-still for years. Tiiere were a great
many influences and obstacles in the way of a
general diffusion of knowledge. The settle-
ments were sparse, and money or other means
of remunerating teachers were scarce. And
teachers competent to impart even the com-
mon rudiments of an English education were
few and school books were fewer.
This state of affairs continued until 1835,
when Joseph Duncan, then a member of he
State senate, and afterwards joint owner with
W. B. Archer, of the lands on which Mar-
shall is situated, introduced a bill for the sup-
port of common schools by a public tax. The
preamble to the act, appended, was as
follows: "To enjo}' our righs and liberties,
we must understand them; their security and
protection ought to be the first object of a
free people; and it is a well-established fact,
that no nation has ever continued long in the
enjoyment of civil and political freedom,
which was not both virtuous and enl'ghtened;
and believing that the advancement of litera-
ture always has been, and ever will be the
means of developing more fully the rights of
man: that the mind of every citizen in a re-
public is the common property of society;
and constitutes the basis of its strength and
happiness; it is therefore considered the pe-
culiar duty of a free government, like ours, to
encourage and extend the improvement and
cultivation of the intellectual energies of the
whole."
. This admirable law gave education a power-
ful impetus, and common schools flourished
in almost every settlement. But the liw
was in advance of the civilization of the times.
The early settlers had left the older States,
and plunged into the wilderness, braving
countless dangers and privations, in order to
better their individual fortunes, and to escape
the burdens of taxation, which advanced re-
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
207
fineiiient and culture in any people, invariably
impose. Hence the law was the subject of
much bitter opposition. The very idea of a tax
was so hateful, that even the poorest preferred
to pay all that was necessary for the tuition of
their children, or keep them in ignorance, as
was generally the case, rather than submit to
the mere name of tax. This law, is the foun-
dation upon which rests the supersti-ucture of
the common school sj-stem of to-day. In
fact, our present educational laws contain
nearly all its salient and distinctive features.
The law provided for the division of town-
ships into school districts, in each of which
were elected three trustees, corresponding to
directors of the present day, one clerk, one
treasurer, one assessor and one collector.
The trustees of each district, had supreme
control and management of the school within
the same, and the employment of teachers and
fixing their remuneration. They were re-
quired to make an annual report to the county
commissioners court of the number of chil-
dren living within the bounds of such district,
between the ages of five and twenty-one
j'ears, and what number of them were act-
ually sent to school, with a certificate of the
time a school was kept up, with the expenses
of tlie same. Persons over the age of twenty-
one years, V'^re permitted to attend school
upon the order of the trustees. And it was no
uncommon thing for men beyond the meridian
of life, to be seen at school with their chil-
dren. The law required teachers at the close
of their schools, to prepare schedules, giving
alphabetically, the names of attemling pupils,
with their ages, the total number of days
each pupil attended, the aggregate number
of days attended, the average daily attend-
ance, and the standing of each scholar. This
schedule was submitted to the trustees for
their approval, as no teacher was paid any
remuneration, except on presentation to the
treasurer of his schedule, signed by a ma-
jority of the trustees. The law further pro-
vided that all common schools should be main-
tained and supported by a direct public tax.
School taxes were Dayable either in money
or in produce, and teachers would take tiie
produce at market price, or if there was no
current value, the price was fixed by arbitra-
tion. Peltries were received in full payment
of school taxes. It is related that the salary
of a teacher named Malcom, for a ten weeks
school, was once paid wholly in coon skins.
And that the pedagogue carried them on his
back to Vincennes, a distance of over thirty
miles, and there disposed of them.
When this wise and wholesome law was
repealed by the Legislature, General Duncan
wrote, as if gifted with prophecy, "That com-
ing generations would see the wisdom of his
law, and would engraft its principles on their
statute books; that changes in the condition
of society, might render diiFerent applications
of the same necessary, but that the principle
was eternal and the essence of free and
enlightened governments." " And," he ad-
ded, " legislators who voted against the
measure, will yet live to see the day, when
all the children of the State will be educated
through the medium of common schools, sup-
ported and maintained by a direct tax upon
the people, the burden falling upon the rich
and poor in proportion to their worldly pos-
sessions." These predictions are yellow with
the years of a half century and over, and
have been faithfully fulfilled and verified.
The Duncan School Law, as it was called,
remained in force only a little over two years,
when it was repealed. It was, substantially,
that the legal voters of any school district,
had power, at anj' of their meetings, to cause
either the whole or one half of the sum
necessary to maintain and conduct a school
in said district, to be raised by taxation. And
if the voters decided that only one half of
such required amount was to be so raised, the
23S
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
remainder was to be pa'd by the parents,
masters and guardians, in proportion to the
number of pupils which each of them might
send to such school. No person, however,
could be taxed for the support of any free
school, unless by his or her consent first ob-
tained in writing. Though all persons re-
fusing to be taxed, were precluded from
sending pupils to such school. In almost
everv district there were those who had no
children to educate, and then there was an
uncivilized element of frontier life, who be-
lieved education was a useless and unnec-
essary accomplishment, and only needful to
divines and lawyers. That bone and muscle,
and the ability to labor, were the only re-
quirements necessary to fit their daughters
and sons for the practical duties of life. A
proverb then current, was: " The more book
learning, the more rascals." To quote a
locahsm of the day: "Gals didn't need to
know nothin' about books, and all that boys
orter know, was how to grub, maul rails and
hunt." That senseless prejudice, born of
the civilization of the time, has descended in
a slight degree to the present, and yet tinges
the complexion of society in some localities
in our county.
The law required the trustees, when they
deemed it expedient, to divide the township
into school districts, so that each district
should not contain a less number than
eighteen scolars; and that the funds arising
from the rents of school-lands, should be paid
over to the several districts, in proportion to
the number of attending scholars, to be ap-
plied toward employing a school teacher, etc.
At this time, 18:37-8, there were only three
or four schools in the county. This law was
repealed January 22, 1829, and a law enacted
the same date, provided that the sixteenth
section, given by the government to each
township, might be sold upon petition of nine
tenths of the freeholders of the township,
to the trustees of school lands, the proceeds
to be loaned on real estate and personal
security, and the interest to be applied
toward the payment of teachers. The lands
not to be sold for less than government price,
one dollar and twenty- five cents per acre.
This law was repealed in turn, by an act of
the Legislature of February 15, 1831, which
provided th:it three fourths of the white male
inhabitants of anj' township could petition
for the sale of their school section, the pro-
ceeds to be loaned at the highest obtainable
rate of interest. The law furthur provided,
that any five citizens, of any school district,
could borrow any sum not exceeding two
hundred dollars, for a period not exceeding
ten years, for the purpose of erecting a school-
bouse.
Not one of all these laws embodied, nor
did they for many years after, embody, a
standard of qualifications for teachers. All
that was necessary, was for the instructor to
satisfy the people and trustees hiring them.
As a consequence, many of the early schools
were of a poor description. The teachers, as
a rule, were illiterate, their acquirements con-
sisting of a smattering knowledge of the
trinal branches of early day teaching, namely:
reading, writing and ciphering, which were
then considered to comprise all needful learn-
ino-. Geography, history and grammar, were
never taught, the latter being considered as
especially useless and superfluous. Once at
at a debate, where the question, " whether
or not grammar was necessary to learning,"
was discussed, a pioneer teacher paralyzed
his opponents, and demolished their argu-
ment, by declaring that " grammar was
like the top-knot of a jay bird — more for
ornament than for use." "For," he con-
tinued, " what difference does it make
whether a fellow says onions or ingens,' so ho
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
2(i1
can finger, and tell what five and a half
bushels come to at twenty-three and three
fourths cents a bushel."
A portion of the school fund received from
the State, known as the " State Interest
Fund," and which has been paid regularly
for over half a century for the support of
common schools, occurred substantially in this
way: In 1828 the practice of selling the
school lands was first inaugurated. The sys-
tem was continued under various laws, to
follow which, through all their ramifications,
would necessitate tedious prolixity, and be of
no interest to the reader. The proceeds of
such sales, together with the 3 per cent of
the net proceeds of the sale of public lands,
were paid into the State treasury, and were
disbursed by legislative authority, as other
moneys. But the State only borrowed these
funds, and agreed to pay interest on them.
Under the law trustees of school lands were
authorized to invest the funds resulting from
their sale in auditor's warrants, and State
p;ipor, as the notes of the State bank were
then called, at any discount they were able to
procure. These vouchers were received by
the State at face value, and interest was paid
on them at the rate of 3 per cent per annum
to February 15, 1831, when ttie interest was
added to the principal, the State paying G
per cent interest on the aggregate, and so
on, adding the yearly interest to the princi-
pal, until December 31, 1833, when the total
amount became the jirincipal, to which has
been added ail amounts since received, and
on the total the State pays an annual interest,
which is distributed yearly among the coun-
ties, the share of each being proportioned to
its school population.
The first educational effort attempted in the
county was a school taught by Peleg Spencer,
west of York on Union Prairie, about the
year 1820. He afterward removed to Law-
rence County, and is described as having been
a successful teacher for the period, but very
harsh and severe; a grim tyrant in his little
literary realm, over which he ruled with des-
potic sway. He was a conscientious man,
it is said, and ever bore in mind the golden
maxim. "Spare the rod, and spoil the child."
And from his freedom with the hazel and
hickory it is safe to say his pupils were not
spoiled. The next school was on Walnut
Prairie, in a log building, where the brick
school-house, near Shaw's Ferry, on the Wa-
bash, now stands. It was taught by Robert
Taylor, a pioneer and highly respected citizen
of Clark, and who died in 1869. Mr. Taylor
was eminently successful, as an educator;
was a marked exception and far superior to
the teachers of his da\' and age. There are
estimable citizens now living in the county
who remember him as their best benefactor.
These were the pioneer schools of Clark
County, no others being established until
about the year ] 825, under the Duncan law,
when three or four were put into operation:
one in Washington, now Wabash Township,
and was taught by a man named Johnson;
one near the present^ town of Westfield, and
one near Charleston, which was then included
in this county. After the repeal of the Dun-
can law, education, for over a generation, was
in anything but a flourishing condition,
either in the county or State. Like the stag-
nant waters of a southern lagoon, it was dif-
ficult to tell whether the current flowed back-
ward or forward. For nearly forty years the
school-houses, school books, school teachers
and the manner of instruction, were of the
most primitive character throughout a large
portion of the county.
The early school-houses, as a general thing,
were of the poorest and rudest kind, and are
fully described in other chapters of this work.
A few of these humble school-houses — time-
worn relics of the early days — are yet stand-
ing, eloquent of an age forever past. The
270
HISTOEY Of CLARK COUNTY.
writer recalls one, rotten and shaky to the
last degree, and serving as a receptacle for a
farmer's corn-fodder. The huge, open-throated
chimney has fallen down; the broad clap-
boards of the roof, held on by crumbling and
worm-eaten weight poles, are deeply covered
with moss and mold; the rude door is gone
and the puncheon floor has disappeared. The
The genius of learning has long since flown
to finer quarters, and over the whole edifice
hangs a' gloom — a mist of decay.
The old-time pedagogue was a marked and
distinctive character of our early history —
one of the vital forces of our earlier growth.
He considered the matter of imparting the
limited knowledge he possessed, a mere ques-
tion of effort, in which the physicial element
predominated. If he couldn't talk or read it
into a pupil, he took a stick and mauled it
into him. This method, though somewhat
distasteful to the urchin, always had a charm-
ing result, — a few blubbers, red eyes and a
good lesson. The schoolmaster, usually, by
common consent was a personage of distinc-
tion and importance. He was of higher au-
thority, even in the law, than the justice of
the peace, and ranked him in social position.
He was considered the intellectual center,of
the neighborhood, and was consulted upon all
subjects, public and private. Generally, he
was a Hard-shell Baptist in religion, a Demo-
crat in politics, and worshipped General Jack-
son as his political patron saint. But the old-
time pedagogue — the pioneer of American
letters — is a thing of the past, and we shall
never see his like again. He is ever in the
van of advancing civilization, and fled before
the whistle of the locomotive, or the click of
the telegraph were heard. He can not live
within the pale of progress. His race became
extinct here over a quarter of a century ago,
when our common school system began to
take firm hold, and became a fixed institution
among our people. Our older citizens re-
member him, l)ut to the young of to-day, he
is a myth, and only lives in story and tradi-
tion.
The Legislature, in 18.37, again revised the
school law, making several important changes,
repealing many objectionable features of for-
mer enactments, and adding several wise and
liberal amendments. Under this act, any
township might become incorporated by a
two thirds vote of the inhabitants. Three
trustees were elected, whose duty it was to
divide the township into school districts.
Teachers were to be paid wholly, or as far as
the same might extend, out of the interest
arising from the proceeds of the sales of school
lands, then or thereafter made. Any excess
remaining, was to be added to the principal
of the township fund, at the option of the
trustees, and any existing deficiency to be
raised cither by taxation or subscription, as
the voters might determine. No teacher was
to be paid, except on presentation to the town-
ship treasurer, of a certificate of qualification
to teach. A section of this act, and which is
embodied in the school law of the present
day, created what is [cnown as the Surplus
Revenue fund, and from it is derived a por-
tion of the State Interest fund.
The first step toward establishing a higher
or more advanced institution of learning in
the county, than the common district school
was in 1839, when a bill was passed incorpo-
rating the " Marshall Academy," with Wil-
liam B. Archer, James Whitlock, William U.
Griffith, Channing Madison, Justin Harlan,
Nineveh Shaw, William McKeen, Woodford
Dulaney, Stephen Archer, James Plaster, John
Bartlett, Jcmathau K. Greenough, William
Tutt, Nathan TelTt, Thomas T. Wethers and
Joshua P. Cooper as trustees. Stephen Arch-
er is the only survivor of the original board.
The act provided, that if at any time, the
trustees desired to change the character of the
institution, from an academy to a college, they
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
271
should mi'inorialize the Legislatvire to that ef-
fect, when a liberal charter woulilbe granted,
with all the necessary powers to carry the
same into effect, and that the name and style
should he the " .Marshall College, of the East-
ern Division of Illinois." The first academic
building stood where the present brick high
school of Marshall is situated; it was a long
one-story frame structure, and was afterward
removed to the present premises of M. R.
Chenoweth. The academy was placed in
charge of the late Rev. Dean Andrews, and
many are the living representatives through-
out the county, who received instruction in
that humble building and from that able pre-
ceptor. The main portion of the present
brick building was afterward erected, and
about 18.5G, the building and grounds were
sold to the Methodist denomination, which
conducted the school for many years. In
187^, the people of school district, num >er
five, Marshall township, became the purchas-
ers of the building and converted it into a
graded c muion school, and by additions to
it, and improvements to the grounds, have ren-
dered them commodious and sightly.
In 1839, also, a law was passed, incorporat-
ing the "Marshall Female Academy," with
James McGabe, Isaac Hill, Thomas Hender-
son, Thomas Carey, Justin Harlan, John Bart-
lett, Stephen Archer, Woodford Dulaney and
"William B. Archer as trustees. This institu-
tion was never carried into successful oper-
ation.
Matters pertaining to education and com-
mon schools, remained substantially un-
changed until 184-3, when a law was passed
making the secretary of State ex-officio State
superintendent of common schools, and autho-
rizing a school tax to be levied in each dis-
trict, sul)ject to the decision of the voters.
The secretary reported to the Legislature in
1847, that the common schools throughout the
State, with the exception of a few localities,
were in a deplorable condition, especially iu
the southern portion.
After the adoption of the constitution of
1848, the school law was again revised in all
its details. From the passage of this act,
dates the office of school commissioner, who
was made ex-officio county superintendent.
School lands could be sold when two thirds
of the white male inhabitants thereof, over
twenty-one years of age, should petition the
school commissioner. Each congressional
township, was established as a township for
school purposes; the law provided for the
election of three trustees in each township,
who had supreme control of the schools. The
trustees divided the township into school dis-
tricts, and three directors were elected in
each, the employment of teachers, building
and repairing school houses, and many other
duties. Taxes could be levied by a majority
of the voters of each district, but the levy
was limited to twenty-five cents on the hund-
red dollars valuation of property. The law
required that all teachers be qualified to teach
orthography, reading in English, penman-
ship, arithmetic, English grammar, modern
geography and the history of the United
States. Each teacher was required to exhibit
a certificate of the school commissioner certi-
fying to his qualifications. This revision is es-
sentially the foundation on which our present
superstructure rests.
The Constitution 1818, is silent upon the
subject of educating the masses through the
medium of common schools. The framers of
the Constitution of 1848, went a little further,
and said, in a subjunctive way, that the gen-
eral assembly might provide a system of free
schools. But it was not until after half a
century of existence as a State, that, our dele-
gates in convention assembled, engrafted
upon the pages of our organic law, a manila-
tory section, declaring that " the general as-
sembly shall provide a thorough and efficient
272
HISTORY OF CLAEK COUNTY.
system of free schools, whereby all children
of this State may receive a good common
school education."
The foilowinCT exhibit of the condition of
the common school system in the county, for
the year ending .Tune 30, 1882, is not unin-
teresting to the friends of education. There
are at present, in the county, on hundred and
two school districts, and one hundred and
four school buildings. There were em-
ployed, during the year, one hundred and
seventy-seven teachers, who imparted instruc-
tion to six thousand and thirty-eight pupils.
Of the one hundred and four schools taught
in the county, six are graded, and two of the
six are high schools proper, one each at Mar-
shall and Martinsville. A graded school is
where there are more than -one teacher, and
where the school is divided into departments)
usually with a reference to the age and
advancement of the pupils, and known as the
primarj', intermediate and advanced grades.
The county in addition to her excellent and
flourishing common school system, and her
high and graded schools, has one college,
conducted by an able faculty, and with a
reputation inferior to none; it is under the
direction and management of the United
Brethren denomination, and is located at
Westfield. All these will, be fully written
up in the respective townships in which they
are situated. The educational history of each
township will also be given, from the small
and humble beginnings, through their various
changes and improvements to the almost per-
fect state of the | resent.
The total school expenditures, in each
township, for all purposes, including wages
of teachers, repairs, iuel, erecting school
buildings, etc., are as follows:
Anderson, $1,397.92; Casey, $14,794.93;
Darwin, $1,497.65; Dolson, $3,9U8.53; Doug-
las, $619.05; Johnson, $1,150.18; Marshall,
$6,721.84; Martinsville, $4,439.19; Melrose,
$1,955.32 ; Orange, $1,417.91 ; Parker,
$1,325.88; Wabash, $4,336.51; Westfield,
$8,018.87; York, $3, 459.65. -Total, $54,143-
.43.
In the townships of Westfield and Casey
new school-houses were built, which will ex-
plain increased expenditures over those of
the other townships. The above expenditures
were for the year ending June 30, 1882.
About one hundred and eighty unexpired
teachers' certificates are outstanding, of wiiich
about twenty are first grade, the remainder
second grade. The county received from the
State school fund, for the year, the sura of
$7,437.13; from the State interest fund,
$423.45; from fines and interest on loans, the
sum of $189.42, making in all $8,050.00,
which was distributed by the county superin-
tendent to the treasurers of the different
townships in the county.
|^,-^/|
'^■1^
^
CHAPTER VI.
INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS— THE OLD NATIONAL ROAD— HOW IT WAS BUILT— RAIL-
ROADS—THEIR APPEARANCE IN CLARK— BUILDING OF THE VANDALIA ROAD
—WABASH AND OTHER RAILROAD PROJECTS— CONCLUSION, ETC., ETC.
"When the iron steed shall know why man restrains
His fiery course, or drives him o'er the plain," etc.
--, n^HE old National Road and its construc-
-L tion created as much interest in its day,
not only in this county, but in all the country
through which it passed, as any internal im-
provement ever inaugurated in the State of
Illinois, perhaps. Jt was originally called the
Cumberland Road, after the old stage road
from Washington, D. C, to Cumberland, Mil.,
a great highway in its time, and forming the
eastern division and terminus. This road was
a national work. It had been provided for
in tiie reservation of live per cent of the sale
of public lands in Illinois and other States,
and biennial appropriations were its depend-
ence for a continuance to completion. ^^ hen
Congress made any appropriation for this
road, it required that "said sums of money
shall be replaced out of any funds reserved
for laying out and making roads, under the
direction of Congress, by the several acts
passed for the admission of the States of Ohio,
Indiana, Illinois and Missouri into the Union,
on an equal footing with the original States."
Tiie work was commenced on the road in
this county in lS27-'28, by the cutting out
of the timber on the line, and was pushed to
practical completion as far west as nearly to
the east line of Fayette County. Then with
scattering work at the streams as far west as
Vandalia, such as a levee across the Okaw
bottom, and several bridges at that place,
had exhausted the appropriations of Congress^
and the people of Illinois, becoming crazed
over the foolish State policy, were divided in
sentiment to the extent (some wanted it to go
to St. Louis and others to Alton) that no fur-
ther appropriations were procured, and the
great work was stopped. To this portion of
the country it was a most important public
work. It gave the people access to the out-
side world, where, before, they had been pent
up by almost impossible obstacles. People
could go to Terre Haute, and even to St.
Louis, and thus reach markets and sell the
little portable stuff they had, and buy such
tilings as their necessities demanded and haul
them home. But the growth of county im-
provements was slow indeed. The county,
like the people generally, was poor, and while
they made commendable efforts, yet often the
money was wasted through being expended
by inexperienced or ignorant men.
In after years, it may be of interest to
some, to know which of the public highways
passing through Clark County, was once
known as the old National Road, and just
where it was located. It is the road passing
east and west through Marshall, on the north
side of the public square, and known as Cum-
berland or Main street within the corporate
limits, taking its name from the original title
of the road. It was a great thoroughfare be-
fore the era of railroads, and was intended to
cross the continent, even as railroads now
cross it. But railroads were invented a little
too soon for its entire completion, and its im-
.274
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
portance in this age of steam, is no greater
than any ordinary county or State road.
A branch diverged from the main line at
Zanesville, Ohio, and crossed the Oiiio River
at Maysville, Ky., passim,'- through Lexington,
thence to Nashville, Tenn., and on to New
Orleans. Thus the country was to he spanned
from east to west and to the extreme south.
Itailroads. — As we have stated in a pre-
ceding chapter, all of Clark's early railroad
projects resulted in failure, and she was
doomed to sit idly by and see many of her
sister counties, younger in years than herself,
prospering through means of railroad commu-
nication, of which she, herself, was wholly
deprived. This was the case until a compar-
ative late day in railroad building and rail-
road enterprise.
Hon. W. S. Wait, an old and prominent
citizen of Bond County, in a letter to B.
Gratz Brown, .June, 18G3, makes the best in-
troduction to the history of the rise and pro-
gress of the St. Louis, Vandalia & Torre
Haute Railroad — the first road built through
Clark County. Mr. Wait says: " The rail-
road projected so early as 1835, to run from
St. Louis to Terre Haute, was intended as a
direct line of railway to the Atlantic cities,
and its first survey was taken over the exact
line of the great Cumberland road. We ap-
plied to the Illinois Legislature for a charter
in ISiG, but were opposed by rival interests,
that finally succeeded in establishing two
lines of raiload connecting St. Louis with
the Waiiash — one by a line running north,
and the other by a line running south of our
survev, thus demonstrating by the unfailing
test of physical geography that our line is the
central and true one; the two lines alluded fo
are the Terre Haute & Alton and Ohio &
Mississippi. We organized our company
■with the name of the Mississippi & Atlantic
Company in 1850, by virtue of a general rail-
road law passed the year previous, and im-
mediately accomplished a survey. An ad-
verse decision of our Supreme Court led us
to accept the oiler of eastern capitalists to
help us through, who immediately took nine-
tenths of our stock, and gave us .John
Brough for president. Our riyht to contract
was finally confirmed, in Fe iruary, lS5i, the
road put under contract and the work com-
menced. The shock given to all railroad
enterprises by the 'Schuyler fraud' suspend-
ed operations, and before confidence was
restored, the controlling power, which was
enthroned in Wall street, had arrived at the
conclusion, as afterward discovered, to pro-
ceed no further in the construction of the
Mississippi & Atlantic Railroad. For purposes
best understood by themselves, the eastern
manager amused us for several years with the
hope that they were still determined to pros-
ecute the work. When we were finally ctm-
vinced of the intentional deception, we aban-
doned the old charter and instituted a new
company, under the name of the Highland &
St. Louis Railroad Company, with power to
build and complete by sections the entire road
from St. Louis to Terre Haute. The charter
was obtained in February, 1859, with the
determination on the part of the Highland
corporators to make no delay in constructing
the section connecting them with St. Louis,
but were prevented at the outset by difficul-
ties since overcome, and afterward by the
existing rebellion."
This public letter portraj^s some of the
chief difficulties with which the friends of this
road had to contend. "State policy," the
stupidest folly rational men ever engaged in,
was openly urged by many of the leading
men north and south of the "Brough road,"
as it was generally called. Hon. Sidney
Breese, a long resident of Carlisle, on the line
of the Ohio & Mississippi Railroad, publicly
declared for that doctrine, " that it was to the
interest of the State to encourage that policy
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
275
that would build the most roads throu<rh the
State; that the north aii'isoutli roads (alhidod
to in Wail's letter) shouhl first be allowed to
get iiuo successful operation, when the Cen-
tral line should then bo chartered, as the
merits of that line would insure the building
of the road on that line at once, giving to
middle Illinois three roads instead of one, as
the chartering of the Central line first would
be a death-blow to the other two, at least for
manv years to come." Mr. Wait replied im-
mediately, saying it was the first instance he
had ever known where the merits of a rail-
road had been urged as a reason why it
should not meet with merited encouragement,
and after more than §100,000 had been ex-
pended on the " Brough road." Further
work was therefore suspended.
Clark had taken an active interest in the
road. At the November election, 1854, a
proposition for the county to subscribe S75,-
000 to the capital stock of the company, was
submitted to the people and carried by five
hundred majority.
In February, 1865, the rebellion nearing its
close, the people along the "Central Line,"
or " Brough " survey, again renewed their
petition to the Illinois Legislature for negotia-
tion of their right to build tlieir railroad on
their own long-cherisliod route.
Mr. Williamson Plant, of Greenville, who
has been secretary of the road from its incep-
tion, and is still in this position, furnishes the
following facts of the history of the road:
On the 10th of February, 1865, a liberal
charter was granted for building the present
St. Louis, Vandalia & Terre Haute Railroad.
The line was designated in the charter as
"commencing on the left bank of the Missis-
sippi, opposite St. Louis, running thence east-
ward through Greenville, the county seat of
Bond County, and through A'^andalia by the
most eligible route, to a point on the River
Wabash."' The persons named as incorpo-
rators were Henry Wing, S. W. Little, John
S. Dewey, Andrew Mills, Solomon Kepfli,
Garrett Crownover, Curtis Blakeman, Wm. S.
Smith, Cliarles Hoile, Wm. S. Wa't, John B.
Hunter, Williamson Plant, Andrew G. Henry,
J. F. Alexander, Nathaniel M. MeCurdy,
August H. Deickman, Ebcneze Capps, Fred-
erick Remann, Mathias Fehren, Michael
Lynch, Thos. L. Vest, J. F. AVaschefort, Sam'l
W. Quinn, Chauncey Rose and J. H. Morgan.
The counties along the line took an active
interest, generally, in the roaJ, and Clark was
not behind her sister counties in aid to the
enterprise, but came forward with liberal sub-
scriptions.
The first meeting of the board of incorpo-
rators met at Vandalia on the 14th day of No-
vember, 1865, for the purpose of organizing
and electing a board of nine directors, with
the following result: John Schofield and
Charles Duncan, Clark County; Samuel
Quinn, Cumberland County; J. P. M.Howard
and S. W. Little, Effingham; C. Floyd Jones
and F. Reemaer, Faj'ette; Wm. S. Smith and
Williamson Plant, Bond County. At the
first meeting of the Board of Directors, held
at Effiingham on the 22i day of November,
1865, for the purpose of electing the first
officers of the company, J. P. M. Howard was
elected president, and Williamson Plant
secretary.
Through the influence of E. C. Rice, who
was Chief Engineer of the " Brough" survey,
and had made estimates for the work under
the same. Gen. E. F. Winslow, a gentleman
of great energy and considerable .railroad
experience, after various propositions being
made to build part of the line, or parts of the
road, contracted, August 22, 18G6, to build
the entire line from the " west bank of the
Wabash to the east end of the dyke at Illinois
town." The contract was finally ratified at a
meeting of the board of directors, hold at
Vandalia November 14, 1866. An addi-
270
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
tional agreemeut was entered into November
28, 186G, and made part ol' the original con-
tract.
The first shock received by the railroad
company in the outset, wsiS the lamented
death of its earnest leader and judicious
friend, Hon. W. S. Wait, July 17, 1865, there-
by depriving it of his mature judgn^ent and
wise counsel in carrying out and making
the contract al>ont to be entered into for
building of the road under the charter so
recently obtained from the LegisLiture.
In 1807, first mortgage bonds were put on
the " property, rights, franchises, leases and
estate, etc., of the company to the amount of
$1,900,000." When the property was leased,
in February, 1808, a second mortgage was
put on the same to the amount of S'^,6 0,000,
each mortgage bearing 7 per cent interest,
payable semi-annually. For the purpose of
further equipment of the road, preferred stock
has been issued to the amount of $1,544,700,
bearing 7 per cent interest.
The issue of $2,000,000 has been authorized.
This stock will take precedence over the com-
mon stock of the company in receiving divi-
dends, and as the interest on the preferred
stock may accumulate before anv payment
thereof, the prospect for dividends on common
stock is remote.
By mutual understanding between the con-
tractors and the company, E. C. Rice was en-
gaged as Chief Engineer, January 18, 1867,
and he commenced the first survey on the
west end of the line in March, and the grad-
ing was begun as soon as the line was fixed
at the west end in April following. At the
same meeting a code of by-lavps was adopted,
and Greenville was designated as the general
oflSce of the company.
At the annual election held in .lanuary,
186 r, J. P. M. Howard was re-elected presi-
dent, Williamson Plant, secretary, and W. S.
Smith, treasurer. April 3, 1867, Mr. Howard
gave up the position by request, and J. F.
Alexander was chosen president of the com-
pany in his place.
By the charter the company was authorized
to issue first mortgage bonds, not to exceed
$12,000 per mile. The capital stock was
made $3,000,000, which could be increased
at an annual meeting by a majority of stock-
holders in interest, as they should direct. The
road was completed to Highland, July 1, 1868.
The first regular passenger train did not run
to that point until August "iOth following. By
consent of the railroad company. Gen. Wins-
low, as contractor, was paid $120,000 for labor
expended on the line, to the 10th day of Feb.,
1808, and at his request was released from his
contract. The same was ratified and accepted
by the company at their meeting, March 13,
1868. The company entered into a contract,
February 10, 1868, with Thomas L. Jewett
and B. F. Smith, of Ohio; Goo. B. Roberts,
of PhiladelpMa, and W. R. McKeen, of Terre
Haute, in the firm name of McKeen, Smith &
Co., to complete the road at an early day. At
the same time and place, an agreement was
entered into, leasing the St. Louis, Vandalia
& Terre Haute Railroad to the Terre Haute &
Indianapolis Railroad Company. In the re-
port of the president of the Vandalia Compa-
nv, made to the stockholders at the annual
meeting, held at Greenville, January' 6, 1872,
he says :
"When on the 10th day of February, 1868,
the contract was made insuring the comple-
tion of your road, another contract was also
made, providing for its forming a part of a
continuous railroad line from St. Louis (via
Indianapolis) to Pittsburgh; and for perfect-
ing this object your line was leased for a pe-
riod of 999 years to the Terre Haute & In-
dianapolis Railroad Company, for the joint
interests of the company and the several rail-
road companies forming the said line. Under
this lease the lessees were to work your road
HISTORY OF CLARK COUXTV.
at their cost and expense, and to pay to your
company 35 per cent of the gross earnings,
first paying therefrom all interest due on the
bonds of the company, and all taxes assessed
against the property of the company, advanc-
ing any deficit in the amount needed to meet
these liabilities, and paying the surplus (if any
remained) of the 35 per cent to your company.
Your board, in view of the light traflic usually
done upon a new line, reduced the proportion
due your company of the gross earnings to 30
per cent, provided that after payment by the
lessees of the road, out of the 70 per cent re-
ceived for that purpose, if any surplus re-
mained, it should go to your company."
From small earnings from the time the
ro:id was opened, first to Highland and Green-
ville, in 18GS, and finally through to Terre
Haute, July 1, 1870, it has developed a mar-
velous increase of business, not only to the
road, but to the farming and all other indus-
tries along the line. The whole cost of the
road, and equipment of the same to July 1,
1870, when the contractors turned the road
over to the lessees, was §7,171,355.89, which
was increased steadily as the line was more
fully developed by " rolling stock " and
"betterments," etc., on the road, until the
last report of the treasurer, W. H. Barnes,
made the total costs of the road and equip-
ment to October 1, 1880, $8,330,410.75. The
amount of business done over the line for the
year 1881, aggregates $1,565,515.04, and the
rental due to the company from the lessee
for the year ending October 31, 1881, was
8469,354.50, and for the same time $424,-
837.04 was earned in carrying passengers;
$43,490.57 for express, and $90,835.98 for
mail services.
The first regular passenger train over the
whole line, on schedule time, was on the 12th
day of June, 1870, and as mentioned before,
the contractors turned over the road, as per
contract, to the Terre Haute & Inilianapolis
liailroad Company, July 1, 1870.
The St. Louis, Vandalia & Terre Haute
Railroad is 158 miles from East St. Louis to
the eastern line of the State, and seven miles
from State line to the Wabash river at Terre
Haute, and about 25 miles in Clark County.
The Wabash Valley Railroad was the next
project in which Clark County became inter-
ested. This project came up while the
" Brough " road was on hand, and before
work wholly ceased upon it. The Wabash
Valley road ran north and south, the survey
conforming substantially to the present Wa-
bash, St. Louis & Pacific. It was one of the
railroad projects growing out of the old inter-
nal improvement fever. On the 5th of May,
1855, by a vote of the people, $50,000 were
subscribed by the county, to aid in the con-
struction of the road. A line was surveyed
from Chicago to Vincennes and work com-
menced. The work was vigorously prose-
cuted until the grading was fully half done,
when for lack of funds and from other causes,
work was eventually discontinued and the
project, for the time being abandoned.
Some years after the close of the late war,
it was revived under the title of "Chicago,
Danville & Vincennes Railroad," and as such
it was completed to Danville. A new com-
pany— " The Paris & Danville " — was then
formed, and under that title the road was
built through this county in the winter of
1874-5, and during the next summer it was
completed to the Ohio and Mississippi road
at Lawrenceville. A more complete history,
however, will be found in Part I. of this vol-
ume, and hence a repetition is unnecessary
here.
The only railroad that Clark ever enjoyed
until the completion of the Vandalia line,
was a horse railroad with wooden rails, run-
ning to the quarries on the Wabash, and was
27.S
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
used for transporting stone to the Wabash
valley. It was known as the " Williams
Railroad," and was considered quite an insti-
tution, by those who had never seen a rail-
road.
The Terre Haute & Southwestern Railroad
was an enterprise in which Clark County
took an active interest, particularly the south-
east part of the county. At one time, it
seemed almost certain that the road would
be built, but from a lack of either funds or
stamina, or a little of both, it failed, and prob-
ably will never be revived.
The Danville, Olney & Ohio River Railroad,
passing through the western portion of the
county, has been re(?ently constructed. When
properly completed and equipped, it will
jjrove a valuable and good paying road.
Conclusion. — Written history, as a rule, is
generally too formal, dignified and scholastic,
to interest the mass. Of broadest scope, it
requires too much nicety and precision as to
circumstances and dates, and too much mul-
tiplicity of detail. It requires, in order to be
perfect, so much minuteness, and so many
unimportant facts, as to often render it weari-
some. Hence, the reader is requested not to
consider the foregoing pages an elaborate
history, or finished production, but more
properly as a sketch of the county in which
we live, and one, too, that is not written up
to the level of critical perfection ; and the
critic who expects or demands elegance of
diction, grandeur and purity of expression,
nicety of language or precision of words, will
be disappointed.
Though a sketch, and of course admitting
of anecdote, excursive digressions, and a flex-
ible texture of narrative, yet, for the most
part, it is essentially historic. The writer has
humbly endeavored to narrate within its pages
some of the physical and moral features of our
county, its formation, settlement, local divis-
ions and progress; the habits and customs
of the early pioneers, interspersed with indi-
vidual incident. He has striven to execute
his task with candor and fidelity, though pro-
foundly aware that many inaccuracies and
imperfections exist. Stating facts from the
records, and on what appeared to be good
authority, and avoiding as much as possible all
false coloring and exaggeration. How far be
has succeeded is submitted to the judgment
of his fellow citizens of the county.
Much of the early history of the county has
been lost through the unusual mortality
among our aged citizens, who have passed
away in the fullness of years and honors, after
living long, useful and eventful lives; after
their early dangers and privations were but
stirring memories of the forever past, they
laid down their burdens, and "slumber in the
sanctuary of the toinb, beneath the quiet of
the stars." But much yet remains, and we
have endeavored to record as we could, some
of the events and ordeals of those early days;
some of the habits, customs and incidents in
the lives of those heroic men and women who,
forsaking the comforts of civilization, and
braving death and danger in countless forms,
pluriged into the wilderness and transformed
it into peaceful and happy homes for their
descendants. We have recorded them as the
customs and manners of our day and time,
which will remain long after we have passed
to the silent dust.
In conclusion, while it would be rather in-
vidious to name the kind friends from whom
the writer has received sulistantial aid and
encoura"-ement in the preparation of this
sketch, yet it would be indeed rude if he did
not return to them his humble and grateful
acknowledgments.
'Try 4.
t-^^^^U-^
CHAPTER VII.*
BENCH A>T) BAR— THE EARLY COMERS AND WHO THEY WERE-SOME COMMENTS ON
THE PROFESSION— FIRST LA^YYERS-BIOGRAPHIES AND CHARACTER SKETCHES-
ANECDOTES OF FICKLIN AND LINDER— OTHER LEGAL LUMINARIES, ETC.
"Time when the memory of man nmneth not to
the contrary." — Blackstone.
IN the very first steps of ororanization in the
countv there were no local lawyers here.
In fact, the legal machinery of the county
had been all fully put in working order be-
fore even the legal circuit riders came to
gladden the hearts of the people with their
imposing presence, seedy plug hats, and the
singular combination of store clothes and
home-made shoes and socks. But courts were
a necessary part of the legal start of a county
— justice had to be administered, quarrels
adjudicated, rows settled, naturalization
granted, and many other little things that
could only be performed by this august body,
were a pressing necessity, and the court,
therefore, was among the early comers.
Lawyers, then, especially to the county mu-
nicipality, were much more esential than now,
for in the very first essentials toward making
a new county the assistance of trained legal
minds were indispensable. The people could
themselves move in the matter of forming a
new county only so far as to talk up the project
among themselves,and agree upon the bounda-
ries, etc., but after this, at every step they must
have the aid and guidance of lawj-ers. They
had to reach the Legislature and a formal peti-
tion dul\- signed had to be drawn; not only
this, but a draft of a bill creating the county,
defining in proper technical and accurate
* By H. C. Bradsby.
words the new countj-'s territory, naming
three commissioners and defining their duties,
etc., and to whom but a lawyer could they
go for all this? The work of these men, then,
was of the greatest importance, as they were
the foundations upon which rests the future
of the little municipality. Their advice to
the people, their work in the matter of legal
documents, were to remain with us in the long
time and for the weal or woe of the unborn
generations. But soon after the county or-
ganization came the first term of the Circuit
Court, and with it the lawyers to see after the
little business that might perchance be there
needing their learned attention. This array
of traveling lawyers was but a meager crowd,
but the woik awaiting them was light, and
the fees were ranged down to coon-skin cur-
rency prices. This meager caravan, however,
as they traveled on horse-back, from county
to county, constituted the early Bench and
Bar. It was the court, and the " circuit
riders," of the early fraternity, and without
drawing invidious distinctions, the moving
procession was constituted of some of the
most valuable of our pioneer people. Their
life was a hard one, their work often difficult
and perplexing; they braved the heat and cold,
the storms and floods, and all over the vast
circuits (then embracing more than half the
State), with their wardrobes and their law
libraries in their saddle-bags — which, often,
with all their clothes, they cairied on their
heads while their horses were swimming the
HISTORY OF CLAiaC COUNT V.
swollen streams. They traveled from one
county seat to another, where often they
would not find more oases on the docket
tiian there were numbers of them, and these
frequently unimportant and frivolous, the
hotel accommodations meager and rude, and
packed with perhaps a rough-and-tumble lot
of hunters and trappers, who had come to
town to have a jolly good time and make night
and day hideous with their orgies. If the
judge got a private room he was in luck, be-
cause generally the rooms were all in one, and
all over this were beds on the floor, and on cots,
as thick as they could be placed, and all the
iiio-ht lono- the chances for sleep were few and
far between. Then below this vast sleep-
ing room was the hotel bar-room, where
drinking and "stag-dances" often rioted in
noisy fun the most of the night, to the
screeching of a cracked fiddle handled by
some yahoo who could worry the very soul
in acrony of all within ear-shot of his hideous
caterwauling. The writer hereof will never
foro-et hearing Judge Koerner, upon one oc-
casion, somewhat like that above mentioned,
express his exasperated feelings. The judge
would be perfectly quiet in his cot for some
time and then flounce over, pouch out his
lips and blow, and, talking to himself ap-
parently, say, "d — n dot feedling." And
thus the long night was interminably drawn
out.
The Circuit Court held generally biennial
sessions in each county. The judge was the
great man, of course, upon the recurring-
great day of the assembling of the court.
The Bar was much like the nightly courtiers
attending upon royalty, and it is not wonder-
ful that they inspired the greatest respect and
awe from all the people as they went in
triumphal procession over the country. Even
the clerks and sheriffs and other local ofBcials
of the court, by virtue of their right to ap-
proach the bench and bar upon something
like terms of familiarity, and exchange words
with them, were temporarily greatly enlarged
and magnified and sometimes doubtless great-
ly envied by the common crowds. But soon
after the organization of each county came
the local lawyer — the dv^eller among the
people — and thus some of the glamour that
invested the profession of law passed away.
Soon, too, these increased in numbers, and
as law and politics were synonymous terms,
and, in their electioneering, they more and
more mixed amona: the people, generally
coaxing and wheedling them out of their
votes, kissing babies, patting frowzled-headed,
dirty faced boys; flattering the rural sun-
flowers, kissing the blarney stone and dealing
out thickened taifa to the old beldames, and
hugoing like a very brother the voters, and
dividing with them their supply of plug
tobacco, and tipping the wink to the blear-
eyed doggery keeper — making spread eagle
speeches everywhere and upon all possible
occasions, and thus the work of breaking
down the one great barrier between the pro-
fession and the people, and their mingling in
discriminate herds, went on, until a lawyer
o-ot to be simply a human being, "nothing but
a man," as the boy said when the preacher
for the first time dined at his mother's house.
But the fact remains that in the early set-
tlement of the State, and in the first forma-
tion of the laws and customs of the different
counties, these gentlemen had much to do,
and to their glory be it said, they did their
work wisely and well, and the proud State of
Illinois, and her royal train of daughters — •
the 102 counties — are imperishable monu-
ments to their industry, patriotism, ripe
judgment and incorruptible integrity'. We
have here the fiurth State in the Union, and
it was eager and swilt in the race for the
third place. The next decade will place her
second, and a few brief years may, naj',
doubtless will, put her at the head of the
HISTORY OF CLARK COrXTY.
2^3
groat column of States, and toward tliis
grand consuminatiuri a nieeil of praise will
always be due these good men — the early
Bench and Bar. The first session of the
Circuit Court in Clark County was held in
Aurora, as stated in a preceding chapter,
the first county seat, on the 20th day of Sep-
tember, 1819. Judge Thomas C. Browne
presiding, and W. B. Archer, clerk, and the
first case ever entered upon the Circuit Court
docket was a little appeal case, from the
docket of C. Patrick. Wickliffe Kitchell ap-
peared as the plaintiff's attorne}-, and John
M. Robinson for the defendant. This first
case of the court's docket, bear in mind, was
not at the first term of the court, for, accord-
ing to the record, there was no case put down
for trial at this court. The records are models
of their kind, and we much doubt if any
county in the State can show records in their
organization, that would compare with these
ill their completeness or mechanical execu-
tion. Every paper, every certificate and
each proper entry are all in their place and
are models that have never yet been improved
upon. These splendid records shoulil be
preserved by the county, as one would the
ap])le of his eye, and the time will soon come
when these books will be a just and fitting
moiuiinont to the first county officials, especi-
ally the clerk of the court.
In Aj)ril, 18"^'0, the second term of the Cir-
cuit Court for the county convened, Judge
William Wilson presiding. There were only
four cases on the docket, and two of these
were for slander. At this term of the court
appeared as attorneys, John McLean, John
M. Robinson, WicklifTe Kitchell, Mr. Nash,
and Henry W. Dunford. At the September
term, 1820, William P. Bennet was enrolled
as a practicing attoriiev. At the May term,
1821, the clerk, W. B. Archer, makes this ex-
])lanatory entry: " Be it known that the
sheriff, clerk of the court, suitors, etc., at-
tended at Aurora, the seat of justice of Clark
County, on Wednesday the 23d day of May,
1821, and until 4 o'clock of Thursday, the
24th day of said month, and no judge appear-
ing to form a court, the people dispersed."
At the October term, 1821, Nathaniel Hunt-
ington and Jacob Call were enrolled as at-
torneys. At the May term, 1822, Jacob Har-
lan acted as clerk pr> tein., and John M. Rob-
inson appears upon the records as the first
State's attorney for the county of Clark, John
Jackson enrolled as a regular attorney.
In 1823 the county seat was moved from
Aurora to Darwin. In 1825 Hon. James O.
Wattles succeeded Wilson as Circuit Judge.
At the November term, 1825, Judge James
Hall held a term of the court, and at this
term T. C. Cone was enrolled as an attorney.
Then in 1826 Judge Wattles again presides,
and at the April term, 1827, Wilson is again
on the bench. In 1831 Edwin B. Webb ap-
pears as the State's attorney.
O. B. FiciCLiN. — In 1830, now fifty-three
years ago, in a memorable day in September,
appeared in the little town of Darwin, the
Hon. O. B. Ficklin, " on horseback." Judge
Ficklin says he can distinctly remember the
day, because it was just as the little town
was in the greatest state of excitement over
finding a den of snakes. He thinks if the
whole village had been suffering an attack of
jim-jams thev could not have had a worse at-
tack of snakes. When found, the reptiles
were intertwined into an immense roll, larger
than a bale of hay, where they had apparent-
ly gathered to go into winter quarters. When
disturbed they started in every direction, and
the people en masse had armed themselves
and were working away in the slaughter like
men threshing wheat with old-styled flails.
The old judge says his arrival was wholly
eclipsed by the serpents, but ho congratulates
himself that he has stayed longer than the
snakes, at least longer than that particular
■2S4
HISTORY OF CLAUK COUXTV.
batch of them. Tlip people were not so much
to blame for overlooking him and seeing
only the snakes. They didn't know him then,
as well as pretty much everybody in Illinois
now does; they did know the snakes, and
they literally pulverized the heads of the de-
scendants of the first apple vender with their
heels, and with sticks, clubs or anything they
could lay their hands upon. Ficklin rode up
to the tavern, dismounted, carried his rather
emaciated saddle-bags into the house, had his
horse put up, and immediately joined the lit-
tle array that was so bravely battling with
reptiles. Ficklin came from Missouri to Illi-
nois, and fi.^ed his home at Mt. Carmel, and
thus became a member of the Wabash bar,
and entered actively upon the practice of his
chosen profession. He diligently continued
his studios, struggled hard to pay his light
expenses of living, and by untiring energy to
win a name and just fame among his fellow
members of the bar. He was then but a
bright, inexperienced boy, having been born
in Scott County, Ky., December 10, 1808.
It is not intended here to give a statistical
bioii-raphv of Judge Ficklin, but rather a
mere outline of dates and facts, as a founda-
tion on whicli to build, or place a sketch of
the man mentalU', morally, socially and polit-
ically. His political life commenced as early
as 1834, when he was elected to the Legisla-
ture at Vandalia, the then State capitol.
Here he first met Douglas, Lincoln, John T.
Stewart, Jesse K. Duljois and many others
who afterward gained wide celebrity. He
describes Douglas as the little, sprightly boy
of the Legislature, very bright, affaljle, indus-
trious, and universally liked and petted by
all the members. Lincoln was long, gang-
linn-, uncouth, and his clothes always fit
badly, and he looked so awkward that his
friends were always afraid he would tramp on
his own feet and trip himself. But he could
tell a good story; sometimes showed fair
ability in argjument, and was conceded to be
an opponent who would bear a great deal of
watching. Jesse K. Dubois — well, everybody
on the Wabash knows him, and respects and
loves his memory. He was one of the kind-
est hearted, most genial men that Illinois ever
produced. His power with men lay in his
kind, warm heart. John T. Stewart impress-
ed voung Ficklin as the giant among these
pigmies, both intellectually and physically.
He was all intellect, without thut flow of
animal spirits that are generally essential to
a politician. Then, too, he was more given
to be a great lawyer than a great politician.
His whole nature imbued him with the
aristocratic ideas of the Whig party, and the
Whig party in the early days of Illinois, was
not well adapted to the wants and ideas of the
people. Hence, Mr. Stewart never entered
very seriously into polities, especially afte-r
his momorable contest with Douglas for a
seat in the United States Coni-ress. These
were the men that Ficklin met at the State
capitol in the winter of 1834. His recollec-
tion is most distinct upon the point that there
certainly was not one there who then even
dreamed there was not only the materials for
presidents, but men who by sheer force of their
intellects, and in defiance of defeats in elec-
tions, would send their fame all over the
<j-lobe; whose memories would endure forever.
In this remarkable school for young men,
Judge Ficklin measured his capabilities in
many a sharp contest, and from none of these
did he ever have to retire with his plumes
either ruffl ;d or plucked. He returned to his
constituents, and in the winter of 1834-5 was
chosen States attorney for the W.ibash D.s-
trict. In 1S37 he removed to Coles County,
locating in Charleston, where he has resided
ever since, and entered here at once upon a
large, and for those days a lucrative practice
of the law. In 1843 he was elected to Con-
gress. In the congressional delegation from
HISTORY OF CLARK COUXTY.
2?5.
Illinois at that time vvero Douglas, McCler-
naiid and Wentwortli. He was re-elected in
ISiJ: and again in 1846, and again elected in
1850. He was a delegate to the National
Democratic Convention of ISoG, when James
Buchanan was nominated, and also a delegate
to the Charleston convention of 18G0. In
1370 he was elected to the Illinois Legisla-
ture. In 1846 he married Elizabeth H. Col-
quitt, of Georgia, daughter of United States
Senator Walter T. Colquitt, and sister of the
present U. S. Senator from Georgia, Gov. Al-
fred Colquitt.
This is the briefest outline of his political
life, but it is of his legal and social career
that we prefer to speak more full}'. He is
the father, now, of the Illinois bar. A ripe
scholar, a profound jurist. But his supreme
gifts were an integrity and probity that were
never suspected, and an intuitive knowledge
of men that has never betai surpassed. He
had a boundless contempt for human frauds
and shams, and he hated a scoundrel with an
intensity that never relaxed. So strongly was
this in his nature that when once started in
the pursuit of a nest of rascals, he at once lost
sight of fees or emoluments, and for the pure
love of right and justice he pursued the vil-
lain as relentlessly and persistently as the
blood-hound is said to follow the fleeing fugi-
tive. A history of these dens and villains
that he has uncovered, and laid the heavy
hand of the outraged law upon, would make
an instructive book of thrilling interest.
When profoundly interested and aroused, his
eloquence was of the highest type — his lan-
guage strong and rich, and his sentences clear-
cut and as fuiished as the highest classics.
We know of nothing of a similar kind that
surpasses for pathetic eloquence, his tribute
to the memory of his friend, Judge Steel,
before the court and bar when he presented
the resolutions of respect to the departed
jvnist and beloved friend. The words welled
up spontaneously to the lips from a heart full
of grief and sadness; they came unstudied,
and for this very reason they came with a
naturalness, power and fascination that has
seldom been oqualed^never surpassed. But
by his intimate acquaintances he will proba-
bly be the best remembered for his rare
social gifts and conversational powers. He
loved to talk and to hear others talk, and it
mattered not with whom or in what circle he
found himself, his talent of adaptation was
never at fault. From the most ignorant and
simple he could, by his natural gifts for cross-
examining, extract both information and quiet
amusement. If he found them too ignorant
for anything else, they could tell him about
their " sisters, their cousins, and their aunts,"
and the absorbing interest of the old judge
in these at once became a comical study.
And even thus he was storing away informa-
tion about the people that he at some time,
either in the practice of the law or in his
political campaigns, could use to a great ad-
vantage. The younger lawyers of the district
will tell you that he can go into almost any
county in the Wabash district, or in central
or southern Illinois, and on opening court
day, take his seat in the court room and as
each one of the younger generation of men
enters, if he does not recognize him, he will
ask his young lawyer friend the name of the
man, and when told it, he will most generally
reply by saying, " Oh, yes; I know; the son
of such and such a man, who settled on such
a creek," and then proceed to tell his friend
all about the man's family and relatives. It
is said that in this way he knows more people,
and more about them, than any other man in
the State. He would gather from his uncouth
friends often as much or more quiet amuse-
ment than information. For instance, riding
along the road one day he overtook a woman
driving a team of oxen, hauling rails. He
slowed up his horse and opened a conversa-
2S6
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
tion. Eventually, among other things, he
asked her how she liked Illinois. "Oh," re-
plied the woman, " it 'pears all well enough
for men and dogs, but its powerful tryin' on
women and oxen." Thus his store of amus-
ing incidents and anecdotes are unsurpassed
probably by any man living. But his most
valuable associate in life was doubtless U. F.
Linder, one of the most wonderful men that
Illinois has ever produced. Ficklin and Lin-
der were near the same age; had commenced
the practice of the law at the same time, and
from 1837, the date of Ficklin's locating in
Charleston, they were neighbors, associates,
and friends; most generally arrayed on oppo-
site sides in the courtroom, their legal battles
were the marvel of the age. In their mental
and general make-up they were in pretty
much everything perfect opposites. Linder's
genius was transcendent, brilliant, flashing,
unstable, feverish, and diseased. He blazed up
into the highest heavens like a flashing rocket,
from where his unbalanced nature plunged
into the dark mud like a blackened stick.
Before a jury or upon the hustings his elo-
quence and genius played like the ragged
lightnings in sportive twists. When his elo-
quent tongue wagged unmolested he swayed
and moved an audience as with the combined
force of mesmerism and electricity, and
seemed to revel and riot in almost super-
natural powers, and when the feverish thrill
had passed he was left weak, puerile and
childish, full of superstitious fears, dreading
and dodging unseen dangers, vain as a sim-
pleton, and particularly vain of those very
things he did not possess, and of which almost
any other man with a modicum of sense would
have been heartily ashamed. He failed in
every great purpose of his life, if he ever
formed any great purpose, which is doubtful,
because when success came to his hands, for
which he had struggled apparently like the
fabled gods, he threw it away and trampled
it in the mud and the mire. Judge Ficklin
was essential, nay, absolutely necessary, to
this wild child of genius as a prop and stay,
and balance, to his very existence. The con-
servative, strong nature of Ficklin was the
only one thing in this world to stay and con-
trol the gifted madness of Linder, and the
truth of this is attested in the hard and griev-
ous life that was his continuous existence
after he moved away from Charleston and
fixed his habitation in Chicago, where he died
a few years ago. Linder was as fickle as he
was brilliant, one moment loving his friends
and pouring out upon them terms of endear-
ment as intense and soft as a hysterical
school-girl; the next moment raging at and
abusing them like a fury, painting the moon
with blood, or lashing them with that wonder-
ful tongue that at times was as a whip of
scorpions, then as causelessly as had been
perhaps his firet wrath, he would humble and
humiliate himself in abject apologies. The
companionship, the legal contests before
courts and juries, the warm friendships, the
tiff's (always only on Linder's part), the social
communings, the political battles and discus-
sions upon the stump, their traveling all over
the wide circuit on horse-back together, dis-
cussing everything from the size of their
respective clients' ears to the simple and
sublime sermon on the Mount. Could they
be put down upon paper, with all their
strange, wierd and amusing phrases, would
make a page in the world's history that would
stand alone in interest. It was, it is true,
something like hitching up for a draft team
the noble Fercheron horse and the wild eagle
of the crags. The marvelous brilliancy of
Linder's genius attracted Ficklin, while Lin-
der went to Ficklin in all his real and
his numerous imaginary troubles as the
helpless, heart-broken child does to its strong
lovin<T father to pour out its griefs and have
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
287
its wouiKis made whole. A story finely illus-
trative, both of the times and of these two
men, is told somewhat as follows: In 1844,
tiiey each aspired to be candidates for con-
gress— one a Wiiig, the other a Democrat.
Earlv in the year they started out traveling
from county to county, holding nearly every
night joint discussions. They joined issue
upon the then great question of the annexa-
tion of Te.xas. They took sides, it seems, by
lot, and Linder as a Whig, was warmly for get-
ting Texas, and Mexico too, for tliat matter,
■while Ficklin, as a Democrat, hotly opposed
the whole scheme of blood and robbery. As
these nightly battles grew and magnified, the
people became deeply interested and many
traveled from county to county to hear their
favorites discuss these great questions. They
had about got over half the districts, and their
appointments were out for the remaining
counties, when the slow word found its way
to this wild country at last, that the National
Democratic Convention had nominated Polk
and Dallas, and upon the strongest kind of a
Texas annexation platform. The word came
like a thunder-clap to these young statesmen.
What were they to do? They were to debate
the next day in the adjoining county, and
they cut the Gordian knot as thej' rode to the
place, by changing sides, and then at it they
went, hip and thigh, over the remainder of the
district. This swapping sides was the life
and joy of Linder, for it was his nature to
stick at nothing very long. He joined pretty
much every craze that came along, and al-
ways for the nonce out-Heroded Herod. If a
church revival happened along when he was
in one of his frequent moods of depression,
he would join, and his enthusiasm was bound-
less and uncontrollable, and, of course, would
soon blaze and burn itself out, when back he
would go to his revelries and first loves. But
always when he safely passed the prayer and
shouting gauge, he would hie himself and
hunt up Ficklin and beg and plrad with him
to come and go along and be saved. He
would attack every one he met, in the high-
wavs and by-ways, and invite them to the
marriage feasts, and, if they hesitated at all,
he would open upon them his powerful po-
lemical batteries, which discussions soon grew
so heated that Linder would be more eager
to fight it out, rough and tumble, give and
take, than he had a few minutes before been
anxious to save their imperiled souls. Thus
every ism, society and church, that chance
forced upon him, he tried in turns, not even
slighting the Adventists with their ascension
robes and a burning world. Ficklin reports
him unusually serious upon this last-named
reliofious experiment. Although it was in the
dead of winter when the craze struck the vil-
lage of Charleston and captured nearly all the
people, as well as Linder, yet the colder the
weather got the hotter Linder felt, and it so
happened that on the day for the vast confla-
gration there were two '' sun-dogs " rose up
with the red sun. The people rushed into
the streets and believed the red suns were the
world's fire and that in the language of Fick-
lin, the tire had about reached the Embarras
River and as soon as it could get across the
river it would devour Charleston. At the
head of these was Linder, praying and shout-
ing like mad, and exhorting the people that
the day of judgment and the wrath of God
was at hand, but the day passed and the
world rolled on as cold and icy the next morn-
ing as ever. Linder hunted up Ficklin and
told him he had again got religion, that he
was certain the world was coming to an end,
that he firmly believed it had already passed
its allotted time by twenty-four hours; that he
was sincere in his religion and much wished
his brother Ficklin would go along with him,
etc. "But, brother Ficklin," said Linder,
" I never intend my religion again to make a
damn fool of me."
288
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
S. S. Whitehead, of Marshall, tells of the
first political speech he ever listened to. It
•was made by Judge Fiokliii to an audience of
the great " unwashed," the barefoot democ-
racy in their hunting shirts. An issue of that
day was, much as we have it now, the ab-
struse problem in political economy, of a high
protective tariff. The speaker finally came to
this question, when he explained it with the
simple proposition that " protective tariff is a
Sunday-go-to-meeting word, and means high
taxes upon you farmers and everybody else."
We have no hesitation in saying, that for the
crowd, the occasion and all the surrounding
circumstances, this was the best speech ever
made on that vexed question.
.lusTiN Haklan. — Judge Harlan was a
native of Ohio, born in Warren County, De-
cember, 1800, and died while on a visit to a
daughter in Kentucky, March 13, 1879. He
had received an academic education and
studied law in the office of Judge McLean,
and afterward with Judge Callett, and came
to Darwin in May, 1825. In the year 1833
he was married to Lucinda Hoge, and resided
in Darwin until the year 1840, when he took
up his abode in Marshall. He had nine
children, eight of whom are still living; one
died in infancy; three of these, namely, How-
ard, Cyrus and Edwin, were born in Darwin,
and the others in Marshall. Mrs. Harlan, who
survives him, was born in Knox County, In-
diana, in the year 1813. When Judge Har-
lan first came to Illinois he located in Pales-
tine, and after a few years residence there re-
moved to Darwin. His first office was justice
of the peace in the last named village. He
was a soldier in the war of 1833, and served
out his term as orderly sergeant of his com-
pany with credit and distinction. In the
year 1835 he was elected circuit judge by
the State Legislature, which honorable posi-
tion he filled for eighteen consecutive years,
the longest continuous period of any man who
has yet held the office. So ably and well did
ho discharge his high duties of judge that
after hts first term he was re-elected without
opposition. He was a member of the consti-
tutional convention of 1848, and here his
strong character,his familiarity with the funda-
mental laws, and his polished scholarship
made him a conspicuous and leading member
of that body. He was appointed by President
Lincoln Indian agent ot the Cherokee Na-
tion, in which position he served until Lin-
coln died, when he resigned and returned to
his home in Marshall. He was one of the few
Indian agents that brought no disgrace to the
government, and when retiring from his post
of usefulness was a loss to both the govern-
ment and the Indians. After his return home,
although he was not in accord politically with
the majority of his county, he was elected
county judge, which position he filled until
within a short time of his death.
This is the record dated of a long, a useful
and a great life. No shadow ever fell upon
his name or fame. Strength of mind and
purity of purpose were his leading traits. In
his profession of the law these made him a
great chancery lawyer, no doubt the ablest
that ever presided in a chancery court in the
Wabash district, or practiced before the courts
in Clark County. In that branch of the law
practice that sometimes requires scheming
and cunning diplomacy, he was neither great
nor very successful. A proof that his nature
was faithful and just, and that his pre-emi-
nent integrity of mind was better adapted to
the equitj"^ courts. When he had laid aside
his cares of office and active life he gave up
his time mingling among his troops of friends,
where he moved like a great central figure
marked by the love, respect and admiration
of all. But his delight and keenest joys of
old age was in the association of little, inno-
cent children. He loved them all most de-
votedly, and to make them happy to listen to
HISTORY OF CLARK COUXTY.
2S9
the rippling laughter that bubbled up from
their guileless hearts, watch their gambols and
share in their boisterous and hearty fun and
frolic, was his almost constant pastime. His
house, in bad weather, and the shady sward,
in good weather, was the resort for troops
of these prattling innocents where they came
to the joyous old man like genial sunbeams —
a sweet picture in the gloaming of a great,
pure and noble life — a fitting crown. Let it
1)6 Judge Harlan's imperishable monument
beneath which may he sweetly sleep forever.
In 1835, at the October term of the Circuit
Court, Judge Alexander F. Grant presided
during the term as the judge i^ro tan.
Among the early lawyers in Darwin was
Eldridge S. Jenny, and a little later came a
man of conside able ability in his profession,
Mr. Shelledey. And then began to come
Hon. Aaron Shaw of Lawrenceville, the
present member of Congress, from this dis-
trict. Josiah McRoberts, Kirby Benedict, of
Paris, A. C. French, of Palestine, Charles Em-
merson, of Macon Count}-, "Wickliffe Kitch-
ell, and afterward his two sons, Alfred and
Edward, from Palestine. Wicklifle Kitchell
is remembered by the bar as a close student
of the law, a faithful and conscientious attor-
Uey, but inclined to be a little prolix and
sometimes prosy. In a race for Congress
Kitchell, Linder and Ficklin were the three
" starters." Linder, of course, was in his
glory, which could only have been increased
by an increase in the number of his competi-
tors. He would open his campaign speeches
by saying that he was a candidate for Con-
gress; that he was running against Fick-
lin, and that his wife was running against
Kitchell, and with this flippant allusion he
would dismiss the further consideration of
Kitchell and then turn his batteries upon the
Democrats. To these merciless flagellations
Ficklin would bravely respond, and then
trut out Folk as " the little bob-tailed roached-
maned Tennessee pony that was going to
beat the great spavined Kaintuck boss, and
that the Whigs were a case of blacklegs and
preachers all put in the same bed, etc., etc.
These are given as mere specimens of the tart
and relish that were so well calculated to
hold the interested attention of the crowds
that listened to the discussions.
Jldge Uki Manly. — He was one of the ;
presiding judges of the Circuit Court of
Clark County. He had read law with Judge
Harlan's father in Kentucky. Judge Manly
was a well-read lawyer, with a quick, bright
mind. His mental cultivation had been ex-
tensive, and his reading of a wider rano-e
than the average lawyer and politician" of his
day. He was much more remarkable for
read}' shrewdness than for great profundity
of thought. He was succeeded in oiBce by
Judge Stephen Archer, who belonged to one
of the oldest and best families that came iu
the early times to Clark County. He dis-
charged the duties of circuit judge with great
fairness and more than average ability.
Joshua P. Cooper came to Clark County as
early as 1825. He located in Martinsville,
where he married Marian, the daughter of
Abner Stark. He died in ISGij in Erlgar
County, to which place he had removed some
years before, and where he had been elected
County Judge. He was one of the most elo-
quent men of his day. In early life he had
been badly crippled by the " white-swelling."
He was a member of the Legislature in 1848,
and in the senatorial contest between Breeze
and Shields he warmly espoused the cause of
Judge Breeze. He stood for a re-nomination
to the Legislature and was defeated by James
C. Robinson, one of the most remarkable of
all the eminemt men given to the State by the
Wabash Country. A splendid specimen of
frontier developement whose eventful life is
full of romance and instruction. Born of
humble parents in a new wild country, where
290
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
all were generally poor and rich alike — the
intensity of the pinch and struggle for life
usually dependent upon the numbers of young
children that had to be provided for, and sur-
rounded by very little of the blessings of
society and civilization, the very poorest
school facilities, where the sum and substance
of life was a constant battle with the ele-
ments, hunger, the wild varments, and the
beasts of prey, were the general surroundings
of the childhood of " Jim Robinson," as his
old friends still persist in calling him. The
children of poor farmers in that day were put
to work at a very tender age. In all these
respects his earliest surroundings came at
him rough end foremost. It may have been
these very circumstances that whetted the
child's natural shrewdness and cunning. At
all events, it is told of him that at the earliest
age he gave evidences that he had not been
born with the gift of industry in tending swine
very largely developed, and that his talent for
shirking work off upon his older brothers was
very marked indeed. In fact so masterly
was his laziness, so utterly reckless was he of
the health and comforts of both the domestic
animals and the crops upon the farm, his tend-
er-heartedness toward weeds as he saw them
rise up in their might to choke the young
corn in its efforts to make the family bread,
that his family and friends despaired of his
ever being of any account, and were willing
to give him over to utter reprobacy. But as
for playing marbles, " keeps," " shinny,"
mumble-peg, swimming, foot-racing, stealing
out the old jaded plow horses of moonlight
nights, or of Sundays when the older ones were
at church, and running races for pin fish-
hooks, whip crackers, or white alleys, he went
forth conquering and to conquer. When
more than half grown he was a lazy, lubberly,
unkempt, unprepossessing bare-foot boy,
reckless, rolicking and indifferent as to where
the next feed was to come from as a cub-
bear; a bundle of growing vitality, and ex-
uberant animal spirits with no restraints or
guides in the world except his own volitions
and impulses. If his most partial friends
ever supposed he possessed hidden possibili-
ties of future usefulness and value, it must
have struck them as a case of the jewel in the
toad's head. Yet before he was grown, he had
picked up in some unaccountable way enough
education to be able to read and write, and
had good books then fallen in his way he no
doubt would have shown his friends for what
purpose he was made, but they were not to
be had and he therefore bloomed into a most
expert jockey in the county. He passionately
loved horses and especially horse-racing. The
evidence that he admired women is well
attested in the living fact that he is only
eifjhteen years older than his oldeat son.
Thus at the early age of eighteen he was the
head of a family, a renter, a wretched farmer,
and with no other earthly possessions, or visi-
ble means of support, but he was as happy,
contented and lazy as the day was long.
The family of the young Benedict increased
with a constant regularity, and he soon grew
to be a leader in the county in all games and
sports, and a prominent figure on exciting
election days, and all kinds of hurrah gather-
ings. At the first call for soldiers in the
Mexican war he volunteered as a soldier and
served his country until the end of the wai-
and the disbandment of the army. This
circumstance was no doubt the turning point
in his career of life. Soldiering, and travel-
ino-, as well as mixing somewhat with men
of some culture, had educated him up to the
knowledge of his real vocation in life. Upon
his return home he borrowed a law book
(some say it was a copy of the Illinois statu-
tes) and commenced the study of the law.
That summer he raised a meager crop of corn
and read law in the shade, and at the fall term
of the court obtained his license as an attorney.
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
291
He quit the farm at once and opened a law
office in Marshall, and his fortune was made.
His indolence, and all former roysteririg, in-
dift'erence to the cares of life wore 2*one, and
by the sheer force of intellect and extraordi-
nary talents, he took his position at the head
of the bar as a jurj' lawj-er in his countj- — a
position that he now holds in the bar of the
great State of Illinois. In a short time he
was elected to congress, and was re-elected
a nuinher of times — in fact until he moved
out of the district and located in Springfield,
with a view of devoting his time exclusively
to the practice of the law. When he took up
his abode in Springfield that congressional dis-
trict was and had l)een for a long time strong-
ly republican in politics. A nomination, by
the democracy, was forced upon his unwilling
acceptance, and he canvassed the district, and
wrested victory from the ja ws of defeat, and
from that day to the present the district has
sent only Democrats to Washington. He was
the nominee of the Democracy for Governor
during the war times, when there was prac-
ticall}' no living Democratic party in the
State, and, of course, he was defeated, but he
made an able and memorable canvass.
These, in the fewest words, are the promi-
nent facts of his political life. In the mean-
time while this rather larsre and active polit-
ical life was ^oing on, his knowledge and
fame in the profession of the law was growing
and rapidly extending. Not only is this true,
but his education and growth in knowledge
kept pace with his wonderful advances in the
respects above mentioned, until to-day, at the
noon merely of his intellectual manhood, this
misjudged, never understood farmer boy, with
scarcely a single adventitious circumstance
to mold and develop his mind in his youth
and young manhood, has trod alone, sword
in hand, and cleaved out his road to fame and
fortune, and become not only a ripe literary
scholar, the ablest of jury lawyers, the great-
est popular orator of his day, but a statesman
as well as a lawyer of national reputation.
His powers as a conversationalist are as won-
derful as his triuniphs in other intellectual
paths, and have unquestionably contributed
not a little to his successful life.
This is the instructive story — only bv far to
briefly told, and too much suppressed — of
what a boy can do, not only without the
schools, but without wealth, and with a family
on his hands at the rather jjrcmature ago of
eighteen years! If rightly read by thej'ouths
of our country, it would prove the most val-
uable lesson of their lives.
Hon. Charles H. Constable. — This £,en-
tleman was born in Chestertown, Maryland,
.July 6, 1817, and died in the city of Effingham
October 9, 1805. He had been educated in
early life with great care and was a thorough
and elegant scholar. He attended school at
Belle Air Academy, a fine scientific and classi-
cal school, and prepared himself to enter col-
lege and then became a student of the Uni-
versity of Virginia, where he graduated with
the first honor in 1838. Here he pursued,
among other branches, the study of the law,
when this department of the school was in the
care of men of national reputation, and to
their invaluable instruction he added his own
patient and unremitting studies, and laid the
foundation for that judicial knowledge which
he in subsequent life displayed as an advo-
cate and judge. Immediately after his grad-
uation he came to Illinois, and located in Mt.
Carmel, and here, on the 23d day of April,
1840, was married to Martha, daughter of
Reverend Thomas Hines, of that place. Here
he soon won the honorable position of ranking '
among the ablest among the members of a
bar, which, at that day, was justly estimated
as the ablest of the West. And such were the
strength and solidity of his abilities that this
reputation soon extended all over the State.
In 1846 he was elected a member of the State
292
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
Senate, from the Wabash, Edwards and
Wayne counties district, discharging the du-
ties of the office with signal ability. He was
elected a delegate to the Sfate Constitutional
Convention of l.S-iS from Wabash County.
His ripe scholarship, and profound knowledge
of the law bi ought him conspicuously forward,
and many of the most important features of
the Constitution were his handiwork. After
the convention had completed its labors he
•was made chairman of a committee to prepare
an address to the people of Illinois, to be sub-
mitted with the Constitution. This was a
most able and admirable paper and was wholly
written by him.
.Judge Constable was a devoted Old Line
Whig, and acted strictly with that party until
its dissolution in 1854, when he became a
Democrat. He was the Whig candidate for
Congress in 1852, in the 7th district, and was
defeated by Hon. J. C. Allen. Many of the
older citizens will yet contend that the can-
vass made by Judge Constable in this election
was by far the ablest and most brilliant ever
made in the district. He was a Democratic
elector in 1856, for the State at large. In
June, 1861, he was elected judge of the 4th
judicial circuit and this position he held until
his death.
He was a pure, able and just judge, ex-
amining all questions that came before him
with conscientious impartiality, great prompt-
ness and discrimination.
As a lawyer, judge and legislator, he was
alike popular. In every position of life to
which the people elevated him, he gained dis-
tinguished honors. He was well fitted to
adorn the highest places in the public trust,
and had his life been spared to his people the
public voice would have doubtless called him
to yet higher places of trust.
His acquirements as a lawyer were varied
and profound. He had drunk deeply of the
fountains of English common law, and he kept
pace with the march of judicial science, by a
familiarity with the reported decisions of our
own courts and those of England. He had
thoroughly studied and mastered the philoso-
phy and spirit as well as the dry letter of the
law. As a speaker he was forcible, eloquent
and correct. His language showed the man
of thought and cultivated taste. His bearing
was digiiilied, courteous and polite. He was
an ornament to the bench and an honor to
the bar.
At times .Judge Constable has been the ob-
ject of the most violent and relentless polit-
ical persecuiion, and yet those who knew him
well, know that the man scarcely ever lived,
who less deserved it. Firm and conscientious
in all his views, and bold and fearless in their
enunciation, ho had, at the same time, respect
for those who honestly diifered from him on
even the most vital tenets of his faith. His
personal experience, his education and his
reason taught him the fallibility of human
judgment and the liability of honest and Vi^ise
men to disagree upon almost every question
of political philosophy in a government con-
stituted as ours is; and he claimed no charity
for himself that he did not cordially extend
to others.
In all the relations of life a sense of duty
— stern and inexorable — accompanied him
and characterized his every act, and disre-
o-arding selfish and personal considerations,
he obeyed its behests until the icy hand of
death was laid upon his brow.
The biographic record of the other mem-
bers of the bar, now living in the county, will
be found in the department of this work,
under the head of Biographical Sketches.
CHAPTEE YIII.*
MARSHALL TOWNSHIP— INTRODUCTION— TYP06RAPHY-AN ILLINOIS BARREN-PRIMI-
TIVE ATTRACTIONS-EARLY LAND ENTRIES-ORIGIN OF THE VILLAGE-PIO-
NEER INDUSTRIES AND IMPROVEMENTS— EARLY SOCIETY, ETC., ETC.
" "Tis nature's plan
The child should grow unto the man,
The man groijr wrinkled, old, and gray."
— Longfelloic.
"jl/TARSHALL Township was known in the
-L'J- Congressional survey as town 11 north,
range 12 west, and for nearly a score of years
after the organization of the county, did not
bear a more specific title. For some time it
formed an insignificant part of the original and
illy-defined townships of Washington and Du-
bois and only secured recognition and promi-
nence when it was named Marshall, and chosen
as the site of the county seat of justice in
I'S'-u. The site of this township was origi-
nally occupied by w.hat was termed in the
vernacular of the frontier, a " barren," — de-
batable ground where the wild fires and
timber met on somewhat equal terms and
either might claim the mastery. The land
was high and pleasantly situated with gentle
slope toward the South, giving rise in the
western half to an important branch of Mill
Creek which joins the main stream on the
southern line of the township. Mill Creek
enters the original boundary of the township
on section nineteen and taking a south-
easterly course passes out of the middle part
of section thirty-three. The highest point in
the township and in the county, is about a
mile south of the site of the village of Mar-
sh.all, though the village generally seems to
* By J. H. Battle.
share in the pre-eminence, the land sloping in
all directions from it. Big Creek, an impor-
tant stream in the early history of the county,
forms the boundary on the northeast corner,
but receives no affluent from this territory.
In the vicinity of Mill and Big Creeks the
timber early gained the ascendency and
clothed the somewhat broken land adjoining
these streams with a heavy forest growth, but
elsewhere the township v?as generally covered
with an almost impenetrable undergrowth of
willow, hazel, and blackjack, while here and
there, towering above the underbrush, an oc-
casional >hag-bark hickory flaunted its lofty
top. This formed a paradise for wild or
" Congress hogs " as they were called, narrow
paths of which ramified this dense copse.
Cattle early learned to find their way here to
pick the young prairie grass that was found
here and there in the open glades. Durino-
the first half of the year the unfortunate fron-
tiersman, who found himself here by accident
or in quest of stock, was obliged to wade in
about six inches of water which covered the
ground with disagreeable uniformity. Later
in the year the surplus moisture drained and
dried off, and here and there the sunny ex-
posures bore considerable quantities of deli-
cious wild strawberries that attracted the early
settlers from the older towns of York and
Darwin, and game of all sorts recognizing
here a natural retreat, made it an attractive
resort for the hunter.
The location of the National Road tluouoh
294
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
this township in 18:27, gave to this locality a
partially redeeming feature, but at that time
failed to excite mnch interest in it as an eli-
gible site for land entries. If the county
records may be relied upon, Reason Wiley
did enter 100 acres on the-west half of section
two, and in the following year Mecom Maine
made another entry on the east half of the
northeast quarter of the same section, but
these entries were evidently made more with
reference to the quality of land, in that vi-
cinity and the milling facilities likely to be
afforded by Big Creek than any belief in the
future of the township. In the meanwhile,
the county seat which had been fi.xed at Au-
rora in Darwin Township was, a few years
later, removed to Darwin village, and the
foreshadow of coming events plainly indi-
cated that it must be again removed nearer
to the center of the county, the limits of
which had been permanently defined. The
importance of the National Road made it
certain that some part of Marshall would
proiiably be chosen as the site for the per-
manent seat of justice, and the moneyed
men of the older settlements were look-
ino- forward to discover the probable point
with a view to speculation. This state of
affairs culminated in 1835, and hundreds of
acres were entered here in this year, princi-
pallv by those who were residents in Darwin
and York. The more significant of these were
the entries of William B. Archer and Gov. J.
Duncan on sections 13 and 24. Others fol-
lowed rapidly in the succeeding years so that
if each entry had represented an actual settler
the township would have been thickly popu-
lated by 1840, as the following list of entries
to that date wiil show. In 1837, entry was
made on section 2, by Reason Wiley; on the
same section in 1828, by Mecom Maine; in
1831, by Thos. Carey on section 31; in 1833,
by Thos. Wilson on section 2; and in the
same year on section 32, by John Craig. In
1835, the following entries appear: Jno. B.
Stockwell and Orlando B. Ficklin on section
31, Wm. P. Twilley on section 28, John R ggs
and Cornelius Lamb on section 25, Mdton
Lake, Steven Archer, and Dr. Wm. Tutt on
section 24, J. Duncan and W. B. Archer, and
David A. Pritchard on section 13. In 183fj,
entry was made by Wm. C. Blundell, Abram
Washburn, Abel English and Jonathan Jones
on section 1; by Woodford Dulaney and W^.
B. Archer on section 13; by Oliver Davis on
section 19; by Albert B. Kitchell on section
21; by William Sullivan et al. on section 23;
by Jacob and Justin Harlan on section 23;
by Jno. Bartlett on section 25; by John Hol-
lenbeck on section 27; by George B. Rich-
ardson, Jno. Houston and Wickliffe Kitchell
on section 28; by Thos. Weathers and Jno.
McManus on section 29; by A. Davis and
Abraham Lewis on section 30; by P. and
Geo. Thatcher on section 31; by Wm. Craig
on section 32; by Levi Stark on section 33;
bv Win. Bartlett and Wm. McKean on sec-
tion 3G. In 1837, on section 1, entry was
made by Henry Cole, Michael Ripple, Samuel
Galbreath and Jno. Beiers; on section 2, by
Zachariah Wood; on section 9, by Jas. B.
Anderson; on section 13, by Washington
Cole and Hugh Malone; on section 14, by S.
D. Handy; on section 15, by Wm. Keichum;
ou section 17, by Robert Mitchel; on section
19, by Hayward Davis; on section 22, by
Jno. Thompson; on section 24, by Richard
Grace; on section 28, by E. L. Janney; on
section 30, by J. C. Hillebert, and on section
34, by Vincent Handy. In 1838, entry was
made on section 2, by Robert Ash more; on
section 7, by Richard Airey; on section 9, by
Stephen Lee; on section 12, by Jas. McKay
and O. H. P. Miller; on section 13, by
Michael Meeker; on section 17, by Cor-
nelius Sullivan; on section 20, by Jno. Combs
and Jno. B. Mitchel; on section 21, by Jas.
L. Clark; on section 22, by Darius Phillips,
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
295
Fred Quick and Joel Vansant; on section 23,
by Caleb Philips; on section 25, by Wm.
Harbcrt; on section 29, by Elza Neal; on
section 30, by Win. Fanbush; on section
'■^1, by Zach. Henry; and on section 33, by
Wesley and Enoch Lee, and Matthew Cleave-
land. In 1839, on section 9, entry was made
bj- William King; on section 1-1, by Relly
Madison; on section 18, by Richard Clapp;
on section 19, by Peter Weaver; on section
2], by Leonard Unibarger and Philip Smith;
on section 27, by Lewis Hufl'; on section 30,
by Christian Orendorflf, Jno. A. and Peter
Fredenberg; on section 31, by Henry Jeffers;
on section 32, by An<lrew Fleming, Calvin
Bennett and George White; on section 33,
by Archibald Irwin; and on section 3-1, by
Jno. W. Bailor and Isaac W. JIartin.
This list represents some ninety-five fami-
lies, but ;i large number of them were non-
residents of this county, and a still larger
number either never lived in the township or
did not come here until some time later than
the date of these entries, and at the begin-
ning of 1840 it is doubtful if there were
more than thirty- families living within the
present limits of Marshall Township.
The first actual settlement was probably
made in February, 1830, by Wm. George.
But little is known of him. He was first
found oil The eastern limit of the present
village, near the line of the National Road.
He never entered land, but simply "squatted"
on the first available spot, with no definite
intention, but simply to see what would turn
up. He had a considerable family which he
made comfortable as circumstances would
allow ill a three-sided log structure, covered
and banked about with the coarse prairie hay
■which he had cut for the purpose. On tiie
open side of bis structure was built a large
fire, which served to keep off the damp,
chilly air, and facilitate such "culinar\' at-
tempts as the support of the family made
necessary. He did not stay here long. At-
tracted by the brighter prospects on Big
Creek, the family soon moved there, and a
little later went to Texas. In May, of 18 0,
Abram Washburn came to near the western
limit of the site of the present village. He
was a native of Ohio, and came by way of
the river to Shawneetowii; from this point he
went into the country near the town and took
up some land, where he lived for some nine
years. About 1830, hoping to get employ-
ment on the National Road, and at the same
time secure a more healthful place to live, he
came to this locality. He came in the usual
covered wagon, and came to a halt near the
site of McKeairs residence west of the vil-
lage. Pitching out such things as would
bear exposure to the weather, he prepared a
bed for the older children on the ground under
the wagon, while the parents and the younger
ones occupied the shelter of the vehicle. A
log cabin was soon put up, where the parents
and six children found a comfortable home.
Washburn obtained work upon the National
Road, and subsequently found it convenient
to change his residence to the east side of the
site of the present village. While engaged
on the public works he had neither time nor
inclination to make any permanent improve-
ments. A garden was cultivated for the fam-
ily's supply of vegetables, but the land
proved so poor that but little could be pro-
duced, and resort was had to the 'rotted turf
which had been thrown off the line of the
public road, as fertilizer. Washburn subse-
quently entered land on section 1, on which
he moved and lived until his death.
A very early settler, and of whom but
little is known, was Mecom Maine. He en-
tered land on spotion 2, in Marshall Town-
ship, as early as 1828. He came from New
York, and was probably in the county about
the time he made his entr\' of land, but being;
a quiet man, and occupied with the cares of
296
HISTORY OF CLARK COL'XTY.
a Trontier farm, he left but little impress
upon the community which gathered there
He stayer] here but a short time, and left for
Texas before others of his family came to
this locality, although he was entrusted to
select lands for them.
Thomns Wilson was another early settler in
this vicinity. He was an Irishman, and made
a characteristic settlement in the northern
part of the township, which was popularly
known as Whiskeyville. He put up one of
the earliest saw-mills on tiie fork of Big
Creek, where, in a little log structure, he did
business when the state of the water per-
mitted. He remained about here but a few
years when he went to Florida. In IS'Si
John Craig settled on section 32, and soon
after put up a saw-mill on Mill Creek, wliioh
furnished some material to the contractors on
the National Road. In this year, also, Wm.
C. Blundell came here. He was a preacher
in the Methodist church, and made several
improvements about the country, but sold
one after the other, moving about from place
to place. He entered land on section 1 in
1836. but did not move onto the place. He
spent most of his residence in the county
within the limits of Wabash Township,
preaching on the circuit which was assigned
him. In 1836, Abel English, a native of Xew
Jersey, came to Marshall, and entered land
on section 1. In the following year, in
company with a man by the name of Hick-
man, who caine with or soon after him, from
New Jersey, be put up a combined saw and
grist mill.
The first settlement on the present site of
the village of Marshall was made in 183(3. In
January of this year the Legislature passed
an act to remove the county seat from Darwin
to some point on the National Road. The
growing demand was that it should be located
near the center of the population which would
eventually fill the county, and this act of the
Legislature had been anticipated by the people
for several years. But which should be the
favored site was a question which aroused the
liveliest competition among the friends of the
various eligible points. In October, 1831,
R. A. Ferguson had platted the village of
Livingstone in the western part of what is
now Wabash Township, on the National Road,
and lots in this village, a little later, sold at
fabulous prices. In September, 1833, Thomas
Carey laid off the little village of Careyford
on the east half of the northeast quarter of
section 31, and on the west half of the north-
west quarter of section 33, in town 11 north,
range 12 west. This plat exhibits simply a
row of lots on either side of the Cumberland
Road with Mill Creek dividing it in nearly
equal parts. Its founder was a native of
New York and came early to Danville in this
State, with an ox team. He was really a res-
ident of Edgar County but attracted by the
opportunity for speculation he came to this
locality, and entered land in 1831. He had a
contract on the road, part of the time in part-
nership with James Whitlock, and built on
the site of his village a large hotel for the
accommodation of his hands and such travel-
ing guests as found it convenient to use
it. In Novem')er, 1836, Orlando B. Flcklin,
Deinas Ward and Jonathan N. Rathbone laid
off the village of Auburn, about a mile west
of Careyford. This was a more aml)itious
venture than the latter village, and was an
open competitor for the prize to be awarded
by the Legislative Commission. With the
exception of Rathbone, the proprietors were
non-residents of the county and entered into
the matter as a speculation. Ficklin was a
man of ability and influence, and entered into
the contest with some assurance of success.
A square in the center of the pla,t was reserved
for the erection of county buildings, though
it was wisely provided that in the event of
the county seat being placed elsewhere, this
HISTORY OF CLARK COUXTY.
2)9
square should be devoted to the use of the
public as a park or coramon. In October,
ISoJ, Marshall was pliitted on parts ol" sections
i;5 and '-li: iu town 11 north, range 12 west,
by J. Duncan and W. B. Archer. The g-round
selected was hiffh and covered bv a forest
growth which oiFered the least obstacles to
niakinu; it habitable, but it had the disadvan-
tage, owing to the character of the soil, of be-
ing wet and as forbidding in appearance as
its most determined opponents could wish.
It was situated considerably east of the geo-
graphical center of the county as well, but
(lie contest was likely to be decided more by
the strength of the battalions than the just-
ness of the cause and these matters proved of
minor consideration. A bill was passed by
the Legislature iu .January, 1S3G, to change
the county seat from Darwin to some point on
tlie National Road nearer the center of the
county, and appointed Gen. Wm. F. Thornton,
AVm. Prentiss, and John Hendrix of Shelby
County, and Charles Emerson and Wra. Red-
dick of Macon County, as commissioners to fix
upon the site. But four of the commissioners
appeared upon the ground, and these were
divided evenly in their choice between Mar-
shall and Auburn. The matter was again re-
ferred to the Legislature, and an act submit-
ting the whole question to the people was
passed. By this act it was provided that the
people of the county should vote on the ques-
tion of moving the county seat and if this was
carried in the affirmative, they should again
vote upon the question of the place. The
two factions uniting upon the first question
ha 1 no difficulty in out-voting the Darwin
adherents, but upon the second Question the
contest was not so uneven. The adherents of
Auburn hail in the meanwhile been reinforced
by J. C. Hillebert, a man of considerable
■weath living in York, who secured an impor-
tant share in the plat and lands lying near it.
He was, however, of a cautious disposition
and not so generous in the expenditure of
money as the case seemed to demand. Col.
Archer, on the other hand, was a man of con-
siderable wealth, a memlier of the Legislature,
and possessed of large influence in the com-
munity in which he lived. He was of Irish
extraction, born in Scott County, Kentucky,
from whence he had gone with his father to
Ohio, and with him, in 1817, came to Darwin.
He early interested Joseph Duncan, who was
Governor of the State in 1S3G, in his scheme,
and bent all his influence and energies in
promoting tlie success of this venture. After
platting the town he secured a valuable be-
ginning of the new community, in th*- settle-
ment of John Bartlett and .lanijs Wliitloak.
The latter was especially serviceable in the
spirited "• electioneering" which preceded the
final vote in 183^. Social entertainments were
a part of the means empiojed to captivate the
voters, and Whitlock " kept open house " in
ttio new brick building into which he hadjust
then moved. Here on Saturday night was
held a weekly soiree to which the invitations
were verj- generally extended. A piano was
a part of Mr. Whitlock's furniture, a very rare
sight in this country at that tima, and the
ladies of the family devoted themselves to
the entertainment of their guests. It is said
that the ladies' influence was no mean factor
in the contest, and the Auburn adherents
were wont to say that some of their opponents
thought ^Yhitlock's parlor was a type of
heaven. At Careyford there was a dance
continuing through three days, it is said, but
it availed nothing. The election was held in
July or August of 1837, and decided in favor
of Marshall by a majority of eighty-one votes.
This decision assured the eventual success of
Archer's venture though it still required a
good deal of attention to make it profitable
as there was no small expense involved in
300
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
t!io strutjgle beside the payment of five thou-
sand dollars, which was one of the conditions
of the removal.
Early in 1836, Col. Archer had induced his
hrother-in-law, John Bartlett to come to Mar-
shall, and put up and conduct a hotel. Bart-
lett was a native of New York and had come
to Walnut prairie in 1817, but tired of coun-
try life had determined to go to Chicago
and cast in his fortunes with that growing
village. He had gone so far in his prepara-
tions as to rent a house there, when Archer
took him in hand and demonstrated the supe-
rior advantages of Marshall. At all events,
Bartlett came here in April of 1836, and
erected a double log-house on the east end of
the lot on which the residence of Mrs. Gieen-
ough now stands. The buildins: was formed
of hickory logs, which being cut at the right
time peeled oti their barU giving the structure
a unique and attractive appearance. It fronted
on Market street, and had three rooms, each
opening by a door upon a porch which ran
the whole leiia-th of the building. At this
time the national road was in process of con-
struction through the county. Through the
village it had been graded and finished, but
ill the near vicinity large forces of workmen
were employed, and these men, with the
through travel which began to bo a prominent
factor iu the western communities, brought
considerable revenue to this wayside inn.
The corps of Government engineers en-
gaged on the road made this point their
head-quarters, and were tlie guests of the ho-
tel for upward of three years, while the in-
crease of transient business made it soon nec-
essary to erect a long building on the west
side of the lot for their accommodation. The
second building erected iu the new village
was a Lirge frame stable, 43 by 113 feet, which
was placed on ttie corner of Market and
Franklin streets, where Archer Bartlett's lum-
ber-yard now is; and the capacity of this
spacious building was frequently taxed to its
utmost to afford accommodations for the horses
of the hotel guests. Here Mr. Bart ett did a
thriving business for years, the morning bills
amounting from fifteen to fifty, and not un-
frequently reaching one hundred dollars in
amount. A little later in this year a second
and important addition was made to the com-
munity started here, in the family of Jas.
Whitlock. He was a native of Richmond,
Va., and came to Jonesboro, in this State,
about 1825. After remaining a year or two
at this place he removed to Vandal ia, then
the site of the State capital. Here his ability
obtained recognition and he was soon elected
to the Legislature wiiere, after serving two
or three terms, he was appointed as registrar
of the first land-olBce opened in Chicago.
He performed the duties of this office but a
short time, however, when his eyes failed him,
and attracted in some way by the growing
prospects of Marshall, lie bought a stock of
dry-goods and came at once to the new vil-
lage. The site was certainly not the most
attractive for business enterprises of this sort.
The most of the large trees had been cut off
the plat, but the streets and lots, which were
marked by the surveyor's stakes, were only
to be discovered by a careful search among
the luxuriant under-brush. The only build-
ings were the deserted cabin of Washburn,
west of the village site, the cabin on the east
of the town, which Washburn then occupied,
and the hotel buildings. But unstinted hos-
pitality was the virtue of the age, and Bart-
lett did not hesitate to take in even a drv-
goods store. One of the rooms of the hotel
was at once fitted up for tiie purposes of a
store, and here Whitlock opened up his
stock. In the following year he put up a
one-story brick building, which is still stand-
ing on the corner of Franklin and Cumber-
land streets, and to this he transferred his
family and business.
HISTORY OF CLARK COUXTY.
301
Tho early settlomcnt of Marshall village
was of a peculiar character, and is not easily
traced after the lapse of upward of fifty
years. Its only attraction was the fact that
it had been fixed upon as the county seat,
and niuiy, whose business made it a Ivisabie
to remove here, did so witli grim forebodings
of finding it a hard place in which to live.
At the first sale of lots, in 1835, a consider-
able number were disposed of at prices rang-
ing from ten to one hundred dollars; but
many of these were bought to await tho issue
of the venture, and did not represent any
immediate growth of the village. When the
final choice was made, a new element entered
into the question and brought a number of
families of considerable property, which
greatly aided in advfincing the interests of
the village. During the year or more which
])r((ceded this decision, however. Col. Archer,
who retained his home in Uarwin, spent
much of his time about the new village, and
turned every favorable circumstance to its
advantage. At that time the national road
was tho principal line of travel to the West,
and scarcely a day passed that did not find
some family journeying in the characteristic
wagon, in search of a home in tiie new coun-
try. A large part of this class of travelers
were moving in an aimless way, with no defi-
nite destination in mind. Where the locality
suited their fancy they were prepared to halt
and build a home, and there was nothing in
the character or custom of the country which
rendered this an unsuccessful method. Col.
Archer was on the alert for such emigrants,
and some of the earliest and valuable citizens
of Marshall were of this class. Among the
first of these itinerants to come under Col.
Archer's persuasive influence was Thomas
Henderson. He was on his way with his fam-
ily to the West, and being a carpenter by
trade, he was lured by the prospect of cm-
jiloyment in the now town to slop licie.
James Pounds was another mechanic that
came here early. He was a brick-layer and
came as early as 1S37, finding plenty of work
on the new buildings which were rapidly con-
structed during the first years of the new
town.
Thomas B. Wilson, who is not to be con-
founded with another early settler of a sim-
i ar name, came here as early as 1836. He
too was on his way west with his family, in
company with bis son-in-law, Paul Dennis.
They were induced to settle here, Dennis put-
ting up a cabin just north of the site of the
new jail building, and his father-in-law erect-
ing a shed building on the present site of the
jail. The latter building was constructed of
j)oles covered with clapboards and with a flat
roof, with just inclination enough i[i one di-
rection to carry off the rainfall, the inside
being innocent of lath and plaster. Wilson
was a stone mason and plasterer, a native of
New York, and a man of good intelligence.
He built a stone wall around the square on
which the St. James hotel is situated, for
Col. Archer, the remains of which still
stand to attest his workmanship. Other early
mechanics who came in through Col. Ar-
cher's influence, were James Matthews, Wil-
lard Center, carpenters, and Linda Patterson,
a blacksmith. The latter was probably the
first of his trade here, and a son born to him
here is said to be the first birth in the town-
ship. Eiza Neal was the first wagon maker,
and came here from Bruceville, Ind., in 1837.
His residence was on the site of his widow's
present residence on Hamilton street, his shop
occupying the site of the stable just east of
his house and near the line of the railroad.
A Mr. Woodward was also an early settler
who had his residence on Franklin street just
north of Whitlock's brick buildirjg. He was
a man of the most pronounced Yankee type
and early turned his attention to general
teaming. His team is described as a paii- of
3(12
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
uriJer-fed and under-sized horses of the most
dejected appearance, but with these disad-
vantages able to do good service, and Wood-
ward and his team were long counted one of
the regular institutions of the new town.
The proprietor of the town early caused
several small cabins to be erected in different
parts of the village, which served to afford a
home to such useful nieml)ers of society as
were not able to buy a lot or put up a cabin,
and many of these early mechanics moved
into them, eventually fiuj-ing them or build-
ing elsewhere. With the removal of the
court and county offices to Marshall, a num-
ber of well-to-do citizens from other parts of
the county came to town. Among these were
Steven Archer, a brother of the proprietor)
vviio settled just south of the village on what
is now known as the Park farm; Woodford
Dulaney wlio built the house now occupied by
T. F. Day near the public sciiool building;
Uri Manley, who was then circuit clerk and
probate justice of the peace; Darius Phillip,
county clerk, and Justin Harlan, circuit
judge, though he did not come until Decem-
ber of 1839.
Business was not more backward in coming
to the new center of activity. One of the
earliest places of business was opened in
1836, on the northeast corner of Cumberland
and Franklin streets, by Jack Hadden. This
man had been working on the road, and con-
cluding that the founduig of the village was
a propitious opening for a business venture,
put in a little stock of whisky and to!)acco.
This enterprise preceded the coming of Whit-
lock's store, but did not last long. Early in
the same year James Waters, a merchant in.
Darwin, sent his clerk, Western Chinneworth
with a stock of goods and occupied the Ijuild-
ing which Hadden had used. A little later
in the year James Anderson, a brother-in-law
of Waters, purchased the stock and moved to
Marshall, building a little frame residence in
the northeast part of the town. Anderson
was a native of Ireland, and when four ^-ears
of age was brought to New York. In 1S"20
he came to Darwin and married a daughter of
McCiure, an early settler of that place. He
carried on the store in Marshall for several
years when he sold out to McKay and Eld-
ridge, and went to Andi-rson township to en-
gage in milling. About 1838, Col. Archer
started a store in a story and a half frame
building on the southwest corner of these
streets. His brother Steven attended to the
business for a time, but it was soon disposed
of to a man by the name of Scott, who in
turn sold to Rowley and Davidson. Jonathan
Greenough early became identified with the
business of the new community. He was a
lieutenant in the army and was assigned to
duty on the National Road as assistant pay-
master. He acted in this capacity for a year
or more, when he was ordered to take charge
of the post of St. Peters in the northwest.
He had served at this post and had found the
severity of the weather a serious tax upon
his health, and after remonstrances proved
unavailing he sent in his resignation. He
married a daughter of Mr. Wliitlock, and en-
gaged in business with his father-in-law. He
sulisequently became sole proprietor and af-
terward formed a copartnership with Beebe
Booth, of Terre Haute. The Coles family
were early residents of Marshall. Harry
Cole lived on the Cumberland road about a
mile east of the village as early as 1836, and
he, with his brothers, David, Edwin and
Jerome, who first settled at Livingstone came
to Marshall soon after its beginning. They
were among the early carpenters, David,
however, starting up the first saloon in a little
frame building, scarcely larger than eight by
ten feet in size, located on the southeast cor-
ner of Cum'^erland and Hamilton streets.
John B. King was a tailor and settled in
M: rs'iall in 1836 or 1837. He built a house on
HIS-TOUY OF CLAKK COUNTY.
3J3
the north side of Cumberhiiul street, west of the
public square. He liad a little money and con-
siderable enterprise, and built several houses
in that vicinity, which he disposed of one after
another to the new settlers as they came in.
He finally moved his shop into a little frame
built by Manly on the site of B shop's gro-
cery on the south side of the square. Here
he established a flourishing business, for
though the citizens were satisfied to wear
home-made clothes during the week, the most
of them soon aspired to fine suits for Sunday
and gala occasions.
Among the professional men who came
here early was Uri Jlanly. His duties about
the court made it necessary for him to live at
the county seat, and he came to Marshall in
1837. He purchased lots on the south side
of the square, and, beside the building used
by King, he erected another frame, just west
of that, in which the second term of court
was held, and a brick residence on the
southeast ' corner of Clinton and Market
streets. He was afterward appointed post-
master, opening the first office in the village
in his residence, but afterward transferring it
to the frame building used by the court,
where he added a small stock of goods, in
partnership with Thos. Henderson. The
first physician here was, pro iiably. Dr. Alli-
son, who put up a small frame where Foster's
shoe store now stands, on the north side of the
square. Another early doctor was William
Tutt. He came from Virginia to York,
where he married and practiced until about
1838, when he came to Marshall. Dr. Poole
came a few years later, and bought the frame
of a building which stood on the northeast
corner of Clinton and Cumberland streets.
The origin of this building, which was stand-
ing in a shattered condition in 1838, has been
forgotten, but it was eventually repaired and
completed into a residence by Dr. Poole, and
subsequently occupied by him.
Of the industries to which the necessities
of the situation in a new country give rise,
milling played a prominent part in Marshall
Township. Big Creek had several mills on
its banks, but the elbow which touches the
northeast corner of this township was espe-
cially adapted to this purpose. A combined
saw and grist mill was erected on the stream
near the line of Douglas Township, by Bur-
well, Sharpe and Blaize, about 1830. The
buhrs were made of " nigger-head" stones
that were found in the creek. Before the
mill was completed, however, a difficult)'
arose between Blaize and Sharpe, which re-
sulted in the latter being shot and killed.
Blaize at once fled the country, followed
soon after by the friends of Sharpe, intent
upon inflicting- dire vengeance upon him.
Though very often close upon his trail, the
pursuers, after a vain efifort of some six months,
gave up the chase somewhere in the wilds of
Arkansas. Blaize never returned to this re-
gion but once afterward, and then soon found
it expedient to leave. Alter this sad affair
Burwell ran the mill for some time, when he
sold it to Nance, after whose death it was
rented. Subsequently, David Coles, marry-
ing Nance's daughter, finally came into pos-
session of the mill, but more modern and
better located mills came in, and this one,
with all the early mills passed away. An-
other mill of this character was put up near
where the railroad crosses Big Creek, by En-
glish and Hickman. This was a frame struct-
ure, and had buhrs made of raccoon stone,
quarried near Dayton, Ohio, from whence
they were transported by an ox team. This
was built in 1837, and was an improvement
on others, but it soon gave way to those of
modern construction. Soon after this, about
1839, Philip B. Smith put up a corn-cracker
on the southeast corner of Bond and Market
streets. It was a very rude afiair, and %vas
propelled by tread power. A broad, solid
304
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
wieel was so placed upon a perpendicular
axle, as to incliue slightly, and upon this sur-
face, furnished with cleats, horses or oxen
tramped and gave motion to the machinery,
which was geared to the axle. But the miller
only supplied the mill, and many who had no
team were forced to send their wheat and
corn twenty-five miles away to get flour and
meal; and this was, for those who could afford
the time and trouble, much the better way,
as the product was of a far superior cpiality.
In 1839, Frederick Craiglow started a tannery
in the west part of town, on the Cumberland
road. It was never a large business nor a
complete success, though the proprietor strug-
gled on with it for some four years. At the
end of that time he closed out the business
and went to St. Louis.
With all this growth and activity, which as-
sumes larger proportions in the recital than in
the actual exi)erience, the community which
gathered in this township was essentially on
the frontier at the time of which the forego-
ing pages are written. While not so com-
pletely isolated as the early settlements of
Darwin and York, or the earlier settlements in
this State, the people experienced many of
the hardships and discomforts incident to fron-
tier settlements. For the first year or two
the nearest post-office was at Livingstone, and
supplies were secured at Terre Haute or the
stores at the older towns on the east side of
the county. Mills were early built near by,
but from lack of power or adequate machin-
ery most of the flour and meal was obtained
only by going long distances and enduring
tedious delays. Outside the town, in the
farming district, the settlement was of slow
growth, the village seeming to absorb the
greater part of the floating population. Here
and there the smoke curled upward in the air
from the scattered log cabins, and the busy
pioneer protracted the day long into the night
in clearing up his farm.
Deer were shot in large numbers, while
wolves, panthers, " Congress hogs," an occa-
sional bear, and the whole class of small
game that is found in this section, affoi'ded
wholesome meals or rare hunting sport. The
distance from any market was long felt among
the farming community, and did much to re-
tard its growth and early prosperity.
The original settlers were principally ni-
tives of the Southern States and brought with
them many social characteristics peculiar to
that section. Saturday afternoons was a gen-
eral holiday in the countrj', on which the
farmers repaired to the village. There was
then a series of amusements which included
impromptu horse races, wrestling and jumping
matches, quoit-pitching, and fighting. But
comparatively few in the community had
scruples against the use of whisky, and
strong potations tended to mike the fun fast
and furious. A numi)erof saloons sprang up
in the new town and throve under the gener-
ous patronage which, reacting upon the com-
munity, gave the village an unenviable re|)u-
tation. " Free and easys " were a peculiar
type of amusement which obtained a certain
popularity here. The plan was for a party of
men or boys to get up a supper consisting
of chicken, whisky, bread, etc. These sup-
plies were secured by the " free and easy "
appropriation of the materials for the supper
in the absence of the owner, and cooked and
eaten in the woods or at some private resi-
dence. The ladies of the community in-
dulged in the usual quilting and spinning
bees, with the " gentlemen in attendance
after tea." The polite society of Marshall en-
couraged and supported a dancing school
over which Captain Tift presided and for
which Whaley furnished the music. Tift was
a popular teacher of the Terpsichorean art
and had successful schools in various parts of
the country around, and finally died " with
his harness on," in a ball-room.
CHAPTER IX.
THE CITY OF MARSHALL-THE PLAT AND SUBSEQUENT ADDITIONS— OFF FCIAL ORGAN-
IZATION AND PROGRESS— INTERNAL IMPROVEMENT^-— BUSINESS GROWTH—
NEWSPAPERS— SCHOOLS AND CHURCHES— SECRET AND BENEV-
OLENT ORDERS, ETC., ETC.
ON September 22, 1835, Colonel W. B. Ar-
cher issued a circular announcing the
laying out of " The Town of Marshall," and
the approaching sale of lots therein. In this
he says: "This is a new town laid" off on
the National Road, where the Vincennes and
Chicago State Road crosses the former on
Section 13, Township 11 north, Range 12 west,
in Clark County, and is situated fifty-five
miles north of Vincennes, sixteen miles from
York and ten miles from Darwin; south of
Paris fifteen miles, and fifty miles from Dan-
ville, sixteen miles west of Terre Haute.
" It is decidedly the handsomest site for a
town between Terre Hnute and Vandalia, sur-
rounded by good second rate land, a sufficient
amount of timber, and the best of stone for
bulldinci, and it may be truly said, that no
point in this section of country has proven
more healthy. The confirmed opinion of
those on the National Road is that this selec-
tion xcill he healthy.
"The north and south road has been opened
by the proprietors from Big Creek to Walnut
Prairie, and can be traveled with convenience
and when a permanent road shall be made, it
will not vary from the present line. Mills
are convenient.
" The question of the removal of the seat of
*By J. H. Battle.
justice from Darwin has been agitated, and
when finally acted upon, it is not improbable
that the people of the county may find it
convenient and to their interest to place the
permanent seat of justice for the county at
the Crossroads. The land is owned by Joseph
Duncan and the subscriber, and a clear title.
A sale of lots will take place on the 17th of
October next, and terms of payment will be
easy. The most liberal encouragement will
be given to mechanics and others who will
improve."
In this statement the strong points are
probably marked by the italic which appear
in the oricfinal document, and while nothinar
is said of the extraordinary development of
the " Craw-fish chimneys " to be found here,
the salient points of the location are not un-
fairly presented. The plat of the town thus
referred to was filed for record in October,
IbioD, and was bounded and divided by the
following streets, beginning on the west side:
West, Clinton, Hamilton, Fraidclin, Washing-
ton, Jefferson, Fulton, Henry and East. Be-
ginning on the north side the streets follow
in order: North Green, Mechanic, Cumber-
land, Market and South. Michigan street,
now principally occupied by the Wabash Rail-
road, passes through the plat in a nearly due
north direction, cutting the plat diagonally.
The references attached to the record set forth:
306
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
" 1st. The town of Marshall is situated and
located on the south half of section number
13, and the north half of section number 24,
in township number 11 north, of range I'i
west, in Clark County, and State of Illinois.
2d. Cumberland street, through which the
National Road passes, is one hundred feet
wide, ten feet on each side of the National
Road being added for sidewalks, and bears
south fifty-eight degrees west, by the mag-
netic needle, to the west line of blocks, where
it boars more west as will appear by the
length of the lots. Michigan street is eighty
feet wide and bears north, six degrees west.
All other streets in the town, including the
border streets, are sixty-six feet wide. Each
and every alley is twenty- five feet wide. All
the streets and alle3'S, Michigan street ex-
cepted, run parallel or at rigiit angles with
Cumberland street. 3d. Each lot where the
squares are regular, is sixtj'-six feet front,
and 123 feet in length, and when they are
fractional or overrun, the size will be seen
on the plat in feet marked in figures. 4th.
Square number 5 is given and donated for
educational purposes whereon to erect a col-
lege. Lots five and six C)f square number
fifteen, is given and donated for religious
purposes whereon to erect a meeting house.
Lot number one, and fractional lot number
two, of square number three, are given and
donated for educational purposes whereon to
erect a school-house for the benefit of the
citizens north of the National Road. Lots
number 7 and 8, of square number 38, are
given and donated for educational purposes
whereon to erect a school-house for the bene-
fit of citizens south of the National Road.
5th. The north half, or lots 1, 3, 3 and 4, of
square number 35, is given and donated for
ground or space whereon to erect a Market
House."
The qualifications set forth in the circular
quoted were sufficient at that time to bring
together a very respectable oompanj' of pur-
chasers, and on the day appoi:itod the sale
proceeded with considerable animation, some
seventy-five lots being disposed of, principally
to residents of the county. No donation had
been made at that time for the county public
buildings, but it was generally known that
block 36 would be the location fixed upon,
should occasion for its use arise. In any
event it would probably be a public square,
and naturally form the business center of the
town. The crossing of Cumberland and
Michigan streets, the National and State
roads, divided the choice of buyers for busi-
ness sites, and about those two locations lots
were considered the more valuable. Beside
the lots donated as noted in the record of the
plat, block 2G was reserved, together with
lots 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, in block 20; lots 7 and 8
in block 21; lots 4 and 5 in block 22; and
lots 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 in block 28. The reserva-
tion of these lots indicates Archer's idea of
where the business center of the town would
be likely to form. There is no evidence of
the competition which was manifested in se-
curing the various lots save in the variation
of prices paid for them, and this is an uncer-
tain guide, as the situation and condition of
the lot, considerations long since in operation,
probably had a very large influence in deter-
mining their value at that date. In block 21,
which forms the northwest corner of Wash-
ington and Cumberland streets, lot 1 was sold
to Michael B. Thorn, for $12.50; lot 5, to James
B. Anderson, for S71.50; and lot G, to Stephen
Archer, lor $40. In block 22, just west of the
preceding block, on the north side of Cum-
berland street, lots 1 and 2 were sold to
Robert Kirkham, for $30 each; lots Sand 6,
for -SS and 830 respectively, to .Joseph Shaw;
in block 23, lots 1 and 2, for $10 and $8.50,
to James Waters; lot 4, to Arthur Foster, for
$10.50; and lots 7 and 8, for $33 and $20, to
Woodford D. Dulaney. In block 24, lot 1,
UltiTOIiY OF CLAKK COUNTY.
307
to the Siime person, for §12; lot 4, to Isaao
Kilso, lor $17; lot 5, ta Jacob Johnston, lor
S35..")0; lot 7, to Win. McKcan, for $2G; and
o 8, to Dulanej-, for $oO. In block 27, lot
5 was S(-)lil to Isaac Keiso, for $12; lot U,
for $7.."0, to Nathaniel Washburn. The
only lot sold in block 28 was lot G, which
fell to Dulaney, for $29. In block 29,
lots 3 and 4 were sold respectively for $30
and S!7S, to .lames Waters; lot 5, to Kelso, for
§21.50; lot 8, for §20, to William Leatherman.
In block 30, lots 2 and 3 wore sold for §23.50
and §22.50, to James W. Waters; lots 4 and
5, for §23.50 and §16.50, to Geo. Armstrong.
In block .31, lot 1 was sold to Jacob Johnston,
for §21, and lot 4, in block 32, was sold to
Waters for the same price. Lots 4, 5 and 6,
in block 37, were sold for §20.50, §7, and §10,
respectively, to Dulaney; and in block 3S,
lot 3 was sold for §9, to Wra. Forsythe; and
lots 4 and 5, for §10.25 and §7, to John Ri^■g.^.
Other ])urchases were located on blocks 9, 10,
11, 12, 13, 17, 18 and 20, and ranged from §5,
])aid for lot 1, in l)lock 18, b}' Milton Lsiko, to
§78, paid by Waters, and §71, paid Iiy Ander-
son. The largest nuniberof lots were bought
by Dulaney who paid- an» aggregate of
§203.50 for fifteen lots. The aggregate sales
amounted to §1,154.25, and were made to
about thirty individuals.
It will be observed that among the pur-
chasers at this sale there were but few who
came here before the removal of the county
seat to this place was determined, and some
who did not come even then. During the
following year, and in 1837 and the early part
of 1838, there was a good demand for the
remaining lots and Col. Archer sold upward
of one hundre 1, principally in single lot sales,
to thosi; who were on the ground to make the
village their home. In the meanwhile prices
had very iionsiderablj' advanced, scarcely any
sales being made at prices below §35, and
others mu h higher. All the lots in block 4
wi>re sold to different persons for §50 each;
those in block 6, from §53 to §05 each, la
block 13, J. K. Dubois paid §75 for lot 3;
for lot 7, in block 17, Jas. Whitlock paid §90;
in the same lilock, lot 8 sold for §100, whilo
lot 6, in block 19, lot 5, in block 33, and lot
8, in block 25, sold for §150 each. Lot 7, in
block 27, and lot 8, in block 12, each sold for
§300; lot 6, in block 23, sold to Benj. F. Alli-
son for §275; lots 1 and 2, in block 27, sold
to David Scott, of Springfield, Ohio, i'or §800,
and lots 1, 3, 3, 4, and 5, in block 38, sold,
with the improvements on them, for §1,500, to
John Bartlett. A few of these prices were
obtained after the final vote on the county seat
question, but the first sale seemed to demon-
strate the success of the town and the price
of property took a permanent advance at
once. In the fall of 1837, encouraged by the
success of his plans Col. Archer laid out the
first addition to the town and submitted it for
record on November 3, 1837. This consisted
of fifty-t\vo squares or blocks located on the
four sides of the original town. On the north
were two ranges of these squares, with thirteen
irregular out lots extending north of these to
the limits of the section lines; on the east and
west sides were two ranges, and on the south
a single range. The new streets thus formed
on the north, running parallel with Cumber-
land street, were Murray and Hudson, with
Daviess on the south. On the west side,
at right angles with the former, were Handy
and Bond streets, and on the east side Ogdeu
and Madison. The blocks were laid out with
four lots each, 133 feet square, save blocks
numbers 1, 16, 17, the squares between Me-
chanic and Market streets, and those south
of town between East and West streets, in
which tiie lots are of irregular sizes. These
lots were easily disposed of during the follow-
ing year or two, and in July of 1839, Mr.
Archer made an addition of seventeen out
lots of various sizes, on the west of Handy
30^
IlISTOltY OF CLAIUv COUNTY.
and north of Daviess streets, lot number
7 of this addition, containing 4 and 9-100
acres, being donated by the proprietor to the
town as a cemetery.
The area thus made a part of the village
satisfied its growth and ambition until Feb-
ruary, 1850, when Woodford D. Dulaney made
an addition on the south side of town
embracing all that part of th.^ west half of the
northeast quarter of the northwest quarter of
section 21. A large part of this was at that
time meadow land and was not opened to the
public until the fall of 1851. This addition
-ncreased the size of the town by seventy-
four lots. May n, 1852, Uri Manley made
an addition consisting of the southwest frac-
tional quarter of section 13 and the east half
of the northwest quarter of section 13. This
was on the north of town, Michigan, or its ex-
tension, Chicago street, forming its eastern
boundary, with Newton and Archer, as inter-
mediate cross streets. In February of the
following year, Stephen Archer made an ad-
dition on the south of Dulaney's addition,
consisting of the west half of the southeast
quarter of section 24, and that part of the east
half of the southwest quarter of the same sec-
tion lying east of the Charleston and Darwin
turnpike. This was divided into sixteen lots
varying in area from three and a fraction to
five and a fraction acres. The last addition was
made by F. R. Payne in 1870, which includes
the square about the depot of the St. Louis,
Vandalia & Terre Haute railroad.
The area of the new town thus had a rapid and
satisfactory growth; but in the meantime its
political organization remained latent, its des-
tiny being shaped by the justice of the peace,
the constable and the supervisor. The prin-
cipal part of the large timber which was orig-
inally sparsely scattered over the site of the
town, had been removed by the proprietors,
an improvement which served but little bet^
ter purpose than to make the under-brush
more apparent. The National Road, which
passed through the village as Cumlierland
street, was neatly graded and in the dry sea-
son pre-ented a handsome appearance. Un-
fortunately the sod, which is counted the
best road-making material, was stripped off
and cast aside by the contractors, and the
sub-soil thus broken up and exposed be-
came, in the wet season, a very quagmire,
through which horsemen were obliged to lead
their floundering animals. Through Michi- ■
gan street passed the State road, which
had been cut out and somewhat traveled,
and though in better condition for a year
or two than the newly made road that
crossed it here, it shared the general fate of
things and was often nearly impassable.
Streets hail only a theoretical existence, but
the irregular paths that led from one neigh-
bor's house to another's, and even the open
lots, only served to swell the aggregate of
mud. It is related of a family, in the early
years of the town, that they undertook to go
to a neighbor's, about three quarters of a
mile away, and were forced to give up the
attempt. They started out on foot, but soon
found it necessaj-y to remove their shoes, and
before accomplishing one half the distance,
they found themselves miring to their knees,
the little ones unable to extricate themselves,
and the older ones completely tired out with
their efforts. This was not an exceptional
case, and as late as 1845, Judge Harlan would
have his black man harness his horses to a
wagon and gather the women of the village
for church service. The town was innocent
of sidewalks, and the wagon drove from the
door-step of the house to the threshold of
the church building, and this was the only
way in which an audience could be secured,
even in times of revival interest. Another
feature which gave the place an unprepos-
sessing appearance, was the absence of wood-
land grasses. Where there was space to
insTOUV OF CLARK COUNTY.
309
stiuiil, the rank, wild srrass of tlio prair es had
t:d':L'M root, and it was not until about 1S40,
wlicn Wocjdiord Dulaney secured a bushel
of bluegrass seed from his native State,
that the village made the first step toward
civilization, and began to make a showing of
tAmv grass. Lots were regularly laid out
at the start; frame and brick buildintrs
early made their appearance; stores, schools
and church influences followed in regular se-
quence, and some attempts had been made
in a private way to secure sidewalks and im-
prove the highways; but just how the town
of 1855 was evolved out of the muddy, back-
woods condition of things at the beginning,
can not be accurately set down; its storj- has
gone into oblivion unhonored and unsung.
A manifest dissatisfaction with the state of
public affairs had been apparent for several
years, when an efifort was made by a few pub-
lic-spirited men to secure a charter of incor-
poration. This was granted by the Legisla-
ture in an act approved February 15, 1855.
Its acceptance was submitted to a vnte of
the people in the following April, when the
question was decided affirmatively and the
following officers elected: Howard Harlan,
mavor, and Wm. C. Eaton, D. A. Critchard,
James ^^'right and John Clark, aldermen.
The act provided that the jurisdiction of the
corporation should extend over " all that dis-
trict of country within the following lim-
its, to-wit: one mile from the public square,
and including all the present additions and
subdivisions to said town, in each direction,
or two miles square, [shall constitute the city
of Marshall],"' — a generous territory for that
time, and which there has since been no oc-
casion to enlarge.
The new rjovernment met for the first time
at the " Wright House," July 7, 1855, and
proceeded to complete their organization by
appointing J. P. Cooper, clerk, J. A. Gossett,
supervisor of streets, Stephei: Archer, as-
sessor, Lyman Booth, treasurer, and Wm. D.
Wilson, marshal. The town was divided into
two wards, all that part north of Cumberland
street to constitute the first ward, and that
part south of the same street to constitute the
second ward, and then followed a code of
corporation laws consisting of thirty-four sec-
tions. By these ordinances, in addition to
regulating the routine of municipal business
and the ordinary police restrictions, it was
provided that the salaries of the city officers
should be as follows: mayor, §50 per annum
and the usual fees pertaining to the judicial
functions of his office; aldermen, each
^1.00 per day for each day's attendance
upon the duties of his office; marshal,
flOO per annum, and such legal fees as
were allowed constables for similar duties;
clerk, $■> 00 for each day's service in dis-
charge of his public duties; assessor, $2.00
for each daj' actually employed; su]jerviscr
$1.50 per day; collector and treasurer, the
usual percentage. It was further provided,
that the city taxes should be collected iu
"gold and silver coin, and city drafts or
orders on the treasurer;" that peddlers, shows
and exhibitions should pay a license fee of
from three dollars to one hundred, in the dis-
cretion of the mayor; and "that if any
person or persons shall barter, exchange, sell,
or give away, within the limits of the incor-
poration of the city of Marshall, any spirituous
or mixed liquor, wine, beer or ale, by less
quantity than one gallon to any person or
persons, at one time, upon conviction thereof,
before the mayor, upon information being
given to him in writing, under oath, bv any
person, shall be fined not less than ten
dollars for the first violation of this ordinance,
and for the second offense, twenty dollars,
and for the third offense, fifty dollars; and for
further violation of this ordinance the house,
place, inclosure, possession and premises,
where the same may be so sold or given away
310
IIlSrOUY OF CLARK COUNTY.
pliall be anil the s^amo is hereby declared a
nuisance, and shall be removed and abated
liy the mayor under the power and authority
o-iven to him under the provisions of the
charter of the city of Marshall."
The municipal board upon which greatness
had thus been thrust, possessed radical, pro-
gressive tendencies, but its influence seems
to have been greatly impaired by legislation
which bore evident marks of its being illy-
considered and much too far in advance of
the sentiment of the community. It was re-
peatedly called upon to correct such manifest
errors as in the original ordinance which re-
quired all male persons above the age of
twenty-one to labor on the streets; to strike
out the nuisance clause of the ordinance reg-
ulating the saloon business; restricting the
operations of the whole ordinance to persons
keeping a place of business for the purpose of
dealing in liquors, etc. There seems to be
little doubt that there was a public demand
for the placing of some restraint upon the
sale of liquors in the town, but the radical
measure instituted at the beginning caused
a reaction and the board was forced to yield
its ground. This subject became a shuttle-
cock which, tossed from one board to another,
gained little respect for the sagacity or
honesty of the various public officers, and no
tangible advantage to the good morals of the
city. The board of 1857 inaugurated the li-
cense system and provided for the sale of
liquors in quantities of less than one gallon
under a license, the fee for which should be
one hundred dollars, while the board of 1858,
with an entire change of members, aiming at
ihe golden mean, repealed the provision for a
liquor license and made the sale of ale and
beer free. The salary of oiBcials also proved
here, as is the case in all small municipalities,
a fruitful source of legislation, and a cheap
way to manufacture a claim for economical
administration. The board of 1856 signal-
ized its accession to power by an attack
on the salary of the marshal and redaced
it to 5i50, subject to be increased at the
discretion of the council to any sum not ex-
ceeding 8100. In 1858, the whole list was
revised as follows: mayor, $25 per annum;
aldermen, each fifty cents per day; marshal,
$10 per annum, subject to an increase not to
exceed $70; clerk, $1.50 per day; and super-
visor, $1.00 per day. , Under the date of
April 4, 1859, the following ominous entry,
suggestive of Pickwick's "tomato sauce
and the warming pan," occurs: " that T. W.
Cole be allowed for cash advanced by him for
copy of tlie act repealing the city charter,
and for candles, $1.85." It is hardly prob-
able that the latter articles were to be used
at the obsequies of the city charter, however
suggestive the connection, but it indicates
the beginning of the end. The organization
under the city charter had continued four
years. The change from a simple unorgan-
ized village to a city had been too sudden
and novel an innovation to be easily accepted
by many, and the new and thankless duties
imposed upon officials who could bring no
special experience to their perfortuance was
a combination of circumstances not at all
calculated to lead to the highest achieve-
ment. The result was a growing dissatisfac-
tion with the experiment, and in this year the
people decided to give up the charter at the
end of that municipal year. The princijial
complaint seems to have been that the ex-
periment " did not pay." What this maj' mean
it is difficult, after the lapse of thirty years,
to determine. The first council found the
town without systematic improvements. The
streets were graded in the usual way of coun-
try roads, and some sidewalks of various kinds
had been built by private means. These ef-
forts the city council aided, but adopted no sys-
tem that should gradually embrace the whole
corporation. The first action in this matter was
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
511
taken in 1858, when it was ordered that all
sidewalks in the city to be thereafter con-
structed, should be ten feet wide, and that
where sidewalks were repaired they siiould
be narrowed or widened as the supervisor
should deem wise. The sidewalks at that
time very generally consisted of a slisrht em-
bankment covered with sand or travel, while
here and there were board sidewalks varying
from one jilank, ten inches wide, to four
planks wide. These were protected by a fine
from injury by the leading or driving of ani-
mals thereon, and the construction of new ones
of the various kinds encouraged by the city
bearing one half of the expense. The im-
provement of tl:e streets was principally
confined to the repair of bad spots in the
various streets, and the sparing application
of gravel at various points. In 1857, the
question of prot(!ction from fire was taken
up and discussed, and the following ordi-
nance promulgated: " Be it ordained, etc., that
the hooks, ladders, ropes and all other fire ap-
paratus now or hereafter to be provided for the
use of the city, shall be placed under the im-
mediate care and supervision of the City
Marshal, who shall keep the same in some
safe and secure place, easily accessible incase
of fire, and until some building shall be
erected for the purpose.
Sec. 2. Whenever an alarm of fire is raised
every house-holder is required to bring with
him to the fire a bucket, and if such bucket
should be lost or destroyed at such fire, the
owner may get the value thereof from the
city treasury on proof or affidavit of such
loss.
Sec. 3. The Cit}' Council shall appoint
good men in each ward to act as guards over
the different streets, and parts of their re-
spective wards during the prevalence of any
fire in the city; and whenever an alarm of fire
is raised it shall be the duty of said guards
diligently to watch over the diiferent places
assigned them.
Sec. 4. The City Marshal is hereby in-
vested with full authority to act as chief at
any fire in the city; to direct persons and de-
tail as many as he may think proper to brino-
on to the ground where the fire is, the hooks,
ladders and other fire apparatus of the city,
whenever no person or persons shall volun-
tarily bring them.
Sec. 5. It is hereby made the special duty
of the Mayor, the Aldermen and other city
officers to assist and be active in forming the
necessary iines for the supply of water to
those engaged in extinquishing the fire.
Sec. 6. Any ahle-botlied person who shall
refuse when called upon by the Marshal or
any of the city officers above named, or any
regularly appointed fire warden, to enter into
line, shall be liable to a fine of not less than
one dollar, nor more than ten," etc., ad finem.
Early in the previous year a destructive fire
swept away several business blocks on Cum-
berland street, and the question arose of doino-
something to assist in such an emergency here-
after and it was proposed in council to ]3urchase
four ladders, four hooks, four poles, '^00 feet of
inch and a quarter rope, and a light wagon to
carry them. The matter was debated and de-
ferred until some time in 1858, when the lad-
ders and hooks were procured, but the fate
of the charter changed their destiny, and in
Maj', 1859, the marshal was directed to col-
lect and expose to public sale " all the prop-
erty belonging to the city, including hooks,
ladders, plows, scrapers, etc." This officer
made return of the sale on the IGth of the
month to the effect that ten dollars had been
realized from this sale, of which sura one dol-
lar was allowed the marshal for his services.
Thus ended the regime of the city, and if but
little was accomplished, the cost was similarly
small. The entire expenditure of the first
312
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
municipal year was $302.37, and while the
"journal of the council" does not give the
expenditures, it may be safe to put the aver-
sige expenditure at $500 per annum, for the
five years under the original charter.
During the two succeeding years the vil-
lage went back to its original political con-
dition, and when in the fall of 18(52, the peo-
ple voted to organize the town as an "Incor-
porated Village" under the general law, there
was but little to show for the expense and
trouble of the five years of city life. The
Board of Trustees which was elected had
theii' first meeting on November, 27, 18G3, at
the court house. They began dc tioro, and
jjrepared the usual list of ordinances by a
series of parliamentary rules. Beside this
innovation in the ordinary practice of such
bodies, the new administration was not marked
by any special vigor, wisdom or originality.
They followed in the old beaten tracks of the
city organizaiion, dickering over the salary of
the constable, aiding the building of side-
walks, patching up broken roads, and placing
the liquor traffic under a license of fifty dol-
lars, obliging dealers, however, to give in ad-
dition, an indemnifying bond of five hundred
dollars. In 1866, a new board of trustees,
consisting of R. L. Dulaney, J. P. Greenough,
E. S. Janney, Mumfora Laws and D. Legore.
The members of this board were evidently
animated by an intelligent comprehension of
the duties imposed upon them by the position,
and their promjjt and vigorous action indi-
cated no hesitation in declaring- the policy of
their administration. The ordinances were
at once concisely revised so as to increase the
sources of revenue, to restrain illy-considered
expenditure, and to secure a regularly em-
ployed corporation attorney; and the whole
career of the board was so marked by vigor-
ous, business-like executive ability that it
gave the city government a much higher
standing with the people than it had hitherto
attained. This was largely characteristic of
the succeeding board, until ISTO, when the
present city organization was adopted. The
deciding vote was cast on July 9, 1870, the
decision for city organization under the gen-
eral law being effected by a majority of 80 to
3. On August 20th following, the town hav-
ing been divided into four wards, substan-
tially as at present, the following officers were
elected: James McCabe, mayor; William
Shaw, alderman for first ward; O. G. Ste-
phenson, for second ward; N. S. McKeen, for
third ward, and Patrick (joiiohy, for fourth
ward. In 1874, the offices of clurk, city at-
toini'V and treasurer, wliich hitherto liad been
appointments in the discretion of the council,
were made elective, and are tilled every two
years, alternating with the other elective of-
ficers of the city.
The town had now grown to such propor-
tions as to demand a departure from old mu-
nicipal traditions, and the new lorni of city
administration seemed in a measure, to re-
spond to this demand, but there have not
been wanting instances, during the past
twelve years, when a broad, progressive spirit
has been signally wanting in the city council
chamber. But while a conservative policy
has generally marked the city goverjiment, it
has not proven an unmixed evil. Public
plans have been formed entirely within the
actual resources of the treasury, and while
this policy has frequently resulted in vexa-
tious delays of needed repairs, in greatly re-
tarding public improvements, and effectually
hindering any systematic plan of public ex-
penditure, the city has never had a debt to
carry. A strict code of police regulations
was among the earliest legislation of the new
administration, which, though it has suffered
some strange amendments since then, is still
suflicient, if actively enforced, to satisfy
the most exacting citizen. Up to the time of
this enactment the unruly citizen had been
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
313
the chief object of police restrictions, but in
this ordinance the liberty of animals to wan-
der about the streets was placed under limit-
ations. Bv this law all "dangerous, unruly
or niiscliievous animals'' were forbidden the
liberty of the city, and " horses, mules and
asses," were not allowed to run at large be-
tween the months of December and May,
both inclusive. In 1873, hogs of all ages
were placed in the list of tabooed animals,
between February 1st and the 15th of May in
each year, unless they were incapacitated to
root by "taming or ringing their noses." In
the following year, however, the hog was
again the favored object of animal restrictions,
and, provided they were incapacitated as
aforesaid, were alone of all brute creation
alloi\-ed to wander " fancy-free " throughout
the cit\'. At the ver\' next meeting of the
council but one, the friends of the cow ral-
lied, and expressed through the law-making
power the opinion, that " it is deemed inad-
visable, under our present status as a city to
jirohibit or regulate the running at large of
co.vs, in view of the fact that it will tend to
oppress a majority of our citizcjis who are in
possession of such animals." In 1879, the
pendulum of change swung to the opposite
extreme, which is now the law, only " tamed
or ringed pigs" being allowed the freedom
of the streets. These legal fulminations, how-
ever, do not prevent the unmolested prome-
nade of these animals, lunching out of farm-
er's wagons, and annoying teams and pedes-
trians as their inclination serves. The ordi-
nances in relation to oU'onses against the pub-
lic peace and quiet, against public; morals
and drcency, against public safety, conven-
ience and health, etc., etc., have always been
notably stringent, and have been creditably
enforced. Drunkenness in public is made a
misdemeanor, and does not frequently fail of
punishment. The police force of the city,
under the present organization, has generally
consisted of two day officers, with one night
watchman, who is sustained partly by the city
and partly by private subscription.
In public improvements the city govern-
ment seems to have been particularly ham-
pered by its conservative policy. Tiie side-
walks had generally outgrown the turnpike
and gravel period, and were being gradually
replaced hy board walks, under the regime of
the village trustees. Public funds were em-
p'oyed in assisting their construction, the
village treasury bearing one half of the ex-
pense of such improvements. The city
council, however, took the matter into its own
hands, and on petition constructed board
walks or pavements only, and then assessed
the expense upon the property benefited, in
certain cases bearing a small proportion of
the cost out of the public moneys. In De-
cember of 1875, a brick pavement was or-
dered to be constructed on the north side of
Cumberland street in patches, in front of
places of business. These walks were to bo
twelve feet wide, made of good paving brick,
with five inches of sand foundation, and fin-
ished with a white o.:k curbing, one half of
the cost to be paid out of the public funds of
the city. This has been supplemented by
walks of the same character in other parts of
the business part of the city, and the con-
struction of wooden walks within the " fire
limits" has been forbidden. Stone gutters
were placed on the north side of Cumberland
street, opposite the public square, and in 1880
the same improvement was extended to the
east side of the Court House block, on Hamil-
ton street. Progress in street improvements
has not been so marked nor so rapid. While
their original condition has been greatly im-
proved, there remains much to be done to
put them in a satisfactory condition. The
county is poorly provided with material for
road making, and much of the gravel used
has been secured along the line of small
314
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
streams, and has be^n of little value. The
superintendent of the Vandalia Road on one
occasion furnished the city with gravel at
simply the cost of loading, which proved
more serviceable. During the summer of
1883, fifty-five yards of macadamized road
was made on Hamilton street, at a cost of
849.50. Street lighting is one of the more
recent improvements. In the summer of
1875 a committee of the council was ap-
pointed to look up the subject, and subse-
quently a few lamps were secured and placed
on trial. The whole matter dragged along,
however, until JIarch 7, 1881, when fifteen
lamps were purchased and placed in position;
since then, some half dozen more have been
purchase 1 by individuals, which the council
supply and care for.
All attempts at creating an efficient de-
fense against fire have thus far proved futile.
The earlier attempt has been noted. In 187-1
the project of getting a hook and ladder
truck and " Babcock extinguisher " was sub-
mitted to a vote of the people, which resulted
in 58 for to 53 against the purchase of the
truck, and 2 for and 111 against the purchase
of the " extinguishers." A nondescript ma-
chine was subsequently bought on trial, and
an old house set on fire to give an o]iportu-
nity to test its efficiency as a fire extinguish-
er. The result was a sorry farce and the
machine was laughed out of town. The only
protection beside an "extinguisher" or two
owned by individuals is the restrictions of
the "fire limit" ordinance. This was first
passed in May, 1875, and prohibited the erec-
tion of wooden buildings upon "any lot in
the original plat of Marshall, fronting or con-
tiguous to the public square in said city, or
on anv lot on either side of Cumberland
street, fronting said street, as far east as Michi-
gan street." Its provisions were afterward
enlarged, so as to prohibit the use of wooden
roofs in repairing any old, or in the construc-
tion of any new buildings.
In the matter of revenue, the policy of the
city has been to maintain a high protective
tariff. The earlier schedule ol license fees
was almost prohibitory in effect, and even
now the peddlers, auctioneers and proprietors
of exhibitions, circuses, etc., contribute very
considerably to the city revenue when they
have the temerity to " bill the town." The
whole range of business, even to butcher-
shops, are protected. The liquor license is
generally restrictive in priniMple, but inci-
dentally adds very largely to tlie incom'i of
the city treasury. This is a constant source of
agitation in tlie council, anil enters very
largely into every municipal election. Under
the present organization of the ci y, the
action of the city authorities has varied from
absolute prohibition, to license for fees rang-
ing from $150 to $300 per annum. For the
current year licenses are granted to saloons
at §300, and to drug-stores for SlOO par an-
num, subject to a heavy indemnifying bond.
The cause of this vacillation is largely polit-
ical. There is in the city an influential mi-
nority constant in its opposition to granting
saloon licenses. Besides this factor, thera is
a floiting vote, wh:ch vote for or against li-
cense, as serves' their purpose, and this ele-
ment maintains the balance of powar between
the two " constant quantities." Through the
saloon influence the political fortunes of the
hour are carried in favor of one political
organization, when its opponent wid turn
about and bring the attack upon the enemy's
stronn-hold by cutting off the license provis-
ion. This is done by cajoling the floating
vote, not upon temperance grounds, but
upon political necessity. It is not unfre-
quently the case that the council act in di-
rect opposition to ihe expression of the peo-
ple when the sui)ject is submitted to a popu-
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
nn
lar vole. The revenue derived is doubtless
a very cogent argument, and under tlie ordi-
nances there seems to be every facility for
making the liquor business a very unprofit-
able one, if carried on to the detriment of
individuals or the public, provided the means
sui)i)licd bv law are used. In 1880, undi r
the liquor-license regime, the revenue from
business permits was $105 from saloons
$1,200, and from fines 8361; in 1881 no sa-
loon licenses being issued, business permits
amounted to S^ll.Co, and fines $200. In
1882 the licenses for liquor sales will prob-
ably reach §1,600. The following gentlemen
have been elected to the mayoralty of the
city: 1870, James McCabe; 1872, Thos. H.
Sutton; 1879, Edwin Harlan; 1881, D. S.
McMuUen.
The early business growth of Marshall was
not marked by more progressive tendencies
than were exhibited in the administration of
public aflairs. For over thirty j-ea s the vil-
lage was handicapped by competition with
more successful and older towns, with a sur-
rounding country not rapidly develo])ed, nor
largely productive, and bj' a lack of pub-
lic-spirited men. It scarcely needs to be
said that the ])rovisions of the founders of
Marshall for its development, reveal some-
thing more than the mere business sagacity
of a shrewd man of affairs. The plan of
founding the village was doubtless conceived
in a spirit of speculation, but in carrying out
the details, his personal interest became
Strongly excited, and Col. Archer accepted
no criterion save its future success. Though
subsequently burdened with public duties
and embarrassed by serious reverses, he de-
voted his best energies and the last remnant
of his fortune to the promotion of the town's
highest interests; and while many of his proj-
ects proved abortive, the impress of his mold-
ing hand is stili felt by the citizen and ob-
served by the stranger. His relations with
Governor Duncan in the history oftiie tnwii,
while not clearly ascertained, were probab y
simply the purchase of his name and ])}•€(!-
tif/e for a consideration, a prestige that availed
little beyond the inception of the entorjirise.
The first building in the village was Bart-
Ictt's hotel, which was erected in 18 (!, and
this was soon followed by business and dwell-
ing houses, so that by the close of 1838 there
was a good showing for a town, and the
present business portion pretty well marked
out. On the corners of Franklin and Market
streets were the hotel buildings; on the north
corners of Franklin and Cumberland were
the stores of Whitlock and Anderson; on the
southeast corner of Hamilton and Cumber-
land was Cole's saloon; and on the north-
west corner, a story-and-a-half frame build-
ing, just inclosed, which Woodford Dula-
ney was erecting for a place of business. On
the site of Foster's block was a frame build-
ing which served Dr. Allison as office and
residence; and just west of this, on the cor-
ner of the block, stood an unfinished frame
which was afterward bought and finished by
Dr. Poole. Near the southwest corner of
Clinton and Cumberland streets, fronting on
the latter, stood a structure, the frame- work
of which was composed of jack-oak poles.
This was one of the very earliest buildings
in the village, and was erected by Joseph
Martin, a laborer on the National Road. This
passed into other hands, and as a hotel was
the first competitor for public patronage that
Bartlett had. The older part of the build-
ing was torn away to give place for Clay-
poole's block in. 1881. This was the only
structure on the west side of the public square
in 1838; but on the south side, beginning on
the southeast corner of Clinton and Market
streets, was the brick residence of Uri Man-
ley; a frame building just east of it, which
was first used by the court, and later as a
post-office and business room; and still farther
318
IIISTOUY OF CLARK COUXTY.
cast stood the little frame tailor-sbop of J. B.
King. These Iniildings, with the fifteen to
thirty dwellings generally scattered over the
entire area of the plat, constituted the village
of 1838. The only public means of commu-
nication with the outside world was by the
stage line that ran north and south on the
State road from Vincennes to Danville, and
east and west from Indianapolis through
Terre Haute to St. Louis. The mail in this
region was brought from Vincennes to Paris
once a week, first on horseback, and as early
as 1833 in a vehicle. In 1838 the stage line
superseded this mode, and four-horse coaches
ran three times a week, stopping at the log
hotel to change. About 1842 the Indianap-
olis and Terre Haute line was extended to
St. Louis, and then daily coaches passed
throun-h the town, furnishing a direct route
of travel as good as any town could boast.
The merchants were forced, of course, to rely
upon their own resources for the transporta-
tion of goods, teaming them in favorable
weather from Terre Haute, or in the spring
from Darwin, where merchandise was deliv-
ered by boats. For the next thirty years the
town had a steady but very slow develop-
ment. Archer and Bartlett put up the brick
hotel, now known as the St. .lames, in 1842,
which, though occupied, was not finished un-
til two or three years later. This was the
most pretentious building at the time in the
illavge and was the center of attraction.
Here the stage lines passed, and the curious
villager found it a convenient point to learn
the news and get a glimpse of passengers as
the stages changed horses and stopped for
meals. A little before the erection of tlie
hotel, Archer erected a frame building on
the site of Benedict's block, which was
subsequently destroyed by fire. In 185G the
present brick was put \ip in its place. Du-
laney was called to Kentucky by the death
of his father, and his store was subsequently
occupied by Booth & Greenough. This firm
was succeeded by Lyman Booth & Co. (the
Greenough interest being represented in the
" company"), who built a store building on the
corner of Hamilton and Market streets in 1850.
Three years later, Mort. Reed erected the
block now known as the "Clark corner," and
in the year following the block occupied by
Bradley & Doll was built by Charles Welch,
W. T. Martin block by Tower Bros., and the
Sherman House by Summers. The Sherman
House was sold to James Wright when the
foundation was laid, and was finished by him
in 1855 and called the Wright House. In
1856 an addition to the Benedict block, what
is known as Streever's block, was erected.
This covered the space between " Clark's
corner " and the end of the present two-story
bricks, and consisted of five buildings. The
three nearest Reed's building were erected
by Streever, the next one by Henry Wallace,
and the last by Wm. Davis. With the ex-
ception of a single-story brick where Galla-
gher's saloon is now kept, these were the
prinei]jal additions to the business portion
of the town up to 1808.
In the meantime a vigorous agitation for a
railroad had been started. A line for an
east and west road had been surveyed, pass-
incr through the central part of the village;
but this was seriously antagonized by other
railroad interests and failed. Subsequently
the Terre Haute, Vandalia & St. Louis
route, better known now as the "Van. road,"
was projected, with lines varying from one
to eight miles away from the village. The
newspapers and the public-spirited men of
Marshall were urgent in their appeals to the
people of the county to be ready to support
the project liberally with their money, and
the township did vote $50,000, in addition to
the $100,000 voted by the county at large, to
aid this enterprise. The town, however, was
subsequently relieved from tliis special dona-
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
5U)
tion. Still the road \v;is not definitely located
in the ren;ion of the village, the engineer vacil-
lating between the various proposed lines. It
was shrewdly suspected by persons interested
here that he was waiting for a personal pe-
cuniary inducement which he failed to get
Iron) the JIarsliall people, and receiving
peremptory orders to fix the survey, ran the
lino a mile out of town. The work was
pushed with reasonable vigor, and in 1870
tlie cars passed within the limits of the cor-
poration. The completion of the Vandalia
Road gave business enterprises a new start,
but failed to do for the village much that was
hoped for, on account of its distance from
the central part of the town, and because in
making Terre Haute more accessible, it re-
acted upon the home business interests.
During this time the north ami south line of
railroad was agitated, and in 187-4 became a
fact. To this venture Marshall gave §50,-
000, an investment which the community has
had no reason to regret. The line passeti
through the central part of the city and has
given its developuienc and growth an impe-
tus which the other railroad failed to do.
The finest part of the jiresent business part of
the city has been erected since its construc-
tion. In 1S71 Gorham's block was built on
Cumberland street, north of the square, and
Legon-'s block, on Hamilton street, east of
the square. In ].s;3 were erected Cheno-
weth's block, by Bryan & Chenoweth, and
Harlan's hall, on the corner of Hamilton and
^Market str.'Cts. The row of three brick
buildings, just west of the Sherman House,
was built in 1873. Foster's block, north of
the square, was built in 1874, and rebuilt in
1881. The west part of Gallagher's block was
rebuilt in 1S74, and the eastern part erected
in the following year. Dulaney's grocery
building in 1875, and the bank block in 1870;
Jno. Archer block, north of square, in 1870;
F. A. Berner block in 1877; and Henry Wal-
lace's block in the same year. In 1880 Du-
laney's grocery building was remodeled, the
block of Kester, Cole & Archer, Dr. Brad-
ley's office building, and the south part of
Claypool's block, were erected. In 1881 Brad-
ley's block, Claypool's corner building, Dr.
Jayne's block, and Hippard's block, on the
site of one of Streever's old buildings, were
put up. Whitlock's building, which occupies
the site of another store of the old Streever
block, was erected in 1882; and Pat. Smith's
block in same year.
Marshall has never laid any claim to spe-
cial advantages for manufacturing purposes,
but so far as abundance of good timber and
shipping facilities are concerned in the ques-
tion, the city is admirably adapted to such
enterjjrises. Coal and water are secured with
reasonable facility and at reasonable cost;
and these various qualifications have recently
attracted the attention of capitalists seeking
a location, but receiving little or no encour-
agement from leading men, have gone else-
where. The early community was not inde-
pendent of this class of business, especially
of grist and carding mills. These were a
necessity, and that community that could
sustain such enterprises was deemed highly
favored. Marshall early secured the mills
best known in pioneer times, and when the
country outgrew these crude affairs, the city
was fortunate enough to secure their natural
successors, and so flouring and woolen mills
have been a prominent factor in the city's
business prosperity. The earliest among
these more modern manufactories was a card-
ing mill, started here in 1841, by Wm. Mc-
Keen. It stood where the property of Wm.
Bartlett is now placed, the building having
been moved across the street and now occu-
pied by Ben. Dangler as a residence. The
propelling power was an old-time tread-
wheel, but in 1849 the machine was trans-
ferred to the steam mill and propelled by its
320
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
machinery. In the older settlements ou the
eastern and western sides of the county, there
were a good many sheep kept for that time,
and these brought considerable patronage to
the mill. It was nearly the only one in this
section of the State and people came from a
large area of country. The mill was main-
tained for some fifteen years, making a com-
fortable competence for the proprietor.
The first steam flouring mill in the county
was erected on the National Road in the west
part of town. Before it was completed, the
projector of the enterprise, Le Vay Cory, sold
the structure to Wm. McKeen, who in com-
pany with Ebenezer Payne carried on the
business for a number of years, when the
death of Mr. Payne dissolved the partner-
ship. McKcen then sold his interest to the
P.iyne estate, when it was conducted by the
firm of Martin & Payne, who subsequently
sold it to Laingor & Fasig. From this firm it
passed into the hands of Payne & Besser, and
thence to Besser & Martin. The mill origin-
ally started with two run of stone, but two more
were subsequently added. A mill-pond was
at first constructed and used for years, but
becoming otfensive to the neighborhood it
was abandoned and water drawn through
eleven hundred feet of pipe from wells near
the woolen factory. It was gradually sup-
plied with all improvements of the time and
did a large custom business, grinding about
400 bushels of wheat a week, 200 bushels of
corn per day, beside other grains which were
in regular demand. On October 6th, ]87I:,
the structure took fire and was totally de-
stroyed, the firm losing $10,000, without a
dollar's insurance. Another mill was built
in the following year on the site of the old
structure by A. M. Payne and Wiss. Harlan.
This was a fine brick structure with modern
improvements, a large capacity, and intended
for commercial purposes. It was built and
furnished at a cost of §25,000, and for nearly
five years did a large business. It changed
bands several times, and was owned by A. M.
Payne and D. S. Mci-lullen when it was de-
stroyed by fire. Payne's interest at that time
was rented by J. S. Lycan, and the business
was conducted under the firm name of Lycan
& McMullen. About two o'clock on Sep-
tember 11, 1879, fire was discovered in the
upper story, and the citizens summoned to
the rescue by the steam whistle. But the
flames had got beyond the resources of the
city and it proved a total loss, save a few fix-
tures which were removed from the lower
part of the mill. A large warehouse, not
quite finished, but containing about ten thou-
sand bushels of wheat, stood witiiin thirty
feet of the mill, but fortunately escaped the
flames. There was a light insurance, but not
enough to cover half of the loss. The ware-
house was subsequently moved to the Wa-
bash railroad, near Market street, and grad-
ually converted into an elevator. It is pro-
vided with steam power, a corn-sheller with
a capacity of thirtv-five hundred bushels per
day, and a corn buhr. It has a storage ca-
pacity of 20,000 bushels, and is now rented
and operated by Emerson & Archer.
In 1872 Ewalt, Lycan & Co. built the Little
Giant Mills on South Bend street. Lycan
subsequently sold his interest, and rented
Payne's half in the Marshall Mills. When
that was destroyed, he purchased an interest
in the Little Giant Mills again. It was re-
built in 1874, and has a capacity of fifty bar-
rels of flour per day. Quaker City Mill was
erected in 1874 by Joseph Cork at a cost of
$16,000. It has a capacity of 125 barrels
per day and an elevator attached. Messrs.
Besser & Marvin now own and operate the
mill.
A natural successor to the old carding mill,
but in no way connected with it, is the Mar-
shall Woolen Mill. This enterprise was begun
by the erection of a wooden building on nearly
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
821
the exact site of the "Little Giant Mill" in
1853. The projector of this business, E. L.
Janney, was a resident of Palestine and a law-
j'er by profession. His eyes failinj^ him, he
was induced by his brother-in-law, Mr. Alex-
ander, to go into this business and the two
gentlemen came to Marshall for this purpose.
The mill did a thriving business for some five
years when it was totally destroyed by fire.
It was rebuilt and continued in operation
initil the present brick structure was erected
near the old site, at a cost of about $12,000.
The early business was largely custom work
and drew its patronage from a large area of
surrounding country. Home-made clothing
was at that time the general wear, and cus-
tomers were in the habit of coming long dis-
tances to get their wool worked up, frequently
waiting two or three days for their turn. In
the last mill some improved machinery was
placed and considerable commercial work
_ done. A good grade of jeans, a coarse sort of
cassimere, common flannels, and a good qual-
ity of blankets were manufactured. But of
late years the industry has languished, the
mill operating only a part of the time.
There was little demand for early banks
here, and there has never been one of issue in
the town. In 1857, the Eagle Insurance Com-
pany was chartered, with Nathan Willard, Uri
Manley, Chas. Johnson, Robt. Brown, and
Sam'l McClure as stockholders. The charter
authorized the company to loan money at any
rate of interest that might be agreed upon
between the contracting parties. No atten-
tion was paid to insurance save, perhaps, an
agency business, the evident intention being
to establish a loan office without the liabilities
and restrictions of a regular banking charter.
The business never assumed any great impor-
tance and gradually died out. It was suljse-
quently revived by Bates, of Terre Haute, and
McMullen, of Marshall, and in 1875, was suc-
ceeded by the Clark County Bank. This
organization while possessing the old charter,
went into business under the general law
pertaining to incorporations. The stockhold-
ers at this time were Robt. Brown, John Mor-
ton, Jonathan Hogue, D. D. Doll, and D. S.
McMullen, with Brown as president, Doll as
vice-president, and D. S. McMullen, cashier.
The present officers are, Jno. Morton, pres-
ident, Robt. Brown, vice-president, and T. W.
Cole, cashier. Another private bank was
started in June, 1S79, by Robt. L. Dulanev,
and still continues, doing its share of the bus-
iness.
Until 18-18, Marshall was without a news-
paper. The town was small and the develop-
ment of the county' such that a newspaper
venture did not promise abundant returns for
the investment. The village was not, however,
lost sight of by the pul)lic prints of the neigh-
boring towns. Occasional communications
from the " county seat of Clark County " ap-
peared at irregular intervals in the Paris and
Terre Haute papers, but they were so much
taken up with pei'sonalities that nothing is to
be gleaned from them as to matters of public
interest. There was but little to induce the
early founding of a newspaper here. The
proprietors, though men of ]>olitical ambitions,
seem to have had less faith in newspaper
influence than is generally entertained at this
day, and they do not seem to have exerted
any influence in securing such an establish-
ment. It would doubtless have proven a
valuable adjunct to the other means employed
to develop the village, but the man and the
hour did not coincide. The harmony of polit-
ical tastes was another retarding feature.
On most of the important state and national
questions, there was little diversity of senti-
ment and what really existed was of such an
uncertain character that no permanent lines
were drawn. The Whigs, so long as thej'
kept the field, were in the large majority, and
the " Know Nothings " ran a short but success-
322
PIISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
ful career, but since then until 1862, the
Democratic party lias been in the ascendancy.
During the War of the Rebellion, party diflfer-
encos were largely ignored and the Republican
or Union party was the prevailing organiza-
tion, but since its close party lines have once
more been drawn more according to earJier
affiliations and both of the great parties are
represented with a slight preponderance in
favor of the Democratic.
.Journalism here, in the language of a noted
politician, has been a " halcj-on and vociferous
proceeding." There has never been mani-
fested any loss for language to express edito-
rial convictions or to characterize the views or
conduct of opposing writers, and much of the
editorial writing has been marked more by
forcible than elegant expression. In common
with most early newspapers, those of Marshall
have given much more space and effort to the
cultivation of public opinion than to the dis-
semination of local news, which, perhaps, the
nature of early communities and their sur-
roundings more fully warranted than at pres-
ent. But with the growth and development
of the town, the newspaper has developed
until Marshall is now represented by four
weekly papers equal in ability to any of the
surrounding towns.
The first paper published in Marshall was
the Illinois State Democrat. It was demo-
cratic in politics, and was owned and con-
ducted by John M. Crane and Nathan Willard
The paper showed considerable ability, the
enior editor being a man of some editorial.
experience, though of somewhat erratic habits.
Late iii 1848, soon after the paper was estab-
lished, Mr. Crane withdrew, leaving Mr.
Willard sole proprietor, who continued its
publication until the spring of 1853, develop-
ing a native capacity vchich gained for him an
enviable reputation as a journalist. At this
time he sold the paper to Messrs. J. C. Robin-
son and Jacob Zimmerman, who reinforced it
by the purchase of the Mdrshall Teler/raph,
an opposing paper which had sprung up in
the campaign of 1852, and changed the name
of the coraliined journals to the Eastern Illi-
noisan. The paper continued without fur-
ther change until December, 1856, when S. S.
Whitehead became proprietor, as he had been
editor during the most of the preceding cam-
paign. Several gentlemen were associated
with Mr. Whitehead in the business manage-
ment of the paper at various times until in
1861; when it became evident that the civil
war was soon to occur, he sold out his entire
interest in the Illinoisan to H. H. Peyton,
" to avoid the heat and anger sure to result."
The latter gentleman, however, entered the
army in August, 1801, and Mr. Whitehead
was compelled to take the paper into his own
control. The publication was continued until
1865 when, public duties making it impossi-
ble for him to attend to its management, he
sold the office to Mr. John Littlefield. For
nearly thirteen years its publication ceased,
but in January, 1878, its publication was
revived and it is now the organ of the more
pronounced wing of the Democratic party.
It is now a six-column folio, devoted prin-
cipally to politics.
The Fkiff of Our Union, was a five-col-
umn folio, started on May 30, 1861. The
leading principles of this paper are suggested
by its title. The lUinoi.san was hostile to
the prosecution of the war by the North, and
while its attitude in this met with the support
of a considerable element in the county, the
majority of the people, without regard to polit-
ical faith, called for an exponent of the Union
sentiment. It was in response to this senti-
ment and some more substantial encourage-
ment, that John Littlefield began the publica-
tion of the Flag. His political affiliation
had been with the " Know Nothings," but in
this venture, he cautiously planted himself on
the Union side of current questions. In his
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
323
first article Mr. Littletield said: " \Yo shall
contend for a strict observance of the Con-
stitution and the enforcement of the laws.
* * * ^Ve shall ignore politics and discus-
sions as to the cause of the war. But, in the
lan^uag-e of Stephen A. Douglas, ' fight the
battles of our country ./tVs?, and talk about the
causes after.' " This newspaper venture was
started on small capital and limited editorial
experience, but it gradually gained support
until it passed beyond the stage of an experi-
ment to a regular institution of the county.
The publication of the Flacj was suspended,
however, at,the end of the third volume, when
the editor entered the army, but did not leave
the State. In April, 1865, having purchased
the press and material of the Il/inoisan, Mr.
Littlefield launched the Marshall Messenger,
the first issue appearing April 28, 18G5. In
his salutatory the editor says: "The Messen-
ger will be independent in all things." It
started as a six-column folio, but has since
been enlarged to a six-column quarto with
the inside furnished by an '"auxiliary" print-
ing establishment.
Of the papers which have disputed the
political field in Marshall with the Democrat-
ic journals, the earliest was the Marshall
Telegraph. This paper was started to aid
the Whig campaign of 18j3, with Messrs.
Jones & Farley as editors and proprietors.
This venture was the outgrowth of a general
desire of the Whig supporters for an organ
and prominent members of the party invested
considerable money in furnishing the office.
The paper subsequently passed into the hands
of Charles Summers, who sold it to the Demo-
cratic contemporary in the spring of 1853.
In April or May of the following year Messrs.
E. Callahan and S. F. Andrews, issued another
paper of " Know Nothing " proclivities, reviv-
ing the name of the Marshall Telegraph.
Mr. Callahan retired from the management
in the following fall, Mr. Andrews conducting
it in the support of the Republican party
until the winter of ISSr-S when its publica-
tion was suspended. In the following June
or July Messrs. N. O. McKeen and John A.
Whitlock started the 3farshall Journal in
the interest of the Republican party -which
continued until the fall of 1859, when it was
absorbed by the Illinoisan. It was edited
by John A. Whitlock alone, after Mr.
McKeeu's retirement in the early part of
1858, and subsequently by Dr. W. S. Goodell,
who published it as an independent organ,
until its demise. The extinction of Repub-
lican papers, however, did not indicate the
death of Republican sentiment in the county,
and in 1868, the Clark County Merald made
its appearance. The editor and proprietor, M.
O. Frost, had been formerly an attache of the
Cincinnati Commercial, and in 1867 was pub-
lishing the Hotel Reporter at Covington, Ky.
He was placed in communication with several
of the prominent Republicans of Marshall, and
the result of a conference was an agreement
on Mr. Frost's part to establish a paper if 500
subscribers could be secured. This a com-
mittee of Republicans undertook to secure,
and with such success that Frost was written
to come with his paper. About 400 subscrib-
ers were secured, and the first issue of the
Herald appeared August 28, 1868. The
Messenger was then in undisputed possession
of the editorial field, and viewed the estab-
lishment of a Republican journal as a chal-
lenge to political combat. Since the first
issue of the Herald a vigorous fusilade has
been maintained between these papers, which
was varied on the revival of the Illinoisan by
a triangular distribution of the skirmish. The
Herald has been eidarged to the proportions
of a six-column quarto, printed entirely in its
own ofiRce. It has been marked during its
history for the attention paid to the publica-
tion of local news.
1 Church Progress, is a weekly paper pub-
324
PIISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
]ished in the interest of the Catlicilio churcli.
It was projected by the pastor of the Catholic
church here, in 1873. It was designed sim-
ply as a means of communication from the
pastor to the people of his congregation and
was first issued monthly in a four page pam-
phlet form. The church was heavily in debt
and this means was taken to stimulate the
members to larger contributions. The scope
of the paper was gradually enlarged, becom-
ing semi-monthly in January 18S0, and weekly
in its publication during the present year.
It is a seven column folio and is still edited
by Rev. Charles Kuhlman.
But the permanent progress of a community
is not measured alone bv its business success.
Indeed such success depends very m,uch upon
the foundation society lays in the school and
church. This fact was clearly foreseen by the
founder of the city and early provision was
made for these aids to civilized development.
The liberal donations and the sentiment of
Col. Archer on this subject led the early set-
tlers to believe that the best of educational
advantages would soon be within their reach,
but they did not wait for schools to come to
them. Such men as Col. Archer, Whitlock,
GriiEth, Bartlett and Neal, set about securing
a school-house at once, and in 1837 the first
building for this purpose was erected on the
southwest corner of the college lot. A school
was taught here in the following winter by
Thomas Handy, who lived on Union Prairie.
In the following year Jonathan G-reenouch,
who was a native of Maine, wrote,invitinn- Dean
Andrews to this place with a view of promotino-
the school interests. He was a graduate of
Bowdoin College and came in the latter part
of 1838. After fitting up the school- house
which had been used by Handy, and the
court for its first session, he taught a term or
two of public school, and later, a private
school in a frame building erected for the
■purpose. In the meantime there was a gen-
eral desire that the donation of land on
which to erect a college should be perma-
nently secured by the founding of such an
institution. This was the prime object of
Andrews' coming to Marshall and he proposed
at once to erect a building for such pur-
pose if assisted by the people. To this prop-
osition the people responded liberally, and
about 1852 Mr. Andrews erected the main
part of the brick building which is now used
for the public school. No definite informa-
tion can be gathered of this early school, save
that for some years it was generally patron-
ized and fairly successful under the guidance
of the projector. Some eight or ten years
after its founding it occurred to some of the
leading Methodists of the town that it would
be advisable to establish a sectarian school,
to which proposition Mr. Andrews lent a
willing ear and eventually sold his property
to certain trustees for $3,000, certain gentle-
men securing the payment of S1,000, by joint
note and the balance secured by mortgage on
the property. " Marshall College " proved no
better as a financial investment than other
unendowed colleges, and the makers of the
note were obliged to meet its payment. The
mortgage was subsequently ra^t in the same
way, Samuel Park, John English, James
McCabe and P. McNutt assuming the burden
for the Methodist society, in August, 1865.
Two years later McNutt conveyed his inter-
est to the other trustees, and on Feb. 33
1867, the property was advertised for sale.
Mr. English subsequentlv bought it, and in
1871, sold it to thepublic school trustees for
graded school purposes.
Among the early successors of Mr. Andrews
was E. D. Wilkins, who carried on the schools
with promising success from about 1856 to
ISul. This was the period of the school's
greatest prospirity, which, however, grew
rapidly less at the opening of the war. The
Flag says of the close of the school year in
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
325
1861: '• Tliere was a slim attendance at the ex-
amination. No examining committee being
present at the exercises." B. G. Bradshaw
succeeded Mr. Wilkins as president, with Prof.
Hughs as assistant, and L. H. Bradley and
Sheridan Cox as teachers. In 1803, a pri-
mary department was added and in the follow-
ing year .Mr. and Mrs. P. McNutt engaged as
teachers. Mr. McNutt succeeded to the
presidency in the following year and was
assisted by Professor Merrick from Ohio.
Mr. McNutt was subsequently appointed trav-
eling agent and was succeeded by Rev. Wm.
S. Hooper who, a little later, combined the
duties of teacher with those of pastor to the
Methodist church here. The college term
rates at this time were, for the First Prepara-
tory class,87.00; 2nd. Prep, class, $8.50; Fresh-
man class, $9.00; Sophomore, Junior, and
Senior classes, SIO.OO; contingent fee, $1.00.
Various causes combined to' work against the
prosperity of this school during the war and
especially after its close. The growth of
graded schools, and the Lick of sufficient capi-
tal to place the institution in the front rank
of collegiate institutions was severely felt by
the management. Still the school was main-
tained for some time after the building passed
into private hands, until it finally ceased in
1867 or 1868.
In the meanwhile the public schools had
grown into considerable importance. A stone
school-house succeeded the early frame build-
ing about 1840 or 1842, and was situated in
the eastern part of town. Some five or six
vears later a brick school-house was erected
on the lot donated for a female academy, and
as the population of the town was increased,
school room facilities were augmented by
hiring vacant rooms about town, the office of
the St. James Hotel serving this purpose for
a time, and in 1868, some of the rooms in
" Marshall College" building were also used.
The inconveniences of holdmg schools in tlie
several parts of town without a central build-
ing, gradually created a demand among the
people for some better provision for school
rooms. The question of purchasing the hotel
on the corner of Michigan and Cumberland
streets was early submitted to a popular vote
and negatived. In 18G5, it was again sub-
mitted to the people and carried by a majority
of three in favor of the proposition, but the
minority was so large and a counter-agitation
to buy the college building sprang up, so that
the trustees did nothing about it. In ISGS,
the subject was again raised, by an offer of
the proprietors of the building to sell it for
$4,000, in four annual installments. If, how-
ever, the railroad was not built, the price was
to be reduced to $3,000. The building
was at this time in a dilapidated con-
dition, and some two or three thousand
dollars were estimated as the cost of refitting
and repairing it. The matter thus passed on
until August 8, 1871, when it was decided by
a popular vote of 138 to 39 to purchase the
building for $3,000. The property was at
once overhauled, replastered, refitted, and
repaired at a cost of nearly $2,000. The
public schools were graded about 1852
or 1855 by a Mr. Griffith. In 1865, there
were three departments ; in 1873, these
had grown to seven, and there are at present
twelve departments for which ten teachers
are employed. The school year is eight
months; the average monthly salary for teach-
ers is $53; highest $80 and lowest $25.
Church influences were felt in Marshall as
early as the coming of schools, but they did
not result in permanent organizations until
some years later. Services were early held
by Congregationalists, Methodists and Catho-
lics in private houses and school-houses, and
about 1840, an effort was simultaneously put
forth by Dean Andrews, T. F. Day and Pat-
rick Conahy, to organize a society of their re-
spective denominations.
326
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
The Congregational Church was org-anized
April 3, 1841, by Dean Andrews, John Black,
ElzaNeal, A. M. Chapin and Willard Center,
assisted by the Rev. A. M. .Jewett of Terre
Haute, Ind. The members were the gentle-
men named, with their wives, and Nancy
Black and Emeline Cole. Dean Andrews
was licensed as a minister, April 7, 1842, and
ordained as pastor of this church in May of
the following year. He served the church,
however, from April, 1841, continuing until
October of 1852, and subsequently from Sep-
tember, 1864, until his death in September,
1873. He was a man of large influence and
public spirit, and his loss was seriously felt.
Between the two terms of Mr. Andrews' ser-
vice. Rev. Jacob P. Chapman was pastor, and
served with acceptance. Following the
death of Mr. Andrews, Rev. J. T. Graves of-
ficiated as pastor until October, 187G, when
a vacancy occurred until 1880, filled tempo-
rarily by Revs. M. A. .Tewett, S. S. Martin
and others. In September of the latter year,
Rev. H. M. Burr was called, and served as
pastor until September, 1883, since which
time the church has been without a pastor.
The church building is a frame structure
standing on Hamilton street north of Cum-
berland street, and was erected in 1843, at a
cost of about $1,500. This sum was raised
by subscriptions var3'ing from a widow's mite
of three cents to the donation of a pair of
Fairbanks' scales, the latter contributed by
Mr. Fairbanks himself. The original trustees
were John Black, Elza Neal, Dean Andrews,
Wm. Dougan, Jesse Mark, J. K. Greenough,
and John Bartlett. This was the first place
of worship erected in the town, and although
lacking many of the modern conveniences, is
still a comfortable place of worship and a well
preserved building. A weekly prayer meet-
ing was instituted at the time the church was
organized in 1841, and has been regularly
maintained since. A Sunday school was also
organized at the same time, and still exists,
with an attendance of iibout seventy scholars
and officers. It was about the first school of
the kind organized in the county. Burns Ar-
cher is the present superintendent.
A Methodist Episcopal Church was organ-
ized in the year 1841, also. There were some
ten persons of this denomination in Marshall;
Abel English and wife, Uri Man ley and wife,
T. F. Day and wife, James Martin and wife,
Hannah Chapman and Mrs. Hays. Abel
English was a local preacher of New Jersey,
and under his lead a church was organized at
the court house in June of this year. Rev.
Burr of the Livingston circuit, "supplied "
the church, and meetings were h Id in the
Andrews frame school-house. About 1845,
an effort was put forth to secure a permanent
place of worship, and the following gentlemen
were elected trustees with a view to carrying
this effort to a practical issue; Abel English,
Uri Manley, James Martin, T. F. Day, Willard
Center, John Combs and Simeon Poole. The
work was undertaken in earnest, and Mr. Day
undertook the task of circulating a subscrip-
tion paper. This was a task of no small di-
mensions, as not only was the home field to be
canvassed, but aid was sought in Edgar and
other counties where there were older Meth-
odist societies. He secured subscriptions to
the amount of some $800, which by contract
with the trustees he retained, and rendered
service on the building at $1.75 per day.
This proved a valuable contract to the church,
as the full subscription was not realized and
the cost of collection proved an item worth
consideration. The frame was erected on
Hamilton street, just south of Market, in 1846,
but for lack of funds, remained uninclosed
until the next year. The building of this
structure was a heavy burden to the little
church, and each one was obliged to shoulder
all the responsibility he could carry. The la-
bor fell principally upon Mr. Day who, with
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
327
the sons of Mr. Englisli, got out all the tim-
bers, went to the land of Mr. Blundell in Wa-
bash Township, got the poplar logs and
hauled them to the mill. The lumber was
sawed at Eng-lish's mill on Big Creek. It is
related that the bridge across the stream
partly washed away, leaving a part of it stand-
ing half way over the stream. There was no
way to get the wagon to where the lumber
was piled, and as the only resort the lumber
was brought to the wagon. To do this every
board was brought to the end of the broken
bridge and stood up in the stream, from
whence it was taken and carried up a steep
bank to the wagon. This work was performed
principally by Mr. Day and illustrates
some of the difficulties to be overcome to se-
cure the place of worship. It was finally
completed, and in 1849 dedicated by Rev.
Hiram Brick. This building sufficed until
181 3, when the present brick structure was
erected on Mechanic street. For some time
previous, however, the building had proved
too small to comfortablv accommodate the au-
dience, and services were held in the court
house, in the school house, in Manley's office,
and in the Congregational church. During
the pastorate of Rev. Mr. Pilcher the church
exnerienced a remarkable revival, which re-
sulted in some 300 additions to the church,
and the subject of a new building was forced
upon the church. A building committee was
appointed, which decided upon a brick struct-
ure, the plan of which was drawn by an ar-
chitect of Terre Haute. Work was com-
menced in spring of 1873, and the present
building, 40 by 80 feet, erected at a cost of
nine thousand dollars. The church numbers
now about 200 members, and is in a flourish-
ina: state. Amono- the ministers who have
served the church since Mr. Pilcher, are the
Revs. Slagle, Obenchain, Burkett, McVey,
and the present pastor. Rev. Robt. Mclntyre.
The first Catholic who settled in Marshall
was Patrick Conahj', a brother of the Bishop
of Kihnore, Ireland. A year later five Ger-
man Catholic families settled on farms south
of Marshall. Father Bouteau, who built
churches in Terre Haute and North Arm, was
the first priest to visit this place. After him.
Father Lallemier, of Terre Haute, attended to
the spiritual wants of these early settlers, say-
ing mass in their houses. The first priest sta-
tioned in Marshall was Rev. Hugh Brady in
1848, who remained about one year, during
which time he besjan to build the first Catho-
lie Church in Clark County, and roofed it.
He died suddenly while on his way to Chi-
cago to see the bishop. After him, the little
congregation was attended by Revs. F.
Ingolsby, G. A. Hamilton and Thos. Ryan,
from North Arm, once in every two months.
Father Ryan completed the old church, which
still stands, though long alienated from its
sacred office. A graveyard was donated in
the time of Father Ryan. After him Revs.
D. Byrne, John Vahey, and others, attended
here. In 1851, Bishop Van de Velde, of
Chicago, visited Marshall and administered
the sacrament of confirmation. In 1860, Rev.
H. Horen became resident pastor, and in the
same year purchased a square fronting on
Hamilton street, and on it laid the foundation
for the present churcli building. In 1867,
Rev. John A. Mark became pastor, and com-
pleted the new church, which was dedicated
October 20, 1872, by Revs. J. A. Mark, F.
Stick, and Francis, O. S. F. On this occasion
twenty-nine persons received the sacrament
of confirmation.
Rev. J. A. Mark, after having completed
the church, put up two substantial buildings
for school purposes. At the time of his re-
moval in 1872, the congregation was heavily
in debt. The Franciscan Fathers of Teutopolis
attended the congregation until May, 1874,
when Rev. I. Wegener was appointed pastor.
1 and remained such until June, 1876. From
328
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
this time until December 9, 187G, Rev. P.
Raynerius, O. S. F., of Teutopolis, attended
the congregation. Since then Rev. C Kuhl-
man has been pastor. The congregation,
consisting now of about one hundred families,
principally Irish, have extinguished the heavy
debt under which they have labored so long,
and is now in a thriving condition.
On April 4, 1846, a petition signed by
fourteen persons was presented to the Pales-
tine Presbytery in session at Paris, request-
ing to be organized into a church. The
Presbytery gave the petition a favorable
reception and appointed Revs. H. I. Venahle
and R. H. Lilly, and Elders .lames Welsh
and T. M. Brooks, a committee to at-
tend to the organization. On the 25th of
this month, the committee and signers to the
petition met at Martinsville and organized a
society to be called the " Marshall Presbyte-
rian Church." The original members were
Alexander, Prudence, Rachel, Amy, John R.,
and Mary .lane Matthews, William and Jane
King, James and Sarah Gibson, Rachel
Babcock, Thomas B. and Jane McClure and
Prudence Cochran, all of whom lived in
the vicinity of Marshall and Martinsville.
Alexander was made Elder, and for some
years meetings were held alternately at !Mar-
tinsville and Marshall, at irregular intervals,
using school-houses, private residences and
other church buildings for the purpose. About
1857, a fixed location was agitated and in the
following year a neat, frame place of worship
was erected on Hamilton street, in the south
part of town. This effort cost the church a
severe struggle and the house was not com-
pleted until a year later. In 1877, the build-
ing was remodeled and put in complete repair.
Its steeple was subsequently blown down and
has not yet been replaced. The buildino-
occupies a good-sized plat of ground and is
surrounded by a handsome young grove,
forming the pleasantest church projierty in
the city. Its regular pastors have been, Ellis
Hovi^ell, from 1855 to 1865; R. C. McKinney,
1808-09; Thomns Spencer, 1871-72; George
F. Davis, from 1876. For years the church
had no regular ministry, and its growth, some-
what retarded by this circumstance, has been
slow from the beginning. Of late years, the
Sabbath school has been considerably en-
larged, and the general condition of the
church and congregation much improved.
The entire membership numbers about one
hundred and thirty-two.
The ministers of the Evangelical Associa-
tion, visited this county as early as 1843, and
as many Germans had settled here and were
without church facilities in their own lan-
guage, they gladly seconded the eiforts of the
association in establishing societies. The first
appointment was made at a point about seven
miles southeast of Marshall, in the neighbor-
hood of Mr. Kraemer's. Soon after an ap-
pointment was made for a point four or five
miles east of Marshall, and L. Mannbery
made leader, and another four miles west of
Marshnll, at the house of G. A. Fredenberger.
In 1855, Marshall was made an appointment
and services held at the residences of G. Mar-
kel and others. The first camp meeting was
held a mile and a half southwest of the Grand
Turn. Thus, until 1850, Clark County was
served by two ministers whose labors took
them to Dubois, Spencer, Gibson, Vander-
bilt, and Warick counties, Indiana. The first
German minister in Marshall was John
Schrefley, and was succeeded by C. Augen-
stein, C. Lindner, A. Nicolai, G. G. Platz and
others. The first church was built here in
the summer of 1849, at a cost of about $700.
A few years later a parsonage was built near
the church and subsequently was enlarged and
is now valued at $600.
Societies are well represented in Marshall,
each of the principal orders having lodges
here. Marshall Lodge, No. 133, Free and
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
320
Accepted Masons was chartered October 8,
1856, by Jas. H. Hibbard, Grand Master of
the State, with James C. Robinson, Nathan
Wiliard, Jacob Ziinmerinan, J. P. Woodside,
Thomas Brown, Wm. S. Price and J. S.
Gimbrel, as charter members. The lodge
held its meetings in Benedict's block, later
in a hall north of the court house square, but
more recently have fitted up a hall in
Dulaney's block, where the members now
have very comfortable quarters.
Eureka Lodge, No. 64, Independent Order
of Odd Fellows, was organized July 15, 1850,
in a room over Booth's store. The charter
members were Robt. L. Dulaney, Newton
Harlan, Nathan Wiliard, Albert D. Saiford,
Howard Harlan, Daniel Safford and Ben-
jamin Stover, the latter of whom is the only
one of the charter members now living. The
first regular place of meeting was in Bene-
dict's hall, from which the lodge moved to
the third story of D. D. Doll's building and
later to W. T. Martin's building where the
lodge-room now is. The lodge now has a
membership of ninety-six.
The William B. Archer Post, No. 119,
Grand Army of the Republic, was organize>l
February 21, 1881, with L. S. Kilbourn, M.
O. Frost, Milton Harris, George Slusser et al,
as charter members. They have a Snely
furnished hall in Claypool's block. The
Knights of Honor have a lodge here which
numbers about a hundred members, occupy-
ing the same hall with the G. A. R. It was
organized June 16, 1881.
is^
CHAPTER X.*
YORK TOWNSHIP— TOPOGRAPHICAL— UNION PRAIRIE— THE PIONEER SETTLEMENT OF
CLARK COUNTY— EARLY LIFE ON THE WABASH— BOATING— YORK VIL-
LAGE—ITS GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT— THE RISE OF
CHURCH AND SCHOOL, ETC., ETC.
" It is not now as it hath been of j-ore. "
— WordsirortJi.
THE early flow of emigration coming up
the Wabash reached the territory of
■what is now Chtrk County, in the present
township of York. Very many of the early
members of the community that gathered
here were persons of culture and wealth, and
a society grew up in this vicinity that for
years dominated the county. The general
settlement of this part of the State, and the
incidental changes wrought, effected great
modifications of these characteristics, and the
seat of county influence has long since moved
to the interior. The early precinct included
a large portion of the eastern part of the
count}', but subsequent changes have shorn
Yor'k of much of its early territory, and under
the township organization it was left an area
something less than the regular Congressional
town, and given the name of York in defer-
ence to the nativity of the early influential
settlers. Its western and northern boundary
lines are regular, but on the east, the Wabash
River, flowing in an irregular southwesterly
course, cuts off nearly two sections from the
northern corner and nearly three from the
southern corner, leaving the central range,
however, nearly complete. The southern line
is about two miles and a half long in a direct
line, but the regular outline is broken by the
addition of the section on which the village
of York is situated.
*By J. H. Buttle.
The general surface of the township is
level, with a slight inclination in the central
part toward the southeast. This marks the
line of drainage through Mill Creek, which,
entering the northwest corner, passes diago-
nally to the Wabash a mile above York vil-
lage. The creek has of late years formed a
new channel, which separates from the old
bed about three and a half miles from its
mouth, and takes a more southerly course and
empties in the Wabash River near the limits
of the village. Several ponds emphasize the
general level state of the land, Walsh pond
in the northeastern part, drained by Snyder
Creek, being the more important one. Re-
ceding from the Wabash River, the land rises
by "benches" from the "bottoms" to the
prairie, and then to the highlands of the inte-
rior. The river bank, novvhere in the town-
ship exceeds a height of twenty feet above
the ordinary surface of the water, and from
this the bottom land extends from one to three
quarters of a mile, where a gentle rise brings
one to the level expanse of Union Piairie.
This prairie extended from this point to Mill
Creek on the east, and on the north to a
narrow strip of timber, near the northeiu
boundary, w^hich divides Union from Walnut
Prairie. East of Mill Creek was principally
the heavy timber land incident to this region.
The early settlers found the " bottoms " of this
precinct well wooded, sycamore and walnut
being the principal growth. These trees fre-
quently attained an enormous size, the latter
proving a source of considerable revenue in
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
;;:!i
later days. The sycamore, though less valu-
able, were more remarkable for size. One of
these was found blown down, in the hollow
of which a man rode his horse and found room
to turn him about to ride out.
The soil of the bottom lands is a rich allu-
vial deposit annually enriched by the overflow
of the river. Fields have been cultivated for
forty consecutive years and the last crop
shows no diminution in tlie yield. The soil
of tile prairie is a sandy loam, which is only
Sfcond to the bottoms in its productiveness.
Tliis land has been farmed upon much the
same plan as the bottoms, but not with the
same iuipunitv. Farm lands thus over-cropped
are beginning to show signs of exhaustion,
and farmers are forced to consider how this
loss of vitality of the soil may be repaired.
Clover can not be successfully grown, and it
seems probable that resort must eventually be
had to artificial fertilizers. The soil of the
woodlands is the usual yellow clay of this re-
gion, which is a strong, productive soil for
grass and corn. The latter is the principal
crop of the whole township, though on the
prairie land considerable attention, of late
years, has been paid to wheat growing. The
early interest in the raising of fine stock has
long since died out, and no attention is paid
to this branch of farm industry save the rais-
ing of a few barnyard animals.
At the close of the war of ISVi, the favorite
site for immigration was the Wabash valley,
and settlers from all parts of the country ex-
cited by the descriptions of chose whom mil-
itary duty had brought here, came Hocking to
this region even before the pacification of the
Indians had been accomplished. The first to
reach the present territory of York was
Thomas Handy and his faurly. They were
natives of New York, and came by the Alle-
ghany, Ohio and Wabash rivers to Vincennes,
Indiana. This Ioult tedious journey was made
in a keel boat, and much of the way not only
in danger of perils by water but on land as
well. After a short stay at Vincennes, they
selected what is now York Township for their
future home and late in the spring of 1814-,
landed on the site of York Village. They at
once made their wav to the wood-land east of
iliU Creek and fixed upon a site on section
eighteen. A temporary shelter was con-
structed over a log with brush- wood covered
with bark, and under this the family found
sleeping apartments, the cooking being done
in open air. A permanent cabin was at once
put under way, the father and one son stand-
ing guard against the approach of Indians,
while the others put up the house. A little
later in the year, a son, John Handy, put up a
cabin a little further north. The improve-
ments made here ivere only temporary, as the
land had not been brought into the market
and there was no assurance that the land
could be held against the speculators. Two
years lati-r thev entered Ian 1 on section 16,
which still remains in the famil}'. The next
settler to come to York was William Hogue.
He was a nat^'e of Virarinia and made the
journey from his native State by river, push-
ing his boat up the Wabash, arriving at York
in the early part of 1815. Hogue prepared
the frontier and though a man of good intelli-
gence kept as far from the settlement as pos-
sible. He cleared a small patch of ground
from which he got enough witii the abundant
supply of game to support his family, but
made no permanent improvement, and subse-
quently went to Terre Haute. He was fol-
lowed to York by a brother, David Hogue, in
1816.
In this year came the Richardson and Fitch
families and settled on the site of York Vil-
lage. John and Jo-;eph Richardson were
brothers, natives of New York and had been
prominent and wealthy men of business.
About this time, however, the failure of soma
large speculations had brought about such
332
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
financial ein'iarrassmeut as to force the sac-
rifice of the larger part of their property.
Tljey came by way of the river and landed
on the site of the village of York. John F.
Richardson, the son of John Richardson en-
tered, subsequently, a large amount of land,
a considerable poruion of it being for his father
and uncle who did not care to own property
in their own name lest their creditors should
levy on it. He was a bachelor and was prom-
inent as a business man. His brother George
F. Richardson afterward went to Texas and
succeeded in amassing a large fortune.
Chester Fitch was related to the Ricbardsons
and had suffered with them in a business way,
and owned considerable land in young Rich-
ardson's name. Another arrival of this year
was Jonathan Lindley. He was a native of
North Carolina, and moved from there in
wagons in company with several other fam-
ilies, three of his brothers being in the com-
pativ, who settled in C awford County.
Lindley settled on the northwest quarter of
section 3. John Welsh came from Ken-
tucky by wagon in this year, and settled on
section 12; he was a prominent citizen and
the second sheriff of the county.
About the same time with the Ricbardsons
came James C. Hillobert and family from
New York, by river, and landed on the site of
York Village. Their first introduction to this
new land was characteristic. It was some
days before the family were landed and in the
meanwhile they lived on the boat as they had
done on their journey. A single plank led to
the shore, and in an unguarded moment Mrs.
Hillebert slipped from this to the river. Her
outcry attracted the attention of Welsh who
sprang to her rescue. In her fright she
grasped him by the neck, and it was only by
dint of vigorous blows that her clasp was
shaken off and both were not drowned.
Welsh finally succeeded in grasping her hair
and bringing her to the surface, when both
were helped out of the water. Hillebert was
a man of some wealth, very careful in hus-
banding his gains and a hard worker. He
settled just north of the village of York, where
he put up a blacksmith's shop, primarily for
his own use, but occasionally did work for his
neighbors. A little later in the year 18113,
Joseph Shaw came from Kentucky by wagon.
He had been a soldier in the old Indian wars;
was with St. Clair in his defeat and at the
Battle of Tippecanoe. He is remembered as
an austere, aristocratic man of fine business
qualities and successful in amassing a large
property. There were some exceptions to
this class, however, in the immigration of 1816,
and among these were Isaac Moore and John
Chenoweth. The former was a native of
Viro-inia and brought beside his family, little
more than his household goods and his ener-
getic disposition. He was three weeks mak-
ing his way to this country, cutting his own
roads most of the way, guarding his camp
each night from attacks of wolves and Indi-
ans. He had been a sailor and ship-carpen-
t r and soon engaged in rafting produce, etc.,
down the river. In the spring of 1835, he
went to New Orleans with a raft and reached
Natchez on his return, where he died. Cheno-
weth came here almost penniless, started
a ferry, and by enterprise and energy became
possessed of a large property, but he after-
ward became involved and moved to Coles
County in 1855.
George Catron was a prominent settler of
1817. He was a member of a leading Ten-
nessee family, his brother being an associate
justice of the United States Supreme Court.
Possessed of fine tastes and good education,
he did not possess the faculty of easily iden-
tifying himself with a pioneer community and
was wont to resent the familiarity indulged in
in a new country. Samuel Prevo came in the
same year from North Carolina, and made the
tedious journey of several weeks in wagons.
/^ Qr^X^
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
335
Mr. Prevo settled one mile west of York Vil-
lage, and early took a front position in the
community. He " ran for the Let>;islature "
hut was defeated. Ho was popularly known
as .ludcje Prevo, and liis characteristic perti-
nacity in the pursuit of an object gave rise to
the popular saying of " headstrong as Prevo."
Enoch IJavis was another addition to the
community here in this year. He made no
permanent improvements and supported his
family by trading, and, it was popularly be-
lieved, by counterfeiting. He was a mechan-
ical genius, given to gambling, and traveled
up and down the river plying his trade at all
points from York to New Orleans. At
Natchez he got in difficulty on account of
some counterfeit money and narrowly escaped
hanging by establishing his innocence in this
case at least. After a short stay he left for a
more congenial community. Newell Leonard,
a native of New York, settled on section 28
in this year. He was an industrious and in-
telligent man, and iniproveil a fine farm.
]n 1818, there were several notable acces-
sions. Of these, .Joljn Parker came from New
York but was subsequenily drowned while
crossing Raccoon Creek. The creek was at
fall banks, but, trusting to his team to swim
across, he pinnated in. The wagon box unfor-
tunately floated off and then sank with its
onupant, who was immediately drowned.
William Ketchum also came this year with
his family from New York. The journey
was made by boats and three long months
were consumed on the way. He settled at
first on Grand Prairie in what is now Craw-
ford County, but he came soon afterward to
the vicinity of York Village cultivating a
farm just south of the town. He was a car-
penter by trade and soon found plenty of
work in the thriving town just then growing
up. Reuben Oow, a native of North Caro-
lina, in the same year settled northwest of the
village, and John Salmon, of Kentucky, in
the village. Ambrose Pease came from
Sackett's Harbor where he had lost his prop-
erty during the war of 1813. By sleigh he
came to the Alleghany River and from thence
took a family boat down the Ohio to Evans-
ville and in the spring of 181S came to York
in a keel boat, which proved a difficult under-
taking as the Wabash was high and the cur-
rent strong. They moved into the Crocker
cabin and rented land of .J. B. Richardson
and subsequently engaged in trade on the
river.
In this year Zachariali Archer and his fam-
ily moved into York. Charles Archer had
come the j'ear before and on his representa-
tions and through the influence of W. B.
Archer, the family came to the Wabash
country. Old Mr. Archer was a native of the
County Down, Indand, emigrated to New
York, thence to Kentucky and later to War-
ren County, Ohio, where he had at this time
a good farm. When the siibject of again
changing their home came up, it was thought
that the price of the Ohio farm ("ould be prolit-
ablv invested in Illinois, and the chanaje was
decided upon. The farm was sold, the house-
hold goods placed on wagons, and the mother
and two boys started over land driving with
them a number of, cattle. Th(> father with
his son and his daughter, now Mrs. Hogue,
came by a keel boat, down the Ohio and up
the Wabash. The river journey was accom-
plished only after the most trying difficulties
were overcome. The river was very low and
time and again the men were obliged to drag
the boat over the bars and through shallow
places in the river. On reaching Vincennes,
however, the river began to rise rapidly and
the diffieuly was, then, to make any headway
against the current. The part of the family
that came by land reached their destination
some weeks in advance of the river party.
After making the family comfortable in a
cabin which had been erected in the northern
3"fi
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
part of what is now York Township, they
began to get alarmed at the protracted delay
of the other members. Fears were entertained
that the rise in the river had shipwrecked
them, and the community was aroused to hunt
for some trace of them. They soon put in
their appearance, however, and were enabled
by the high stage of water to float their boat
over the land almost to their cabin. There is
but little to be said of this family's influence
in the settlement. Through William B. Arch-
er, their influence is felt in all the history of
fio county. They were public spirited in the
h'ghost degree and while prospering finan-
cially by their industry, they gave to the in-
terest of the county at large more than tlicy
received.
In 18^0, Jesse ililler came from New York
and settled on the prairie just north of the
village. He was here but a short time, and
is remembered chiefly as the object of con-
siderable excitement in the early community.
His wife was an invalid, and in the dearth of
professional men he prescribed for her himself,
witli such effect, however, as to cause her death.
It was thought that he administered poison
because of his admiration of a young woman
who was a member of his family. The peo-
ple took summary measures to rid the com-
munity of him and he fled, though not in
company with the object of his admiration.
She remained in the settlement and was
probably innocent of any previous knowl-
edge of Miller's crime. Reese Pritchard, a
native of Virginia, came here in 1824:, from
Ohio, where he had immigrated a few years
before. James McGath had come to York
the year before, and his description of the
country had given the Wabash fever to Pritch-
ard. At that time Cincinnati was but a strag-
glinn- little village, and eight lots on a prin-
cipal street were offered to him for a cheap
" bulFs eve " watch he carried, and promptly
refused. He came by boat to Charleston,
Ind., from whence he came Ijy wagon to the
farm now owned by Reason Bell. He sutj-
sequently rented the Hogue farm, on which
he raised 6,000 bushels of corn in one sea-
son, and sold it, delivered, for eight cents per
bushel.
It is impossible to note all who formed a
part of the early settlement in this township.
Enough have been mentioned to show the
character and notoriety of a community which
for years had no equal in this part of the
State for culture, vigor and prosperity.
There was but little opportunity for the dis-
play of fine taste, or the exercise of the pre-
rogative of the "gentleman;" and there were
but few who attempted by their demeanor to
draw any line of distinction between an hon-
est, well-disposed man and the man of gen-
tility. Where this was done it was promptly
resented by those who came from the com-
moner walks of life, and in a pioneer com-
munity they were masters of the situation.
For a year or two this settlement was on the
frontier. The Indians who had enlisted in
the British cause, in the contest of 1813, had
not yet learned that the war was over; and
thouo-h they made no organized raids on the
white settlements, lost no occasion to re-
quite isolated Americans for their defeat in
the national struggle. The early community
of York was therefore in a constant state of in-
security, and many an anxious night was
spent, expecting at any moment to hear the
signal that the Indian hostilities had broken
out with renewed vigor. William Hogue,
who came here in 1815, hnfi practical evi-
dence that this apprehension was not un-
founded. He was a great hunter and had
bad previous experience with the savages, and
was not daunted by a fair hand-to-hand fight
with them. Soon after coming to York, while
out in quest of game, he became awjire that
an Indian, on the east side of the Wabash,
was trying to " get the drop" on him. He
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
hail no thought of retreat, but taking to a tree,
prepared to argue the question with him. The
Indian caught sight of him and sent a bul-
let in close proximity to him, knocking the
bark off the tree. Hogue was at once
on the alert to catch the savage, should he
ex]ii) e himself while reloading his gun.
His opportunity presented itself. The In-
dian making a false step, exposed his back
for an instant, and in that instant was struck
bv Hogue's bullet and killed. On another
occ:ision, while out hunting for deer with
his .-on, he came into fatal contact with an-
other Indian. He had shot a deer and placed
it with his son on a horse to be taken home.
He followed after his son a short distance to
see that he got on with the burden success-
fully, when he caught sight of an Indina
skulking in the woods, evidently following
the bov. To see was to act, and in another
moment the Indian was stretched out lifeless.
In cxplainin^^ the matter afterward, Hogue
said he ordered his victim to "lay low," and
lie did so. Hogue carried the gun and trap-
pings obtained fiom this Indian for years af-
terward. Fortunately for the families lo-
cated here, these summary inflictions of the
death penalty were not known or not heeded.
Hoarue had numerous adventures of this na-
ture, but the general pacification of the tribes
soon followed; and having no better game
to pursue than the animals of the forest, he
became dissipated and finally went to Terre
Haute, where he died manj- years ago.
Indians, principally of the Kickapoo tribe,
were here a little later in considerable num-
bei-s. They came regularly to hunt and make
sugar, but were always on the friendliest
terms with the whites. York Village was a fa-
vorite resort of these nomads for trading pur-
poses, and considerable -traffic sprang up in
exchanging furs and skins for ammunition,
metal trinkets, dry-goods, etc. In 1830 or
'31 these Indians ceased their visits and were
not seen in that vicinity afterward. It was
supposed that the emissaries of Black Hawk
had induced them to join his standard of re-
volt. The ensuing trouble of 1832 greatly
alarmed the people living here. Many be-
lieved that these Indians, once incited to
bloodshed, would return to York for the
double purpose of plunder and revenge for
any fancied slight they might have received.
The wiser ones, however, believed the seat
of war was too far removed to excite any
reasonable fear of attack there, but they
were not less willing and anxious to lend
their assistance in restraining the fiery spirits
enlisted under that savage chieftain. A com-
pany was enlisted in the settlement, a part
of which went forward to join the military
forces raised to drive back the Indians, but
they did not see any fighting. The captain of
the company was .John F. Richard on; John
Dolson, lieutenant; and among the privates
are remembered the names of Thomas \yhite,
Sani'l Dolson, Christian Jeff;-rs, T. F. Cooper,
.foiin Hollenbeck, Woodford Dulaney, George
■Wilson and .John Wilson.
Up to the year 1817 the nearest point
at which goods, groceries or mail could be
obtained was at Fort Harrison, on the Wa-
bash River, a few miles above the present site
of Terre Haute — a journey of twenty-five
miles. Vincennes was the nearest point
south, which then contained some three or
four frontier stores. The only means of com-
munication with either of these points, was
by the river, or over blazed trails easily trav-
eled only on horseback. The necessities of
the situation therefore compelled the majority
of the settlers to depend upon their own
resources, even when they could command
the money for such pioneer luxuries. " Blood
Mills," as they were called, served an excel-
lent purpose for som>. These were pieces
of old tin, punched full of holes and fastened
to a board, like the modern grater, and on
338
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
these the corn was worked up fine enough to
make coarse " dodgers, " or mush, thouhg the
grating was done at considerable risk of
bruises, which gave this contrivance the san-
guinary name it bore. Improvised mortars
were in general use, made either from a sec-
tion of a log or the top of a stump, hollowed
out by fire and some edge tool that the farmer
happened to have. In this, with a heavy
wooden pestle, the corn was reduced to a
condition that could be used for food. The
finest was made into dodgers, while the
coarser made very good hominy. About 1817
Jacob Blaize put up a horse-mill ou the
line of the county west of York Village.
Here the farmers brought their corn, and at-
taching their own team, did the grinding
and paid a liberal toll for the use of the ma-
chinery. It is said on one occasion the Arch-
er family lived for six weeks on lye hom-
iny, unable to get to Blaize's mill for some
meal. It was mid winter when they went,
the snow was deep, and the thermometer —
probably their ears — marked ten degrees be-
low zero. At the mill the father took charge
of the horses and the grinding, and bade
Stephen, who accompanied him, to go into the
cabin and warm. Before he got into the
house, however, he was set upon by a pack
of hounds led on by a bulldog, and was
pretty well used up before the animals could
be beaten off. This mill subsequently passed
into the hands of Benjamin Evans, a native
of North Carolina, who came here in ISltJ.
He ran it in partnership with Samuel Prevo,
and after running it about two years, they
built an improved mill, which was propelled
by oxen on a tread wheel. This was a saw
and grist mill combined, and attracted pat-
ronage for thirty miles around. At best, it
oTOund very slowly and patrons were obliged
to wait for days to take their turn, in the
meanwhile " camping out." This mill, though
running night and day, failed to answer the
demands of the community, and in 1819 John
Parker erected the first water mill in the
county, on Mill Creek. The stones were
made from bowlders found near by, and the
whole structure was little more than a tem-
porary shed. It did good service, however,
when the supply of water was sufficient, and
was a great relief to the settlers who were
wearied with waiting for the ox mill alone.
A third mill was built some years later by
John HoUenbeck. He was a native of New
York, and settled on section 11 in 1816. He
was an enterprising man of business, and at
first enaraged extensively in the river trade,
but observing that there was still a demand
for an improved mill, put up a combined
saw and grist mill on Mill Creek. This was
fitted to grind wheat, and was the first of its
kind in this region of country. People
brought their wheat from a distance of forty
miles, and it was no unusual thing to see two
or three four-horse teams waiting three or
four days for their flour. The mill was in
use many years, and later was moved down
the creek and furnished with a boiler. This
mill continued to servo the public until de-
stroyed by fire some ten years ago.
Most of the early members of this com-
munity came with an intelligent conception
of what pioneer life meant, and brought with
them such stock and supplies as were needed
to make a life in the woods tolerable. But
it was impossible to bring over the long dis-
tance to be traveled, and by the laborious
means employed, any great amount of furni-
ture. A few dishes and cooking utensils,
personal apparel (of which there was no
great surplus), the smaller tools indispensable
to a farmer, and bed clothing, was the limit
of the load. Oxen, cows, and some sheep
and horses were brought in at the same time.
A cabin hastily but substantially put up, the
next care was to provide the necessary chairs,
table and beds. These were generally crude
HISTOKY OF CLARK COUNTY.
339
affairs, constructed out of soft, easy working
timber, and finished with the ax and draw-
shave. Beds were made of skins and fars
of animals, until the first crop furnished
husks, not so warm, perhaps, but less mer-
chantable than the skins. Most of the cabins
were built in the edge of the timber on the
prairie, and the first season was principally-
devoted to learning how to manage the huge
wooden mold-board plow and " breaking
prairie." Corn was the first crop planted,
and what the squirrels and blackbirds left,
matured and yielded a fair return for the
labor, and furnished the family the supply of
food for the year. Stock generally lived
during the winter without shelter, and with
very little more than the prairie hay provided,
ana in the summer thrived on the prairie
grass. Hogs were easily obtained and main-
tained on the nuts that grew in rich abun-
dance on the timber lands. The wolves,
however, proved a source of great loss and
aimoyanoe to the settlement. Young pigs,
calves and sheep, though carefully folded at
night, were the easy prey of these ravenous
animals; and it was only when the last wolf
was driven from the country that sheep, at
least, increased in numbers here, the stoek
only being kept up by fresh importations.
Stock raising in later years became an im-
portant feature of farm industry in this town-
ship, Geo. W. Catron being prominently en-
gaged in this enterprise.
Game was an important feature in frontier
life and in this community was for years one
of the chief sources of the settlers' support.
Deer, prairie chickens, and the small game
that found a shelter in the timber were to be
found in large numbers. Indeed, deer were
shot in self-defense. Fences were no obsta-
cle to them and farmers were greatly annoyed
by them as late as 1845. They would go
tlirourjh a field, bite off the end of the grow-
ing earb, and startled by some alarm would
trample and break down more than they ate,
and this was of such common occurrence that
farmers arranged to guard their fields at
night. One night a farmer was on guard
when he heard a tramping through the corn,
and firing in the direction shot and killed a
neighbor who was out on the same business.
In such a country there were certain to be a
class who made hunting a prominent feature
in their daily avocation. Among these were
John Handy. He kept a number of hounds
and his adventures with wolves were the
boast of the settlement. "William Hogue and
James Parker were others who were noted
for their devotion to and success in hunting.
Of the latter it is said, that he was especially
successful as a bee-hunter. Bee trees were
numerous along the river and their stores
formed a favorite delicacy of the homely fare
of the cabin and when properlj' prepared sup-
plied a powerful intoxicant called Methiglin.
Parker made the discovery of these trees a
specialty and was one of the few who could
trace these rapid winged insects successfully.
On one occasion, it is said he found a tree
with an unusual amount of honey stored in it.
He filled the pails he carried, but there was
still a large quantity which he disliked very
much to leave. He wore buckskin breeches,
and taking them off he tied the ends of the
legs securely and went home bare-legged
carrying his pails and breeches full of honey.
Leather breeches were not uncommon in
York at that early day. Buckskin was the
general wear of the men and moccasins much
more common than shoes. The distance to
any carding mill, made the wool less available
though hand carding was known to some ex-
tent here. Considerable flax was grown
from which jeans were made and linsey-
woolsey by the addition of wool. The latter
formed the greater part of women's outer
wear, and jeans "foxed " on the knees and
seat with buckskin was the holiday clothing
310
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
of the men. In 1818, Reuben Crow came
from North Carolina and settled northwest
of the villase. He brouo-ht with him some
cotton seed, and being familiar with its culti-
vation planted some with such success as to
introduce it quite extensively among the set-
tlers. He afterward erected a cotton-gin on
his place which was worked by horse power.
So extensively was this staple grown that he
worked up a considerable business, taking
toll for the use of his machine. Ketchum
afterward constructed a gin which worked by
hand. A good deal of use was made of this
cotton by the women of this settlement and
largely took the place of flax; samples of the
fabric made is still shown. The climate
proved too variable for the crop, however, and
its cultivation in this country long since
ceased.
With all the earnestness of pioneer life
there was probably much more time given by
all classes to recreation than is devoted to-day
to that purpose. Inside the cabin there was
more necessity for the economical expendi-
ture of time, and the women united play with
muchof their work. After deer skins could
be dispensed with for bed covering, quiltings
brought the women of the neiajhliorhood to-
gether during the day, the men joining them in
the evening. Sugar-making was another
occasion when work and play went hand in
hand. Sometimes several families would join
together and camp through the season where
the largest number of best sugar magles
could be found. The men tapped the trees
and gathered the sap while the women cared
for the kettles and camp. There was always
time in the evening for a gathering of the
young folks and a merry dance. Dancing
was the great in-door amusement of the com-
munity, and a walk of several miles after a
hard day's work only added zest to the enter-
tainment. Wm. Buck, Whalley and Larvill
were noted knights of the bow and were in
constant demand for miles around. Neces-
sity was the mother of invention with them,
and to save their moccasins and shoes, both
sexes danced barefooted, not, however, with-
out some minor casualties. The lioors were
rough and not devoid of splinters, and a
spirited romp was not infrequently inter-
rupted to give time for the removal of a
troublesome splinter. Out-door sports were
such as are common to pioneer settlements,
but here was added to the usual hunting,
shooting and athletic matches, a passion for
horse-racing and gambling. The latter was
undoubtedly encouraged by the river traffic
which brought many in contact with this vice
which prevailed to such an alarming extent
upon the Mississippi River and in the towns
along its banks. It was thus transferred to
York, and practiced to a very serious extent.
Horse racing and horse trading also took on
the more vicious type here. The Richardsons
were noted as horsemen but had the reputa-
tion of being too honest to make money out
of the business, but there were others, not a
f(;w, that were more successful if not less
honest. The outcome here, as well as else-
where, was an unpleasant number of bravvl-
which too often ended in homicide or murders
ous assaults. As a natural concomitant the
use of whisky was unrestrained. This free
use of liquor was not peculiar to th is locality
but at this period the whole nation used it as
a common beverage. The natural habit was
here further stimulated by a peculiar com-
bination of circumstances. Corn was sold f -
eight cents per bushel and must be deliverer 1
at one of the i-iver towns to get that. It was
of no avail at the stores in exchange for
goods and was almost a drug in the market.
Whisky, on the contrary, was always avail-
able, either at the stores in barter or for
shipment down the river, and this at eighteen
to thirty cents per gallon, was a better in-
vestment than the corn. This stimulated the
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
311
construction of stills in various parts of the
country, one of the earliest being erected at
York Village. The consequence was that
large quantities of this liquor were manufact-
ured. Farmers carried their corn to the still
and brought back their whisky, as farmers
of to-day get cider, and where every one had
it a larcre amount was drank. The conserva-
tive force in the society of York seems,
through this lapse of years, to have been in-
adequate to curb or correct the evil, and
when, in most communities, the people were
becoming aware of the nature of this evil and
shaking it off, the settlement of York, had
hardly reached its climax. All elements of
society united in the practice, and the history
of many of the early influential men is clouded
to its close by unfortunate dissipation.
The Wabash River proved, in this respect,
as in many others, an important factor in
forming the character of this settlement. It
required at that time no particular acquaint-
ance with nautical . science to navigate its
waters, and many citizens of the settlement
traded more or less on the rivnr. The lower
river men were often found here in the prose-
cution of their business, and this repeated
contact seems to have been especially eifect-
ive in its evil influence upon the plastic com-
munity. The influence of the river was
scarcely less marked in the advantages it
brought. It ofi"ered an untrammeled com-
munication with a profitable market, and the
enterprising men of the early settlement were
not slow to take advantage of it. The coun-
try produced an abundance of corn, pork,
whisky, hay an i hoop-poles, all of which were
in good demand in New Orleans, and a way
was soon devised to convey these commodi-
ties to market. A rude flat-boat of varying
dimensions was made, supplied with the usual
steering apparatus and shelter for the crew
and cargo. It was then freighted with hay,
or poles, or a variety of the country's products,
and cast off in the stream with a force of three
to six men to manage it. Before the date of
steamboats the main object was to avoid ob-
structions in the river and to float in the
strongest current to the journey's end. On
reaching the Ohio it was a common thing to
lash several smaller boats together, which
gave a greater morhentum and a quicker voy-
age. Arrived at New Orleans and the cargo
disposed of, the timber of the boats was sold
and the boatmen made their way home as
they felt disposed. Thomas Handy, on one
occasion, after he was sixty years old, walked
back, and this was not an uncommon occur-
rence at the inception of the business. Oth-
ers bought a horse and rode home, and both
methods were in vogue until the steamboat
ofi"ered a more satisfactory mode than either.
The adventures uf these river men, if all told,
would fill a volume. Assailed by roughs,
gamblers and footpads, the return trip was
by far the more diflicult one to make, and
many a wreck is reported where the whole
proceeds of a cargo would be expended upon
the gilded vices of the southern city. But
the more experienced traders, among whom
are remembered John F. Richardson, Ambrose
Pease, John Hollonbeck, and Isaac Moore,
found means to avoid these dangers, and to
make the business a source of profit.
Until IS'29 there were no regularly estab-
lished roads through the township. Its official
relations attracted travel to the southward,
Palestine then being the county seat. Busi-
ness activity found its outlet by the river, and
the York settlement was practically isolated
from the interior. Clark County was formed
in 1819, and the new seat of justice established
on the river, so that the irregular trails sufficed
general purposes until the growth of settle-
ments to the north and west demanded some-
thing better. With the establishment of the
National Road and the subsequent line of
stages, a more expeditious and direct line of
342
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
travel was inaugurated, and York began to find
itself cut off from the principal thoroughfare.
The "middle lane road" was first established,
runninor north and south, west of the
Vincennes and Chicago State road, and was
extensively traveled. In the following year
the State road was laid out, and tlirougli the
exertion of J. G. Hillebert, who was inter-
ested in property near the site of Auburn,
another road was laid out by the county from
York Village to the former point. The latter
villase bejran to attract some attention as a
business point about this time. In 1825 the
town had been platted by Chester Fitch as
attorney for John F. Richardson, though prob-
ably the real owner himself. As laid out,
York comprised thirteen blocks of eight lots
each, located on the west fraction of section
4, town 8 north, range 11 west. The base
line was run parallel with the river, which at
this point runs a southwest course. A broad
street was laid out on the bank of the river,
called Water, and parallel with this, in regu-
lar order, followed Union, Market and Cherry.
At right angles to Water street, Broadway,
99 feet wide, extended through the middle
of the plat, while south and parallel with it
ran Green and Fish streets, and north of it
Mechanic and Liberty streets. The town
had been irregularly laid out before this, suffi-
cient to accommodate the business that began
very early to center here, but in just what
manner is not definitely remembered.
The first structure erected on the site of
this village, was a log house erected in 1815,
by Israel Harris. The cabin occupied a
prominent point close to the river brink, near
the end of Broadway, but the bank has since
been so washed away, that only the well re-
mains to identify the spot. On Richardson's
coming in the following year, the cabin, which
had not been occupied, was purchased and
occupied by them, with the Fitch family until
cabins could be erected elsewhere. Joseph
Richardson and his family, including John B.,
his son, retained the Harris cabin; John Rich-
ardson built another nearby and Fitch took
up his abode on his land west of the village.
The latter Richardson was a man of marked
ability, and had served in the New York Leg-
islature. He was an ardent Federalist and
very severe in his strictures upon Aaron Burr,
with whom he had on one occasion in the Leg-
islature, a vigorous debate. His son, John F.,
early engaged in the river trade and veas one
of the most active in it.
In 1817, Elisha Crocker came with his
sister from New York, and built a log cabin
on Water street, near where the remains of
the old warehouse now stands. Here he
opened up a little stock of goods, but four
years later wentjito New Orleans. He was
succeeded by James C. Hillebert, who left his
farm and forge and engaged in mercantile
pursuits. About 1820, French & Wise began
business in York, kept a general stock, man-
ufactured saddlery and harness, and bought
grain for shipment down the river. They
continued only about two years when they
closed out. In the year following the begin-
ning of their business, Benjamin OIney
opened up a small stock but closed out in
1823. Succeeding them, John B. Richardson
beo-an business in a log building on the river
bank in the upper part of town where he con-
tinued for a long time. In 1829, a man by
the name of Snyder put up a frame building
nearly opposite Hillebert's store for the pur-
pose of engaging in trade, but sold it to Hill-
ebert before he purchased a stock of goods.
The building stood on the bank of the river
with a stone store room below. On purchas-
ing it, Hillebert moved his goods into it, and
built a frame extension out to the river's
brink. This was the main warehouse in the
village, and a place of considerable business
until the building of the railroad robbed the
town of its early importance. The extension
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
343
has disappeared, thoujrh the original structure,
preserved by its solid I'ouiidation, still re-
mains. For j-ears the steamboats discharged
the most of their freight for the village here,
and took on a large share of the grain ex-
ported from tliis point.
In 1!S30, James McGath erected a brick
building on Broadway near Water street,
and opened a store in it. He came to York
in 1821, from Virginia, but subsequently
tried business in the village. Two years
later he was succeeded by Woodford Dula-
ney, who continued business here until 1839,
when he removed his stock to Marshall. The
building still stands, the second brick budd-
ing erected in the village. The first brick
was erected on the river bank just below
riillebert's warehouse in 1829. This was
erected for a pork packing establishment, but
after serving this purpose for t,vo seasons the
business was abandoned, and Eli Curtis
opened it as a hotel and entertained the pub-
lie in it for some twenty years. In its
time it was considered one of the finest edi-
fices on the river. The first building which
served as an inn, was a log cabin on Broad-
way, built by Elisha Fitch. He did not pre-
tend to keep hotel, but just allowed people to
" stop over night and get a bite." The wife
of Ambrose Pease being left a widow soon
after coming to York, opened hotel in a little
log house that stood on the river bank at the
north end of the site subsequently occupied
by the pork house. She conducted the busi-
ness for five years, acting as landlady, cook
and chambermaid. At one time she boarded
twelve men and did the cooking entirely at
an old-fashioned fire-place, receiving one dol-
lar and a quarter apiece per week. A third
hotel was kept in a hewed log house near
the central part of the village by Amos
Mnr])hy.
The manufacture of whisky was an important
industry all over the country. At the time of
which these pages are written, the fwer
trade in which corn in the form of whisky
could be more profitably handled, led to the
early establishment of stills John B. Rich-
ardson estalilished the first one, erecting for it
a substantial brick building north of the vil-
lage, near the present steam mill. A large
business was built up here, and large quanti-
tiesof the liquor were shipped down the river.
The business was continued some fifteen
years, when the building was destroyed by
fire and not rebuilt. About 1833 a log
building was erected near the south end of
town, and a distilling apparatus put in it by
a man by the name of Warner, It had a ca-
pacity of about three barrels per day and was
carried on about six years and abandoned.
The building was subsequently burned down.
Another distillery was established about 1810,
in a log building in the southwest part of
town, by .lohn Fitch. It was run about si.x
years and then abandoned, the old cabin
rattling down at last.
Among the early mechanics of York is
mentioned the name of Martin Sparks, who
came here with Parker and Ketchum. He
first settled on Grand Prairie and afterward
moved to the village where he followed his
trade of carpenter. John Salmon was an-
other tradesman; came from Kentucl;y in 1818,
did a cooper business, making pails, tubs, etc.
Thomas Rod and Samuel Doughty were early
blacksmiths. The only professional men
were doctors. The season of 1818 was espe-
cially noted for the sickness that generally
prevailed in the settlement. At times there
were not enough well persons to attenil upon
the sick. An extensive overflow had left con-
siderable debris to decay in the summer sun,
giving rise to miasmatic poisons, that pros-
trated the whole community. This was of
almost annual occurrence, though its elFect
was not always so disastrous. It was the
practice, however, to prepare for an attack o
3-14
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
malaria, as it was known at such times, that
it was idle to expect aid from neighbors.
Among the physicians who lived in York,
^ Dr. Tutt was perhaps the earliest. He was a
native of Kentucky and practiced here for
some fifteen years, when he removed to Mar-
shall. Dr. Seaborn also practiced here for
three or four years, when he, too, succumbed
to the prevalent disease and died. Dr. Ogles-
by, who was something of a preacher as well
as physician, came here from Indiana and
practiced a few years, and is said to have re-
ceived as fee from one man for one year's
services, 6,000 bushels of corn, two yoke of
oxen and a fine horse.
In the meanwhile the village had been in-
creasing in the number of its inhabitants and
area. Before the erection of Clark County
it had been a strong rival with Palestine for
the honor of the county seat, and through the
numerical superiority of its friends and actu-
ated by its jealous fears, the latter town se-
cured a boundary line which would include
York in the new county. This did not check
the prosperity of the latter place. Its busi-
ness increased rapidly and its reputation
spread abroad so that it was considered a
o-ood point to make in the description of
Marshall, in 1835, to state its nearness to York.
The growth of Darwin, however, brought a
new rival in the field, and at the date men-
tioned, was rather bearing away the laurels.
The completion of the railroad in 1870, how-
ever, added the crowning disaster to the
>:own's waning fortune. It is now a pleasant-
ly situated village of some 250 inhabitants,
standing on a moderately elevated plateau,
on the outside of a curve in the river. The
channel of the Wabash near the village is
deep, and runs near the shore, affording ex-
cellent opportunities for loading and unload-
ing boats. The old business houses have
many of them passed away, and not being re-
placed, the business has shrunk within its
modern limits without leaving vacant build-
ings to mar the appearance of the village or
to tell the story of its decline.
In the early time there was not that divis-
ion of labor that is found so eff-jctive in later
days. The demand for labor in all the avenues
of human activity was considerably in excess ^
of the supply of laborers, and all the capabil-
ities of men and women found ample exer-
cise. It thus happened that the doctor was
often the preacher as well, and the preacher
sometimes did not scruple to excel as a hun-
ter and trader, and in one case at least,
showed his mechanical skill in counterfeiting.
The latter com!)ination of gifts was said to
exist in John Parker, who came here from
Kentucky in 1818. He at first squatted on
Mill Creek, where- he afterward purchased
land. He subsequently built a mill as noted
above, and was noted as a successful hunter.
His preaching was somewhat hindered in its
effect by the general belief that it was but
using the "livery of the Lord to serve the
devil." His sons, Joseph, James and B-^nja-
min all followed in the same path, preaching,
hunting and counterfeiting. The whole la n-
ily afterward went to Texas, where it is said
they met a violent death at the hands of the
Indians. The community happily was not
compelled to depend upon such broken reeds.
The needs of the hour raised up men who
preached the gospel without money and with-
out price until the people became able to do
their part in sustaining religious worship.
James McCord was an early self-constituted
missionary. He was an earnest but illiterate
man, possessed a rude fluency of language,
was a ready singer and gained considerable
influence along the line ofthe Wabash River.
He was one of that class of preachers, popu-
larlv known as " Bible pounders," but seemed
especially adapted to the time and place. He
successfully carried on several extensive re-
vivals, and on one occasion in York was en-
HISTORY OF CLAKK COUXTY.
345
couraged by the conversion of some twenty
or thirty persons. On being congratulated up-
on Ills large draught of fishes, herepliej in his
characteristic way, "Yes, we caught a great
many fish if they don't all turn out tad-poles."
Lorenzo Dow, the celebrated Methodist
preacher of New York, held a large meeting
near Holienbeck's mill at an early day, and
Richard Newport, an early evangelist of the
old school Baptist church preached here.
The outgrowth of these efforts, but more
especially of McCord's, wa.s the organization
of a Methodist class at the McGath school-
house, among the earlj' members of wiiich
were the Pritchards, McGath, and Woods
families. This organization maintained a
l)recarious existence until 1837, when the
York Protestant Methodist Church was found-
ed and the two organizations united. The
original members, thirteen in number, were
Charlotte Hillebert, Susan Moore, Amy Baker'
Harriet Dolson, Jackson Barker, Lewis Mc-
Clure, Elizabeth McClure, Mr. and Mrs. James
McCabe, Mr. and Mrs. Isaac Earle, and Mr.
and Mrs. Erastu'- Collins. This church was
organized at the York school-house by the
Revs. McCabe and ^Vithe^spoon, who served
it some time as preachers. Two years later
conference held its first session at York, and
attached the church here to the Mill Creek
circuit. After holding services in the school-
house for some three years, the church bought
ground of J. F. Richardson, and two j'ears later
erected a frame building at a cost of about one
thousand dollars. This place of worship, with
occasional repairs, has continued to serve the
church until the present. There are fifteen
members at present, but the condition of the
organization is not the most prosperous.
Services are held at irregular iiitervals, there
being no regular supply. Among the names
of former pastors are those of Revs. Doyle,
Witherspoon, Richard VYright, Crawford,
Green, Hamilton, and Burkett, the latter
serving in 1881.
Rock Hill Methodist Episcopal Church was
organized about lS'i8, by Rev. Mr. May, at
the Union school-house. It began with about
twenty-four members, and a place of worship
was erected at once on ground donated by
Jonathan Hogue at a cost of $1,'200. The
church still maintains regular services, though
the membership is much reduced.
The York Presbyterian Church was, per-
haps, the first religious organization in the
township. This society was founded about
18"-2.5 by Rov. Samuel Scott, a missionary- of
this denomination, whose field of labor ex-
tended along the course of the Wabash River.
He served without pay, supporting himself by
the cultivation of a farm he owned near Vin-
cennes, and carrying a supply of food with him
on his trips, in a pair of capacious saddle-bags.
The church at York was organized in the
school-house with but few members, and was
served for some years by Mr. Scott. The
church subsequently erected a frame building,
which was burned about 18G3. Three years
later the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions
gave the church generous assistance to build
another. This is a frame building, 40 by UO
feet, and cost about §1,200. The church
subsequently died out, but in 1869 was reor-
ganized by Rev. Thomas Spencer, and has
since maintained regular services until 188"'.
There are about thirty members at present.
An Old School Baptist organization existed
here for a few years, about 18.35, holding
services in the village school-house. Elder
Canady served as pastor and leader, but the
organization failed to mature, and has been
out of existence some twentv-five years.
The schools date from 1818. In this year
an old log cabin on the Fitch farm, which had
been used as a dwelling, was fitted up for
school purposes. The windows were covered
346
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
with paper saturated with coon's oil, the desk
and benches made of smoothed puncheon,
and the floor made of split logs. Here Peleg
Sanford bore the rule and proved a good
teacher. Among his scholars were Samuel,
William, Ira, Reuben and Polly Prevo, Will-
iam Berkley, John Moore, Richardson,
Lewis Pease, Loyal Towsley, Lucy and Anna
Moore. In 1821, another school was taught
in the shed part of the Crocker house, by J.
Niles. Another school was taught near the
Handy settlement, in the deserted cabin of a
squatter, by James Jewell. It was the cus-
tom of the scholars to occasionally lock out
the teacher to make him "treat." Jewell,
however, was proof against all minor devices,
and the older attendants of the school deter-
mined to use more persuasive means. They
seized him and carried him bound to the river,
and were breaking the ice to "duck" him,
when he yielded and promised to treat the
whole school on a certain day. It was, of
course, known throughout the neighborhood,
and on the appointed day not only the whole
school but the whole grown population of the
neighborhood gathered and partook of the
whisky and maple sugar provided, some of
the older ones finding it diflBcult to walk
steadily on their return home. Morrison was
the name of an early teacher, who also con-
ducted occasional singing schools. Robert
F. Taylor was among the earliest teachers of
this township. He came to the county in
1818, and was a man of fine education. He
first worked by the month for John Handy,
and afterward taught school on Union Prairie
as early as 1825. He taught, in 1829, the first
public school, in a frame building on the Mc-
Gath farm in section 28, where the buililing
still stands. Taylor was rather severe in his
discipline, and believed in saving the child
so far as a liberal use of the rod was con-
cerned. Soon after 1830, a brick school
house was erected in the village of York
This was the first of its kind in the county.
York Lodge, No. 313, Free and Accepted
Masons, finds its home in the village. Its
charter was granted October 5, 1859, to Chas.
Johnston, J. S. Cox, W. H. C. Coleman, Sam-
uel Doughty, Chas. Gorham, L. D. McClure,
Enoch Meeker, J. A. Parker, R. Falley and
John Ketchum, as charter members. The
lodge has had a prosperous experience;
erected a hall in 1867 at a cost of S-2,200, and
now numbers thirty-two members.
York Star Lodge, No. 419, Independent
Order of Odd Fellows, was chartered in Octo-
ber, ISrO, to William Evans, W. J. Martin,
J. H. Daniels, H. S. Lee, and John W. Har-
ris, as charter members. In 18T9 the lodge
bought a hall of Elisha Jackson in the Lind-
ley Building. They have a membership of
twenty.
The Grand Army of the Re]3ublic have a
post here. It started with eleven members,
which has since increased. Its meetings are
held in the Odd Fellows' hall.
CHAPTER XI.=*
DARWIN TOWNSHIP-DESCRIPTION AND TOPOGRAPHY-WALNUT PRAIRIE-FIRST STEP
TOWARD CIVILIZATION— WORK AND PLAY IN A NEW COUNTRY—
STERLIN -AURORA AND DARWIN-COUNTY
SEATS— RELIGIOUS, EDUCA-
TIONAL, ETC.
point the first settlement of the township was
" Shall wholly do away, * *
The marks of that which once hath been."
— Coleridge.
DARWIN Township is the outgrowth of
the secon'l settlement in Clark County,
though scarcely later than that of York. The
"Wabash River was then the great thorough-
fare of this country, and the early immigrants,
who appear to have learned little from the his-
tory of the older settlements of the East,
cherished the idea that the subsequent de-
velopment of the country would leave the
prominence of the river unchanged. It
seems to have been expected that consider-
able towns would grow up along its margin
while the interior would never be settled, or
at least, not until the civilizing influence of
the towns should penetrate the wilder-
ness. The result was that the inflow of pop-
ulation followed up the course of the river
until land was found free for pre-emption,
and there settled to grow up with the coun-
try. Darvfin was well situated to attract
early immigration. The river bank was cov-
ered by a heavy growth of timber, and of suf-
ficient height to insure against the rise of
the river in times of freshet. The land
gently rising as it receded, presented for the
most part an unbroken line of fine timber,
whde a numberof brisk streams converging
near the central point of the river line, marked
the site of the predestined city. At this
*By J. H. Battle.
made, and a village sprang up that would
have reached the realization of the settler's
fondest hopes, had th -y been founded on cor-
rect premises. But the railroad and all the
vast development of nineteenth century
civilization touched this land, and the vain
hopes of the pioneer vanished like the mi-
rage of the plains.
The limits of the territory included in the
present township of Darwin coincide with the
lines of the congressional survey save on the
east side, where the Wabash makes a deep and
irregular curve to the westward, cutting off
about eight sections of what would otherwise
be a full township. Like other townships in
the county, in the early history it passed
under another name and included a much
larger area, but was subsequently reduced
to its present outline and named from the
village that gave it prestige. Its surface is
generally rolling, somewhat broken, however,
along the streams and in the northeast, .itid
subsiding into a level prairie in the southeast
corner. The general inclination and drain-
age as marked by its streams, is toward the
elbow of the river above the site of Darwin
village, a little rise at this point forcing the
streams to find outlets into the Wabash above
the village. Big Creek, the largest stream,
simply crosses section 2 and finds an out-
let by a nearly direct southern course.
Sugar and Patrick's Creeks, rise in the north-
western corner and empty into the Wabash on
348
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
section 15 ; and Bolin Creek whioli tlraiiis
the southwest corner, flows nortlieastly and
enters the same bend of the river oii sec-
tion 23. Walnut Prairie covers about four
sections and is defined by Bohn Creek,
the site of Darwin, and the first " bench "
above the river bottoms, and extends south-
ward into York Township where it is sepa-
rated from Union Prairie by a narrow strip of
timber. The river bottoms of Darwin were
distinguished from those in York by a heavy
growth of poplar and walnut, the latter
fringing the prairie here and giving it the
distinctive title of Walnut Prairie. On the
higher ground of the township the principal
timber was hard maple, beech, linn, oak and
hickory. Nearer the river, oak and hick-
ory predominated, a considerable portion of the
latter being small white hickory which fur-
nished an important article of commerce.
The soil of the woodland is a light yellow
clay which is found particularly adapted to
wheat growing. The bottoms are a rich al-
luvial soil which is devoted to corn and con-
tinually cropped without signs of exhaustion.
The prairie is a sandy loam and has the pecul-
iarity of never being excessively wet. The
first settlers, it is said, found no difficulty in
traveling across it at any season of the year,
the turf not easily cutting up even when ex-
cessively traveled upon by wagons. The com-
munity have indulged in very little diversity
of farm industry. The early demands of the
pioneer settlement turned an unusual amount
of attention to sheep raising, but this charac-
teristic has long since passed away and the
raising of corn and wheat with enough stock
to supply the demands of the farm, is the oc-
cupation of the Darwin community.
The early settlement of Darwin was hin-
dered by its very attractions. In 1816,
the lands first came into market for sale, and
the popular notion in regard to this country
being entertained by speculators, a large part
of the more eligible land was promptly taken
u]) by these capitalists and for years held at
such exorbitant figures as to exclude emi-
gration. Among these were ilcCall and Pat-
terson, C. and F. Buttet, Samutl Chambers and
others. Others among the actual settlers,
took advantage of the credit offered by the
Government and put all the money they
could raise into the first payment on lands,
expecting to sell a part of their lands to sub-
sequent settlers; but there was plenty of land
to bo got cheaper and there w:is no sale for it
on such terms. The result w.is that the tim._>
for the second payment came around, the laud
had not earned enough to any more than sup-
port the settlers, a panic ensued and good
land could not be disposed of for seventy-five
cents per acre. The Government extended
the time of payment for eight years but this
in many cases did not save the property to the
sett.er. The speculators fared no better;
and after holding for several years, the
interest and taxes each year adding to
the burden, the speculators brought their
lands to the auction block where they were
sold below government prices. Great losses
were sustained in this, and the rapid growth
of the community greatly retarded. In 181G,
however, the settlement got a beginning in
the family of John McClure. He was of Irish
descent, though born in Kentucky, and made
his way through the wilderness with wagons.
For a consideralile part of the way there was
no trail, and he was forced to chop his road
out before him, guided only by the surveyor's
blazes. He settle d on the west half of section
27, and entered this with the east half of the
northeast quarter of the same section. His
cabin was built on what is now the site of
Darwin village. After erecting a cabin his
first care was to dig a well which was made
permanent by inserting a large hollow syca-
more log.
The public lands coming on the market for
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
349
the first time in 1S!6, attracted attention to
this locality, and quite a number succeeded
in securing lands. Among these was A. Sni-
der, a native of Ponnsj'lvaiiia. He was a
shrewd German, pretty well advanced in
age, and of a somewhat penurious disposi-
tion. He secured 12G acres where Dr. Mitch-
ell now lives, but subsequently sold it to
Armstrong and removed to Hutsonville.
Charles Neely came about the same time;
settled on section 28, on the west side of
Walnut Prairie, where the Indians had had
a village and a cornfield. He was made the
first probiite judge of the new county, when
he rented his farm to .lohn Davidson and
moved to Darwin Village. Another family
that came this year was that of .John Essarey.
He was a native of Kentucky and made his way
here through the wilderness in wagons, cut-
ting his road much of the way. In the same
year came Jesse Ezra. He settled near the
village of Darwin, built one of the first houses
erected in tlie village, and for several years
kept a boarding house. He was a man of
some means, and subsequently went to what
is now Wabash Township and improved a
fine farm.
An early settler in 1817 was Lewis Bohn.
He was a native of Lancaster County, Penn-
sylvania, and came here across the country
in wagons. The route from the East was
not then defined by any trail beyond the
older settlements in what is now the State of
Indiana. For a number of weeks he toiled
through the unbroken wilderness, following
the uncertain guide of the surveyors' marks
and aiming only to reach the " Wabash coun-
try." After a tedious experience of camp-
ing alone with his family by night, and trav-
eling almost unguided by day, he reached
the Darwin settlement. He was well educated
in his native tongue, and became a wealthy
and prominent member of the community,
living for years on the farm he entered west
of the village of Darwin. The Leonard
brothers were early emigrants from New
York. They settled on the eastern side of
the township, near the site of Aurora. Here
they built a double log house and small im-
provements, which they subsequently sold
to Dr. Patrick and returned to New York.
In 1818, Zacheus Hassell came from Tennes-
see and settled on land adjoining the Darwin
plat on the south. He was a man of consid-
erable enterprise, brought in a good deal of
stock and cleared up a fine farm. In addi-
tion to these permanent improvements, he
found time to g'iin a reputation as a great
hunter, and especially for his success in hunt-
ing bees. In 1832 he sold his farm to Zach-
ariah Linton and moved to Wabash Town-
ship, subsequently going to Paris and thence
to Texas. Linton was a native of Ohio, and
soon after purchasing the Hassell farm, en-
gaged in boatinff on the river. An early trip
was to New Orleans with a fiat boat load of
wood. Here he got into an altercation in
regard to selling his load, and in a iiionKMit
of passion struck a man a fatal blow with a
stick of wood. The authorities arrested,
summarily tried him and hung him, with
short shrift, in a few days. His son, Hatha-
way, continued on the farm, became a fine
scholar and prominent in the community and
county; was elected county treasurer and
served several terms.
Samuel Y^ocum, a native of Kentucky, was
a settler of 1821. He was a brother-in-law
of Nathaniel McCIure and settled in the vil-
lage of Darwin, but died soon after he came.
.Jacob Harlan was another accession of this
year. He was a native of Warren County,
Ohio, and an old acquaintance of the Archer
family. Clark County had in the meanwhile
been formed and Win. B. Archer elected
clerk of the county. The business was sm:ill
and Archer had so much else to do, that he
urcred Harlan to come and take the office-
350
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
work and its emoluments. Harlan was a
young unmarried man, and accepting this
invitation, became a member of the new
community. He was subsequently appointed
post master, clerk of the county commission-
ers' court, recorder, judge of probate and no-
tary public, and held these several offices at
the same time. He subsequently married a
daughter of John Chenoweth and erected
a hewed-log house, which is still standing
and used as a residence. Mr. Chenoweth
was a man of considerable wealth, and the
official honors of Harlan seemed to call for a
more than ordinary dwelling, and this build-
ing may be taken for a specimen of an aris-
tocratic residence of that time. It was a
story and a half high, had two rooms and a
ladder leading to the attic. The huge fire-
place was at one end with one of the first
brick chimneys on the outside, and stood on
the corner of Water and streets. Mr.
Harlan was highly esteemed in the new com-
.munity and held his offices until his death
in 1836.
Nathaniel McClure came to Darwin from
Kentucky in 1819. He started with his fam-
ily in wagons from Mercer County witli the
intention of settling in LaFayette, Indiana,
but pleased with the appearance of the settle-
ment here, he stopped with the intention of
raising one crop and then continuing his
journey. In the fall of this year however, Mr.
McClure died, the first death in the commu-
nity if not in the county, and the family re-
mained here permanently. William Dixon
was an early settler also, a native of Ken-
tucky and an illiterate man. He was, how-
ever, a shrewd man of business, and acquired
tlie name of William X. Dixon because of his
inability to sign his name. In 1822, James
P. .lones came to the Darwin settlement and
took a prominent place in the community.
He was a native of New York, had emigrated
to Vigo County, Indiana, and thence to New
Oilcans. In the latter place he engaged ex-
tensively in the lumber trade; but dissatisfied
with the city, he came np the river to Dar-
win, of which he learned thronirh the traders
from that point. He bouglit the Essarey
property in Darwin and kept hotel lor a time.
In 1824, he was elected sheriif, served until
1831, and subsequently moved to Coles
County.
Though begun at nearly the same time,
there were radical differences between the
settlements of York and Darwin. They were
rivals from the very start, though the compe-
tition was not well defined until after the for-
mation of the county. Up to that date the
former settlement was a prominent contest-
ant with Palestine for the honors of thi^ coun-
ty seat, but after the formation of Clark,
while yielding all pretensions to such honors
on account of its geographical situation, it did
not abate one tittle of its pretensions to com-
mercial superiority. In this, its c'a ins scrm
securely founded. Y(jrk was established by
a class of active, wealthy business men who
earlv gave the community a prestige which is
a long stride toward success. Darwin, on the
other hand, had hardly oround to stand ui)on.
The land was no sooner open to purchasers,
than speculators, who had imbibed the popu-
lar notion as to the future of the Wabash
country, began to out-iiid actual settlers at
the land auctions. The result was that the
o-rowth of the settlement was slow and dis-
torted. The energies of the whole communi-
ty were concentrated upon the village and its
development seemed at first to begin at the
top and go downward. The fixing of the
county seat at this point did little for its early
growth as there was lint little business of a
public nature and from the nature of the cir-
cumstances could not bring its prime advan-
tao-e — the attraction of business — to bear
upon the place. Additions to the settlement
at Darwin, were slowly made, however, spec-
'I;
"<^:
^^-Mt^^M^. ^^
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY."
353
ulators forced to yield their gnisp upon the
land, allowed room for expansion, and with
the advantages of a good river landing, and
freed from any powerful rival distributing
point for the country to the northwest and
east it rapidly excelled its early rival. The
earlier comers were those whose taste and
experience fi,tted them best for fanning, and
it was not until about lS"2i, that an active
business class of people came in and turned
the advantages of the location to a valuable
account. Succeeding the lower settlement
with an interval of scarcely two years, Dar-
win was for the moment almost on the fron-
tier. The native " lords of the land " had not
entirely surrendered their hold upon the
country. The last ling-ering embers of the
war of 1812 had died out, and the recognized
home of the Indian had been removed west
of the Mississippi, but large numbers of the
different tribes, loth to give up their hunting
grounds to the irrevocable possession of the
white, still made their annual visits to the
banks of the Wabash. Hunting, fishing, and
making sugar in the season, they loitered
about during the milder part of thevear, beg-
ging, bartering and thieving in a pettv way
until winter when they left for their stores of
corn near their villages. While here the pio-
neers were on the best of terms, the boys of
both people plaving together, and the older
ones engaging in feats of strength and marks-
manship. Traders found them profitable
customers with whom whisky was not only a
" legal tender." but a highly prized commod-
ity in comparison with which all other values
rapidly shrank. Notwithstanding this free
use of " fire water " the Indians seem to have
maintained the most amicable relations with
the settlors until the events of 1833 caused a
cessation of their visits. The outbreak of
hostilities in ISo'-J, though menacing a distant
point, did not fail to have a disturlung influ-
ence upon tiie settlement of Darwin. Thi're
was quite a strong minority that urged the
advisability of the river settlements doing
something to guard against a sudden incur-
sion of these merciless foes of the whites, but
nothing was done in this direction save the
formation of a company under the command
of John Stockwall, which, however, saw no
part of the military activities pertaining to
this outbreak of savage hostilities.
It was upward of ten years before the set-
tlement of Darwin began to depend upon its
own resources for supplies. During the
earlier years. Fort Harrison on the upper
Wabash and Vincennes below, were the points
to which the settlers made long, tedious
journeys for provisions and mail. These
journeys required three days if there was no
delay in securing prompt service, but as that
was almost unprecedented good fortune, the
average grist cost much nearer a week than
three days. Care was usually taken that a
season's supplies should be provided before
the winter set in, but it was no uncommon
thing to find the best judgment thwarted by
unforeseen circumstances when even the in-
genuity of the pioneer was taxed to supply
the meagre fare of the frontier table. Corn
was the staple article in the early settler's bill
of fare. Lye hominy was easily prepared, but
this could not suffice for even the moderate
demands of a pioneer, and various devices
were resorted to, to secure a substitute for
meal. Perforated tin bent upon a board
served as a grater on which the corn was torn
sufficiently to pieces to make a sort of mush
and dodger. Huge mortars, made by hollow-
ing out a firm stump or large block, were
used in connection with a large wooden pestle
for pounding corn fine enough for food. The
coarser part was served up in hominy, while
the finer part did very good service as a
coarse meal in the form of dodgers. The early
mills of the lower settlement did much to re-
lieve this embarrassment, and there were few
354
HISTORY OF CLAKK COUNTY.
who could not either by themselves or through
neighbors, get meal and later, flour for the
purjioses of the cabin. The lack of streams
of sutBcient capacity and stability, but far
more effectively the lack of available mill-sites
in the hands of actual settlers, prevented the
erection of those pioneers of manufacturing
interests, and no mills were erected until
about 1830, and then in the vicinity of the
village of Darwin.
Even with no mills in the close vicinity of
the settlement, the people were not obliged
to live on a corn diet. The second crop, and
often the first, was wheat, and flour was not
a rare thing by any means, after the first few
years. Every settler brought in more or less
stock which his earlier experience had taught
him to be necessary to his comfort, and but-
ter and milk, with the wild fruits and honey,
left little to be desired as accessories to a pal-
atable meal. Besides, cows, oxen and horses,
the Darwin settlement was marked for the
number of sheep brought in early. It was
hardly to be expected that they should escape
the general fate of such defenseless animals
in a new country, but by dint of great care
and fresh importations the stock was main-
tained. The wolves were especially trouble-
some, attacking beside sheep, young pigs and
calves and occasionally a cow. During the
daytime these animals kept in the timber and
seldom molested even sheep. At night, how-
ever, they were abroad and sheep were not
safe, even in the village, unless protected by
a hiofh stake and ridered fence too high for
the animals to jump over. Even persons
were not altogether safe from the large tim-
ber wolf that was the prevailing species here,
and no one thought it prudent to go out at
night without a torch, which served the
double purpose of light and a means of
defense.
The early members of this community were
not especially well-to-do. ISIost of them
brought sufficient capital only to improve a
farm in a country where but little more than
energy and frugality wure recpiired, and these
were, fortunately, sufficient to found a home
here. After the very first arrivals, immigrants
found ojjen doors, and willing hands to assist
in raising a cabin. A single dav sufficed for
the united neighborhood to erect the rude
structure, build a fire-place and chimney and
saw out the logs for doorway and windows.
Into houses in this condition the new arrivals
were generally glad to remove, for free as the
hospitality of the pioneer may have been, it
had no power to increase the capacity of the
caliin, and two families packed a little dwell-
ing, designed for one, to overflowing. Blank-
ets supplied the place of windows and doors,
and furs, skins and blankets spread on brush
or the puncheon floor supplied the beds.
Furniture of all sorts was improvised out of
such boxes and barrels as were brought into
the country containing household goods, or
manufactured from the timber with the ax
and drawshare. Each man was the architect
of his own fortune, and while the whole
neighborhood lent willing assistance in case
of special need, each one was too busy with
his own affairs to ply any trade for general
hire. There was scarcely any medium of ex-
change by which such interchange of labor
could be effected on any extended scale.
Corn and wheat were ground, wool carded,
and cotton ginned on a system of tolls;
schools a little later were maintained by the
subscription of pork, corn or wheat, and shoes
were sometimes made by men who lacked the
small means to start a farm, in the same way,
but the interchange of labor was mainly ef-
fected by " swapping work." The cabin once
erected, the first care was to provide for a
crop. On the prairie land, this preparatory
work consisted of " breaking " and allowing
the land to lie fallow until spring if possible,
but generally a crop was put in at once, the
HISXOUY OF CLARK COUNTY.
355
corn being dropped in every third furrow.
Ill tiie woodland, ol wliich the larger part of
this township consisted, the object was ac-
complished with more difficulty. During the
winter about ten acres would be "cut over,"
the trees felled, cut into logs about twelve
feet long, brush trimmed and limbs cut in
suitable lengths to handle. Early in the
spring an invitation was sent out for a dis-
tance of five to twelve miles to a " logging
bee." There was sure to be a full attendance,
such a thing as " regrets " not being known to
the crude society of the early day. A few
would bring their ox teams,for which there was
generally but little use, if any, in the logging.
The timber was raised on " hand-spikes " and
carried by five or eight men and placed upon
the heap for burning. ^Yhen all was pre-
])ared, the part}' invited would generally be
able to pile up the whole ten acres in a day.
The work was done with a hearty good will,
and never taxed the strength of the workers
sufficiently to prevent their enjoying the gen-
erous meal and dance with which the occa-
sion generally closed. This done, the heaps
were fired and left to the care of the wife and
boys, while the father respomled to the invi-
tations of his neighbors. Thus it was no un-
common thing in the earlier years of the set-
tlement for the mule part of the community
to spend a month or six weeks in the spring
of the year, " logging up " the farms for sev-
eral miles around. Then came the plowing
among roots and stumps and putting in the
crop. There was always an abundant har-
vest. But a small part was needed for the
family or stock and there was no market for
the surplus. In fact, the inroads of game
left very little surplus for the first year or two.
This abundance of game was altogether a
mi.Ked evil. When first planted the crop was
subject to the attack of crows, black-birds
and squirrels, when further advanced the
thousands of wild ducks and geese and tur-
keys sometimes threatened to take all that
was left. Geese were especially destructive
to young wheat, cropping the blade close to
the ground and their droppings killing what
they could not eat. Deer wore numerous, and
wolves, while the timber swarmed with the
chattering game that found shelter there.
"Painters" were too numerous for a feeling
of security though they were generally easily
frightened away or left without danger of
their pursuing a person. On one occasion a
man riding along a trail in the woods was
considerably frightened and his horse con-
siderably scratched by one of these animals
springing upon him from a tree, but it lost its
hold and was soon left in the distance.
Women out picking berries were often startled
by seeing these animals crouched in neighbor-
boring trees evidently meditating the chances
of an attack, but no serious results are known
to have occurred from them here. Without
this abundance of game it is difficult to deter-
mine how mucii of the country would have
been early settled. For a time this was the
almost sole dependence of the pioneer for
meat and added greatly to his comfort if it
.did not render one of the essentials for an
early settlement. The ease with which sup-
plies could be got from the country without
labor, and the sport which it afforded at the
same time, led certain ones of every settle-
ment to lose sight of the demand of the future
and to rely upon this uncertain support. A
few years brought a rude awakening. The
game gradually decreased or were driven ofT
by the merciless onslaught of the settlers and
many found it easier and more suited to their
tastes to follow the game than to turn to the
more exacting duties of farming.
Darwin, like the settlement lower down on
the river, removed from the advantages of
older settlements, learned early to depend
upon their own resources for the comforts of
life. This was especially marked in the
356
HISTORY OF CLAUIC COUNTY.
clothing of the people and the adornment of
the home. The sheep early brought in. sup-
plied the wool which was carded by hand or
taken two or three days journey to some mill
which prepared it for spinning and weaving.
Cotton was considerably grown and added an
unusual facility for varying the clothing for
the hot and cold seasons. But deer-skin was
very largely in use by the men because of its
durability. It was not very good material to get
into on a cold morning or to wear after get-
ting wet, but these were minor discomforts
which were not allowed to excite discontent.
A compromise was early effected between the
linsey-woolsey and buckskin type of frontier
clothing, especially for holiday wear. Jeans
were manufactured at home, and clothing
reinforced at the knees and on the seat, and
on the front of the coat, with buckskin, were
thought exceptionally fine. Several of the
women gained a wide-spread reputation for
the taste and skill with which these somewhat
ungainly patches were made to take on an
ornamental character.
Closely allied with all this serious work of
the community was its sources of recreation.
The demands of modern development have
changed all this. Work and play have been
divorced and so changed in their natures
that they have almost changed places. Divis-
ion of labor and the application of machin-
ery has relieved the serious occupations of life
of much of their toil, while amusements are
placed under such a tariff of social exactions
that a life devoted exclusively to cither shows
very little difference in the outcome save per-
haps to the advantage of a life of labor. This
change is keenly felt by those who still sur-
vive pioneer days, and they are few indeed,
who do not speak with heart-felt regret at the
passing of these "good old times." There
was no spirit of caste in the settlement of
Darwin. The richest were poor, and the poor
lived in abundance, and each one who came
to share the resjjonsibilities of the community
were at once taken into the charmed circle of
frontier hospitality. Logging and cabin rais-
ings brought the men together for miles
around, while quilting, cotton-picking, spin-
ning, apple-paring, and husking brought
together the young and old of both sexes.
These occasions often closed with a supper
and a dance when the men came in. Samuel
Yocum and Thomas Carico were the violinists
in demand and gave their services free of
charge. On holiday occasions, Christmas,
4th of July, etc., a regular ball was the special
entertainment, but " bussing-bees "as the old-
er ones called them, or games of forfeit were the
general feature of ordinary gatherings. Cards
were generally played by both sexes and an
evening call was hardly complete without a
few games of eucher or whist. The sterner
sex, however, seemed to demand a stronger
excitement and shooting matches, horse-rac-
ing and gambling rapidly grew into favor.
Idi fact they became the absorbing pleasure
and Darwin early gained a reputation for
thrjse excitements that was the reverse of
flattering. With all this there was an un-
stinted use of whisky which, contrary to the
usual statement of " old settlers," did make
the people drunk and incite to deeds of ruffian-
ism. The women were generally " tee-total-
ers." Occasionally they sipped a little toddy
but their inliuence was, as a class, against the
use of whisky, although their education did
not lead them to any active persuasion against
it. To this should be added a general dis-
regard for the Sabbath. There were earnest
Christian people in the early settlement, who
had imbibed the Puritan notion of Sunday,
but they were helplessly in the minority, and
the Lord's day was a special holiday for this
vicious class of excitements.
The land which was held by speculators
came into market abo\it 1831, by public sale,
and the township to which the pages are de-
HISTORY OF CLARK COt^NTY.
357
voted rapidly settled up. There had been
some development of business interests before
tins, but the prosperity of Darwin dates from
this change. The farmers found but little
demand at home for their surplus crops and
emulating the example of other settlements
began very early to ship their produce down
the river. When all were engaged it is dif-
ficult to learn when or by -whom the first boat
was sent out from Darwin, but almost every
farmer took part in this undertaking to a more
or less extent. The boats were manufactured
on the banks of the river by the farmer who
used them though it subsequently became a
considerable business to which some devoted
their attention exclusively, selling a finished
boat at a dollar per linear foot. The plan
was to take a fine poplar or sycamore tree,
hew it in rectangular shape about 18 by 24
inches. This was split through the middle
leaving strips about 12 by IS inches and of
lengths varying from 55 to 75 feet. These
were the " gutiwales " and formed the main
strength of the structure. The heart side was
placed outward and on the inner lower corner
was cut a "gain " large enough to allow the
two-inch flooring to rest in it and come to the
level of the bottom of the " gunwale." The
width of the boats was from 15 to 20 feet and
was established by cross-pieces framed in the
"gunwales" at moderate distances apart.
Lengthwise the boat was furtlier strength-
ened by "streamers " running parallel with
the " gunwales " about four feet apart. Upon
this frame work, securely framed and fastened
together, a flooring of two-inch planks was
laid double, pinned with wooden pins and
heavy nails. The boat thus far constructed
was bottom side up, and after being well
caulked the difficulty was to turn it over to
be finished. The practice was to choose a
location on the bank of the river convenient
for launching, and when the work reached
this stage, to turn it on the land, though the
more skillful turned them in the water. If it
was done on the .'and, the neighborhood was
invited, and all joined in lifting the one side
of the wooden leviathan and letting it fall
on brush heaps an.l a multitude of hoop-poles
somewhat inclined to break its fall. This was
attended with considerable risk of damage
and the other way was preferred. This was to
place a temporary board railing on one side
and the ends. Against this an embankment,
of earth was placed on the boat, and thus pre-
pared it was launched into the stream and
towed by yawls into the deep water. The
side of the boat weighted with earth was
placed across the current up the stream and
while held in this position the embankment
of earth was broken in two places to allow
the water to run over the top. The weight of
the earth held one side considerably lower
than the other and on being broken down the
current got such hold of it as to turn it right
under the stream. Great care was necessary
to prevent the embankment from being
broken prematurely, and for those who man-
ao-ed the turning to escape a serious wetting
bv leaping in a small boat kept near at hand.
When turned, it was hauled to shore by a
cable previously fastened to it and then com-
pleted. The " gunwales" were trimmed off
at the prow to give the boat the proper " rake" ;
sides about four feet high were added by
nailing clapboards on studding framed in the
sills or "gunwales," and then the whole was
roofed over with boards projecting over the
sides to shed the water perfectly, and rounded
from one side to the other, the center being
about five and a half to six feet high. About
six feet of the stern was boarded off for a
cabin, provided with bunks on either side
and a stone fire-place with " cat and clay "
chimney. About three feet of the front end
was left inclosed to prevent the greater dam-
ao-e of snags, and when provided with sweeps
on each side and a steering oar in the rear
358
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
the craft was complete. These boats dif-
fered in size and would carry from two to
five thousand bushels of grain. At first each
man was his own pilot, but as the business
increased there were those whose frequent
trips down the river gave their judfrment a
money value, and providing themselves with
published charts of the river, they set up
as pilots. These men were subsequently
hired to navigate the boats and were
paid at first from $50 to $75 a trijo, and
later, according to the length of the boat,
a dollar per linear foot. From three to
eight hands were employed as crew at
about $30 per 'rip, all employes being
boarded on the trip, and all paying the en-
tire expense of their return. The whole cost
of such a trip including boats was from $300
to $400, though a part of this was recovered
by the sale of the boat in New Orleans, which
lessened the net cost by some twenty-five to
seventy-five dollars. If the boat was made
of carefully selected lumber, and the market
was favorable the cost of the boat was some-
times realized.
The quickest trips from Darwin to New
Orleans were one in fourteen days, and one
in sixteen days, the average trip being some-
what longer and depending upon the weather.
The start was generally made upon the
spring flood and if the nights were clear and
light, no snags were encountered, and no
delays occasioned by " tying up " to the
bank at night as a matter of prudence, the
quickest time mentioned could be attained.
But such a favorable combination of circum-
stances were seldom known. These trips
though accomplished by men unfamiliar with
the science of navigation were not free from
serious risks of personal danger and financial
embarrassment. After steamboats began to
ply the Mississippi and Ohio the danger of
being run down by them was very great in
dark nights, and the general practice w;is to
lie by on such occasions. At first the only
signal lights were torches, and later, lanterns.
All experience is related when one of these
boats had entered a shute near one of the
islands in the Mississippi, the crew heard a
steamer coming up the stream. The channel
ran close to the island and the night being
dark there was the greatest danger of a col-
lision. A man was placed on the bow with a
lantern but the steamer seemed to be coming
directly on the boat. The lantern was waved
and everything possible was done to indicate
the location of the boat to the steamer's pilot
but seemingly of no avail; but just at the
point of contact the steamboat sheered off,
but with so small space between that the
name of the boat could be read by the light
of the lantern. On another occasion a snag
struck the rake of the boat so far back as to
let the water into the cargo and as it could
not be reached the boat began to sink. For-
tunately it was loaded with corn on the ear
and after settling down more than half wav
the boat floated and was subsequently saved.
Though such incidents were common the voy-
agers from this settlement never suffered any
serious losses or accidents. This river traf-
fic attained vast proportions, from fifty to
seventy-five boats passing the settlement in a
day during the season, and this continued up
to about 1861 with almost unabated vigor.
With such business activity the develop-
ment of a village was certain, but long before
the business had attained any considerable
proportions a beginning for a village had been
made. A tow^n was platted very early on a
part of, or near, the site of Darwin Village,
probably by Doctor Patrick and John Essarey.
Septer and Charles Patrick were emigrants
from Auburn, near New York, and came here
in 1818. Septer Patrick was a physician of
more than ordinary ability, and both were
active, enterprising men, who appreciated
the advantages of the landing and laid out
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
359
the village of Sterling. In the following \-ear
the county was formed and in connection
with Chester Fitch, Doctor Patrick laid out
Aurora on the bend of the river above Darwin,
securing the location of the county seat at
that point. It is probable that though the
site of Sterling was more eligible for a town,
the persons interested did not coramand land
enough to make the investment profitable
and so moved up the river. The site chosen
had but a single feature to recommend the lo-
cation. The landing is one of the best on the
river, but there was no room for the town
without climbing a bluff which would be the
death of any village enterprise. Neverthe-
less, the county seat was fixed at Aurora,
a courthouse was built, but that was the end of
the project. The court house still remains
to do service as a stable, and a single resi-
dence, that of O. C. Lowell, marks the site of
the ambitious village. The county seat was
subsequently changed to Darwin, which was
laid out on land contributed by John Mc-
Clure, and it is said received its name from
Doctor Patrick after the father of Charles
Darwin, the celebrated naturalist and author.
The prestige of the county seat did little for
the growth of Aurora. The Leonard brothers
and Doctor Patrick moved there and began
some business enterprises, and Silas Hoskin
opened a tavern, but the failure of this enter-
prise was a foregone conclusion. Darwin
flourished as though it had no near rival. John
Essarey was licensed to keep a tavern " at his
now place of residence, situate near John Mc-
Clure's at the head of Walnut Prairie," and
McClure was licensed " to keep a ferry across
the Wabash River at his house." Thus com-
petition was fairly begun between the rivals
at the first term of the commissioners' court.
There was no difference of opinion in the minds
of the people upon the merits of the two situa-
tions, and it was simply a contest between
the energy and influence of Doctor Patrick
on one side, and the judgment of the whole
county backed by the manifest advantage of
the Darwin location on the other. The out-
come could scarcely be in doubt and yet it
was delayed until January, 1823, when by act
of the Legislature the county seat was
changed. The early competition seems to
have aroused no active jealousies, and the
course of Darwin seems to have been hence-
forward as smooth as could be, in the nature
of things. Acquiring the county seat did little
more for Darwin, at first, than to give it a
recognized position as a village and rid it of
an annoying rivalry. In IS, 4, it received a
valuable accession, in W. P. Bennett, a
native of New York, and a prominent attor-
ney. In the same year, John Stockwell, a
native of Massachusetts came. He had wan-
dered to New Hampshire, and in 1S"23, hail
gone down the river as one of a flat boat
crew to New Orleans. Here he met Dr.
Patrick and through his influence, in 1824,
came to Darwin. In the following vear,
Justin Harlan came from Ohio, and Uri Man-
ley from Massachusetts. These accessions,
with others of about the same time, gave to
Darwin that which it most stood in need of, an
element fitted to discharge the new respon-
sibilities laid upon it by the removal of the
seat of justice, with credit and ability.
In 1825 the village was regularly platted
and recorded. The original village compris-
ing sixteen blocks of eight lots each, laid out
parallel with the river, on what was known
as McClure's bluff. It was situated on the
first "bench," commanding one of the pleas-
antest outlooks on the river, and overlooking
a considerable extent of sloping bottom land,
which served as an admirable boat landing.
With the beginning of such individuality
came the hotel. Succeeding Essarey, came
Samuel Baldy; in another part of the town,
Mrs. Nathaniel McClure kept hotel for a
number of years, and James P. Jones. The
360
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
latter occupied the Patrick residence, near
Sackrider's home, and was for the time the
leading hotel. Here the court officers lodged,
and many a tale of frontier fun and hospi-
tality is told of this early hostelry. On one
occasion, when the august minds of the coun-
ty officials were wrapped in slumber, though
the " busy housewife plied her evening care,"
the whole house was aroused and startled by
the screams of Polly Jones, the landlady. It
appears that she had gone to the smoke-
house, intent upon the morning meal, and had
been startled by an unusual stir within the
dark precinct. On investigation an opos-
sum was found and brought in, and the guests
having appeared on the scene in various states
of dishabille, the matter was brought up in a
committee of the whole and ended by deciding
to eat the opossum for breakfast. The com-
pany had hardly returned to their be is before a
second series of screams from Mrs. Jones
once more summoned the household. Again
the disturber of the peace was found to be
an opossum, and the offense seemed so grave
that it was decided to bring the culprit be-
fore the court. Judge John Richardson pre-
sided, Major Bennet and .John M. Robinson
appeared for the prosecution, and Bell, an
attorney here on business before the court,
was assigned to the defense. A jury was
empanneled, and when all was ready the
sheriff, .John Stockwell, brouglit in the pris-
oner. The appearance of the culprit was
very much against it, and nothing could in-
duce him to plead to the indictment. But
little time was taken to prove the facts, and
the defense seemed to rely more upon its
ability to work on the sympathy of the court
and jury, than upon the merits of the facts.
The pleadings of the lawyers are said to
have been masterly in their way; that of the
prosecution loudly demanding the protection
of a helpless community, and praying for the
interposition of the aegis of just law; while
the defense made an eloquent appeal for
helplessness under compromising circum-
stances, and pictured the grandeur of justice
tempered by mercy. The prisoner was ev-
idently alive to the necessity of the occasion
and slowly crawled under the chair of the
judge, an action which his lawyer turned very
effectively. It was apparent, however, that
nothing but the satiated feeling of the court
at the prospect of its first victim, could save
the accused from the extreme penalty of the
law; and it was doubtless a cause of con-
gratulation to the defense that the result was
no worse. The jury brought in a verdict
for the prosecution, and the judge solemnly
declared that the least outraged justice could
demand, was that the culprit should be crop-
ped, bobbed and transported for life to In-
diana. The penalty as to the ears and tail
was summarily inflicted, without eliciting a
murmur from the victim, and the sheriff, ac-
companied by the whole court, repaired to
the river to see that the further penalty of
transportation was effected. Arrived at the
river, the prisoner made his first eflort at
evading the mandate of the law. Mutilation
was severe, but the prospect of a life in In-
diana was too much even for a 'possum, and
in spite of the dignity of the assembled offi-
cials and sundry sticks and stones, he
swam back to face indignant justice rather
than the"Hoosier" shore. It was in vain!
Even such heroic patriotism awakened no
svmpathy in the court. Thrown into the
river again and assailed by a shower of mis-
siles, he made for the farther shore, though
doubtless with strong mental reservations.
It will be a cruel blow to those who believe
in the reformatory character of the law, and
denounce the theory of "total depravity," to
learn that in the following year this same
cropped and bobbed 'possum vras found in
the same smoke-house, seized and eaten.
The first store was opened by Worden &
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
3G1
AVooster, in a cabin fronting on the river,
just north of the Harlan residence, which
was erected by Mr. Kibbey. These mcr-
cliants first made their appearance in Dar-
win about 1S29. They were traders on a keel-
boat, and were in the habit of tying up op-
posite a village for a few days, to supply such
trade as the local stores did not furnish.
They were persuaded by some of the citizens
to locate here, though they stayed only about
a vear. They were succeeded in the fall of
1830 by John and James Waters, who used
the log cabin for a while, but subsequently
erected a brick building, which still stands
on the river bank in the northern part of the
village. These men were active, enterpris-
ing men of business, and began buying grain
and produce of the farmers in exchange for
goods. The grain they marketed in New
Orleans, sending from six to a dozen boats
down the river in a season. James became
somewhat dissipated and did much to hinder
the success of the firm, and subsequently
sold his interest to his brother. John carried
the business on until his death in 1847, amass-
ing considerable property, which he lost,
however, in unfortunate speculations. In the
meanwhile, Knott & Philips opened a small
grocery store in a building which stood on
the river front, near the present mill. Knott
subsequently succeeded to the sole proprie-
torship of the business, and built a large
frame structure, which he sold soon after to
Clark & Geer, who carried on a large gen-
eral store for a number of years.
The ajjitation in reference to a removal of
the county seat, which occurred from 1833 to
1837, had a very depressing influence upon
the prosperity of Darwin. It was felt by its
citizens that the town would sink into insig-
nificance; and this impression had such an
cITect upon outsiders, that these years were
years of stagnation in business matters. Con-
trary to all expectation, however, when once
the matter was decided, the despondent vil-
lage livened into an unprecedented activity.
Roads leading to Charleston, Oakland, and
to Etfingiiam, had been established, and Dar-
win began to grow into a distributing point
hardly less important than Terre Haute.
About this time James and Harry Ross came
from the latter place and did a thriving busi-.
ness. They handled immense quantities of
grain, built and conducted a large pork pack-
ing establishment, and in three years made a
large amount of money. They were suc-
ceeded by Allen Sackrider, who continued
this line of business, and gradually worked
into the commission and forwarding business
on the most extensive scale. In the season
of bad roads, when country merchants found
it difficult to remove their goods, the whole
town seemed to be filled with Sackrider's
consignments. The whole flat in front of the
town would be covered, and every empty
building and stable filled with these goods.
It was no uncommon thing to see three or
four steamboats unloading at once, and it
was a source of considerable strife among the
boatmen to secure a clear space for unload-
ing. Mr. Sackrider carried on a successful
business here until 1868, when he closed out
his stock and went to Terre Haute.
Among the earliest manufacturing interests
of the town was a tannery established by
James B. Anderson about 1829. About 1822
the Patrick brothers built a large log build-
ing on the site of Aurora for a distillery.
Here they manufactured the grain obtained
of the farmers into whisky and shipped con-
siderable quantities down tl\e river. The
distillery had a capacity of about two barrels
per day, and was continued some seven years,
when it was abandoned. Alexander McClure
had another manufactory of this kind at Dar-
win, but continued it only some two years.
The first mill, a saw and grist mill combined,
was built by LeRoy Cory on the river bank
332
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
near the central part of town. It was pro-
pelled by steam, and was burned down, and
rebuilt by Corj'. It was again luirned down,
and rebuilt by Thomas Underwood, and still
serves the purpose of its construction. A
man of some ingenuity, by the name of Ben-
nett, constructed a mill on the bank of the
river with a wheel situated on a float so as to
utilize the current of the river. It was adapt-
ed to the rise and fall of the water, and served
its purpose well until the ice of a spring
freshet carried it off. The prosperity of the
town, however, depended upon its success as
a distriljuting point. The construction of the
railroad from Indianapolis to Terre Haute
struck a staggering blow at this success, the
effect of which was emphasized by the Van-
dalia route in 1870. The present village is a
quiet little town of some two hundred inhab-
itants, with but little to remind one of its early
greatness. A store, blacksmith shop and
mill remain of its business activity, and a
ferry still serves as a connecting link between
the ends of the highway which touches either
shore of the river at this point, but it is no
longer the metropolis of Clark County.
The pioneer preacher in this settlement,
and indeed in the county, was Rev. James
McCord. He was a native of North Carolina,
self-educated in theology, and self-appointed
to the ministry. Traveling up and down the
Wabash valley, he preached in the cabins and
groves, without money and without price. He
was a loud and earnest singer, and never failed
to tell his audiences of his trip up the river on
his first arrival at Vincennes. He was instru-
mental in achieving much good, and prepared
the way for others who gathered much from
his sowing. The first regular Methodist itin-
erant here was Rev. Aaron Wood. He was
a man of good intellectual ability, and be-
came a prominent man in church circles here.
In 1830 Rev. Enoch Bouten, of the Pres-
byterian denomination, organized a chui'ch in
Darwin, among the membars of which were
James Smith, George and Thomas Armstrong,
Mrs. John Chenoweth and John Welch and
wife. Services were held in the old court
house, and for three years Rev. Bennett pre-
sided as pastor. He was a native of Phila-
delphia, an early settler in Coles County, and
a man of good ability. He held services once
a month, but was so strict — actualhj demand-
inc] order durlncj services — that the people
conceived a dislike for him. It is said that
he was an old bachelor, and that this circum-
stance had soured his disposition. Rev.
Thayer, a native of Massachusetts, and a man
of fine intelligence, succeeded Mr. Bennett,
and preached at intervals for upward of two
years. Doctor Baldridge was also an early
minister of this society, but moved subse-
quentl\f to York, where a church was organ-
ized. This organization never erected a place
of worship, and eventually died out.
In the same year a Methodist Church was
formed at Darwin Village by Rev. James
McCabe and the Presiding Elder, Michael S.
Taylor, of the same circuit. The original
members were John A. Williams, Peleg San-
ford and their wives, and Bates Besser and
wife. Services were at first held in the old
court house and in the cabin of John A. Will-
iams, until about 1843, when the church
erected a good brick building at a cost of
aliout $1,100. Among the pastors of the
church were Revs. W. S. Crissey, John Cham-
berlain, Asa McMurtry, John Adams, W. C.
Blundell, Markle, etc. The church
has lost considerable strength by removals,
and is not now in a vigorous condition, serv-
ices now being held irregularly.
CHAPTER XII.*
CASEY TOWNSHIP -BOUXDARIER—GENKRAL TOPOGRAPHY— SOIL-STREAMS— EARLY SET-
TLEMENT—INCIDENTS— VIGILANCE COMMITTEE -PIONEER LIFE— CONDITION
OF THE COUNTRY— INDIANS— MILLS— VILLAGE OF CUMBERLAND-
VILLAGE OF CASEY— SECRET SOCIETIES— SCHOOL HIS-
TORY—RELIGIOUS, ETC., ETC.
" So many j-ears have traveled o'er me,
I and the story ai-e old."
— Bushmll.
THE Township of Casev lies in the south-
western part oi' Clark County and has a ge-
ographical area of thirty-six square miles. It
is bounded on the north by Parker Township,
on the east by Martinsville, on the south by
Johnson, on the west by Cumberland County,
and was known in the Congressional survey
as town 10 north, range l-t west. The north
fork of the Embarras traverses the southeast
corner from north to south, entering the
township in section 24, and leaving from sec-
tion 3G. Quarry's Branch rises near the west-
ern boundary of the township and flows a
southeasterly direction, through an irregular
channel, and empties into the north fork in
section 25. The northeastern part of the
township is watered and drained by Turkey
Run, which has its source in section 3. It
flows a southeasterly course through sections
10, 11, 13, and unites with the north fork
near the eastern boundary line in section 24.
These streams, with their smaller affluents,
afford the principal drainage for the entire
area of the township, and were important
factors in the country's development. The
greater portion of the township is a beauti-
ful prairie, which for fertility can not be sur-
* By G. N. Berry.
passed by any similar amount of territory in
the county. The soil, which is a deep black
loam, is unsurpassed for agricultural pur-
poses and produces large crops of corn, as
well as the other cereals, without the aid of
fertilizers or artificial stimulants of any kind.
With a judicious rotation of crops, the land
could be cultivated for an indefinite period,
without any serious deterioration in its pro-
ductive qualities. The prairies in their nat-
ural state were very wet, owing to the im-
pervious nature of the clay sub-soil, and cov-
ered with a growth of grass so dense as to
completely exclude the sun's rays from the
ground. At that time the country gave but
little promise of what it has since attained
by being brought imder cultivation. The
broken land of the township is I'estricted to
the northeast corner and to a narrow belt
skirting Turkey Run. The greater portion
of this land has been cleared of the heavy
growth of timber with which it was origi-
nally covered and brought under cultivation,
and in its productive qualities it ranks with
the prairie soil, especially in the growth of
wheat. Agriculture is the cliief resource of
the township, although considerable atten-
tion has of late years been paid to stock-
raising, which is rapidly coming to the front
as an industry.
The settlement of Cumberland by white
men dates from the construction of the Na-
331
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
tional Road through its territory, from which
it also took its name. This thoroughfare
crosses the township diagonally in a south-
westerly direction, and was the chief means
of inducing immigration to this locality by
affording easy communication with other
parts of the country. No sooner had the
road been constructed than a line of settle-
ments sprang up along it, consisting princi-
pally of workmen who moved here for the
purpose of securing employment. Several
of these transient settlers made considerable
improvements in the way of breaking ground
around their cabins; but as soon as work on
the road suspended, they moved to other
places. The first entry of land was made in
the year 1830 by Ewing Chancellor on the
northeast quarter of the northeast quarter of
section 20. Chancellor did not move to
his land until about five years later, nor did
he make any improvements before becoming
a resident of the township. The first per-
manent settler was John Doughty, who lo-
cated near the present site of Cumberland
Village about the year 1833, as near as could
be ascertained. Too much can not be said
in praise of this staunch old pioneer who did
as much, if not more, than any other man to-
ward building up the township and devel-
oping its resources. He immigrated to this
State from Indiana and was the first preacher
to locate in the western part of the county.
He was a member of the Baptist church and
assisted in organizing the first religious so-
ciety that had an existence in Cumberland,
and watched over the flock with a fatherly
interest for a period of more than forty years.
He died about the year 1878. Anderson
Arnold came to the country about the same
year as the foregoing, but located, further
south on what is now known as Quarry's
Branch, in section 28. But little is known
of this man, save that he improved a farm on
which he lived but few years, when he sold
out and moved to Coles County. As far as
known, the two persons mentioned were the
only permanent residents within the present
limits of Cumberland Township until the
year 1834, at which time Silas Whitehead
settled on the National Road, about one mile
and a half from the eastern boundary.
Whitehead was a native of North Carolina,
but went to Indiana in 1817, when quite a
young man. He married in the Hoosier State
about the year 1831, and soon after emi-
grated to Illinois and located in the southern
part of Edgar County. He lived in Edgar
County until the year 1834, when he moved
to this township and secured a position as su-
perintendent on the National Road, which he
held as long as the appropriations for the
work held out. When the work on the road
ceased, he entered a tract of land in section
11, which was his homo" until 1854, at which
time he moved to Marshall. His son, Silas
Whitehead, is the editor of the Eastern ILU-
noisan and one of the leading attorneys of
Clark County.
In the year 1835 Joshua Chancellor entered
land in section 31 near the present town plat
of Cumberland. He is a native of Kentucky
and emigrated to Illinois in company with
his father about the year 1829, settling first
near Jlartinsville. He has been a resident of
the township since the year 1835, and has
been prominently identified with the country's
progress and development. The same year
that Chancellor came to the township wit-
nessed the arrival of James O. Hedges and
his son James V. Hedges, who settled in the
National road in the eastern part on section
13. The Hedges came from Ohio, and were
men of some note in the early history of the
township. James O. Hedges remained here
about twelve years when he moved back to
his native State. James V. was a man of
more than ordinary education and for a number
of years was one of the leading citizens in his
HISTORY OF c:LARK COUNTY.
335
community. He took an active part in estab-
lishing schools in the township and the cause
of education found in him a warm fiieiid and
strong advocate. He ac umulated a good
property during his residence in the township
and died in the year ISGO. Prominent among
the early pioneers of Cumberland was Asa W.
Dolson who came to the county about the
year 1836. He settled in section 15, where he
entered a tract of land, but being unfitted for
the rough work on a farm he sold the place after
an occupancy of about six years, and moved
back to Ohio. Dolson had been a prominent
business man in his native State and was in
duced to move here on account of financial
embarrassments.
About this time came .John S. Hix, a Virgin-
ian, who located here for the purpose of
securing employment on the National Road.
Hix had been a man of some note in his
younger days, having served in the army of
General Wayne as commander of a regiment.
At that time he could not have been placed
in the calendar of saints, and his regiment
was characterized as the " Hell scrapings,"
being 1 irgel}' made up of convicts, prisoners
and hard characters generalK'. He resided
in this township for several years, and after-
ward moved to the township of Orange where
he entered land, and made considerable im-
provements. Being of a roving and adven-
turous turn, he soon tired of the tame life of
a farmer, and disposed of his place, and went
to tiie far-away State of Oregon. His death
occurred in that State about the year 181:2.
In tiie year 1836 the following persons were
aiided to the population of the township,
Thomas Scholfield, Henry Bromwell, John
and William Chism, Addison Barbour and
"N^'illiam Shook.
The first named came to the county as early
as the year 1828, and settled in Melrose
Township. He moved near Martinsville in
the year 1832 wliere he entered land on
which he lived until the year 1835, at which
time he entered land in this township, and
moved to it in the early part of 1836. He
lived here about twenty years when he sold
and moved to Oregon where he still resides.
Bromwell came from Baltimore and was a
man of intelligence and considerable note.
He entered land in section 1(5, and was a
resident of the township for twenty years.
His son H. P. H. Bromwell settled in the
township the same year, hut remained only a
short time. He afterward moved to Denver,
Colorado, where he became a prominent
lawyer, and was elected a member of Congress
from that city. The Chisms moved to the
State from Ohio, and selected homes in sec-
tion 28. John resided here for about twenty
years when he sold out and went back to
Ohio. William made but few improvements,
and spent the greater part of his time hunt-
in"-, in which he was a great expert. Shook
was a native of North Carolina, but had lived
in Indiana a number of years before immi-
grating to this State. He settled first in
Edgar Countv, but moved to this township a
few years later and entered land in section
36. He was a resident of Cumberland about
four years, when he sold his land to John
Sloan and moved to Dolson Township, wliere
he died a few years ago at an advanced age.
Addison Barbour was a native of Delaware,
Ohio, where he had gained considerable
prominence as a jjhysician. He came to
this country for the purpose of practicing his
profession, as there was a great deal of sick-
ness among the settlers at that time, espe-
cially malarial disease caused by the abun-
dance of decaj^ed vegetable matter on the prai-
ries, and the wet condition of the ground.
He located near the site of the village of
Cumberland, and foi- a number of years had
ample opportunities of testing his scientific
knowledge on the numerous cases of ague
and other complaints with wkicli tL^ i^itUe-
366
IIISTOUV OF CLARK COUNTY.
ments were afBicted. He continued the prac-
tice of his prol'eBsion in this township until
about the year 1852 at which time he moved
back to his native city where he died many
3'e;irs ago.
Settlements were made in the township dur-
ing the iatun- of the year 1836 by William
Sullivan in section 19, and Levi Mumford
who located in the vioinitj' of Cumberland on
the National Road. Sullivan entered land and
improved a good farm but remained in the
township only a short time. Mumford was
rather a peculiar character, whose great-
est delight was in hunting and he achieved
quite a reputation as a skillful marksman.
Among the early settlers deserving of spe-
cial meirtio.i was Dixon Cobb avIio came to the
township about the year 18 !7 and settled in
the northern part on section 3 where he en-
tered land and improved quite an extensive
farm. He was a native of Virginia, a man of
Herculean strengtli, of strict integrity but of
an imperious and overbearing dispusition. At
that time there was a set of rough characters
living at the village of Martinsville, who kept
the community in a constant state of alarm
on account of their numerous acts of lawless-
ness. Upon the arrival of a new-comer
into the country the first actof these despera-
does would be to "test his metal " or fiffhtinar
qualities, and if a person showed any disposi-
tion to resent their conduct he generally met
with a summary punishment. But few cared
to gain the ill-will of this crowd and thev
were usually allowed to have their own wav.
C^b, though a peaceable man, toi)k as much
delight in a knock-down as the champion of a
prize ring, and in several bouts with the
Martinsville bullies convinced them that he
was not a man to be intimidated or trifled
with. Thev soon learned the man thor-
ouffhU', and his presence in the village was
sufficient to insure quiet during the time of
his stay. He was a man who took great
interest in fine stock and had a span of beau-
tiful horses that were his especial pride. It
IS related that upon one occasion a suspi-
cious character took one of those horses from
the barn yard and rode it off in broad day-
light. Cobb saw the man making off, and
hastily mounting the remaining horse, started
in rapid pursuit. For several miles the race
was kept up at break-neck speed with the ad-
vantage slightly in Cobb's favor. The thief
was finally overtaken and secured, but the
noble horse had been run so hard that it died
a few hours later. The man was taken to
Darwin, at that time the countv seat, and
lodged in jail. In the trial that followed the
thief was acquitted on some technicality which
so exasperated Cobb that he determined to
clear the country of all horse thieves and sus-
picious characters generally. By this time
the public mind was also somewhat aroused
on account of various acts of thievery and at
the suggestion of Cobb a vigilance committee
was formed. A number of persons suspected
of crookedness were visited and warned that
if certain occurrences were repeated they
would be summirily dealt with. This mild
manner of procedure did not suit the hot
blooded Cobb, who insisted that all suspi-
cious persons should be publicly whipped,
which caused some dissension in the ranks of
the regulators, many of whom were not in
favor of resorting to summary measures. A
committee was appointed from this body to
consider the differences and after some delib-
eration concluded not to aci'ept Mr. Cobb's
view of the matter, a decision which gave
rise to a bitter feeling between Mr. Cobb and
members of the committee. Criminations and
recriminations ensued, in the course of which
Mr. Cobb charged Mr. Shook with stealing
hogs,whereupon the latter resorceil to legal re-
dress and broughtasuit for slander. The case
was bitterly contested and drew its slow length
along through several terms of court, enlisting
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
387
tlio interest ol' the entire coraniunity in tlie
wijstcrn part of the county. The suit was final-
ly terminated by a verdict of ten dolhirs in
favor of Mr. Shook. The popular verdict,
however, was so marked against Mr. Cobb
that he soon after sold his possessions
and left the country. He moved near Vin-
cennes, Indiana, where several descendants
of the family still reside. His son, T. R. Cobb,
was elected to Congress from Vincennes.
Daring the year 1837 the i'oUowing entries
were made in the township: Chester E. Fitch,
section 15; Levi Morris, section 2; .John
Kelso, same section; John Davis, section 1;
John F'<:';L>:ernld, section 3; W. J. Wilson,
section ■?; John Montgomery, section 10; Jo-
seph Burch, section 10; Jacob Foltz, section
24; Joseph Atkins, section 36: Isaac Rus-
sell, section 20; P. and J. Peters, in section
r.l. The first three named did not improve
their lands, and were never identified with
the township in the capacity of citizens.
] )avis was a man of great energy and deter-
mination, and Ijecame a prominent farmer of
the township. He was characterized by an
inordinate love of his own opinions, and his
stubbornness became proverbial throughout
the community. He moved to Texas just
previous to the AVar, and died in the army
during the War of the Rebellion. Of Fitz-
gerald and Wilson hut little was learned.
Montgomerj' was a native of Ohio, and lived
in tiie township until the breaking out of the
Rebellion, when he joined the army and died
in defensi; of his country. Of the other par-
ties alluded to but little was learned save the
fact that they all became owners of consider-
able tracts of real estate, and were rather
prominently identified with the country's
irrowth and development. Other settlers who
came in prior to 1840, were D.avid Weisner,
who settled on section oir, Thomas Arm-
strong, on section 2; James Lang, on section
I'J, where ho lived until 1852, at which time
he sold out and moved to California; James
Skaggs, section 28, near the Whitehead farm;
Amos Carlin, a native of Oliio, on section 36;
William Fisher, section 21, where he still re-
sides, one of the prominent citizens of the
township; and John Ryan, on section 13.
The last-named was a man of unusual thrift,
and had been considerable of a politician in
Ohio before emigrating to this State, having
served as sheriff of his native county several
terms. He lived here for a number of years,
and gained the reputation of being a reputa-
ble citizen during the period of his re-idence.
Other settlers came in from time to time, but
a mention of their names would far transcend
the limits of our space. By the year 18'i2 the
population had increased quite rapidly along
the National Road, and in the northern sec-
tions of the township.
In the early history of the country, every-
thing among the pioneers was plain, simple
and in conformity with the strictest econ-
omy. This was not only true of their dwell-
ings, furniture and provisions, but also of
their clothing. For several years both men
and women wore almost exclusively apparel
of home-made manufacture. Cotton goods
were extremely scarce and difficult to obtain,
on account of the exorbitant price demanded
for them. As a consequence the pioneers
found this one of the hardest demands to
meet. Many were the expelients devised
by them, especially by the frugal and eco-
nomical dames; for ever since that unsuc-
cessful experiment devised by mother Eve,
of preparing an entire wardrobe from fig
leaves, womv-n have been greatly gifted in
laying plans and adopting expedients in the
matter of clothing. But clothing was one
of the smallest considerations at that da\-,
beyond a sufficiency to keep one warm, and
the supplying of bread and meat were of far
more importance, and often puzzled the pio-
neers to obtain it for their families. For sev-
368
niSToUY OF CLARK COUNTY.
eral years farming was conducted on ratlier
a limited s. ale, owing to the wet condition
of the soil, which precluded the possibility
of raising any crop, save a little corn of a
very poor tjuality. Meat was more easily
obtained and furnished the greater part of the
settler's fare, as game of all kinds was very
plenty, especially deer and prairie chickens,
the latter of which would often alight on the
cabin roofs in large flocks. Wolves wore
the common enemy of man and beast, and
roved over the country in such numbers as to
prove very destructive to the farmers' stock,
which could only be protected from them by
being securely penned at night in high en-
closures. To rid the country of these pests,
wolf hunts were organized by the neighbors,
■who all turned out on certain occasions with
horses and dogs, and many exciting scenes
were often enjoyed in these wild chases. An-
other source of annoyance to the pioneer
farmer was the prairie flies, which swarmed
over the country in such vast numbers as to
render working by day almost impossible;
hence much of the farm labor had to be done
bv night. To protect the horses against the
attacks of the "green-heads," they were rub-
bed with strong brine, which was the best
protection that could be devised. As the
country became more thickly populated and
the prairies brought under cultivation, the
flies disappeared and but few are now to be
seen in the country.
At the time of the first settlement of the
township by the whites, remnants of the Kick-
apoo, Pottawatomie and Winnebago tribes
of Indians were encamped on the North
Fork and Turkey Run, near the eastern
boundary. They came here during certain
seasons of the year for the purpose of hunt-
ing and were very civil in their demeanor
toward the settlers, with whom they bartered
skins, venison, beads, moccasins, etc., for
calico, pork and various other articles.
Throuo-h the efforts of missionaries the ma-
jority of these Indians had become Chris-
tianized and sustained churches among them-
selves. In the observance of their religious
rites they were very strict, and punished
with severity any infraction of their rules,
such as pilfering, lying and Sabbath break-
incr. It is related that upon one occasion
during religious services, a squaw was de-
tected in the act of cuttirg hair off a deer-
skin. This grave ofi^ense called down upon
her the wrath of the pious braves, who could
not allow such a flagrant breach of decorum
and Sabbath breaking to go unpunished.
At the conclusion of the services the luck-
less olTender was tied to a post and cruelly
punished with thirty severe lashes on the
bare back. The Indians discontinued their
annual visits to this part of the county about
the year 1842, since which none have been
seen in the western portion of the county.
The nearest places where groceries and
other supplies could be obtained during the
early history of the township were the towns
of York and Darwin, at that time mere ham-
lets. Some of the early settlers hauled their
products to Terrc Haute, a town at the time
we speak of about as large as the present vil-
lage of Casey. The first thought of the pio-
neer after securing a home for himself and
his family, was a mill, where he might obtain
bread for his dear ones. Owing to the absence
of facilities no mills were erected in this divis-
ion of the county, and the settlers were
obliged to rely upon the little horse mills of
the surrounding townships for their bread-
stuffs. A small horse mill was built a short
distance west of Casey in Cumberland County,
and was for a number of years extensively
patronized by the citizens of this part of the
county. In order to get their grinding
done people were obliged to take provisions
..^¥
y
IIISTOIIY OK CLARK COrXTY.
371
with them and remain at tlie mill somotimes
as long- as two antl three days awaiting their
resp.'otive turns.
The town of CainbcrlanJ was laid out by
Ewina; Ciiancellor and John Doii.rhty, and
dates its history from the vear LSjij. it was
an outgrowth of the National Ro.id and is
situated in the western part of the township
on the northeast quarter of section twenty.
The first house in the village was a log build-
ing erected by John Chancellor for the two-
fold purpose of store and dwelling. Chan-
cellor brought on a good stock of goods, and
for about ten years did quite an extensive
business, when he sold out to Doughty &
Co. During the early years of the village
it became a prominent trading point and
furnished supplies to the sparsely settled
country for many miles around owing to its
distance from towns of any considerable size.
The early travel oa the National Road, at that
time bei[ig quits extensive, maele the town
a favorite stopping place, and it grew quite
rapidly and soon gained considerable promi-
nence. A number of machanics settled in
the village in an early day, among whom was
James Wilson, who erected the first black-
smith shop in the township, which he operated
for several years. A post-office was established
here a short time prior to the platting of the
town, and Ewing C.iancellor appointed post-
master. The post-oflSce was named for Hon.
Jlr. Casey, at that time United States Senator
from Illinois. The last store in the village
was kept by John Chancellor, who continued
in business until the town of Casey sprang
into existence about the year 1853. The
first election in the precinct of which tlie
township originally formed a part was hold
inthe town of Cumberl.xnd, in the year 1S3S,
when Ewing Chancellor and Mr. Davea
were elected justices of the peace, and
John G. Brown and Joshua Chancellor, consta-
bles. The village continued to gi-ow apace
until the town of Casey was laid out, when.
its business interests were absorbed by the
latter place.
Casey is situated on the southwest quar-
ter of the northwest quarter of section 29,
and was surveyed by D. H. Huimer, .March,
1854:, for John Cole, proprietor of the land.
The first building on the original plat of the
village was a hotel which was erected by
John Lang for the accommodation of travelers
on the National road. Lang was a native of
Scotland and a man of more than ordinary
information and intelligence. He kept the ho-
tel until the time of his death, a few years ago.
Among the first persons to purchase lots and
erect buildings in the village were William
Gordon, William Kline and John Anderson.
The first st'ire was started by John Cole who
erected a house for the purpose in the eastern
part of the town. His stock consisted of a
miscellaneous assortment of merchandise, and
he was in business al)Out three years when he
closed out, and left the village. J. M. Ryau
kept the second store, which he operated very
successfully for a period of six years, when he
sold out to other parties. Among the early
mercha:;is of the place were Thomas Chan-
cellor, H. A. Boyd and M. Sanford, the last
two of whom are still in business in the vil-
lage. The completion of the Vandalia rail-
road through the country gave the town
new impetus and its growth since that time
has been rapid and substantial. A num-
b?r of large brick business houses have been
erected, and at the present time the town
is considered the second place as a trading
point in the county.
The village was incorporated on the 13th
day of May, in the year 1871, when the fol-
lowing board of trustc'js were elected : Lon
Archer, Shannon Wilson, A. J. Snavidy and
Rufus Neal. H. A. Boyd was elected presi-
dent of the board, Thomas Ensign, clerk, Da-
vid Coffraan, town constable, and Wash. Sau-
\
372
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
ford, treasurer. The present officers are the
following: "Wash. Sanford, president, John
Brooks, clerk, H. G. Morris, police masristrate,
Silas B. Tippey, police constable, William
Echelberry, Charles AYeckeriiian, .John F.
Emi'rick, R. A. Young and James Ernely,
ti-ustees.
The Casey mill was erected in the year
1SG9 by Rufus Neal, and is the only mill of
any kind in the town or township. It is a
tliree story building operated by steam, has
four run of buhrs, and with elevator attached
is valued at $9,000. The present owners are
Baughman and son, who are doing an exten-
sive business, and under their management
the mill has gained qiiite a reputation.
A bank was started in the viLage in the
year 1873 by David Steeples. It was known
as the Home bank, and for four years did a
very flourishing business. Steeples had good
credit and large deposits were placed in his
bank, but being of a speculative turn he used
consideralile of this money in his ventures,
and as a consequence became financially em-
barrassed and was obliged to quit the busi-
ness owing to his inability to meet the de-
mands made upon him.
The Casey Bank was started in the year
1874: by Chas. Clement of Rutland, Vermont,
with a capital stock of $50,000. Clement
being the principal stockholder, this bank
was run until the year 1877, at which time it
was discontinued. Fugua and Sanford en-
gaged in the banking business in the year
1877, and continued very successfully until
1879, when the entire ititerest was bought by
Fugua. It has been run since that time
by Fugua and son, who are doing a very good
business. J. O. Fugua is the present cash-
ier.
A publication known as the Casey Times
■was started in the year 1872 by John Garri-
son and B. F. Ward. It was a six-column
quarto and soon reached a handsome circula- [
tion. H. A. Boyd purchased Garrison's inter-
est about seven months after the scheme was
inaugurated, and one year later Ward became
sole proprietor. The paper was started as an
independent publication, but under the man-
agement of Ward it was run on the Green-
back basis, and afterward merged into a full-
fledged Democratic sheet. This vacillating
course proved very displeasing to the Repub-
licans, who refused to renew their subscrip-
tions. Ward continued the paper under
many difficulties until the year 1878, when
the office was moved to Marshall and merged
into the Illinoisun. A second paper, known
as the Exponent, was started in the year 1877,
by a stock company, under the management
of Edward Hitclicock. This paper was Re-
publican and outspoken in its sentiments. It
was continued here during the fall and winter
of 1878, when the office was moved to Mount
Huron, where it is still run under the editorial
management of Hitchcock.
The Casey Advocate was started, June,
1881, by H. G. Morris. It is a six-column
quarto, run on an independent basis and
issued weekly. Mr. Morris has labored ear-
ni'Stly and spared no pains in order to give
the people a paper worthy of their patronage,
and his independent manner of treating the
subjects of the day has won for him many fa-
vorable comments from the "brethren of the
quill" elsewhere. The present circulation of
the paper is seven hundred and fifty.
The Casey Sanner was started, January,
1879, by B. F. Ward. It is a six-colunm
quarto, issued weekly, and is independent in
politics. Its subscription list, which is already
large, is constantly increasing, and the paper
is rapidly growing in favor. Its present cir-
culation is between six and seven hundred.
Casey Lodge, No. 442, A. F. and A. M.,
dates its history from October 4, 1865, at
which time the charter was granted by the
Grand Lodge then in session at Springfield.
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
373
On the charter are the following names of
original members: J. M. McClary, J. W.
Wiiliace, G. S. Hcndorson, John Closson,
Henry Sherman, A. S. Ross, John Wolford,
William Carlisle, A. Jacobs, M. Jacobs, A.
AV. MeMurry, W. H. Sherman, Fred P.jters,
M;ihlon Lee, AVilliam Closson, Andrew Drum,
John Hendricks, William M. Guthrie, Allen
Minor, and Deming Sturdevant. The first
officers were J. M. McClary, W. M.; J. W.
Wallace, S. W.; G. S. Henderson, J. W.;
Henry Sherman, Sect.; and John Closson,
Treas. The officers at present are the follow-
ing: William W. Bruce, W. M. ; Bronson L.
Adams, S. W.; Austin L. Bloomer, J. W.;
Samuel Dosbaugh, Treas.; J. C. Kelly, Sect.
Past Miisters of the lodge are D. C. Sturde-
vant, J. W. Bidsley, and Allen Minor. The
lodge is in good working order, and has on
its records the names of forty-five members
in good standing. The lodge owns the hall
where its meetings are held.
The Jlonroe Post, No. 100, G. A. R., was
organized July, 1881, with a membership of
twenty-two. The meetings are held semi-
monthly in Sanford's Hall. The officers in
charge at present are: John Brooks, Com-
maiuler; Joel Weaver, Sen. V. C; John
Bro .ks, P. C; and S. B..Cook, J. V. C. The
number at present belonging is a!)out one liun •
dred. On the 6th of February, 1881, occurred
a very destructive conflagration, which will
long be remembered by the citizens of C.isey.
The fire originated in the rear end of E. S.
Moore's store building, and had got under
strong headway when first discovered. The
flames soon reached Moyer's residence and
the wareroom of H. A. Bo^-d, both of which
were soon enveloped by the merciless flames.
A few seconds later the meat market belong-
ing to Mr. My^ers, and the buildings on Gil-
kiiison's corner, were added to the list of
vuined buildings. From here the course of
the flames turned the corner of Jasper street.
through the old buildings belonginar to Bovd,
the meat market of Mr. Smith, and the
barber shop of Joe McDowell, all of which
were soon a smouldering mass of bhickened
ruins. The Hays building and the Bnrnap
property adjoining it, were next attacked bv
the fire fiend, and before anything could be
done to stay the flames, both houses were
completely destroyed. From these buildings
the fire leaped to the opposite side of the
street and caught in MeDaniel's shop, which
was soon reduced to ashes. At this juncture
the fire was checked, partlj' through the efforts
of the citizens, all of whom did everything in
their power to arrest the course of the devour-
ing element. Tiie following is a list of the
losses sustained in this most destructive fire :
S. S. Burnap's building, $i50; Hays' build-
ing, ^iOO; H. A. Boyd's stock of goods, val-
ued at -^6,2,")0, Iniilding -liUnoO; Dulaney's two
buildings, §900; ilyers' block, S'.'OO; Wake-
man's building, 8250; Griffin's store-room,
$000; Moore's store-room and stock, §1,100;
and Gilkinson's building and stock, 8'^,000.
This fire fell like a destructive blow upon a
majority of the parties named, but two of
whom had any insurance upon their property
or goods. Boyd and Moore were insured, the
former to the amount of §1,000, and the latter
but $G00. The fire was supposed to be the
work of an incendiary, and a certain suspi-
cious character was at once arrested. W^hile
all believed in his guilt, it could not be legal-
ly established, and in the trial that ensused
he was acquitted. The town soon rallied
from the effects of this calamity, and a num-
ber of substantial business houses soon took
the place of those burned.
The present population of the village is
about 750. The following exhibit represents
its business interests. Four large dry goods
stores, six grocery stores, two drug stores,
two restaurants, one flour and feed store, one
furniture store, five millinery establishments,
3-4
HISTORY OF CLAKK COUNTY.
two hardware stores, one jewelry store, one
butcher shop, two lumber yards, two shoe
shops, one barber shop and one marble shop.
The town is steadily increasinn- in growth
and prosperity and its future outlook is very
promising.
The first school in the township was taught
by Samuel G. Hoskins in a little log building
that stood in the town of Cumberland as early
as the year 1837. The house was erected for
school and church purposes by the neighbors,
each of whom contributed so much work and
one cord of wood. Hoskins was a doctor and
came to Cumljcrhmd for the purpose of prac-
ticing his profession, but not realizing a fortune
in treating the ailments of the liody, he turned
his attention to other pursuits. As a peda-
gogue he was a success and he appears to have
given universal satisfaction to the patrons of
the school. He was afterward elected jus-
tice of the peace and exercised the duties of
that office in a manner not at all satisfactory
to evil-doers. The second school-house in
the township stood near the eastern boundary,
and was fisrt used by James V. Hedges about
the year 1839. Hedges was a man of more
than ordinary intellectual attainments, and
brought with him to his work the advantages
of a collegiate education. His first school
was attended by about fifteen pupils and
lasted three months. An early school-house
stood in the northern part of the township
near the Whitehead farm, but the date of its
erection could not be ascertained. It was,
like all the pioneer school-houses, a log struct-
ure about 16x18 feet, and was in use for a
number of years. The first pedagogue who
wielded the birch in this building was Thomas
S. Batey, of Portsmouth, Ohio, a very good
teacher and a fine scholar. Simon Mercer
taught school at the same place about the
year 1811. The first school in the town of
Casey was taught by Silas Nelson in a little
building which stands in the central part of
the village. This was in the year 1859, and
one year later a neat frame building contain-
ing two rooms was erected for school pur-
poses. It stood where the present school-
house now stands and was first used by D. W.
English. It was in use for about ten years
when the growing population of the village
demanded a more commodious structure and
a brick house was erected in its stead in the
year 1870. This building was two stories high,
contained four rooms, and cost $11,000, a
sum which was considered exorbitant. Owing
to a dcifect in the walls, the house was con-
demned and torn down in the year 18S1, and
replaced by ihe jiresent handsome structure
which was erected during the siimmcr and
fall of the same year. The present building is
brick, two stories high, contains six large well-
furnished rooms, two halls, and was erected
at an expenditure of $r2,()00. It stands in
the eastern part of the village, and in point
of architectural finish is one of the finest
school edifices in the county. The present
teachers are Alvin Smith, principal; .lohn
Arnoy, Juletta Ashby, Rebecca Carr and
Annie Mauring, assistants. The present
attendance of the village schools is about
three hundred and fil'tv pupils. There are in
the township nine school-houses, six of which
are frame, two brick, and one log. Schools
last about eight months of the year, and are
well supported and patronized.
The first religious services in the township
were conducted by the Baptists at the town
of Cumberland as early as the year 1838.
Private residences and school-houses were
used as meeting places for a number of years.
There was no regular church organized until
about the year 1850, at which time the Cu u-
borland Biptist church sprang into existence.
This society was organized at the residence
of Elder John Doughty with the following
members: F. M. Howe, Margaret Chism,
Daniel Gordon, Phebe Chancellor, Burgess
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
375
Riy, John Doughty and Jane Doughty.
Five years later a house of worsliip was
ereirted in the vil age at a cost of about 81,-
200. It is a frame structure -iOx'.yi feet, and
will comfortaljljr seat two hundred and fifty
persons. The first trustees of the church
were John M. Doughty, Francis Doughty,
Enoch James, George Conger and Burgess
Ray. The house was dedicated in the spring
of 1856 by Elder Jared Riley. At the or-
ganization of the society, Elder John Doughty
was called to the pastorate, a position he filled
acceptably for a period of over thirty years.
He was born in Kentucky in the year 1796,>
and moved to Indiana when nineteen years
of age. He united with the Baptist church
at the age of twenty-two and commenced
preaching soon afterward. He was in the
ministry fii'ty-six years and gave the best en-
ergies of his life to the noble work of saving
souls. During the last ten 3-ears of life his
physical strength failed to such an extent
that he was unable to preach publicly. He
died September 3, 1875, at a ripe old age,
universally respected by all who knew him.
The church, at one time the most flourishing
organization in the western part of the county,
has diminished in numbers during the last
ten years, many of the members having died,
and others having moved from the country.
The present membership was not ascertained.
The Casey Methodist Episcopal church
was organized through the efforts of Rev. Mr.
Slater in the year 1S53. The constitutional
members were John Cole and wife, Jacob
Ryan and wife, Dr. Barber and wife, Jacob
Smith and wife, Mr. Andrews and wife, Susan
Nettleton and Mary Long, the last two being
the oidv ones now living in the place. The
church was attached to the Martinsville cir-
cuit at the time of its organization and was
ministered to by Rev. Mr. Slater for two years.
Since then the following pastors have had
charge of the church: Revs. Hungerford,
Harris, Barthlow, Orr, Gay, Palmer, Mitch-
ell, Hornold, Shields, Carrington, Shelby,
Aldrich, Cabric, Hedges, Shoemaker, Dillen,
Pattle, Ganaway, Graham and Potter, the
last named being the pastor in charge at the
present time. Meetings were held in the
school-house until the year 1855, when the
present building was erected. The house is
frame, and was erected at a cost of about
$1,800. It stands near the eastern part of
the villase, on Cumberland street, and is a
very comfortable and convenient structure
with a seating capacity of about three hun-
dred. The church is in a flourishing condi-
tion at the present time, and numbers one
hundred communicants. A Sunday-school
was organized with the first starting of the
church and has been successfully maintained
ever since. It has an average attendance of
one hundred pupils and is under the efScient
management of J. W. Johnson, present su-
perintendent.
A Presbyterian church was organized south
of the village of Casey in the j-ear 1802 by
Revs. C. P. Spinning and J. E. Harvell of the
Presbyter}' of Palestine. It was known as
the Union Presbyterian church and num-
bered nine original members i. e. .John Scott,
Christina Scott, Rebecca Gamble, Elizabeth
Kline, Mary Forester, Samuel A. Peters, An-
geline Peters, Eliza Jane McClain, and a Mr.
McClain. The occasion of the organization
of this church was the settling in the com-
munitv of a number of families from Ohio
and Indiana who had been brought under
Presbyterian influences in their native States.
The society was maintained in a flourishing
condition for some time but gradually went
into decline and the organization was aban-
doned.
After Casey was laid out the scattered
members of Union church were gathered up
and the church of Casey organized February
11, 1872. The organization was effected bv
376
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
Revs. George F. Davis of Lagrange, Mis-
souri and G. A. Pollock ofEfBngham. At
the organization the following names were
enrolled as members : John Scott, Christina
Scott, Elizabeth Kline, Rabecca Scott, G. W.
Yoke, W. T. Adams, Rebecca Adams, Har-
riett Melcher, Amelia Wilson and Mrs. Mar-
tha Bergen. At the first meeting John
Scott and W. T. Adams were chosen ruling
elders and duly inducted into that office.
The church has been served by the following
pastors : Rev. Geo. T. Davis, from April,
1873, to April, 1876, Rev. Philo Phelps during
the summers of 187(5 and 1877, Rev. T. E.
Green from April, 1878, to September 1878,
Rev. R. A. Mitchell from April, 1879, to Oc-
tober, 1880, Rev. J. W. Fulton from Novem-
ber, 1880, to June, 1881. Rev. G. W. Fisher
took charge of the church October, 1881, and
is the present pastor. The present member-
ship is sixty. The house in which the con-
gregation worship is a substantial brick
structure; it was erected in the year 1873 and
represents a value of $:j,000. The Sunday-
school was organized in the year 1874 and at
the present time is in good working order.
The superintendents are P. B. Odeor, and
W. W. Bruce.
The Roman Catholic church of Casey was
established in the year 1879 by Father Kuhl-
man, of Marshall, and Charles Wekenman, of
Casey. The original membership consisted
of the families of Ed. Dyers, Michael Heim,
Mrs. Rodman, Chas. Wekenman and Mrs.
Orth. Their house of worship is a neat frame
edifice 24x30 ft. and cost the sum of S500.
It was erected shortly after the church was
organized and stands in the south part of the
village. Services are held every third week
by Father Kuhlman, pastor in charge.
CHAPTER XIII*
WESTFIELD TOWNSHIP-TOPOGRAPHICAL FEATURES-EARLY IMMIGRATION— SOCIAL
CHARACTERISTICS-GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF SETTLEMENT-RICHMOND
—WESTFIELD VILLAGE-ITS RISE AND PROGRESS— THE COLLEGE-
CHURCHES, MINISTERS AND SCHOOLS.
"Turn wheresoe'er I may,
By night or day.
The things which I have seen I now can see
no more. "
— Wordsworth.
WESTFIELD Township, one of the small-
er divisions of Clark, forms the north-
west corner of the county. But half a Con-
jrressional Township in area, it contains of that
which makes a people prosperous, much more
than its proportional share. The first settlers
were not dissimilar to those who pioneered the
way in other parts of the county, but they
early shook off the habits of dissipation that
so unhappily retarded advancement of society
in the new northwest, and cherishing that
torch-lisrht of civilization, the school, have
achieved a progress of which their descend-
ants may well be proud.
Originally, Westfield was a fine rolling
timber land, somewhat broken along the
streams, but easy to subline and bring under
fruitful cultivation, and very inviting to the
pioneer seeking a home in a new country.
The North Fork of the Embarras River
takes its rise here in eight or ten little streams
that unite within the limits of the township,
or just below, and joined by others as it passes
along the western tier of townships joins the
main stream in the county below. These
water-courses reach out from the central part
to all points of the compass, affording fine
» By J. H. Battle.
natural drainage and a good supply of water
for agricultural purposes. The land is r rich
agricu.tural soil returning generous harvests
of all crops. The native woods contain all
varieties of timber known in this region, wa -
nut along the deep black loam of the creek
bottoms, and oak, maple, ach, etc., on the
light clay of the uplands. Farmers devote
their attention to a mi.xed husbandry, and
good homes and comfortable out buildings
mark their thrift and enterprise.
Situated on the verge of two counties, at
considerable distance from the established
lines of early travel, Westfield was not ad-
vantageously placed for quick settlement.
Fortunately, James Hite settled in Eilgar
county, just north of this township, about
1828 or 1830, and having a large acquaintance
in his native State of Kentucky, by his glow-
ing descriptions of the country was instru-
mental in attracting a considerable settlement
here. Of fhis immigration the first family was
that of James Shaw. He came from Law-
rence county and was probably not known
to Mr. Hite and was attracted hither by
the flourishing settlement in Edgar county.
A small cabin was erected, twelve acres
cleared off, and for a time was the only evi-
dence of civilization within the present limits
of the township. In 1831, Mr. Shaw entered
his land, on section 33, and stayed here until
about 1831: when he sold to Daniel Evinger
and moved to Crawford county. Absalom
Kester followed in the fall of the same year.
378
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
He was a native of Kentucky and went to
Indiana wlien a young unmarried man. Here
be married, and subsequently came to tliis
section of the country in searoli of a site for
a new home. He was attracted by the nat-
ural beauty of the location and fixed upon
land in section 2"^, for his future abode. He
at once removed here and lived long; enough
to see tlie wilderness blossom as the rose, and
a prosperous civilization spriiiar up where once
it was "all woods." He was an earnest mem-
ber of the old school Baptist Church, and a
public-sjiirited man, a type of tlie community
that shaped the destiny of Wustfield. In Jie
following year, 1839, Thomas Frazier made
his way from his native State of Kentucky
along the old trail that led up from that
State, to section twenty-four. Coming in a
wagon he made it his home until he could
erect a cabin. He was an enterprising man
of good laste and brought with h.m an admira-
tion for fine stock, and as opportunity offered
gave great attention to the raising of fine
horses. The farm is now owned by Joseph
Cartwright. Esau Morris came in 1830,
from Lawrence County. He was a type of
the early frontiersman of Kentucky and the
East; entered land on section 19, but spent
the most of his time in the' woods huntmg.
When game became scarce he lost his taste
for the countrj' and selling his land to Jacob
Spears in 1836, he went to wilder country in
the West. A similar character came the same
year from South Carolina, John Waldrop by
name. He was an adventurous fellow and
found life here very tame. He made several
trips to the West on horseback, and twice
made journeys to Texas. On his second re-
turn he sold what improvements he had made
to.JohnG. Morrell and went to Texas tore-
side, where after running an adventurous
career he was killed by the Indians. Will-
iam Comstock was another accession of this
year. He was a Kentuckian and made his
way from his native State by wagon, comsum-
ing two weeks in the journey. He settled
on section 20, where his son, Riley Comstock,
still lives. Alexander Black, a settler of this
year, was a native of Tennessee, and subse-
quently went to Alabama. From the latter
State he came to Westfield by wagon and
settled on section twenty- four, removing
after some years to Coles County. In lS3u
came James Jones also, settling on the same
section as Mr. Black. A number of liis former
neigiibors had made; their way into this
country and from their descriptions he was
induced to come here. He moved his family
over the Kentucky trail by wagon, improved
a good farm on which he lived until his death.
David Bennett came the same year and set-
tled on the same section. He was a native
of Spencer County, Kentucky, and was killed
by falling from his horse four j-^ears later.
His was the first death in the township.
In 1831 William Goodman settled on sec-
tion 19, his brother George coming about
the same time. Both men were noted as
successful hunters and fine marksmen, and
added to their general woodcraft especial skill
as bee-hunters. Neither of them made much
improvement on his land, and went further
west in a few years. Henry Randall and
Elijah Stark, both natives of Kentucky, joined
the settlement in this year. The former set-
tled on section 25 and improved a fine farm.
Stark was a man of fine intelligence, but
rather impractical, and gained more reputa-
tion as a coon hunter than as a pioneer farmer.
James Bell, who came in this year also, was
one of the first violinists of the settlement.
He settled on section 3 5, but made very little
improvement. He was a man of good edu-
cation, had a considerable library, but seemed
to be unfitted for the rugged experience of
a pioneer settlement.
Robert Lowry was an early settler from
Kentucky and settled on section 32; and in
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
379
is:)^ Uxlr.irJ Eistori settled on the same
s 'Ction. The latter was one for whom the
primitive state of the country had the most
attraction, and who gave more of his time to
hunting than to improving a farm. He was,
liDWivor, one of the best judges of the qualitj'
of land in its wild state lobe found in all this
region, and purchasers were.in the habit of seek-
ing his advice in making seleciions. He sold
his property to Charles Briggs in 18o5 ahd
removed to Coles County. Francis Davis, a
brother-in-law of Daniel Bennett, and a new-
comer of this year, was in marked contrast
with Mr. Easton. He was a good mechanic
and settled on section 33, but he neglected
his trade as a carpenter and his work on his
farm for gentler pursuits, which, to say the
least, were less effective toward subduing
the forest. He was a man of tine education
and extensive readin"-, and his retentive mem-
ory gave him such command of facts as to
make him the oracle of the early settlement.
He possessed a large library for that time
and took several papers, of which he wis an
assiduous reader; but fine words not only
butter no parsnips, but cut no trees, and he
never achieved a competence.
Other settlers of 18 12 were William Mack,
who settled on section 33; John W. Brooks,
who settled on section 33 and subsequently
moved to C'lles County; and John Barbee, a
native of Kentucky, a tanner by trade, as
well as a useful mechanic in others. Mack
was something of a " Jack at all trades," and
proved a very useful member of the commu-
nity, building houses, making plows, boots
and shoes, and in the meanwhile cleared off
forty acres of land. Joseph Briscoe was also
a settler of 1833. In the previous year he
came from Kentucky, a young, unmarried
man, as driver of an ox team for James Hite.
For this service he received ten dollars, and
inspired by the possession of so much ready
c;apital, looked about for an investment. He
was pleased with the attractions of Westfield
and entered the land on which Waldrop and
Morrell had squatted. Returning to Ken-
tucky, he married, packed up what house-
hold goods he could secure, anil placing all
on an ox-cart he set out with his bride for tlie
new land. Tlie journey was a tedious one of
two weeks' lengili, but he found a good stai't
in the improvements which Waldrop had made
and sold to Morrell. He satisfied the latter with
twenty dollars, and entered upon his new
possession wliere he still lives. His fath<'r,
Henry Briscoe, came in the latter part of
1835, bringing the balance of the family.
They came with three ox carts aiKl a drove
of cattle, remaining at the cabin of Joseph
Briscoe for eight days, wiiile a cabin was
put up, on section 28. Henry Briscoo was
an old Revolutionary soldier and was pres-
ent at the surrender of Yorktown. He died
in ISiS. Coleman Duncan was an early
settler on section 19; a man of sum j promi-
nence in local politics and one of the early
county commissioners. Samuel Gro-shart was
another early citizen of some prominence in
Westfield. He improved a good farm and
gained consiilerable reputation as a hunter.
After a residence of some twenty years in
this township he moved to Missouri and met
a violent death at the hands of a burglar who
had made an entrance into his house.
Such were some of the leading men who
gathered here. It is difficult in most cases
to distinguish marks of individual. t}- in the
smaller settlements of a county, especially
where all are derived from the same gerjeral
section; but in the early community of West-
field the intelligent observer will find less of
this difficulty. A majority <if this commu-
nity were from Kentucky, : nd most of tho~e
who made this their permanent home were
staunch members of the Old School Baptist
Church. Another fact which had an impor-
tant bearing upon the character of the orig-
380
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
inal community was the presence of men of
literary taste who joined their fortunes to
this early settlement. The rugged experi-
ence of pioneer life and the isolation from
the closer restraints of older civilization, has
a tendency to unduly elevate the importance
of brawn and muscle in the general con&id-
ation, and brawling and carousing are toler-
ated to a much farther extent than where
there are gentler influences to counteract
this tendency. The prevailing custom of the
nation had educated the church of the early
day to see no harm in the general use of
■whisky, and it may not be said that the mem-
bers were free from intoxication; but excess
■was deprecated, and as year by year the in-
evitable result of the practice was foreshad-
owed, they had the moral courage to reject
it. Brawling disputes were never counte-
nanced and the general sentiment v^as favor-
able to intellectual progress. It may seem
puerile at this day to note the influence of
one or two libraries and men of literary taste
who were found in this community; but in
tiie formation period of society even little
factors often lead to large results. These
men, while not commanding the esteem of
their more energetic cotemporaries, neverthe-
less exercised a subtle influence which even
they were forced to recognize. "A walk-
ing encyclopedia " may not be a useful in-
strument In clearing away the forest, but it
exhibits a p jwer not possessed by the aver-
age pioneer and commands respect of the
unlearned and a little less than awe of his
children; audit may scarcely be questioned
that the intellectual progress of Westficld
drew much of its inspiration from these hum-
ble sources. Another favoring condition to
this end may be observed in the character of
the country. To express it in the languanre
of one of the early settlers, "it was a good
poor man's country." The land readily
cleared and the soil submitting to little culti-
vation gave additional value to a poor man's
moderate means, and at the same time a lei-
sure to be employed as the predominent in-
fluence led him. While there were those who
devoted their best energies to hunting, the
rather loss th;\n the propurt.onal share of
game here did not encourage this diversion
beyond the necessity of the family dejuand,
and hence the better influences of the church
and school were here felt at their best estate.
The early years of the Westfield com-
munity were not, however, in marked contrast
with other pioneer settlements. The cabin
reared and the family made comfortable with-
in it, there was an abundant demand for all
the energies of the pioneer in clearing a space
on which to plant a crop. Ten or twelve
acres cleared was the extent of a season's
achievement. On this, corn was generally
planted though occasionally a venture was
made with wheat on a little patch. Mr.
Briscoe's first crop of wheat resulted in a
yield of four bushels. Corn was the princi-
pal dependence, and "hog and hominy" the
general fare. Game, wild fruit, maple sugar
and honey varied this plainer diet but many
times occurred when from the various vicissi-
tudes of life in a new country there was a pain-
ful lack of the simplest food. Considerable
stock was brought in by settlers, cows, oxen
and sheep being almost a necessity. Hogs
were very soon acquired and proved the
staple supply of meat. Such stock was very
easily kept safe from the ravages of wolves
which were very numerous and bold here.
Young pigs, calves, sheep and even colts
were helpless before these savage animals, the
depredations of which were carried to the
very doors of the cabins. Pens formed by
high strong fences were constructed for the de-
fense of these animals and placed near the
house of the owner. About these the wolves
would gather in alarming numbers and settlers
were very cautious in forcing a fight with them.
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
331
0.\ one occasion Jacob MoiTuIl was aroused by
a co.icoarse of wolves howlino- and snapping
about liis cabin in the niffht. His dojr had re-
treated to the steps of the cabin and stood
at i>ay, but when he opened the door and en-
couraged it to the attack it gave a leap into
the pack but did not reach the ground; a
dozen hungry jaws met in its carcass in an
instant, and in five minutes more was rent in
as many pieces over wliich the ravenous beasts
disputed. In the morning only a few bones
remained of what had been a dog. A horse
or cow, though not always safe from attack
themselves, could often beat off an attack on
their young. One of the settlers had a colt
throttled by wolves and succored by its dam,
which could never afterward tolerate the ap-
proach or sight of a dog. In spite of such
discouragements the stock was maintained;
butter and milk were as plentj' as they were
healthful, and the simple demands of frontier
dress were seldom denied the necessary wool
to meet them. Flax, another essential for
the supply of clothing, was extensively culti-
vated and proved a valuable crop in several
ways. The seed had a commercial value, its
tibre a domestic use, while the effect of the
crop on new land was thought to have an ex-
cellent eflFect in "taming" it. The nearest
source of supplies was at first at Vincennes;
later Terre Haute and Paris brought stores
nearer, and Hitesville was founded only six
miles away still later. But store goods could
be only sparingly afforded. Coarse muslin
was 40 cents per yard, calico 50 cents;
coffee 40 and 50 cents per pound and
little but cash would procure them. At
such prices the people could better afl'ord
to make their own cloth and clothing and
use burnt corn for coffee. The principal
source of revenue was the sale of flaxseed,
maple sugar, whisky and grain. The latter
commanded very small prices and not always
a ready market; converted into whisky
and hauled to Terre Haute it was a profit-
able article of commerce but this was not
largely engaged in, however. Maple sugar
was manufactured largely and considerable
quantities sold. The whole family and some-
times two or three families united and spent
the season where the best trees were to be
found, making from five to eight hundred
pounds which was marketed at Vincennes or
Terre Haute for cash. Flaxseed was hauled
to Vincennes ])rincipally and with the other
articles sulBced to supply the cabin with such
necessaries as could not be derived from the
farm.
In 1836, Charles Biggs came to the settle-
ment from Crawford County and rented a
farm near the southern line of the township.
He started a huckstcrina: wairon and bought
of the settlers their surplus butter, eggs, maple
sugar, bacon, etc., and hauled it to the Ohio
River where he exchanged this produce for
goods. With the latter he started a little
exchange store at his residence and a little
later, with the increase of his business, built a
frame store building in which he continued
the traffic for a number of years, when he
removed to the village. In 1829, Benjamin
I. White came from North Carolina and set-
tled west of the present site of Westfield
Village. He improved a good farm and soon
erected a single-geared horse-mill, the first
grist mill in the township. He was an ener-
getic, enterprising man and was satisfied with
nothing but the best of its kind. The ma-
chinery was placed in a log building, IG by 20
feet, but recognizing the fact that there would
be customers in waiting and that M-ithout
shelter the working as well as the waiting
teams would be uncomfortable in bad weath-
er, built a large open shed about forty feet
square. The buhrs were " nigger-heads,"
two feet in diameter and ground a little faster
than one could with a good sized coffee mill.
The story is told, but not vouched for, that on
382
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTV.
one occasion tlie flow of meal ceased notwith-
standing the grinding still went on. After
some investigation it was discovered that a
hen had got near the opening of the hopper
and as each kernel of corn appeared picked it
up. This story may not be susceptible of
verification, but it illustrates one of the in-
conveniences of early milling. This mill was
patronized from near and far and though pa-
trons often waited two days to be served, it
was in good demand until about 1840, when
it was abandoned. A second mill was erected
in 1831, by Fergus Johnson. He was a native
of Kentucky, emigrated to Indiana and from
thence to Wostfield, where he settled in the
southern part of the township on land now
occupied by Dr. Briscoe. This was a double-
geared horse-mill, provided with a shed, and
did a good business. About 1845, Isaac
Koontz bought his mill, but soon afterward
sold it to Lewis Walker who worked it until
1848 and then abandoned it. In 1838, the
first saw-mill, which also contained a run of
stone, was built on section 28, by "William
Lee. This was propelled by an ox-tread
wheel, furnished with a shed which ha^l
become nearly indispensable, and made a fur-
ther innovation by providing the motive
power. This also found plenty of patronage
until about 1840, when the machinery was
sold and removed. Such prosperity in this
line of industry induced William Neal, in
18-i9, to erect a single-geared mill on section
33, but this was a rude affair and though fur-
nished with the convenience of a shed, did
not continue more than four or five years.
Abner Stark had a double-geared horse-mill
at the crossroads in the eastern part of town
as early as 1837, which ran some fifteen years.
Here an attempt was made to bolt fljur bj'
hand and had quite a paying patronage.
The early cabins have long since passed awav
from this township, and neat frame houses
have taken their places. This is one of the
evidences of thrift and enterprise to hi found
here, and the farm improvements are not less
marked in this direction. These m-.uks of
improvement began quite early, and during
that period when villages were springing up
by the hundred throughout the State, it is
not surprising that tliere should be some
attempt in the thriving settlement of West-
field. Tiie mania took form here in 183u,
when B. I. Wliite laid out the village of New
Richmond upon a part of his farm. There
was at that time nothing in the history or cir-
cumstances of the settlement to suggest the
necessity or advantage of a town, save the
popular idea that each distinct settlement was
sure to give rise to the citj' of the future, and
he would be most fortunate who made the
first plat. It was with some such impression
that Mr. White laid out New Richmond
which was not planned on an ambitious scale
there being only nine blocks of eight lots
each. The project did not receive an enthu-
siastic indorsement by the rapid sale of lots,
though Stephen Sargent did in the same year
secure a lot and erect a hewed log cabin on
it. This was a business venture which sur-
vived only three years. About the same time
James Folger started a little grocery, the
principal part of his stock being whisk}'.
It became the rendezvous for all the rougher
element in the country about. Sylvester
Lewis started a blacksmith shop here quite
early. In 1840, Thomas Hiss, sunk vats and
ben-an a tannery business, which prospered
for some years when he sold out to Wood &
Hays, who continued the enterprise for a few
years and abandoned it. As a speculation
the platting of the town proved a failure. But
few lots were sold, and the village finally lost
its individuality in that of its more prosper-
ous successor, Westfield.
At the time of the laying out of New Rich-
mond there had just been located a road from
Darwin to Charleston in Edgar County. This
niSTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
^33
was a Stiite road and promised to be a con- |
sidorable thorouoht'are as all llie goods for that
upper country wore hauled by wapfon from the j
^Vabash River. It was viewed by Isaac P. i
Douj>l)hetee, Nathaniel Parker and S. D. :
Handy, and vv;is subsequent! .■ surveyed by
the latter. In 18o5, the citizens were warned |
out to work on this road. In its course
throun-h the Westlicld settlement the estab-
lished line passed throuj^h a piece of timber
owned by Abijaii Darnell who very much
objected to the way in which it affected his
property. "When the working force reached
this part of the road he met them with a prop-
osition to deflect the line so as to leave his ^
"wood pasture" intact. How hard when
love and duty clash! Tlie roadmakers hesi-
tated, parleyed and yielded. It was clear
that they had no authority to change the line
legally established, but Darnell had not come
to them unarmed. He brought a big jug
which he intimated contained whisky, and
the leader of the working party, anxious to
impose the burden of the responsibility upon
the whole force alike, went over a log where
the man and jug were and called for a divis
ion of the house. Those who were in favor
of changinn; the line and incidentally in favor
of the whisky, were to come on his side of
the log, and those oppos d, should there be
any so lost to the charms of the pioneer bever-
age, were to remain on the dry side. It is
needless to say that the unanimous voice was
in favor of the jug. The road thus changed
served the public for a number of years,
when it was found convenient by later owners
of the propi-rty to change it to the original
line. A few years later the Marshall and
Charleston road was laid. Through the in-
fluence of Col. An-her, the Legislature
appointed Stephen Handy, Wm. Mars and
Wm. Swam as mceiA'ers-of the proposed route,
wiiich led from/ Marshall to Clarkville and
thence west thiibugh the middle of Wcstfield
Township to the village, and thence at right
angles to the north on the older road. The
viewers reporteil against locating the road on
account of the blufls near Mill Creek. Archer,
however, had set his heart upon the project,
and at his own expLMise, he employed twenty
men, surveyed and cut out the road si.xty feet
wide and placed mile stones along the whole
length to Westfield.
The laying out of this road was conceived
bv Col. Archer in a desire to make Marshall
easily accessible from all parts of the county,
and was with reference to the future prosper-
ity of the county seat, that in 1839, he platted
the village of Westfield. It was hojied that
a thriving town in this part of the county
would attract immigration from the river
country and surround Marshall with prosper-
ous settlements which would eventually in-
ure to its benefit. It is suggested that
"Westfield village was an independent specu-
lation, but while the sale of lots at a profit
was incidental to his plan, Mr. Archer may
well be credited with the broader plan which
is much more in keeping with his genius and
history. The village was laid out on the
cross roads on the line between sections 29 and
30, and consisted of forty-si.\ blocks varying
in size. State street passing east and west
through the plat, and Washington street pass-
ing through the center at right angles to the
former, and through these streets passed the
two roads mentioned above. With his cus-
tomary public spirit, he donated block 29, as
a public square, blocks 5 and 39 for school
purposes, and block 19 for a meeting house.
The founder was prevented by financial em-
barrassments from presiding long over the
destinies of the village, and in the following
year sold the plat to David Evinger, and his
two sisters, Polly and Catherine Evinger. The
latter owners brought the lots first into mar-
ket, the first lot being sold to Thomas Tefft,
who subsequently erected a log cabin in the
M^'
.^e'v^
384
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
north part of town on Washington street and
there kept the first post-office in the town-
ship. AraonsT others who purchased lots were
Samuel Teflft, J. C. Skinner, a blacksmith,
Wm. P. Bennett, John Fiers, Katlian Teii't
and Watkins, who came to work in the mill,
■where he was subsequenth' killed.
In 1841, David Evinger erected a log
building for the double purpose of store and
residence and rented it to Charles Whitlock
■who brought in the first stock of goods into
this village. He carried on the business about
two years, when he moved away. In 1844,
William Hampton opened the second store in
a building erected by Catherine Evinger in
the year 1842. This was a story and a half
frame building and stood on Washington
street. After running the store two years he
sold out to Thomas Moore, who, a year later,
entered into partnership with Michael York.
The latter became sole proprietor in 18U(3, and
afterward sold to one White, liuring his busi-
ness career here, Mr. York erected a two story
frame near the central part of the village, on
the north side of State street, which a few
years later was removed and is now used as a
cabinet shop. In 1S54, York & Moore moved
their stock into the new brick, and Jacob
Christianson occupied the frame buildino-
■which the fotmer leit. A year later the latter
moved his stock of goods into the Lowden
house, standing on the corner of Washington
and State streets, and about a year afterward
erected a building of his own on the north-
east corner of these streets, which is now oc-
cupied by Mrs. Lacier.
The first brick business block was erected
on the site of the old frame store, bv Mr.
Y^'opk in 1867, but was burned down three
years later. It was rebuilt at once and still
remains. In 1877, Messrs. J. R. Redman &
Co. and C. F. Knapp & Co., erected a laro-e
brick block together, on Washington street.
Two j-ears later this was burned, Knapp re-
building his store in the year following. The
Watson Block, on the corner of State and
Washington streets was erected in 1879.
The first hotel stood where the Watson block
now is, and was kept from 1841 to 1848, by
Capt. TeflFt. The Grant House, standing in
the northern part of the village, is its only
successor.
The growth of the town was considerably
retarded during its early history Ijy the gen-
eral insecurity of the title to the property.
The Eviiigors were not able to pay cash for
tlujir entire purchase and secured the balance
of the payment on the property. This was a
bar to a clear title, and it was not until 18.54,
when Dr. Parcel bought the unsold part of the
plat, that matters improved. Building new
houses and improving lots, he infused a new
vigor into the town which has since rapidly
advanced. The business portion includes
four dry goods stores, two groceries, two hard-
ware stores, three blacksmith shops, two wacr-
on shops, a harnessshop, etc., etc. The man-
ufacturing interest was represented by the
Westfield steam mill. This was originally a
two story structure erected in 1840, by Wood-
ford Dulaney, W. P. Bennett and D. Evinger.
It had two run of stone and a carding mill at-
tached, and did a good business until 18.50,
when it was burned down. In 1854, Parcel
and Evinger erected a mill, four stories hi<'h,
and forty feet square, at a cost of Sy,000. It
stood in the northeast part of town, had a ca-
pacity of seventy-five barrels of flour per dav,
and a saw-mill attached. In 1856 it burned
down, entailing a loss on property and contents
of §18,000. In the same year the mill was re-
placed by the same firm, with three run of
stone and saw-mill at a cost of about §10,000.
In 1859, J. I. Parcel bought the entire inter-
est and continued the business some four
years when he sold to Ckment & Crowfoot.
The partnership subsequently changed to
Clement & Fish, who sold out to a Mr. Scotti
HISTORY OF CLARK COI'NTY.
3^5
who iiioveJ the uiill, in 1878, to Brovvnstown
on ihe Vaiidalia Railroad. In 1808, the Ror-
d lU Brothers erected a steam saw-mill on
section 20, and did a good business lor some
ten years there, when they removed the ma-
chinery to Westfield. Here they erected a
steam flouring mill on the site of the Parcel
mill, -which has a ciiiiacity of seventy-five bar-
rels per day and is still doing a flourishing-
business.
In 1879 The Index was established by G
L. Watson. This was a seven-column folio
weekly newspaper. After conducting it for
some two j-ears he sold the office and paper to
M. R. Bain, who changed its name to T/ie Paii-
tagraph. In 1881 the establishment passed
into the hands of S. W. Zeller, and a year
later was sold to his son, .J. R. Zeller, who
changed its name to The Visitor, and tliree
months later sold it to Martin & Baker. Be-
fore the end of a year's possession, Charles
Martin secured the sole proprietorship, and
now conducts the paper. It is now a five-
column quarto, neutral as to politics, and has
a circulation of about 500 subscribers.
The societies are represented here by West-
field Lodge, No. 1G3, Free and Accepted Ma-
sons, which was organized in August, 1854,
by the following original members: AVesley
Norman, N. S. Hawley, James L. Parker, Fe-
lix Parker, Frederick Hammond, Josiah Con-
noiy, Sylvester Lewis, E. B. Hawkins, Chas.
Downey, and G. R. Clark. The lodge now
has twenty-nine mcmljers and meets in Wat-
son Hall. Westfield Lodge, No. Gii, Inde-
pendent Order of Odd Fellovrs, was instituted
September 29, 1877, witli five members: W.
R. Smith, M. Laws, J. Htdl, Z. L. Davee, and
W. D. Hutchinson. Meetings were first held
in Ensley's Hall, and two years later moved
to Watson Block, where the lodge has recently
fitted up a fine assembly room. The member-
ship now numbers thirty-three. Westfield
Post, No. 139, Grand Army of the Republic,
Department of Illinois, was instituted August
11, 188-^, with G. N. Parker, A. A. Moore, R.
S. Gard, J. A. Gassitt, etc., as charter mem-
bers. The lodge has eighteen members, and
meets in Ensley's Hall.
The village was incorporated in March,
18GG, the first board of trustees being J. C.
Van Sickle, J. II. Parcel, H. II. Cash, Isaac
Bolton, and B. H. Hays.
The early members of the community were
generally of the Oid School Baptist persua-
sion, as has been noted, and it was to be ex-
pected that church influences would early be
felt here. In 1831 Coleman B. Dawson came
to Westfield and settled, and it should be
noted that he and Henry Briscoe were the
only "total abstinent" men in the while
county at that time. The former was subse-
quently ordained as a minister, and is now
serving the Concord church in this township.
In 1833 the regular Predestinarian Biiptist
Church of Westfield was organized under the
name of the Concord Church. Several fami-
lies had moved here from Spencer County,
Kentucky, and others from Indiana, who be-
longed to this denomination, and decided to
organize a church. Elder Daniel Parker, liv-
ing in Crawford County, was princip:illy act-
ive in this organization, the first members
being Thomas Lasure and wife, Absalom Kes-
ter and wife, ^Villiam Walker and wife, Dan-
iel Bennett and wife, Henry Randall and wife,
and Rebecca Davis, who is the only original
member now living. The first pastor was
Richard M. Newport, who was then living in
Crawford County, necessitating a horseback
ride of fifty miles to attend the services, which
were held once a month. In 1855 he moved
into the township and preached for the church
some twelve years, when he moved to Coles
County. He subsequently went to Missouri,
where he died.
Newport was more than an ordinary fron-
tier preacher. He was a native of Kentucky,
3S6
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
and came in early manhooi! to Iniliana. Biucl
under the rude influences of pioneer life,
without educational advantages, he became,
by the simple force of his genius, a leader in
the circles in which he moved. It was only
natui'al, under such circumstances, that he
should be betrayed into excesses which were
then hardly acknowledged as disreoutable,
and it is stated that he stepped over the line
of permitted things so far as to be publicly
punished by the legal authorities. He sub-
sequently came under the influence of one of
the early preachers of the time, and becoming
a member of the Old School Baptist Church,
turned his splendid energies and natural gifts
to the service of the church. Mr. Newport
was in many ways well fitted for the work to
which he devoted himself. In that day drink-
ing liquor was not challenged by the church,
but was rather considered as a mark of sym-
pathy with the commoner class of people, and
gave the preacher who was at home in any
crowd an influence that a more highly cult-
ured man would have sought in vain. In
this respect he answered the popular demand
completely. He was a tall, active, muscular
but spare built man, with a reputation for
earlv prowess that few in a later day cared
to have verified at the expense of a personal
encounter; to which was added the gift of a
natural oratory that pleased and swayed the
best audiences of the time. As a preacher
he went far and near, at first on foot, always
drawing large crowds of listeners, frequently
being instrumental in bringing about exten-
sive revivals, and this in spite of his known
characteristics. It is related of him on one
occasion, that when the neighborhood had
gathered at the cabin of Mr. Beauehamp to
listen to his preaching, he came In nearly
frozen from a long ride and promptly took
his place near a stand in the center of the
room, on which a bible was placed for his
use. As he removed his wraps he made con-
siderable demonstration expressive of his be-
numbed feelings, and finally asked "Sister
Beauehamp" if she did not have some "spirits"
in the house';' Of course she had, and in
company with her husband wont to a cup-
board around one; corner of the room or chim-
ney, and indicated by some sign that he
should come and take the restorative in a
somewhat less conspicuous part of the room.
He understood the sign, but replied: "No,
no, sister; just bring the bottle here." The
jug and cup were produced, and after survey-
ing the cup well filled with whisky a moment,
he tossed it off in the most approved fashion,
remarked upon the refreshing sensation it
caused, and at once proceeded to expound
the passage of scripture he had chosen for a
text. At another time he had an appointment
to preach at Martinsville. The village at that
time was noted for the number of rough char-
acters that made it their rendezvous, and at
this time the whisky shop was full of these
characters, carousing and discussing the char-
acter of New|)ort. In the midst of the noisy
conclave a tall stranger came in, called for a
drink and sat down by the stove, maintaining
the closest reserve. The drink was repeated
three times, the discussion of the preacher
going on with consider^ible animation and
prpfanity after the first momentary interrup-
tion. In the course of half an hour the stran-
ger departed as non-committal as he came,
attracting the conversation to the subject of
his identity, etc. With a final drink around,
the party concluded to go to the meeting and
see what " stuff the preacher was made of,"
but suJdenly lost their curiosity when they
saw the tall determined-looking stranger of
the saloon expounding the gospel from the
desk in the schoolhouse.
As an orator and debater he was in general
demand. A 4th of July celebration where
he was a feature was always sure of a crowd,
and political or religious delates were of
A^
<^5»^«^ c.<^-j,^J^^ (/^ ocA^'^
IILSTOKY OF CLARK COUNTY.
389
little public interest without the incisive elo-
quence of Newport. He was once a con-
testant bel'oie the Democratic convention for
the nomination as member of the Legislature,
but was beaten by T. R. Young by two or
three votes. The Whigs nominated George
Ilcnson to oppose him, but neither of the
])rincipals being able debaters. Usher F.
Llnder was secured by the Whigs and New-
port by their opponents, to discuss the pend-
ini;- issues in joint debates. Both were ap-
pro .-ed champions of the forum; I/mder
pis.essed a persuasive eloquence, and a
method which appealed to the heart rather
than the intelligence of his auditors; Newport
exhibited less of culture in his oratory,
but possessed a talent in arraying his facts
that made them seem to the crowd, utterly
unassailable. The result was favorable to the
cause which the latter championed.
Notwithstanding the weakness of his moral
character which can hardly be fairly esti-
mated at this day, Mr Newport was greatly
beloved by the Concord church, and during
the twelve years in which he labored here,
th(! church was blessed and increased to a
membership of one hundred and three. He
was succeeded by Rev. John Shields, and in
1857, Rev. Coleman B. Dawson was chosen
pastor and has continued to the present. The
first public place of worship was a hewed log
cabin erected in 1"833, but this was never
completed, the church using it in the summer
and -esorting to private cabins in the winter.
In 8-15 a frame house was erected at a cost
of about ^500, and is still in use. The
church now numbers sixty-two members.
Good Hope Baptist Church was organized
in 1S32, by Richard Newp irt and S. B.
M'alker assisted by Abraham Slark and Will-
iam Stancil. The original members were
Lewis Walker and wife, Daniel Gable and
wife and S. B. Walker and wife. The church
was orji-anized at the cabin of Lewis Walker
which w;i,h other residences and school-
houses were used as a place of worship until
a lo<r building was erected for this purpose
south of Westfield Village near the site of the
first mill. This building was used until 18G2,
when a frame building, 36 by 50 feet, was
erected in the village, at a cost of SI, 600.
The pastors liave been Revs. S. B. Walker,
John Doty, Milton Humphrey, Jonathan
Riley, Robert Hawkins, T. J. Thompson,
Jas. B. Walker, Abraham Jones and Thos.
Reynolds, the present incumbent. The pres-
ent membership is seventy.
The Methodist Episcopal Church was early
represented here by Revs. Wm. Blundell and
Wm. Adams. A church of this denomination
was not organized, however, until 1850, when
Rev Mr. Burks instituted a society of which
Charles and John Downey with their wives,
Martha Downey, Mrs. T. C. Lewis and Miss
Lewis, were among the original members. A
frame building for church purposes was
erected on the site of the present structure at
a cost of about $000. This was replaced in
1865, by brick building, 34 by 50 feet with
a seating capacity of 300, at a cost of $5,000.
The Westfield United Brethern Church w- ^
organized in 1852, from members of the Ot-
terbein Chapel, situated in Coles County.
There were about thirty members at the or-
ganization among whom were W. H. and
Marj' Brown, Katy Evinger, J. b. Kcrmer,
Margaret Evinger, Moses and J. D. Parcel
and their wives. The p.astors have been
Revs. W. C. Smith, J. P. Shuey, James
GrifSth, A. Helton, S Bussard, J. G. Shuey, H.
Elwell, L. S. Chittenden, J. H. Synder, S.
Mills, R. L. Prengle, and C. H. Jones, the
present incumbent. A frame place of worship
was erected in 1852, in the southeast part
of the village, at a cost of a thousand dollars.
It was sold in 1802, and the church has
since used the college chapel. The church
now numbers 260 members, and sustains
393
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
a flourishing Sunday school of about 175 at-
tendants which has been under the man-
agement of Professor W. R. Shuey for some
twenty years.
The pride of the village and the source of
much of its fame and prosperity, is the college
located in its midst. The town of Westfield,
the name of which the college bears, had
little except its topography to mark it as de-
sirable for a seat of learning. Small, its in-
habitants manifesting no special enthusiasm
in the cause of higher education, without
railroad connection, one can but wonder that
it drew or cared to draw a college to its
midst. But in and about the village there
were some spirits whose enterprise and ener-
gy made them superior to the adverse ele-
ments in a country hardly freed from the so-
cial hindrances of pioneer days, and the in-
stitution was founded. Wise or unwise as
the location may have seemed at first, it now
appears probable that all objectors will be
constrained to yield approval as its merits be-
come more and more manifest. As the heads
and hands and means of a cultivated people
bring out the possibilities of the surroundings
and turn the whole suburbs for miles around
into a very garden of fruits and flowers, men
will cease to criticise. And these things are
coming to pass by rapid increments. As is
nsual, the college, by its attractions and re-
pulsions, and its instruction, has made a great
improvement in the intellectual and assthetic
tone of the community, and this reacting in
fiivor of the college has given it the strong
moral support of its home constituency.
The forerunner of the college was the
" Westfield Seminary," out of which the col-
lege grew so directly that the two appear as
one, all the property and assets of every kind
belonging to the former having been made to
invre to the latter. Three years of success-
ful service had been done by the seminary,
when the college was founded. The charter
was granted by a special act of the Legisla-
ture, passed February 15, 18G5, in which were
named as incorporators and first board of
trustees, Walton C. Smith, Alexander Helton,
David Ross, Samuel Mills, Hiram Ehveli Ed-
mund R. Connolly, Daniel Evinger, and J. H.
Coons. Section 9, authorizes the trustees " to
establish departments for the study of any
and all of the liberal professions; to confer
such degrees as are usually conferred in sim-
ilar colleges in the United States in the
learned arts and sciences;" and further pro-
vides for the establishment of departments
for the education of disabled Union soldiers,
for ladies for preparatory instruction, and for
pupils of the district school, of which privi-
leges the last named and that relative to the
soldiers have never been used.
Originally this work was undertaken by the
lyower Wabash Conference of the United
Brethren in Christ. Afterward, in the vear
1865, the Central Illinois Conference, of the
same denomination, united in the undertaking.
In 1866, the Upper Wabash Conference al-
lied itself to the enterprise, but after three
years withdrew for the purpose of building
u]) an institution within its own territory. In
1866, the Illinois Conference, and in 1867, the
Southern lUino's Mission Conference assumed
a share of the responsibility of sustaining this
cause. In the aggregate these conferences
occupy perhaps four fifths of the territory of
the State of Illinois, together with a con-
siderable area of middle-western Indiana.
Throughout this extended area of country
members of the Church of the United
Brethren in Christ are found in pretty
large numbers, and this is the people who
ovvn the college an- 1 stand first under obliga-
tion to sustain it. Y(it, it must be said that
in its brief career it has been favored with an
encouraging amount of patronage from unde-
nominational quarters, as well as from sister
denominations. Nor this only; but generous
HISTORY OF CLARK COUXTV.
391
donations and bequests have been granted it
by persons not denominationallj' interested,
but approving of its principles, plans and ef-
fects.
Its benefactions have mostly been of mod-
erate amounts from hearts that followed them
with their prayers, and have been gathered
by the solicitations of laborious itinerant
agents, a little here and a little there. One
class of its funds has gone to provide build-
ings, furnish apparatus, libraries and cabinets.
Another is set aside as an endowment, the
principal to be kept forever sacred, the inter-
est to be currently employed to support
teachers. The former has not been adequate
to its wants, though its managers have pru-
dently concluded to endure the lack of things
desired rather than carry a heavy debt far
outreaching their assets. Of its endowment
fund, which amounts to §85,000, only a part is
yet available. A system of money-raising by
the sale of scholarships vras early introduced,
and has not been discontinued. For §300,
perpetual tuition for one pupil is guaranteed.
For §"200, tuition for a family of children,
■with no limitation as to number in attendance
at any time, is guaranteed. For $100, tui-
tion for one pupil at a time for five years is
provided, and for S50, paid in advance, one
pupil is provided tuition for two years and a
half. Of these proceeds all, e.xcept those from
the sale of perpetual scholarships, are used for
current purposes, while those from the sale of
perpetual scholarships are held as a part of
the endowment fund. These scholarships are
all negotiable except those for family tuition.
The work of instruction began in the old
United Brethren Church edifice, situated in
the village of Westfield. In 1803, the first
seminar}' building was erected; a substantial
brick, two stories high, sixty feet east and
west by forty feet north and south, with a bel-
fry. Its upper story was devoted to chapel
purposes, the lower to recitation rooms and
the janitor. In 186?, this building was en-
larged by an addition on the west, which is
seventy-five feet north and south by forty
east and west. It also, is a two story brick
and contains a lecture room, society hall, and
library room on the lower floor, and two soci-
ety halls, an art gallery, and a recitation room
above. The structure as thus improved may
be described as being 100 feet long east and
west, forty feet wide, with extensions forty
feet by seventeen and a half, placed on both
the north and south sides of the west end.
This building is now the principal center of
operations, and, although devoid of architect-
ural elegance it has well served its purpose,
and is only now beginning to be felt to be too
limited in capacity. In 1872, adjacent prop-
erty was purchased as a site for a ladies'
boarding hall. The two story dwelling al-
ready upon it was enlarged, and comfortable
rooms were provided for the accommodation of
a number of ladies. This is a wooden struct-
ure, designed to answer the present need, but
will be superseded by a much larger ami
more finished edifice upon the same ground.
Here the lady attendants of the school board,
under the protection of a steward's family,
selected with care, and also under the direct
supervision of a lady connected with the fac-
ulty. Gentlemen find homes among the fam-
ilies of the community. The college campus
consists of a wooded plat containing five acres,
handsomely elevated on the east, where the
main building stands. The grounds attached
to the ladies' hall, somewhat adorned with
shrubbery, contain two acres. The cost of the
college buildings is estimated in round num-
bers at $40,000.
As stated elsewhere, the original of West-
field College was Westfield Seminarj-. At
first no design of founding a college was en-
tertained; stimulated by demand, it grew into
the latter. Prior to the formal organization
of a faculty, prior even to the charter, in-
3;)2
}IIST()I:\- OF CLAUK COUNTY.
structioii had been carried forward over col-
lege ground, and the first graduate received
his degree before a faculty was regularly
formed or a president elected. The pro-
fessors in the faculty do not now confine
themselves exclusively to college classes, but
take charge of any requiring to be taught.
Though this is not the most desirable mode,
necessity pointed it out, and experience shows
it more tolerable than a theoretical view
would anticipate.
The following is a tabular view of past and
present instructors beginning with the semi-
nary:
Table op College Instructors.
Rev. G. W. Keller Prn'pal of Sem'ry 1861 to ISfi:^
Rev. F. J. Fisher A. B. " " 1863 " L'-64
Rev. Wm. T. Jackson A. B. " " 1864 " 1869
Mrs. M. A. Fisher M. A. " L'ds D"pt 1864 " 1866
Miss R. H. Winter M. A. " " " 1866 " 1869
Rev. W. 0. TobeyA. B. Prof, of Ln^'es 1866 '• 1868
Rev. S. B. Allen A. M. Prs'nt of ColVe 1869 "
Mrs. R. H. Tobev M. A. Pra'pal Ld's U'pt 1869 " 1873
Mrs. M. H. Fisher M. A. •' " " 1873 •' 187-5
Miss Eugenia Gintner A. M. " " " 1S7.5 " 1880
Miss Emma M. Linton B.S. " " " 1880"
Rev. W. 0. Tobey A. M. Prof, of L'tin
and Greek 1869 " 1873
Rev. Chas. Kiracofe A. M. Prof, of L'tin
and Greek 1873 " 1878
Rev. Lewis A. Bookwalter A. M. Prof, of
Latin and Greek 1878 " 1880
F. E. Phillips A. M. Prof, of L'tin & Gr'klS80"
Rev. Wm. T. Jackson A. M. Prof. Math's 1869 "1870
1871
' 1872
■ 1873
Rev. D. Shuck A. M.
Rev. H. A. Thompson A. M. "
Elhot Whipple A.M.
Rpv. Wm. R. Shuey A. B. "
Elliot Whipple A. M. Prof, of Natural
Science
1870 '
1871
1872 '
1873 •
1875 '
1877
Besides these, the following persons have
been at various times associated with the
college as instructors in different depart-
ments: Emma L. Knepper, M A.; Sallie .1.
Winter, M. A.; Mrs. A. R. Kiracofe, M. A.;
O. W. Pentzer, A. B.; Miss M. A. Bright;
Minnie Bartmen; Miss F. H. Holmes; S. C.
Hanson, B. S.; O. C. Tobey, M. D.; Mrs. M.
J. Whipple; D. W. Doran, A. M.; E. M.
Goldberg, A. M.; J. R. Swan.
Xo change in the presidency ol' the col-
lege has occurred for fourteen years, the first
incumbent, Samuel B. Allen still occupying
that position.
Two courses of study have been honored
with degrees, which are designated as clas-
sical and scientific. The latter formerly' occu-
pied about two years less than the former,
but within the last three years it has been
extended so as to embrace two years more
work than previously. That there are two
courses instead of one is not from the un-
biased choice of those who provided it, so
much as from the stern dictates of the situa-
tion. A large number of students, by having
the shorter course and inferior degree placed
before them, are induced to struggle for this,
while in its absence, deeming it hopeless to
strive for the superior degrees, they would
abandon their studies much earlier. How-
ever, though this gain from the shorter course
may be secured by a few, it is probable that
there are many who, lazily selecting this
course, are thus seduced from the more ex-
tended one. There is no special course for
ladies, both se.xes having equal privileges
and being decorated with the same degree.
For the encouragement of persons who are hin-
dered from completing either graduating
course, a brief list of studies deemed most
essential to prepare for the work of teaching
in the district schools has been marked out,
the mastering of which entitles to a certifi-
cate from the faculty. Beside this, since
1870, a normal class has been conducted,
where all who are willing are trained by such
exercises as are adapted to aid them in con-
ducting and teaching public schools.
Up to this time the preparatory work his
not been conducted under a separate manage-
ment from the college. All students have
been under the same laws, executed by a
single authority, and to a great extent, un-
der the same instructors. No literary so-
cieties belong to this department, the pre-
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
333
paratory students uniting with the same so-
cieties as those of the college. The ago of
twelve is required for admission to this de-
partment.
Co-education of the sexes has been prac-
ticed here from the first. In point of num-
bers the attendance of ladies has always
fallen short of that of gentleman.
On the completion of the classical course of
study the degree of Bachelor of Arts is con-
ferred regardless of se.\. Master of Arts fol-
lows in course after three years of upriglitness
and labor in a scholaily way. riohelor of
Science and Master of Science are granted in
the same way with reference to the scientific
course. The privilege of conferring honorary
degrees has been but sparingly exercised —
to two gentlemen, has been accorded the
title Doctor of Divinity, and to three the
honorary one of Master of Arts.
From certain societies that had previously
existed, in 1869 two literary societies were
organized, under the names of ZetagutJiean
and Colomentkin. With an eligible hall as-
signed to each, they both sprang into active
life, each of them proving an aid to the othfer
by "provoking to good works." The Phila-
letheaii society is composed of lady members,
the others of gentlemen. The Choral society
of Westfield college has existed for a num-
ber of years. None of these societies are in
any sense secret societies, r.or are any allowed
in "connection with the college. Each of the
societies have small libraries, and the college
one of about a thoiisand volumes.*
I The common schools preceded the semi-
iinrv just thirty years, and in more recent
times they have kept pace with the intellect-
ual progress of the township, until now they
are second to few in the county. Tlie first
attempt at school was made in 1831, by
Charles Redman, in a little log cabin that had
been built and used by a squatter. The
teacher was a man of good education. The
cabin stood on what is a part of Alexander
Black's farm, and here Mr. Rodman taught
several terms for the accommodation of the
neighborhooil. In 1833, his son, Vincent,
taught school in a log cabin on section 38,
but the cabin was destroyed by fire in the
first year. A short time afterward a hewed
log house was erected on Biggs' farm. This
was afterward replaced by a frame building,
but the location did not give satisfaction and
it was removed to Walter Briscoe's place,
east of the village, where it still stands. This
was the first frame school- house in the town-
ship. Among the early teachers here and
elsewhere in the township, are remembered.
Burgess Berkley, Archer Bartlett, Wm. Hill,
G. 'W. Boyer, Silas Whitehead, etc.
A log school-house was built in New
Richmond, in 1835, and was used seventeen
years. One of the teachers in this house was
Humble Johnson, a man of ordinary attain-
ments, and is remembered chiefly from his
unique way of closing his school at the end of
a term. Marshaling the whole school he led
them to a large wood-pile in the village, and
ranging them on it, propounded the final spell-
ing lesson. This done, he produced a quantity
of whisky and sugar and regaled the whole
school. A two-story frame school building
was erected in Westfield village on the site
of the present brick, in the northwest part
of the village, in 1853. This contained
two rooms and cost ^600, and, in 186-1,
another room was added, and tiie wdiole used
until 1881, when it was burned. The present
brick structure replaced the one destroyed.
It contains four rooms and cost upwards of
^6,000. There are five districts in the town-
ship, two of which are provided with brick
houses and three wdth frame. In 1881,
81,999.71 was expended in teachers' salaries.
* Histoid of Westfield College, compiled from the
pubUshed account in 1S75.
CHAPTEE XIY.*
WABASH TOWNSHIP-CONFIGURATION, BOUNDARIES, ETC.— EARLY SETTLEMENT— PIO-
NEER SOCIETY— AMUSEMENTS— INDIANS— IMPROVEMENTS AND
INDUSTRIES-VILLAGES— CHURCHES AND
SCHOOLS, ETC., ETC.
" As goes Wabash, so goes the county."
WABASH is the largest township in Clark
County, being nearly as large as the
State of Rhode Island, at least it contains about
seventy-two sections of land, and had a pop-
ulation, by the census of 1880, of 3,375 souls.
In all elections of importance, Wabash is
considered the pivot upon which the county
turns, and the candidate who is successful in
securing the vote of Wabash, generally con-
siders his election sure. Hence, it has grown
into a saying: "As goes Wabash, so goes the
county," and to carry the township, a candid-
ate leaves no stone unturned.
The surface of Wabash township is gener-
ally broken and hilly. The "Wet Woods"
extend through the central part, from the
Wabash River, and were originally flat and
wet. The land, however, has been cleared
and drained, and is now quite productive.
The principal water-courses are, Big Creek,
with its numerous tributaries. Crooked Creek,
Clear Creek, Turkey branch, etc., all of which
flow in a general southeast course to the
Wabash River, which just barely touches the
southeast corner of the township. Originally
the land was heavily timbered, and oak, hick-
ory walnut, ash, elm, hackberry, and other
species common to this section, grew there.
The creek bottom lands contained plentj' of
walnut. The township is bounded on the
* By W. H. Pernn.
north by Edgar County; on the east by the
State of Indiana; on the south by Darwin
township, and on the west by Marshall and
Douglas townships. Wabash has been
thought to be rich in mineral wealth. In an
early day silver was discovered here; a fact
that created considerable excitement at one
time. A company was formed for the pur-
pose of investigating the matter. The pre-
cious metal was actually found, but not in
sufficient quantities to justify working the
localities where it exists. Coal also is found
and is mined to some extent.
The settlement of Wabash township dates
back to 1816. The Black family is believed
to have been the first actual settlers. They
located in the southeast part and were origin-
ally from Kentucky, but had settled in Knox
County, Iiid., about the year 1810. They
lived in a fort there as a protection against
the Indians. As the dangers from Indians
became less, they moved to Shaker Prairie,
where they lived for three years and then
came to this township, and located as above
described. Mr. Black was a man of consid-
erable prominence and energy. He improved
a good farm, and died about 1824. He had
several sons, viz.: John, William, James, Jo-
seph and Thomas, all of whom were men of
more or less influence in the community.
They acquired large tracts of land which is
still in possession of the family. Richard
Armstrong came here with the Blacks and
was also from Kentuckv. He settled in the
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
315
same locality and built a littlo cabin. He
raised the first wheat n-rown in the township,
and some of his neig'hbors used to call liini
"stuck up" because he could have wheat
l)read, while they had to eat " corn dodgers."
It was said that Armstrong could eat two
dozen eggs at a single meal, and was often
called the " champion egg-cater." He was a
very religious man, a minister of the Presby-
terian church, and was considered so honest,
that it became a saying: " As honest as old
Dickey Armstrong." He died in ISiS, in the
township.
The Peerys, Kuykendalls, Hawks and Joel
Cowen came also in 1816. Samuel Peery was
from Ohio, and was a relation of Commodore
Perry, but from reason had changed his name
from Perry to Peery. He improved a large
farm and was quite a stock-raiser and trader.
Several brothers came about the same time.
Peery was a wheelwright, and used to make
spinning wheels for the settlers. Mr. Ku}'-
kendall still has one of his wheels in liis pos-
session. He died in 1832 from a cancer in his
face. Kuykendall came here from Vincennes,
but was originally from Kentucky. He was a
man of energy and accumulated some proper-
ty. He wasa very religious man, and took an
active interest in the improvement of society.
He died in 1825, and has a nephew, William
Kuykendall still living hero. Cowen settled
on Big Creek. He was from Ohio, and ac-
quired considera!)le land. John Sikes now
lives on the place of his original settlement.
He died twenty-three ye irs ago. The Hawks,
Joseph and Isaac, located in the river scttle-
n?ent. Joseph became a large land-owner,
and died about 1844. Isaac moved a little
further north, where he improved a farm, and
where he died some thirty years ago.
In 1817, Hugh Henderson and Jesse Eser}'
were added to the settlement. Henderson
located in the river settlement, and was a
great hunter. He built a horse mill, the fust
mill in the township, previous to 1827. It was
on Section 30 on the Darwin road. Esery
first settled in Palestine, remaining there a
few years and then came here and settled on
Big Creek, wliere Joe Cook now lives. H(i
married Hannah Foster, and lived hero until
about 1837, when he sold out to a Mr. Mus-
grave and moved to Missouri.
Jamos JlcCabe came from Tennessee, and
located on "Walnut Prairie, where he remaino<l
for a short time, then moved upon Big Creek
about two miles north of Livingston. He
there built a cabin, but lived in his wagon
until his cabin was completed. It was a
small affair 16x16 feet, no floor nor chimney,
and a rather uncomfortable habitation. He set
out the first orchard in the township, cleared
a small farm, and then commenced preaching.
He was of the Methodist persuasion, and his
residence was long a place for holding meet-
ings. He sold out to Zachariah Hassell and
moved to Grand Prairie, but afterward back
to the township. He died in 1862. Henry
Shackton also settled in the town-hip this
year, a half a mile north of Livingston, where
he erected a little hut, without floor or fire-
place. He was from Kentucky, and was a
shiftless, good-natured kind of fellow, who
lived mostly by hunting. He finally "went
down the river " as a boat hand, while his
wife wont along as cook on the boat. A man
named Sheets settled near the river in 1811),
and had a ferry for several years. Thomas
Thompson, from Kentucky, settled in the
south part of the township the same year,
and improved a farm. James Cox settled on
the Blaze place. He was a great hunter and
trapper, and finally moved off up the creek.
Jonathan Wiley settled where George David-
son now lives. He spent most of his time in
summer hunting bees, and in winter hunting-
game. He was a daring man, and about
1835, followed the game westward.
Jonathan Hicklin, an early senkr of Wa-
336
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
bash Township was a character, and an excel-
lent specimen of the iVontiersraan. He was
a native of Virginia, but went to Kentucky
in the days of Daniel Boone, with whom he
became well-acquainted. He acted as spy in
the Indian wars of Kentucky, and was in
many fights with the savages. In 1813 he
came to Indiana, having married in Wood-
ford County, Ky., and located near Carlisle,
where he lived for about nine years. He was
a great hunter, like most of the early settlers
of the Wabash valley, and being out on an
extended hunt, he came through this section,
and liking the land, selected a home on Big
Creek in a romantic spot on a high bluff,
where he built a cabin 16x'20 feet. After
getting it roofed, he hired a man to finish it
while he went back after his family. When
he returned, he found his cabin unfinished,
and had to move into it without floor or fire-
place, and with the cracks between the logs
open. In this condition he moved into it be-
tween Christmas and New Year's, and the
weather was, at the time cold and disagree-
able. Three large stones were set up against
the wall for a fire-place, and an opening made
for the smoke to escape through the roof.
He lived with the Indians a good part of the
time, hunted and traded with them, and go
along with them in peace and harmony.
Once a lot of Big Creek roughs sought to
drive him out of the country, by inciting the
Indians against him. They cut off the ears of
the Indian's ponies, shaved their tails, and
Inking the hair and severed ears to Hicklin's
put them through a crack into his cabin, that
suspicion might be directed to him. As soon
as he discovered them in the morning, he
divined the purpose of the perpetrators of the
deed, and at once gathered them up, took
them to the Indians camp and told them the
circumstances, and who he suspicioned of hav-
ing done it. The Indians were aroused, and
the roughs who had intended to involve Hick-
lin in trouble with the savages found them-
o
selves whipped with their own weapons, and
were forced to seek safety in making them-
selves scarce for a while.
Hicklin was supposed to be connected in
some way with counterfeiting, though nothing
was known definitely, that would seriously
implicate him, or give the law a hold on him.
One ground of suspicion against him was,
that he always had money, and yet never
worked for it. An incident is related, which
would seem to indicate his knowledge of the
manufacture of the " queer." A man went
to him one day and wanted to borrow one
hundred dollars with which to enter some
land. Hicklin said: "Wait until ten o'clock
to-morrow and I will let you have it." The
next day at ten o'clock the mail returned, and
received from Hicklin the required amount
in new silver half dollars. Hicklin followed
hunting until his eyesight failed him. He
died long ago at the age of 106 years, the
oldest man ever in the county.
In the year 1822, the settlement was in-
creased by the arrival of James Lovelace,
Samuel Elam, Lindly Ashmore, William
Ashmore, Martin Graves and Henry Taylor.
Lovelace, Elam and the Ashraores, oame to-
gether, and were from Kentucky. They set-
tled on the creek, south of Livingston, and
built small cabins, spending most of their
time hunting. When the land was entered
they moved away, but afterward entered
lands on the creek in the south part of the
township. Graves came from Virginia to
Ohio when a small boy and when grown,
came here on foot, with a knapsack on his
back containing his earthly all. He selected
a place in Wabash township, built a cabin
and married Polly McCabe, thus setting an
example worthy of imitation by all young
men. He is still living, and can tell miny
stories of hunting, in the early times. Tay-
lor was a native of Pennsylvania, and when
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
397
very young was brouirlit to Ohio, the family
afterward moved to Sliaker Prairie, Ind. He
came here and settled in the south part of the
township, and hired to Hicklin to clear land
for him. He took a lease to clear up the
school land, and afterward bought land. At
Hicklin's death ho l)0ught the place upon
which he had lived. He died in 1878, but
his widow, who was Jane Hicklin, is still liv-
ing. Abraham Washliurn came from Ten-
nessee and settled in the central part of the
township. He was an herb doctor and quite
an eccentric character. William Wood settled
on the creek. He was an intelligent man,
and a zealous member of the Presbyterian
church.
James Plasters, a native of Virginia, set-
tled in this township in 1831. We make the
following extract from a sketch written by
himself : "I, James Plasters, wish to leave to
my family, an account of my ancestors. My
grandfather, on my fathers side, Michael
Plasters, was a native of Germany, being
born on the river Rhine, and was called
'Hio-h Dutch.' He emio-rated to the colonies
of North America about the first of the
year, 1730, and settled in what is now
knovpn as Chester County, Pennsyl-
vania, near Philadelphia, and married an
English lady. My father, Henry Plasters,
was born in the year 1760, and in the year
1770, my grandfather moved to Loudoun
County, Va., and at the age of 16, my father
entered the army. He was present, and as-
sisted at the capture of the Hessians at
Trenton, N. J.; served in the Revolutionary
army four years. I was born June 3, 1791,
and served in the war of 1813. I witnessed
the burning of the Capitol by the British,
and was at Fort McHenry at the time it was
bombared by the British fleet. I was married
to Hannah Massey, December 3, 1815, in
Loudoun County, and raised a family of three
sons and four daughters. Moved from Lou-
doun County, and settled in Clark County, Illi-
nois, in Ajjril, 1831. In the month of Au-
gust, 183:2, at a camp-meeting held by the
Cumberland Presbyterians on Big Creek, I
was converted, and became a member of that
denomination. Being dissatisfied with their
confessiin of faith, I severed my connection
by letter, on the Christmas following, and
united with the Methodist church, at Living-
ston, and have remained a member ever since.
Was au active member of that church for
over thirty years, until age and infirmities
prevented me. Have served it to the best of
my ability, in the several capacities of
steward, class leader and trustee, and was for
a time, superintendent of its Sabbath school.
And now I am calmly awaiting the summons
of my Master, to depart for the better world."
Mr. Plasters died October 25, 1882, and was
buried in the Livingston cemetery. The fol-
lowing of his children are still living: Wil-
liam Plasters, residing in Missouri, aged 64
years; Henry Plasters, Marshall, aged 63
years; Samuel Plasters, Washington Terri-
tory, aged 62 years; and Mrs. T. A. Catron,
Champaign County, this State, aged 55 3'ears.
Alexander McGregor, a Scotchman, was a
contractor on tlie National Road. He after-
ward purchased 600 acres of land, two mil's
east of Livingston, and opened a large farm.
He was a prominent man, a bachelor, whose
sister lived with him. He was noted for his
honesty, which was proverbial. He married
in later years. Andrew Dunlap came here
in 1832, from Tennessee and settled on the
State line. His residence was in Clark
County, and his barn and stables in Indiana.
He built a log house, and kept a hotel, which
was long known as the " Stateline House."
He moved to Terre Haute a few years ago.
John W. West and Henry Hutchinson were
settlers in the township. West was from
Ohio, and Hutchinson from Virginia. Isaac
Rhodes came from Kentucky to Vincennes,
39".
HISTORY OF OLARK COUXTY.
in 1820. He settled in Wabash township
shortly after, and commenced flatboating on
the Wabash River. He would load a flatboat
■with hickory poles and take them to New
Orleans, and then return to Shawneetown,
111., on a steamboat, and on foot from there
home. He is still living. Joseph Malcom
and Allison Crews were also early settlers.
They were from' Tennessee. Malcom had a
mill above Rhodes, and kept a ferry. Crews
■was an early school teacher.
Jacob Long was a son-in-law of Peery, and
settled on ■what is known as the " Glover
Farm." He sold to Glover and went to Wis-
consin and died soon after. Once when his
wife was sick he walked to Vincennes and
back in two days after coffee, because his
wife expressed a wish for a cup of coffee.
He paid sixty cents — all the money he had —
for half a pound. He was the first man in
the neighborhood who paid money for harvest
hands. Hitherto it had been the custom to
get a jug of whisky and the neighbors gather
together and iielp each other in their harvests.
Long was severely censured for breaking
throuarh a "ffood old custom."
The settlement of the township after 1830,
rapidly increased; people came in, several
families together, and the best land was soon
all entered. Game was plenty when the first
whites came, and, as we have said, many of
the settlers were great hunters — in fact, a
number of them did but little else, and when
game began to thin out they left for new
hunting grounds. There were a few bears —
several were killed in the township — and
deer were very plenty, also wolves. The
latter preyed upon the pigs to such an extent
that hog-raising, for a good many years, was
an uncertain business, and not at all profit-
able. Bee-hunting was a regular employ-
ment. A great many people followed it suc-
cessfully. The honej^ and bees-wax were
lecal tender for all kinds of merchandise.
Ginseng was another staple article, often sell-
ing at twenty-five cents a pound. Maple
sugar was long a valuable industry; it suld in
Terre Haute and Vincennes readily, and al-
ways commanded cash prices, and in those
days it was about all the settler had that
would sell for cash. The people took to mar-
ket deer- skins, tallow, hams, etc. Hams sold
for one dollar a pair.
For several years after, white people came
to this county, there were plenty of Indians,
as elsewhere noted. They were mostly Mi-
amis and Kickapoos, and were friendly.
Their camps were on Big Creek, and though
never harming the whites, they would fre-
quently get on their ponies and ride through
the woods in a gallop whooping and yelling
on purpose to frighten their pale-face neigh-
bors, and then enjoy their scare amazingly.
An old Indian once came to Mr. Esery and
wanted to stay all night himself, and bring
his squaw and papoose, who he said were sick.
Mr. Esery consented, and the old Indian went
after his squaw and papoose, and brought
forty Indians with him. This was a larger
number than Esery had agreed to entertain,
but there was nothing for him but to "grin
and bear it." He put them in his cellar,
which was a very large one, and they re-
mained there during the night, keeping up a
great noise, but doing no harm to any one.
Another incident is told of an Indian ■who,
while drunk undertook to whip his squaw,
but she made battle at him. The Indians
formed a circle around them, and would not
let anyone interfere, while she pummeled
him until he hollered " enough," when they
were separated.
The state of society in Wabash Township
from twenty- five to fifty years ago was scarce-
ly what it is now. There were many rough
characters here then; many who would stop
at nothing lawless if it subserved their own
ends. The people, of course, were not all of
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
399
this rough element, in fact the large majority
were honest, upright men and hiw-abiding
citizens. The following incident, however,
will illustrate the worst phase of society at
that early day: Tiiere was a harmless old lady
named Bogue and her son, Harrison Boguc,
who were Quakers, and who owned a small
piece of land. Bogue was a harmless, igno-
rant man, but industrious. A couple of men,
their near neighbors, concluded to run them
off, and at the same time get their land, and
what little property they had besides. To
effect this they set fire to a small unoccupied
building near by and burned it to the ground,
and then informed Bogue that the people of
the neighborhood believed that he, Bogue
had burned it; that there was strong circum-
stantial evidence, and he would most likely
be imprisoned for it. They, as friends, (!)
advised him to flee the country and leave his
property in their hands to dispose of, prorais-
i>' T to do so and send him the proceeds. So
effectually did they frighten Bogue and his
mother that they left the neighborhood and
the State under cover of darkness, being con-
veyed to Terre Haute by one of the men.
The absence of the couple excited suspicion,
and their personal effects being found in pos-
session of two men, whose reputation was none
of the best, only added fuel to the fire. A
strict search was made for the bodies of Bogue
and his mother, as all believed they had been
murdered. At least two hundred people were
engaged in the search. Threats of arrest
frightened the guilty parties into an attempt
to escape. They were apprehended at Terre
Haute, but one of thom made his escape from
his captors and reached Brazil where he was
recaptured. They were lodged in jail, ad-
mitted to bail and finally acquitted. Bogue
and his mother were found near Indianapolis
and brought back home and their property
restored to them.
The subject of politics has always interested
the people of the township, and they have
deemed it their duty as free-born American
citizens, to exercise all the rights and fran-
chises of the same. An amusing incident is
related of a turn-out from Wabash townshiji
to Marshall, once during an interesting polit-
ical canvass. It consisted of a kind of com-
mercial procession, wagons on which all kinds
of work was being done. A man named
Pickens, a citizen of Wabash, who was gifted
with all the notes of the rooster, and could
crow so like a Shanghai as to astonish one of
the genuine breed, was placed in a large box,
the box fastened on a long pole, and it secure-
ly planted on one of the wagons. A real live
rooster was secured upon the box, with a
string around his neck, which Pickens held in
his hand, securely hidden in his box. Every
few moments Pickens would crow, and at the
same time pull his string which would move
the rooster's head, and thus create the im-
pression that it was the rooster that was doing
the crowing. The actual crower was not dis-
covered until the procession was over.
The first mill in the township was a horse-
mill built by Hugh Henderson, which has
already been alluded to. A man named Du-
rell, who had settled in the south part of the
township in 1833, built a water-mill a short
time afterward on Big Creek. He operated
it some two years, when he died, and the mill
was sold to a man named Hogue. After this
it changed hands several times, and finally
became the property of a Mr. Keiser. A saw-
mill had been added, and Keiser, during high
water, would load flat-boats with lumber, run
them out into the Wabash Kiver, and thence
to New Orleans. The mill, in after years,
was washed away, or so damaged by high
water as to render it useless. Horace Ritchie
built a steam saw and grist mill two miles
east of Livingston. It was a two-story frame
building, 20xG0 feet; had two run of buhrs,
saw, sash saw, etc. Ritchie sold it to Welsh,
400
IIISTOUY OF CLAIMC COUNTY.
and he sold it to Rufus Neal. The latter,
after operating it a few years, moved the ma-
chinery to Marshall, and it is now used in a
mill there.
The "Darwin Road," as it was called, lead-
ing from Darwin to Paris, was the first public
road laid out through the township. It was
viewed out by David Wyrick, Henry Taylor
and Stephen Archer, and intersected the Na-
tional Road at Livingston. The Terre Haute
road passed through in a southeasterly course,
and was "viewed" out in 1830 by W. B.
Woods, Goldberry and Dunlap. The old
National Road also passed through the town-
ship.
Villages. — ^As work progressed on the Na-
tional Road a number of houses were put up
along the line of the improvement thus going
on. David Wyrick came from Indiana in
18"-J9 and settled where the Darwin and Liv-
ingston roads crossed. He came here in a
wagon, and was five weeks on the road. He
built a cabin and blacksmith shop, and worked
at horseshoeing and fixing plows. He was
joined, the next year, by Robert Ferguson,
who was his brother-in-law, and was also from
Indiana. Deeming this an eligible site, he
entered the land and laid out the town of
Livingston. It is located on the west half of
the southwest quarter of section 9, township
11 north, range 11 west, and put the lots on
the market. Among the first families who
settled here, were James Twilley, Rufus
Brown, Jacob Cline, Joseph Bavis, John Ba-
vis, Eli Bavis, James Dixon, David Bucklin
and a man named Winds. Mr. Winds opened
a store, and by means of a great deal of whtcl,
soon worked up a large trade. He brought
goods from Louisville and Cincinnati in wag-
ons, before the iron horse had crossed the
prairies of Indiana. A large part of his trade
was to the hands working on the National
Road, and while it was in course of construc-
tion he had a big trade. Soon after work
ceased on the road he closed out his store.
A second store was established, in 1833. by
a man named Eversoll. He also hauled his
goods fiom Louisville, and kept a good stock
for that early period. He erected a brick
building on the north side of the National
Road, one and a half stories high and 20x40
feet in size. He carried on a store for thirteen
years, and then sold to a man of the name of
Hutchinson. In 1833 P'erguson erected the
two-story frame building where Mrs. Cline
now lives. He started a store in one room
of it, which he operated some time and then
sold out to one Murphj', who had come here
from Darwin with a small stock of goods.
Murphy put up a building east of Ferguson
building, and sold goods for twelve or fifteen
years. McGath then bought him out and
continued the business until 1851, when he
wound up.
David Wyrick erected a large two story
frame hotel in 1833, on the corner of Main
Street. The building was put up under con-
tract, by a man named Kibby, and the lumber
for it was all sawed with a whip-saw, by
Wiley and Levi Cline. Wyrick kept the
hotel until 1845, when he sold it and moved
one mile south of town. The house did a
good business, and was long a favorite stop-
ping place. Twilley also built a tavern, on
the corner opposite Wyrick, which he kept
for about twelve years. He kept a " grocery "
(a saloon) in connection with his tavern, and
" the boys " used to have high old times
there, occasionally. Ferguson, after he sold
out his store opened a tan j'ard in the south
part of town, and kept a leather store in a
room of the building on the north side of the
street. He worked several men and did a
large business. In 1861 he sold out to Hunt,
who carried it on several years, when he died.
His widow married James Blackman, and con-
tinued the business until a few years ago.
Livingston became quite a business point.
HI.STOUY OV CLARK COUXTY.
401
and was the center of a large trade. Society
was not as o;ood as in some other places, and
mixed up with the business of the town was
a good deal of deviltry, committed by the
more unj^odly of the population. The town
grew rai)idly for a numl)er of years, and
during the ag tation at diflferent times upon
the subject of moving the county seat, Liv-
ingston entered into the contest, and became
a rival for capital honors. When Marshall was
finaliv' selected as the "permanent " seat of
justice, Livingston began to decline in pros-
perit}', and year by j-ear lost much of its
wonted energy.
A Masonic lodge was organized here in
18G7. Among the charter members were
Jacob Fishback, James Haddon, Jacob Pat-
ton, Adison Robinson, T. L. Orendorif and
.Tohn "Walker. The present officers are: A.
Robinson, master; Henry Haslett, senior
warden; James Snyder, junior warden; D.
M. Bell, SL'cretary; L. F. Weaver, treasurer;
and Alfred Wyrick, tiler. The lodge has a
membership of thirtj'-, and owns its own hall,
which was built some twelve j'ears ago.
Tiie village of McKeen was laid out in
1870, by Francis Jones, Volney Chapin and
Fred Elmdorf, on the south part of the
northeast quarter of the northeast quarter,
and the north part of the southeast quarter
of the northeast quarter, and part of the
southwest quarter of the northeast quarter
of section 27, township 13 and range 11 west.
Chapin & Jones erected a large steam factory.
Thov bought an extensive tract of land for
the timber, and employed some hundred men
or more. They made staves, sawed lumber,
etc. John Foreman, had a store which he
operated about two years, and then sold it to
Jones & Chapin. He had a laige stock of
goods, valued at §20,000. The mill and
factory brought many families to the village
to get work in tliein. The}' run the mill and
factory about seven years, then sold it to a
man named Clutter, who moved the machin-
ery away. The place at the present time has
three stores, one tile kiln, a few shops, and
about one hundred inhabitants.
A Masonic lodge was established in 1878,
with the following charter members: H. M.
Griswold, R. M. Conover, Chas. Larrabee, W.
W; Wilson, J. W. Brenaman, J. R. Dow, M.
T. Rollings, Jos. Rollings, P. Benallack, D.
H. Smith and several other well-known citi-
zens. H. M. Griswold was the first master;
R. M. Conover, senior warden, and R. R.
Trimble, junior warden.
Dennison Village was laid out in 1871, by
Lyman Booth, on the northwest quarter of
the northeast quarter of section 26, township
12, and range 11, west. Booth and Dulaney
established a large manufacturing establish-
ment to work up the timber, and employed
fifty hands. They manufactured spokes and
wagon material principally. It was in oper-
ation about five years and was then moved
to Kentucky, on the Cumberland River.
Booth & Dulaney carried on a large store
in connection with their business, and sold a
great manv goods. John Bernard also had
a store, and erected a two story house on
Main street, near the depot. Blinn & Dag-
gett had a saw-mill, which thoy operated two
years, when they moved it away. A. Valker
started a drug store, which he has carried on
ever since. There are two stores, several
shops, and a dozen or two dwellings.
The first school taught in what is now Wa-
bash Township, Mr. Kuvkondall says, was in
1820, and was taught in the southeast part
of the township, on the Darwin Road. John
Crews was the teacher, and afterward John-
son and Jerry Lycan taught at the same
place. It was also a jilace of early religious
meetings. Among the pioneer ministers, who
used to proclaim the won! of Go>l there, may
be mentioned. Revs. Whitney, Blackburn,
Young, Howe, Taylor, Proctor and Ci rry
402
HISTOUY OF CLARK COUxN'TY.
Another of the early schools was taught by
Otto Davis, in 1830, in a small deserted
cabin, just south of Livint^ston. He was a
good teacher for that day, and taught several
terms ill the township. James Yokum taught
at the same place, but was a dissipated fellow.
He afterward taught in Livingston. The
first house built for school purposes, was near
the Durell mill in 1833. It was a log
structure and was built by the neighbors.
A man named Callaster taught tlie first school
ill it. The second school-house was built on
tlie Taylor farm, in the southeast part of the
township. Benjamin Boles taught in this
house, but was a good, easy kind of a fellow
and fond of his toddy. Stephen Archer was
also an early teacher.
Wabash Township is well supjjlied with
churches. Just where or when the first
church society was organized we did not
learn. Among the church organizations, are
Black Chapel in the southeast part of the
township. Union Baptist church, the Method-
ist churches at liivingston and Dennison vil-
lages, and several others in different parts of
the township. The Union Baptist church
was organized at the Lowe school-house on
Crooked Creek, in 1856. The members in
the south part of the township split off and
formed an independent organization and
built a church edifice. A Methodist church
was organized at the Blundell school-house,
and during the war the organization became
divided on political issues, which led to a
split, and the organization of a Methodist
Episcopal Church South. Both societies grew
somewhat lukewarm, and in 1879, the old
church was reorganized by Rev. J.W. Lapham,
and is now known as Mount Gilead church.
Through the negligence or indifference of
those who should be interested in preserving
their church history, we have been enabled to
obtain but few facts, and must close the chap-
ter with this meager sketch of the churches.
^'=^r^^<^;^a> p
CHAPTEE XT.
MARTINSVILLE TOWNSHIP— TOPOGRAPHT— SOIL AND TIMBER— PIONEER SETTLEMENT-
NATIONAL ROAD— EARLY HOTELS— INCIDE^TTS— INDIANS— VILLAGE OF
MARTINSVILLE— ITS GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT— MILLS
—SECRET SOCIETIES -SCHOOLS— CHURCHES.
" Where nothing dwelt but beasts of prey,
Or men as fierce and wild as they."
IN the year 1832 Joseph Martin came to
Clark County and settled on section 7 of
town 10 and Luilt a house on the National
Road, which at that time was in process of
construction.
Subsequently he laid out a village, which
he named for himself, Martinsville. At the
time the county went into township organiza-
tion, the precinct in which the village was
situated, took its name from the town. The
limits of the township thus organized, con-
cided with the limits of the congressional
survey, and contained the regular thirty -six
sections.
In 1S59, on the formation of the township
of Auburn, three sections from the northeast
corner were taken for that purpose, and sub-
sequently, to equalize the contribution of the
various towns to the construction of Auburn,
four and a half sections were added to the
northern boundary of Martinsville from Dol-
son, makin^r the township somewhat in the
form of the letter L and containing in all
thirty -seven and a half square miles of terri-
tory. The township originally was pleasantly
diversified with prairie and woodland. The
prairie portion is made up of Parker Prairie,
which occupies the northwest corner, and Dol-
son Prairie, which extends through the central
part of the township from the northern to the
southern boundary. The surface of the prai-
rie is gently undulatory, and when first
pressed by the feet of white men was covered
with a dense growth of tall grass, interspersed
with numerous flowers of almost every hue,
which gave the country the ajjpearance of a
vast garden.
The original condition of the soil was wet
and slushy owing to the hard clay subsoil,
beneath which the water could not penetrate.
This moisture, together with the vast amount
of decaj-ing vegetable matter which had rot-
ted upon the ground for centuries, proved the
prolific source of many of the malarial dis-
eases with -which the early settlers were
afflicted. As the country became populated
artificial drainage was resorted to, and the
parts that were formerly looked upon as next
to worthless have been reclaimed, and are now
the best farming districts in the township.
The soil is a rich black loam, varying in depth
from fifteen inches to two feet, and can not be
excelled for agricultural purposes. The
broken parts of the township are confined
principally to the eastern and western parts,
and were originally heavily timbered with
oak and hickory. Along the water courses,
walnut was found in limited quantities, and
elms of gigantic sizes were to be seen at
intervals; much of the best timber land has
been cleared, and the ground put in cultiva-
tion. The soil in the timber and on the
more elevated portions is light and largely
clay mixed. It is far inferior to the prairie
404
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
soil for farmino- purposes but yet by careful
tillage it returns fair crops of wheat, oats,
corn and the other cereals.
The township is drained by a number of
water couises which traverse the countrj' in
various directions. The chief of these streams
is the North Fork which enters the township
near the northwest corner, and takes a south-
erly course through the western part.
It receives a number of small tributaries in
its course and leaves the township from sec-
tion 19. Along this stream the country is
very broken and abrupt, and poorly adapted
for agricultural purposes. Willow Creek, the
second stream in size, has its source in section
16, and flows a southeasterly direction and
passes in its course through sections 12 and
20, and crosses the southern boundary of the
township from section 35. During the greater
part of the year this stream is verj^ small, but
in rainy seasons it freqvtently becomes a raging
torrent, and often overflows its banks for con-
siderable distances on either side.
A tributary of Mill C'leek known as Black-
burns branch rises near the central part of the
township, and flows an easterly direction
through sections 15, 23 and 24. Stockwell
Creek flows through the northern part of the
township in a southwesterly course and unites
with North Fork, about one half mile west of
the village of Martinsville in section 18. All
the streams enumerated receive a number of
small affluents which meander through vari-
ous parts of the township. The early condi-
tion of the country presented but few induce-
ments to the pioneer, and it was not until a
number of years had elapsed from the date of
the first settlement in the eastern part of the
county that any settlement was made within
the present limits of the township. Anumber
of squatters whose name could not be ascer-
tained, located in an early day, along the
North Fork, but made no improvements fur-
ther than erecting a few rude cabins, and
clearing small spaces of ground around them.
They were allured to the county in quest of
game, which at that time was very plenty
and easily procured. These transient citizens
remained but few years, and left for other
parts at the appearance of the permanent
settlers who entered and improved the land.
The first permanent settlement in the town-
ship was made in the western part on the pre-
sent site of Martinsville village, about the
year 1829. The principal attraction to this
point was the National Road which had been
surveyed through the country a few years
previous, and at the time referred to was in
process of construction. A large number of
men were employed on the work, which ne-
cessitated the erection of boarding houses for
their accommodation. Several of these were
erected at different places, but, unfrtunately
the names of the proprietors have been for-
gotten. John Chancellor was the first perma-
nent settler of whom anything definite is
known. He immigrated to this State from
Kentucky and built his first house, which was
a small cabin, a short distance west of the
main part of the village in the spring of 1829.
The following year he erected a more com-
modious structure, a large two-story log house,
which he opened for the accommodation of
the workmen and such transient guests as
found it convenient to accept his hospitali-
ties. He appears to have been a man of some
prominence and made a number of improve-
ments during the period of his residence in
the township. He entered the land where
the town of Martinsville was laid out in the
vear 1832. It was about this time that the
first native accession was made to the settle-
ment in the person of John M. Chancellor,
whose birth occurred the latter part of the
above year. Chancellor died at his home in
the year 1881, at an advanced age. The old
homestead is at present occupied by his
daughter, Mrs. Montgomery. Joshua Abney,
^.
:m ,
^ &-c/^
HISTORY OF CLARK COUXTY.
407
a brot ior-iii-1 i\v of Cliunccllor, canio about
tlio same time and located in section 7, a
s!(irt di^it:^llce west oF the villaaje. He was a
Ki'ntuckiaii also, but had live I in Coles
CouMty several years prior to his moving to
this township. He bi^carae the poss'ssor of
forty acres of land, which ho occupied until
the j'Ciir 1832, at whic-h time he sold to Ben-
jamin Dolson and moved to Indiana. Dolson
caine to Clark Count}' as early as 18"W, and
settled in Melrose township. He moved to
Martinsville six years later and erected a two-
story hewed log- house on the National Road,
a short distance west of the Chancellor farm,
which he opened for the benefit of the travel-
ing public. This house became a very popu-
lar resort and was a favorite stoppin::^ place
for travelers for a number of years. The
generous hospitality of the landlord and the
abundance of the fare attracted the passers-
by and the tavern was never in want of pay-
ing guests. It was extensively patronized
until the year 1843, when it was discontinued
on account of Dolson's death.
Among the earliest settlers in the same lo-
cality, was Amos Potts who immigrated from
Ohio in the year 1S30. He located on sec-
tion 7 and erected the first house on' the ori-
ginal plat of Martinsville. Potts had the rep-
utation of being a shrewd trader and was in-
duced to settle at this point throuih a sjiirit
of specv.lation. Not realizing his anticipated
fortune, he sold his land to David Weisner
and Benjamin Dolson, after occupying it
about eighteen months, and moved with
his family further west. Iti the yuar
1832, the little settlement was increased
by the addition of the following persons:
Jacob Chriss, Isaac CIn-iss, Jerry Chriss,
David T. Weisner and Thomas Scholfield.
The Chriss family wore from Ohio. The fath-
er, Jacol> Chriss, was one of the earliest pio-
neers of M ami County in that State and I'ved
there until quite an old man. Ldce all the
early settlers in this country they came west
to make their fortunes which they supposed
could be realized in a very short time. Isaac
Chriss settled about two miles north of the
village of Martinsville on land which is at
present in possession of the widow Ullery.
Jerry located a short distance east of the vil-
lage on land which has since been added to
the town plat. The father made his home
with his sons until his death which occurred
a short time after their arrival. The Chrisses
were men of roving tendencies and reinained
but few years in this part of the country,
when they sold out and moved overland to
Oregon.
Isaac died in that State in the year 1853.
Jerry subse(iuently moved to Texas, since
which nothing has been heard of him. David
Weisner was a native of the District of Colum-
bia. He imnii'vrated to Clark County some
time prior to 1825 and settled in York town-
ship .where he achieved consiilcrable notoriety
as a pugilist. At the breaking out of the
Black Hawk War he enlisted in the company
of volunteers raised at York, and was one of
the few soldiers from this part of the State
who saw an}' real service in that struggle.
He entered land in this township, in 1832, on
which he moved the latter part of the same
year. He achieved a very unsavory reputa-
tion while a resident of Martinsville and ap-
pears to have been engaged in many of the
rows and drunken brawls so common in the
early history of the villao-e. His favorite
theme was politics, which he talked almost
constantly, and when his arguments failed to
cor.vince an adversary he frequently backed
them with something more forcible, his fist5.
Being a very Hercules in strength, but few
c.iredto gain his ill-will and Ue was generally
allowed to have his own way. He subse-
quently moved to Cumberhiiid County, where,
it is said, ho reformed from his many evil
hi'.bits and ways and became a respectable
■10?
HISTORY OF CLARIC COUNTY.
and well-to-do citizen. Thomas Scholfield
moved to Illinois from Ohio, about the year
1838 and settled in Melrose township where
he lived until 1833. He moved to Martins-
ville some time during tlie latter year, and
acquired forty acres of land lying a short
distance west of the village. He improved
a portion of this land, and occupied it until
the year 1835 at which time he sold to Ben-
jamin Dolson and David Weisner and re-
moved two miles further west into the adjoin-
ing township of Cumberland. Scliollield was
a good man, and did much in a quiet way to
advance the interests of the community in
which he resided. He moved to Oregon in the
year 185G and at the present time is living in
that State. His son, .Judge Scholfield, a man
of State reputation and the leading lawyer of
the county, resides in Marsliall. The fol-
lowing year witnessed the arrival in the
township, of William McGahan and Amos
Bixby. McGahan located here for the pur-
pose of working on the National Road. He
entered forty acres of land near Martinsville,
which he sold, on the completion of the road,
and joined the tide of immigration which at
that time was making its way to Oregon and
California. Bixby was an unmarried man, or
to express it in more terse English, an old
bachelor. He entered land a few miles west
of the village, in this and the adjoining town-
ship of Cumberland. He was a man of ample
means and continued to add to his original
tract of land until he became the possessor
of more than six hundred acres. A good
portion of this land ^yas rented to early set-
tlers on their arrival in the county, before
they had time to improve farms of their own.
Bixby was a man of intelligence and con-
siderable business tact, but possessed manv
peculiar characteristics. His conduct at
times was very singular and he seemed to
labor under the weight of some secret trouble
which gave rise to the question of his sanity.
He built a good house on his farm which he
fitted up with great care for his own use.
The morning after its completion, he went
to a neighbor near by and borrowed a gun
for the purpose, he said, of killing a deer. No
sooner did he get the gun than he returned
to his house, entered and securely fastened
the door. He then placed the muzzle of the
gun beneath his chin, discharged it with a
stick and killed himself instantly. The
manner of his death left no doubt in the
minds of the people as to his insanity.
Among others who settled in the township
prior to 183u were Green Redman and Joshua
P. Cooper. The former was a native of
Kentucky, and, after his arrival here became
an active politician. He was a man of con-
siderable talent and possessed the happy
faculty of telling what he knew, which he
often did in such jjlain English, as to offend
his political opponents. He was chosen
justice of the peace at the first election held
in the precinct, and served the people in that
capacity for several terms. In the year 1840,
he sold his possessions in Martinsville and
moved to Clay County. From there he went
to Missouri a few years later, and subse-
quently became a citizen of Kansas. He
took an active part in the Kansas agitation,
and was a member of the Lecompton Con-
stitutional convention. He was afterward
elected a member of the Legislature of that
State and made himself obnoxious to the
anti-slaverv members by his vigorous out-
spoken pro-slavery sentiments. Cooper's
native State was Pennsylvania, which he left
in early manhood and went to Indiana. He
moved to Illinois and settled near Martins-
ville in the summer of the year alluded to,
but made no improvements. He was an
attorney, and might have become a rising
man but for his innate love of low things,
which made him many enemies in the com-
munity. He was one of the principal actors
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
409
in till! formation of the villajre of Martinsville
and took a livel}' interest in its growth and
development.'' He afterward moved to
^farsliall. During the succeeding year the
following persons settled within the present
limits of the township: Albert Kitchell,
David Chancellor, James Wriij^ht and Samuel
Dolson. Later came Asa Starks, Addison
Spenny, Lemuel S. Cla^-pool and Willis
Doiighet-e. Starks, of whom but little is
known, immigrated from the State of New
York and located a short distance east of the
]iresunt site of Martinsville. He remained
but few years when he sold out and left the
township. Spenny came to Illinois from
Ohio in company with his father and settled
a few miles south of Martinsville. A brother,
Morrison Spenny, came about the same time
and located in the same vicinity. He was,
like many of the early settlers in and around
Martinsville village, a politician. He served
one term as sheriif and shortly after the ex-
piration of his term, became involved in
.some domestic d.fliculty and left the county.
Addison Soenny subsequently moved to Cali-
fornia, where, at the last account, he was
still living.
Claypool came to this township from Mel-
rose, where he had settled several years
■ previous. He was one of the earliest school-
teachers in the county, and taught the first
term in this township, the same year of his
settlement. He entered forty acres of land
in section 17, which he occupied for a number
of years.
Willis Doughetee came to Clark County
from Peoria, Indiana. His native State was
Kentucky, and he left his early homo with
the expectation of making a fortune in the
newly developed country of the Hoosier
State. Kot realizing his exprctations tluiro
he was induced to move to this State, owing
to the flattering accounts of the country ho
heard on every hand. He entered land in
section 9, and improved a very good farm.
His distinguishing characteristic appears to
have been an inordinate love for public posi-
tions, and he was what might be termed a
chronic office seeker. His official career com-
menced when he was chosen justice of the
peace, the duties of which office he dis-
charged with all the dignity of a Supreme
judge. Later he was appointed postmaster,
at Martinsville, and in 1849 was nominated
by his party for the Legislature, and elected
by a handsome majority. He was a promi-
nent and enterprising citizen, but possessed
a love of self, which was developed to an
abnormal degree. It is related that upon one
occasion, he submitted to a public exami-
nation, at the request of an audience, to have
his character delineated by a phrenological
lecturer. After speaking of his many good
qualities and characteristics, the lecturer pro-
ceeded to tell in what vocations of life the
subject would best succeed. '• He,possesses
many qualifications of a chief justice, but has
peculiar fitness for the army, and would make
a brilliant general. As a soldier, you could
always find him in the front rank — in a re-
treat." A few years after the expiration of
his term in the Legislature, he sold his farm
t.) a man by the name of ShaiTnor, and moved
with his family to one of the Western States.
He returned to Illinois a few years later and
purchased land on Parker Prairie in the ad-
joinino- township.
Shortly after the foregoing settlers arrived,
James O. Hedges, and his son, James V.
Hedges, settled in the township, on land
■which is situated a little west of Martinsville
village. They came here from Ohio, and for
a number of years were prominently identi-
fiid with the history and srowth of the town-
ship. The names of nuny other settlers
could be added to the list enumerated, but
the, limits of this chapter forbid a further
mention. But few of these who came in
410
HISTORY OF CLAEK COUNTY.
when the county was a wilderness, re-
main to tell the story of their struggles
and hardships; of their many trials while lay-
ing the foundation of the homes where their
descendants now live, surrounded by circum-
stances calculated to make life happy. The
pioneers in this part of the county found no
" royal pathway to aflQuencc — for many years
their lot was anything but enviable." Hard
work was the duty of each day, in order to
keep the hungry wolf from the door. The
first crops were principally corn, which af-
forded the chief means of subsistence for a
number of years. The settler's rifle, which
was one of his most valuable pieces of
property, furnished the table with meat; tliis
was easily obtained, as deer and other game
were so plenty as to prove very troublesome.
Deer would come close enough to the cabin
to be shot from the door, while large numbers
of prairie chickens made their roosting places
on the roofs of the houses. Much of this
game was shot during the fall season by a
band of Kickapoo Indians, who had their
camp on Turkey Run and North Fork. At
the time the first settlers made their appear-
ance, there were five hundred of these Indi-
ans in the country. They would leave at
the beginning of winter and remain away
until the following fall, when they would re-
turn on their annual hunts. Tliev were not
troublesome, but, on the contrary, showed a
great deal of friendship toward the settlers.
and would bring moccasins, beads, and vari-
ous other articles into the settlement, and ex-
change them for calico, pork, tobacco and
whiskv, of which every settler always kept
a supply. These annual hunts were finally
discontinued, and, since 1836, no Indians
have been seen in the township. Owing to
the lack of natural facilities in this part of
the country, tiiere was little indiiC'-ment to
erect mills of any sort, especially as the older
communities of Marshall and the eastern part
of the county were easily accessible. Situ-
ated in the western part of the county, con-
siderably removed from the early lines of
business activities, the country di;veloped no
tendency for mercantile pursuits.
The stores of Marshall and elsewhere sup-
plied such articles as were necessary, and the
settlement was for several years purely a
farming community. In the year 1832, how-
ever, Joseph Martin came to the county and
located in section 7, on the National lioad.
Ho was a native of Oliio and a man of no par-
ticular enterprise and drifted to this point
without any definite motive. The land where
he settled had originally been entered by
John Chancellor, who subsequently sold it to
Amos Potts. Martin purchased the land in
about the year 1833. A short time afterward
Joshua Cooper, with some genius for specu-
lation, suggested to Martin the plan of plat-
ting a village on part of the property which
was done in the year 1833 under some ar-
rangement of partnership by the two men.
The platting of the town attracted a small
settlement, the out-growth of which was the
erection of a little log cabin where a small
stock of groceries ajid more whisky, were of-
fered for sale. This little store, or gin-shop
rather, was started by Fitch & Redman and
was the general rendezvous of the entire
neighborhood. The community which early
gathered here, consisted largely of a floating
class of people whose practices gave the
place a very unsavory reputation. The peo-
ple were chiefly characterized by their dis.-olute
habits and general lack of thrift. Sunday
was especially devoted to horse-racing and
carousing, a system of things which continued
to characteiize the place for several years.
In the year 1836, John Stockwell and a Mr.
Chenoweth came from Darwin and moved a
stock of goods into the little cabin that had
been used by Redman & Fitch for a grocery.
About the same time Willis Doughetee com-
HISTORY OF CLARK COUXTY.
411
monced the erection of a iVamo buildirijr near
the central part of the town, for tlie pur]iose
of eng iging in the mercantile business, but
sold the house to Stockwell & Chenoweth
before its completion, who transferred their
stock to it. This firm was composed of men
of high character and active business abilities
and gave the village a new lease of life.
From the time of their advent, a better class
of citizens was attracted and society betran to
amend at once. Their stock of goods con-
sisted of a miscellaneous assortment of mer-
chandise and represented a cash value of
about §3,000. Their business kept pace with
the development of the country and their
trade became very extensive and lucrative.
Tliey continued the business as partners until
the year 18J0, when they closed out their
stock at public auction. A second store had
been started in the meantime by Messrs. Hunt
& Gamble, who kept a small stock of general
merchandise and a liberal supply of " fire-
water." The}' did business about eighteen
months, when, finding that they could not
cope *ith the larger and more successful
store of Stockwell & Chenowetli, closed out
their goods and retired from the field. Stock-
well again engaged in business about the
yearlSil, with McClureas a partner. They
continued the business very successfully to-
gether until the year 184G, when McClure
purchased tlie entire interest. McClure ran
the store on an extensive scale until about
the year 1856, at which time he sold to other
parties ami removed from the village. The
Preston brothers erected a store building
about the year 18i2, just opposite the Nicho-
las hotel. They stocked it the same year
with a large assortment of clothing, dry-goods,
groceries, etc., to the amount of $5,000, and
soon acquired a very extensive trade. Will-
iam Lindsoy purchased this store in 1853,
increased the stock and continued the busi-
ness until the year 185G.
A number of other business houses sprang
up from time to time and the place soon be-
came noted as a permanent trading point.
One of the principal factors which gave char-
acter to ttie town, was the National Road,
which offered the only means of communica-
tion with other points. The increasing travel
over this thorouglifare necessitated the open-
ing of hotels, and one was built shortly after
the village was laid out. Joseph Martin kept
the first public house in a little cabin which
stood near the Vandalia Railroad. His place
was not very well patronized, however, and
he discontinued the business soon afterward.
Oliver Hall succeeded Mai'tiu about the year
1S36, but did not realize a fortune in his
"role " as landlord. The first regular hotel
was built about the year 1837, and stood
where the Nicholas House now stands. It
was a large hewed log building and was first
kept by a man named Jenkins. He kept a
stage stand also, and his house was a favorite
stopping place for travelers on the National
Road. Major Caldwell succeeded Jenkins in
the management of this hotel, and had charge
of it until the year 1850. At that time the
building was torn down and replaced by a
more substantial and convenient brick struct-
ure which is still standing. It was built by
Jacob Anderson who kept it for some years.
Another early hotel was built by Willis
Doughetee in 1810 and was known as the
Rocky Mountain House. Doughetee kept the
house for a number of years and it became a
very popular resort. The building is still
standing, near the Pan Handle depot, and is
used at the present time for a dwelling.
The first mechanic who came to the village
was Cornelius Jenkins. H.; built a black-
smith shop near the central part of the village
where the Knapp store building stands, in
the year 1838. He was joined the same year
by Joseph Dixon, and together they operated
the shop Tor several years and did a very
412
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
g'ood business. Among other early black-
smiths, are rpinernbered, William Gordon and
James Wilson, both of whom worked at their
trade prior to the year 1842. A very small
space will be sufficient in which to notice the
early manufacturing interests of Martinsville.
The absence of facilities prevented the erec-
tion of mills and factories in an early day and
it was not until the ye.ar 1854 that a umnufact-
uring establishment of any kind was put in
operation. In that year, Messrs. Davis &
McMurray erected a carding machine in the
eastern part of the villnge which proved a
moderately successful venture. Tlie building
was frame and the machinery was run by
steam. It was in operation about five years,
when the building was torn down and used in
the remodeling of Cooper's flouring mill.
The latter mill was built in the year 1854
at a cost ol $14,000. The original building
was three stories high and stood in the north-
eastern part of the village. The machinery
was operated by steam and the mill became
extensively patronized. It was purchased by
G. W. Cooper, the present proprietor, in the
year ISoG, who afterward remodeled it, en-
larged the building and added new and im-
proved machinery. . It is at nrcsent three sto-
ries and a half high, has ten run of buhrs, and
a grinding capacity of about two hundred and
twenty- five barrels of flour per day. It is one
of the largest mills on the line of the Vanda-
lia railroad and ships flour to all parts of the
country.
Another steam flouring mill was erected in
the town in the year 1868 by Samuel Macy.
It stands in the southern part of the village,
and is at present run by W. L. Roberts. The
Sallee brothers erected a large steam saw-
mill near the railroad in the eastern part of
the town in the year 1880. This mill does an
immense business and manufactures large
quantities of lumber.
In the meantime the business interests of
the town had increased, and the completion
of the Vandalia llailroad in 1871, gave the
place a permanency it did not before possess.
Since that time a number of good store build-
ings have been erected, and the village has
taken upon itself the dignity of an incor-
porated town. Its business is represented by
the following exhibit: Three large dry goods
stores kept by Charles Douglass, W. G. Del-
ashmuth and Elizabeth Vaughn; J. Ishler
keeps a general assortment of merchandise.
Grange Store kept by Levi Williams; Black
& Fasig, Tichenor & Bro. and John Gamble,
druggists; Henry Randal and Benjamin
Welch make groceries a specialty. There
are two large hardware stores kept by the
Lindsey brothers, and Martin Flenner, John
Sanderson and Martin Taggart, harness-
makers. There are in addition to the above,
two restaurants, an agricultural store, one
wagon shop, two millinery stores, two ware-
houses, one shoo shop, two barber shops and
one livery stable. Tiie present town board is
composed of the following persons: W. H.
Randal, John Deahle, W. G. Delashrauth,
F. J. Johnson, J. T. Sanderson and O. D.
Germain, Trustees; B. H. Welsh, clerk.
Clark Lodge No. 603, F. and A. M. was
organized Oct. 6, 1S6S, with the following
charter members: A. G. Fetter, Thomas Milli-
gan, Samuel Medkiff, George Stevens, Charles
Duncan, John Gamble, Alexander Ryan,
G. W. Ewalt, J. Fulton and John F. Alex-
ander. First officers were A. G. Fetter,
W. M.; Thomas Milligan, S. W.; and Samuel
MedkifF, J. W. The present officers are .lerry
Ishler, W. M.; H. Gassoway, S. AV.; MHlliam
Barbee, J. W.; John Gamble, Sec't; W. H.
Randal, Treas. There are forty-five members
belonging to the lodge at present and it is
reported in good working order. The meet-
ings are held in Odd Fellows' Hall.
Martinsville Lodge No. 134, I. O. O. F.
was instituted February 28, 1853, by J. W.
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
413
Ellis, G. M. The following names appear on
the charter. Benjamin McKeen, B. F. Mc-
Clure, Jonathan Rains, George Conger, T. B.
MuClure, William I/indsey, Daniel Gard,
Morrison Spenny and Jacob Anderson. The
present membership is about thirty-six. The
hall in which the lodge holds its meetings was
erected in the year 1854. It is a good sub-
stantial building and belongs to the organiza-
tion. The present officers of the lodge are
Isaac Ishler, N. G.; Carey Winterowd, V. G.;
J. T. Sanderson, Sec't.; J. C. Porter, Treas.;
Thomas Troughton, R. S. N. G.; Walter Mc-
Cleary,\L. S. N. G.
The Martinsville Encampment was institu-
ted in the year 1838 by the Paris Encamp-
ment. The original membership was fourteen.
The present officers are Isaac Ishler, Chief
Patriarch; J. T. Sanderson, Scribe; J. P.
Spahr, High Priest; J. C. Portf^r, S. W.; S. A.
Fasig, J. W.; and John Deahle, Treas. There
are about twenty-one members belonging at
the present time. A Lodge of K. of H. was
organized in the year 1874 with a member-
ship of fourteen which has since increased to
twenty.
They hold their meetings in Odd Follows'
Hall. The present officers are D. W. Tibbs,
P. D.; Levi Williams, D. ; H. Bradshaw,
V. D.; Thomas Murphy, Ass't D.; F. J. Harris,
Rep.; H. Gassoway, F. R.; Jerry Ishler, Chap-
lain; B. H. Welsh, Guide; O. D. Germain,
Guardian; and C. B. Waterford, Sen't.
Tlio first school in Martinsville was taught
about the year 1834 by Lemuel S. Claypool
in a little cabin which stood a short distance
west of the village. The house had been
previously used as a residence by a squatter.
Claypool taught here several years but did
not seem to give very good satisfaction.
The second school was taught by Salmon
Rice some time later. Unlike many pioneer
teachers. Rice was a man of culture and
brought with him to his work the advantages
of a collegiate education. He was a man of
extensive information but was marked by
many eccentricities among which was his
aversion to societj'. He was an unmarried
man and lived in a small cabin by himself
and mingled but little with his fellow men.
Among the early pedagogues was Seth Hitch-
cock. He was a dwarf in stature, but pos-
sessed the strength of a giant which he did
not hesitate to e.xercise upon any pupil who
had the temerity to violate aliy of his iron-clad
rules. He had but one finger on his right
hand but with it he could wield the rod with
such force as to bring the most obdurate
to speedy terms. Absalom Hurley, Oliver
Hall and Robert Williamson taught schools
in the village during the early years of its,
history. The old Methodist church building
was used jointly for church and school pur-
poses from 1843 until 1853. In the latter
year a frame school- house was erected in the
south part of the town near the Vandalia
depot. It was used until the year 1871, at
which time the present handsome and com-
modious brick structure was erected. This
building stands on an eminence in the south
part of the village and is one of the most
complete school edifices in the county. It is
two stories high, contains four large size
rooms, and was built at a cost of $10,000.
The schools at the present time are under the
efficient management of Prof. L. S. Kilbourn,
princi| al, assisted by Jasper Bennett, Laura
Arbuckle, Mattie Sutherland and Lucy Ryan.
The average attendance throughout the year is
about three hundred pupils.
The first religious services in Martinsville
Township were held at private residences,
and conducted by missionary preachers of the
Methodist church. The early settlers, what-
ever their beliefs or lack of belief, were
generally ready to open their doors to these
missionaries. The early community of Mar-
tinsville, however, seems to have been an ex-
414
HISTOKY OF CLARK COUNTY.
ception to tills general rule, and in 1834 John
Chambers, the pioneer preacher of this
section found it imp issible to hold services
because of the people's unwillingness to open
their cabins for that purpose. Nothing
daunted by the inhospitable treatment, he
arranged to hold a meeting in a grove near
by, the novelty of which served to bring out
quite an audience. A littl^e later several
Methodist families moved into the com-
niunity, and services were regularly he'd
thereafter. Among the early ministers are
remeiiiljercd, Jesse H.iil, John Strange,
BiundiWl an<l -^ — ^IcGinnis, all of whom
preached to the little band of worshipers
" without money, and without price." None
of these preachers were men of brilliant
scholastic attainmants, but they all possessed
a rude and forceful eloquence which suited the
needs and appreciation of their hearers. In
the year 1838 Rev. Mr. Chenoweth, was sent
to Martinsville by the Paris circuit for the
purpose of organizing a society. With the
assistance of Rev. Holland James, and
WilliaiTi Wilson, an organization was effected
tlie latter part of the same year with the fol-
lowing members: John Stockwell and wife,
Oliver Hail and wife, Wesley Low and wife,
Walter Hill and wife, and Miss Hill. Serv-
ices were regularly held at the residences of
the different members until about the year
1843, when a small hewed log house was
erected on the National Road, in the eastern
part of the village. The society was at-
tached to the Livingston circuit the same
year in which the organization took place.
The first pastor was Lewis Amdson, who
served one year. He was succeeded by
Samuel Burr who preached the same length
of. time. L. Oliver followed JBurr arid re-
mained one year. Then came Jesse Hail
wlio had charge of the congregation for one
year. Hail vras a native of North Carolina,
and a man of fine education. He traveled
extensively over the greater part of the
western country and was widely known on
account of his many peculiarities. Rev.
Joseph McMurtry succeeded Hail, and
preached one year. He was followed by
William C. Blundell, who remaiied the same
length of time, and was, in turn, succeeded
by Thomas C. Lopez. The last named was
an able preacher, and did much toward
building up the church during his pastorate.
The nantes of other pastors were not learned.
The old log house served as a meeting place
until the year 1854, at which time steps were
taken to build a house more in keeping with
the growth of the congregation. The pres-
ent edifice was erected the latter part of that
year, and is still a comfortable house of wor-
ship. It is a substantial, frame structure, and
cost about §1,'200. The church has increased
ra|)idly in numbers and is now one of the best
appointments in the Martinsville circuit. A
flourishing Sunday school is maintained in
connection with the church, and is well at-
tended. The present pastor is Rev. Mr. Mc-
El fresh.
The Old School Baptists had a small con-
aTeffation in Martinsville at an early dav, but
its existence was of short duration. Their
preachers were Richard Newport, Stanley
Walker and — Shields.
The Church of God at Martinsville was
established in the year 1847. The members
comprising it were all from Richland County,
Ohio, and their names are as follows: H.
Rupp, Sarah Rupp, William Fasig, Betsy
Fasig, Henry Fasig, Elizabeth Fasig, Chris-
tian Fasig, Catherine Fasig, John Suavely,
Eliza Suavely, William Taggart and Sarah
Tao-gart. The first minister, was Elder
Henry Rupp, a German preacher, of the Ohio
Eldership. His zeal, and devotion to right
principles, gave him a firm hold upon the
people, which he still retains, at the age of
77 years. It is said that he has officiated a
HISTORY OF CLARK COU^'TY.
415
iiiMif I'LiniTals than any other preacher in the
oil ity. The second pastor was Elder J.
lilickeiistafF, under whose pastorate large ac-
rcssions were made to the society. The next
pastor was Elder Geo. Sander, who was sent
out by the East Pennsylvania El.lership, as a
liomj missionary, in the spring of 1851. He
served the church ten or twelve years at
different intervals. Elder S. N. Miller, came
next in the line of pastors. He was an old
and tried man and served the church with
great acceptance. Elder R. H. Bolton, pres-
ent secretary of the General Board of ilis-
s'ons, preached for the congregation from
18G1, until 1SG7. Ilis son, Cyrus Bolton, as-
sisted him in the work during the last year
of his pastorate. Elder A. J. Fenton suc-
ceeded Bolton, and preached very acceptably
lor two years. Elder J. W. Neely acted as
pastor two 3'ears. He was a physician of
extensive practice and a fine theologian.
Elders W. B. Lewellen and E. Hart, each
served the church acceptably as pastors. The
present pastor is Elder R. Perry. Their
house of worship was built in the 3'ear lS.jS.
It is a good frame building and cost SI, 000.
The present membership is seventy-five.
Their Sunday school was organized ii: the
j'ear 1859, with J. MciMauus, as superintend-
ent, a position he held for over fourteen
years. Henry Ishler, is the present superin-
tendent. The school has ten teachers and an
average attendance of seventy-five scholars.
The Island Grove Baptist Church dates its
history from the year 1858. It was organized
by a council, appointed for the purpose, of
which Elder Linus Gilbert was moderator
and Rev. Daniel Harbert, olerk. At the first
meeting, the following names were presented
for membership: Gideon Stafford, S.irah Staf-
ford, Samuel Midkiff, Agnes MidkifT, Jolin
Cooper, Eliz:ibeth Cooper, MaiiMa Stevens
and Phebe Nichols. Rev. Daniel Harbert
was chosen pastor, a position he filled but a
few months, when he resigned, on account of
poor health. He died a short time afterward.
Rev. Eli Frey was called iu 1859 and served the
church until the j'ear 1870. He was succeeded
by Rev. F. M. Doty, who ministered to the
congregation until 1872. The fourth pastor
was L. W. P. Gilbert, a native of Ohio, and
graduate of Granville college. He was a
very able preacher, and remained with the
church until the year 1875. Rev. T. J.
Thornton, was next employed, and preached
acceptably for three years. Then came Rev.
T. J. Neal, who served from 1878 until 1881.
The seventh, and present pastor, is Rev. S.
T. Reynolds, who was called to the pastorate
in the year 1881. The present church edifice
is a frame structure thirty by forty feet, and
was erected at a cost of $1,"2G0. It was built
in 1873.
A Sunday school is maintained during the
greater part of the year, and is at present
under the management of Mills Huckabec,
superintendent.
The Methodists have two churches in the
southern part of the township, both of which
are strong organizations and in flourishing
condition. They have good, substantial
houses of Worship, and are known as the
Saint Paul, and Sliiloh churches. Their pres-
ent pastor is the Rev. McElfresh. The
Methodist Church South maintains two or-
ganizations in the township also. They were
organized about twelve years ago, and at
present, are ministered to by Rev. J. D. R.
Brown.
The United Brethren have a strong society
in the western part of the township, known
as the Lincoln church. Their church edifice
is a good, brick structure — a model of neat-
ness— and was erected at a cost of about
S'2,000. The pastor in charge at the present
time is Rev. E. Hanley.
There is a small society of the Adventists
in the township, a few miles south of Mar-
416
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
tinsville. They have a neat frame buildina^,
and are at present under charge of Rev. M.
Taggart, pastor.
The Baptist Church of Martinsville was
organized February 33, 1879, by a council
consisting of Elders F. J. Thornton, John
Bratton, and others. The original members
were the following: John Roberts, Lucinda
Kemper, Nannie Randal, Lucy Laingor,
Catherine Howell, Julia Grey and Martha
Maxwell. The first pastor was Rev. T. J.
Thornton, of Westfield, who served six
months, when he resigned. The church was
without a pastor for one year, when Elder
J. L. Parker, of Casey, was called. He served
one year, and was succeeded by Elder S. T.
Reynolds, who served the same length of
time. At the expiration of Reynolds' term
as pastor, T. J. Thornton again took charLre
of the church, and is the present pastor. The
membership is about twenty-eight.
The Christians have an organization in the
village, and a neat, brick house of worship.
Their number, at one time quite large, h is
diminished considerably during the last few
years, and at the present time, they do not
maintain a pastor.
The Mount Pleasant Christian Church was
organized in 1879, by Elder C. W. Hill, with
fourteen members. Soon after the oruani-
zation, a good, hewed log house was erected,
in the southeast corner of section 14. The
present membership is about twenty-five.
The pastor in charge, is Rev. James Hill.
CHAPTEE XYI.*
DOLSON TOWNSHIP-TOPOGRAPHY AND PHYSICAL FEATURES-THK COMING OF THE PIO-
NEERS—CHARACTER OF THE PEOPLE-MILLS, ROADS AND OTHER IMPROVE-
MENTS-SCHOOLS, CHURCHES, ETC.— VILLAGE OP CLARKSVILLE, ETC.
THREE quarters of a century ago this
section was a wilderness undisturbed by
the enterprise of the white man. Its history
begins with the year 183S, when the first set-
tlers made their appearance, and the influx of
population, which commenced with the dawn
of that year, ceased not until all the vacant
land was taken up and improved. The in-
ducements which invited immigration to this
part of the country were all that the most exact-
ing could demand, or that nature in her most
pleasant moods could offer. Forests of the
finest timber, streams of flowing water and
broad stretches of fertile prairie lands, were
considerations not to be overlooked by tiio
pioneers in selecting homes for themselves and
their posterity.
Dolson is situated in the northern tier of
townships, and originally included within its
area forty-five square miles of territory, but
in the year 1S59 four and a half sections were
taken off the southeast corner and used in the
formation of Auburn township. It is bounded
on the east bv the townships of Doug-lass and
Marshall, on the south by Auburn and Mar-
tinsville, on the west by Parker and Westfii-ld,
on tlic north by Edgar County, and forms part
of two congressional towns, the northern part
being known as town 12 north, range 13
west, and the southern half as town 11 north,
range 13 west. The country presents a
pleasant diversity of surface and soil, with
prairie and woodland in about equal propor-
*By G.N. Bciry.
tions, the timbered districts being confined to
the eastern and western parts, where the land
in many places is considerably undulating
and broken. The luxuriant forest growth
which once covered these portions of the
township has largely given way to meadow
land and grain field, save where each farmer's
woodland gives token of what the country
was before disturbed by the innovation of the
settler. The timber consists of the varieties
common to this part of the State, and, at the
time the first settlements were made, was
entirely devoid of undergrowth, owing to the
prevalence of fires, which swept over the
country in the fall of every year. Dolson
prairie, from which this division derived its
name, occupies the central part of the town-
ship, extending from the northern to the
southern boundary, and presents one of the
finest agricultural regions to be found within
the limits of the county. Its surface is
gently undulating, and was originally covered
with a dense growth of tall grass, which at-
tested the fertile quality of the soil beneath,
which was not brought into cultivation until
several years had elapsed from the date of
the first settlement, on account of its wet,
slushy nature, and the prevalent belief that
it was totally unfit for farming purposes. la
time, however, this delusive belief was dis-
pelled by the enterprising settlers who first
turned over the tough sod, and who were re-
warded for their labors by ample crops, pro-
duced from the rich soil, a soil, which, after
more than forty years of constant tillage, still
418
IIISTOnY OF CLARK COUNTY.
retains all of its orio-lnul I'ortilitj'. The soil
of the woodland differs very materially from
that of the prairie, being principally of a light,
clayey nature, and not so well adapted for
general farming. But it is fertile, neverthe-
less, and well calculated for wheat and the
other cereals usually grown in this part of the
State, and produces many fine varieties of
fruit, in abundance.
North Fork which affords the principal
drainage of the western part of the county
enters the township in section 7, flows almost
due south along the western boundary and
receives in its course a number of small trib-
utaries, chief among which is Slater's Branch.
The latter stream has its source near the cen-
tral part of the townshii?, passes through parts
of sections 5, 8 and 17, unites with North
Fork in section 18, and affords ample drain-
age to that part of the country through which
it flows. The principal stream of note in the
eastern part of the township is Mill Creek.
It crosses the northern boundary in section
21, flows through an irregular channel in a
southeasterly direction and leaves the town-
ship from sectixDn 13. A tributary of North
Fork in the southwestern part, known as Blue
Grass Creek, completes the list of the more
important water-courses of the township.
Water is everywhere easily accessible.
Springs abound along the streams, while in
other portions of the township, no special dif-
ficulties have been experienced in securing
o-ood wells. The soil is the chief resource,
and as an agricultural district, the township
was first sought by the early settlers. Such a
country generally attracts hardy, enterprising
immif rants through certain and thrifty re-
wards it offers to well-directed labor. The
early pioneers brought families with them
and came to found homes and fortunes, and
to "-ain both by industrious and thrifty lives;
frugality and industry were the cardinal vir-
tues of the pioneer farmers who first felled the
forests and turned the prairie soil of Dolson.
Years of self-denying effort made up lor the
price which the settlers paid for their lands
where their descendants now live in comfort
and plenty.
The first permanent settlement in Dolson,
according to the most reliable testimony,
seems to have been made in the north-eastern
part near the prasent village of Clarksville, as
early as the year 1828, by three immigrant
families from Kentucky. The heads of these
families were John Drake, William Rogers
and William Smith, all of v^'liora erected cab-
ins and improved small patches of ground in
the same locality. Drake settled temporarily
on apiece of land lying south of Clarksville a
part of which he improved and on which he
lived for six years, when he sold the improve-
ments to Daniel Lycan, who entered the land.
A son, John Drake, was born the year after
the family moved here, which was the first
birth in Dolson, two years later Mrs. Drake
died. This was the first d.-ath that occurred
in the township. Drake afterward purchased
land and resided in the township until the
time of his death in 1847.
Rogers remained where he originally set-
tled but a short time, when he moved further
south and improved a small farm in the south-
west quarter of section 1, which he entered
in the year 1833. He occupied this place
about one year, when he sold it to Daniel El-
ledo-e and moved to Martinsville. From the
latter place he went to Texas, where he died
a number of years ago. William Smith
settled the farm where J. G. Lycan lives, to
whom he sold his im rovements, in the year
1834. He was a man well calculated for a
pioneer, and raised a family of stalwart sons,
who partook of his adventurous nature to a
great extent. Among these son was William
or " Snorting Bill " as he was more familiarly
known in the early history of the country and
who figured prominently in the pioneer settle-
HISTORY OF CLARK COUXTY.
419
ineiit of Djlson. He was an eccentric char-
acter and spent the greater part of his time
with a tribe of Indians, who had a village a
short distance north of the little settlement.
He seems to have heen a great favorite with
the "redskins " and adopted their style of
dress and conformed to their manners and
customs of living, but for no good purpose, as
he secretlv despised the race and never let an
opportunity of sending one to the " happy
hunting grounds" go iiy unimproved. After
several of their number had unaccountably
disappeared, the Indians began to suspect
foul pla3- on the part of the whites, and made
strenuous efforts to discover their secret ene-
my. Bill was not suspieioned by his savage
companions. He took an active part in the
search, and was instrumental in averting the
indiscriminate vengeance which the Indians
proposed to wreak upon the settlement.
Bill's father, who had long suspected him of
beiiiff the cause of the trouble, at length
charged him with it, which Bill would not
deny, neither would he ])lead guilty. This so
enraged the old gentleman ihat he determined
to o.Ki/rcise his panmtal authority in such,
a manner as to extort a confession. Accord-
ingly he procured a ramrod which he applied
so vigorouslv over the shoulders and back of
his undutiful son that it was soon reduced to
S])linters. Bill bore the cruel punishment
with heroic fortitude until a second rod was
obtained, when be acknowledged that the last
he saw of the missing redskins, " they were
lying on the ground unable to get up." He
afterward became a great athlete and fighter
and was never better satisfied than when en-
gaged in tests of pli3'sical strength, or a rough
and tumble knock-down. Becoming dissatis-
fied with the tame life in this part of the
country, he went further west, and finally
made his way to Texas at about tiie time of
its struggle for independence. He joined the
jiatriot army, participated in many of the hot-
ly contested engagements of that war, and
fell with the noted David Crockett at the tak-
ing of the Alamo.
The next in the catalogue of early settlers
were Isaac and David Murray, two brothers,
who came to the county in the spring of 1830.
They selected sites for their homes in the
northern part of the township, where the first
named entered two hundred and fifty acres of
government land, a portion of which he sold to
his brother a short time afterward. Isaac was
a bachelor, and a man of fine business talents
and considerable wealth. He expended his
means in impr. iving his land, and soon had
a fine farm under successful cultivation. A
few years later he erected a carding machine
on his place, which he operated very success-
fully for a number of years. This mill was
a very primitive affair, operated by h.orse-
power, and, during the time it was run, did a
flourishing business, having been exti^nsively
patronized by the early settlers of Dolson
and surrounding townships. David Mur-
ray, like his brother, was a man of consid-
erable enterprise, and was highly respected in
the township which he was instrumental in
settling. His death occurred in the year
ISSO.
From 1830 until 1834 no other settlements
were made within the present limits of Dol-
son. During the latter year the following
persons made entries in the township: Henry
Doutjhty, in section 35; Henry Harrison,
section 34; and Ralph Haskitt, in section £6;
all of whom were non-residents. Daniel
Elledge, to whom reference has already been
made, was probably the next settler; he im-
migrated to this State from Kentuckj- in the
year 1833, and purchased land of William
Rogers, one year later. He afterward en-
tered fort)' acres of land adjoining his farm,
and in time became the possessor of consid-
erable re;d estate. He was a preacher of the
Christian church, and conducted ll\e first
420
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
religious exercises ever held in the township
at his own residence. He resided in Dolson
until the year 1847, at which time he sold his
property to a man by the name of Sudors,
and moved with his family to Iowa. De-
Liney Kidwell located in the township about
the same time as tiie forej;oing, but made no
entry of land until the vear 1835. He im-
proved a farm in sections 5 and 6, which he
sold to a man by the name of Blackburn, in
the year 1845. Amoi'g the settlers who came
in prior to 1835, were William Sjiencer and
Hiram Taylor. Spencer settled east of
Dolson Prairie, in section 23, but made no
permanent improvement. Taylor improved
forty acres of land lying in sections 21 and
22. He was a man of intelligence, and was
the first justice of the peace elected in the
township after its organization. J. G. L^'can
and Reason "Wilson both settled in the town-
ship about the year 1831, the former in the
northeastern part, on section 1, where he stid
lives, and the latter on section 21, where he
entered an extensive tract of land, on wiiich
he resided for about thirty years, when he
sold to Isaac Claypool and emigrated to
Missouri. During the year 183) the follow-
ing persons selected lands in different places
throughout the township: Alfred McCracken,
Peter Bartmess, James B. Downs, Edwin
Brown, William Brown, Allen Stewart, John
I.earns, Peter Barrick and Reason Richard-
son. James Ennis arrived in the township
in the spring of 1830, and located near the
central part on section 4. He was a native
of Kentucky, a man of sterling integrity,
and gave character to the com]nunity in
v.hich he lived. The farm on which he orirri-
n:dly settled is at present owned and occu-
pied by Elisha Heath. Jacob and Ben-
jamin Bartmess came about the same
time, and soon after were joined by Georo-e
Bartmess. The first named settled east of
the prajrie, and proved a valuable accession
to the little settlement, owing to his skill as
a mechanic. He operated the first black-
smith shop in the township, repaired wagons,
worked at the carpenter's trade, built chim-
neys for the settlers, and was equally profi-
cient in a number of other trades. In later
years he added the medical profession to his
many oth.T accomplishments, and was widely
known throughout the county as a "steam
doctor." B:'njamin located alarm in section
27, while George settled west of the prairie,
where he lived until the year 1857. In this
year came George Lee, who settled near the
northeast corner of the township, in section
30, where he afterward laid out the village of
Clarksville; he sold the land in 1SG7 and
emigrated to a distant State. Others came
from time to time, to gladden tlie hearts and
share the burdens of the little frontier com-
munity.
It is not possible, at this time, to learn all
the particulars of their coming, or even their
names. Among- those who came prior to
1840, were Harrison Husted, Amos Daniel,
George Phelps, Norton Lawrence, John H.
Bean, Elzy Ncal, Alexander Williams, Elias
Llibhard, Ira Harding, Wesley Low, Alfred
McClure, John MeClure, Moses Stark, Will-
iam Fitzgerald, Eli Covington, Enoch Red-
man, J. G. Zimmerman, James Schreech,
William Comstock, Levi Comstoek, William
Morris, George Metcalf, James Cunningham,
Perry Metcalf, George Coons, Eliphaz Gray,
James B. Downs, Philip Boyer, John Covino--
ing, Stanford Nay, John Farrell, Samuel
Keys, John Matthews, William Murray,
Nahum Sargent, James Lowrv, Charles
Welch, Perry Welch. Ryan E. Welch, Sperry
Claypool, Robert Welch, and many others
whose names were not ascertaine J. It may
bo said that the greater numbL^r of these
settlers were from the States of Ohio and
Kentucky. Several came from the older set-
tled portions of the country, and a number
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
421
undoubteiily came in who afterward became
dissatisfied with the country, and removed
fiirtiier west, or went back East. By 1840
the township was quite well settled up and
improvements were pushed rapidly forward,
and industries Kogan to rise as the demand
for various articles nearer home was created.
As early as 1S38, a small horse mill was
erected in the northern part of the township,
but by whom, was not learned. It was a very
rude affair, but did a good business for a mill
of its capacity, and was in operation about
six j-ears.
Christian Clapp built a water mill on Mill
Creek about the year 1840, which proved a
very successful enterprise. It was exten-
sively patronized, and, during the first two
years after its erection, was kept running al-
most constantly, in order to supply the great
demand for flour and meal. An addition was
afterward built to it, and machinery for
manufacturing linseed oil attached. The last
venture, however, did not prove very re-
munerative to the proprietor, and the enter-
prise was soon abandoned. The mill was kept
running for about twelve years.
The first roads through Dolson were mere
trails made by the Indians, and afterward
traveled bj' the settlers until they became
recognized as highways. Several of these
crooked roadwavs were in later vears re^u-
larlj' established, and are still traveled. The
first road legally laid out was the Auburn and
Westfield road which crosses the southern
part of the township in a northwesterly direc-
tion. It was established in the year 1835,
and is still one of the leading highways of
the western part of the county. The Robin-
son or Grandview road was surveyed about
the same time. It passes through the central
j)art of the township from north to south, and
intersects the Westfield road in the western
part of section 21.
Among the early highways is Charleston
road leading from Darwin to Springfiell.
It traverses the northern part of the town-
ship in a northwesterly direction, and was
laid out and established bj' William B. Archer
in the year 1840. Like the other divisions of
the county Dolson is well-supplied with good
roads which intersect each other at various
points throughout the township.
The little hamlet of Clarksville which hard-
ly deserves the dignity of a village, is situated
in the eastern part of the township and dates
its history from the year 1851. It was a
cherished thought of George Lee, to be the
founder of a town, coupled with the desire of
a speculation, which he thought could be
realized out of the venture. The outo-rowth
of these desires was the village, which was
surveyed and platted by James Lawrence,
county surveyor, in January of the year
referred to. The town is situated on the
southwest quarter of the northeast quarter of
section 36, and commands a very beautiful
location. Its close proximity to the city of
Marshall, and absence of facilities, prevented
business men from locating in the village, and
consequently its growth has been very slow.
The first house was a dwelling erected by
John Myers, who ran a shoe shop in the
village for a number of years. Reason Bea-
dle erected a store building shortly after the
town was laid out, which he stocked with a
general assortment of merchandise. He did
a good business lor five years, when he sold
to a man by name of Kline who in turn dis-
posed of the store to Mr. Stevenson, the pres-
ent proprietor, after having run it a short
time.
In the meantime a small grocery store or
"gin mill," rather, was started by Joseph
Cartwright who erected a small building for
the purpose. He continued his business
against a popular pressure for five or six
years, when he closed out his stoi k and
sought other emjjioyment. In the year 1S78
422
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
a drug store was started in the viilapre, by
Ryley Wealan, and is still in operation.
Two stores, one wagon-shop, one harness-
shop and a shoe shop comprise the present
business status of the town. About twenty
families compose its population.
Schools are the offspring of civilization.
They are unknown among barbarous people,
and are found numerous and p(Mfect in the
degree of their removal from the savage state.
Among the pioneers of Dolson were a number
of men who took a lively interest in educa-
tional matters and schools were established in
an earljr daj'.
Opinion is somewhat divided as to when
the first school was taught and where the first
house was built. It is known that Reuben
Warner taught a term as early as the year
1839, in a little log house which stood in the
western p:irt of the township in section 8.
The building was about sixteen feet square,
and like all the early school-houses of pioneer
times was furnished with rough puncheon
benches, a wide board desk for writijig pur-
poses., and the inevitable widu-moutlied fire-
place in one end of the room. The structure
was erected by tlie neighbors who turned out
en masse for the purpose, and there were
probably not five dollars in money expended
on the building. Among the families who
sent to this school were the Kidwclls, Coons,
Ennises and Welches. The building was in
use for school purposes about ten years when
it was torn down and replaced by a more com-
fortable and convenient structure. The sec-
ond sohool-liouso in the township stood about
a half mile north of the one mentioned which
it resembled in both its construction and fur-
niture. Another early school building stood
in the' southwestern part of the township, and
was constructed alter the usual pioneer moJ-
el. As the years went by, these rude log
buildings disappeared, and in their stead neat
frame houses wore erected. There are at
the present time eight good school-houses in
the township, in which schools are taught
from six to eight months of each j'ear.
In the year 1882, there was paid for teachers'
salaries in this township the sum of $1,903.26.
The early religious history of Dolson is in-
volved in some obscurity, and it can not be
determined with exactness who preached the
first sermon in tlie townsliip. Pioneer
missionaries of the Methodist church held serv-
ices at the residence of George Goons at a
very earl\- day. A flourishing society was af-
terward organized, which is stdl in existence
and known as the Dolson Methodist Episco-
pal Church. They have a good building a
shoTt distance southwest of ClarksviUe.
Tlie United Brethren held services at dif-
ferent places in the township in an early day,
but dill not organize any society. Anioi.g
their preachers were John an 1 Ephraim Shu-
ey and a man by the name of Briley. The Bap-
tists have a large congregation near Clarks-
viUe and sustain a good church. They have
a good frame building anil report their socie-
ty in a flourishing condition.
*s^^
^^<^i
-c^
CHAPTER XYII.*
ANDERSON TO-VTNSHTP-THE LAY OF THE LAND-ORIGINAL ENTRTE?-EARLY SETTLE-
MENT—THE BIRCH FAillLY-SCHOOLS AND CHURCHES.
ANDERSON is the name applied to town-
ship 10, range 12 west, which is bounded
on the north by Marshall and Auburn, on the
east bj' Darwin, on the south by Melrose, and
on the west by Martinsville. It is somewhat
irregular in outline, occasioned by the surveys
on either side of the Indian Boundary line,
•which passes diagonally tlirough the central
part of the township, and the loss of one sec-
tion from the northwest corner, taken to fill
out the township of Auburn. The area thus
included was originally covered with a heavy
growth of limber, including all the varieties
common to this vicinity, and pleasantly wa-
tered by Mill Creek and its tributaries. This
stream enters the northern line of the town-
ship near the middle point and passes out al
the southeast corner, thus marking the line
and direction of the natural drainage. There
are several tributaries, all of which reach the
main stream by nearly a due east and west
course. The valleys are well marked and have
some breadth of bottoms, but the surface
of the township elsewhere is quite broken.
There is but very little waste land here,
though much of it is too broken for tillage.
The present resident population is largely
German, a class of people who have more
faith in wheat growing than in stock raising,
and the result is that too much of Anderson
is practically waste land. There is an ob-
servable change going on, however, which
■will eventually correct this error, and stock
» By G. N. Berry.
will form, in the near future, an important
source of income to the farmer.
There is little in the history of this town-
ship to challenge the attention of citizen or
historian. Its settlement was delayed until
about 183G, though for some years before it
was occupied by a remnant of a band of the
Kickapoo Indians and certain squatters and
hunters who found plenty of game and pleas-
ant surroundings here. There was an abun-
dance of game as was found everywhere in the
county. Deer and small game abounded and
contributed to the early settler's comfort and
sport. Wolves infested these wooded slopes
and made havoc with the young stock, but
the bustle and hostility of the new commu-
nity soon drove them out of the country. The
Indians had long before ceded tiiis country
to the whites and were but little seen here.
For only one or two seasons did they return
for the purpose of hunting and sugar making
on their old familiar grounds when they left
for their reservations west of the Mississippi.
The first entry of land was made by J sse K.
Archer on section 12, in 1830. This was fol-
lowed in 1832 by an entry of land on section
4, by John Birch. He was a singular charac-
ter and but little is known of his antecedents.
He probably settled here about this time,
making little or no improvements, living more
like an animal than a human being in a little
log cabin surrounded by underbrush and
timber. He was father of Robert Birch whose
record is so large a part of the ci'iminal his-
tory of the State. The latter made an entry
42fl
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
of land on the same section with his father in
1835, but it is safe to say made no more per-
manent improvement in the material than in
the moral character of the township. In the
meantime Marshall had been founded and
was attracting a good deal of interest to lands
in its vicinity, and in 1830, not only were
land entries more numerous but the actual
settlement bejrun. Among: the entries of this
year are noted, on section 4, Isaac C. Miller
and Christian Jeffers; on section 9, Martin
Shipp; on section 13, William Dixon; on sec-
tion 14, Thomas and John Craig; on section
15, Sam'l and Jacob Tengley; on section 21,
Richard Phillips; on section 35, Thomas Spen-
cer and Robert Craig; on section 35, Abel
Lanham, and others. A number of these
entries were evidently made by residents of
the older communities in the county for spec-
ulative purposes. Thomas Spencer was one
of those who made a land entry in 1836, but
he had come to this section the year before.
He was an old man at the time of his com-
ing, settled on one of the minor tribu-
taries of Mill Creek, and lived here until
1862. Thomas Craig came in 1836. He viras
a native of Tennessee, but moved to Indiana
in early boyhood. From thence he came to
Edgar County, Illinois, and settled near Paris
ill 1814. He subsequently settled on Mill
Creek where at this writing he still resides,
the oldest resident of the township and next
to the oldest man in the county. His nephew
Robert Craig preceded him one year and
settled on section 14, where he died in 1869.
Alexander Craig was another of the family
who came here early but subsequently moved
to Arkansas. Jesse K. Archer was a brother
of Col. Archer, and moved into Darwin with
the family at a very early date, and came to
Anderson in 1836, settling on the land he had
entered near the Grand Turn. lie was a pub-
lic-spirited man and was of that energetic
character which marked the whole family.
He first built an ordinary cabin which he
subsequently replaced by a double-hewed log
house which is still standing in a good state
of preservation, and is occupied by Joseph
Lake. William Dixon, another of the emi-
grants of 183G, was a native of Kentucky.
He came to Illinois with Archer, and settled
finally on section 13, where he afterward
built the first frame house in the township.
The Tengloys were natives of Kentucky also,
and came direct to Anderson. They were
not long residents, however, as they moved
away some ten or twelve j^ears later. Richard
Pliillips came in the same year from Kentucky
and later made extensive improvements, liv-
ing in the township until his death. Samuel
Fleming, a settler of this year was a noted
hunter and never lost his interest in this sport
until the day of his death. William Weldon,
Christian Jeffers, and William Maxwell were
settlers of this v'ear. In 1837, the most noted
accessions were the Chapman brothers, John,
Edward, William, and Jacob, who were
natives of Kentucky, and settled near each
other in this township. In 1838, Edward
Pierce, a native of Pennsylvania, came into
Anderson and settled on section 13.
The community which gathered in Ander-
son was not isolated as many of the earlier
ones. , On the north Marshall was rapidly
growing into importance, developing business
facilities which furnished the settlements in
the surrounding country, many advantages
for getting supplies, mails, etc., for which they
would otherwise have been obliged to go
many miles. Mill Creek was too good a
stream to pass neglected notwithstanding the
presence of mills otherwheres near at hand, and
several were earl3' put upon its banks giving
it the name by which it is known to-day.
The first of those was a combined saw and
grist-mill erected by John Tengley, which
afterward passed into the hands of James
Anderson who gave name to the township
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
427
upon its organization. Another was built
l)v James Craig, which found plenty of work
for some eight years, when it was abanJoned.
Such industries were demanded by the char-
acter of the country and there was little dan-
ger that they would be excessively multiplied.
The variable character of the water power
and the unusual demand for lumber during
the early years of a settlement gave plenty of
work to each one of these mills, which subse-
quently, as conditions changed, were aban-
doned and rotted down. The nearness of the
county seat effectually checked the growth
of other industries called out by the seclusion
of pioneer settlements, and the early history
of Anderson is little more than the prosaic
record of felling trees and planting crops.
And yet, while the record may not show any
thrilling experiences, the task of hewing out
a farm from the wilderness was no holiday
adventure. Economy was the forced practice
of the well-to-do not less than the unfortunate,
and hard work and privation the general lot
of all. Some of its early citizens, however,
achieved a State notoriety that attaches con-
siderable interest to the township.
The early communities in Clark County were
considerably troubled b}' petty thieving and
by an occasional burglarious attack of more
alarming nature. Horses were stolen almost
with impunity and it began to be the general
belief among oflBcials that the county was the
rendezvous of a band of men who made rob-
bery their chief occupation. The whole ifis-
sissippi valley seemed to be afflicted in the
same way. Depredations were committed in
rapid succession at points widely separated,
and yet with such characteristic skill as to
create the beiief that they were done by the
same inspiration if not by the same persons.
Such a conclusion involved a belief in a wide-
spread conspiracy, which so covered the terri-
tory with abettors and sympathizers that the
ordinary officials felt powerless to thwart its
plans or arrest the offenders against law.
The achievements of this confederated band
of thieves culminated July 4, 184:5, in the
murder of Col. Davenport of Rock Island.
The Mormon Community of Nauvoo were be-
lieved to be the resort of this class of despera-
does and their expulsion was involved in the
overthrow of the Prairie Banditti.
Robert Birch had been suspected of being
implicated in these nefarious operations be-
fore this time, and he no longer visited his
home openly. His father was popularly
known as the " Old Coon," and though gener-
ally suspected of complicity in these crimes,
and though all sorts of traps had been set to
catch him with the evidence of his guilt, he
had remained in his isolated cabin secure
from the penalties of outraged justice. He
was a man of undoubted intelligence, with
the reputation of being one of the shrewdest,
most cautious and cunning men i.i the North-
west. He feigned extreme ignorance, how-
ever, and refused to sign his name in any
business transaction. His son, Robert, is de-
scribed as being a man of about twenty-five
or thirty years of age, at this time, and had
been suspected of robbery, and even murder,
ever since the age of fifteen years. " He was
a well made, broad breasted man, of light
complexion, large blue eyes, and light auburn
hair; when fashionably dressed seemed rather
slightly built. He was very loquacious and
could play the bar-room dandy to perfection.
Rock Island had been one of his most fre-
quented haunts, where he was known by the
name of Brown; he had also appeared in
different parts of the country under the names
of Birch, Harris and others. He was un-
doubtedly one of the most adroit villains in the
territorj' of the Northwest." This family was,
of course, a constant object of suspicion, but
no clue could be got of their transactions or
connection with the deeds of crime that were
constantly being perpetrated.
428
HISTORY OF CLARK COUXTY.
The murder of Col. Davenport incited the
leadings men and officials to renewed efforts,
and Edward Bonney was employed to ferret
out the o-ar.or. He initiated himself into their
confi lence and was the means of bringing
the principal ones of these bandits to justice.
In tiie course of his eiforts, he came to
Marshall and visited the "Old Coon," an ac-
count of which is taken from a book written
by the detective, from which the preceding
quotations are made. The visit here was
made in the early part of September, in 1815;
the author says: "I determined to call upon
the ' Old Coon,' in his own house, believing
that I could succeed in passing myself off as one
of the sano- with him, as well as with others.
The road from ilarshall to the habitation
of old Birch, a distance of nine miles, led
through an exceedingly dense forest, and by
a blind path, to follow which was nearly im-
practicable to a stranger. Sheriff Bennett
kindly consented to accompany me a suffi-
cient distance on my way to enable me to
find the house. We traveled on horseback,
and the sheriff left me when we had come
within half a mile of the house, and pro-
ceeded to a dense thicket, in which he prom-
ised me that he would conceal hmiself and
await my return. Following the direction
the sheriff had given me, for a short distance,,
I emero-ed from the thick forest and entered
a large, and partially cultivated enclosure,
near the center of which stood a miserable
log cabin in a very dilapidated condition,
almost crumbling to the ground. Leaving
my horse at the edge of the wood, I ap-
proached the house cautiously on foot. The
door was standing open, and within, near the
foot of the bed, sat a very old man. His ap-
pearance was wretched and poverty-stricken.
An old woman and a young girl of sixteen
were in the act of adjusting some portions of
his dress, as I entered the room. Some bustle
ensued upon my abrupt entrance, They,
however, placed a stool for me to sit upon,
and brought me some water to drink. I
drank from a gourd shell, having a hole cut
in its side; a very common substitute in some
parts of our country for a dipper. After
some incidental conversation, the 'Old Coon,'
for it was Birch himself, upon whom I had in-
truded, inquired: 'Do you live in this part of
the country? '
' No, I do not.'
' Where do you, then?'
'In no particular place. I spend my time
in traveling, speculating, etc'
' Do you want to see me? '
' Why, some of your old acquaintances
wished me to call upon you, if I ever passed
near you, and my business leading me this
way, I have sought you out.'
' Who do you mean?'
'Granville Young and Bundy.'
' How large a man is this Granville Young?'
'A small man with dark hair.'
'Are you acquainted with Owen Long?'
'Only by description,' I replied, 'I never
■ saw him; but I know the boys.'
'Do you? what, Aaron and John?'
'Yes.'
' Aaron and John are Owen Long's sons.
Owen Long and I wore raised together in old
North Carolina. I have known him ever since
he was a boy. He's a right smart old man,
and has got two smart boys.'
' I think so. At least they know enough to
take care of themselves.'
' Well they do.'
'I left my horse at the edge of the wood,
let me step out and look to him.' Saying this,
I winked to the old man who readily followed
me out, and when we were out of hearing he
said: 'Well, stranger, what is it?'
' The boys tell me that you are of the right
stripe, and friendly to us, so 1 suppose I can
safely proceed to disclose my business.'
' I neyer l)urts nobody.'
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
429
'I folt certain tliat vou were one of us. I
have left the main traveled road because I
liad promised the boys I would see you on
my way down, and give you a little accom-
modation in my line. Look at these blank
notes. They are a small sample of my work.
I have a large amount to fill up and sign. I
am now on my way to Cincinnati after it, and
on my return shall wish to dispose of it. I
suppose you can help me some.'
' Yes, I'll take right smart of it myself. A
heap of the boys stop with me, and I know
of 'em what will buy it. If you can sell it
fair, I can get rid of a power of it.'
' Do you think you could get a lot of horses
with such paper as this, and have them de-
livered at Louisville or St. Louis?'
' Yes, and a smart chance of money, too.'
'Have you any confidential friends in this
I'ouiitry who understand this business, and
:iie acquainted with the boys'::"
' Wliy, yes, I reckon so. There is one Mr.
Arbuckle, at Marshall, and the clerk of the
court. They both understand such matters,
and are first rate men. I reckon they would
liki? to trade with you.'
'Are you suspected of being connected
with the boys?'
' Not a bit of it. Anyhow I reckon not.
Tiie clerk is a good friend of mine, and al-
ways tells me what is going on. They can't
hurt the Old Coon, as long as he is clerk of
the court. If the sheriff should get a writ
against me, the clerk would let me know soon
tMiough to let me get out of the way. * * Do
you know a man by the name of Robert
Birch?'
'Robert H. Birch? he is my son; Rob-
ert is a smart fellow; do you know him? '
'I have heard the boys mention his name,
but have never seen him.'
'He is a smart fellow, my son Robert is,
you would like to travel with him.'
'Well 1 would.'
' He has traveled eight years. Has got
heaps of money. He never gets caught. He
has not been home in eight years. He wrote
me from St. Louis a few months ago, that he
would be here before this time, but he has
not come; I reckon he is making money. He
and my son John left our home in Oid Caro-
lina together. John, poor fellow, they hung in
Texas. They just strung him up by the neck
without judge or jury, hung him like a dog;
but they don't catch Robert.'
" By this time we had returned to the house,
where we found the old man's son, Tim Birch,
who had just returned from the forest with
his rifle. He was the youngest son of the Old
Coon, and as his father proudly remarked to
me, looked very much like Robert. Old
Birch described the appearance of his favorite
son at length, dwelling minutely upon his
qualities and peculiarities. He was evidently
very proud of that son of his, Robert. He
very earnestly desired me to seize the first
opportunity I might have to cultivate Robert's
acquaintance, and associate myself with him.
I need not say that I very readily promised
to become as intimate with him as possible.
The old woman and her daughter being in-
formed that I was one of the boys, became
very talkative. They were at least equal in
wickedness, to any member of the gang of the
other sex, and appeared much worse, for as
woman in her purity seems surpassingly
loveh', so in her degradation she seems more
than debased. The old woman indulged in
the most bitter denunciations against a cer-
tain neighbor of the Birch's, by the name of
Miller. She swore some terrible vengeance
against him. She would shoot him, chop him
into mince meat, etc., and all because Miller,
as she said, had tried to have her Tim prose-
cuted just for stealing a miserable little colt,
not worth thirty dollars; and she seemed also
to believe that Miller was in some way in-
strumental in having .John hung in Texas.
430
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
" I was earnestly solicited by the family to
remain a few days to recruit myself and
horse. I was satisfied, however, that Robert
Birch was not concealed in the vicinity of
his father's residence, and that there was no
prospect of niy discovering any track of the
murderers from the Old Coon. Giving my
name to them as Tom Brown, and promising
to call on my return from Cincinnati, and
spend more time with them, I left, having
evidently satisfied the family that I was one
of the boys, and a worthy associate of their
son Robert.
" I searched the thicket for my friend, the
sheriff, but supposing that I would remain
with the Birchs all night, he had returned
home, leaving me to make the best of my way
to Marshall, unassisted and alone. Confiding
in my trusty horse, I was carried safely through
the dense forest and reached Marshall about
midnight. The following morning T disclosed,
as far as prudence dictated, the facts drawn
out in my conversation with old Birch. I
also mentioned the character which the Old
Coon gave of his neighbor Arbuckle, and of
the clerk of the court. Sheriff Bennett re-
marked that several criminal prosecutions
had been brought in the county within the
last three years, but from some cause here-
tofore unknown, the authorities had not been
able to procure a conviction, but had never
suspected anything wrong with the officers of
the court. The sheriff promised to watch
closely the movements of old Birch and
family, and to advise me of any appearance
of the suspected individuals, and also to keep
an eye on Arbuckle and the clerk of the
court. I then left Marshall and returned to
Terre Haute."
As a sequel to this narrative, it may be
added that Robert Birch was arrested and
while awaiting trial in the Knoxvillo, Illinois,
jail, escaped on the 23d of March, 1847.
The clerk of the court mentioned was so well
watched that the conviction that he had inti-
mate relations with this gang became general,
and a mob seized him one Sunday and taking
him outside the village of Marshall, gave
him a cruel whipping. The whole famdy soon
afterward left the county.
This was the outcome of the "Birch War'
in 1852. Before this Tim Birch and a com-
rade had been arrested and through some
falling out ''peached" on each other. This
brought the character of the Birch gang so
clearly before the people that several parties
were severely whipped. One of these persons,
a relation of the Birch family by marriage, to
gain favor with the people came into Mar-
shall one morning and reported Bob Birch
to be in the neighborhood; that he had given
him his breakfast at a certain ])oint to which
he was ready to lead the people. A large
number of armed men gathered at once and
went to the point designated, after hunting
in the woods in vain for a clue to his where-
abouts, a favorite dog of Birch's was got and
by its aid the evident track of the outlaw was
found and followed for some distance. After
a time, the dog showing evident signs of
nearing his master, the leash was loosed.
Unfortunately the dog got so far ahead of the
pursuers that it was lost sight of and no
further trace of Birch obtained. This was
just at night and neither dog nor Birch have
ever been heard of in this vicinity since.
The whole Birch family subsequently moved
to Missouri.
The first school-house erected in Anderson
was a small hewed log structure built in 1838,
about the center of the township. Sebastian
Fox was the first teacher. He was a resident
of the township and settled on section twenty-
one. A few years latter a log school building
was erected in the southern part of the town-
ship, and was known as the Combs school-
house. It still serves a useful purpose as a
stable. The first frame school-bouse was
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
431
built near the residence of William Craicf.
The first relisrious services were conducted
by Sebastian Fox. He was a man of good
education and served with equal ability in
the school room or in the pulpit. He was
universally esteemed, was the first justice of
the peace, and met a cruel death in 1852, by
falling from his horse and being dragged by
the stirrup until horribly mangled. The
Methodist itinerants were early on the field
here and held frequent services, but effected
no organizations. In 1845, Elder Jonathan
Ward of the "Christian" denomination held
services here and in 1847, organized a church
of twelve members, at the residence of Michael
Combs. Services were held for years in the
school-house, the church simply maintaining
itself. In 186G, it was revived under the
preaching of Elder Houston. A year later
a building was erected at a cost of $1,800, on
land donated by William Craig. The edifice
stood near the Marshall road on section thir-
teen. The membership increased ra'pidly to
the number of 125, but the organization is
now disbanded, and the place of worship so
neglected as to be occupied by the animals
that run the streets. This disaster grew out
of the killing of one of the members by a man
in whose behalf the sympathy of a large part
of the church was enlisted. This division of
sentiment led to a disruption that has gone
beyond the hope of healing.
The Grand Turn Evangelical Church was
organized in 1863. A log building was put
up the same year near the Grand Turn as a
place of worship. There are about thirty
members over whom Rev. C. Wessling pre-
sides.
The United Brethren Denomination had an
early church on Mill Creek. It was subse-
quently transferred to the Grand Turn where
a neat little frame building aiTords them a
place of worship.
CHAPTEE XVIII.
ORANGE TOWNSHIP— POSITION— TOPOGRAPHY— SOIL AND PRODUCTIONS— PIONEER SET-
TLEMENT—INCIDENTS—EARLY CONDITION OF COUNTRY— PIONEER DWELL-
INGS—FIRST BIRTH— FIRST MARRIAGE— EARLY SCHOOLS-
CHURCH HISTORY.
These pests together with the miasma that
lurked in the dank decaying vegetation
caused the pioneers to shun this part of the
country and select for their homes more eli-
gible sites, as they supposed, along the water
courses and in the woodlands. Some of the
best farms in the country were improved from
these lands that were once looked upon as com-
paratively valueless. The township rests upon
a clay subsoil which is covered with an alluvial
mold in the prairies, varying in depth from
eighteen inches to two feet, and is well adapt-
ed to almost every variety of grain and fruit
indigenous to Southern Illinois. The soil in
the wooded districts is lighter and more clay
mixed and not so well calculated for eeneral
farming as the prairies. It produces good
wheat, to which it seems peculiarly adapted,
and by proper tillage, good crops of the other
cereals can be raised also. There are some
fine grazing sections in different parts of the
township, and considerable attention is being
given to stock-raising, an industry too lono-
neglected in this part of the State. The prin-
cipal streams by which this region is watered
and drained, are Willow Creek and Little
Willow. The first named enters the town-
ship about one and a half miles west of the
eastern boundary, takes a southerly course and
passes out of section 31. Little Willow rises
in the northeast corner of the township, flows
a southerly direction and unites with Willow
in section 20. A stream of considerable size
and importance traverses the southeast corner
" The ax rang sharply 'mid those forest'shades
Which from creation, toward the sky
Had tower'd in unshorn beauty."
— Mrs Sigourneij.
THE Townsliip of Orange to which the fol-
lowing pages are devoted, comprises
thirty-six sections of land in the southern
part of the county and was known in the
congressional survey as town 9 north, range
13 west.
The surface is composed of prairie and
■woodland in about equal proportion, the lat-
ter being confined principally to the western
and central parts, where in many places
the land is irregular and somewhat broken.
The forest growth of the township comprises
the varieties of timber common to Southern
Illinois, and was at one time the source of
considerable revenue to the lumber merchants,
several of whom operated saw-mills at differ-
ent points along Willow Creek. The walnut
and poplar, once so numerous, have long since
disappeared, and the most valuable timber
now standing is oak, of which several varie-
ties are found growing in abundance. The
prairies, in their natural state, were covered
with a dense growth of grass, so tall that a
person riding through it would be entirely
hidden from view, and so thick that the sun's
rays were entirely excluded from the soil be-
neath. As a consequence the ground was al-
ways damp and slushy, and served as the
breeding place of myriads of green-headed
flies, the common enemy of man and beast.
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
433
of the township and furnishes the principal
means of drainage for that part of the coun-
try.
The settlement of Orange by white men
dates from the year 18'5G, when the first en-
tries of land were made, though it can not
be stated with correctness who was the earli-
est settler.
In the above year Nathan Howerton and
Moses Engle made entries in section 1~, Eli-
jah Peacock in section 25, and John F. Dodd
in section 3, all of whom moved on to their
respective lands the same year and began
improving. Howerton located the farm
where William Hodge now lives, on which
he made a number of extensive improve-
ments, and which continued to be his home
for a period of twenty years. Peacock was a
native of Ohio, and made his way into this
part of the country on a tour of inspection
for the purpose of selecting a home. Being
pleased with the appearance of the country,
he entered eighty acres in the section named,
and moved his family here shortly afterward.
He was a prominent citizen of the township
and during the period of his residence here
was highly respected by the entire commu-
nity. The farm on which he settled is at
present occupied by Mrs. Baker. In the year
1837 a man by name of Stout came to Orange
and entered land in section 27, lot 7, now
owned by the widow Hunter. Stout was born
in North Carolina and passed his youth and
early manhood amid the genial airs of his
mountain home. By a life of constant activ-
ity he early acquired remarkable physical
strength and a vigorous constitution, which
fitted him well for the duties of a pioneer in
later years. He was a Quaker of the ortho-
dox wing, dressed in their peculiar garb and
used the quaint language of the sect in his
conversation. His life was a practical demon-
stration of the pure doctrines of his church,
and his honesty and integrity became pro-
verbial throughout the entire community.
Ijike many of the early settlers, he was a
noted hunter and ranged this county in quest
of his favorite sport. He sold his possessions
here about the year 18i3 and moved to Indi-
ana, where he died a number of years ago.
Other entries were made in the year 18 )7,
by Enoch Thompson, in section 20, C. Hille-
bert in section 1, and Moses Aughin in the
same section. Thompson and Hillebert never
resided in the township, and Aughin lived
here but few years when he sold his place and
moved to a distant State. In the year 1838
the following persons secured lands in Or-
ange: Francis Howerton, (J. Harrison, Hen-
ry Harrison, Herman Canady, William Ma-
pels," Isaac Foster and Ezekiel Rubottom.
Howerton, of whom but little is known,
settled in section 21, where he made a num-
ber of improvements. He sold his land and
moved to Walnut prairie about the year 1847.
U. Harrison entered land in section 2, and
Henry Harrison in section 10, neither of
whom was ever a resident of the township.
Herman Canady came to this State from Ten-
nessee in company with a number of other
families, and improved a farm near the central
part of the township in section 15. He was
a man of considerable education and pure
morals, and bore a commendable part in de-
veloping the resources of the country. His
death occurred in the year 1850.
In striking contrast to Canady was William
Mapels, who came to the township about the
same time and settled in the same localitv.
This man bore a very unenviable reputation in
the community, and was known throughout
the country as a desperate character, whose
greatest delight was a brawl or drunken
knock-down.
He associaled with a set of blacklegs, and
desperadoes as villainous as himself, and
many acts of lawlessness and crime committed
in various parts of the country were traced to
434
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
his door. He became the possessor of eighty
acres of land near the central part of the
township, which he sold to John S. Hix two
years later, ami left the country accompanied
by the wife of another man, since which time
nothing has been heard of him. Israel Fos-
ter settled in the southwestern part of the
township on section 30. He was born in Vir-
ginia, but moved to Ohio when the latter
State was on the remote outskirts of civiliza-
tion. He joined the tide of emigration which
came to Southern Illinois in 1S37, and found
his way into this part of the county one
year later, and being a man of more than
usual energy he soon had a goodly number of
acres under successful cultivation. At the
first election held in the precinct he was cho-
sen justice of the peace, a position he filled
very creditably for a number of years. Among
the early pioneers deserving of special men-
tion were Aaron Mills, Richard Imcs and
John Smith, all of whom came in the year
1839. The first named was a brother-in-law of
Herman Canady, at whose earnest solicitation
he was induced to come West. He came
from Tennessee and entered a tract of land
in section 15, which is at present in posses-
sion of his descendants. Imes located in
section 30, and was for a number of years
prominently identified with tlie early history
of the township. He subsequently moved
to Iowa, where he died a number of years
ago from the effects of poison accidentally
taken. Smith selected his home in the north-
east corner of the township, where he located
for the two-fold purpose of farming and en-
gaging in the tannery business. The tan
vard which he operated was one of the first
in the county, and returned him a handsome
revenue during the time he worked it. He
acquired a considerable amount of real estate
during his life in this county, which is at pres-
ent owned by his descendants, several of whom
reside in the township. His death occurred
thirt\' years ago. About the same time the fore-
going settlers came to the country, Natlianiel
Blakeman made his appearance and improv-
ed a farm in section 29, where he still lives,
the oldest living settler in Orange. He came
here from Ohio, and for forty three years has
been a prominent resident of the township,
whioli he has seen changed from a wilderness
to its present high state of improvement and
civilization. The other settlers who came
prior to 1840 were Mahlon Malone, John
Beauchamp and George Bennett.
Malone was an Ohioan and located in sec-
tion 4, on land now owned by Clark Downey,
where he lived until 1845, at which time he
sold the place and moved to Missouri. Beau-
champ emigrated to Chirk County from Vir-
ginia, and improved a farm in section 4, which
he disposed of in 1852, and went to a distant
State. Bennett settled in section 25, where
he still resides.
Prominent in the list of pioneers who se-
lected homes in Orange, was Andrew Hardway,
father of William Hardway, who moved his
family to the township in the spring of 1840.
He came here from Ohio, but was originally
from Virginia, which State he left in his early
manhood. The farm which he improved and
on which he lived until the time of his death,
twelve years ago, is situated near the northern
boundary in section 4. William Hardway,
son of the preceding, can be called an early
settler, as he was but eighteen years of age
when his father settled in Orange, and has
lived since that time within the township
limits.
The following incident is related, which
shows the high estimation in which he was
held by the neighliors of his community.
Many of the first settlers in this country came
west merely on tours of observation, and after
having selected and entered their lands, would
appoint some one of their number to go back
to their former homes for money. This was
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
435
an uiKlertaking attended with many difficul-
ties and considerable danger, as the journey
had to he made on foot or horseback through
a sparsely settled countr)', which at that time
was known to be infested with thieves and
roi^bcrs. Young Hard way was selected for
this liuty in his father's neighborhood, and at
once started on the triji, wiiich he made on
foot, and was a number of davs in reaching
his destination. He remained in Dayton,
Ohio, about one week, collected three thou-
sand dollars in money and started on liis return.
On his way back he avoided the most fre-
quented roads and passed the nights in the
woods without fire or shelter, not caring to
trust himself to the care of any of the hotels
along the way, as many of them were the re-
sorts of desperadoes who would not hesitate
to commit any species of crime. He arrived
in Marshall late one evening ami was pressed
to remain over night by a friend, but so anx-
ious was he to get home and deliver the nionev
that he determined to complete the journey
that night. He still had about fourteen miles
to make, and after traveling six of the >
number he became lost in the woods. After
rambling about for some time he came to a
small house at which he knocked and was ad-
mitted. This place proved to be the home
of the notorious John Birch, and was the
headquarters of the most daring set of black-
legs and thieves that was ever known in this
country. Hardway remained at this place
until morning, but did not sleep any durino-
the night. He knew well the langer of his
situation, but fortunately w.is not disturbed.
.After getting out of sight of the house the
next morning he started on a run which he
kept up until he arrived at home, where he
found his parents very uneasy on account of
his long absence.
John S. Hix and Alfred Prindle made set-
tlements in the year 1840; also the former
where Mapel had lived, and the latter in the
northern part of the township in section 7.
Prindle was supposed to have been connected
with the notorious Birch gang, as a number
of them had made his house a stopping place
while in the neighborhood. During the ex-
citement which prevailed in the country at
that time, he was visited by a vigilance com-
mittee, and, despite his vigorous denial of any
connection with the gang, was cruelly whipped
and compelled to leave the country. He went
to Missouri where he afterward became very
wealthy.
The other settlors who came in ]S-iO, as far
as known, were Elias Wilson, George Holt,
Peter Shwalter, Jacob Allen, Basil Wells,
John Bostvvick, Elijah King, and John Elliott,
all of whom made entries in different parts of
the township, but the limits of our space for-
bids a more extended notice.
The condition of the country at the time of
its first settlement was wild, in the extreme
sense of that term — game of all kind was
plenty, and furnished the principal means of
subsistence for many families during the first
two or three years of their sojourn in the wil-
derness. Deer was especially abundant, and
formed in that day the staple supply of meat
in every household. They were easily secured
almost in sight of the cabin, though occasion-
ally, when met on equal footing, proved no
mean antagonists.
It is related of Cyrus King that passing
through the woods one day he came upon a
couple of bucks that had engaged in a strug-
gle for the mastery with the usual result of
inextricably locking their horns. The small
buck was found dead but still holding his
victor a close prisoner; with the instinct of a
hunter, though unarmed. King sought, t-o se-
cure the game thus brought within his reach.
Seizing a pole lying at hand he attempted to
break the legs of the victorious buck, but
without effect. He then tried to break its
back, but the powerful animal throwing his
436
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
dead antagonist aljout by the horns proved
no unequal match for his new assailant. In
his desperate struggles the buck became dis-
engaged and once freed, the enraged animal
turned the tables and King was obliged to
make for an adjacent tree. The hunter,
lortunntely, made his retreat in time to escape
the ruthless prongs of his would-be assailant,
■which, circling around the tree cut off the
hunter's further escape. At times the animal
seemed to realize that its efforts would prove
futile and leisurely start off but, attracted by
the stir of the descending hunter, would as
often return to the siege with renewed ardor
to find his victim back again out of his reach.
After several attempts of this kind, King
waited until his enemy had disappeared
when he cautiously descended. He got back
to his cabin late in the evening worn out by
his efforts and with a higher appreciation of
the character of deer in general and this
buck in particular.
The early homes of the settlers were con-
structed on the most primitive plan and con-
sisted of but a single apartment which an-
swered the fourfold purpose of kitchen, bed
room, dining room and parlor. Yet from
these humble abodes no stranger was ever
permitted io go hungry and a lodging was
always assured the benighted traveler if
desired. Hospitality was a prominent vir-
tue which the pioneer cultivated to a high
decree of perfection, and his latch string, to
use his own expression, "always hung out."
Hard as was life in the wilderness it had its
seasons of recreation and enjoyment, log rol-
lings and raisings were occasions always hailed
with deligiit as they served to bring remote
neighborhoods in social contact, and were
generally followed by the dance, the chief
amusement of pioneer times. Hard work,
good digestion, and clear consciences made
the time pass merrily, and many a gray-haired
veteran whose youth was passed amid the
stirring scenes of these times recalls the good
old days and thinks of them as the happiest
period of his existence. The nearest source
of supplies were York and Darwin, though
many of the early settlers went to Terre
Haute and Vmcennes for their groceries and
dry goo Is. The mills on Mill Creek and
North Fork furnished breadstuffs, but a num-
ber of families manufactured their own meal
with a hand mill or mortar when the con-
dition of the ground rendered going about im-
possible, as was frequently the case during
the winter and spring months. Honey was
found in large quantities in the woods, and
furnished a valuable addition to the daily bill
of fare.
Elijah Elliott introduced the cultivation of
flax into the township in an early day, and
hauled his first crop to Chicago and sold it for
fifty cents per bushel. He marketed his first
wheat there also, and says that he could have
purchased a good lot in that city with the
price of one load but considered the sum
too exorbitant.
The first person born within the present
limits of Orange was Francis Hardway, son
of Andrew and Margaret Hardway, whose
birth occurred in the year IS-tO. In the win-
ter of 1842 two brothers, Charles and Max-
well Auld, while crossing Big Prairie one cold
nio-ht got lost and were frozen to death.
These were the first deaths as far as known
that occurred in the township.
The first marriage ceremony was solem-
nized in the year 1840 by Squire Nathan Wells,
the contracting parties being John S. Hix
and Olive Blakeman. The pioneers of
Orange took considerable interest in the
cause of education and schools were estab-
lished as early as the year 1841. The first
school-house stood in the western part of tiie
township near the Mt. Olive Church. It was
a hewed log building, much better than the
majority of early school-houses and was built
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
437
by the neighbors, each one contributing so
mach work or a certain amount of material.
The Krst teacher was iloses Downey who
tauo-ht a three months' term with an attend-
ance of about fifteen pu[)ils. Silas White-
head, present editor of tlie Il/inuisaii, was an
early pedagogue at tiiis jiUice and wieUleil
the iiirch vigorously for several consecutive
terms. The second school-house stood on
the farm of John S. Hi.x and was first used by
Hayden Hix, one of the early teachers of the
county. Another early school-house stood
in section i and was known as the Malone
school-house. The first frame school-house
was erected about the year 18.59 and is still
standing, and known as the American school-
house.
In educational matters at the present day
Orange is not behind her sister townships of
the county. There are a number of substan-
tial frame buildings, well furnished with all
the modern appliances, and schools last from
six to eight months in the year. In tracing
back the religious history of the townships but
limited satisfaction has been derived. It is
known that Elder Joseph Thomas held
services at the Malone school-house at a very
early day and was probably the first minister
in the township. He was a member of the
Christian church, or as they are more famil-
iarly known, New Lights. Elders Bates,
ISIattox and Metheny were early preachers of
that church, and held services in the different
school-houses and private residences through-
out the township, but do not appear to have
organized any society.
Rev. Robert Bailiff of the Cumberland
Presbyterian church jireachcd at various
places in the township, at an early day, and
organized the Willow Creek church some time
prior to 18.58. Among the first members of
this society were Jacob Keller, Elizibeth
Keller, Mrs. Keller. Sariih M. Bennett,
George Bennett, Martha Bennett, Ruth
Spraker, Mrs. Philipy, Mrs. Martz, and
Mrs. Polly Morgan.
The last named was one of the chief movers
in the organization, and to her wise counsels
and untiring zeal in the cause of the Master,
is the church indebted for much of its pros-
perity and success. Immediately after the
organizition a movement was made to build
a house of worship, and in the summer of
1858 a neat substantial edifice was erected at
a cost of about $700. It is a frame building
20x-2G feet, and stands in the southern part
of the township.
Rev. Thomas Bailiff has been the faithful
and efficient pastor ever since the organiza-
tion, and during the period of his labors has
won a warm place in the hearts of the con-
gregation. Under his fostering care the
church has grown constantly, and at the
present time numbers about seventy-five com-
municants, among whom are many of the
best citizens of the surrounding country. A
flourishing Sunday school is kept up during
the year, and is well attended. The present
superintendent is S. S. Morgan. The Wesley
Chapel M. E. Church was organized about the
year 1846, and was known for some time as
the Baker class. The first members, Thomas
L. Baker and wife, William Chapman and
wife, John Elliott and wife, Sobrina Hull,
Johi\ Holt and wife, Mrs. Bostick and Mrs.
HoUowell. Meetings were held at different
places until the year 1853, when a house of
worship was erected. This building was frame,
about 26x36 feet, and cost the sum of $000.
It was used by the church until the year
1879, when, finding it too small for the con-
gregation, steps were taken to erect a more
commodious structure, A fine brick house was
built the next year at an expenditure of about
$3,000. Its dimensions are 32x52 feet, and
the audience room is one of the most commo-
dious to he found in the townshp. The fol-
lowing pastors have ministeitd to the church
438
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
in regular succession since its organization:
Munsell, Young, Anderson, Moore, Blundell,
Shepherd, Kellogg, Groves, Foster, Cowden,
Nelson, Moore, Slater, Harris, McVey, Hun-
gerford, Barthlow, Orr, Mitchell, Gay, Pal-
mer, Corington, Hook, Lacy, Ma}', Gall, Muir-
head, Thornburg, Atkinson, Ellis, Shutnaker,
Wahnsley, Jones, Haincl, Middleton and Mc-
Elfresh, the last named being the pastor in
charge at the present time.
The society is in a very flourishing con-
dition and has a substantial membership.
Their Sunday school was organized in the year
1851, and has been kept up ever since. The
average attendance is about fil'ty scholars.
A Methodist church is sustained in the south-
ern part of the township and numbers among
its members many of the best and most sub-
stantial citizens of the community. Their
house of worship is a neat brick structure,
which does credit to the energy and spirit of
the congregation. The Missionary Baptists
have a church in the northern part of the
township which is largely attended and well
sustained. Nothing concern! g its history
was learned, and we will be compelled to leave
it with the above brief notice.
CHAPTEE XIX.*
MELROSE TOWXSHIP-SUKFACE CHARACTERISTICS— TIMBER, GROWTH. POILS, ETC -FIRST
SETTLEMENT— BACKWOOD EXPERIENCES— PIONEER INDUS-
TRIES-CHURCHES AND SCHOOLS.
TOWNSHIPS, like children, are often found
convenient objects with vvhich to assi ci-
ate the names of cherished friends or the recol-
lections of earlier homes. The early emi-
grant casting off from the scenes that blessed
his childhood and goiiia; into surroundings
that almost blot out the remembrance of
brighter scenes, perpetuates the names of his
early years as an anchor that still holds him
fast to his native land though stress of cir-
cumstances may lengthen the cable indefi-
nitely. So long as the name remains, the ca-
ble is not parted. It is probably on this prin-
ciple that the township, to which 'this chapter
is devoted, bears the euphonious name of the
old English village. Melrose lies in the lower
tier of townships in Clark County and is the
second from the AValiasli River. It was orig-
inally pleasantly diversified by prairie and
woodland and offered a tempting home to the
early settler who not unfrequently prized the
present advantages of a new home not less
than its possibilities for the future. The ear-
ly settler was no more blessed with prophetic
vision than the generation of to-day, and
chiefly sought as a site for a new settlement,
a land that would furnish him the comforts
and pleasures to which his early surroundings
had accustomed him, and it is no uncommon
thing to find those, who, after passing through
the stern vicissitu il<'S of pioneer days, regret
the change and siuh for the jovs that r)nce
they knew. But this township seems to have
"By G. N. Berry.
supplied both demands equally well. Tl.e
surface is somewhat broken in the northern
and eastern jjarts, and along the course of
Raccoon Creek which rising in the northwest
part flows diagonally through the township.
Just north of the center the surface seems to
be marked by an elevation which divides the
natural drainage, sending off a branch due
eastward to Mill Creek, and another branch
near the northern border in the same direction
to the same stream. This part of the town-
ship was originally well covered with a large
growth of the various kinds of oak and hick-
ory, and in the eastern part with maples as
well. The prairie land was chiefly in the
western part where an arm of Dolson prairie
invades the township. A small prairie of a
few hundred acres, known as Crow's Prairie,
is situated in the southeastern part. These
lands were originally low and wet and were
marked by the growth of some walnut timber.
There was but little undergrowth, however, in
any part of the township, and it is said that
an ox-goad could not be procured short of the
Waliash River. The soil varies with the char-
acter of the surface; that of the woodland
being chiefly a light clay, admirable for the
culture of wheat, and that of the prairie be-
ing a black loam with clay subsoil, better
adapted to corn raising. These qualifications
of soil have determined the industry of the
farmers who devote their attention to raising
their specialty in corn or wheat.
The early settlement of this county came
in from the east, and it was not until the more
440
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
attractive lands along the Wabash, in York
township, were occupied that the inflow of
population invaded this section. Reuben
Crow, a resident of York, made an entry on
section 30, as early as 1816, but beyond giv-
ing his name to the prairie here, made no
improvement and never was a resident of the
township. The first actual settler, Joseph
Willard, came here about the samj time and
settled on the same section. He was a native
of North Carolina, and made the journey
from his native State with an ox-cart. In the
following year the township settlement re-
ceived several accessions. Amons: these was
James Bartlett, a native of New York, who
came by raft to Cincinnati and from thence
by wagon. He was an energe.tic man and
soon became a prominent citizen in the new
community which grow up here. He died
in 1872, and was at that time the oldest of the
masonic fraternity in the county. Stephen
Handy, who came into York with his father
in 1814, in this year made a start for himself
and entered land on section 13. He was the
first justice in the township, and subsequently
was elected as county surveyor. William
Martin was another addition to the Melrose
settlement in 1817. He whs a native of New
York, a cabinet maker by trade, and came by
the river forcing his way on a keel boat. In
18"23 John ^loorcraft came and settled on
section 11. He was a native ol New York;
a man of some wealth who had met financial
embarrassment and came to this new country
with the hope of retrieving his fortune. He
was a man of good parts, gained prominence
in the community, and was influential in form-
ing its character. In this year also came
Benjamin Dolson, from whom the prairie and
one of the northern townships of the county
■was named. Mr. Dolson was a marked charac-
terinthe early community, and won a regard
that will perpetuate his memory. He was
b ).n in St. Lawrence County, New York, and
spent his childhood and youth under the rug-
ged influences of a pioneer community. At
eighteen years of age, in company with a
single comrade, he took a raft of lumber to
Quebec during the British embargo. He and
his companion were seized and impressed into
the naval service. On the following night he
planned to escape, and seizing the long boat
the two got clear of the ship. This was not
effected without alarming the watch, however,
and they were saluted by a broadside from
the ship's guns. Though near enough to hear
the captain e-xclaim, " This will send them to
hell," they were so fortunate as to receive
no injury from the shot. The darkness of the
night and the rough state of the river gave
them more anxiety, but they were finally suc-
cessful in reaching the American side in
safety. But once on land their troubles had
only just begun. Here they found an un-
tracked wilderness with which they were
entirely unacquainted. They launched into
these interminable woods, and for weeks
waii'lered without getting any trace of a
human being, and subsisting in the meantime
on buds, roots, a porcupine and a ground
squirrel which they secured. They finally
reached the settlements in New Hampshire,
famished and worn out with their experience,
and for two weeks were unable to proceed to
their homes. Mr. Dolson was subsequently a
scout attached to (jen. Brown's army and
became noted for his woodcraft and manv
thrilling adventures. At the close of the war
he engaged with the Onondaga salt company
and here received injuries which caused him
to limp the rest of his life. It is said that he
and his father, who was a widower at this
time, were both suitors for the hand of the
same lady, who favored the older man. This
mav or may not have been the cause of his
coming to the west, but he, at all events, came
to Ohio in 1818 and married in thi^ following
year. On coming to Clark Couiu\, he settled
■•*■;
%
•U"
^^%^^^^^-^-^^ J) ^^^^ -L^M.
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
413
his farailj' in York until he had built him a
cabin on the prairie. The land was at that
time wet and unprepossessing, and his choice
■was considered by the rest of the settlement
as the height of folly. His cabin stood near
an old Indian trail which was subsequently
used by the Kentucky immigration. The de-
mands of the situation induced the opening
of his cabin for public entertainment, which
■was the first hotel in the township. Mr. Dol-
son sold out in 1832, and removed to Martins-
ville, where he opened a hotel on a larger
scale on the National Road. He is remem-
bered as one of the most athletic and powerful
men of his time; a good hunter, a man of
quiet demeanor, of few words, and singularly
■well preserved. He died in 1842.
The community seemed to have received
no further accessions of importance until
1828, when a number of families came into
the township. Of these were Jonathan ilet-
sker, a native of Kentucky, came from Indi-
ana and settled on section seven; Benjamin
Odgen settled on the same section; Benja-
min Long, a native of Virginia, Joseph
Evans and James Hayes on section eighteen.
Others came in from time to time, but of
■whom it is impossible to learn anything defi-
nite. Among these may be noted the names
of Joseph Edwards, a native of Virginia, who
settled on section 19, in 18.31; Cooper in
southern part of township in same year;
Xatham Wells, from North Carolina, in 1832;
Peter Dosher, from Tennessee, and settled on
section 18, in 1832; Levi Sharp, from Ken-
tucky, in 1836; Isaac Welden, in same year,
and others.
Among the various belongings brought in
by the settlers none proved more useful than
the gun with which each man was provided.
Next to his ax and plow, he depended upon
it for support in subduing the wild land in
which he reared his cabin home. The wood-
land abounded with game, which at first was
his principal dependence for sustenance, and
later his greatest annoyance and chief cause
of damage. Deer and wolves were found in
large numbers, with occasionally a wild cat
and bear to vary the sport. The wolves were
of the large timber variety which attacked
young pigs, calves and sheep almost with im-
punity. A story is told of a settler v;ho was
aroused in the night by a disturbance among
his stock near his cabin and suspecting the
cause, rushed out of doors with but very lit-
tle clothing. A large wolf broke for the
woods at his approach, and determined that
he should not escape, the settler hallooed his
dog to the pursuit and followed on forgetting
his gun and outer clothing in the excitement
of the chase. It was early spring and not
warm enough to warrant so light clothing but
cheered by the baying of his dog and that of
a neighbor's dog which had joined the chase,
he pressed on and found the wolf sitting on
the ice of the creek keeping the untrained
dogs at a safe distance by snapping at them
vigorously. Not a stick or weapon of any
sort was at hand, and it occurred to the set-
tler that if he could seize the wolf by the
tail and swinging him over his head he could
bring him down on the ice with fatal force.
He made the attempt and succeeded in
seizing the animal, but the rest of the pro-
gramme was seriously interfered with. The
wolf turning, cat-like, upon its new enemy
closed its teeth upon the hunter wherever op-
portunity offered. To add to the predica-
ment the dogs ceased their attack and began
fighting each other, leaving the man and
wolf to settle it for themselves. In the midst
of the short and sharp struggle that ensued,
the ice broke and precipitated both combat-
ants in three or four feet of cold water. This
accident suggested the idea of drowning the
wolf, but at this juncture the dogs tired of
their own diversion, renewed their attack
on the wolf, and no sooner would the mati
444
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
get the wolf, as he hoped, iicaily drowned
than the dogs would fasten on it and in the
struggle bring its head to the surface. The
struggle went on in this way for a half hour
■when the noise of the dogs and shouting of
the man brought a near neighbor, and the
two dispatched the animal.
Wolves were hunted on horseback when
the ground was frozen and was counted rare
sport. Organized hunts were frequent, when
relative values were put upon the different
kinds of game and the defeated party paid
for the whisky. A keg of the liquor would
be provided, and a day or two after the hunt
both parties would gather at some point and
if the liquor lasted a day or two would be
spent in shooting at a mark, athletic sports,
etc., which not unfrequeiitly included two
or three serious bout of fisticuffs. In such a
country, and in a community very largely
from the south, there would bo a good many
who were more or less noted as hunters.
Melrose had its full share of these characters,
and their adventures formed the chief topic
of the early fireside talk. Among this class
is remembered Levi Wells, a native of North
Carolina, who settled on section 30, in 1833;
and William Maxwell, a New Yorker, who
settled here in 1S3G. Another man who
gained some celebrity as a hunter was Wil-
liam Maple. He was an old man upward of
seventy years of age when he left the town-
ship in 1817. He was a gunsmith, and lived
in a retired cabin by himself, and gained his
livelihood principally by hunting. He re-
newed his youth and startled the community
somewhat by eventuallj' eloping with a young
woman of the settlement.
The early settlement was scarcely younger
than that of York, and the only outlet was by
the ferry across the Wabash and thence to
Vincennes. After the first crop of corn was
secured they were pretty independent of out-
side resources. The woods furnished meat
and sugar, and with the various wild fruits,
and the different forms in which the corn
product was made up, the pioneer's fare was
not such as to invite starvation ai least. It was
not very long before the growth of York sup-
plied such groceries as the pioneer could afford
to buy and mills on the adjacent streams
afforded facilities for turning their own crops
to available use without the inconvenience of
going long journeys over almost impassable
roadways. An early mill was erected in the
west part of town by Lewis Huckabee. This
was a horse mill with "nigger-head buhrs,"
and did good service for some fifteen years.
The patrons were obliged to bring their teams
and run the mill, paying toll for the use of
the machinery. Jacob Shelter who settled on
section 20, built an early saw-mill on Raccoon
Creek, and when water was plenty did a good
business. In the low stages of the water he
turned his attention to making brick, which
found a sale quite early. The numljer of
mechanics who gathered here in the early
years was quite remarkable, and solved many
a problem that often prove vexatious to the
first comers to a new country. As early as
18-8 Benjamin Odgen settled on section 7,
and set up a blacksmith shop. He was quite
as well skilled in shoeing men as horses, and
in the winter turned his attention to shoemak-
ing. Metsker was quite a mechanical genius
and did a general wagon making business,
making plows, etc., as well. Armitage Kin-
derdine who settled early on section 35, com-
bined the qualities of a carpenter and mill-
wright. None of these men devoted them-
selves exclusively to their trades, but added
the cares of a backwoods farm.
But with these advantages there was plenty
for each household to do in preparing the
clothing for the family. The lack of facili-
ties to prepare wool and flax and the distance
of any place of supply obliged the early set-
tlers to resort to such mateiial as could be
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
445
preijared without machinery. The men gen-
eral.y wore buckskin pants and shirts. Flux
was early raised and as this could be prepared
entirely at home came into general use for
clothes of both sexes. Sheep were early
brouirht in, and though they were protected
from the ravages of the wolves only by con-
stant and laborious care, the wool product
amply repaid their toil. The yield was not
large but such an absolute necessity that one
can hardly imagine the community getting
along without it. For years this wool had to
be taken long distances to be carded. Then
the work of the housewife began. From this
and flax were made the serviceable jean and
linsey-woolsey with which young and old were
clad. Boots were unknown, and both sexes
wore moccasins at first and a little later coarse
shoes made by traveling workmen.
Their amusements grew out of their work.
'Loggings, raisings, and hunting were the oc-
casions when men got together for a frolic as
well as work. Quilting and spinning bees
gave the women an opportunitj' for social in-
tercourse, the occasion generally closing with
a generous supper and a dance at night, when
the gentlemen came in. Dancing was the
favorite amusement of the time. Notwith-
standing the dancers had only rough puncheon
floors, and no better refreshments than whis-
ky sweetened with maple sugar, there is
probably to-day no more happy company
than those who danced the "scamper-down,
double-shufl[le, western-swing and half-moon,"
a half century ago.*
The growth of the school idea in this town-
ship was slow. There were the usual d.ffi-
cullies in the way. The scholars were few
and the population so scattered that there was
* The first weddingr in this ( ommunity was that of
Nathan Wells and Susan VVillard, and the second
that of Samuel Og:den and Martha Morgan. The
first birth was a dauprhter of Daniel Wolls. now Mrs.
Mai7 Dodds. The death of .John Beauchamp, in
1828, is the firet noted m M Irose.
some difficulty in fixing upon a satisfactory
location for a house, and a more effectual
hindrance than either was the idea that chil-
dren should early learn to be useful. It was
not until about 18 34 that the first school-house
was put up. This stood near Melrose village,
on section seventeen. This structure was a
split-log cabin, covered with shakes, and one
end entirely occupied by a mammoth fire-
place. Tiie floor was of puncheons, the desk
was a puncheon supported by pegs driven
into the wall, and before this was placed the
rude puncheon bench on which the scholars
sat. Joseph Claypool, a native of Virginia,
who settled on section seven, was the first
teacher. He was hardly fitted to suit modern
demands, but in that day was about the only
one to be got for the position, and doubtless
filled the place acceptably. He was rather pro-
fane and did not hesitate to use such language
in the school room. School government in
those days was a "rough-and-tumble"' affair
in which the scholar frequently got the better
of the set-to. In one of these encounters
Claypool was put out of the house, but he
subsequently paid tribute in whisky and ma-
ple sugar, on which the whole school got
drunk. Clavpool afterward joined the church
through the influence of a Methodist revival,
but even then his habit of swearing got the
better of him, and would occasional!}' break
out and command the "d — d lazy little cusses
to get still and go to work." The house
burned down the next year, but was replaced
in ten days by the neighbors. A second
school-house stood in the northwest corner
of the township. S. C. Fox was the first
teacher here, and an exceptionally good one.
He was a minister and held services here on
Sunday. Liberty school-house, in the north-
east part of the township, was built in 1840,
and was first used by John Page as teacher.
These old log structures have final y all passed
away, the last one dii-apjiearing in 18S1. The
446
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
first frame school-house was built in Melrose
village in 1850, and in it was taught the first
public school. Hitherto schools were sup-
ported by subscription or pro rata payment
according to the number of scholars sent, and
these payments made in such property as the
patron had to spare. There are now seven
districts all well supplied with frame buildings.
Among the early settlers were several
preacliers who early introduced public relig-
ious worship. Among these was John Salmon,
a native of New York, who settled in \'6\Vl
on section 25. He was a Methodist minis-
ter, and early held services in his own and
others' cabins. He was a man of some ability
and made a valuable impression on the com-
munity. Robert Bailiff was another early
minister, who came from Tennessee to Craw-
ford County in 18.30, and a year later came to
Melrose. He was a man of fine character and
great energy. He made the journey to this
State in an ox cart, and started his new home
here with §10, as the sum of his earthly capi-
tal. He was a Cumberland Presbyterian, and
notwithstanding the pressing need of his
family, added to his cares of a frontier farm
by preaching in various parts of the county.
He was pastor of a single churcli for forty
years, and died, universally beloved, in 1879.
His son and grandson both followed in his
steps and are in the ministry now. James
McCord was an early Methodist circuit rider,
and preached the first sermon heard in the
log school-house near Melrose Village. Revs.
Chrissey, Chamberlain, Massey, McGinnis and
ISIcMurtry wore early and devout Method-
ist missionaries of the Baptist church. Revs.
Thomas Young and Richard Newport were
early preachers.
The first church organization was the
" New Providence Cumberland Presbyterian
Churcli." Services were held at the cabin of
Robert Bailiff in 1833, by Rev. Silas Osborne.
In the following year a church was organized by
Rev. Henry Groves at Mr. Bailiff's residence,
with Mr. Bailiff and wife, Joseph Green and
wife, Sarah Buekner and Thomas Hanily as
members. For ten years meetings were held
at Mr. Bailiff's residence; a log house 20x26
feet was erected on section 36, the
land being donated for the purpose by Mr.
Bailiff. This building served for a place of
worship until 1867, when it was torn dovyn
and the material used to erect a dwelling
where it is still doing service. In 1867 a
frame building, 26x36 feet, was erected on
the site of the old log structure at a cost of
$1,100, and is still doing service. It was ded-
icated in the same year by Rev. Jesse Bcals.
Rev. I. C. Hill was pastor of this church until
1838, when Rev. Robert Bailiff was called as
pastor, and continued in the service of the
church until his death, in 1879. His son,
Thomas succeeded him, and is now the pas-
tor. The membership numbers fifty-eight
persons.
Plymouth Methodist Ejiiscopal Church was
organized in 1838 at the old school-house near
Melrose Village, by Rev. William Blundell.
The original members were Nixon Evans and
wife, T. Handy and wife, R. Handy and wife
and Hannah Willard. The first meetinars
were held at the residence of Mr. Evans and
at the school-house until 1859, when a frame
building, 37x30 feet, was erected at a cost of
$1,000. This is an appointment on the Liv-
ingston circuit. The church has at present
fifty -seven members.
Potter Hall United Brethren Church was
organized in 1863, and a frame building- put
up for its use at a cost of $1,000 in the same
year. The church is located in the northern
part of the township, and was organized by
Rev. Helton, with a fair membership. The
numljer has somewhat diuiinislied since then,
tho\igh regular services are still maintained.
Rev. Hartwell is the present pastor.
The growth of the early settlement in Mei-
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
447
rose Township was not such as to warrant
the laying of any village. The two thorough-
fares that cross the county from east to
■west and from north to south, do not touch
this township. The York and Charleston
road, a route which was originally blazed out
by Nathan Wells when he came to his place
in the west part of town, was located in 1838.
It was extensively traveled, and through the
exertion of Colonel W. B. Archer, the Legisla-
ture made an appropriation for improving it.
In later years it lost very much of its earh' im-
portance. The York and Martinsville road
was established about the same time, but
neither of these roads brought with it such
influences as to develop village growth. In
May, 1847, however, the village of Melrose
was platted on the corner of sections 17, 18,
I'J and /i^), the land belonging to Nathan
Wells, Joseph Edwards and Samuel Keline.
This was simply a business venture which has
resulted in a village of some eighty inhabit-
ants, two stores, a blacksmith shop and a
combined saw and grist mill.
The first store was put up soon after the laying
out of the village bj' John Gwin, but two years
later it was destroyed by fire, the stock and
building proving a total loss. Nathan Wells
succeeded him, erecting a building and
putting in it a general stock, but it was closed
out a year later at his death. The Melrose
mill was erected in 1868 by Sibley at a cost
of $4,000.
CHAPTEE XX.
JOHNSON TOWNSHIP— LOCATION AND BOU^td^rjes—topOGRAPHY— PIONEER SETTLE-
MENT—EARLY MILLS— FIRST BIRTH, MARRIAGE, DEATH—
SCHOOLS— CHURCH HISTORY.
JOHNSON Township lies in the extreme
southwestern part of Chirk County, em-
bracing an area of 23.0iO acres, or thirty-six
square miles of territory, and in the conn-res-
sioual survey was designated as town 9 north,
range 14 west. It is bounded on the north by
Casey township, on the east by Orange, on
the south by the counties of Crawford and
Jasper, on the west by Cumberland County,
and received its name in compliment to Thom-
as Johnson, a man prominently identified
with its early growth and development. The
surface in the northern and central portions is
pleasantly situated, being principally a fin«
rolling prairie, in some places almost level, but
nowhere without sufficient slope to drain the
surface water. Elsewhere throughout the
township the land is more undulating, the
principal irregularities being in the eastern
part along the North Fork of the Embarras
River, where for several miles on both sides of
the stream the country is considerably broken
and in some places precipitous bluffs are to be
seen. This creek which affords the principal
drainage of this region is the onlv stream of
note in the western part of the county. It en-
ters the northern boundary of the township in
section 1, flowing a southwesterly direction,
passes out of section 34, and receives in its
course a number of small tributaries, which
are not designated by any particular names.
The current is very sluggish, having a fall of
but three and a half feet per mile, and during
the spring freshets and rainy seasons is not
sufficient to carry off tjie water which flows
into it.
Asa consequence the bottom through which
the creek runs is frequently overflowed, and
entire crops sometimes completely destroyed.
Many pe sons have abandoned farming on
these lowlands altogether, and use them for
grazing purposes only.
This township is very well timbered, fully
two-thirds of its area being woodland. The
best timber is found in the eastern and west-
ern parts and along the various water-courses,
and consists principally of the following vari-
eties: walnut, hickory, poplar, maple, asli,
linn, some beech, and several different kinds
of oak, elm and sj'camore grow along the
streams, and sometimes attain gigantic size.
Much valuable timber was ruthlessly de-
stroyed by the first settlers in clearing up
their farms, which, if standing to-day would
h ' worth more than double what the lands
would bring at the highest market price. A
number of saw-mills were erected on the
North Fork in an early day, and for years
the lumber business was an important indus-
try in this part of the country, consequently
but little walnut and poplar are left standing.
Tiie woods skirting the North Fork were at
one time the rendezvous of and hiding place
for all kinds of wild animals, and early at-
tracted the attention of the hunter and trap-
per, several of whom made temporary settle-
ments along the banks of the stream for the
purpose of hunting their favorite game. A
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
440
diminutive cabin with a small patch of cleared
ground surrounding it was the extent of this
transient settler's improvement, the greater
part of his time being spent in the woods,
■where he led a wild free life in his favorite
pursuit.
As game became scarce, and as population
increased these hunters lelt their rude homes
and moved further west, all the time keeping
in the van of civilization. The first actual
settler in Johnson was one John Burris who
came to the township in the year 1833, ai d
entered land in section 32, which he improved,
and on which he lived until the year 1848.
He appears to have been an intelligent and
public spirited man, and accumulated during
the period'of his residence here, a handsome
property which is at present owned and oc-
cupied by John D. Bennett. In the fall of
1833 a man by name of Ingraham settled in
the northeastern part of the township near
where M^'illiam How now lives, but made no
entry of land. He was a noted character in
the little community, a great hunter, and was
■widely known throughout the county for his
many eccentricities. In one of his hunting
tours, he discovered a salt spring near the
North Fork from which he afterward manu-
factured salt, not only for his own use, but in
quantities sufficient for the entire neighbor-
hood, trading it to the settlers for meal, gro-
ceries, articles of clothing, etc. He sawed the
first lumber ever made in the township with
a small whip saw and furnished the material
out of which much of the furniture used by
the early settlers was manufactured. One
clay while sawing lumber with Burris, the
platform on which the log rested, and under
which he was standing, gave way, and fell, and
crushed him beneath its weight; from injuries
thus received he died a< short time afterward.
Conspicuous among tiic pioneers of Johnson
was Daniel Doughty, a Baptist preagher, who
came to Illiiiois from Indiana in the year 1836.
His native State was Kentuckj-, which he left
in early boyhood and had rambled over much
of the western country before settling in
Clark County. He conducted the first relig-
ious services ever held in the township, at
his own residence and assisted in the organ-
ization of many of the early churches of his
denomination throughout the county. He
was a noble type of the pioneer, tall, vigorous,
endowed with vmusual physical powers, and
fotid of all athletic and out-door sjjorts, partic-
ularly hunting, in -which he was a great
adept. He subsequently moved to Jasper
County, where, after a long and useful life, he
died about four years ago.
Jacob Janney made the second entrj' of land
in the township in the spring of 1834, and
selected for his home eighty acres of land, ly-
ing on the east side of North Fork in section 7,
where the remains of his old log cabin can still
be seen. He did not move onto this land,
however, until about the year 1837, though
a number of acres had been cleared and put
in cultivation before that time. Janney was
a man of more than ordinary intellectual
ability, a shrewd trader and prominent stock
dealer, in which business he amassed consid-
erable wealth while a resident of this town-
ship. He met with a violent death in the year
1843 by being thrown from a horse.
No other settlements appear to have been
made within the present limits of Johnson
until the year 183G, when the following en-
tries of land were recorded: James Alex-
ander in section 3, John L. Mount, James C.
Mount and James Megeath in section 4. The
first named was never a resident of the town-
ship but lived near Darwin. The Mounts
were a prominent family in this part of the
country, and figure rather conspicuously in
the early history of the township. Thi>y en me
to this State from Kentucky, and unlike
many of the first settlers in a new country,
were men of means and made extensive im-
450
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
provements on their respective farms. John
resided here but one year, when he sold iiis
place to his brother and moved to Indiana.
James Mount was the first justice of the peace,
in the precinct of which Johnson Township at
that time formed a part, havinsr been elected
in the year 1838, and served in that capacity
until his death, which occurred in 1841. Sev-
eral descendants of this family are living',in the
county. The place where James C. Mount
lived is now owned by his grandchildren, Ed.
Stevens and sister. James R. Geddes, was
among the early settlers of Johnson, having
come here in the spring of 1837. He entered
land in section 3, and afterward was joined
by David How and John Cole, both of whom
made entries in the same section. Geddes
came from Indiana and lived here until the
year 1855, at which time his death occurred.
How came from Indiana also and was one ot
the prominent citizens of Johnson. His son,
Joseph How, who now owns the old place,
is the oldest living settler of the township.
He came here in company with his father
when eighteen years of age, and has resided
on the same place ever since. Cole moved to
Illinois from Ohio, but originally came from
Maryland. He earned the reputation of being
an energetic, intelligent, and wide awake busi-
ness man, and was well respected by all who
knew him. He died about twenty-two years
ago. One daughter, Mrs. Kline, is now living
in Casey Township. The year 1838 was signal-
ized by the arrival in Johnson of William D.
Crouch, Zachariah Davee, William Hilburn,
and Henry W. Owings. Crouch settled in
section 11, where Mrs. Williams now lives.
He was a native of Ohio and for a number of
years after coming to this State was exten-
sively engaged in farming and stock raising.
He died in the year 1866 leaving a widow and
one son, both of whom are still living in the
township. Davee settled in section 13, where
he entered land on which he afterward built
a mill. This mill stood on North Fork, from
which it received the power thiit operated it,
and was run by Davee aliout fifteen years and
afterward sold to F. Johnson. Tiie latter
added several improvements and operated it
about five years longer, when the building
was ruined by an overflow of the creek. Da-
vee moved to Missouri in the year 1S53, and
afterward to California where he died a few
years ago. The place where he settled is now
owned by a Mr. Adkins. Hilburn came to this
county from Indiana and entered land in
section 17, which he sold about seven years
later to D. Albright, the present owner.
Owings came from Ohio in company with
John Cole and entered land in section 30,
which he sold ten years later and moved back
to his native State. Entries were made in the
same year by Andrew Hardway, section 12;
James Brooks, section 18; Ira Prevo, in 18;
and Lewis Huckabee in section 23; none of
whom were ever residents of the township.
Prominent among those who came to John-
son in an early day was Henry King, after-
ward a noted physician both in this State
and Oregon. His youth was spent chiefly in
the employ of William How, with whom he
lived a number of years, working on the farm,
driving oxen, etc., and utilizing his intervals •
of rest in the study of his favorite profession.
In this he was encouraged by his employer
who advised him to quit the farm and devote
his attention to study, which King did,
although he was not what would now be
termed an educated physician.
For a number of years he had an extensive
practice in Johnson and adjoining townships,
but thinking there was a more remunerative
field for his talents elsewhere, he left this part
of the country and located in a thriving town
near St. Louis, where for some years he
carried on an extensive mercantile business
in connection with his profession and became
quite wealthy. He subsequently moved to
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
451
Oregon and died in that State about the year
1850. The ibllowing incident, which he said
was not to be told until he had been out of
the country twenty-five years, is related by
Mr. How. At one time he was called to a
neighboring: community to see a colored lady
who was taken very ill, and twenty minutes
after his arrival the woman was a. corpse.
That evening he met How, who inquired
after his patient. " Oh," says the doctor, " I
tried an ex]M:riment on the old lady by giving
her an entirely new medicine." " With what
effect? " said How. " ^Yhy, by G— d, it killed
hor in less th:ui five minutes, but remember my
reputation is at stake and this must be kept
mum for twenty-five years at least."
Another character deserving of particular
mention was James Henderson, an Irishman,
who entered forty acres of land in section 2
in the year 1839. He was a man of brilliant
attainments and had been educated for the
priesthood in his native country, but for some
reason never took iioly orders. He was one
of the first school teachers in .Tohnson, and
was considered the ablest instructor in the
county, at that time. During the later years
of his life he became very dissipated and died
a mere wreck, about the year 1858.
Hawley Childs was a character in the early
history of Johnson also, though the exact date
of his arrival was not learned. He was the
possessor of fifteen large hounds, and did
valuable service to tiie country in ridding it
of the wolves, which at that time were very
numerous and troublesome.
Childs moved to Iowa a number of years
ago where he is still living. The entry book
shows that the following persons selected
lands in this township in 1839: Robert
Mount, section 5; Priscilla Jennings, section
10; Jeremiah Dunham, section 18; James
Thomas, in the same section; Barnett
Thomas and William Wilson in section 21;
Noah Peters. William James and Jessie Bur-
ris in section 23. Robt. Jlount was a brother
of John and James C. Mount, already alluded
to, and resided in this township until 1853,
when he moved to Terre Haute, his present
place of residence.
Dunham settled where a man by name of
Weaver now lives, and died in this township
in the year 181'3. James Thomas came to this
State from Indiana and died ten years after
his arrival. His son Barnett Thouias, now
living in Edgar County, was second justice of
the peace in Johnson. Wilson was an Indi-
anian also and lived on the place he settled
about six years, when he sold the farm and
moved to Iowa.
Noah Peters improved the farm where
James Fessler lives, and erected a saw and
grist-mill on the North Fork, about the year
1811. He operated this mill a numl)er of
years and did a very remunerative business as
it was patronized by the country for many
miles around. It disappeared long since and
no vestige remains to show where the build-
ing stood. William Jannes entered the land
now occupied by Robert Johnson and lived
tnere ten years when, he disposed of the place
and went back to Indiana, his former home.
Jesse Burris was the father of John Burris,
the first settler, of whom mention has al-
ready been made, and was induced to immi-
grate here by reason of the glowing descrip-
tion of the country given by his son. He was
a good man and did much in a quiet way to
advance the interests of the country. For
twenty-three years he lived here an honored
and respected citizen, and died in the year
1802. The foregoing list comprises the most
prominent settlers in Johnson down to the
year 1810, though there were a number of
transient residents whose names were not
learned. Since 1810, the population has
steadily increased; all the available lands have
been put in cultivation by a thrifty class of
farmers; schools and churches established and
452
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
various industries inaugurated, and at the
present time Joiinson occupies a prominent
place in the galaxy of townships I'oniiing
Clark County.
The first death in the township was that of
David Ii'igraham, who was killed as already
stated, about the year 1837. The second
death occurred one year later, when the wife
of James R. Gcddes departed this life.
John Burris, son of John and Elizabeth
Burris, was the first white person born within
the present limits of Johnson. This gentle-
man is now forty-si.x years old, which would
carry the date of his introduction into the
v?orld back to the year 1836.
Cupid's first victims in this township, were
Amos Carian and Amanda Brewster, whose
marriage occurred in the j-ear 1838, and in the
latter part of the same year, their laudable
example was imitated by Noah Peters and
Mary Ann Peters, who were joined in holy
wedlock by Squire Jacob Janney. Among
other earl\' marriages were those of George
Janney and Eliza Williamson, Joseph How
and Letty Foster. In the year 1838, a small
losr school-house was built near the northern
boundary of the township and occupied the
winter of the same year by Isaac Schaffstall,
who taught a three months term with an at-
tendance of about fifteen pupils. The follow-
ing year a second building for school purposes
was erected near the southwestern part. This
was a rude log structure also, about twelve by
sixteen feet and was first used by Isaac
Hughes, who taught in it for several consec-
utive years. The first frame school-house in
the township was erected in the year 1850,
and stood near the western boundary in the
neighborhood of the Union Mount church.
Here the first public school was taught the
same year by Isaac ShaiFstall. There are at
present a number of good school-houses in the
township, the majority of which are substan-
tial frame buildings, well finished and furn-
ished.
The Old School Baptists and Methodists
were the pioneer religious denominations of
Johnson. The first meetings were held at
private residences and in groves, and were
attended by the neighbors for many miles
around. At these early meetings all met on
a common level, worshiped the same God,
irrespective of dogma or creed, and the ques-
tion, "What church do you belong to?" was
never asked. Am ng the pioiu er preachers
were Daniel Doughty, Richard Newport, John
Shields and William Wilson, of the Baptists,
and William Blundell of the Methodists. The
first church was organized by Richard New-
port in the eastern part of the township with
a small membership, and continued with va-
ried success for a number of years, but was
finally disbanded.
William Blundell was a circuit rider and
conducted services at the residence of James
C. Mount as early as 1838. He preached reg-
ularly at this point for about two years but
did not organize a class.
The oldest religious organization in the
township at the present time is the Mount
Olive Christian Church. It dates its history
from the year 1857, at which time the organi-
zation was effected by Elders R. Metheny and
R. Bates, the former of whom is the present
pastor.
The original membership numbered about
twenty, which was afterward increased to
more than twice that number. Elder R. Bates
was the first regular pastor, in which capacity
he served the church about two years, and
was succeeded by Elder Thomas Mattox, who
preached for the congregation the same
length of time. In 180:i Elder Metheny
took charge of the church and has preached
regularly ever since. The building stands in
the east side of the township and was erected
the same year the church was organized. It
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
453
is a loo; structure, hut very comfortable and
convenient, and vill seat 250 persons.
A flourishing Union Sunday school is main-
tained at this place during the entire year
and has an average attendance of more than
one hundred scholars. It is at present under
the efficient management of Joseph Jones,
superintendent.
Mount Moriah Christian Church was organ-
ized about nine years ago by Elder Metheny
with an original membership of sixteen.
Their house of worship is a log building and
was erected in the fall of 1873. Many
large meetings and interesting revivals were
held at this house, and in time the church
grew to be a strong organization, but
from some cause not learned, there has been
a considerable falling off in the last four years
until now there are only twenty-three names
on the records.
Elder Metheny is still pastor, in which
rapacity he has acted ever since the organiza-
tion. Jonathan Brewer is superintendent of
the Sunday school, which is large and well
attended.
A society of Missionary Baptists was or-
ganized at the Mount Moriah church, in the
year 1876, by Rev. William Bridgeman, with
a membersJiip of ten persons. Bridgeman
preaclied for the congregation two years, and
was succeeded by Rev. Thomas Reynolds,
who ministered to the church one year, and
was in turn followed by Rev. Bratton, the
present pastor, under whose care the society
has grown rapidly in numbers and influence.
About two years ago Elder JlcCash, of the
Reformed Christian church, or as they are
more familiarly known, Disciples, organized a
flourishing society at the Mount Moriah
church, which, at the present time, is in good
condition.
Services are conducted regularly by Elder
McCash, the pastor, who is assisted in his
work at intervals by Elder Williams.
In the year 1881 a small society of the
Southern Methodist Church was organized at
the How school-house by Revs. Jones and
Cross, and a movement set on foot by them to
erect a house of worship. A lot for that pur-
pose was obtained near Union Mount, and
work on the building was pushed rapidly
forward. It had not proceeded far, however,
before a very disagreeable fact stared the
projectors in the face, namely, that the funds
collected were far from being sufficient to
complete the edifice, and as the organization
numbered but few members the project was
finally abandoned and the building sold.
None of the community desired to see the
property abandoned in this summary manner
and William How, who was abundantly able
to do so, was urged to buy the building when
offered at public sale. This he consented to do,
and a number of the citizens, but few of whom
belong to any religious denomination, contrib-
uted to its completion, and furnishing for
church purposes, an organization was effect-
ed and the business" placed in the hands of a
board of trustees who were instructed to
allow it to be used by an}' religious denomi-
nation which would keep in repair. The re-
sult is, that each denomination now hears the
Gospel, " each in his own tongue," the Bap-
tists, Christians and Universalists alternating
in holding services.
The building is frame, cost about $1,500,
and is the most commodious audience room
in the township.
The Winebrennarian, or Church of God,
sect have a place of worship in the southern
part of the township, known as Oak Point.
The society was organized about 1876, and
for some years had a vigorous existence. The
society built a neat frame place of wor-
ship soon after its organization, at a cost of
some ^1,200, where regular worship and Sun-
day school is still maintained. Rev. Mr. San-
doe is t' e present pastor.
CHAPTER XXI.*
PARKER TOWNSHIP— SURFACE FEATURES-THE FIRST SETTLERS-PIONEER INDUSTRIES
AND IMPROVEMENTS-CHURCHES AND PREACHERS-EDUCA-
TIONAL FACILITIES, ETC.
^OWNSHIP 11 north, range 14 west, is one
-L of the western range of townships in Clark
Couniy, and is bounded on the north by
Westfield, on the east by Dolson, on the
south by Cumberland and on the west by
Cumberland County. Its lines coincide with
those of the congressional survey and include
thirty-six sections. Originally its surface was
divided between prairie and woodland, the
latter covering about one third of the town-
ship on the east side bordering the North
Fork of the Enibarrae. The balance of the
township was occupied by a fine rolling prai-
rie that bore the name of Parker, from George
Parker, an early settler here, and subsequent-
ly gave the name to the township.
Parker is so situated between the settle-
ments of Westfield and Cumberland town-
ships as to lose any strong marks of individ-
uality which it might otherwise have had.
The National Road, and later the railroad,
drew such material as goes toward a villao-e
growth to the latter town, while to the north
Westfield, inspired by the activity of the
northern thoroughfare and aided by public-
spirited enterprises, added its influence to
keep Parker to the level of an agricultural
community.
The first settlement was made by Hezekiah
Martin in 1837. Coming from Crawford
County he settled in the eastern part of the
township on section 6, where he erected a
cabin, and cleared twelve acres of timber.
*By G. N. Berry.
He made no attempt to secure the land, and
made uo permanent improvements which the
necessity of the situation did not demand.
So far did he carry this policy that he lived
in his cabin three years without a window or
a floor. At the end of this time he sold his
property to Samuel Brown who, in 1831,
entered the land. In 1838, George Parker
came to the northern part of this township.
He came originally from Butler County, Ohio,
by wagon to Crawford County, but dissatis-
fied with the aspect of the country there he
traveled over a large part of the settled por-
tions of the State in quest of a home, but
failed to find a place suited to his taste until
he reached this locality. Here he settled,
entered land, and spent the rest of his life
where his son John now lives. Mr. Parker
became a prominent man in the community
which gathered here, and giving name to the
prairie eventually gave his name to the town-
ship also.
In 1830, John G. Morrell joined the settle-
ment thus begun. Originally emigrating
from Kentucky to North Carolina, after a
short residence in the latter place he came to
Indiana and three years later to Coles County.
After two years residence there, Mr. Morrell
came to Parker and settled on the east half
of the southeast quarter of section 4.
Here he improved a good farm and by his
intelligent activity became an important fac-
tor in the growth of the communitv in which
he lived until 1856. Lewis Walker came in
1831. He was a native of Kentucky and first
HISTORY OF CLARK COUXTY.
455
rmicrrated to Indiana, but dissatisfied with
the country thore he soon after came to Clark
County, building his cabin on section G, whore
he subsequently entered land. Mr. Walker
Was a man of marked piety, of orood education
and remarkably public-spirited, taking a live-
ly interest in the laying out of roads, estab-
lishing schools, churches, etc. John Pence
came the same year direct from Kentucky.
He settled on section 2, and improved a good
farm where he lived until his death in 1651.
His place is now owned by Benjamin Perry.
Isaac and David Stark came about the same
time and settled on section 11, where they
bought about forty acres. They were noted,
liowever, as hunters and trappers rather than
farmers, and gave more attention to the pur-
suit of garfle than to improvement of their
land. As the land settled up and game grew
scarce they became dissatisfied with the
country here and a few years later left for
newer lands further west.
In 1832, the settlement received several
accessions, among whom was Morris Carru-
thers. He came from Indiana hepe, settled
on section 4, and while not marked for his
high moral character, was an energetic citizen
and a useful member of the community.
He was a great hunter but when the game
grew scarce, turned his energies to farming,
making stock raising something of a spe-
cialty. Stanley B. Walker was also an im-
migrant of this year. He was a native of
Kentucky, a preacher of the Old School Bap-
tist Church and divided his time and efforts be-
tween his farm and church work. He preached
far and near wherever a cabin was opened
to give him a hearing and assisted in the
organization of nearly every Baptist church
in the county. Thomas Lamb located in this
year on section .3, where he lived for twenty
years, finally selling his property to a man by
the name of Grant, and removing to Texas.
David Easton came here from Kentucky
about this time and settled on section 4.
He was an adventurous character, spending
much of his time in hunting, and finally sold
his place to a Mr. Elkin and went west. In
183:! came William Lee and John Johnson,
both locating their cabins on section 4.
The latter came from Indiana, and lived here
but a short time. Charles Menary settled on
the same section in the following year. He
made his way from Kentucky by wagon, built a
cabin and made improvements on agnail farm.
Thouarh an active man he n-ave more of his
attention to hunting than firming. Another
settler on section 4, was Calvin Boyd. He
was a man of some power and an enthusiastic
controversialist, his favorite tnpics being poli-
tics and religion. He made a campaign lor a
position in the Legislature hut was defeated.
In 183G there .vere several additions to this
settlement. Of these the family of Timothy
Terrell was, perhaps, the earliest. They came
frjm Indiana and settled on section 12 but
they stayed only about two years. In the
meanwhile Mr. Terrell made some slight im-
provements, and served as constable, an office
to which he was elected soon after his arrival,
and the duties of which he seemed peculiarly
fitted to discharge. He sold his property in
1838 to Vincent Lindsey and removed from
the township. On the same section with Ter-
rell another settlement was made a little
later in tlie year by Isaac Bean. He came
from North Carolina, and was elected one of
the earliest justices of the peace in Parker.
He spent the remainder of his life here, and
at the time of his death was the oldest man in
the county. In this year the township received
an important accession in the coming of Levin
D. Robinson, who settled on section 33.
When a babe he rode in his mother's arms
on horseback from Tennessee on the road
to Indiana. Arrived at Darwin, the family
migration came to a halt, and Mr. Robinson
stayed liere for some time, but subsequently
456
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
removed to E l<^ai- County. In 1836 Levin
D. led the niiajration of the familv to this lo-
cality, his lather, who was an old man, com-
ing with hitn. Mr. Robinson early took a
prominent place in the community, and
amassed a lar^e property. His brother, James
C, came to Parker at the same time, and was
soon afterward elected justice of the peace.
He subsequently took up the study of law
with such success as to be numbered among
the few leading lawyers of the State. He
served three terms in the Lower House of
Congress, and in 1864 was a candidate
for Governor, but was defeated by
Ogelsby. He still owns a large farm in sec-
tion, 6, though he no longer resides in the
township. William and T. H. Connolly came
with tReir father, Josiah, about 1836, and have
since been identified with the township. The
latter son was fouryears sherilTof the county,
and the other the first justice of the peace,
after the township organization was effected.
Sa 1837 Messrs. J. J. Houghton, Chriss and
Shook came to this township. The former
settled on section 9, and is still livinir
here. Isaac Chriss came from Kentucky to
Martinsville and thence here. He sold
out in 1S59, and died on his way to California,
in the same year. William Shook was a
native of Kentucky, from whence he moved
to Indiana, moving to this locality a little
later, and subsequently moving to Dolson.
The early life in the S3ttlement was not
different from that of other early communities
in the county save that it was shorn of many of
the privations which thej' experienced. The
niarlcets and means of communication, though
not so conveniently placed as now, were not
so meagerly afforded as to amount to a real
hardship. The Grandview and JIartinsville
road was the first one established through
this township, and was laid out as early as
1S33. Two years later, the Auburn road,
passing acioss the northeast corner, was laid
out, and in 1840 the York and Charleston
road was run through the central portion.
The first mill in this settlement was built
on section 11, by Ferguson Johnson He
came from Edgar County in 1836, and at
once set about erecting a single-geared horse
mill. It was a rude affair and was run night
and day to meet the demands tnade upon it.
This served the public fifteen years before
it was superseded by more modern machinery.
Another early mill was erected by Hibbardon
the North Fork in the south part of Parker.
This was a water mill in a log building, and
was afterward sold to the Johnson brothers.
It continued doing business for some ten
years, when it was abandoned. Clark Nichols
also constructed a water mill on the North
Fork in the southern part of the township.
It served the purpose of its construction for
about five years. A saw and grist mill com-
bined was erected in 1870 by C. W. Ham-
mond and a Mr. Barbee in the eastern part
of Parker. In 1878 this was burned down,
Init it has since been replaced by a steam mill,
two stories high, by C. & F. Hammond. This
is provided with improved machinery and
does a fair business.
There has Ijeen nothing in the situation of
Parker to develop any considerable business
which the community centered here could not
itself support. Considerable towns on either
side of it have prevented the development
of any similar growth in Parker, and even
the coming of the railroad has failed to de-
velop any unusual business excitement. The
discovery of petroleum for a time promised
to do what other advantages had failed to ac-
complish. Wells were sunk and some oil
secured, and in the height of the excitement
the beginning of a village was started near
the well on the farm of T. II. Young. A
large hotel was erected, and a large name de-
vised for the town v.'hich was to grow up
there, but Oil City is now only a memory and
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
437
a name. There is no doubt as to the charac-
ter and quality of the oil, but the business
was brought to an untimely stop by the break-
ao-e of a drill which the workmen were un-
able to recover, and which not only stopped
the work, but prevented the flow of oil to
anv paying extent. Efforts are now being
made to push the prospecting until the " fiiul "
is a demonstrated success or failure.
The first school was held about 1840, in
a small log house on the northeast corner
of section 11, where Samuel Hoskins held
sway over about twenty pupils. The second
was held a year later in a log house on the
Hammond farm in section 13. Among the
early teachers are remembered Burns Harlan,
R. C. Robinson, Reuben Warner and Isaac
Johnson. The first public school was inaugu-
rated in Parker about 1850. Frame build-
ings for school purposes were not erected,
however, until about 18G5. There are now
six districts all comfortably provided with
frame buildings and modern appliances.
Church influences were early introduced
by Rev. S. B. Walker who was one of the early
settlers of Parker. He began holding services
in the cabms around the neighborhood as early
as 1836, but as he belonged to ttie Baptist de-
nomination, his own cabin, or that of .losiah
Connolly was generally the scene of his labors.
Among the early Methodist itinerants were
William C. Blundell and James Martin. Serv-
ices were usually held in the Hammond School-
honse, and the latter minister succeeded in
organizing a class which had an e-xistence for
some ten years. No regular place of wor-
ship was erected, and the organization was
finally abandoned. Thomas Sparks, of the
United Brethren Church, preached in this
settlemetit, holding services in the various
cabins. Ho organized a class at the residence
of David Downs where services were main-
tained for several years, but the organization
was finally abandoned. In 1873, a "Church
of God " was organized with a small member-
siiip, which still survives. It has about
twenty members and a regular pastor. In
the following year a Union place of worship
was erected on section 13, to wliich the whole
community contributed, and wliich is used by
the United Brethren, Methodist, and " Church
of God." This is a hewed log building and
the only church edifice in the township.
CHAPTEE XXII.*
AUBURN TOWNSHIP— "E PLURIBUS UNUM "— ITS PIONEERS AND ORGANIZATION— THE
'■ EMPEROR " OF AUBURN— EARLY EXPECTATIONS— AUBURN
VILLAGE-CHURCH AND SCHOOL.
" Sweet Auburn! loveliest village of the plain."
IN the center of Clark County, as near as
may be, lies the township of Auburn,
resembling on the map of the county, the
ornamental piece which ambitious younw
ladies place in the center of their first patch-
work counterpane. Its history as a separate
organization dates from the year 1859, when
it came into being as a political afterthought.
Its territory comprises sixteen sections,which
were contributed to its formation by the town-
ships of Marshall, Anderson, Martinsville and
Dolson, the two latter townships contributing
the larger portion. The object of this
"gerrymander" it is difficult to ascertain.
It is said that an influential gentleman in the
county desired to be elected justice of the
peace, and that in the event of a new town-
ship constructed on this plan, his jurisdiction
could be exercised with convenience to him-
self as well as satisfaction to the communitv,
and so, on this theory, the new political factor
was built up around the village of Auburn,
the name of which it shares.
Its physical features are not espocially
marked. The eastern part is considerably
broken, well timbered, and drained by Mill
Creek which passes through the northeastern
part of its territory. Other small streams
varj' the configuration of tlie surface, tlowino-
to the south or southeast and finding an outlet
into other streams in other parts of tlie coun-
ty. The soil is a light clay, which furnislies
* By G. N. Beny.
the chief material resource of the citizens
here, who are devoted to agricultural pur-
suits.
Its settlement liad few marked characteris-
tics, and though the community brought to-
gether by its modern limits had hitherto
looked to different centers of influence, their
allegiance was easily transferred to the new
center established, and so far as township af-
filiations are concerned the community of Au-
burn is as homogeneous as that ofanj' politi-
cal divfsion in the county. Its settlement,
owing to its central position, was rather later
than many other points. Until the National
Road made it a point of attraction there was
little to invite the pioneer. Land was plenty
and good as in other parts of the county and
the lines of business activity rather led else-
where. The agitation in regard to the final
removal of the county seat, however, aroused
an interest in its central location, and its evi-
dent fitness on that account as the site for a
seat of justice, and this, perhaps, more than
any other reason, determined its first settle-
ment. Jonathan Rathbone, a shrewd Yankee,
from one of the New England States, entered
land here and came in l!333,'largely with a view
of speculating on the event of a change in the
county seat. He erected a cabin on the site
of the present school Ijuilding in Auburn vil-
lage and lived here untd his death in 1839.
He was followed in the following year by
Ralph Haskett, a native of New York, who
built a cabin on the west fork of Mill Creek,
on the National Road, and lived here eight
cjMoa^c ^^^^
HISTOPvY OF CLARK COUXTY.
461
vcars. Oreiuli)iir, an industrious German,
came in 1835, fiom New York, improved a
iro'.)d farm but attracted by the California ex-
citement sold iiis place to Robert D.'Wiis in
1830, and sought bis I'oriune iu the gold-
fields.
The National Road was at this time one of
the prineip:d routes to the West. It was very
much the custom for emlLrrants to travel with
eyes open to any eligible site and ready to
come to a permanent halt wherever the coun-
try promised the best advantages. Notwith-
standing the natural competition of Marshall
which had been recoTitly founded, and the en-
orgy of its proprietor, Auburn profited by these
circumstances to a considerable extent.
Among the settlers thus attracted was .John
Fredenberger, who came here almost direct
from Germany. In his company was his
father, Peter, who was a very old ma'i and
snl)sequently died full of years at the age of
one hundred years. The family, noted for
thiir thr.ft and industry, improved a good
farm adjoining the OrenJorEF place. Adam
Weaver was another accession of this year
and settled where Fredenberger now lives.
A few years later he entered land at an-
other point. Samuel Williams, a native of
Kentucky, was also a settler about this time,
and reared his cabin on the National Road
near the village. He subsequently moved
into Auburn and kept hotel. About this time,
or perhaps a little later, William and Zacha-
riah Shields came here in wagons from Ken-
lucky. They settled near the main road west
of the village, but both moved again further
west, William celling to J. Flood in 1850.
In 18:50, three Davis brothers came to the
township. Oliver and Hayward entered land
in the eastern part in partnership. Allan
bought land iu the same locality but subse-
quently sold to his brothers about 1840, and
dii'd a little later in Iowa, whither ho had re-
moved. Tiie others soon afterward iell the
county. The}' are remembered as boisterous,
muscular men, always ready to p irticipate in
a row which was not an uiii'requent occurrence.
AVilliam Duckwall of Kentucky, entered land
here at)out ]Sl:0,and settled where Nicholas
Hurst now lives. Duckwall was a man of
good intelligence, a blacksmith by trade but
skilled as a physician, and earnest as a Meth-
odist preacher. He served in this triple ca-
])acitv for some years when he sold to Mr.
Hurst. .lames, his brother, settled near him
aVout the same time.
Nicholas Hurst, though not an early settler
in Aui)urn in point of time, was a prominent
and influential citizen, and left his impress
upon the destiny of the township. A native
of Kentucky, he first came to Douglas Town-
ship, and later to Auburn. He early fig-
ured prominently iu county politics, serving
four years as associate judge; as county
treasurer four years; as sheriff one term,
and as justice of the peace fourteen
years. To him is due the peculiar organiza-
tion of the township, vyhich, at the late day
in which it was accomplished, indicates the
possession of conslder.ible influence or a gen-
eral belief in the wisdom of the change. He
still survives to enjoy his success, and is
popularly called the " Emperor of Auburn,"
though there is little about him to suggest
royalty, unless a wooden cane with a carved
serpent tvpined about it may so distinguish
him. Archibald Starks, a native of Kentucky,
was another man of some note in the town-
ship. He entered 840 acres in the southwest
corner, and by his untiring energy kept suc-
cess always within his reach. His silk hat
was the pioneer of its kind in this community,
and the man and hat were seldom seen sejja-
rated. He subsequently became involved
in a law suit with Hillebert and sustained
some very heavy losses.
There was very little of the romance of
piouecr life in the community here. Life had
462
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
its inconveniences, its privations, its urgent
^cleinand for toilsome achievement, but it
laclied that last degree of exaction in all these
requirements that gives to isolated frontier
experience a touch of heroism. There were
no mills at first in the township. The streams
were small and uncertain, and the near loca-
tion of other mills discouraged any of thuse
cheap attempts that are so vaKiable an addition
to an isolated settlement. About 1S42, how-
ever, Laban Record erected a horse mill east
of tiie village, which was lilierallj^ patronized
for a number of years. After running it some
eight years the mill was sold to Stephen Ox-
endine, who operated about the same length
of time, when it was abandoned. It was a
rude affair, and the old buhrs still do service
as a well top on Mrs. Gilbert's place. A steam
mill was suijsequently erected in the village
with a frame building and somewhat more
modern appliances.
Of the early experiences in Auburn, there
is little to be said. There was nothing to in-
dividualize tiie community. The people lived
in log cabins, wore home-made clothing, sub-
sisted upon game and the products of the
soil, and indulged in the recreations common
to the rest of the county. The community
was peculiar in one respect, however. The
early settlers had great expectations for the
village which utterly failed, and with this
failure went the prospect of the town. The
village was platted by O. B. Ficklin, Demas
Ward and Jonathan N. Rathbone, and located
on the west half of section 31, in what was a
part of Marshall Township. It consisted of^
twenty-seven squares, through which the
Cumberland road passed as Main street.
Block thirteen, fronting Main street from the
north, was reserved for the use of the county
buildings, but in the event of some other
site being chosen for the county seat, it was
provided that this square should be used as a
public ground. The contest for the location
of the seat of justice was sharp between Mar-
shall and Auburn. Whisky was a potent
factor in every phase of life, and it played a
prominent part in this contest. Every form
of amusement that could be devised was used
to call the voters together and entertainment
the most lavish that the times would afford
was freely furnished. While Auburn had the
advantage of central location and pleasant
surroundings, Marshall had the heaviest vote.
This defeat ruined the prospect of the village.
This first show of village growth was a
wayside inn, by R. B. McCowen, about 1836.
He was an emigrant from Kentuckv in 1834,
but in the latter year he entered land near
the site of the village, erected a hewed log
house and hung out a sign on which a deer
was painted. There was considerable travel
on the road, and the old " Buck Tavern," as
it was called, did a good business. McUowen
was a man who looked upon his own achieve-
ments with great complacency; was some-
thing of a horse jockey and politician. About
the same time John Burks, a Kentuckian by
birth, put up a blacksmith shop just west of
the village site. He subsequently moved to
York Township. On the laying out of the
village Samuel Williams moved on to the plat
put up a cabin and opened it for public enter-
tainment. It became the stage hotel and for
some ten years did a thriving business. A
second tavern was started by George Baker
and was maintained for a number of years.
These were the pioneers of the village busi-
ness, which had but little following. A store
was early opened in a log cabin near the
central part of the village by John Salmon,
where a few groceries and dry goods and a
good deal of whisky was sold. This store was
noted as a rendezvous of rather rough charac-
ters. A second store of much better charac-
ter was kept by James Booth, and several
others have since had little mercantile ventures
here. The village is now marked by a store,
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
4'33
two bhicksmith shops, a wagon shop and a
dozon houses.
Tht! first school was held in a little cubin
west of the village, and taaglit by Robert
Runkin, who cauie from Kentucky about
1838. He was an illiterate man, addicted to
gambling, and ruled his school by main
strength. When subsequently elected eon-
stable, he proved one of the best collectors in
tlie county, a man without fear, and success-
ful in the most difficult cases of arrest. It is
said on one occasion he was given a warrant
to arrest a man who lived on the east side of
the county, his house being, in fact, on the
Indiana side of the line. He had been over
to the man's residence several times, but
found no opportunity of catching him within
his jurisdiction. Rankin had gone out on
another occasion, but the man, suspecting the
constable's errand, refused to be drawn over
the fatal line in a heedless moment, and so
the former resorted to a ruse which proved
successful. Alter talking upon inLiifferent
suljjects for a time he rode over to the Illinois
side of the line, and suddenly feigned to fall
from his horse, at the same time giving an
outcry for assistance. The whole maneuver
was so cleverly performed that it threw the ob-
server entirely off his caution, and the man
ran to the constable's assistance only to
realize it was a ruse when Rankin seized him
and read a warrant for his arrest.
Another early teacher was an old man b}"^
tiie name of Kennedy, wlio, though quite an
old man, was very strong, and acted upon the
theory that whipping was the main part of
school teaching. Samuel Lowry was one of
the early teachers also.
The first frame building was built near the
central part of the village, about 1S4G, by
Thomas Leise. Since then the townsiiip has
been divided into four districts, each of which
is provided with a frame building.
The first effort to introduce Christian wor-
ship in this township was met with no more
encouragement here than elsewhere in the*
county. Tlie people were rather given to the
excessive use of whisky, gambling and hoise
racing, which did not prepare them to accept
religious services in a decorous way. There
were among the settlers notable exceptions to
this general rule, but their number was too
small to protect traveling ministers from the
rude jests and gibes of the crowd. The first
religious services in the township were hekl
at the cabin of Samuel Williams, by Rev.
Chas. Doyle, an Irishman, but ^ protestant
and a Methodist. He was a loud-voiced
speaker and accompanied his sermons with
the most violent gestures. This was a novel
entertainment and of a character to draw out
the majority' in the settlement. On one oc-
casion some of the " boys" intending to em-
barrass the speaker, placed a pack of well-
used cards in his hat. After his sermon, on
taking up his hat the cards fell out before the
audience, and without the least hesitation or
embarrassment, he said: " If the brother who
owns this property will come forward he may
have it again." Rev. Mr. Witherspoon was
an early itinerant of the Protestant Method-
ist denomination, who held religious services
in the private houses here. In 184;i he or-
ganised a society which flourished for several
years, holding its meetings in the houses of
the members. The society never erected a
house of its own, and gradually passed out of
existence.
About 1850 Rev. Robert Carson organized
a Missionary Baptist church at the village of
Auburn. There were about twenty-five
members, and very soon after organization the
society set about erecting a place of worship.
It was not completed by the church, however.
The project halted and -finally fell through
entirely. It is now finished and used as a
stable. After some years of existence it was
merged into the Bethel church.
404
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
In 1851 Elder Gilbert moved from Ohio to
Auburn. He was a Missionary Baptist
preacher, and finding there was no church of
his denomination nearer than ten miles he
determined to organize one in the township.
In the following June, those interested in the
movement met in a school-house and effected
an organization, with the following members:
Elder Gilbert and wife, Electa Nnrris, Sarah
Wright, Willis Gilbert, William Beabout,
Sr. and wife, Celia McCune and Eunice Gil-
bert. Soon after this organization. Revs.
Fuson, J. Riley and H. Humphrey met with
the society and formally recognized it as a
church, in regular standing. In 1860 a new
log school-house, about two miles northwest
of Auburn was erected and the little church
held its services there until 1873, when a
frame building, 30 by 40 feet was erected on
the National Road, two miles west of Auburn
and three miles east of Martinsville, at a cost
of about a thousand dollars. Elder Gilbert
preached for the church about fifteen years
without pay, and was succeeded by Revs. R.
O. Hawkins, Bridgman, J. Bratton, A. Jones,
and R. Wiley, the present pastor. The
church is out of debt, numbers about eighty-
six members, and holds services about once a
month. A Sunday school was maintained
from the first nearly every summer. In 1880
the school was reorganized and since has
been regularly maintained, using the regular
quarterly lesson helps, and having an at-
tendance of about sixty-two scholars.
The "Christian" denomination organized a
society in Auburn, in 1863, and met at the
school-house for a year or two under the min-
istrations of Elder Thomas Good, but it since
has died out.
CHAPTER XXIII.*
DOUuLAS TOWNSHIP— GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION— SETTLEMENT BY THE WHITES— IM-
PKOVEMENTS— DISTILLERIES, MILLS AND ROADS— SCHOOLS, SCHOOL-
HOUSES, CHURCHES, ETC.— VILLAGE OP
CASTLE FINN.
IN writing the history of even so small a
part ol" the earth's surface as is contained
in a sinG;le township it becomes evident that
nothing li!<e absolute justice and impartiality
can be attained. No history absolutely cor-
rect in all its details was ever written. To
give just the right amount of importance and
space to each individual and interest would
manifestly be impossible. It might be a
curiosity to see a book wherein each person
was allowed to dictate or write up his own
consequence, and that of his family; such a
production would give a very incorrect idea
of individuals and their affairs. Some would
be swelled out of all proportion as to their
real merit or standing in the community,
while others, through innate modesty, would
only occupy a few lines, if they allowed them-
selves to appear at all. It will be readily seen
therefore, that the historian's task is one beset
with many difficulties, but it is hoped that the
following pages may contain a brief synopsis
of history free from an\' serious error.
Douglas is known as town 13 north, range
12 west, and was formerly included within the
limits of Marshall Township from which it was
separated and organized into a distinct di-
vision. It is a fractional township com-
posed of eighteen square miles of territory
lying in the northern part of the county, and
is bounded on the east, south and wost by
the townships of Wabash, Jlarshall and Dolson
•By G. N. Berr)'.
respectively, and on the north by Edgar
County. The greater part of the surface is
rolling and broken, though quite an extensive
tract in the southwest corner is comparatively
level and was originally known as the " bar-
rens." This part at one time was wet and
swampy and covered with a growth of willows,
and small jack oak, and for many years was
looked upon by the settlers as being totally
unfit for agricultural purposes. A class of
thrifty Germans, attracted by the fertile qual-
ity of the soil, settled in this part of the town-
ship in an early day, and after several years
hard work ditching, and clearing away the
thick scrubby growth, succeeded in bringing
quite a large tract into cultivation. It is at
the present time looked upon as the most
valuable farm land in the township, and pos-
sesses a deep rich soil, well adapted to all
the crops raised in this part of the country.
The soil in the more broken portions, though
largely clay, contains sufficient alluvium to
insure remunerative crops of all kinds. In the
depressed portions among the hills and along
the water-courses, the earth is thorougjily
mingled with decaying vegetable matter, a
portion of which has been washed in by past
inundations. This land is very easily tilled
and produces abundant crops of wheat, corn,
rye, oats, barley, grass etc., etc.
The township is watered and drained by
Big Creek and its tributaries. Big Creek
crosses the northern boundary in section 22,
flows through sections 27 and 34, and leaves
466
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
the township from section 35. The portion
of country through which this stream passes
is very broken and was originally covered
with a heavy forest growtli of oak, beech,
maple, wa nut and anumber of other varieties,
and was known among the early settlers as
the wet woods. Parris Branch flows in a
southerly direction through the eastern
part of the township and empties into Big-
Creek about a half mile south of the southern
boundary. Rocks Branch, a small stream,
meanders through the northwestern portion
of the township, and furnishes ample drainage
to that section. Douglas was not settled as
carlv as some of the neighboring townships, at
least by those who entered land. A number of
snualter families located along Big Creek and
the neighboring streams, but the exact date of
their first appearance can not be ascertained
with any degree of certainty. It is well
known, however, that when the first perma-
nent settlers came into the country as early
as 1S23, there were living in various parts of
the township, a number of these transient
residents, several of whom had made some im-
provements. It was not customary for these
squatters to concern themselves very much
about clearing or cultivating the soil. A
small garden spot wherein their half-clad
wives and children could raise a few potatoes
and other vegetables was the extent of their
farming. Wild meat furnished their chief
means of subsistence, and was easily procured,
as game of all kinds was at that time very
plenty. They lived in the rudest of cabins,
and in the most primitive fashion. They ap-
parently copied the manners and customs of
the Indians and many of them existed in
about the same miserable plight. The names
of these early hunters were not learned as
they abandoned their cabins and moved
further west soon after the first permanent
settlers began improving the country.
The first entries of land in Douglas were
made in the year 183"i by J. Blaze and S.
Sharp, on section 36, though neither of them
ever occupied their lands as residents. Joel
Tucker made an entry in section 19 the lat-
ter part of the same year but it is not posi-
tively known whether he ever resided in the
township or not. In 18;23 James Cox entered
land in the southvpest corner of the township
in section 36. Of him but little is known
save that he im|iroved a farm which he sold
soon after and moved from the country. Da-
vid Van Winkel who had been in Fort La-
motte in Crawford County, came to the town-
ship in the year 1824 and entered the west half
of section 30, but did not improve the land.
Adam Shrader, a resident of Edgar County,
entered a portion of section 25 the same
year but was never identified with the town-
ship in the capacity of a cit zen. In the
spring of 1828 Elisha Minn settled the west
half of the southwest quarter of section 25,
and in the same year a man by name of Solo-
mon located on Big Creek near the southern
limit of the township where he entered land
in section 4. Solomon was a native of Eng-
land, and came to America in company with
several other immigrant families all of whom
located in different parts of the West. He
was a man of considerable enterprise and ac-
quired a valuable tract of land during the
period of his residence in the township. His
death occurred a number of years ago. David
Reynolds came to the county in the year 1828,
and entered the west half of section 34, which
he improved, and where he still lives, the oldest
resident in the township, and one of its leading
and most public spirited citizens. He came
to Illinois from Tennessee, and during the
period of his long residence in Douglas has
been prominently identified with all move-
ments calculated to advance its material pros-
perity. An early settler in the northern part
of the township was Jacob Groves who made
his appearance about the year 1828. He im-
HISTORY OF CLAitK COUNTY.
467
jjioved a farm near the nortliern lioundury, on
Bii^ Creiik, which he sold to Austin Griffin in
1833 and moved to tlie adjoininsc township of
M'ahash. In the year 1831 the following
persons entered land in Douglas: Abner
Cooper, section 35, Abraha n Walters, section
25, Samuel McClure, section 25, and Jesse
Every, section 35. McClure moved to this
part of the State from Lawrence County, in
company with his father, Andrew McClure,
■whose death occurred one year after their ar-
rival. Samuel McClure was a man of more
than ordinary intelligence and enterprise, and
at the first election held in the precinct of
which Douglas at that time formed a part,
was chosen justice of the peace. He was sub-
sequently called to the offices of county com-
missioner, county treasurer and sheriff, in all
of which he served the people in a very satis-
factory manner. He resided in the township
until about ten years ago, when he disposeil
of his possessions and moved to Iowa. In the
latter State he became extensively engaged
in baling and shipping hay, and it was while
operating one of his presses that he mot a
violent death by being caught and drawn into
the machiner}'.
During the year 1832 the following ac-
cessions were made to the population of the
community: Robert Ashmore, William For-
sythe, Greenwood Davis, Samuel Galbraith,
Elisha Hurst, William Lycan, and a man
by the name of Francis. Ashmore and For-
sythe were Kentuckians. They settled in
the eastern part of the township, the former
on section 35, and the latter a short distance
north on section 25. They made extensive
■ improvements, and became prominent farm-
ers, but did not always live on the most
friendly terms, as the following will go to
prove: Forsythe, it ap]iears, lost a very valu-
able calf, which he accused Ashmore of steal-
ing, whereupon the latter sued him for
slander. Th.s so enraged Forsythe, who was
a very passionate man, that he declared he
would kill Ashmore unless the suit was with-
drawn before court convened, and sent the
latter word to that effect. To this threat
Ashmore paid no attention, but, on the con-
trary, made every preparation to prosecute
the case against his enemy. While in the
act of sadd ing his horse, preparatory to
starting to Robinson, the morning court was
to meet, Ashmore was shot from behind with
a heavy load of slugs and almost instantly
killed. Forsythe was at once arrested for the
crime, and his guilt clearly established in the
trial that followed. The verdict of the jury
was murder in the first degree and he was
sentenced to be hanged. The sentence was
afterward commuted by the Governor, to
imprisonment for life. While in the peni-
tentiary he became afflicted with a very
loathsome cancer which ate away the greater
part of his face, and his condition became so
pitiable, that a petition was afterward circu-
lated in his behalf. This had the desired ef-
fect, and the wretched man was released,
after an incarceration of eight years, only lo
die the same year he obtained his liberty.
The murder and trial occurred about the j'ear
1853. Samuel Galbraith was a native of
Tennessee. He st'ttled in the southeastern
part of the township and was one of the sub-
stantial citizens of his community. Elisha
Hurst immigrated to Illinois from Kentucky
and settled in the southern part of Edgar
County a couple of miles north of the Doug-
las line. From the latter place he moved to
this township in the spring of 1832, and
located in the eastern part, where he pur-
chased forty-eight acres of land at sheriff's
sale. He lived on this place for four years
when he sold the far in and moved intoDolsori
Township where he died a number of years
ago. Nicholas Hurst, son of the I'oregoing,
came with his father to the township and
entered land in section 13 a few years
468
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
later. He was a resident of Douglas until
1856 wlieu he moved to Auburn Townsliip, in
the formation of which he was the chief actor.
He has been a prominent politiciiin and has
served the people of the county in several
positions of trust. He is at present known
by the high sounding title of " Emperor of
JIuuiit Auburn" an iionor he wears with be-
coming dignity. William Lyc-an immigrated
from Kentucky and locati'd near the central
part of the township where he improved a
farm and built a steam mill which he operated
for a number of years. This mill was one of
the earliest steam mills in the northern part of
the county, and was extensively patronized
during the time it was in operation. It
burned down a number of years ago and has
never been rebuilt. In the year 1833 Eli
Kitchen entered land near the central part
of the township. He was a local preacher of
the Methodist church, and did much to in-
troduce Cliristianity into the new community.
He died aljiiut thirty years ago. The land
on which he settled is at the present time
owned and occupied by William Thorn|)son.
A brother-in-law of Kitchen by name of
Gibbons came to the township the same
year and settled in the same locality. After
1832 the settlers came in more rapidly, and
bv 1837 the township was quite well popu-
lated. Among those wiio came in between
these two years, and obtained the patents of
their land from the Government, were the
following: Lyman Squires, J. H. Walters,
James EUedge, Robert Craig, Stephen Lee,
Merrick Porter, George Hamilton, Richard
Grace, Joseph Burnett, Thomas Davis, Rich-
ard Wood, John L\'can, .Joseph Clapp, Silas
Dunham, George Clapp, Nicholas Hundly,
Jiilm Travis, Samuel Haiidly, Richard Morris,
Margaret Davis, Samuel Wheeler and Joseph
Grisham. The names of many other early
settlers have, unfortunately, been forgotten.
From the year 1838 until 1815 the tide of
imtiiigratlon into the township was very great,
tlie settlers during that period being largely
Germans. These settlers located chiefly in
the southwestern part of the towns. lip, and
by their industry soon transformed the " bar-
rens " of that section from a quagmire into
one of the most fertile farming districts in
that region of the country.
The rapid settlement of the township be-
tween ttie years mentioned led to the imme-
diate erection of mills and other mechanical
industries. Samuel Hanna built a mill on
Big Creek near the Edgar County line in the
year 1831. It was a water mill, and rather a
rude affair, but was the outgrowth of the
home demand. Notwithstanding the presence
of other mills in the neighboring townships,
the demand for one in this vicinity resulted
in its erection. The mill produced a very
fair artijsie of flour and meal and was suffi-
ciently well patronized to warrant its continu-
ance for many years.
It passed into the hands of different parties,
and was afterward improved and operated by
Thomas Dixon and a man by name of Ramey
who were the last owners. It fell into disuse
a number of years ago and in time disap-
peared altogether. Another mill was erected
on the Barn Fork of Big Creek a few years
later by the Porter brothers. This was a
combination mill, and received the power by
which it was operated from the creek. It
was extensively patronized, and for many
years did agood business, both in sawing lum-
ber and grinding. It disappeared many years
a"-o, and ac the present time no vestige remains
to mark the spot where it formeriy stood. A
man bv name of Francis settled in the north-
eastern part of the township in the year 1832
and soon afterward commenced the erection
of a still house on the East Fork of Big
Creek. The building was irame, about
twenty by thirty feet and a story and a half
in hei"-)it. This enterprise proved a great
HISTORY OF CLAEK COUNTY.
463
benefit to the settl'Ts in tiii; vicinity by
bringing a market lor tiieir wiaiii into their
miilst. As corn at that day was very cheap,
many of the fanners exchanged their grain
for whisl<y vvliich could be sold at any time
for eighteen and twenty-five cents per gallon.
John Lyoan subsLHjuently purchased the
still and operated it successfully for a num-
ber of years. He afterward built *a mill
which he run in connection with the distillery
until about the year 1847, at which time both
enterprises were abandoned.
One of the earliest mills in the northern
part of the county stood on the West Fork
of B g Creek, and was erected by James Kiil-
well, an early settler who came into the county
in the summer of 1831. It was first started
as a saw-mill and commenced operating in
the year IS'oi. A set of buhrs was attached
the latter part of the same year, which proved
a successful venture. The mill did a very
good business ami was the source of consid-
erable revenue to the propiietor during the
time it was in operation. The mill was
bought, about the year 18.35, by Messrs. Row-
ley and Davidson, of Marshall, who run it for
a short time, when they tore away the build-
ing and erected in its place an extensive dis-
tillery. This was a frame building two sto-
ries high and covered a space of ground about
thirty by forty feet. The enterprise proved
a success and was operated by Rowley and
Davidson until the year 1848, when it fell
into disuse, and was abandoned al^put one
year later. A part of the old building is still
standing and serves the purpose of a stable.
A certain aspect of respectability was con-
ceded the distiller in early years. Whisky
was a very common beverage, and was to be
seen on every sideboard, and the custom of
dram drinking was universal. The distil-
leries mentioned had a large custom trade,
though it is not remembered whether their
products were shipped away or not. The old
settlers speak in high terms of this whisky,
and say " it was no such stuff as we get now-
adays." They also state that drunkenness
was not so prevalent then as it is at the pres-
ent day, although at log-rollings, raisings and
other gatherings immense quantities of liquor
were consumed. A man by name of Smith
settled near the Davidson distillery about one
year after its erection and built a blacksmith
shop. This was the first shop in the township,
anil was operated for about eight years.
The early settlers of Douglass experienced
great difBoulties in traveling from place to
place owing to the absence of roads. The
first legally established highway was surveyed
through the eastern part of the township some
time prior to 184 , and was known as the
Marshall and Paris road. It passes through
the township from north to south, and is
still extensively traveled. The Chicago road
passes through the township near the eastern
boundary. It was laid out as early as 1845,
and at the present time is the principal thor-
oughfare in the township. The Grandview
road was established in an early day, and was
at one time the leading highway in the north-
ern part of the county. In the meantime the
settlers cut roads in all directions to facilitate
travel, and in the course of fifteen years the
township was well supplied with highways.
The roads of the township at the present
time, while not so good as those in some
other parts of the county, are well improved
and kept in fair traveling condition during
the greater part of the year.
The early educational history of Douglass
is involved in considerable obscurity, and it
is not definitely known when or by whom the
first term was taught. It is believed by many
that James Miller was the first pedagogue,
and that he taught school in a little log house
that stood on the Kitchen farm as early as the
year 1830. This school was attended by
about twenty pupils, several of whom only
47J
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
reached the school-house by a walk of over
three miles. A second building for school
purposes was erected a few years later and
stood on the farm of Samuel McClure. It
was known as the McClure school-house and
was in use for many years. One of the fiist
schools in the township was taught in a little
log dwelling which belonged to David Rey-
nolds. The name of the first teacher in tiiis
house and the date of the first term have un-
fortunately been forgotten. Among the early
teachers were Lyman C. Squires and Samuel
McClure, both of whom were considered effi-
cient instructors at that time, but would hardly
come up to the standard required of the pro-
fession at the present day. School-houses
were erected in various parts of the township
as the convenience of the giowing population
demanded, and at the present time the ad-
vantages of a liberal education are within the
easy reach of all. The schools are well sup-
ported, and teachers receive fair salaries.
Durino- the school year of I8SI and I8S2
there was paid for tuition in this township the
sum of $i,b;35.
The religious history of Douglass dates
from the year of the township's first settlement.
Many of the pioneers had been active mem-
bers of different churches in the States from
whence they came and did not neglect their
religious duties upon their arrival in the new
country. Meetings were at first held at pri-
vate houses and groves, and were generally
conducted by traveling preachers of the Meth-
odist church. Among these early pioneers
of the cross was Rev. James McCord, a man
widely known among the settlements through-
out the northern and eastern parts of the
county. He was a great revivalist and, though
a very illiterate man, did much for the cause
of Christianity among the sparsely settled
neisrhborhoods of Douarlass. Eli Kitchen, to
whom reference has already been made, was
among the first preachers of the township, and
conducted religious services at his residence
for several years. At the present time there
are two churciies in the township, the Bap-
tists near the village of Castle Finn and the
Methodists in the northern part. Both or-
ganizations have good houses of worship and
are well attended. A Union meeting house
free for all denominations was erected a few
years since north of Castle Finn. It is a
frame building and represents a value of
about $1,200.
The little hamlet of Castle Finn, the only
village in the township is situated on the
northwest quarter of the northwest quar-
ter of section 27. It was surveyed by James
Lawrence, for Robert Wilson, proprietor, on
the 17th and 18th days of May, 1818, when
the lots were at once put upon the market.
The name of the village was given it by the
proprietor in honor of a small town in Ire-
land near the birth-place of Mr. Wilson. The
absence of any inducements prevented busi-
ness men from locating in the village and as
a consequence its growth has been rather
slow, ^t the present time it can boast of a
store, shoe shop and a blacksmith shop.
PART III.
JOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES,
CLARK COUNTY.
PART III
Biographical Sketches,
CLARK COUJSTTY.
MARSHALL
JOSEPH L. ALLISON, Pension Agent,
Marshall, is a native of Hancock County, Kj-.,
born October 7, 1823. The parents of Mr.
Allison, William L. and Kliza B. (Lewis') Alli-
son, were natives of Kentncivy. His father was
born November 23, 1794, and died in Coles
Count3-, 111., August 21, ISo-t. His mother,
Eliza B. Lewis, was born in Hancock County,
Ky., Feburary 24, I79.'j. His parents removed
to Washington County. Ind., in 1825, where
his mother died November 20, 1831. His
father was in early life a minister in the Meth-
odist Episcopal Conference, but subsequently
began the practice of medicine, which he con-
tinued until his death. In the spring of 1833,
they removed to Illinois, and settled in Coles
County, near where JIattoon now stands. Here
our subject grew to manhood and received the
elements of an English education in schools of
his county. These were what were known as
subscription schools, and were limited to three
mouths each year. For some years previous
to his marriage, he was engaged in farming and
dealing in stock. He was married in Clark
County, March 1, 1847, to Miss Harriet A.
Easton, daughter of Charles and Sarah (Svvear-
enger) Easton. Mrs. Allison was born in Lex-
ington, Ky., March 23, 1S2S. Mr. Allison
TOWE"SHIP.
began life, as before mentioned, as a farmer, in
Coles County about 1844. which ho continued
until 1855, when he removed to Marshall, in
Clark County, and is still a resident of the
place. The first three years of his residence
here he was not activelj- engaged, owing to
physical disability. In 1858. he was appointed
City Marshal. Mr. Allison refers, with some
degree of pride, to the fact that he carried a
hod in the construction of Mr. Dulaney's
dwelling house. In 1802, he formed a partner-
ship with Uriah Manley in the Claim Agency
business, which, in connection with a real
estate agency, he continues still. He was
admitted to practice law JIarch 25, 1803.
Politics, Kepnblican. The3- have six children
living: Anna P]., born March 18, 1850 ; Joseph
L., born October 7, 1851 ; Sarah M., born May
12, 1853; Charles E., born June 12, 1859;
Edgar L., born April 15, 1862 ; Laura M., born
Augi'.st 8, 1807. Family residence on corner
of Hudson and Handy streets.
BURNS ARCHER, County Treasurer, Mar-
shall, is a native of Clark County, 111., born
in York Township, three miles south from Dar-
win. He is a son of Stephen and Nancy (Shaw)
Archer, who settled in this county in 1817.
Subsequently, was educated in the town of
BIOGRAPHICAL:
Marshall, his parents having moved here when
he was eight years old. He was born July 25,
1829. Began business first as a clerk in the dry
goods house of Booth & Greenough, for whom
he worked about two years. Then employed
himself for awhile in teaching public schools.
Afterward worked for Lynn & Reed for six
years, and bought them out in 1861, conduct-
ing the business for one year, when he closed
out. Subject was married in Marshall, Nov-
ember 6, 1851, to Miss Maria Drake, daughter
of Rivers and Elizabeth Drake. She was born
in Virginia September 20, 1827 ; died in
Marshall, July 27, 1855. By that union there
were three children, only one of whom is now
living : Edgar and Emma were born February
18, 1853 ; Cora was born June 8, 1855. Edgar
and Cora Archer died in infancy. Emma is
married to Augustus Markel,ofMarshall,Decem-
ber 1, 1875. Mr. Archer was again married
in Marshall, November 3, 1859, to Mrs. Elea-
nora Em merson, of Ohio. She was born in Can-
ton, Ohio. Subject was for fifteen months
employed as Cashier for Quartermaster Manly,
and settled his G-overnmental affairs at his
death, which occurred in the fall, 1864. Has
served as Revenue Assessor, enumerating
officer of the census of Clark County, 1870.
In January, 1873, at special election, he was
elected Treasurer of Clark County, which posi-
tion he has held for nine years. His official
record is too well known to need further men-
tion in these lines. He is a Republican, and a
member of the Masonic fraternity and Knights
of Pythias.
JOHN M. ARCHER, carpenter, Marshall,
is a native of Clark County, 111. He is the
fourth of a family of eight children of Jesse
and Jane Archer. His father was born in
Warren County, Ohio, July 2, 1799, and came
with his brother to Illinois in 1816. They
came by the way of the Ohio and Waljash
Rivers on keel boats, and made a settlement in
Darwin Township. The entire family of Zaeh-
ariah and Jane Archer came to this county
perhaps in 1817, though the exact date is a
matter of dispute. Here in the wilds the
boys grew to manhood. Jesse married in
Indiana to Miss Jane McDonald. She descends
from a Scotch family, and was born in Knox
County, Ind., 1802. Mr." Archer brought his
bride from her father's home in Indiana to
the "Western wilds on horseback. Jesse Archer
took part in the Black Hawk war in which his
brother, William B., obtained the title of
Colonel. Jesse Archer raised a famil}' of eight
children. John M. Archer was born on Wal-
nut Prairie, in York Township, on the 7th day
of February, 1834. When he was six years old,
his parents moved to what is known as the
" grand turn," where he grew to manhood, and
did not enjoy the benefits of a free school.
When nineteen years old, he began the trade
of carpenter, which he used as a means to
obtain money with which to educate himself
He spent several years in traveling in differ-
ent parts of the United States, but returned to
Marshall in- 1865, and on the Sth day of August
of that year married Miss Maria Smith, of
Ohio. She was born November 14, 1836.
Their family consists of three children, all born
in Marshall. Cora L. was born A'ugust 23,
1869 ; Grace G. was born October 6, 1871 ;
Ernest Archer was born October 4, 1872;
Jesse Archer, father of John M., died at the
old homestead August 6, 1862. The mother
died in Marshall on the 12th of March, 1868.
John M. Archer still follows the business of
contractor and builder, and has built many of
the modern buildings of the city of Marshall.
He is a member of the I. 0. 0. F. Family
residence, corner of Michigan and North street.
IVAN a. BABLOW, teacher, Marshall.
The subject of these lines, Ivan G. Barlow, is
a sou of the late J. Milton Barlow, Sl.D.,
who was for many years a resident of Craw-
ford Coimty. His father was educated for
a physician at the Rush Medical College of
MARSHALL TOWNSHIP.
Cnicago, and began practice at Bell Air, in
Jasper County. Ho afterward located at
Redmond, in Edgai- County, where he prac-
ticed ior about fourteen years. That he
might have the better facility for educating
his children, he removed his family to West-
tield. 111., in 1874. From here he removed
to Eaton, Crawford Count}-, where he fol-
lowed his chosen jarofession until compelled
by ill health to abandon practice, which he
■lid, retiring to' his farm near Martinsville,
111., where he died October 12, 1880. Susan
R. (Rubottom) Bai-low, mother of I. G. Bar-
low, is a native of Indiana. She is a
daughter of Joseph and Elizabeth Rubottom,
the former a native of North Carolina and
the latter of Indiana. Mrs. Bai-low is still
living in the old homestead near Martins-
ville. Subject was born in Jasper County,
111., February 23, 1858; educated principally
at Westfield, where be was qualified for the
position of teacher, which he has acceptably
filled for the past eight years, principally in
Clark County. He is now in his third year
in reading law. He was elected to the ofiice
of Justice of the Peace in Marshall, April 5,
1881, a position held by his grandfather in
this place many years ago. He was married
in Mai'shall, December 6, 1879, to Miss
Hattie Knowlton, daughter of Benjamin
Knowlton, of Massachusetts. She was born
in Terre Haute, Ind., in June, 1859.
WALTEPt BARTLETT, collector, Marshall,
is a son of William and Sarah Bartlott. His
father is a son of John Bartlett, who settled
on the Walnut Prairie in the year 1S17. He
was one of the first men of the town of iMarshall.
William Bartlett wa& born in Clark County,
111., in 1828, and in early life was engaged in
farming ; later, in the milling business, and
afterward as a produce merchant. He was
married in JIarshall, in the year 1854, to ^liss
Sarah McKeen, tlaughter of William and Nancj'
McKeen, and a native of the county. She was
born in the year 1832. They raised a family
of four children, of whom Walter is the oldest.
He was born in Marshall April 10,1855. The
second of the family is Frank Bartlett ; the
third, Mary E. Bartlett, married Charles Ewalt;
and fourth, Sallie Bartlett. Mrs. Sarah Bart-
lett, mother of the subject, died in Marshall on
the nth of May, 1863, and the father died in
same place on the 2(ith of February, 1869.
The Bartlett family is among the oldest of
Clark County, and several of its honored mem-
bers are still residents of the county. Walter
is engaged in an abstract office, and does a
general collection business. He is a member
of JIasonic fraternit)-.
HENRY C. BELL, lawyer, Marshall, is a
native of Clark County, III. He was born in
York Township January 5, 1849. He is a son
of Wiley 0. and Sarah E. Bell. His father is
a native of North Carolina, and was born on
the 16th of March, 1816. Reason Bell, father
of Wiley O. Bell, came to Clark County, III.
in theyear 1819, and settled near the present
site of York, where Wiley 0. grew to manhood
and where H. C. Bell was born. His mother was
a native of Crawford County, III. She is a daugh-
ter of Henry and Jemima Buekner. She was.
born July 25, 1832, and was married to W. O.
Bell on the 1st day of February, 1848. Henry
C. Bell received the elements of an English
education in the common schools, and when in
his sixteenth year, on October, 1864, became a
member of Company K, of Twenty-ninth
Indiana Volunteer Infantry. He participated
in Hood's campaign under Gen. Thomas, and
was mustered out October 29, 1805, at Mari-
etta, Ga. Returning, he gave his attention to
study, and after two terms' work in the com-
mon schools of the county, he became a pupil
in the Westfield College, where he remained for
four years. He afterward attended the Normal
Institute at Carbondale, III. The intervals
between school terms were employed in teach-
c
BIOGRAPHICAL:
ing, and after finishing his sturlies. was for
several years a teacher, daring which time he
improved his opportunities to roaJ hiw. He
read with the firm of Scholfield & AVilkin, but
as a consequence of the election of Scholfield to
the Supreme Judgeship, he entered the office
of Dulanej' & Golden. He was admitted to
practice June 13, 1S75. In July of that year,
he was appointed totlic office of County Super-
intendent of Schools of Clark County, to fill the
vacancy occasioned by the deatli of P. A.
McKane. He entered on the practice of his
profession in 1875, and has since been a mem-
ber of the bar of this county. He is at this
time City Attorney for Marshall, an office to
which he was elected in April, 1882. He is a
member of the Masonic fraternity and Knights
of Honor. Mr. Bell was married in Hudsou-
ville, Crawford County, July 22, 1875, to Miss
Stella Wilhite, daughter of James and Nancy
C. (Cox) Wilhite. She is a native of Crawford
County, 111., and born August 18, 1855. Mrs.
Bell is a member of the Jlethodist Episcopal
Church of Hutsonville. Their fomily consists
of two children, both of whum were born in
Marshall. Their names are as follows : Edna
Bell, born November 25, 1877 ; lloscoe Bell,
born May 2, 1881.
HUBERT BENEDICT, retired, Marshall.
It is a pleasure to chronicle the history of a
man who, by native energy and honest industry,
has stemmed the tide of poverty and adverse
fortune, and come to old age with an unsullied
character and a competence for his declining
years. Such a man is the subject of these
lines, Hubert Benedict, born in Chenango
County, N. Y., on the 28th of November, 1816.
He remained in New York with his parents,
Eliakim and Nancy Benedict, until he was six-
teen years old. At this time he and an elder
brother, in companj- with some emigrants,
came to Huron County, Ohio. When they
arrived there, their earthly store consisted
of the clothes thej- wore and 95 cents,
which was the cash account of Hubert. Armed
with their willing hands and possessed of de-
termined spirits,they sought work in the countv.
Work was soon obtained by Hubert, and he
gave the bank account to his older brother,
who sought employment elsewhere. After two
years' service on the farm, he began driving a
stage team, a work which he followed in Ohio
for several years. He was married in Lancas-
ter, Ohio, on the 24th of April, 1837, to Miss
Nancy Kelley, daughter of Felix and Christina
Kelley. She was born in Ireland, April 25,
1816, and came to the United States with her
parents when she. was fifteen years old. In
1839, they came with ox team to Terre Haute,
Ind., and drove stage from that place to Mar-
tinsville, 111. In 1842, they made their first
residence in Marshall, where they remained
two years, at which time, being made an agent
for the stage line from Terre Haute to Spring-
field, III, he moved to Charleston, 111., but
returned to Marshall in June of 1846. Since
that time, he has been a resident of the place.
In that year, he embarked in the grocery busi-
ness, which he followed verj- successfullj' for
several years. In 1856, his entire property,
consisting of dwelling and two business houses,
was destroj-ed by fire, causing him a loss of
about $5,000. In 1858, he built the present
brick block on the old site, having previously
erected a large dwelling house. He now owns
two farms, besides his extensive cit}' pi'operty.
They have a family of nine children, of whom
six are now living. The eldest, Lyman Bene-
dict, was born March 11, 1839, and died August
6, 1841; Margaret Benedict, born November
12, 1840, and died October 1, 1841 ; Nancy
Benedict, born November 2, 1842, and married
to N. Robinson ; Mary J. Benedict, born Sep-
tember 31, 1844, now the wife of T. J. Golden;
William Benedict, born January- 18, 1846, mar-
ried to Mary Montgomery ; Maggie Benedict,
born August 5, 1848, married to Chester Little-
field ; Josephine Benedict, born April 13, 1850,
MARSHALL TOWNSHIP.
and married to D. Tremble; Melissa Benedict,
born April 18, 1852, and died June 18, 1853 ;
Hubert F. Benedict, born November 26. 1853.
Mrs. Benedict and children are members of the
Catholic Church of Marshall. Hubert Benedict
is a member of the Masonic fraternity.
J. B BENNETT, liquor dealer, Marshall,
is a native of Clark County, III, and was born
on the 7th of May, 1846. He is a son of Will-
iam P. Bennett, so long and favorably known
in this county. His father was born in York State
June 25, 1808, and settled in the township of
York in the pioneer days of this county's his-
tory. Here he was married to Miss Sarah
Botsford. She is a native of Belleville, 111.,
born April 2, 1820. WMlliam Bennett was en-
gaged in farming and milling, and for some
years was the Sheriff of Clark County, and Cir-
cuit Clerk, offices which he filled to acceptance.
He assisted in the apprehending and breaking-
up of the memorable "Birch gang," who for years
■were such a ten-or to this county and adjoining
country. He went to California in 1849, and
after returning was elected to the office of Cir-
■cuit Clerk of Clark County for eight years.
He died in Marshall, where his widow still lives,
on the 17th of July, 1880. They have raised a
family of eight children,of whom one is dead, and
of whom J. B. Bennett is the second. Our sub-
ject was raised in Clark County, III, and edu-
cated in the common schools. In 1872, he be-
gan work for a Cincinnati firm as traveling
salesman, for whom he worked until he opened
business for himself in Marshall in 1882. He
is a member of the Knights of Honor.
WILLIAM T. BESSER, miller, Marshall,
the youngest of a large family born to Bates
and Huldah Besser, was born in York Town-
ship, Clark County, on the 26th day of Oc-
tober, 1842. His father is a native of Switzer-
land, born June 15, 1797, and came to the
United States with his parents when about ten
years old. They settled at Buffalo, N. Y.,
where they resided for several years. When
Bates was seventeen years old, he went to Phil-
adelphia and served an apprenticeship to the
trade of cabinet-maker. He came to Illinois
about 1823 and settled in York Township of
Clark County. Here he was married to Miss
Huldah Holienback, a daughter of Lawrence
Hollenback, one of the pioneers of Clark Coun-
ty. Bates Besser died in York Township Sep-
tember 13, 1855. Mrs. Huldah Besser was a
native of the State of New York, born October
10, 1805, and came to Illinois from that State
with her parents in 1816. She died in Mar-
shall September 9, 1873. William T. Besser
was raised in Clark County, where he received
a common school education. He was married
on the 19th day of April, 1874, to Miss Mary
Craig, daughter of James and Mary Craig, ot
Sullivan County, Ind., where she was born
October 10, 1853. Her father was killed in
battle in the civil war. Their family consists
of a son and daughter, Daniel Besser, born in
Vermillion, Edgar County, January 30, 1875;
Bertha Besser, born in Marshall, Clark County,
August 24, 1880. In 1866, Mr. Besser asso-
ciated himself with A. M. Payne in the milling
business, in the first steam flouring mill of
5Iarshall, known as the "Old Marshall Mill."
This mill burned in 1874, and the two years
following he and his present partner, John
Marvin, were in the milling business in Ver-
million, Edgar County. Returning to Marshall in
1876, he bouglit a one-third interest in the
"Quaker City Mill," which was erected by
Joseph Cork iu 1874. Mr. Besser is a mem-
ber of the Masonic Order and I. 0. 0. F., and
his wife is a member of the Christian Church
of Marshall.
WILLIAM L. BISHOP, merchant, Marshall,
is a native of Crawford County, 111., and was
born on the 20th of May, 1851. His father,
Silas Bishop, was born in 1818, in North Caro-
lina, and came to Illinois with his parents, who
settled in Crawford County in 1830. Here he
grew to manhood, and in 1841 was married to
BIOGRAPHICAL:
Abigail Guyer, daugliter of E. and S. Guyer.
She was born in Crawford County, 111., on the
13th of July, 1820, and still survives. Will-
iam L. Bishop is the fourth of a family of six
children. Besides the common schools of
Crawford County, he enjoyed the privileges of
a course in the Westfield College, after which
he taught school for four years. In 1875, he
embarked in the mercantile trade at Hudson-
ville, and has been in active business since.
He came to Marshall, Clark County, in Octo-
ber, 1880, where he is now doing a flourishing
grocer)' business, and is associated with John
Olwin, of Hudsonville, 111. Mr. Bishop was
married, on the 20th of January, 1880, in Hud-
sonville, to Miss Emma E. Adams. She was
born in Preble County, Ohio, August 31, 1861.
He is a member of the Masonic Order and
K. of H.
HARRISON BLACK, County Clerk, Mar-
shall, is a native of Westlield Township, Clark
County, born July 17, 1838. He is a son of Will-
iam and Zerilda (^ennett) Black, who died
when HaiTison was about two years old. After
the death of his parents, be was cared for by
his grandfather Bennett. He received the
elements of an English education in the com-
mon schools of Clark County. He began the
course in the Marshall College, but gave it up
to become a defender of his country. In 1861,
(May 17), he enlisted in Company H, Twenty-
first Illinois Volunteer Infantrj^ (Capt. Har-
lan), in which he served during the war and
was mustered out as Captain on the 28th of
January, 1866, at Springfield, 111. He partici-
pated in the battles of Perryville, siege of
Corinth, battle of Stone River, Chickamauga
and the Atlanta campaign, Jonesboro, Frank-
lin and Nashville, besides many of less impor-
tance. On the 13th of August, 1857, he was
married, in Clark Count}-, to Miss Lucv R.
Stark, daughter of .Aijen and Amanda Stark.
She was born in Clark Count)-, June 15, 1838,
and died August 8, 1859. After returning
from the war, Mr. Black was married, October
25, 1866, to Miss Emma R. B. Devers, daugh-
ter of John and America Devers, of Clark
County. She was a native of Brown County
Ohio, born August 4, 1847. He has one
daughter as the result of the first marriage
Emma A. Black, born in Clark County June
16, 1858, married to Harry Schultz of Penn-
sylvania. In 1871, he embarked in the drug
business at Martinsville, Clark Co., which busi-
ness he still continues. He was elected to the
office of County Clerk November, 1877, and
re-elected in November, 1882. In politics, he
is Republican, and a member of the Masonic
fraternity.
JOHN K. BLACK, merchant, Marshall.
John K. Black is the second of a family of
eleven children of John A. Black and Nancy
Baird. His parents are yet living, and are
highly respected citizens of Marshall Town-
shiiJ, Clark County. John K. was born Jan-
uary 4, 1848, in Wabash Township, and was
principally reared on the farm, in the mean-
time receiving the advantages of a common,
school education. At the age of seventeen,
he decided to qualify himself for some use-
ful pursuit,' and decided on the trade of har-
ness maker, which he learned with Messrs.
Griffith & Fraker, and at which he worked
until 1874. At this date he engaged in the
produce business, which he continued for
some time with fair success. ^About 1878,
he formed a partnership ivith the late John
Coughlan in the grocery business, which
partnership continued until the failing health
of Mr. Coughlan compelled him to suspend
business, and travel for his health, which h©
did, returning in 1881, when they again
associated themselves in trade, this time in
the poultry business. This partnership con-
tinued until the fall of 1881, when Mr. C.
was again compelled, by loss of health, to
retire from the business. Mr Black then
MARSHALL TOWNSHIP.
formed a partnership with Lyman Lycan, in
the grocery and provision business, which
they have conducted ever since with satisfac-
tory success and increasing trade. They are
located on the southwest corner of Public
Square. Mr. Black was married, September
15, 1868, to Miss Mary Owuby, then of Coles
County, 111. , but a native of Lawrenceburg,
Ind. , where she was born July 7, 1848. She
died February 24, 1875. He was married to
his present wife, Miss Maiy L. Warriner, on
the 1st of March, 1881. She was born June
8, 1857, in Greensburg, Decatui- Co., Ind.
They have one child, a daughter, Ida Elnora
Black, born in Marshall March 6, 1883. Mr.
Black is a member of the Masonic order, and
both he and his wife are honored members of
the Methodist Episcopal Chiu'ch.
DR.'R. H. BRADLEY, physician, Marshall,
is a native of Gallia Couutj-, Ohio. He was
born October 2, 1843. His father, Lewis M.
Bradle3-, was a native of New York, born
August 9, 1805. He came from Ohio to Clark
County, 111., in 1852, and was a resident of the
town of Marshall until the time of his death,
, which occurred March 24, 1880. Nancy C.
Knox, mother of R. H. Bradley, and daughter
of Charles G. Knox, was born in Delaware
August 8, 1808. She was married to Lewis
M. Bradley in Ohio, December 24, 1827. The
Doctor is the seventh of a familj- of ten
children, and was nine years old when he came
to Marshall. Graduated from the Marshall
College in 1860. He began the study of medi-
cine in 1867 under Dr. F. R. Payne, and after-
ward became a student in the Chicago Medical
College, receiving the degree conferred b}- that
institution in March, 1873. He immediately
began what has proven a verj' successful
practice, associated with Dr. F. R. Payne. He
is a regularl}- appointed examining physician
for the Pension department since 1874. He
is also employed as surgeon for the Wabash
R. R. Co., office on Clinton street; residence on
corner of Market and West streets. Mr. Bradley
was married in Coshocton, Ohio^ January 30,
1878, to Miss Isabell Campbell, daughter of
Thomas and Martha Campbell. She was born
at Coshocton, Ohio, October 30, 1848. They
have two children whose name and ages are as
follows: Martha L., born January 2, 1879,
Stephen, born December 10, 1880. Mr. B. is a
member of the Jlasonic Order and Knights of
Honor.
ALLEN BRISCOE, retired, Marshall, is a
native of Jefferson County, Ky. He was born
near Louisville on the 14th d.ay of February,
1832. His lather, Henry Briscoe, is a descend-
ant of an English family, and he was a soldier
in the Revolutionary war. He was born in
Virginia and came from the State of Ken-
tucky to Illinois in 1S35. He settled near
where Westfiekl is located, where he soon .after
died. Catharine Brooks, mother of A. B. Bris-
coe, was of German descent ; she was a native
of Virginia, and died soon after the death of
her husband. Allen B. was thus early in life
left an orphan, but was cared for by the older
members of the family, who kept the children
together. At this time, educational advan-
tages were very inferior, and Mr. Briscoe thinks
that, when all told, he went to school about
one year. He began life for himself by haul-
ing le.ad ore from Galena to Milwaukee. After
some time thus spent, he engaged in stock
dealing for some six or seven years. In 1852,
he was elected to the office of County Clerk of
Clark County, and moved to Marshall in 1853,
and has been a resident of the town ever since.
He was continuously elected to the office of
County Clerk for twenty-four years from fall of
1852. He married, in Marshall, on January 24,
1859, to Miss Slary J. Corey, daughter of Lova
and 3Iartha (Archer) Corey. She was born in
AVinnebago County, 111., July 2, 1837. Her
father was a native of New York, and came to
Illinois about 1820, and is among the very first
10
BIOGRAPHICAL:
settlers of Walnut Prairie. Her mother was a
daughter of Charles K. Archer, and was born
in Knox Count}-, Ind., in 1816, and came to
Illinois with her parents when about one j-ear
old. She was married to Lova Corey in 1830 ;
had a farailj' of ten children, of whom Mrs.
Briscoe is the third. Mr. and Mrs. Briscoe
have a familj- of four children whose names
and ages follow: Carroll Briscoe, born April
12, 18G0; Cora Briscoe, born April 19, 1864;
Walter L. Briscoe, born Maj' 12, 1871; Jean-
nette Briscoe, born Februar}' 5, 1875. The
oldest of these children, Carroll, is now a grocer
merchant in Marshall, having embarked with
H. B. Dulane}' in that business in August of
1882. He is a member of the I. 0. 0. F. Mr.
Briscoe owns a farm in York Township, and
one adjoining the city of Marshall.
THOMAS BROWN, mechanic, Marshall,
was born at Bedale, in Yorkshire, England,
December 8, 1819. His father, John Brown,
and mother, Alice (Kell) Brown, were natives of
England, but descended from a Scotch family.
They died in their native countr}', leaving a
family of nine children, Thomas being the fifth.
He was educated in England and learned the
blacksmith trade under his f;ilher. He came
to the United States in May, 1842, landing at
New York City. In the same year, he located
for work at Queeustown, Canada, where he
plied his trade for a year and a half, when,
having married Margaret J. M<;Donough, of
Stamford, Canada, he removed and settled at
that place. Mrs. Black' is the youngest of a
family of six children of Henry and Elizabeth
McDonough. She was born in Rochester, N.
Y., on the 29th of December, 1827. Thomas
and Margaret Brown have had a family of
fourteen children, only five of them are living
at this time (January, 1883). John F., Millicent,
Elizabeth and Henry T. Brown were born at
Stamford, Canada. The daughters Millicent
and Elizabeth died at same place. The family
then, in 1848, removed to Lockport, N. Y.,
where were born Mary L., Thomas and George
A. Brown, and where Thomas died. The
family came to Marshall in 1854, after which
seven children were added — Julia E., Agnes
A., Harriet Dee., Annette, Jennie, Maggie
and Timothy Brown; of these, Agnes and
Harriet are living. George A. Brown died in
Westfield, 111., on the 18th of January, 1876.
He was a rising physician, and his death was
deeply felt by the family and the community.
Frank is married to Miss Mollie Briscoe,
Henry is married to Miss Jennie Esinger,
Mary is married to E. Tinsman, Agnes is mar-
ried to A. Matthews, and Harriet is married to
George Collins. Mr. Thomas Brown is a mem-
ber of the I. 0. 0. F. and Masonic fraternitj-.
Mrs. Brown's parents were of foreign birth, the
father born on the Isle of Jersey, 1797, and the
mother in Ireland, 179S. The father, Henry
McDonough, is a relative of Commodore Mc-
Donough, and for several years was a member
of the British Regular Army, occupying the
position of Band blaster. After marrying in
Montreal, Canada, he severed his connection
with the army, and removed to Plattsburg, N.
Y., where their two oldest children, Louisa and
Julia, were born. The family then removed to
Sackett's Harbor, where were born three chil-
dren— Mary, Catharine and William H. Mc-
Donough. They then removed to Rochester,
N. Y., where Blrs. Brown was born and where
the father died in 1830. The mother came to
Marshall with Mr. Brown in 1854, but returned
to Stamford, Canada, in 1861, where she died
the 3'ear following.
J. C. BRYAN, retired, Marshall, is a native
of Bourbon County, Ky., and was born July
25, 1828. He is a son of James and Margaret
(Burris) Bryan. In 1830, his parents removed
to Indiana, and settled in Hamilton County,
in the town of Nobleville, where J. C. grew to
manhood, and where in 1842 his father died,
after suffering as an invalid for several years.
J. C. Bryan was thus early thrown upon his
MARSHALL TOWNSHIP.
11
own resources. He began what has been a
very profitable business career as a clerk in
Noblcville, Ind., and afterward at Livingston,
111.; later, at the village of Pniirieton, lud.,
where he was associated with his brother, W.
II. Bryan, in a general store. In January,
1852, he came from the latter-named place to
Marshall, 111. Here, after a clerkship of six
months, he purchased an interest in the store,
which was afterward run in the firm name of
" Ritchie, Hines & Bryan." This partnership
continued about three years. He was then
engaged in running a livery and feed stable.
In 1861, he openedUhe first exclusive hard-
ware store ever started in Marshall, and with
slight exception has been engaged in this busi-
ness until 1870, when he sold out to his sons,
Clarence and William Bryan, and retired from
active business. He is a Democrat, and now
represents the Forty-fifth District in the Gene-
ral Assembly. He was married, October 20,
1853, to Miss Mary J. Shaw, daughter of Nin-
evah and Mary Shaw, of Clark County. She
was born August 12, 1832. They had a family
of four children, all of whom were born in Mar-
shall, Clarence Bryan, born August 29, 1854 ;
William Bryan, born June 19, 1857 ; Albert
Bryan, born February 1, 1863 ; Maggie Bryan,
born February 6, 1871. The two elder named
are the successors of their father, and among
the most active young men in Marshall. Mr.
J. C. Bryan owns two farms, one of 280 acres,
Marshall Township, and one of 253 acres in
Darwin Township. Family residence, on corner
of North and West streets.
• LYMAN BOOTH, merchant, Marshall, is a
native of Washington Count}', Ind., born Jan-
uary 20, 1830, son of Beebe and Hannah
Booth, who for many years have been residents
of Terre Haute, Ind., and still living. Subject
was educated at Salem and Terre Haute, and
began business as a dry goods merchant in
Marshall in the year 1850, and that year erected
the building which lie now occupies, having
done business here for himself for thirty -two
years, besides having done clerical work for
five years for the firm of Booth & Greenough.
This business career renders IMr. Booth so
well knowu that no special mention of ours can
add to his sterling -eputation as a business
man. He is now associated with Greenough
in the dry goods and clothing business on
corner of Market and Hamilton streets. Sub-
ject was married January 12, 1852, to Miss
Fayette Whitlock, daughter of James and
Eliza A. Whitlock. She was born in Yandalia,
Fayette County, September 3, 1832. They
have a family of six children, three of whom
are living. Politics, Republican, and a member
of the I. 0. 0. F.
EDWIN BOOTH, lumber dealer, Marshall,
is a son of Lyman and Fayette A. Booth. He is
the second of a family of six children, and was
born in Marshall December 30, 1858. He was
.educated in the common schools of Marshall,
and obtained a practical knowledge of business
by several years' experience with his father.
In 1878, he took charge of a lumber yard for
John A. Whitlock, and managed the business
for him for one year, at the end of which he
became the owner and proprietor of the yard,
where he now has a supply of everything in
his line which the market can demand. He is
one among the active young business men of
Marshall who have wisely begun life on a tem-
perance basis. He was married, December 14,
1881, to Miss Kate L Harlan, daughter of
Cyrus and Julia Harlan. She was born in
Marshall June 3. 1859. Their family residence
is on the corner of Hamilton and Daviess
streets.
SiVMUEL A. "BURNER, physician, Marshall,
is a native of Licking County, Ohio. He was
born February 13, 1838. His parents were
Abraham and Barbara Burner. His father was
born in Shenandoah County, Va., on the 8th
of October, 1799. From that place he came
to Ohio wheu eighteen vears old, and on March
13
BIOGRAPHICAL:
21, 1819, was married to Miss Barbara
Stover. In 1845, lie came with his family to
lUiuois and settled in Crawford County, where
he followed farming until his death, which
occurred in 1877. Mrs Barbara Burner was
also a native of Shenandoah County, Va.,
bom July 22, 1798. She died in Crawford
County, III, April 11, 1855. The Doctoris the
ninth of a family of ten children. He was
educated principally in Marshall College, and
read medicine under Drs. Brengle and Meserve,
of Robinson, Crawford County. He attended
lectures at the Rush Medical College of Chicago.
He began the practice of his profession at Por-
tersville. 111. Afterward was located at Robin-
son for six years, during which time he was
the regularly appointed jMedical Examiner for
the pension bureau, and four years of which
time he served Crawford County as Superin-
tendent of Schools. Since 1874, he has been
practicing in Marshall. He was married in
Crawford County, 111., May 18, 18G5, to Miss
Sarah Kirk, daughter of James and Keziah
Kirk. She is a native of Ohio, and was born
November 19, 1838, and died in Robinson, of
consumption, April 2, 1871, leaving one child
named Clitfe Burner, who died at the age of
seven months. His present wife. Miss Drue
Sutton, is a daughter of Samuel and JIatilda
Sutton, and was born in Fayette County, Ind.,
May 18, 1838. They were married April 7,
1874. They have a family of two children —
Ethel L. Burner, born in Marshall August 28,
1875 ; Clarence Burner, born in Marshall
March 16, 1879. Mr. Burner and wife are
members of the Methodist Episcopal Church of
Marshall.
THOMAS W. CLARK, express agent, Mar-
shall, was born in Highland County, Ohio, on
the IGth day of July, 1846. His father, John
Clark, was a native of Ross County, Ohio, and
was born July 12, 1822. His mother, Sarah
E. Dunlap, was born in Highland County,
Ohio, November 28, 1821, and was married to
John Clark January 17, 1843. They removed
to Illinois in October, 1852, and settled in
Marshall, but for several j-ears past have re-
sided at Livingston. They have had a family
of seven children, of whom Thomas' W. Clark
is the second, and of whom six are living.
Thomas received the elements of an education
in the common schools of Clark Countj', but
at the age of sixteen he enlisted in the army
and went to bear a part in the struggle for na-
tional Union. He was a member of Company
H, of the Seventieth Illinois Infantry, until the
end of the term of enlistment, when he joined
the One Hundred and Fifteenth Indiana Regi-
ment, Company H. From this he was dis-
charged on the 25th of February, 1864, when
he immediately enlisted in Company H, of the
First Indiana Heavy Artiller3-. He was Anal-
ly discharged on the 10th of January, 1866.
He participated in more than 100 days of
fighting, through which he received no injur}-.
After returning home, he worked at the trade
of shoe-maker, which he had learned previous
to his enlistment. This he followed for some
years in Livingston, where he was married
January 17, 1872, to Miss Sarah J. Ball,
daughter of Daniel M. and Elizabeth A. Ball.
She was born in Muskingum Count}-, Ohio,
March 12, 1852. The}- have a family of four
children, all of whom were born in Clark Coun-
ty'. Their names are as follows; Robert H.
Clark, Lillian M. Clark, Ernest Clark and Wil-
ber F. Clark. Mr. Clark came to Marshall in
1876, and in May of the following year he wa
appointed agent for the American Bxpress
Company, which office he now occupies. He
is also dealing in agricultural implements.
Store and office ou south side of Main street,
corner of Franklin. He is a member of the
Masonic Order and Secretary of the Marshall
Chapter. In politics, he is Republican.
THOMAS W. COLE, cashier of Clark Coun-
ty Bank, Marshall, was born in Switzerland
Count}', Ind., on the 1st of December, 1828.
MARSHALL TOWNSHIP.
13
He received a common school education in his
native State. He came to Clark Count}', 111.,
in 1852, and in 1854 entered the Circuit Clerk's
office as Deputy, which position he continued
to hold until 18C0. He was elected to the of-
fice of Circuit Clerk in 1860, and served in
that capacity acceptably for twelve years. In
1872, in connection with Hamilton Sutton, he
started the present abstract office, from which
he retired in 1877, and was again appointed
Deputy Circuit Clerk, in which position he re-
mained until 1882 (May), when he was induced
to accept the position of cashier of the Clark \
County Bank, which he now occupies. His
father, Thomas Cole, was a native of Delaware,
which State he left with his parents while
quite young. His parents settled in Union
County, Penn. In 1815, they removed to
Vevay, Switzerland Co., Ind., where he grew to
manhood and resided until 1852, when he re-
moved to Clark County, 111. He died April
2, 1879, aged seventy-sis years. Kuanna
(Littlefleld) Cole, mother of our subject, was
born on the 12th of July, 1800, and still sur-
vives. His grandfather, Daniel Cole, was a
soldier in the war of 1812, and participated in
Perry's victory. His great-grandfather, Cuth-
bert Cole, was a native of Ireland, and a Cap-
tain in the Revolutionary war. Our subject
was married on the 9th of June, 1853, to Miss
Susan Merriman, whose father was a native of
Pennsylvania and came to Ohio County, Ind.,
at an early day, and engaged in merchandising
most of his life. He was an active member of
the Methodist Episcopal Church and leader of
the same class for fifty years. IMrs. Cole was
born in Indiana August 13, 1829. They have
one son, Aaron P. Cole, and lost a daughter in
infancy.
JOHN COUGHLAN, or, as he was more
familiarly known among his friends (and
they were legion), "Johnny" died at the resi-
dence of Mr. Darius Legore, in this city,
about eight o'clock Saturday evening, March
10. Though deceased had not been in robust
health for a number of years, the sickness
from which he died was of comparatively
recent origin, and his death quite sudden and
unexpected. Only two weeks ago yesterday,
he walked up to the Treasurer's office, and
remained some time transacting some busi-
ness, though the effort proved very exhaust-
ing to him, and possibly hastened his death.
The physicians call the disease scrofulous
meningitis of the brain. Mr. Coughlan was
thirty years of age. He was born, we believe
in Paris, Ky. , and moved to Marshall with
his parents when quite young. An older
brother James was an officer on the staff of
Gen. J. D. Cox, and was killed during the
war and buried in Paris, Ky. After the
war, the mother longed to be near- the grave
of her " darling Jimmy." and the family
moved back to Kentucky, to gratify her.
The father died, and some time, 1868 to
1870, John and his mother returned to Mar-
shall, bought property and settled down here
for life. In 1873, John was employed by G.
A. Hippard, in his dry goods store, and re-
mained in his employment until about 1878.
During this time, his genial disposition,
prompt business habits and patient industry
had won for him the confidence and esteem
of his employer, and the good will of all who
knew him ; while by carefully improving his
leisure hoiu's, he had mastered the subject of
accoiints and become an accomplished book-
keeper. A good opening offering in the
Clark County Bank, Mr. Hippai'd, though
loth to part with him, cordially recommended
him for the position, which he accepted and
filled with honor for about three years, keep-
ing Mr. Hippard' s books also for thirteen
months of the time. His mother died in De-
cember, 1874, and in September, 1876, he
was married to Miss Carrie Legore, eldest
daughter of Darius Legore. Close confine-
14
BIOGRAPHICAL:
ment to his work, seemed to be preying upon
his health, and in the hope of improving it,
he left the bank, and went into the grocery-
business with J. K. Black. Not experiencing
the desired improvement, he went to Texas
in the fall of 1880, and returned in March,
1881, much improved in health and spirits.
He again formed a partnership with J. K.
Black, but this time they engaged in the
poultry business, which they prosecuted quite
successfully till the fall of 1881. In No-
vember of that year, he went to Florida for
his health, whence he returned in May, 1882.
much improved. He was nominated for
County Treasurer, by the Democrats, in -July,
and elected by a large majority in the follow-
incr November. He conducted the canvass in
an honorable, dignified way, stooping to
none of the trickeries of the mereotlice-seeker,
and won the esteem even of his opponents,
by his straightforward coiirse and manly
bearing. He was a faithful member of the
Catholic Church of this place, and highly
esteemed by his pastor. Father Kuhlman.
The funeral services were conducted by
Father Kuhlman, in the Catholic Church, and
were attended by a large concourse of peo-
ple, all bearing witness, by their presence, to
the high place he held in the estimation of
those who knew him. He was buried, by his
own request, in the family- grounds in the
cemetery north of the town. Of his own
family, three sisters yet siuwive him, all liv-
ing in Kentucky. These, and his son-owing
wife, all have the warmest sympathies of the
entire community, in their bereavement. —
Marshall Hemld. March V.i, 1883.
JOHN R. CROSLEY, farmer, P. O. Mar-
shall, the subject of these lines, is a native of
Brown County, Ohio, born February 9, 1826.
His father, Moses Crosley, was also a native of
the same county, and was born July 11, 1800.
He died in his native county on the 8th of
May, 1830. His mother, Nancy (Hause) Cros-
ley, descended from a Kentucky family and
was born November 2, 1804. She was mar-
ried to Moses Crosley January 2, 1823. Sbe
died in Ross County, Ohio, February 22, 1856.
When our subject was fifteen years old, hia
parents moved to Ross County, Ohio, his
mother having married to Lemuel Tweed July
16, 1840. Mr. Crosley learned the tailor's
trade under his step-father, but has not followed
it closely. He was a soldier in the Mexican
war, serving in Scott's Division. After re-
turning home, lie went by wagon to the State of
Iowa, and in company with his brother, Moses
Crosley, crossed the plains to Calilbrnia in the
spring of 1850. He was there about seven
years, during vvhich time he was fairly success-
ful in business of a general nature. He re-
turned to Ross County, Ohio, in 1857, and was
married, on the 24th of December of that year,
to Miss Amanda Rockhold, of Ross County,
Ohio. She died in Ohio while on a visit, on
April 21, 1861. By this union there were two
children, Eureka and Julia A. Crosley, both of
whom died in infancy. On the 6th of April,
1864, he was married to Miss Maiy A. Falley,
daughter of Samuel L. and Abigail (Damon)
Fallev. Mrs. Croslej- was born in York Town-
ship, ot this county, February 20, 1841.
Her fatheV died in Marshall on the 9th of July,
1850. Her mother still survives and is living
in Marshall. Mr. Crosle^'s family consists of
three sons — William H., born Januaiy 1, 1865;
Elijah R., born December 13, 1869; John R.,
Jr., born March 30, 1874. They have a fine resi-
dence on 3Iichigan street and a farm of 200
acres in Section 8 of Wabash Township.
JOHN G. DOLSON. furniture, Marshall,
is a son of David H. and Amanda M. (Handy)
Dolson, and was born in Clark County, 111.,
December 29, 184U. His father was perhaps
the fu-st white child born in Clark County,
though this honor is claimed by others. He
was born on the 29th day of August, 1818.
MARSHALL TOWNSHIP.
15
Amanda Handy, mother of our subject, was
bom in Clark County, January 10, 1820.
She was married to David H. Dolson, March
26, 184S, and died August 28, 185;^. D. H.
Dolson died February 5, 1877. He was a
soldier in the Mexican war and took part in
its most desperate conliicts. He went to Cal-
ifornia in 1849 and engaged for some three
years in mining, and afterward bought a
farm in York Township, of Clark County,
where he spent the remainder of his life.
John G. Dolson was educated in the common
schools of Clark County, at Westtield and the
State Normal University. He went to Cali-
fornia in 1871, where for six years he en-
gaged in stock-raising and farming. He was
married in that State, February 9, 1870, to
Miss Emma Falor, daughter of M. J. and
Catherine Falor, of California. She was
bora in Humboldt County, Cal., on the 1st
day of May, 1856. They have two daughters)
both born in Marshall, 111. —Clara Dolson,
born June 22, 1880; Vannie Dolson. born
April 9, 1882. In November, 1879, Mr.
Dolson came to Marshall and engaged in the
livery business with Howard Harlan, in
which he continued until August. 1882, when
he embarked in the furniture and undertaker
trade, associated with Zach T. Dolson, in
which he still continues. He is a Re{)ub-
lican, and in 1879 was elected to represent
York Township in the County Board. He is
the present Mayor of Marshall.
RICHARD N. DAVIDSON, farmer, P. O.
Marshall, is a son of John and Paulina
(Fears) Davidson, of whom mention is made
in another sketch on these pages. He is the
second of a family of eight childi-en, and was
born in Clark County, 111., on Walnut Prairie,
June 12, 1833. He was educated in the com-
mon schools of this county, and was raised to
the pi;rsuit of farming, which he followed
until the breaking-out of the war in 1801,
when, in August, he enlisted in Company K,
of the First Missouri Cavalry, in which he
served for the full term of his enlistment.
He was discharged in September, 1864, hav-
ing participated in all the active service of
his regiment. In politics, he is a Repub-
lican, and is a member of the Masonic frater-
nity. He was appointed to the office of
Deputy Circuit Clerk of Clark County in
1872, and served acceptably for live years.
He was married on the 5th of July, 1877, to
Miss Barbara J. Watson. She is a daughter
of William and Sarah A. Watson. Her
father was born in Ii-eland August 12, 1799,
and came to the United States when eighteen
years old. He located in Maryland, where,
on the 21st day of December, 1820, he was
married to Miss Sarah A. Kennedy. Mr.
Watson was by trade a civil engineer, and as-
sisted in the survey and construction of the
National road which brought them to Illi-
nois and Clark County, in 1837. They af-
terward settled where subject now lives, and
where they both died — the mother on Sep-
tember 20, 1840, and the father on the 6th
of March, 1870. Mr. and Mrs. Davidson
have one son — William G. Davidson, born
December 2, 1878. They own a farm of 160
acres in Section 19 of Wabash Township,
one of 120 acres in Section 12 of Marshall
Township, besides forty acres of timber-land
in Wabash Township. Mrs. Davidson is a
member of the Presbyterian Church of Mar-
shall.
DANIEL J. DAVIDSON, harness-maker,
Marshall, is a son of John and Paulina Da-
vidson. He was born in Clark County, 111.,
November 8, 1839. His father, John Da-
vidson, was born in Pennsylvania (Allegheny
County), January 2, 1805, and came to Vigo
County, Ind., with his parents, Archibald
and Elizabeth (Williams) Davidson. He was
married on Walnut Prairie, Clark County,
1(5
BIOGRAPHICAL:
January 2, 1831, to Miss Paulina Fears,
daughter of Ai-chibald and Nancy Fears, who
came from Kentucky and settled in Clark
County in 1829. Mrs. Paulina Davidson
was born in Kentucky on the 19th day of
March, 1812. Mr. Davidson followed farm-
ing on the Walnut Prairie until the time of
his death, which occm-red March 22, 1846.
His wife still survives him and resides with
Daniel J. Davidson. They had a family of
six children, of whom Daniel J. is the third,
and of whom but three are now living — Dan-
iel, being raised on the farm, followed this
line of labor until 1867. December 25, 1 862,
he married Miss Anna Sanford, daughter of
Anderson and Emeline Sanford. She died
November 20, 1863, in her eighteenth year.
Mr. Davidson was married to Miss Abbie A.
Smith on the 11th of March, 1875. She is a
native of Ohio, and daughter of George and
Mary Smith. She was born March 27, 1851.
They have a family of four childi-en whose
names and ages ai-e as follows: Lillie Da-
vidson, born December 6, 1875; William R.
Davidson, bom September 2, 1877; George
Davidson, born February 16, 1879; John D.
Davidson, born April 27, 1882. Mr. David-
son moved to Marshall in December, 1872,
where he still lives. He is engaged in the
harness business, and since October, 1882,
has beeu agent for the American Express
Company. He is a Democrat, and from 1872
to 1880 was Clerk of the Circuit Court of
Clark County. He is a member of the Ma-
sonic fraternity and of the I. O. O. F.
HENRY M. DEMPSTER, mechanic, Mai--
shall, was born in Muskingum County, Ohio,
on the 1st of May, 1834. His father, John
P. Dempster, was born in Virginia in 1806,
and when a child came with his parents to
Ohio, where he grew to manhood. While
a young man he retm-ned to Virginia and
learned the trade of blacksmith, at which he
worked till coming to this county, in 1853.
He was married in Zanesville, Ohio, to Mrs.
Elizabeth Wilson, widow of John B. Wil-
son, of Ohio. She was born in 1800, and
was a daughter of Isaac Shimer, and was
married to John P. Dempster in 1833. Mr.
Dempster has four childi'en, of whom Henry
M. is the eldest. AVhen he came to Clark
County in 1853, he settled on Big Creek, in
Wabash Township, and here his wife died.
Some years later, he moved near the river in
the southern part of Wabash Township,
where he died in March, 1874. Our svibject
learned the trade of blacksmith under his
father's instruction, and has followed it con-
tinuously ever since. He was for some time
during the war in the employ of the Govern-
ment as a mechanic. He is now running a
shop on Michigan street, Marshall. Mx.
Dempster was married in Marshall in Sep-
tember, 1857, to Miss Margaret Drake,
daughter of John and Elizabeth Drake. She
was born in Clark County, 111., on the 10th
of May, 1836. Their family consists of four
children, of whom two are deceased — William
Dempster, deceased; Ada Dempster, married
to William Brannon; Anna Dempster, de-
ceased,- and Maggie Dempster. Mr. and
Mrs. Dempster are members of the Methodist
Episcopal Church of Marshall.
N. B. DEVOL, physician, Marshall, is a
native of Spencer County, Ky., born March
11, 1831. He is a son of Gideon and Frances
Devol, who came to Indiana from Kentucky
when N. B. whs a small boy. He is the sec-
ond of a family of six children, and was
raised and educated in Vigo County, Ind.
In 1861, he enlisted as a member of the
Fourteenth Indiana Regimental Band, in
which he remained about nine months. Be-
ing a practical gunsmith, he was afterward
employed by the Government, at Springfield,
Mo., in repairing firearms. Mr. Devol began
^^^^^>^2j^ rfc^^^-c
^^^^
MARSHALL TOWNSHIP.
19
life as a blacksmith, at which he worked about
ten years before learning the trade of gun-
smith. He is a natural machinist, being able
to construct almost any kind of machinery at
■will, and as an evidence of his handiwork, in
his dental rooms may be seen a perfect mini-
ature steam-engine, which he has made, and
which he uses fi'eely in his business. He is
now a practical dentist, having studied his
profession under Dr. T. C. Poston. He was
married, January 21, 1855, to Miss Martha
Howell, of Marshall. She died in Marshall on
March 8, 1869, leaving a family of three chil-
dren— Frances, Mary and Martha Devol. Mr.
Devol's present wife was Mrs. Lydia Weather-
wax, widow of Charles Weatherwax. They
were married December 13, 1870, and have
one son named Harry B. Devol.
JOHN DOHERTY, merchant, Marshall, is
a native of Canada, and was born in Quebec
about 1830, though the exact date is unknown,
owing to the destruction of the family record
in the great Quebec fire of 1842. He is a
son of Thomas and Margaret A. Doherty.
His pai'ents are of Irish birth, and came to
Canada about 1828. where they have since
lived. The mother, however, died jn Quebec
in 1838. Mr. John Doherty was educated in
Canada and came to the United States in
1848, and then settled in Cincinnati, Ohio.
He here followed his trade, that of baker,
and has followed the same line of business
ever since. He was married, September 8,
1853, to Miss Margai-et Hall, of Canada.
She was bom in 1835, and died in Marshall
in 1875. They have a family of sis children,'
two of whom (Emma and Thomas) are dead.
Those living are Luelia, James, Willie
and Birdie C. Doherty. Mr. Doherty came
to Marshall in 1872, from Edgar County, 111.,
and has been since engaged in a bakery and
confectionery store on south side of Cumber-
land street. His son, James Doherty, has a
similai- business on north side of Cimiberland
street.
DANIEL D. DOLL, merchant, Marshall,
is a native of Clark County, 111., born at
Darwin, November 2, 1848. His parents,
Stephen R. and Lucinda Doll, are remem-
bered among the eai-ly pioneers of this coimty.
Stephen Doll was born in Stark County,
Ohio, May 8, 1819, and came with his parents
to Clark County when a boy. They settled
at Darwin, where he grew to manhood and
married May 27, 1845. About 1851, he
came to Marshall, where, until 1869, he was
engaged in the mercantile ti-ade, in which he
was very successful. He was appointed,
dm-ing the war, by the Government, as Col-
lector of Revenue. He died in Marshall on
the 27th of September, 1873. Lucinda Bid-
lecome, mother of D. D. Doll, was a native
of Kentucky, and daughter of Asher D. and
Lucretia Biddlecome, and came to Clark
County, 111., with her parents when a small
girl. She was born in Kentucky May 4,
1825, and died at Marshall November 4,
1861. D. D. Doll is the oldest of a family
of two children, having one sister, Euuna C,
who is married to ili-. Hami Iton Sutton. He
was educated in the public school of Marshall
and at Westfield College. In 1869, he em-
barked in the grocery and provision business
with Stephen L. Bradley, and still continues
under the firm name of Bradley & Doll.
They are located on Main street, north of
public square, Marshall. jMi-. Doll was mar-
ried in Mai-shall, February 16, 1876, to Miss
Belle Littlefield.daxighter of John and Amelia
Ltttletield. Slie is a native of Clark County,
born in Marshall March 11, 1855. Their
family consists of a sou and a daughter,
named as follows: Lewis J. Doll, born in
Marshall March 12, 1880; Emma Doll, born
in Marshall August 24, 1882.
ROBERT L. DULANEY, banker, Mar-
20
BIOGKAPHICAL:
shall. The subject of these linos is a native
of Loudoun County, Va., son of Zachariah
and Mary E. (Braden) Dulaney. His mother
dying when he was quite young, caused the
dissolution of the family, and Robert was
placed with an uncle, Woodford Dulaney, who
was then a merchant at York, Clark County.
He thus early learned the elementary prin-
ciples of business. When the Black Hawk
war broke out, his uncle enlisted as a Lieu-
tenant, leaving Eobert the entire control of
the store, He was then about twelve years
old. He received the elements of an Eng-
lish education in the common schools of Clark
County, and completed his studies at the
Bloomington University of Indiana. After
leaving this school, he began reading law un-
der Judge J. Harlan (1840), took a law course
at Transylvania University, Kentucky, was
admitted in 1843, and then began his prac-
tice, which has continued for about thirty-
six years; retiring from the law in 1879. Since
retiring from the legal practice, he has engaged
in a general banking business at Marshall,
bank on Hamilton street, north of P. S. ; resi-
dence, corner of Franklin and Murray streets.
Our subject was man-ied December 24,
1850, in Marshall, to Miss Elizabeth E.
Bartlett, daughter of John and Jane Bart-
lett. She was born September 3, 1833,
in Portland, Ind., and died in Marshall, May
31, 1882. They have a family of seven chil-
dren living, whose names are as follows (^all
born in Marshall) : Charles W. Dulaney, born
January 5, 1854, married December 5, 1882,
to Miss Mollie K. Rice, of Kentucky; Harry
B., born June 14, 1856, married Novem-
ber 24, 1882, to Miss Sallie E. Birch, of
Terre Haute, Ind. ; Nellie B., born December
3, 1858; Mary Lida, born August 31, 1864;
Hector B., born December 19, 1860; Robert
W., born January 1, 1867; and Elizabeth Ce-
cil, born October 10, 1869. Our subject was
an Old-Line Whig, and has adhered to the
principles of Republicanism through his en-
tire life; he has always refused the honors of
office. He has, however, served under the
appointment of the Governor of Illinois, and
was one of the Commissioners appointed by
Gov. Beveridge to locate the Institution for
the Feeble Minded. He was appointed by
Gov. Cullum one of the Commissioners of the
Sate Penitentiary at Joliet, April 1, 1877,
and has been President of the board ever since.
EDWARD EMERSON, miller, Marshall.
The subject of these lines, Edward Emerson,
is of a New England family, born in New
Hamfishire on the 1st of April, 1844. His
father, Isaiah Emerson, was born in Vermont
in 1811, and died in New Hampshire in 1861.
His mother, Elizabeth P. (Bean) Emerson,
was a native of New Hampshire, born in 1820,
and died in that State in April, 1881. Ed-
ward is the oldest of a family of seven
children, and grew to manhood in his native
State. He graduated'from the Kimball Union
Academy in 1867, and in the fall of the same
year he came to Illinois. He engaged in
teaching school near Charleston, 111., during
the winter of 1867-68, coming to Marshall,
Clark County, in the spring of 1868. Here,
for three years, he was employed in teaching,
and was here married, March, 1870, to Miss
Alice Doll, daughter of Stephen Doll, of
Marshall. She was born in Marshall, and
died there in 1871. As a result of this
union, there is one daughter — Kate May Em-
erson. Mr. Emerson was married to Miss Mary
"F. Porter on the lOth of June,' 1875. She is a
daughter of Lemuel and Phcebe Porter, of
Carthage, Ind., where she was born. Lem-
uel Porter was bom in Ohio in 1817, and
died in Indiana in 1869. Phebe (Brosius)
Porter was born in Virginia in 1823, and is
still living. They have a family of foiu-
sons — Daniel, born April 30, 1876; Robbie,
.MAK8I1AI>L TOWNSHIP.
21
born August 30, 1877, and died October 1,
1882; Bennie, bom July 31, 1879, and died
September 16, 1880; Biu-dette, born April 14,
1881. From October, 1871, to April, 1882, ili-.
Emerson was employed as book-keeper and
salesman in the store of Bradley and Doll.
He is now associated with Mr. John R. Archer
in the grain trade. He is a member of the
I. O. O. F. , and for several yearn has per-
formed the office of Cit)- Clerk: politics, Re-
publican.
ABEL ENGLISH, Marshall. Among the
pioneer settlers of Marshall Township is the
family of Abel and Mai'garet English, both of
whom are natives of New Jersey. Abel English
was born in 1797. grew to manhood, married,
and lived there until 1835. He was maiTied
March 6, 1819, to Miss Mai'garet Babcock.
She was bom June 17, 1801. In 1835, they
removed "West and located for two years in
Indiana, coming to Illinois in 1837. They
settled in Marshall Township, two miles north
of Marshall. Mr. English was local minister
in the Methodist Episcoj^al Church, and was
the leading spirit in the organization of the
lii-st society ever organized in Marshall. The
influence of his life and molding of his
plastic hfind are still felt and seen in the
community in which he lived. He died on
the 11th of November, 1844, and is buried in
the Livingston Cemetery. Mrs. Margaret
English sui'vived him about twelve years, and
died at the old homestead on the 2d of March,
1857. Isaac English is tlfe second of the
family of thirteen childi-en, of whom but six
are still living. He was born in New Jersey
on the 20th day of September, 1821, and was
sixteen years old when the famih' came to
Illinois. He became a member of the fu'st
Methodist Episcopal society of Marshall, and
assisted in the preparing and hauling the
material for the Urst church built in the town.
He was married in Marshall, Februaiy 29,
.1.844, to Miss Sarah E. Black, daughter of
John and Sarah Black, who came to Clark
County in 1839. They were of Irish birth,
married on the 4th of February, 1813. They
had a family of seven children, of whom Mrs.
Ensrlish is the voungest. John Black was
born December 25, 1785, and died in Mar-
shall, 111., October 1, 1865. S Jah (Cooper)
Black was born January 17, 1788, and died
in Marshall April 8, 1868. Sarah E. English
was born near Zanesville, Ohio, February 2,
1827. They have raised a family of twelve
children, the oldest of whom is dead. Martha
A. English was born Januaiy 7, 1846, and
was married to Mr. Huston, of Terre Haute,
where she died September 28, 18S2; John"
A. English, born August 21, 1847, mar-
ried to -Marietta Clemmins: Mary E. English,
born May 28, 1850; Sarah M. English, born
April 4, 1852, and maii-ied to John Grisham;
James G. English, bom November 11, 1^53,
married to Katie Barnett; Isaac W. English,
born December 29, 1856; Warden B. English,
born Febmary 20. 1859; Charles T. English,
born December 29, 1861 ; Robert B. English,
born December 6, 1863; Carrie C. Jjinglish,
born September 1, 1869; Edwin P. English,
born August 12, 1871.
JACOB FARR, County Sheriff, Marshall,
was born in Vigo County, Ind., May 14, 1849.
He is a son of Jehu and Eliza FaiT, who came
to Clark County, Hi., early in the settlement
of Wabash Township. Jehu Farr was a native
of Fayette County, Penn., born in 1811. He
was married in Vigo County, Ind., July 23,
1837, to Miss Eliza A. Sturgis. She is a daugh-
ter of John Stm-gis, of Indiana born 1818.
They have raised a family of eight childi-en, of
whom J acob is the fourth. He was princi
pally raised in Clark County and educated in
the common schools of same, and by trade a
farmer. He was maiTied, September 14, 1882,
I to Miss Lena R. Setzer. daughter of John
2'.
BTOGRAPHICAL:
Setzer, of Wabash Township, where she was
bora December 17, 1858. In 1882, Novem-
ber 7, Mr. Farr was elected to the office of
Sheriff of Clark County, on the Republican
ticket. He owns a farm of 120 acres, in Sec-
tion 19, of Wabash Township. He is a mem-
ber of the Masonic fraternity and Knights of
Honor.
O. B. FICKLIN, Jr., lawyer, Marshall, is
the youngest of three sons of O. B. Ficklin,
Sr., who, for over fifty years, has been a
prominent lawyer, and a resident of Charles-
ton, 111. ■ His father was born in Kentucky
in 1807, and came to Illinois in 1828 ; was
admitted to the bar in the same year. In
1834, he was elected to the State Legislature,
and continued a member of that body for
several years. He was a Member of Con-
gress from 1850 to 1860, and his record needs
no comment here. Lizzie H. Colquit. mother
of our subject, is a native of Georgia, and
daughter of Hon. W. T. Colquit, for many
years a Senator from Georgia. Her brother,
Alfred H. Colquit, is present Governor of
Georgia, and Senator-elect of that State.
O. B. Ficklin, Jr., was boi'n in Douglas
County, 111., April 25, 1859, and was princi-
pally raised in Charleston, 111. Here
he obtained the rudiments of an edu-
cation, and afterward graduated from
the Franklin College, of Athens, Ga.
In the fall of 1877, he entered the Law De-
partment of the Bloomington Wesleyan Uni-
versity, and received the degree conferred by
that institution in 1879. In 18S0. having at-
tained his majority, he was admitted to prac-
tice, and located at Marshall, 111., where he
is now practicing. He was married at
Charleston in July, 1879, to Miss Mary
Wright, daughter of W. G. Wright, of
Charleston. She was bom in Charleston,
October, 1861. They have two children —
Joseph C. Ficklin, born in Marshall April 5,
1881; Mary C. Ficklin, born in Marshall
November 12, 1882.
M. O. FROST, editor Herald, Marshall,
was born November 22, 1837, in Buffalo, N.
Y. His father, Aaron Frost, was born May
2, 1806, in Fjufield, Conn., and his mother,
Jane McRoR, was born December 7, 1809, in
Coventry, Eng. The greater j^ortion of our '
subject's first seven years was spent in Brad-
ford County, Penn. In 184-1, his parents
removed to Cincinnati, Ohio, where he re-
ceived a limited education, and at the age of
eleven he entered the business office of the
Cincinnatus of the West, serving as errand
boy. Here he formed a love for the printing
business. While conveying copy to the print-
ers he would watch them set type, thus ob-
taining something of the art. When thir-
teen, he was ap)prenticed to the proprietors
of the Cincinnali Atlas, which piiblication
was merged into the Cincinnati Gazette,
within about two years, and Mr. Frost was
set aside. He then engaged at any kind of
work he could obtain, until 1850, when he
ao-ain 20t a situation on the Cincinnati
dailies. In 1853, he moved with his mother
to Batavia, Ohio, where for five years he was
conne.cted with the Clermont Courier, the
greater portion of which time as business
manager and foreman. In 1859, he pub-
lished the Felicity Herald, at Felicity, Ohio,
from which he withdrew in one year, and be-
gan the publication of the Daily Hotel Re-
poiier, Cincinnati. This he continued with
srood success until the firing on Ft. Sumter,
which struck such a terror to the hearts of
the Cincinnati merchants that there was no
business in any one, hence, his literary ef-
forts were not very paying to him. In July,
1861, he enlisted as a private, and was sent
to St. Louis with a squad of men, and was
subsequently attached to the Tenth Missouri
Infantry, he being assigned to the rank of
MAUSUALL TOWXSHir.
23
First Sergeant of Company D, in which ca-
pacity he served for twenty-seven months,
when, after the siege of Vicksburg, he was
commissioned First Lieutenant of Company
E. He was in several skirmishes in North-
eastern Missouri daring the winter of 1860-
01 : was in the siege of Corinth, battles of
luka, Raymond, Jackson, Champion Hills,
Black Kiver, forty-seven days in the siege of
Vicksburg, Mission Eidge. and a number
more of small battles and skirmishes. He
was mustered out with the regiment at St.
Louis, October 10, 1864. From 1804 to
1868, he held a position on the Cincinnati
Commercial. In July, 1868, he came to
Marshall with material preparatory to starting
a Eepublican paper. Here he met with many
discouragements. The opposite part}' pre-
dominated and the many attempts to estab-
lish a journal of said political complexion
having as often failed, the leaders of the Re-
publicans had lost all courage and were
averse to giving Mr. Frost very much encour-
agement. He, however, told his friends that
he would take an obligation to fu'fill a con-
tract with any patron for one year, dm-ing
which time he could ascertain whether the
business gave promise of a lucrative enter-
prise or not. At the end of the first year he
had placed the Herald on a fair footing, and
ever since it has continued to gi-ow in favor
of the public, and has ascended up the hill
of prosperity. Jannarj- 1, 1881, he took his
son, Han-y W., in as a full partner, who has
since served as city editor and has done well
his part. The success and efforts of Mr.
Frost with the Herald is carefully noticed in
the history of the press in another part of this
work. Mr. Frost was married, September 3,
1857, to Mfl^y S. Carter, in Richland County,
111., which Union has resulted in two chil-
dren, namely: Lillie M., born July 14, 1859,
atBatavia, Ohio, now the wife of William H.
Floyd, express messenger on the Cairo Divi-
sion of the Wabash Railroad; Harry W., born
at Felicity. Ohio, May 22, 1861. Mrs. Frost
was boru December 7, 1 837, at Milf ord, Ohio.
THOMAS J. GOLDEN, lawyer, Marshall.
Among those deserving of notice in this de-
partment of our work is Thomas J. Golden.
He was born of Ii'ish parents in ^\'ayne
County, Ind., December 21, 1841. His par-
ents removed to Madison Coiinty, lad., in
1848, thence to Clark Coimty, 111., in 1857.
His father died February 4, 1868; his mother
still survives. At the two latter points of
residence, our subject was mainly educated.
In August, 1861, he enlisted in Company
K, First Missoiu-i Cavalry, and was mustered
in as Second Lieutenant. This place he held
until promoted to the office of Regimental
Quartei-master in the fall of 1862, after
which, for the remainder of his term, he was
engaged as Brigade and Division Quar-
termaster, by virtue of proper orders detail-
incr him for such service. He was in a
number of battles, among which were Pea
Ridge, Cross Hollows, Jenkins' Ferry, etc.
After retm-ning from the army, he entered
as a student the law office of J. W. Wilkin,
now Circuit Judge; attended law school at
Ann Arbor, Mich., and was admitted to
the bar in August, 1867. He was a member of
the Legislature from the Forty-fifth Senatorial
District of Illinois, elected in 1872; was one
of the delegates fi-om Illinois in the Nation-
al Republican Convention at Cincinnati in
1876, and is on the military staff of Gov.
CuUom, with the rank of Colonel. Mr.
Golden was married at Mai-shall, Octo-
ber 19, 1865, to Miss Mary J. Benedict,
whose parents are still living, and residing
in Marshall. She was born in Marshall
September 30, 1845.
JAMES W. GRAHAM, lawj'er, Marshall.
James W. Graham is a native of Logan,
34
BIOGKAPIIICAL:
Hocking Co., Ohio He was born April S,
1849. His father, Eichai'd Graham, is a de-
scendant of a Scotch family, and came to
Clark County in 1851. Ho settled in Section
1 of Casey Township, west from the town of
Martinsville, where he died August 5, 1851.
His mother, Ellen Sloan, was of Irish
birth, and died at the old homestead in
Casey Township, December 22, 1881. Mr.
Graham received the elements of an Eng-
lish ediTcatioo in the public schools of
Clark County, having to go much of the time
time two and a half miles to the school. He
is the youngest of a family of four sons, and,
as he was left fatherless when but two j'ears
old, he was early thrown vipon his own re-
sources. By assiduous application to books,
he soon qualified himself for the position of
teacher, and taught more or less for seven
yeai-s, beginning when in his sixteenth year.
After taking a course in the State Normal
University, he entered the law office of Scho-
field & Wilkin, having decided to make the
law his profession. He was admitted to prac-
tice in 1875, and has since been a member of
the bar of Clark County. In 1878, he was
the choice of the people of the Forty-fifth
Senatorial District to represent them in the
General Assembly. He was married in Mar-
shall, February 10, 1874, to Miss Etta Crui-
sen, daughter of Richard and Han-iet Crui-
sen, who came to this county from Ohio in
1853, and are still living where they then
settled, in Wabash Township. Mrs. Graham
was born Scptf^mber 10, 1855. They have
two children — HaiTy C, born November 10,
1874, and Mabel, born September 6, 1881.
JAMES GREENOUGH, merchant, Mar-
shall, is a native of Clark Couiity, 111., born
August 24, 1839. He is the eldest of a fam-
ily of eight children of Jonathan K and
Eliza A. Greenough. His father was a native
of Maine, and was born July 20. 1809. He
was educated at the Military Academy at
West Point and in early life was a com-
missioned officer in the Government service.
W^hile stationed at Fort Snelling, in Wis-
consin, he lost his health and resigned his
commission. He soon after located at Terre
Haute, Ind., and was employed by the Gov-
ernment as a civil engineer in the construc-
tion of the National road. He was married
in Chicago. 111., November 7, 1838, to Miss
Eliza A. Whitlock, daughter of James and Eli-
za A. Whitlock, formerly of Virginia, where
Mrs. E. A. Greenough v.-as born on the 25th
day of August, 1819. Her parents settled in
Illinois in 1825. Immediately after marry-
ing, Mr. Greenough came to Marshall and
embarked in business, associated with Beebe
Booth. This was among the first business
houses established in Marshall, and dates
back to 1838. Mr. Greenough remained a
member of this firm till his death, which oc-
cm-red August 22, 1858. The business is
now condxicted by his widow and Lyman
Booth, son of Beebe Booth. James Green-
ough, the subject of this sketch, was educated
in the Marshall public school, and in 1857
graduated from Bell's Business College of
Chicago. He was married, August 24, 1864,
at Marshall, to Miss Caroline Clayton,
daughter of Thomas C. Clayton, of Terre
Haute, Ind. Caroline Clayton was born in
Terre Haute on the 2d day of July, 1843.
They have a family of four children, whose
names and ages areas follows: Ogden. born
September 1, 1865; Nellie, born December
10, 1867; Grace, P., born August 20, 1875;
Robert, born April 26, 1881. Mr. Greenough
is a member of che Knights of Honor. His
family residence is on the corner of Hamil-
ton and North streets, Marshall. ' His broth-
ers and sisters are Ogden, Hannah, Frances,
Charles, Mary, William and Eva Greenough.
Ogden Greenough was killed in battle in 1864.
MAllSIIALL TOWNSHIP.
25
JUSTIN HARLAN, deceased, was bom
December 6, 1800, in Warren Coiinty, Ohio.
He received an education at the public
schools, and early fitted himself for teaching,
■which occupation he followed for some time.
He then prepared for the profession of law,
studying in Cincinnati under Judge McLean,
who was subsequently a member of the
United States Supreme Court Li 1825, he
came to Illinois, took pai-t in the Black
Hawk war as a Lieutenant, and was subse-
quently elected by the Legislatui'e as Judge
of oneof the four judicial circuits in the State.
He was elected a member of the Convention
which framed the constitution of 1847, and
in the following year was elected Circuit
Judge under its provisions, an office which
he filled with great acceptance until 1861.
In the following yeai-, he was appointed by
President Lincoln Indian Agent, a position
he tilled until he was removed by Andrew
Jackson in 1866. In 1873, he was elected
and served the county as County Judge until
1877. Public service interfered very much
with his practice as a lawyer, but when at
liberty to do so he found no lack of business.
He did not accumulate property rapidly, as
his generosity to his clients and leniency to
his debtors made his interests suffer in this
regard. He was married March 4, 1832, to
Miss Lucinda Hogue, a daughter of David
and Sarah Hogue. She was born October 4,
1812, in Knox County, Ind. Mr. and Mrs.
Harlan had a family of eight children, and
it was while visiting a daughter living
in Kentucky, that Judge Harlan died, on
March 12, 1879, in the seventy- ninth year of
his life. He was a man of tine public
and private character, and his death was
felt as a serious loss in the community where
he had spent the larger part of his active
life. His wife and children still survive
him.
HOWARD HARLAN, hotel, Marshall, is
the eldest of a family of eight children of
Justin and Lucinda Harlan. He was born
at Darwin on the 19th of September, 1832.
He received an English education in the pub-
lic schools of Darwin and Marshall, and be-
gan life for himself as a lumberman. He
was engaged in the milling work from 1854
to 1858. He began the livery business in
Marshall in 1859, and continued until 1863,
dui-ino- which time he erected a frame stable
120 feet long, corner of Hamilton and Mar-
ket streets. He was appointed Postmaster at
Mai'shall under Lincoln's administration,
and served until i-emoved by Andrew John-
son, in October, 1866. He next associated
himself with Alex Payne in the old Marshall
Mill, continued one year, selling his interest
to W. T. Besser. In 1868, he again en-
gaged in the livery business, and in 1871
erected the brick stable and hall on the site
of the original frame stable. In 1876, he
embarked in the hotel business, having be-
come the owner of the Sherman House in
1873, and is the present owner and propri-
etor, in connection with which he runs the
livery stable. He was married in Marshall
in November, 1877, to Miss Joann Triplett,
daughter of John and Ruth Triplett, of
Ohio; she was born in 1S56. Our own
experience has taught us that Mr. Harlan
is a true gentleman, who can forget the
interest of self to extend a kindness, and
do a hospitable act for a stranger.
EDWARD HARLAN, farmer, P. O. Mar-
shall, is the third son of Justin and Lucinda
Harlan. He was born in Clark County Febru-
ary 15, 1838, and was raised and educated in
this county. In 1859, he entered the office of
Judge Scholtield as a law student. In De-
cember, 1860, he went to Cincinnati to at-
tend law lectures, but soon after sacriticed
his ambition in the legal line to take his
26
BIOGRAPHICAL:
place in the lines of his country's defenders.
He enlisted in Company H, of Twenfcy-fii-st
Illinois Infantry, of which he was soon made
the Captain. He, with fifteen others, pre-
sented the petition to Gov. Yates, by which
Gen. Grant was made Colonel of the Twenty-
first Eegiment, instead of Col. S. S. Good.
Mr. Harlan served as Captain of Company
H three years; he was wounded and taken
prisoner at the battle of Chickamagua. At
the expiration of his three years' enlistment,
he was appointed by recommendation of Gen.
Grant to the position of Captain of Commis-
BRTy, which he held until discharged in Octo-
ber, 1865. He was a member of the Chicago
Convention, which nominated George B. Mc-
Clellan for President. He represented the
Forty-fifth District in the Lower House of the
State Legislature, from 1806 to 1868, and
was then elected as Senator from same State
until 1872. In 1879 and 1880, he was Mayor
of the city of Marshall. Mr. Harlan was
married in Marshall, October IS, 1869, to
Miss Eliza Bartlett, daughter of John and
Jane Bartlett; she is a native of Clark
County, and was burn September 3, 1841.
Mr. Edward Harlan is a member of the
Knights of Honor, and in politics a Demo-
crat.
WILLIS HATTEN, mechanic, Marshall,
was born in Niagara County, N. Y., on the
13th of May, 1882. His parents, Thomas
and Jane Hatten, were born, raised and
married in Ireland. They came to the
United States and settled in New York about
1830. They soon after removed to Canada,
and now live in London, of that Province.
The early life of Willis Hatten was spent in
various pursuits, chief of which were travel-
ing, steamboating and working at his trade,
which is blacksmithing; this he acquired in
Detroit, Mich. On the 13th of May, 1861,
he became a member of Company E, First
Missouri Engineers, in which he served three
years and received his discharge. He then
entered the regular service as a member of
Company A, of the Eighth United States
Infantry, from which he was discharged at
the expiration of his term of enlistment. He
took part in a number of severe engagements,
including Wilson's Creek, Springfield and
New Madrid in Missouri, Shiloh, siege of
Vicksburg and Atlanta. He received a bay-
onet and saber wound at Springfield, Mo., a
gunshot-wound at Wilson's Creek, and two
gunshot wounds at the battle of Shiloh.
During one year of his service he was a
special messenger for Gen. Grant. He was
married at Washington, D. C, January 1,
1860. They have one daughter — Pinkie Hat-
ten, born in Greene County, Ind., on the 12th
of November, 1868. Mr. Hatten came to
Marshall, 111., in September, 1877, where he
has since lived, and is running a shop on
Franklin street. He owns a family residence
on the comer of Henry and Mechanic streets.
WILLIAM B. HODGE, Jr., Circuit Clerk,
Marshall, is a native of Clark County, born in
York April 27 1853, son of William B. and
Callista Hodge, who settled in this county a*
an early date. His mother was daughter of
James C. Hillebert, who settled in York
about 1819. His father came later, perhaps
in 1835, and is still living in York. His
mother died at York January 27, 1878. Sub-
ject is the third of a family of sis children,
and educated in the common schools of Clark
County, and took a course at the Terre Haute
Commercial College. For ten years he was
book-keeper and salesman for E. A. Jack-
son, of York. He was elected Circuit Clerk
of Clark County, in the fall of 1880, which
position he still occupies. He is a Eepub-
lican and a member of the Masonic fraternity,
I. O. O. F. and Knights of Honor. Mr.
Hodge was married, February 19, 187-4, to
MARSHALL TOWNSHIP.
27
Miss Lucy A. Megeath, daughter of Har-
rison Megeath. She was born in the
village of York, Clark County, Septem-
ber 9, 1849. They have a family of three
childi-en — LilliR A. Hodge, born September
9, 1875. and died June 8, 1878; Edith D.
Hodge, born December 11, 1877; Walter R.
Hodge, born February 18, 1882. Mi-s.
Hodge is a member of the Methodist Episco-
pal Chiirch of Marshall. Her mother is liv-
ing with Ml-, and Mrs. Hodge, having been
left a widow by the death of Harrison Me-
geath, which occurred at York June 1, 1850.
ROBERT HUSTON, farmer, P. O. Mar-
shall, was born in Stark County, Ohio, Ajiril
14, 1822. His parents were natives of Penn-
sylvania, where they grew to maturity and
were married. The father's name was Rob-
ert Huston and the mother's was Elizabeth
bowman. They had a family of six children
of whom Robert is the youngest, and what
may be considered remarkable is the fact
they are all living at this writing. Our sub-
ject came to Clark County, 111., in 1848, and
the family came the next year. They settled
in Marshall where the mother, Elizabeth
Huston, died in 1850. The father died ten
years later, at the residence of his son,
George Huston. The mother died in her
seventy-sixth year, and the father in his
eighty-seventh year. Robert Huston, Jr., was
man-ied in Clark County, 111., January 11,
1 849, to Miss Catherine Irwin, daughter of
Ai-chibald and Catherine Irwin, of this county.
She was born in Pennsylvania January 14,
1825. They have a family of six children
living and four deceased — Albert Huston was
born October 14, 1849, and is married to
Rachel A. Manning; Leonard Huston was
born April 20, 1851, and married to Miss
Margaret Dick; Henry Huston, born Febru-
ary, 1853; Ebenezer Huston, born in Septem-
ber,1855; Selumiel Huston, deceased; Lemuel
Huston, born in 1857; Mary Huston,
deceased; Johanna Huston, deceased;
Emma Huston, deceased; Matilda Hus-
ton, born September, 1862, and mai-ried
to William R. Bruce. Albert Huston
has a family of four children — Charles
A. Huston, born May 9, 1875; Hiram R.
Huston, born July 30, 1877; Cora A. Huston,
born April 20, 1880; Ida May, born Octoljer
7, 1882. Mr. Robert Huston has a farm of
160 acres in Section 28, of Marshall Town-
ship, with a residence thi-ee miles southwest
fi-om the city of Marshall. He has for many
yeai-8 been a member of the Protestant Meth-
odist Church.
MARTIN V. B. IRW' IN, farmer, P. O. Mar-
shall, is a native of Lancaster County, Pa., and
was born May 19, 1830. He is the fifth of
a family of seven children of Archibald and
Catharine Irwin. The father was born in
Southeastern Pennsylvania, in 1798, but
when young he went into Virginia, where he
grew to manhood, returning to Pennsylvania
when about twenty-two years old. He was
married in Pennsylvania (Lancaster County),
about 1820, to Miss Catharine Rhodes. She
is also a native of Lancaster County, Penn.,
and was born October 20, 1794. She still
survives and lives in Marshall Township of
this county. This family came to this county
and settled in Marshall Township in 1838,
where Archibald Irwin died June 12, 1880.
Martin Irwin was married in Clark County
on the 4th of July, 1850, to Miss Martha
Comstock, daughter of Nathan Comstock.
Her mother's name was Mary Sandridge.
Mrs. Irwin was born in this county January
28, 1832. Her father, Nathan Comstock, was
born in Kentucky, but principally raised in
Perry County, Ind., where the mother was
born and where they were married. Nathan
Comstock died at his residence in this county,
and the mother died at the home of her
28
BIOGRAPHICAL.
daughter, Mrs. Irwin, in June, 1859. They
had a family of ten children, Mrs. Mai-tha
Irwin being the third. The family of Martin
Irwin consists of three children, of whom one
is deceased — Martha J. Irwin — born April
16, 1857, and died September 25, 1859; Si-
mon W. Irwin, was born April 20, 1863;
Samuel T. Irwin, was born September 30,
1864. They are members of the Protestant
Methodist Church at Auburn. Mr. Ii-win
owns a farm of fifty-seven acres of land in
Sections 29 and 32 of Marshall Township. In
1879, he sustained a serious loss, by fire, of a
good frame house and the entire contents.
J. M JANES, physician, Marshall, is a
native of Darke County, Ohio, born April 6,
1825. He was reared on the farm, and when
eighteen years old he had received such edu-
cation as was to be obtained in the log
schoolhouse of the new country. From this
time until he was twenty-two years old, he
taught school in the winter season and ex-
pended the proceeds in going to school in the
summer. He was married near Winchester,
Preble County, Ohio, on the 27th day of
Febniaiy, 1847. From this date till 1853,
he was engaged variously, principally at
farming and mercantile business. He then
entered the office of Dr. Milo Laurance, in
the village of Spartansburg, Ind. Here he
studied medicine for two years. He prac-
ticTed medicine and surgeiy with this old
tutor until 1857, when he began practice
alone, at Hill's Grove, Ohio, where he re-
mained for six years. From here he removed
to Union City, on the boundary between In-
diana and Ohio. About 1876, he came to
Marshall and engaged in the practice of his
profession, and is regarded as one of the first
physicians of the coimty. Office on Hamil-
ton, street east of court house.
MILO JANES, di-uggist. Among the
enterprising business men of Marshall is
Milo Janes, who, though a young man, de-
serves the credit of ojiening one of the finest
drug stores in the State. He is a son of Dr. J.
M. Janes, and was born in Union City, Ind.,
November 6, 1856. He is the eldest of a
family of three childi'en, and received the
elements of an education in his native town,
and afterward graduated from the Terre
Haute College. In 1877, he entered the drug
store of Whitlock, as clerk, with whom he
continued until Mr. Whitlock died. In No-
vember, 1879, he bought the stock of his em-
ployer, and has since conducted the business.
Mr. Janes needs no special mention, as his
reputation as a straightforward business man
is already known. Suffice to say he has a
complete stock of drugs, books and stationery.
HARRY M. JANNEY, lawyer, Marshall,
is a son of the late Eldridge S. Janney, who
was born in Alexandria, Va., on the 12th of
July, 1803, and came to Crawford County,
111. , in 1827, and who for many years was
engaged in the jaractice of law. He died in
Marshall December 17, 1875. The mother
of our subject, Ann E. (Martin) Janney, is a
daughter of James and Ann Martin. She
was born in Loudonville, Ohio, January 30,
1825, and now living in Marshall. Her par-
ents came to Clark County, 111., in 1840.
Harry M. was born in Marshall June 15,
1855. He was educated in the public school
of Marshall. In 1877, he entered the law
office of Wilkin & Wilkin, under whom he
read two yeai's. He was admitted to prac-
tice September 16, 1879. At the close of
the first year's practice, he was elected to the
office of City Attorney for Marshall, and
served two years. He is a Democrat and a
member of the Knight of Pythias.
SIMON JUMPER, M. D. , Marshall, is a na-
tive of Richland County, Ohio. He was born
October 26, 1 826. He is the twelfth of a family
of thirteen children, of whom but two are
JIAKSHALL TOWNSHIP.
29
now livinw. Hia parents, Henry and Eliza-
beth Jiimper, were each natives of Pennsyl-
vania, and both died in the State of Ohio.
Simon Jumper was raised in Ohio, and edu-
cated principally in Finley and Republic
Colleges. He read medicine under Drs.
Collin & Rawson, of Ohio, and became a pu-
pil in the Medical Department of the Ann
Ai-bor University in 1853. In 1855, he lo-
cated at Darwin, in Clark County, 111, for the
practice of his profession, where he contimted
with marked success until 1881, when he re-
tired from practice and removed to Marshall.
Mr. Jumper was married in York Township,
December 12, 1859, to Miss Mary E. Besser,
daughter of Bates and Huldah Besser. Her
parents are among the early settlei's of Clark
County, and more particulai-ly of York Town-
ship, where she was born August 21, 1838.
They have a family of six children, of whom
but three are living. Their names and ages
are as follows: Effie E. Jumper, born in
Darwin Township, November 17, 1860; Jen-
nie Jumper, born in Darwin Township, No-
vember 2, 1862; Lillie May Jumper, born in
Darwin Township, January 13, 1806; Cora
Jumper, born March 2, 1868, and died July
20, 1870. Mr. Jumper is a Royal Arch Mason.
He and wife and one daughter are members
of the Methodist Episcopal Chiu-ch of Mar-
ehall. Family residence on corner of Main
and Fulton streets, Marshall.
LAWSON S. KILBORN, editor Herald,
was born in Kingston, Canada West, now
Ontario, December 28, 1835, and was the
youngest child of a family of eight children.
When but six weeks old, the family removed
to Monroe County, N. Y. When the boy
was eleven years of age. his father died; but
by the earnest eflbrts of his mother and elder
brothers, the family was kept together, and
young Lawson received such educational ad-
vantages as the then partially free school sys-
tem of New York afforded. In the spring of
1853, the family came to Indiana, and located
in La Fayette. In the following winter, the
boy, now eighteen years of age, taught his
first school, thus commencing a profession
he has since pursued, with the exception of
about five years. March 25, 1857, he was
married to Miss Semantha Aydelott, who has
ever proved a devoted wife and mother, and
a most estimable lady. There have been
born to them eight children, six of whom are
now living, to wit: Mellie, now Mrs. Claude
Husted; J. W., Orrie L., Charles H., Emma
L. and Ernest J. In the spring of I860,
Mr. K. was chosen Principal of the Cent al
School, La Fayette, a position he ably and
creditably tilled. In the spring of 1862, he
enlisted in Company E, Seventy-second Regi-
ment of Indiana Volunteers; was elected First
Lieutenant of the company, promoted to Cap-
tain and then to Major. He served with
honor and distinction throughout the Rebell-
ion, participating in many of the fiercest
battles of the war. His regiment was one of
the four composing Wilder' s famous light-
ninof brigade. In the autumn of 1865, he
removed to Illinois, and has since resided in
tlie State. He came first to Shelby County,
and there remained for one year, and then
went to Marion County, where he was ap-
pointed Principal of the graded schools at
Kinmundy. He came to Marshall in 1874,
and for seven years filled well and honorably
the arduous position of Principal of our high
school; and by his untiring efforts in the
cause of education, our schools were brought
from a very inferior condition up to their
present standard of excellence. He is well
known throughout the State, and enjoys an
enviable reputation as an educator. He pos-
sesses, in an eminent degree, the abilitj' of
quick and acute analysis, by which he is able
to grasp and master the most abstruse subjects
30
BIOGRAPHICAL :
or intricate problems, and by stripping them
of all extraneous matter, present them in siich
clear and simple forms that the dullest pupil
can readily comprehend and understand them.
It is this rare faculty that has given him such
prominence as a teacher. He is a zealous,
active and consistent member of the Christian
denomination, and to his efforts, in a great
measure, does the church in Marshall owe
its present prosjjerity and membership. He
is a radical and uncompromising Prohibition-
ist; his convictions and opinions on the liquor
traffic are rugged and severe, and give forth
no uncertain sound. His name was promi-
nently mentioned in connection with the office
of State Siiperintendent of Public Instruction,
at the Prohibition convention in 1882. He
is of a nervous and sanguine temperament,
swift of foot and hand. Though not larsre,
he is compactly built and muscular, and is
the personilicai ion of industry. He is never
idle, always busy, and when not in the school
room, is following the plow or in the harvest
held. Mr. Kilboru possesses a well trained
and scholarly mind, and a clear head for lit-
erary or editorial labors. Is a ready thinker,
and a rapid writer. His stylo of writing is
epigrammatic, and though sometimes lacking
smoothness of diction, is always concise
and pointed. In politics, he is earnestly and
ardently Republican. And in connection
with his son, Orrie L., pLirchased the Herald,
and assumed the chief editorship in Febru-
ary last. Under their management, the pa-
per is already on the high road to prosperity,
and is fully recognized as the official Repub-
lican organ of the county. O. L., the asso-
ciate editor of the Herald and editor of the
Martinsville E.rpres.% was born June 4, 1864.
He spent six years clerking for merchants of
Marshall. For one of his age, he displays
remarkable talent, and we predict that not
far in the future he will rank among the
leading journalists.
DANIEL KNOWLES (deceased). The
subject of this sketch, Daniel Knowles, was a
native of Knox County, Ohio. He was born
in Mt. Vernon on the 27th day of May. 1821.
He grew to manhood in his native town, and
in 1842 was married to Miss Lydia Anderson.
They came to Illinois and settled in Wabash
Township of Clark County, about the year
1847. Here Mr. Knowles learned the trade
of Cooper, at which he worked the principal
part of his time until 1864. Soon after
coming to the State he purchased a small
tract of timbered land, of Samuel Plaster,
situated on Crooked Creek, one-half mile
south of National road. Here he remained
engaged in clearing and improving his farm
and working at his trade until the fall of
1861, when he moved his family to Vigo
County, Ind., and engaged in farming until
the spring of 1864, when he again moved,
this time to Shelby County, 111., where he
spent the remainder of his life. They had a
family of five children, of whom three sur-
vive: James Knowles was born in Knox
County, Ohio, on the 25th of December, 184o.
He died in Hospital at Mound City, 111., in
March, 1862. lie was a member of Company
F, Thirtieth Illinois Regiment. Mary J.
Knowles was born in Wabash Township, Clark
County, 111., on the 18th day of May, 1848.
She was married in Shelbyville, 111., October
9, 1866, to Mr. John A. McGrath. David T.
Knowles, was born in Clark County, 111.,
April 7, 1850. Married to Miss Annie Neff,
and living in Cowden, 111. Annie Knowles,
born in Clark County, 111., May II, 1860, and
died in Shelby County, 111., on the 5th of
October, 1867. William G. Knowles, the
youngest member of the family, was born in
Vigo County, Ind., on the 4th of March, 1862.
Mrs. Lydia Knowles died in Shelby County,
111., on the 9th of January, 1869, of apoplexy
of the heart. Daniel Knowles was afterward
MARSHALL TOWNSHIP.
31
married to Mrs. Amelia Noff, widow of Jacob
Neflf, of Fayette County, 111., who is still liv-
ing. Daniel Knowles died on the 31st of
August, 1871. He, as well as both his com-
panions, was a zealous member of the Meth-
odist Episcopal Church for many years, and
left a repvitation for Christian character
which is irreproachable.
FRANK LAKE, marble cutter, Marshall.
The name of Frank Lake is associated with
one of the oldest famlies in Clark County.
He is a son of Milton and Nancy C. Lake.
Milton Lake was born in 1800, and came
from Ohio to Clark County, 111., in 1818,
coming the entire distance on foot. He en-
tered land in York Township, upon which
he lived until 1852, when he moved to Mar-
shall. His first wife was Miss Rue Shaw,
who died, leaving seven children. In 1849.
he was married to Mrs. Nancy C. Donaldson,
widow of John Donaldson. In Marshall, he
was variously engaged in business, princi-
pally the marble business. He died Janu-
ary 4, 1872. Mrs. Nancy C. Lake died Sep-
tember 3 of the same year, leaving four
children — Sarah E. (Martin). Frank, Charles
and Edgar Lake. Mrs. Lake died in
York Township, Clark County, within half a
mile of where she was born. October 7, 18'23.
Frank Lake was married, April 25, 1880, to
Miss MoUie E. Huston, daughter of David
Huston, but raised by George Huston, of
Marshall. She wa=i born April 20, 1857, in
Clark County. They have one daughter,
Nellie E. Lake, born July 26, 1881. Mx.
Frank Lake is engaged in the marble trade,
associated with William B. Killie. George
Huston, foster-father of Mrs. Mollie Lake,
is an old and respected citizen of Marshall,
who looks back with some degree of pride to
the years of his life which he spent in the
great struggle to maintain the Union of
States, and thoush home and health, with all
the happiness which they bring, were sacri-
ficed, he has never regretted having borne
his part in the contest. He was born in Stark
County, Ohio, March 1, 1814. In October,
3835, he was married to Miss Emeline Mus-
ser, who was born in Canton, Ohio, October
19, 1817. Mr. H. is a cai-penter and painter
by trade, and for several years was engaged
in the chair manufacture in Mai'shall. They
have raised three children.
DARIUS LeGORE, retired, Marshall, is
a son of Daniel and Sarah Le Gore. His
father was a native of Maryland, and was
born in 1803; was married to Miss Sarah
Orr, of Ohio. She is still living with a son
in Marshall, the father having died in Mar-
shall. They had a family of seven children,
of whom five are still living, and of whom
Darius is the fourth. He was born in Belle-
fontaine, Ohio, April 9, 1834; came to Mar-
shall in 1839, where he grew to manhood,
and was married in Marshall on the 1st of
March, 1855, to Miss Rebecca Payne, daugh-
ter of Ebenezer Payne. She was born in
Clark County in 1833, and died January 7,
1876, leaving a family of foiu- children, of
whom one is dead. Their names are Carrie
Le Gore, who is married to J. Coughlan,
Frank LeGore and Benjamin Le Gore. Mr.
Le Gore is a Democrat, and has served the
county as School Superintendent and Master
in Chancery for seven years. He also served
the city five years as magistrate.
HENRY LESEURE, merchant, Marshall,
was born in the town of Nancy, in France,
on the 14th day of December, 1839. His
parents' names were Francis E. and Marie L.
Leseure. They came from France to the
United States in 1849. Thoy settled in Ed-
gar Count}', 111., where subject gi'ew to man-
hood. He was educated principally in Terre
Haute, Ind. , and Cincinnati, Ohio. He mar-
ried in Vigo County, Ind., October 1, 1861,
33
BIOGRAPHICAL:
Miss Elizabeth Alvey. She is a daughter of
Hilary and Jane Alvey, and was born in
Indiana December 22, 1840. Her parents are
natives of Kentucky, and both are dead.
Mr. Leseure began life as a merchant at
Clarksville, III. He came to Marshall, 111., in
March, 1880, where he has since engaged in
the grocery trade, located on'Main street, one
door west from St. Jamc s Hotel. The entire
family are members of the Catholic Chiu-ch
at Marshall. They have a family of eight
childi-en, of whom two are dead. The record
is as follows: Paul, born August 30, 1862;
Lawrence, born June 5, 1864; Frank, born
February 16, 1866; Ernestine, born March
9, 1868; Lewis, born September 1, 1871;
Charles, born August 11, 1875; Lillie, born
January 8, 1878; Grace, born September 11,
1880.
EMANUEL LESEURE, merchant, Mar-
shall, the subject of these lines is a son of
F. E. and M. L. Leseure. He was born in
St. Marys, Vigo County, Ind., on the 25th
day of Decembei', 1853, and is the youngest
of a family of sis childi-cn, of whom one,
Prosper P. Leseure, is dead. When he was
quite small, his parents settled in Edgar
County, 111., where they remained until 1861,
when they removed to Terre Haute, Ind.,
where they continued until the spring of
1864, when they again moved, this time set-
tling in Douglas Township, Clark County.
Emanuel began life as a merchant in 1873.
He came to Marshall in March, 1880, where
he embarked in the dry goods trade, which
he still pursues and is doing an extensive
business in his line. He is located on south
side of Main street. He was married in
Aiibiu-n Township, Clark County, on the 17th
of April, 1873. to Miss Harriet Hurst, daugh-
ter of John and Martha Hurst. She is a
native of Clark County, 111., and was born
November 22, 1856. Their family consists
of four children — Frances E., bom April 3,
1875; JohnR., March 8, 1877; Mary Lillie,
July 22, 1879; Martha E., June 22, 1882.
The family are members of the Catholic
Church of Marshall.
OLIVER P. LISTON, railroad agent, Mar-
shall, is a native of Coles County, 111., born
October 4, 1854. He is a son of Andrew J.
and Lucy A. (Black) Liston. His gi-and-
father, Joseph Liston, is said to have been
the first white settler, and plowed the first
furrow in Vigo County, Ind. Oliver's father
was born in Knox County, Ind., on the 2d of
March, 1815, and his mother, Lucy A. Black,
was born in Clark County, 111., February 10,
1819. She is a daughter of John Black, who,
with his brothers, settled on farms in Clark
County, in 1819, which are still owned by
them and their heirs. She was married to
Andrew Liston on the 8th of March, 1838,
and they lived in Clark County until 1850.
when they moved to Coles County, 111., where
Oliver was born, and where they still live.
Oliver P. Liston is the eighth of their family
of nine childi-en, and w..s raised and educated
in Coles County, 111. At the age of sixteen, he
entered a railroad office, and has been in rail-
road employ continuously ever since. The
past eight years, or since 1874, he has had
charge of the office of the Wabash Railroad
at Marshall. April 4, 1877, he was married
to Miss Lizzie J. Killie, daughter of Henry
B. and Mary A. Killie. She was born in
Marshall January 20, 1860. Her father was
born in Ohio April 2, 1832, and married
Mary A. Mark, November 15, 1855. He was
a member of Company F, Seventy-ninth Illi-
nois Regiment. He received a wound in
the head, fi'om which he died January 23,
1863. Her mother was born in Marshall
Januai'y 17, 1834, and is now the wife of
George P. Hijapard. Mi-, and Liston have
tvyo children, one of whom is dead — Floza,
MARSHALL TOWNSHIP.
33
born March 16, 1878, and Cora Bell, born
Februai-y 22, 1881, and died July 12 of the
same year. He is a member of the Knights
of Honor.
JOHN LITTLEFIELD, editor of The
Mesenger, Marshall. The subject of
this sketch first saw the light in Warren
County, Penn., in the year 1818. While an
infant, his parents removed to Steubenville,
Ohio, on a raft, where they remained two
years. From thence, on a raft, they floated
down the Ohio to Vevay, Ind., at which place
were spent ten years of happy boyhood. The
family then moved northward, about twelve
miles, and settled on a farm, near a village
called Allensville, remaining there for a
period of ten years. At the early age of
nineteen, he was united in man-iage to Miss
Kate Burns, an Irish lady of sixteen, who
emigrated to America in her tenth year.
After marriage, he removed to Bowling Green,
Ind., where he lived a short time, thence
going to Greensburg, in same State. He
then moved back to his old home, near
Allensville, where he dwelt for some time.
He purchased the land, laid out, and was the
original proprietor of the present town of
East Enterprise, Ind. In September, 1852,
his beloved wife and helpmeet departed this
life, and in the following October he removed
to Marshall, this county, where he has
since resided. Nearly a quarter of a century
of this period has by him been spent in the
arduous labors incident to journalism. For
two years, he was joint proprietor with Messrs.
Whitehead & Peyten, of the Eastern Illi-
noisan. In politics, he always has been a
Democrat, but bitterly opposed to slavery,
and a firm and unflinching adherent to the
Government. After the outbreak of the
rebellion, he commenced the publication of
the Flag of Our Union, and continued the
same throughout the long and bloody four
years of that portentious period. Though
firm and decided in his principles, he was
never aggressive or abusive. He strongly in-
dorsed the war, conscientiously believing
that the dogma of secession was inimical to
liberty and dangerous to the perpetuity of free
institutions. After the war, he purchased the
IlUnoisan office; changed the name to Mar-
shall Messenger, and has published the same as
its editor and proprietor, with the exception
of one year, until the present time. His
second marriage was to Miss Amelia Martin,
of Marshall, daughter of the late James
Martin. He is singularly abstemious and
temperate in all his habits. Never drank a
drop of alcoholic stimulants, or used tobacco
in any form, and what is more remarkable
for many years has drank no water. For
forty-five years, he has been a zealous and
ardent worker in the temperance cause, both
on the rostrum and in private walks, and
the temperance organization in Clark County
is due more to his, than to the efforts of any
man. He never bet on any game of chance,
or made a wager of any kind, and is utterly
ignorant of cards. He never suffered two
weeks illness in his life, and is remarkably
well preserved and vigorous both in mind
and body, and is yet a pedestrian of great
speed and endurance. In religion, he is a
Methodist, but exceedingly liberal and charita-
ble in his religious views. In profession,
an editor, and therefore what is rare to find
in these days, a Methodist-Democratic
editor. A retrospection of his long, busy
and useful career of labors well performed
and duties faithfiiUy dischai-ged, must cheer
with sincere joy the evening of a well-spent
life.
JACOB S. LYCAN, miller, P. O. Marshall,
a native of Clark County, was born on the
17th of Noveijaber, 1836. He is a son of
William W. and Rebecca Lycan. His father
34
BIOGRAPHICAL:
was bom in Kentucky in 1807, and came to
Illinois in 1818, when he settled in Edgar
County. Eebeeca Heddy, mother of our
subject, is also a native of Kentacky, where
she was born in the year 1811. She came to
Illinois with her parents when she was but a
mere child, and still survives. Jacob S. was
educated and grew to manhood in Douglas
Township in Clark Coonty, where he resided
until 1S72, at which time he came with his
family to Marshall. Here, in connection with
Messrs. Ewalt and Quick, he erected the
flom-ing mill known as the " Little Giant," of
which he is at present sole owner. He is a
member of the Masonic Order and Knights of
Honor. Jacob S. Lycan and Cynthia A. Fitz-
simmons were married November 2i, 1859.
Mrs. Lycan is a daughter of John Fitzsim-
mons, and was born in Douglas Township on
the 29th day of October, 1841. They have a
family of eight children, whose names and
ages are as follows: Andrew D., born Septem-
ber 4, 1860; Clark S., born September 4,
1862; Alice, born April 16, 1866; Alonzo,
born August 25, 1869; Orlando, born March
23, 1871; Lyman, born January 11, 1874;
Ella, born November 1, 1876, died December
3, 1876; Edith May, born June 10, 1880.
L. L. MARK, Marshall, is a native of
Putnamville, Ind. He was the fourth of a
family of live children of Jesse and Eliza-
beth Mark, and was born December 24, 1837.
When less than two years old, he came with
his parents to Marshall (1839). His father,
being by trade an undertaker, erected a build-
ing, and opened the first shop of this kind
ever opened in the place. The building still
stands on Hamilton street, and is now used for
the marble works. L. L. Mark took the in-
itial steps to his trade by holding the candle
for his father to do night work, and began
coiSn making as soon as large enough to han-
dle tools, and has worked at the trade contin-
uously ever since. In 1861, he, in connec-
tion with his brother Frank, purchased their
father's interest in the business. They com-
bined the furniture trade with the coffin
manufacture, and for some time had three
business houses, for which they manufact-
ui'ed the principal part of the stock. The
father and mother of L. L. Mark were
natives of Pennsylvania. Jesse Mark was
born in 1804, and died in Marshall Decem-
ber 22, 1871. He was married in 1825 to
Miss Elizabeth Trostlo. She was born in
1797, and died July 26, 1880. L. L. Mark
was married in Casey, 111. , May 9, 1867, to
Miss Lizzie B. Lang; she was born in Clark
County, 111., December 24, 1843. She is a
daughter of John and Mary Lang, who were
formerly of Scotland, but for many years res-
idents of Casey Township, Clark County.
Subject has one- daughter, Blanche Mark,
born in Marshall August 25, 1871.
WILLIAM T. MARTIN, merchant, Mar-
shall, is a native of what is now Ashland
County, Ohio. He was boi-u March 11, 1830.
He is a son of James and Barbara Ann Mar-
tin. His father was a native of Bedford
County, Penn., born April 4, 1793. His
mother was born in the same county April
11, 1796. The family came fi-om Ohio to
Marshall, 111., in 1840, where the father died
on the ISth of August, 1S75. The mother,
Barbai-a A. (Sigapos) Martin, is now a resi-
dent of Marshall, and in her eighty-seventh
year. "William T. Martin was educated princi-
pally in Marshall, of which place he was ap-
pointed Postmaster under the administration
of President Fillmore. Previous to this ap-
pointment, he and his '^brother, J. F. Martin,
embarked in the clothing trade, which busi-
ness they conducted until the beginning of
1855. From 1855 until 1865, he was en-
gaged m the milling business in the town of
Marshall, running the first steam gi-ist-mill of
MARSHALL TOWNSHIP.
37
the place. In 1867, having disposed of his
milling interests, he embarked in the hard-
ware trade, which he has continued until the
present time. His location is on Main street,
north of the public square. The family resi-
dence is on Main and Handy streets'. Mr.
Martin is a member of the Masonic fraterni-
ty, and I. O. O. F. He was married in the
town of Marshall, December 6, 1853, to Miss
Elizabeth Payne, a native of this county, and
daughter of Ebenezer and Sarah Payne. She
was born February 16, 1831. They have a
family of seven children, all of whom were
born in Marshall. Their names are as fol-
lows : Eva Martin, married to E. Y. Mc-
Mullen, of Canada; Mary Martin, Elizabeth
Martin, John A. Martin, Emma Martin,
Frank Martin, William P. Martin.
BENSON MARTIN, Master in Chancery,
Marshall, is the twelfth of a family of thir-
teen children of James and Barbara A. Mar-
tin. He was born in Loudonville, Ohio, on
the 28th day of January, 1838. He was two
years old when his parents removed to Illi-
nois and settled in Marshall, where he grew
to manhood. He received a common school
education in the Marshall schools. In 1857
(November 19), he was married to Miss Sarah
G. Donalson, of Marshall. She was daugh-
ter of John and Nancy C. Donalson. Her
father, John Donalson, died at Vincennes,
Ind., in 1842. Her mother subsequently
married Milton Lake (1849), who died Janu-
ary 4, 1872. On September 3 of the same
year, the mother died, only one-half mile
from place of birth. She was born in Knox
County, Ind., May 19, 1841. Mr. B.
Martin was] engaged in farming until July,
1862, when he enlisted in Company K,
One Hundi-ed and Thirtieth Illinois Vol-
unteer Infantry, under Capt. J. W. Wilkin.
He served in this company until the close of
the war. He participated in the siege of
Vicksburg, and other severe contests. He
was taken prisoner at Sabine Crossroads in
Louisiana, on the 8th of April, 1864, and
held at Camp Ford, Texas, until June, 1865.
From this prison he was then liberated, in
consequence of the war being virtuallj^ end-
ed, and he made his way on foot to Shreves-
port, a distance of 110 miles, thence by wa-
ter to the mouth of the Red River, where he
met the Union forces. He was discharged at
Springfield, 111., in July, 1865. In 1875, he
was elected to the ofiSce of Justice of the
Peace, which office he continues to hold. He
was appointed Master in Chancery in 1880.
Mr. Martin is a member of the I. O. O. F.,
Knights of Honor, and the Grand Army of
the Republic. His family consists of seven
children, of whom two are dead. LillieMai'-
tin, bom September 26, 1858, married to
Dick English; William T. Martin, born June
29, 1862 — he is the present Deputy County
Clerk; Foster Martin, born July 22, 1866;
Charles Martin, born March 13, 1868; Nan-
nie Martin, born October 25, 1872; Jacob W.
Martin, died in infancy; Harrie Martin. died
in infancy. The family residence is on Mich-
igan and North streets.
D. O. MARTIN, merchant, Marshall. The
subject of this sketch is the youngest of a
family of thirteen children of James and
Barbara Ann Martin, who came with their
family to Marshall in June, 1840. D. O.
Martin was born in Ohio, October 27, 1839.
He was educated in the public school of Mar-
shall, and when about fourteen years old en-
tered the store of Bullion & Janney as a
salesman. He was subsequently employed in
the store of Booth & Co. for a term of eight
years. On the 18th of July, 1862, he was
mustei-ed into the service as Second Lieuten-
ant of Comparjy G, of the Seventieth Illinois
Infantry (Capt. Harlan). October 14, 1864,
he was commissioned as Sutler of the One
c
38
BIOGRAPHICAL:
Hundred and Thirtieth Illinois Regiment, and
in May, 1881, he received a commission as
First Lieutenant of Company A, Seventeenth
Infantry Illinois National Guards. He was
married in Marshall September 1, 1863, to
Miss Malinda Frances, daughter of Stephen
and Jane E., (Talent) Frances. Her father
was a native of Virginia, born in 1801, and
died in Clark County, 1853. Her motlier, a
native of Virginia, died in Ohio at the age
of thirty-two. Mrs. Malinda Martin was
bom on 24th of September, 1843. The rec-
ord of the children is as follows: Clinton
Martin, born June 11, 1864, and died Sep-
tember 28, 1865; Frederick Martin, born
July 13, 1866; Mabel Martin, born March 30,
1875; Oliver P. Martin, born February 25,
1877. Mr. Martin embarked in the boot and
shoe trade on Main street, of Marshall, in
1871, a business in which he has been fairly
successful, and which he still continues. He
is a member of the Masonic order and
Knights of Honor, and both he and wife are
members of the Congregational Chm'ch of
Marshall.
JOHN MARVIN, miller. Marshal. Among
the active men of business may be mentioned
the name of John Marvin. He was born on
Walnut Prairie, Clark County, November 20,
1887, and is the youngest member of a fam-
ily of seven children of Barnabas and Rachel
Marvin. His father was a native of the State
of New York. He, with his j)ax'ents, came
from that State to Ft. Vincennes, in which
the winter of 1816-17 was passed; coming to
what is known as the Shaker Prairie, Indi-
ana, in 1817. John Marvin received a com-
mon school education, and has spent most of
his time on the farm, in connection with
which he has dealt considerable in stock.
In 1866, he embarked in the mercantile busi-
ness at Darwin, which he continued four
years. From 1870 to 1874, he was in mill-
ing business at Darwin, and the two years
following in the same business at Vermil-
ion, Edgar County, with William T. Bessar.
Since 1876, he has been a partner in the
Quaker City Mills at Marshall. He was
married at Darwin, March 20, 1862, to Miss
Rosetta M. Hall, daughter of William T.
and Rosetta Hall. William T. Hall was a
native of New York. IVIi-s Marvin's mother
was Rosetta Babcock, and died when the for-
mer was a small child. They have a family of
three children — Lillie L. Marvin, born Feb-
ruary 22, 1865; Jennie J., born June 17,
1867; Emma E., born November 11. 1875.
Mr. Marvin owns three separate farms in the
southeastern part of Clark County; the fam-
ily residence is on Lot 3 of Block 41, in Mar-
shall. He is a member of the Masonic order.
JOHN H. MILLER, of the firm of Gray
& Miller, undertakers, Marshall, 111. In an
early day, the Millers came from Germany
and settled in Pennsylvania. About 1767,
Martin was born in Pennsylvania. He mar-
ried.twice, each time marrying a daughter of
Samuel Hess. He moved to Ohio in 1807,
and to Pike County, 111. , in 1824, where he
died at an old age. His son, Martin, by his
first marriage, was born in Pennsylvania
April 28, 1791. Moved to Ohio, near Cin-
cinnati, in 1807, where he married Catharine
Mitchell in 1812. She was born in Pennsyl-
vania January 6, 1791. Her father, John
Mitchell, of German ancestry, was born in
1758. At the age of seventeen, he entered the
Revolutionary war and served seven years, a
good portion of the time a prisoner of war,
confined in England. At the close of the war,
he landed in Boston, married a young widow
near Pittsburgh, Penn. ; moved to Ohio, then
to Indiana, near Indianapolis, where she died
in 1838, aged eighty-foiu- years, and he died
in 1847, aged eighty-nine years. Martin and
Catherine moved to Clark County, Ind., in
MARSHALL TOWX.SHIP.
39
1824, and to Clai-k County, 111., in 185.', and
to Cumberland Coxinty. 111., in 1858, where
he died October 11. 1870, and she died Feb-
ruary (5, 1877. Their son Emanuel, the third
of a family of ten children, was born in Cler-
mont County, Ohio, February 9, 1818:
moved to Clark Cou.nty, Ind. , in 1824, where
he mai-ried Nancy Hutchings, August 2, 1838.
Nancy, the daughter of Esrom and Polly
Hutchings, was born in Clark County, Ind.,
August 9, 1821. Her father was born in
Virginia in 1790. His father, Joseph, was a
Virginian. Esrom married Polly Fifer, in
Clark County, Ind., in 1815. Polly was the
daughter of Chi-istian and Catherine Fifer,
nee Headricks, of Pennsylvania. Esrom and
Polly moved to Clark County, 111., in 1856,
where they both died in the winter of 1865-06.
Emanuel and Nancy Miller moved to Clark
County, 111., October 11, 1844, and purchased
a large farm, upon which they still reside.
They had five children: William A., Mary
E., Sarah E., John H., and Stephen A.
Stephen A. died in 1856. William A. ^ a
member of Company F, One Hundred and
Twenty-third Illinois Volunteers, was killed
at the battle of Perryville, Ky., October 8,
1862. He was brought home and interred in
the family cemetery. Mary E. died in 1806.
Sarah E. and John H. are still living. The
subject of our sketch was born in Dolson
Township, Clark County, 111., June 24, 1852,
where he received the advantages of a com-
mon school education, and in 1870 became a
student in Westfield College, remaining three
years, making a specialty of the teachers'
course; followed teaching for about seven
years, and in connection with his profession
superintended the management of his farm
in Dolson Township. He taught one year
neai' Tuscola, Douglas County, and taught
six terms in one district in Marshall Town-
ship, Clark County. He was married in Dol-
son Township, by Rev. J. L. B. Ellis, October
5, 1876, to Miss Sarah Lycan, daughter of
Jacob G. and Mary Lycan. nee Lockard.
They were among the first settlers of Dolson
Township. They are still living, and cele-
brated their golden wedfling November 27,
1882. Sarah was born in Dolson Township,
October 5, 1858. They have two sons —
Walter Ai-thur, born September 15, 1877;
Miio Ralph, boru November 20, 1880. Mr.
Miller lost his health by teaching school. He
rented his farm and moved to Marshall Au-
gust 15, 1882, and engaged in the undertak-
ing business, associating with Lote Gray,
who has been in the business for more than
six years. They are proprietors of the Mar-
shall wagon-yard, on Cumberland street,
where they have built a new shop for their
andertaking. Hearse free for every funeral.
Mr. and Mrs. Miller are members of the
Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Miller
has bought property since he came to town,
and is making preparations to erect a fine
dwelling. His health has so improved that
he has decided to make Marshall his home.
JOHN MORTON, banker, Marshall. Among
the leading business men and honored citizens
of Marshall, is John Morton, a native of Lan-
arkshire, Scotland, born near Glasgow, April
23, 1826. He is the third of a family of four
sons of John and Christina CWood) Morton,
and was educated in his native country. When
about twenty-two years old, being impressed
with and aggrieved by the unjust laws of the
transmission of property to the eldest son,
he resolved to seek his fortune in America.
He set sail in the packet " Ann Harlot." in
1848, and in due time he was landed at New
York. He spent tLe summer of 1848 in
Rochester, N. Y., coming fi-om that city to
Licking County, Ohio, in the fall of same
year. In the spring of the following year,
lui-ed thence by the " gold fever," he went to
40
BIOGKAPHICAL:
California, where he engaged in mining for
nearly two years. He returned to Ohio in
the fall of 1851, and until 1853 was dealing
in real estate. Some time in 1853, be came
to Illinois, and settled in Melrose Township,
where he purchased land and engaged in
farming and stjck-raising for several years.
He still owns 700 acres of land in Sections
23, 24, 25 and 26 of that township. He is
now associated with Robert Brown and Will-
iam H. Lockard, in the Clark County Bank,
located on Hamilton street; family residence
on Michigan street. Mr. Morton was mar-
ried at Rising Sun, [nd., November 1, 1855,
to Miss Mary McKain, daughter of An-
thony and Catherine McKain. She was born
in Ohio County, Ind., May 12, 1834. They
have a family of nine childi-en, whose names
and record are as follows: John A. Morton,
born May 18, 1857, and married April 14,
1879, to Alice Prevo. They have a daiighter,
Mary Amy, born August 28, 1882. Catherine
C. Morton, born June 1, 1859; Janette Morton,
born April 29, 1862; James K. Morton, born
October 31, 1864, and died June 19, 1866;
Elizabeth Morton, born December 9, 1866;
James Morton, born January 3, 1869; Thomas
Morton, born August 5, 1872, died; Charles
S. Morton, born March 10, 1874, died Feb-
ruary 7, 1876; Mark Morton, born August
14, 1878. Mr. Morton is a Republican and
a member of the Masonic fraternity. Both
Mr. and Mrs. Morton are leading members of
the Presbyterian Church. The stability of
this family is known to many of our readers.
and requires no comment here.
J. H. MYERS, butcher, Marshall, son
of George and Sarah A. Myers, was born in
Muskingum County, Ohio, on the 29th day
of May, 1841. He is the eldest of a family
of three children; his father was a native of
Pennsylvania, born about 1812, and died on
the 24th of June, 1844. His mother, Sarah
A. Hawert, is a native of State of New York,
and now lives in Ashport, Ohio. J. H.
was raised in his native county, and in the
spring of 1861 he enlisted in the three
months' service, at the end of which
term he became a member of Company
B, of the Seventy-eighth Ohio Regiment, in
which he served three yeai-s, when, with the
same organization, he veteranized and was
mustered out July 15, 1865. He took part in
the battles of Fort Douelson, Shiloh, the seige
of Vicksburg and of Atlanta, and all the en-
gagements incident to Sherman's memorable
mai-ch. April 21, 1864, while on a furlough,
he was maiTied to Miss Margaret Shaw,
daughter of Shadrack and Mary D. Shaw;
she was boru in Muskingum County, Ohio,
December 25, 1840. They removed to Illi-
nois and settled in Marshall, in 1867, where
they still live. Mr. Myers is acknowledged
as an honorable business man, and for many
years has engaged in running the meat mar-
ket of Mai'shall; shop on west side of public
square. He has a family of six children
named as follows: Emma J., George L.,
William H., James E., Avy P., and Can-ie
B. Myers. He is a member of the I. O. O. F.
FLEMING R. NEAL. Marshall. The sub-
ject of this sketch is a native of Clark Coun-
ty, 111. He is among the younger of a
large family of Elza and Jane Neal. His
father was born in Knox County, Ind., on
the 25th day of December, 1808. He grew
to manhood in Knox County, and was mar-
ried in Washington County, on the 7th of Jan-
uary, 1830, to Miss Jane McCampbell. They
lived seven years in Knox County after mar-
riage, diu'ing which time were born four
children — William M., Calvin, Rufus and
Margaret. In 1837, they removed with their
family to Marshall, 111., where he spent
the remainder of his life. He was by trade
a wagon-maker, and followed this business
MARSHALL TOWNSHIP.
41
for many years. He afterward engaged in
milling, and for some years ran a saw and
grist mill sis miles east of Marshall. He
died in Marshall on the 30th day of Jannary>
1S82, having been a member of the Presby-
terian Church over forty years. Jane Mc-
Campbell is a daughter of James and Jane
McCampbell, and was born in Clark County,
Ind., July 25, 1812; she was principally
raised in Washington County, Ind., where
she was married. She has raised a family
of fourteen children, of whom nine are still
living. She still survives, and has a resi-
dence on Hamilton street. She has been a
member of the Presbyterian Church since
1828. F. R. Neal was born July 19, 1853.
He was raised and educated in Marshall, and
married on the 14th of October, 1874, to
Miss F. Spotts, daughter of Conrad and
Nancy (Calvert) Spotts. She was born in
Clark County, 111., August 20, 1853; they
have two childi'en — Ruth Neal, born Novem'
ber 15, 1875; Edith Neal, born January 1,
1882.
THOMA.S L. ORNDORFF, lawyer, Mar-
shall, is a native of Guernsey County, Ohio,
born March 24, 1839. His father, Phineas
Orndoff, was a native of Frederick County,
Va., and came to Clark County, 111., from
Ohio, in the fall of 1854. He settled on
Big Creek, in Wabash Township, where he
died in December, 1864. His mother, Cath-
erine (Jennings) Orndorff, was a native of
Muskingum County, Ohio, and died in Clai-k
County, 111., in November, 1854. Om- sub-
ject was principally educated at Zanesville,
Ohio. He was married in Clark County, 111.,
January 1, 1858, to Miss Sarah A. Pitman,
daughter of William and Sarah Pitman. She
was born in Frederick County, Va.. January,
1840, and died in this county, November,
1864. The result of this marriage was three
daughters — Sarah C, born October 27, 1858,
and died in Marshall December 24, 1881;
Josephine Orudoft', married to William Mc-
Gregor; and Alice A., born January 8, 1863.
Mr. Orndorff was married to his present wi f e,
Elizabeth Fishback, October 1, 1868. She
is a daughter of Jacob Fishback, of Wabash
Township, and was born September 17, 1S50.
By this union there are two childi'en — Thom-
as A., bom September 11, 1869; William E.,
born March 8, 1872, and died June 23, 1872;
and Pearl, born August 29, 1875. Our sub-
ject began life as a farmer, and in this call-
ing and in teaching were spent most of his
years from 1858 to 1874. In February,
1865, he was mustered into service as First
Lieutenant of Company G, One Hundred
and Fifty second Illinois Infantry (Capt.
Pitman), which commission he held until
mustered out at Memphis, Tenn., September
15, 1865. In 1874, he removed to Marshall
and became a student in the law office of
James C- Robinson. He was admitted to the
bar in 1877. He was elected to the
office of State's Attorney, which office he now
holds, having been re-elected in 1880. He
owns a farm of 126 acres in Sections 24 and
31 of Wabash Township, including two
dwellings. His family residence is on the
corner of Jefferson and Walnut streets, Mar-
shall. He is a Democrat and member of the
Masonic fraternity.-
SAMUEL PARK, farmer, P. O. Marshall,
is one of the aged citizens of the city of
Marshall. He is a native of Licking County,
Ohio, born November 21, 1810. At that
time. Central Ohio was a vast, heavily-tim-
bered wilderness but thinly settled. His
father, John Park, was born in Hampshire
County, Va., February 16, 1786, where he
remained with his parents until his twenty
third year, when he married Miss Margaret,
daughter of Alexander and Jane McBride.
She was born in the same county, and of
42
BIOGKAPIIICAL:
Irish parentage. Soon after, they emigrated
to Licking County, Ohio, where they re-
tnainefl during life. Many of the Park fam-
ily were sufferers in the Revolutionary war,
among whom was John Park's mother, who
was taken prisoner by the Indians in Green-
brier County, Va., and taken to Sandusky,
in the Northwest Territory, where she re-
mained a prisoner for neaily four years. Af-
ter her return to Virginia, she maiTied Samuel,
the father of John Park. The Park family
are among the oldest families of the nation.
They are of English origin, and commenced
their American history with the colony
at Jamestown, Va., in 1608 or 1609, from
whence they have spread into neai-ly if not
quite oveiy State and Territory in the Union.
Samuel Park, the subject of this memoir,
continued to reside in Licking County until
the fall of 1850. Then he moved with his
family to the Valley of the AV abash and set-
tled in the southwest corner of Hutsonville
Township, Crawford County, 111., where he
remained nine years; thence to his present
farm, joining the town of Marshall, in Clark
County. This change was made to obtain
better facilities for educating the younger
members of his family. He now rents his
farm and resides on South Michigan street
in the city of Marshall. In early life, he
enjoyed only such limited facilities for ob-
taining an education as was afforded in the
pioneer log-cabin schools when there was no
public money to aid in keeping up schools.
In youth, ho learned the blacksmith trade,
after which ho obtained a copartnership
with an auger and sickle maker, and acquired
the art of making them, which he followed
until compelled to abandon his trade by
loss of health. Since thon he has followed
farming and wool-growing as his chief busi-
ness in life. On June 2, 1831, ho married
Miss Aletha A., daughter of Benedict and
Kachael Belt, who was also born in Licking
County, Ohio, November 3, ISIO. They
had been schoolmates and associates from
childhood. They have had nine children,
eiij-ht of whom lived to the age of men and
women, as follows: John A., born March 17,
1832; Wesley, born November 19. 1883;
Henry C, born August 16, 1835; George,
born September 12, 1839; Mary E.. born
May 10, 1842; Samuel B., bom September 2,
1844: Alvin T., born October 28, 1846; Ale-
tha J., born April 31, 1849; Emily A., born
August 20, 1852, and died March 11, 1854.
Georse and Alvin T. lost their lives in the
service of the Union in the war or 1861-65;
Aletha J. died at the age of nineteen years,
and Henry C. at the age of forty, leaving
a wife and six children. There are three
sons and one daughter still living, and all
have families. John A. is a fai-mer; Wesley
and Samuel B. are practicing physicians.
Samuel Park has been a member of the Meth-
odist Episcopal Chiu-ch for nearly fifty-three
years and Mrs. Park for over sixty years. Mr.
Park claims to be a real frontiersman in his
birth and early life experience, and has an
unusually vivid recollection of pioneer usages
and incidents. One, among many land-
mai-ks in his early recollections, ii? the retiu-n
of the soldiers from Gen. Harrison's cam-
paign in the Northwest in 1813. Mr. and
Mrs. Park have been living together as man
and wife for nearly tifty-two years, and are
still enjoying pretty good health, both phys-
ically and mentally. They are now living
alone as happily as when they first began the
cares of life together. The above is the pro-
duction of Mr. Samuel Park's own pen.
ALEXANDER M. PAYNE, grain dealer,
Marshall, is a native of Clark County, 111.,
born September 11. 1838. His father. Ebon-
ezer Payne, was a native of Preble County,
Ohio, and was one of the firet settlers on
MARSHALL TOWNSHIP.
43
Walnut Prairie. He died in Marshall. Sallie
McKeen, motlier of our subject, was a native
of Warren County, Ohio. She died in Mar-
shall. Mr. Alexander Payne is the third of
a family of four chikken. of whom but two
survive, the subject of these lines having
one sister, Elizabeth, who is married to W.
T. Martin. Alexander Payne grew to man-
hood in this county, and moved to Marshall
with his j)arents in 1848. He was educated
in the public schools of Marshall, where he
was married on the 8th of March, 1860, to
Miss Emma Harlan, daughter of Justin and
Lucinda Harlan. She was born in Marshall
March 12, 1842. They have a family of five
children, all of whom were born in Marshall.
Their names are as follows: William H.,
Edwin, Sallie, Mary, Clara. Mr. Payne
has been prominent in the milling inter-
ests of Marshall, beginning that business
in 1858. In 1874, he and Wilson Harlan
erected a large brick mill on the site of the
old Marshall Mill, which bui-ned in 1879.
Since that time Mr. Payne has been operat-
ing a warehouse on the Wabash Railroad,
opposite depot. Mr. Payne is a member of
the Knights of Honor. Residence on Hamil-
ton street.
HENRY PLASTER, farmer, city of Mar-
shall, is the third of a family of nine chil-
dren, of James and Hannah Plaster. He was
born in Loudoun County, Va., on the 12th
day of June, ]8]9. When he was about
twelve years old, his parents removed from
Virginia to Clark County, 111., and settled
on Big Creek, in Wabash Township, where
they lived on farm until coming to Marshall
about 1858, when the father died October 25,
1882, in his ninety-second year, the mother
having died in Marshall in 1874. Henry F.
Plaster was raised on the farm and received a
common school education He was married
in Marshall, October 24, 1861, to Miss Maiy
E. Bradley, daughter of Lewis M. and Nancy
C. Bradley, of Marshall. She was born in
Ohio, March 13, 1838. They have a family
consisting of two children, one of whom is
dead ; Leonidas Franz S. Plaster, born in
Marshall on the 14th of October, 1862 ; Car-
rie Loraine Plaster, born in Marshall on the
1st of June, 1868, and died October 14, 1876.
Mr. Henry Plaster came to Marshall previous
to his marriage, and has been a resident ever
since. The family residence is on Michigan
street. He owns a farm of 65 acres adjoin-
ing his residence in Section 13 of Marshall
Township. He and wife are members of the
Methodist Episcopal Church of Marshall.
SAMUEL C. PREVO, merchant, Mar-
shall. Among the merchants who have taken
position in the front rank is the subject of
these lines, Samuel C. Prevo. He was
born in Clark County, 111., in York Town-
ship, on the 27th day of August, 1847. He
is the second of a family of six children of
Henry and Amy Prevo. He was raised in this
county, in which he received a common
school education. In 1870, he graduated
from the Terre Haute Business College, and
began life as a merchant. He first opened
a general store in York of this county, where
he continued until 1877. He then engaged
in farming for a few years, but came to Mar-
shall in 1881, where he opened an extensive
stock of dry goods and clothing, and where
he now has a store of which Mai-shall should
be proud. While Mr. Prevo has' had flatter-
ing success in business, his domestic life has
not been all sunshine. Death has removed
a wife, to whom he was married February 1,
1872. Her name was Eliza Kelly, daughter
of James Kelly, formerly of New York City,
where she was born September 15, 1850.
She died at York, this county, May 11, 1873,
leaving a daughter, iVlice Prevo, who was
born in York, November 27, 1872. Mr.
44
BIOGRAPHICAL:
Prevo was married to his present wife, Emma
Hogne, on the 7th day of September, 1876.
She is a daughter of Jonathan and Tamar
Hogue, and was bom in Clark County on the
19th of April, 1855. They have buried one
son, Randal Prevo, who was born March 4,
1880, and died July 31st of same year.
JOHN SCHOLFIELD, lawyer, Marshall.
Among those deserving of a special mention in
the history of this (Clai'k) county, is Judge
John Scholfield. The first that is known of
his ancestry is the migration of a family from
England who settled in West Chester, Penn-
sylvania, in the early part of the last century.
They were members of the religious society
known as "Quakers " — styled by themselves
" Friends." He followed some mechanical
employment, as did his descendants, until
the father of our subject, who was a farmer.
Shortly after the close of the Revolution,
this family removed to Loudoun County,
Va., and there Thomas Scholfield, the
father of subject, was bom on the 1st of Au-
gust, 1805. "When he was five years old,
his fatiier died, and soon after this event the
family moved to Muskingum County, Ohio,
at which p,ace Thomas Scholfield grew to
manhood. In October, 1828, he migrated
to Clark County, III. In April, 1831, in
what is now Melrose Township, he was mar-
ried to Miss Ruth Beauchamp, daughter of
John Beauchamp, a native of Maryland, who
in early life removed to South Carolina,
where he was married in Rockingham County
of that State. Here the mother of our sub-
ject was born, iu June, 1810. While she
was yet a small child, the family moved from
South Carolina to Orange County, Ind. ,
and settled near Paoli, from whence, after a
residence of several years, they r"moved to
Clark County, 111., locating a few miles
west from York. Mrs. Beauchamp was a
member of the society of "Quakers" or
"Friends," and this fact probably accounts
for the location near Paoli, and afterward
near York, for at that time both named
places were provided with meeting-houses for
that sect, and, considering the then sparsely
settled condition of the country, quite exten-
sive settlements had been made. For about
one year and a half after the marriage of
Joseph Scholfield, he resided from one half
to three quarters of a mile north from the
present village of Melrose, in a cabin erected
on land belonging to Jonathan Medsker.
Here om* subject's oldest brother was born.
In t-he fall of 1882, his father having become
the owner of a small tract of land lying im-
mediately south from and adjacent to that on
which the village of Mai'tinsville was subse-
quently laid oif, built a cabin upon it and
moved his family there. There his brother
died the ensuing winter or spring, of croup.
He was buried within the limits of the vil-
lage of Martinsville, but not in the cemetery,
as there was none at that time, and he was
the first white person buried in the village.
Here at this residence John was born, on tbe
1st of August, 1834, but when two yeai-s old,
his father having sold this place and entered
land west fi-om Mai'tinsville. moved upon it.
At this residence his mother died on the KJth
of August, 1849. His father in 1850, re-
moved to California, whence, after a year's
residence, he removed to ^\'ashington County,
Oregon, where he still lives. John Sehol-
field's early education was obtained in the
common schools of Clark County, which were
usually limited to three months each year.
And even this time was often eiicrowhed by
withdi'awals to assist iu the labor and supjiort
of the family In April, 1851, he became a
pupil in the private academy at Marshall,
owned by Rev. D. Andrews, and then-after
for about three years, his time was alternately
occupied in teaching in the common schools.
MARSHALL TOWNSHIP.
45
and attending this institution. In October,
1854, he entered the Law Depai-tment of the
Louisville University, and obtained the de-
gree conferred by that institution in March!
1856. He began the practice of law in Mar-
shall in the spring of 1855, between the
terms of the law school, returning to Louis-
ville in October of that year. Mr. Scholfield
and Hon. James C. Robinson, formed a part-
nership for the practice of law in 1S55, which
continued until the election of subject to the
oBBce of States Attorney of the Fourth Judi-
cial Circuit, which occun-ed in November,
1850. This circuit then comprised nine
counties in Central Illinois. In 18G0. he was
elected to the Lower House of the State Leg-
islature, as a Douglas Democrat. In 1869,
he was elected a delegate from the counties
of Clark and Cumberland to the convention,
to frame a new constitution, and was chair-
man of the committee on schedule in that
body. In 1869, a partnership was effected
between Mr. S. and Judge Wilkin, under the
name of Scholfield & Wilkin, which contin-
ued until 1870, at which time Mr. S. was em-
ployed as a solicitor for the St. L., V. & T.
H. Railroad Co., which position he resigned
thi-ee years after. In 1873, he was elected
Judge of the Supreme Court of the State
from the Second Supreme Judicial District
to till the vacancy caused by the resignation
of Judge Thornton. In June, 1879, he was
re-elected to the same office for the full term
of nine years. On the 29th of December,
1859, he was married to Emma J. Bartlett,
daughter of the late John Bartlett of Mar-
shall.
JACOB SCOTT, retired, Marshall. Jacob
Scott is a native of Bucks County, Penn.,
and is the second of a family of eight chil-
dren of William and Hannah Scott. William
Scott, father of Jacob, was born in Pennsyl-
vania, and the mother, Hannah Hagerman,
was also a native of same State. Jacob was
born June 2, 1811, and was raised principal-
ly on the farm, but at the age of eighteen
began an apprenticeship at the carpenter and
joiner trade. At this he worked about twelve
years, and then abandoned the trade to pur-
sue the interests of the farm. He followed
farming in Muskingum County, Ohio, where
his father had moved when subject was a
small boy, and where his father died, leaving
the mother and children a good farm home.
About 1836, he went to Licking County,
where, on the 1st of November, 1835, he had
married Miss Hettie Brown, daughter of
Adam and Mary (Canden) Brown. She was
born in Licking County, Ohio, May 29,
1818, and was the sixth of a family of seven
children. One brother Solomon Brown is
one of the honored citizens of Melrose Town-
ship, of this county. Mr. and Mrs. Scott
have had a family of ten children, of whom
one is deceased, viz.: Mary J., the wife of
Robert Craig, was born September 8, 1836;
William was born September 25, 1888, mar-
ried Miss Mary Craig; Adam B. was bom
September 16, 1840, married to Miss Sophia
Mitchell; James was born October 2, 1842,
married to Martha Colven; Alexander, born
October 27, 1844, married Miss Ella Robin-
son; Hannah M., born December 22, 1846,
widow of Lenhart Leasure; Martha A., wife
of William Kuykendall, was bom December
24, 1850; Jacob M. was born August 5,
1855, man-ied Sarah Belch; HattieA., wife
of Victor Tobennach,was born September 28,
1860. Ml-. Scott emigrated to this county
fi-om Licking County, Ohio, in the fall of
1849, and settled in Melrose Township, on
the farm now owned and occupied by Wash-
■ ington Kreager. Here they remained until
they sold out to Mr. Ki-eager about 1871.
They then came to Marshall, and made a
residence of two years, and in 1873 purchased
46
BIOGRAPHICAL:
a farm in southern Wabash Township, where
they remained engaged in farming for three
years, but owing to failing health they sold
out, and again sought the retirement of the
City of Marshall, where they have since lived,
and where they have made for themselves
many friends. They are members of the
Methodist Episcopal Church of that place.
THE SHAW FAMILY. Joseph Shaw
was one of the earliest settlers of Clark
County. He emigrated from Knox Coun-
ty, Ind., to the south end of Walnut
Prairie, near the narrows of the Wabash
River, in the spiring of 1818. His father,
John Shaw, originally came from L-eland to
Pennsylvania. Joseph was born the 25th of
December, 1773, ana came West with his
father's family to Jefferson County, Ky., near
Louisville. In one of the Indian raids on
the early settlers, John Shaw was killed at a
spring on Chenowith's Run, where he and
W^illiam, a twelve-year-old son had gone for
water. The boy was taken prisoner, carried
otf and adopted by his captors. In 1791,
Joseph was in a command of Kentucky troops
iu Gen. St. Clair's camjaaign against the In-
dians in the wilderness of Western Ohio. On
- the 3d of November, St. Clair's army en-
camped a few miles from the Indian villages
on the Miami River, and about sunrise the
nest morning was unexpectedly attacked by
the Indians — and as history informs us, was
badly defeated and scattered. The subject
of this sketch had his left arm broken be-
tween the elbow and shoulder, and fled from
the battle-field, pm'sued by an Indian, and
in crossing a deep ravine stumbled and fell
into the top of a fallen tree, and laid there
awaiting his fate. The pursuing savage
came to the top of the bank and not seeing
him turned back in pursuit of other fugi-
tives. He lay there covered up by leaves till
night, then left his hiding place and took
his course for Ft. Jefferson. By night, he
was pursued and beset by a pack of wolves,
drawn by the scent of his blood, which he
had to drive off by the vigorous use of a
heavy club. He was three days in reaching
the Fort, only traveling by night for fear of
capture if he pursued his way in daylight.
The surgeon of-the Fort, after a close exami-
nation of his wound, which had been un-
dressed for over three days and was badly
swollen, decided to amputate his arm, but he
firmly objected, and by careful treatment it
was saved. During the time he was on the
way to the Fort, he lived on nuts and roots.
His brother William, who was taken a pris-
oner when a boy, was now grown and fought
with the Indians in this battle. Joseph,
some time about the beginning of this cent-
ury, moved to Clark County, Ind., and lived
there till about 1808 or 1809, and then
moved to Knox County, Ind. , and was in Vin-
cennes at the time of Gen. Harrison's con-
ference with Tecumseh and his followers.
It was in this council that the great chief
told the General he lied. In the fall of 1811,
Gen. Harrison made his campaign against
the Indians and fought the battle of Tippe-
canoe on the 7th of November, in which
Joseph and his brother William — who had
become disgusted with savage life, and re-
tui-ned to his own people — both took a part
as soldiers under Harrison. On the morn-
ing of battle, after it became light enough
for the combatants to see, they found they
were close together, and one of the Indians
recognized William and called him by his
Indian name, and he answered him, and then
they immediately exchanged shots, William
receiving a mortal wound in one of his
lungs, from which he died in the coiu-se of
time. Joseph lived on his farm in Walnut
Prairie from 1818 to October, 1847, when
he moved to Marshall and died the following
MxVRSHALL TOWNSHIP.
47
February. He was a great admirer of Gen.
Jackson's military genius and daring; and
supported him for the Presidency every time
he was a candidate. Aftei-ward, for the same
reasons and a personal friendship, he ardent-
ly supported Gen. Harrison for that office.
In May, 1844, he, with the writer, visited
the Tippecanoe battle-ground to attend a
large mass meeting, and heard the Hon. E.
W. Thompson, who was the chief orator of
the occasion, in eloquent terms advocate the
election of Kentucky's great orator and
statesman to the Presidency. He was much
disappointed at the result of the election,
and thought the American people were very
much lacking in gratitude in not rewarding
him with the office for his distinguished serv-
ices to his country. Joseph Shaw was a man
of marked traits of character and firm and
unyielding in his convictions of what he con-
ceived to be right. A faithful and unfalter-
ing and a man of unbounded hospitality,
keeping open house for all who came to his
door. Nineveh, oldest son of Joseph Shaw,
was bom in Jefferson County, Ky., January
18, 1796; was married to Miss Mary Latshaw
in January or February, 1820, and settled near
his father and lived there till he died. He
filled the position of County Commissioner
for one or two terms, and was Major of the
Illinois Militia, and had frequent drill mus-
ters of his batallion at Darwin, when it was
county seat. In the spring of 1832, when
Gov. Reynolds called for volunteers for thft
Black Hawk war, he enlisted as a private in
Capt. John F. Richardson's Company of
Mounted Militia, went to Ft. Wilboiurn, near
Hennepin, the place of rendezvous, and June
18 was mustered into the service of the
United States as Adjutant of the Spy Battal-
ion, commanded by Maj. McHem-y, after
whom McHenry County was named. He was
with his command diu'ing the war, and un.
derwent all the dangers and hardships of
this short but decisive campaign. In Decem-
ber of that year, he went to Louisiana to at-
tend to the estate of his brother William,
who had just died, having gone to Milliken's
Bend in the Mississippi River, in May,
1822, and was thirty-four years old when he
died. Having never married, he left his
estate to his elder brother's childrec ; his re-
mains were brought north and buried in the
cemeterj' on Walnut Prairie. Nineveh made
a trading trip to New Orleans in the spring
of 1844, returned with impaired health, and
died after a short illness on November 5,
following. He left a widow and eight chil-
dren— three sons and five daughters. James
Shaw, third son of Joseph, was born Decem-
ber 13, 1805; man-ied Miss Sinai Sharp
January, 1828, and lived in the neighbor-
hood on a farm given him by his father till
the Black Hawk war; and then enlisted in
Capt. R. A. Nott's Company of Mounted
Militia, and faithfully served to the end of
the war. In June, 1833, he went on a trad-
ing trip to the South, and on his return
died with the cholera near Golconda, 111.
He left a widow and two children, the old-
est child, now Mrs. Jane Vance, living in
Paris, 111. ; the other, James, living in Vin-
eennes, Ind. Gilead, the fourth an.d young-
est son of Joseph Shaw, was born in Knox
County, Ind., June 15, 1817, married Miss
Mary W. Drake September 16, 1841, and
lived with his father till April, 1846; then
moved to Marshall and went into the mercan-
tile business with Dr. F. R. Payne. Some
time in 1854, he, with two partnei's, took a
contract to clear, grade and bridge a division
of the Wabash Valley Railroad from Paris
to Hutsonville, and did all he could with-
out much pecuniary aid from the comjiany
or his partners, and finally brought suit
against the railroad company for the work
48
BIOGRAPHICAL:
done, oretting judgment and damages for
$13,000, but this did not begin to pay up
for his liabilities, and ccftisequently, in the
end, was left bankrupt. In September, 1861,
he enlisted at St. Louis in Birge's Sharp-
shooters, afterward numbered the Sixty-sixth
Regiment Illinois Volunteers; was in the
United States seivice for nearly three years;
came home in the last stage of consumption
in February, 1864, and shortly afterward died.
He was a man of kind and generous impulses,
and did much for the cause of education and
church building in the early period of his
residence in Marshal. He left a widow and
two sons: Edward was born July 26, 1842,
and when quite a boy went into the army in
the Thirtieth Illinois Volunteers, June,
1861, and at the end of three years, re-enlist-
ed as a veteran and served to the end of the
war; was married in November, 1872, and
has lately filled the office of County Superin-
tendent of Schools for a term of four yeai's.
Alphonso, Gilead Shaw's second son, born
November 27, 1847, was married September,
1873, and is living in Terre Haute, Ind. ,
and has been connected with the Terre Haute
House as clerk and manager for over ten
years. Albert, oldest son of Nineveh Shaw,
was born on December 10, 1820, is living in
Marshall, moving his mother and family
there in April, 1846; was manned in Nash-
ville, Tenn., February 26, 1850, followed
farming on Walnut Prairie until April,
1802; went to New Madi-id, Mo., and then
enlisted for three years in the army of the
United States, served one year as a private
in the Tenth Regiment Illinois Infantry, and
then was promoted to Second Lieutenant
Company I, Seventy-ninth Regiment Illinois
Volunteers. Becoming disabled for active
duty on Sherman's Atlanta campaign, he re-
signed and came home the last of July,
1864. For a sketch of William, the second
son of N. Shaw, see below. John, the third
and youngest son, was born in October, 1837.
Received a good academical education in
Marshall, and was engaged in the study of law
in Cincinnati; when the war of the rebellion
broke out, came home and enlisted as a pri-
vate in the Thirtieth Regiment Illinois Vol-
unteers. In January, 1863, was commis-
sioned by the Secretary of War as Captain of
a colored company of heavy artillery, and
resigned in April, 1864; came home, was
mai-ried in the following May, and April,
1865, moved to Kansas City, Mo., and is still
living there, engaged in the steam and gas
fitting business.
WILLIAM SHAW, farmer, P. O. Mar-
shall. Among the pioneer settlers of York
Township, Clark County, were the ancestors
of William Shaw, and their biographies will
be found among those of that township. He
is the fifth of a family of nine children of
Nijijeveh and j\Iary Shaw, and was born in
York Township July 26, 1830. He was
raised in Clark County, receiving the benefits
of such educational institutions as were to be
found in the county at that time, consisting
of subscription schools, and a select school
taught in Marshall by Rev. Dean Andrews.
In Marshall, on the 17th of February, 1859,
he was man-ied to Miss Lucy Young, daugh-
ter of Thomas and Lucy (Barbee) Young, of
Crawford County, where she was born Feb-
ruary 12, 1834. Mr. Shaw for many years
has been an honored resident of Mai-shall.
His family consists of fivechildi-en, of whom
two are deceased, and all of whom were born
in Marshall — Wilfred Shaw was born Feb-
ruary 26, 1860; Gertrude Shaw was born
August 17, 1861; John Y. Shaw was born
August 16, 1863, and died April 8, 1807;
Edith F. Shaw was born June 27, 1807. Mrs.
Lucy Shaw's parents settled near where Pal-
estine now stands in 1818. Her parents were
MARSHALL TOWNSHIP.
49
both natives of Kentucky, where they grew
to maturity and married. They had a farai-
ly of twelve children, of whom Mrs. Shaw is
the eleventh, and the only one now living in
this State. Her parents both died in Craw-
ford County in 1845. Her mother's maiden
name was Barbee, and among the leading
families of Crawford County there are found
several of their representatives. Mrs. Shaw
has for several years been a member of the
Congregational Church. Mi-. Shaw has a
farm of 240 acres in Section 13, of York
Township, one of 200 acres in Section 27 of
Darwin Township, and a tract adjoining the
city of Marshall, with family residence on
the corner of Franklin and Hudson streets.
JOHN C. SPOTTS, farmer, P. O. Mar-
shall, was born in Clark County, 111., on the
23d of April, 1840. He is the oldest of three
children of Com-ad and Sarah (Reed) Spotts.
His father is of Gorman parentage and was
born in 1802, in Berks County, Penn., where
he gi'ew to manhood and was married to Miss
Sarah Reed. He came West andj settled in
Clark County, HI., near Marshall, in 1839,
where he lived the remainder of his life,
which terminated on the 1st of Mai-ch, 1870.
In early life, he was a member of the Ger-
man Lutheran Church. His first wife having
died in 1847, he was afterward married to
Miss Nancy Calvert, who still survives him.
By this union thero are nine children. Sarah
(Reed) Spotts was born in Berks County,
Penn., about 1605, and elied as above stated.
John Spotts received the elements of an Eng-
lish education in the common schools of the
county, and man-ied in Wabash Township to
Miss Mary J. Lockard, daughter of William
and Diodame Lockard, who are still living,
and are among the pioneers of the county,
and held in the highest regard by all who
know them. Mary J. Lockard was married
to Mr. Spotts January 3, 1858. They have
a family of eight children — William C. Spotts
was born October 1, 1858, and was married
to Ida Fawley, December 24, 1882; Sarah D.
Spotts, born July 27, 1860; Diodame Spotts,
born May 4, 1802; John H. Spotts, bom
April 21, 1864; Anna M. Spotts, born August
21, 1867; Walker S. Spotts, born November 16,
1869; Emma J. Spotts, born July 9, 1871;
Elizabeth Spotts, born February 3, 1873.
The family residence is one-half mile north
of Marshall, whei-e Mr. Spotts owns a farm
of 375 acres of land. He is engaged in
in mixed husbandry. He and wife and eldest
daughter are members of the Christian
Church of Marshall.
OLIVER G. STEPHENSON, siu-veyor,
Marshall, is a native of Coos County, N. H.
He was born September 16, 1829, and is a son
of Reuben and Mary (Baker) Stephenson.
Subject was raised and educated in his native
State, and early chose the profession of civil
engineer,iwhich business he has since followed*
He came to Clark County in 1854, and settled
in Marshall, where he has resided since. In
the fall of 1855, he was elected to the office
of County Surveyor, on the Democratic ticket,
which office he has held for over twenty years.
Mr. Stephenson was married in Marshall,
January, 1859, to Miss Minerva Shaw, daugh-
ter of Nineveh and Mary Shaw. She was
born in Clark County. They have a family of
two children, born in Clark County — Eleanor
Stephenson, Lola Stephenson. They own a
a farm of 220 acres, in Sections 22 and 23
of Township 11 north. Range 11 west, in-
cluding one dwelling house. The family
residence is on the corner of Bond and Green
streets, of Marshall. Mr. Stephenson's offi-
cial record is too well known to require spe-
cial mention by us.
JOHN STOCKWELL, retired, Marshall,
one of the oldest of the residents of Mai'shall,
was bom in Worcester County, Mass., Octo-
"^
50
BIOGRAPHICAL:
ber 18, 1799. His father, John Stockwell,
Sr., though an old-time Democrat, was an
influential supporter of Madison's war policy.
His father descends from a Scotch family, and
his mother, Abigail Chamberlain, was of
English descent, whose parents came to this
country previous to the Revolution. One
brother taking part in this war was engaged
in the battle of Bunker Hill. His parents
died in Cayuga County, N. Y. Subject re-
ceived the elements of an English education
in the common schools of Massachusetts,
attending about ten weeks each winter, until
fourteen years old. Then his father, having
previously moved to Southern New Hamp-
shire, he went there and attended the Ches-
terfield Academy, thus qualifying himself for
teaching, a profession in which he never en-
gaged. In 18 18, he, in company with an older
brother, came on foot to Belmont County,
Ohio. Here they engaged in the lumber
business, running a saw mill for some
time. Afterward worked in the construc-
tion of the National road. lu retm'ning
from one of bis trips to New Orleans in 1824,
he came up the Wabash to the town of Dar-
win, then the county seat of Clark County,
and has been a resident of the county ever
since. In Darwin, October, 1831, he was
married to Miss Esther McClure, daughter of
Daniel McClure, one of the pioneers of the
Wabash region, and an intimate friend of
Gen. Harrison. She was born in Knox
County, Ind., September 4, 1808, and died
January 25, 1835, at Darwin. Eesult of this
union, one daughter, Mary Stockwell, born
in Clark County, July 14, 1838. Mr.
S. was next married to Mary Thompson, of
Knox County, Ind., April 12, 1836. She was
born February 27, 1815, and died March 9,
1837. Subsequently married to Mrs. Diana
Patton, February 20, 1839. She was born
in Virginia March 2, 1801, and died No-
vember 5, 1870. Mrs.Nancy (McClure) Stock-
well, present wife of our subject, was boin
May 11, 1813. They were married Novem-
ber 28, 1872. Mr. Stockwell has served this
county as Sheriff, County Clerk, County
Judge, and his political career is too well
known to oiu- readers to need any special men-
tioH) by us. Though eighty-three years old,
his mental powers are still unimpaired, and
his physical activity is a matter of comment
among the people of the town. He has
been an active business man, and for some
years has been retired with a handsome
income. They are both members of the
Methodist Episcopal Church.
THOMAS HAMILTON SUTTON, Mar-
shall ; first made his entry upon the stage of
action at La Gro, Wabash Co., Ind., Novem-
ber 6, 1843. His father, Samuel Sutton, was
of Scotch descent, and was born in Berks
County, Penn., May 5, 1803, and died in
Marshall, November 8, 1856. His mother was
born near Hamilton, Butler Co., Ohio,
Christmas, 1808, and died also in Marshall,
January 26, 1881. Her maiden name was
Matilda Morrison; she was of Irish parent-
age, her parents emigrating to America about
the year 1800. Her two elder sisters were
born in Ireland, herself and a younger
brother in Ohio. Samuel Sutton and Matilda
Morrison were married in Rush County, Ind.,
April 10, 1828. The result of this union was
a family of five daughters and three sons,
five of whom yet survive, to-wit: Ann
Archer, wife of William Archer; Amanda
Cole, wife of De Lance Cole; Drue Burner,
wife of Dr. S. A. Burner; Charlotte Wal-
lace, wife of L. A. Wallace, and the subject
of this sketch. His father's family removed
from Indiana to Illinois in 1848, and finally
settled on the tarm now owned by Jarms
Quick, about two miles north of Marshall,
where they remained about two years, and
^-
MARSHALL TOAVNSHIP.
51
then removed to Marshall in March, 1851
where the family has since resided. At an
early age the boy commenced to learn the
"art preservative of all arts," as a roller boy
in the office of the Eastern IlUnoisan, work-
ing at nights and on Satm'days. What edu-
cation he received was at the inferior free
schools of the times, aad afterward at the
Marshall College, under the tutorship of that
kind and estimable Christian gentleman,
Kev. Elias D. Wilkin, who was then princi-
pal of the institution, and of whom he will
ever maintain the liveliest feelings of grati-
tude, and whom he regards as his gi-eatest
benefactor. He swept out the building and
built fires for his tuition, and worked in the
printing office for his books. In June, 1802,
he enlisted in the three months' service, in
Capt. Newton Harlan's Comxaany, Seventieth
Illinois Infantry. The command was stationed
at Camp Butler and Alton, 111., its princi-
pal duty being to guard rebel prisoners.
The company was mustered out in October,
1862, and in the following spring he entered
the service of the United States as a store-
keeper, at Springfield, Mo., under the late
Uri Manly, Captain and Quartermaster. He
was afterward assigned to duty at Little
Rock, Ark., where he was appointed Pur-
chasing Agent of Government supplies, and
supercargo of steamboats plying the Arkan-
sas River. His duties at times were delicate,
difficult and important,'^for one so young, yet
he performed them to the entire satisfaction
of his superiors, receiving a personal letter
of commendation from Gen. Carr, Chief
Quartermaster of the Army of the Southwest.
In consequence of a sunstroke received in
August, 1864, followed by malarial fever, he
returned to his home in November, 1864 In
February, 1865, he again enlisted in the
army, and was elected Second Lieutenant of
Company G, One Hundred and Fifty-second
Illinois Infantry. He was Clerk of the Mili-
tary Examining Board in Memphis, and was
afterward appointed by Maj. Gen. Milroy, to
take charge of the Bureau of Health and
Quarantine in said city. He was mustered
out in September, 1865, and returned home.
In the year 1866, and a greater portion of
1867, he was a compositor in the Messenger
printing office. In the early winter of 1867,
he entered the County Clerk's office as Dep-
uty, and acted as such imtil January, 1873,
when, in connection with Mi'. T. W^. Cole, he
commenced to abstract the land titles of
Clark County, and continued in said business
until 1879. One year of the time, in part-
nership with Mr. 'Eth Sutton, he published
the Marshall Messenger. He was for some
years connected with the Terre Haute Ex-
press, writing the well known " Marshall
Splinters." He served as Mayor of Mar-
shall for four consecutive terms, covering a
period of seven years. December 21, 1875,
he was united in marriage to Emma Doll,
daughter of the late Stephen Doll. One
child, a son, was born to them, which died
at the age of two years. In politics he is a
Democrat, as were all his ancestry. He has
twice been Secretary of State Democratic
Conventions, and three times Secretary of
Congressional Conventions. He is also au-
thor of the introductory part of this work,
embracing the general history of Clark
County.
ETH. SUTTON, County Judge, Marshall,
son of Noah and Lydia Sutton, is a native of
Putnam County, Ind. He was born Novem-
ber 27, 1846, and is the sixth of a family of
seven children. His father was a native of
Preble County, Ohio, where he was born in
1808. He died in same county in December,
1860. His mother descends from a Scotch
family named Gard. She is a native of
Ohio, and died when subject was but two years
52
BIOGBAPHICAL:
old. Mr. S. was raised in Indiana and
educated in the common schools of his native
State, and entered the Ashury University at
Greencastle, Ind., asapiipil, in 1863. He was
married at Greencastle, Ind,, Febniary 25,
1865, to Miss Lou Lane, a daiighter of John
F. and Parmelia Lane. She was born in
Putnam County, Ind., September 8, 1847.
They removed to Clark County, 111., in the
spring of 1867, and settled at Martinsville,
where for five years Mr. Sutton was employed
as book-keeper and salesman for the firm of
C. & G. Dimcan. In December, 1872, he
■was appointed Deputy Circuit Clerk of Clark
County, where he remained for two years, at
which time, in connection with Hamilton
Sutton, he leased the office and conducted the
publication of the Marshall Messenger for
one year. He then accepted the office of
Deputy County Clerk, until 1877, when he
resumed his former office of Deputy Circuit
Clerk, which he held until elected Comity
Judge in November, 1882, as the successor of
William R. Griffith. Mr. S. is a Democrat,
a member of the Masonic Order and I. O.
O. F. He has one daughter, Tutie Sutton,
bom in Greencastle, Ind., December 25,
1866.
THOMAS TURNEE, tailor. Marshall.
Thomas Turner was born in Derby, England,
December 25, 1825, where he grew to man-
hood, being educated in the private schools.
At the age of foui-teen, began the apprentice-
ship at the trade of tailor, at which he
served seven years, and soon after opened a
shop in his native town of Derby. Here he
continued until coming to the United States
in 1851. He remained in the City of New
York for a short time, but returned in aboiit
1853, to arrange some unsettled business. In
1861 he came to Clark County, and opened a
shop at Martinsville, where he had a lucra-
tive busiijess for many years. December,
1878, he removed to Marshall, and opened a
shop, since which time he has done a thriving
business. He was married in England in
1850, to Miss Caroline Marsh, daTighter of
Richard and Eliza Marsh. She died in
1854, in England, leaving three childi-en —
James Tm-ner, and twins who died in infancy.
Married to his present wife, Rhoda Macy, in
September, 1S62, at Martinsville. She is a
daughter of John Macy. She was born in
Union County, in the town of Liberty, Ind..
December 12, 1824. They have had one child,
a daughter, Mary Tm-ner, who was born Sep-
tember 10, 1863, and died of spotted fever in
March, 1866. They are assiduous temperance
workers, and Mrs. Turner is a faithful mem-
ber of the Methodist Episcopal Chmch of
Marshall, and is Presiding Officer of the
Good Templars Lodge, and Secretary of the
W. C. T. U. of that city.
ROBERT TWILLEY. furniture, Marshall,
is a native of "Washington County, Ind (Fred-
ericksburg), born March 4, 1833 sixth of a
family of seven childi-en of William, P. and
Sarah (Ferguson) Twilley, who came to this
county when subject was an infant, and set-
tled at Livingston where the father died
November 28, 1838. His mother died in
ilarshall December 14, 1877. :Mi-. Twilley
was raised and educated in this, Clark County,
and began business at Livingston in 1859.
conducting a grocery and provision store at
that place until 1864, when he removed to
Westfield and engaged in the drug trade
eight years. The following eight years he
was in Casey, in the same business. In
April, ISSO, he associated himself with John
R. Archer in the implement trade. Mr.
Twilley purchased the interest of Mr. Ai-cher
at the end of the first year, and continued the
business alone during the year 1881. At the
close of 1881, he sold to his former partner,
and bom^'-ht a half-interest in the furniture
MARSHALL TOWNSHIP.
55
trade — firm name, Husted & Son; location,
on Hamilton street. Subject was man-ied,
October 16, 1862, at Paris, 111., to Miss Mar-
tha A. English, daughter of Rev. Abel Eng-
lish, of Marshall, 111. She was born in New
Jersey April 9, 1835. They have a family
of two children, both born in Clark County
— Mary W., born November 12, 1864; William
A., born August 11, 1867. Mr. Twilley, wife
and daughter, are members of the Methodist
Episcopal Chui-ch at Marshall. Mr. Twilley
is also a member of the Masonic fraternity
and Knights of Honor.
WILLIAM WASHBURN, farmer, P. O.
Marshall, a son of Nathaniel and Elizabeth
Washburn, was born in Marshall Township,
on the 24th of July. 1849. His father was a
native of Manchester, Ohio, where he lived
until nine years old, when his parents re-
moved to Southern Illinois. They "^made a
residence of a few years in the locality of
Shawneetown, and came from there to Clark
County, locating where the city of Marshall
now stands. At that time there was but one
other family within the present limits of
Marshall. Here Nathaniel Washburn mar-
ried Miss Mary Polly, to whom four childi'en
were born, of whom three — Abram, Mary and
James — are now living. Mrs. Mary Wash-
burn died about 1846, in Marshall Township,
and in September of 1848, Nathaniel mar-
ried Elizabeth A. McNary, daughter of Will-
iam McNary. She was born in Columbus,
Ohio, November 18, 1824. As a result of
this union, seven children were born, of
whom subject is the eldest, and of whom
three are deceased. William was reared in
Clark County, and obtained a common school
education. He was man'ied December 2,
1872, in Casey, to Miss Viola D. Beau-
champ, daughter of William and Margaret
Beauchamp. She was born June 5, 1854, in
Casey Township, of Clark County, her par-
ents being among the pioneers of that part
of the county. Mr. Washburn's family con-
sists of iive children; viz.: Rosa B., born
September 3, 1873; Nathaniel, born April
24, 1871, and died November 1, 1877; Will-
iam H., born December 30, 1871; Gracie,
born February 15, 1880, died December 29,
1882, and Clifford Washbtirn, born October
30, 1881. Mr. and Mrs. W. are mem-
bers of the United Brethren Church. They
own a farm of fifty-eight acres in Sections
20 and 29 of Marshall Township, with a sub-
stantial residence three and one-half miles
west from the city of Marshall. Nathaniel
Washburn, father of William, died at his
residence in Marshall Township, on the 17th
day of June, 1874. The mother is still liv-
ing on the homestead, is a faithful member
of the church, and beloved by all for her
many virtues.
SILAS S. WHITEHEAD, lawyer, Mar-
shall, is a native of Putnam County, Ind.,
born June 18, 1829. His father, Silas White-
head, Sr., is remembered by all as one of the
pioneers of Clark County, who, while of lim-
ited education, wielded an extensive influence,
and always for good. He was a man of un-
bounded will power and incorruptible hon-
esty. He was born in Chatham County, N. C,
near Pittsboro, May 25, 1785, and came
to Clark County in the year 1830. He was
for many years a zealous member of the
Methodist Episcopal Church, and in politics
an old-time Democrat; however, never allow-
ing his party zeal to overcome his sense of
right. He died in Marshall September 25,
1855, having earned an enviable reputation
as a model citizen. DiU'ing the construction
of the National road he was appointed by the
Government as an overseer of a portion of
that work. His son, Silas S. Whitehead, was
educated in the common schools of Clark
County, and having decided upon the pro-
S6
BIOGRAPHICAL:
fession of law entered the office of Judge
Scholfield, under whom he read. He was ad-
mitted to the bar in 1862, since which time
he has been in active practice. Previous to
his admission (in 1853) he was elected to the
office of School Commissioner, which he held
for live successive terms. In 1864, he was
elected to the office of State's Attorney in the
counties of Clark, Cumberland, Effingham,
Shelby, Coles and Edgai-, and was re-elected
in 1868 for the counties of Clark, Crawford,
Jasper, Cumberland and Effingham. This
office was accepted by Mr. Whitehead, feel-
ing it a duty which he owed the community,
to use his ability in the suppression of the
general outlawry that existed in those turbu-
lent times of our country's history. His pol-
itics is Democratic and he is a member of
the I. O. O. F. Emily Yoiing, mother of
subject, descended from a Welsh family. She
was born in Kentucky March 26, 1807, and
was married to Silas Whitehead February
15, 1823. She died in Clai-k County in May,
1870. Mr. Whiteheai was married in Mar-
shall, February 12, 1857, to Miss Theresa
Wood, daughter of William and Mary (Gor-
don) Wood, who came from Indiana to Clark
County, III., in 1844. Mi-s. Whitehead
was born in Hancock County, Ind. , September
26, 1835. Their family consists of eight chil-
dren, two of whom died in infancy; the names
of the surviving ones are as follows: Frank
E., born April 1, 1858 ; Margaret E., born April
13, 1860, maiTied to M. Ambler; George W.
Whitehead, born September 25, 1863, married
to Miss Lulu Milburn; Benjamin G., born
November 15, 1869; Mary E., born April 11,
1871; Eichard J., born June 1, 1874.
JACOB W. WILKIN, Circuit Judge, Mar-
shall. Among the men who have made an
enviable record in Clark County is the sub-
ject of these lines. Jacob W. Wilkin is a
native of Licking County, Ohio, born near
Newark June 7, 1837. He is the son of Isaac
and Sarah Wilkin, who moved to Crawford
County, 111. , fi-om Ohio, in 1 845. He grew to
manhood in Crawford County, where he re-
ceived the elements of an English education.
In the fall of 1856, he entered the McKendi-ee
College and took the classical course in that
institution. Having decided upon the pro-
fession of law, he entered the office of Judge
Constable as a student in 1860, but conse-
quent to the election of Mr. Constable to the
Judgeship, he entered the law office of John
Scholfield. In 1862, however, he abandoned
his law studies to discharge what he felt to
be his duty in bearing his part in the main-
tenance of the Federal Union. He was mus-
tered in a Captain of Company K, of the
One Hundred and Thirtieth Illinois Regi-
ment, and was mustered out as Major of the
same regiment in September of 1865. He
participated in the siege of Vicksbui-g, Fort
Blakely, and Spanish Fort. After retm-ning
home, he was married in Marshall, September
21, 1865, to Miss Alice E. Constable, daugh-
ter of Charles and Martha Constable. She was
born at Mount Carmel, Wabash Co. 111.,
August 6, 1844. They have three childi-en —
Hem-y O., John B. and Jessie Bell Wilkin-
Both Mrs. and Mr, Wilkin are members of
the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Wil-
kin was admitted to practice law in January,
1866, and began his practice in Marshall^
where he has since practiced when his official
employment left him free to do so. He was
one of the Presidential electors from this
State in 1872. In June, 1879, he was elected
to the office of Judge of the Fourth Judicial
District, which he has thus far filled to great
acceptance. He is a member of the Masonic
order, I. O. O. F., Knights of Honor and
Knights of Pythias.
WAllASII TOWXSIIU'.
57
WABASH TOWI^SHIP.
JOHNCASTEEL, farmer, P. O. Marshall,
is a native of Bedford Comity, Penn. He
was born on the 25th of August, 1804. His
father was named Archibald, and gi-andfather
was of English birth and named Shadrack
Casteel. He came from England accompanied
by two brothers named Meshack and Abedne-
go Casteel, and from these three brothers have
sprung the families bearing their names.
Archibald Casteel was born in Pennsylvan'a,
and was married to Rebecca Dew, of Mary-
land. They had a family of eleven childien,
John being the tenth and the only one known
to be living. He came to Muskingum Coun-
ty, Ohio, with his parents when foiu' years
old. Here he grew to manhood. He became
the principal of a f lu- company, and was sent
among the Wj'andot Indians when only six-
teen years old. Hoon after this, he learned
the trade of potter, at which he worked for
several yeai's in Ohio, and afterward in Indi-
ana and Illinois. He was married in Musk-
ingum County, Ohio, on the 2d of December,
1824, to Miss Dorcas German, daughter of
William and Sai'ah German. She was born
on the 22d of January, 1801, and died Octo-
ber 80, 1869, having raised a family of six
children, of whom four are living, two of them
in this county. Mr. Casteel came to Clark
County, 111., in 1850, and settled in Living-
ston, near which place he bought land upon
which his son lives. He was formerly a mer-
chant in Brownsville, Ohio, and afterwiu'd in
this county. On the 9th of January, 1871,
he was maiTied to his present wife, Mrs. Mary
F. Rolison, widow of Owen C. Rolison and
daughter of Dr. Nathan Spencer. She was
born in Muskingum County, Ohio, on the 14th
of October, 1826, and began teaching at the
age of fourteen, and continuing imtil she was
married in 1847, to Mr. O. C. Rolison, who
died in the fall of 1866. Mr. and Mrs. Cas-
teel are members of the Methodist Episcopal
Church at Marshall.
JOSIAH CHRISTINE, farmer, P. O.
Macksville, Ind., son of David and Hannah
Christine, who were natives of Pennsylvania,
where they gi-ew to maturity and married,
soon after which they emigrated to Indiana,
from whence they came to Clark County, 111.,
in 1842. They first settled at Livingston,
but soon after bought a tract of land of Al-
exander McGregor, in the center of Wabash
Township, where David Christine died April
6, 1879. He was of German parentage, and
was a great hunter, on one occasion killing
a stag with uo other weapons than a club
and his pocket-knife. Mrs. Christine, mother
of Jo.siah, is still living, and resides in Kan-
sas City, with a daughter. They had a fam-
ily of eleven children, Josiah being the sec-
ond. He was born June 14, 1843, in "Wabash
Township, in which he remained until 1861,
when, in May, he enlisted in Company H,
Twenty-iirst Illinois Regiment, in which he
served about four years. He participated in
the battles of Liberty and Hoover's Gap,
Stone River and Chickamauga, and at the
latter engagement was made a prisoner and
held in various prison pens, including Bell
Isle, Danville and Andersonville, witness-
ing and experiencing many of the horrors of
those dens. He was released in December,
1864, and afterward joined the Thirty-third
58
BIOGRAPHICAL:
Indiana, in which he served until the close of
the war. He was married, December 31,
1867, to Miss Martha J. Brown, daughter of
John and Rachel Brown, and was born Feb-
ruary 18, 1848, in Wabash Township. Her
father was a native of Maryland, where he
was born August 3, 1806. The mother was
born May 1, 1806, in Virginia. They came
from Ohio to Crawford County, 111., where
they made a short residence, coming thence
to Clark County about 1815. The father died
September 25, 1875, and the mother Septem-
ber 25, 1878. Ml-. Christine has a family of
four children, viz : John E., born October 9,
1868; Arthur E., October 29, 1872; Charles.
May 7, 1875, and Myrtie M., October 30,
1877. They own the old Brown homestead,
consisting of eighty-three acres.
EDWAED N. COOPER, farmer, P. O.
Marshall, was born in York Township, of
Clark County, January 5, 1832. His parents
were Abuer and Rebecca Cooper, the former
a native of South Carolina and the latter of
North Carolina. His parents were married
in Butler County, Ky., and came to Clark
County, 111., in 1828. They made a residence
of several years in Walnut Prairie. About
1810, they bought eighty acres of land of
Cyrus Sharp in Section 31. They entered
124: acres in Section 32, and on the farm
thus acquired they spent the last years of their
lives. They raised a family of five children,
of whom Edward N. is the younger, and of
whom but two are living. Although raised
in the days of primitive schools, E. N. suc-
ceeded in gaining a fair business education,
mainly under the instruction of his mother,
who, though she never attended school but
three days, had a very analytical and power-
ful mind. She was bom October 11, 1796,
and died June 24, 1879. The father was born
in 1792. Mr. Cooper was married, January
17, 1865, to Miss Mary Stephens, daughter of
Elijah Stephens and Ann Smith. She was
born in Des Moines County, Iowa, August 9,
1843. Their family consists of three children
all of whom were born in Wabash Township.
Sheridan Cooper, born October 8, 1865; Min-
nie Cooper, born July 30, 1867; Robert Coop-
er, born February 23, 1870. Mr. Cooper has
a farming interest of 323 acres of land in
Wabash Township and 114 acres in Darwin
Township. Residence, eight miles east from
Marshall. He is one of the most extensive
and prosperous farmers in the county.
ANDREW CORK, farmer, P. O. Living-
ston, was born in Berkeley County, W. Va.,on
the 8th of July, 1802. He is a son of George
and Susan Cork. The father was born in
^Maryland; the mother was born in Virginia,
in which State they were married. They
made their residence for several years in Vir-
ginia, on the east side of the mountains,
where five of their family of ten children
were born, the subject of this sketch being
the iifth. In 1804, the family removed to
Harrison County, W. Va., where the other
members of the family were born. They
moved from West Virginia to Ross County,
Ohio, in 1822. There Andi-ew was married,
in 1834, to Miss Nancy Storm, of Ross
County, Ohio. She died in Ross County
in 1845, leaving a family of four- children,
besides two who died previous to the death of
their mother. Their names are John, Jane,
Eliza, Martha, Harrison and Nancy Cork.
The oldest of this family, John Cork, was
killed in Ross County, Ohio, by a thunder-
bolt. Mr. Andrew Cork was married to Miss
Frances J. Clark, his present wife, in 1849
(April 2). She is a daughter of Joseph and
Sarah Clark, and was born in Highland
County, Ohio, on the 10th of January, 1821.
They Tiave one son, Andrew Cork, Jr. He
was born in Ross County, Ohio, on the 20th
of December, 1854. He was married in Clark
AVABASII TOWNSHIP.
59
County, 111., February 10. 1875, to Miss
Zetta Ball, daughter of Morton and Elizabeth
(Leach) Ball. Zetta Ball was born in Frank-
lin County, Ohio, April 10,' 1858. Anckew
and Zetta Cork have four children — Frances
J., born November 20, 1875; William M.,
born May 16, 1877; Charles A., born Novem-
ber 2, 1879, and Elizabeth A , born January
29, 1882. Mr. Andi-ew Cork came to this
county in 1855, and settleil where his
brother, Joseph Cork, now lives. He now
owns 337 acres of land in Sections 5 and 6
of Wabash Township. The family are mem-
bers of the Methodist Episcopal Church at
Livingston.
WILLIAM DEMPSTER, farmer, P. O.
Marshall, is a native of Virginia, and was
born on the 18th of December, 1817. His
father's name was William Dempster and the
maiden name of his mother was Mary Par-
sons. Our subject was about two years old
when his parents removed from Virginia to
Morgan County, Ohio, and it was here he
grew to matiu'ity. Early in life, he mani-
fested a disposition to travel, and when yet a
young man. had visited the larger part of the
United States, besides making atrip to South
America and Australia. He came to Illinois
and Clark County in the year 1856, and lo-
cated where he now lives, on land bought of
Henry Taylor, in Section 35. He now
has a farm of 207 acres. Mr. Dempster
Vas' married in Wabash Township, on the
24th of June, 1857, to Miss Adaline Mc-
Guire, daughter of William and Susan Mc-
Guire. Her father, William McGuire, was
born in Pennsylvania August 18, 1798, and
her mother, Susan Linch, was born in the
same State on August 30 of 1798. They
grew to maturity and were married in their
native State, but afterward became pioneers
iu Butler County, Ohio, where Mrs. Demp-
ster was born June 5, 1835. She is the
ninth of a family of twelve children. The
McGuire family came from Ohio to Illinois
in 1857 and settled in the southern part of
Wabash Township, where the mother died
November 7, 1859, and the father died
on the 7th of January, 1867. Both are
buried at the Livingston Cemetery. The
McGuire family is somewhat noted for
the assistanae rendered in the struggle for
national Union. Besides the sons of William,
Peter McGuire had eight sons, all in the
war, some of whom lost their lives, others
receiving serious wounds, and still others
were confined in Southern prisons.
JACOB FISHBACK, farmer, P. O. Mar-
shall, who has for many years been a resi-
dent of Wabash Township and is extensively
and favorably known, was born in Virginia
on the 29th of December, 1816. He is a son
of Jacob T. Fishback and Sarah Wyrick.
His father was a native of Virginia, and
served in the Revolutionary war with com-
mission of Captain, soon after which service
he was married to Miss Sai-ah Wyrick, of
Virginia. Their family consisted of but one
son, the subject of these lines. In his child-
hood, Jacob was adopted by his gi-andfather
Wyrick, and with him came to Clark County,
111., in 1830. They settled on Section 9 of
Wabash Township, where his gi-andparents
died a few years later. Here Mr. Fishback
grew to manhood, having obtained the ele-
ments of an English education before leaving
Virginia. On the 18th of August, 1839, he
was married to Miss Rachel ^^■. Johnson,
daughter of James W. Johnson, of Kentucky.
She was born in Logan County, Ky. , Octo-
ber 30, 1817, and came to Clark County in
1835, where she died, December 16, 1872,
having raised a family of eight children.
Ml-. Fishback in early life learned the trade
of stone-cutter and worked at this business
rather extensively in the construction of the
60
BIOGRAPHICAL:
Cumberland road, and afterward on various
public works. He settled where he now
lives, in Section 26, in 1840. Mr. Fisbback
was formerly a Whig, and since their day has
been a Democrat. He has served his town-
ship in the official capacity of Justice of the
Peace for over twenty years, so long, in fact,
that few remember when the title of Squire
did not apply. He has been for many years
a member of the Masonic fraternity. His
present wife is Martha E. Pitman, to whom
he was married September 4, 1878. She is a
daughter of Amos Pitman and Sarah Barr.
She was born in Frederick County, Va., July
25, 1840, and came with her mother to this
county in 1854, her father having died in
Virginia. The mother died in Wabash
Townshija. The record of the Fishback fam-
' ily is as follows: Sarah J., born October 19,
184u, and married to W. W. Wyrick; Joseph
S., born October 30, 1842, married to Susan
Fletcher; Jacob P., born January 1, 1845,
married Sarah G. Orndorff; James M., born
April 10, 1847, married Orrel V. Adams;
Elizabeth, born September. 7, 1850, married
to Thomas L. Orndorff; Eliza C. , born Jan-
uary 28, 1853, married to Milton Orndorff:
Mary L., born September 4, 1855, married
W. W. Purcell; Alice R., born March 30,
1858, and died December 2, 1876.
HUGH FORBES, retired, Cohn, was born in
East Tennessee, 1804 (April 3), where he
grew to matui-ity and married Miss Eliza-
beth Brown, who was born June 8, 1804, soon
after which he i-emoved to Virginia, where
they made a residence of live years, coming
from thence to Illinois and to Edgar Coun
ty in the year 1827. He settled in or near
Livingston, Clark County, in 1834, and has
been a resident of the townshij) of Wabash
since. He served as a soldier in the Black
Hawk war. Mr. Forbes raised one son.
Dr. William R. Forbes, who was born
in Virginia on the 10th of September,
1828, who for several years was a practicing
physician located at Livingston. He died
February 13, 1859, in Marshall. Mr. Forbes
is now raising a great-grandchild, and both he
and his aged companion maintain their
youthful vigor to a remarkable degree.
W. C. FORSYTHE, farmer, P. O. McKeen,
is a son of William and Esther Forsythe. The
father, a native of Butler County, Ky. , was
born in the year 1800, raised to manhood in his
native State and married Miss Esther Ash-
more. She is a native of East Tennessee.
and is still living. The father died in 1868.
They came to Clark County from Kentucky
about 1823, and first made settlement on Big
Creek, but soon after removed to land which
they entered in the northeastern part of
Douglas Township. Upon this old Forsythe
farm it is said that no one has ever died an
ordinary death from sickness, owing, probably,
to the healthy property of the spring water
which abounds. The Forsythe family con-
sists of ten children, of whom none died under
the age of forty-five years, and of whom
eight are still living. When W. C. Forsythe
was fifteen years old, he, in company with
his brother Samuel H., crossed the plains to
California. He remained in California from
1854 to 1865, when he went to Montana and
made a residence of eight years ; he was then
two years in Texas, after which he retui-ned
home to remain, having been absentif rom the
scenes of his boyhood for twenty-one years.
He was married, December 26, 1877, to Miss
Darthulia Nicholas, widow of James Nicholas,
and daughter of Peter Snedeker. She was
born in Ohio January 20, 1854; has one
child as result of first marriage. Fairy Nich-
olas, born October 25, 1872. As the result
of present union there are two children —
Oro Forsythe, born October 26, 1878; Ophia
Forsythe, born July 12. 1880. Mr. Forsythe
WABASH TOWNSHIP.
61
is engaged in mixed husbandly, and owns a
farm of 160 acres five miles northeast from
Marshall.
JACOB FRAKER, farmer, P. O. Mar-
shall, is one of the thorough and systematic
farmers of Wabash Township. He is a
native of Switzerland, bom in the canton of
Basle on the 1st of January, 1836. His
parents are natives of Switzerland. The
father, Jacob Fraker, Sr. , was born in 1808,
and was a soldier in the French Army. He died
in Marshall, III., September 7, 1868. Eliza-
beth Schauble, mother of Jacob Fraker, Jr.,
was born in 1810, and died in Marshall, 111.,
October 5, 1863. Both are bui-ied in the
Marshall Cemetery. In 1844, they set sail
for the United States, and were forty-two
days on the ocean. They settled in Wyan-
dot County, Ohio, where they resided ten
years, and where the two younger of the three
children were born — John Fraker, on the
10thofAugust,1846, and Emil Fraker, on 24th
of November, 1848. In 1854, they removed
to Illinois and made a residence of two years
in the country near Marshall, and in 1856
came to Marshall, where the parents died as
above stated. In September, 1861, Jacob
Fraker became a member of Company F, of
Thirtieth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and
was mustered in at Cairo, 111. A.t the ex-
piration of three years, he re-enlisted and
served until the close of the war, and was
mustered out in July, 1865. From the 15th
of June, 1864, until he was mustered out,
he held the commission of First Lieutenant
of the company. He was in hospital only
about two days during his service, and con-
sequently took part in all the engagements
of his command, including the battles of
Belmont, Forts Henry and Donelsou, the
sieges of Corinth, Vicksburg and Atlanta,
and accompanied Gen. Sherman on his mem-
orable march to the sea. He was married in
Wabash Township, April 19, 1866, to Miss
Phoebe Hann, daughter of Daniel and Susan
Hann. She was born in Washington County,
Tenn., on the 26th of February, 1842, and
came to Clark County, 111., with her parents,
in 1856. Her father was born in Virginia in
1808, August 17, and her mother is a native
of Tennessee, born February 26, 1810. The
father, Daniel Hann, died in Wabash Town-
ship February 20, 1878. The mother is
still living on the old homestead in this
county. Mr. Fraker has a family of four
children, one being deceased. Ogden Fraker
was born June 23, 1868; Alvin Fraker was
born November 23, 1871; William Fraker
was born July 22. 1877; Susan E. was born
October 18, 1870, and died November 23,
of same year. Mr. Fraker' s farm consists
of 140 acres of land with good improvements;
the land is in Sections 16 and 17 of Wabash
Township. Resides two and one-half miles
east from Marshall. He is a member of the
G. A. R. and K. of H., and his wife of
Lutheran Chui'ch.
VALENTINE H.HAUN, farmer, P. O. Mar-
shall, was born in Washington County, Tenn.,
on the 11th of November, 1856. He is a son
of Daniel and Susan Haun, whose record in
this county for several years render them so
well and favorably known that no especial
word in this sketch would seem necessary.
Daniel Haun was born August 17, 1808, in
Virginia; came to ClarkCounty, 111., with his
family, in 1856, and settled in the west central
part of Wabash Township, where his death
occmTed February 20, 1878. The mother,
Susan Haun, was born in Tennessee, on the
26th of February, 1810. She is still living,
and resides with the subject of this sketch and
a daughter, on the Haun estate, consisting of
175 acres in Sections 21 and 28. Valentine
Haun was educated in the common schools,
and on the 5th of November, 1874, at Terre
63
BIOGRAPHICAL :
Hauto, Ind., he was married to Miss Rachel
Belser, daughter of William and Elizabeth
Belser. She was born in Ohio, July 1, 1847,
and died on the 8th of July, 1879, in Wa-
bash Township, leaving two sons, whose names
and ages are as follows: William Daniel
Haun, born September 13, 1875; Jacob B.
Haun, born May 20, 1877. The family are
members of the Lutheran Chm-ch. Mr. V-
Haun is a member of the I. O. O. F.
WILLM.M S. HOLMES, farmer, P. O.
Marshall, an honored resident of Wabash
Township, was born in Eastern Virginia on
the 7th of August, 1819. His father, Willis
Holmes, was also a native of Virginia, and
was born on the 5th of March, 1787, and was
raised in his native State, where he married,
in 1811. Miss Isabell Redman. They made
their residence in Virginia until 1825, dur-
ing which time three children — James. John
and William S. — were born. In 1825, the
family removed to Muskingum County, Ohio,
where the two daughters — Elizabeth and Sa-
rah A. Holmes — were born, the five children
comprising the family. In 1840, the father
sold his farm and removed to Licking Coun-
ty, Ohio, where the parents both died, the
father on the 26th of February. 1871. The
wife survived him until July, of the same
year. She was born in Virginia in Septem-
ber, 1793. Of the five children, but two are
now living — James Holmes, of Ohio, and the
subject of this sketch. William S. was mar-
ried in Muskingum County, Ohio, November
26, 1840, to Miss Sarah Ann Perry, daughter
of Thomas and Elizabeth (Walls) Perry. She
was born in Virginia on the 8th of April,
1821. Mr. Holmes removed from Licking
County, Ohio, in the spring of 1864, and set-
led where he now lives, near the city of Mar-
shall, and though not an old settler, is an hon-
ored citizen. They have had but one child,
a daughter, Mary Holmes, who was born in
Licking (bounty, Ohio, November 14, 1841.
She was married to Perry Swern, of Ohio,
and died on the 3d of July, 1873, leaving a
family of iour children, three of whom are
now in the care of oiu' subject. The grand-
children were born and named as follows:
William C. Swern, born August 30, i860;
Jay M. Swern, born February 8, 1863; Min-
nie Bell Swern, born December 25, 1866;
Hurley M. Swern, born January 1, 1870. Mr.
Holmes has 335 acres of land in Sections 3,
4, 9 and 10, of Wabash Township, and fifty-
five acres, including the residence, in Section
18, of same township. He is engaged in farm-
ing and stock-raising. They are both mem-
bers of the Christian Church of Marshall.
H. A. HUTCHISON, farmer, P. O. Cohn,
was born in Loudoun County, Va., vn the 2d
of April, 1822. His father's name was Henry
H. Hutchison, and his mother was Susan
Plaster. Both parents were born in Loudoun
County, Va., the father May 1, 1795, and the
mother April 6, 1818. They had a family of
eleven children, Henry A. being the third, and
of whom eight were born in Virginia. In 1836,
theyemigi'ated to Illinois, and bought a small
farm near the village of Livingston, where the
three younger children were born. Hemy H.
Hutchison lived in Wabash Township until
the time of his death, which occiu-red at the
residence of his son, Hem-y A., on the 15th
of December, 1875. He was a member of the
Masonic fraternity, and in political matters
was an old Jackson Democrat. Susan Hutch-
ison, mother of Hemy A,, died in September
of 1872. Henry A. Hutchison came to this
county with his parents, in 1836, and grew to
manhood, and married in Wabash Township,
where he has ever since lived. He was mar-
ried on October 1, 1854, to Miss Louisa Cas-
teel, daughter of John and Dorcas Casteel.
She was born January 4, 1833, and died on
October 10, 1855, leaving one child — John W.
WABASH TOWNSIIir.
Hutchison, born on the 30th of June, 1S55.
He was maiTied to his present wife, Nancy E.
Adams, on the 13th of April, 1858. She is a
daughter of William Adams, and was born in
Loudoun County, Va., January 11, 1834.
They have a family of five childi-en living and
four deceased: George W. Hutchison was
born February 22, 1S59, and died March 8,
1864; William H. Hutchison was born Feb-
ruary 11, 1861, and died September 28,
1862; James M. Hutchison was born Octo-
ber 20, 1862, and died February 22, 1864.
Susan L. Hutchison, born September 17,
1864; Nelson S. Hutchison, born September
19, 1866; Armenia S. Hutchison, born March
26,1870; MaryE. Hutchison, born January 29,
1874; Walter H. Hutchison, born January 19,
1876. Mr. Hutchison has a farm in Wabash
Township and one in Anderson Township,
and is engaged in general farming. He is a
Republican, and has frequently been elected
to the offices of the township. Residence ig
five miles southeast of Marshall.
CHARLES G. KNOX, farmer, P. O. Mar-
shall, was born in Delaware on the 10th of
January, 1813. He is a son of Charles Knox
and Elizabeth Griffith, both of whom are na-
tives of Delaware. They were married in
their native State, where they made their
home until 1816, in which year they emi-
grated to Muskingum County, Ohio; here the
mother died after raising ten children, of
whom Charles G. is the fom-th. His father
died in Gallia County, Ohio. Charles G.
Knox was educated in Muskingum County,
Ohio, where, on the 14th of November, 1836,
he married Miss Sarah A. Wilson, daughter
of J. W. and Elizabeth Wilson, of Zanesville,
Ohio. She was born November 2, 1820, in
Zanesville, Ohio, and educated in the Mcln-
tyre Academy. For fourteen years after
marriage, they made their home in Ohio,
during which time four childi-en were born.
In spring of 1850, they came to Illinois, and
Clark County, and settled where they now
live, on Section 23 of Wabash Township.
Here is seen the effects of their industry in
the developing of a desirable farm out of the
native forest. They now have a farm of 360
acres. • Their family consists of ten children,
of whom thi-ee are deceased. Those living
are: Eliza Knox, married to E. Lewis; Ew-
ing Knox, a graduate of McKendree College,
and now in Europe with his wife, Lena Cor-
ban, who is a noted painter; John Knox, a
graduate of the Indiana Asbm-y University,
and now a teacher; Fillmore Knox, mairied
to Miss Cai-rie Taylor; Lizzie Knox, Leroy
Knox and Nelson Knox. The family de-
scends from a pm-ely Scotch origin, and are
now members of the Methodist Episcopal
Church.
JOSEPH E. LEWIS, merchant, McKeen,
was born in Edgar County, 111. , on the 23d of
September, 1833. His father, Jonathan
Lewis, was born in Kentucky in 1808, and
when a boy came to Crawford County, Ill.>
where he grew to manhood, and where
he married Miss Celinda Cobb. She was a
native of Massachusetts, and sister to the em-
inent jurist of the Supreme Bench. She was
born in, 1814, and died in 1882. Soon af-
ter marriage, Mr. Jonathan Lewis removed
to Edgar County, 111., where he made a
brief residence, coming to Clark County in
1835. He settled on Mill Creek, and en-
gaged in farming. It is said he assisted in
the sawing a portion of the material for the
County Com^ House, which was done with
an old-style whip-saw. He died in this
county in 1854, leaving a family of eight
children, subject being the second. Thomas
E. was educated in the pioneer schools of
Clark County, and on August 9, 1861, he en-
listed in Company K, of the First Missouri
Cavalry, from which he was discharged in
64
BIOGRAPHICAL:
October, 1862, iu consequence of injuries re-
ceived in Missouri. He was married in
Wabash Township, on the 18th of November.
1855, to Miss Eliza Knox, daughter of
Charles G. and Sarah (Wilson) Knox. She
was born in Ohio January 21, 1835. They
have a family of five children, whose names
and ages are as follows: William E. Lewis,
born January 21, 1857; Rosa B. Lewis, born
October 6, 1858, deceased; John W. Lewis,
born January 25, 1860; Annie Lewis, born
December 4, 1861, deceased; Catherine
Lewis, February 16, 1864. Mr. Lewis is a
member of the Masonic fraternity. He is
Postmaster at McKeen, where he has been
engaged in mercantile business for a few
years.
WILLIAM LOWRY is a native of Jef-
ferson County, Ohio, born June 11, 1818,
son of Robert and Ruth (Pecem) Lowry;
the father a native of Washington County,
Penn., and the mother born in Providence,
R. I. They were married in Jefferson Coun-
ty, Ohio, in 1811. They had a family of ten
children, of whom William is the fom'th.
The father died in Jefferson County, Ohio,
in 1832. Ten years later, the mother with sub-
ject and five younger children came to this
county. He was married in his native
county, in 1837, to Miss Martha A. Mc-
Coy. She died in June, 1841, leaving two
children, namely, John Lowry and Eliza-
beth Moore. IVIr. Lowry was married to his
present wife, Sarah Jane Black, in 1847.
She was born in Indiana, and is the daugh-
ter of David and Charlotte Black, who came
to this county in an early day. David Black
died in Wabash Township in 1863. Her
mother, Charlotte Quick, a native of Con-
necticut, died at the residence [of William -
Lowry in 1879. As a result oE this union,
there were eight children, of whom two are
deceased. David William, born July 13,
1848; Robert A., October 12, 1849; Emily
A., August 26, 1851, wife of Albert Lauther;
Thomas, December 20, 1853, died 1855;
Charlotte J., February 9, 1856; Rachel, May
10, 1858, died 1859; William A., February
25, I860; Ruth A., May 1, 1864. Mr. Low-
ry assisted in the organization of Wabash
Township, since which time he has served
the township in official capacity for several
years, as Justice of the Peace and Township
Commissioner. In politics, he is connected
with the Democratic party.
JAMES MADISON, farmer, P. O. Mar-
shall. Among the pioneers of Clark County
should be mentioned the name of Channing
and Maria J. Madison. Channing Madison
was a native of Rhode Island, and was born
on the 13tli of Fehruaiy, 1792. When he
was about twelve years old, his parents, Joab
and PhcBbe (Waterman) Madison, removed to
Saratoga County ,~N. Y., where he grew to
manhood, and where he was educated. He
came from New York to Warren County,
Ohio, in 181 1, where, on the 21st of July,
1814, he married Miss Maria J. Todd,
daughter of Owen Todd, of Kentucky. She
was born in Kentucky, near Lexington, on
the 28th day of July, 1793. From the time
of marriage, etc., until 1838, Mr. Madison
made his home at various points in Ohio and
Indiana, during which time he was engaged
as bridge contractor on public works. In
1838, he was given suiservision of bridges
through Illinois, in the construction of the
Cumberland road, and that year settled on
the land now occupied by his sons. He erect-
ed the bridge at Big Creek, east of Marshall,
in the smnmer of 1861. He was an old-line
Whig, and afterward a zealous Republican;
taking an active though unselfish part in
local politics, yet never aspired to a political
honor. He died on the old homestead, near
Marshall, on the 22d of December, 1869, the
WABASH TOWNSHIP.
65
wifo of liis youth surviving him until De-
cember 31, 1880, and died at the mature age
of eighty-seven years. They left, as a legacy
to the county, the families of James and Ed-
win Madison, besides John, who has no fam-
ily, and one daughter, the widow of Robert
Taylor, the first pedagogue of the county.
One son, the oldest of the family was sacri-
ficed on the altar of his country in 1863.
James Madison is the third of this family of
six children, and was born in Vevay, Swit-
zerland Co., Ind. , on the 28th of January,
1822, and came to Illinois with the family in
1838. The most part of his early education
was obtained in the Marshall Seminary, uu -
dor the instruction of Dean Andrews. At
the age of twenty-five years, he entered the
office of Dr. Silas H. Smith, of Dayton,
Ohio, as a medical student, where he contin-
ued for three years. He began the practice
of his profession at West Union, Ind., and
has continued in the practice to thn present
time. Early in the war, he became a member
of Battery D, of the Second Illinois Ai-til-
larj, under his brother, Eelly Madison. He
was shortly after appointed to the position
of Assistant Surgeon of the Twenty-first Il-
linois Regiment, which position he filled for
six months. He had the honor of attending
Gen. Grant through aa attack of malarial
fever, and afterward receiving the General's
warmest compliments for his faithful and
efficient treatment. He was married in 01-
ney. III., November 4, 1848, to Miss Ellen M.
Glossbrenner. They have never been blest
with offspring of their own, but have raised
no less than eight children, who have found
beneath their roof protection and care,
and in their affections a hearty parental wel-
come. He has a farm of seventy-six acres,
in Section 18 of Wabash Township. Resi-
dence, one mile east from Marshall public
sijuare.
EDWIN MADISON, farmer, P. O. Mar-
shall, is a son of Chanuing Madison, and was
born where he now lives in Wabash Town-
ship on the 6th of November, 1839. He was
educated principally in Marshall. For a
time during the war of the rebellion, he was
connected with Batterj' D of the Second Illi-
nois Artillery, and later became a member of
Company F of the Thirtieth Illinois^olun-
teer Infantry. Retm-uing home, be turned
his attention to the study of law, and attend-
ed law lectures at' Ann Arbor, Mich. He
was married in Marshall on the 28th day of
December, 1865, to Miss Cecelia Huston, of
Marshall She was born in Ohio January
8, 1843. They have one daughter, Ada E.
Madison, born November 5, 1866, and one
son, Relly Madison, born May 11, 1872, and
died in infancy. Subject owns a farm of
eighty-nine acres, in Section 18 of Wabash
Township, including an orchard of seventeen
acres. He is engaged in farming and fruit-
growing. John Madison was born in Cin-
cinnati, Ohio, June 26, 1825, and came to
this county with the family in 1838; and has
been a resident ever since, with the exception
of two years spent in California. He mar-
ried in November, 1853, to Miss Elizabeth
Newton, who was born in Cincinnati June
30, 1835, and died in Clark County, HI.,
in 1859, having lost one daughter who died
in infancy. John Madison is a full fledged
Republican, a member of the I. O. O. F.,
and a graduate of the law school of Cincin-
nati, Ohio, but has never entered the prac-
tice. Relly Madison, the oldest son of Chan-
ning Madison, was proficient as civil en-
gineer. He was a Lieutenant in the Mexican
war, crossing the plains five times dm-ing
its progress. He was an officer in Battery D
of the Second Illinois Ai-tillery, and died at
Corinth, Miss., on the 21st of April, 1863,
leaving a wife who still survives him.
66
BIOGRAPHICAL:
ALEXANDER McGEEGOE. Died at
his residence in Wcabash Township, three
miles east of Livingston, December 20,
1877, Alexander McGregor, aged seventy-
one years. He was born in Perth, Scotland,
in 1806, and emigrated to America at the age
of twenty, and settled in Cohimbia, S. C.
He was by trade a stone mason, and was en-
gaged as builder on the State House in Co-
lumbia. He came to this coiinty in 1836,
whei'e he remained until his death, and dur-
ing the construction of the National road
was employed as contractor on the stone
work. In January, 1846, he was married to
Jane Wood. He leaves thi-ee children, viz. :
Joseph, William and Lizzie. After his mar-
riage, he had been a resident of Wabash
Township, where he died, being much at-
tached to his neighborhood and neighbors,
contented and happy to remain among them,
and greatly devoted to his family. He be-
came a member of the Methodist Episcopal
Church in 1854, of which society he was ever
after an ornament. Mr. McGregor made but
little noise in the busy world during his long
and faithful life, yet few men, on leaving it,
have left so many heartfelt regrets at his
loss; so many kind memories of his upright,
righteous life; his noble kindness and gentle-
ness of heart, and so few faults to be apolo-
gized for by his friends. Alexander Mc-
Gregor was, in the fullest extent, an honest
man, whose word was as lasting as the hills,
and whose kindness endeared him to all who
knew him, and with whom his memory will
remain forever green. Few men were his
equals, if any were superior, in moral worth,
and, old as he was, his place will be difficulfr
to fill.
L. MURPHY, farmer, P. O. Terre Haute,
one of the first farmers of Clark County,
and owner of the Willow farm, in Wabash
Township, was born in Lincoln County, Ky. ,
June 3, 1815. His father, Thomas Murphy,
was born in the same county, on the 9th of
November, 1788, and his grandfather, John
Morgan, was a native of Ireland, where he
grew to manhood, and afterward became a
soldier in the British Army. He came to
America with the army in the time of the
Revolution, but in company with thirty of
of his comrades, deserted the English stand-
ard and made their way to Vincennes, Ind. ,
from where they took a Southern course and
made a settlement in Lincoln County, Ky.
After settling here, Mr. Morgan changed his
name, taking the name of Murphy, the
maiden name of his mother. Here he mar-
ried a woman named Sarah Turner, of Vir-
ginia, and raised a family, of whom Thomas
Murphy was the youngest. Thomas Murphy
received the benefits to be derived from the
pioneer schools of Kentucky. He was mar-
ried in his native county on the 15th of Au-
gust, 1811, to Miss China Stephens, who was
born in Virginia May 19, 1788. They raised
a family of ten children, of whom Liberty
Murphy is the third, and of whom all but one
grew to maturity. Thomas Murphy removed
his family from Kentucky to Crawford County,
111., and settled near Palestine, in 182(5,
where the parents spent the rest of their
lives. The father died March 17, 1837, and
the mother died in Hutsonville, Crawford
County, February 25, 1853. Liberty Mur-
phy was married in Crawford County, in
March, 1835, to Miss Margaret Seaney.
daiighter of Samuel and Catherine Seaney,
She was born in Crawford County, in 1819,
and died June 29, 1837, leaving one daugh-
ter, Sarah Jane Mm-phy. After the death of
his wife, Mr. Murphy returned to the scenes
of his boyhood, where he took the trade of
cabinet-maker, at which he worked some
years, principally in Crawford County, 111.
He was married to his present wife. Miss
WABASH TOAVNSHIP.
67
Cynthia M. Hall, at Darwin, on the 24th of
November, 1840. She is a daughter of Elijah
and Eunice Hall, and was born in Genesee
County, N. Y., February 13, 1822. She came
to this county, from Vigo County, Ind., with
her parents in 1836. Here her mother died
September, 1845, and her father in February,
1846. leaving a family of ten childi'en, of
whom Mrs. Murphy is the eighth. Mr. Mur-
phy has a family of five children, but one
of whom is living: A. E. Murphy, bom April
8, 1843, and died December 16, 1844; Adel-
bert B. Miu-phy, born February 8, 1846, and
died November 15, 1863; Helen M. Murphy,
born May 3, 1850, died May 28, 1851; John
Franklin Murphy, born October 23, 1860.
Mr. Miu-phy located on what is known as the
Willow farm, consisting of 320 acres, in 1854.
He is a member of the Masonic fraternity.
ISRAEL ORNDOKFF, farmer, P. 0. Mar-
shall. Toward the close of the eighteenth
century a man named Orndorff came fr^.im
Germany and settled in Pennsylvania. He
was then a young man, and soon married and
raised a family of twelve children, of whom
nine were sons. After the death of his wife,
he moved to Frederick County, Va. , where
he again married and became the father of a
second family of twelve children, and as in
the first, nine were sons. Seven of these
sons were in the war of 1812, serving in the
same company. As a farther illustration of
the fertility of this family, we are told that
four of the nine brothers married and settled
in Virginia, on adjoining farms, and were
blessed with eleven children each. The fa-
ther of om- subject, Levi Orndorff, was a
member of the second nine, and born in Vir-
ginia about 1791; married to Eleanor Young,
who was also a native of Virginia, and was
born about 1799. She died in her native
State in 1857, and Levi Orndorff died in
1864 Israel Orndorff was first married to
Mrs. Sarah Pitman, widow of A. Pitman, and
daughter of Samuel Barr, of Virginia, on the
26th of September, 1847. She was born in
Frederick County, Va., January 29, 1816,
and died in Coles County, 111., March 6, 1882,
leaving a family of four children — Lewis C.
Orndorff, born in Virginia September 6.
1848, and married to Miss Delilah Evans;
Milton A. was born in Virginia August 5,
1850, and married Eliza A. Lane, nee Fish-
back; Newton E. was born in Virginia De-
cember 15, 1853, and married Miss Susan
Gaily; Jasper L. was born in Clark County,
111., June 15, 1858. In 1882, IMi-. Orndorff
was married to Mrs. Nancy C. Taylor, widow
of Eev. William Taylor, and daughter of
Daniel Ball and Mary A. Plummer. She
was born in Knox County, Ohio, on the 1st
of February, 1836, and is the seventh of a
family of ten children. Her father was born
in Pennsylvania in 1800, and died on the
17th of March, 1865. Her mother was a na-
tive of Maryland, born in 1802, and died
August 5, 1854. Mrs. Orndorff was married
to William Taylor October 6, 1853. He
died June 25, 1875, leaving a family of eight
children, all born in Clark County — John
W. was bom July 27, 1854, and is married
to Miss Maggie Armstrong; Mary C. was
born December 16, 1856, and is married to
Leroy Sears; Carrie J. was born December
31, 1859, and is married to Fillmore Knox;
Rosetta I. was born November 17, 1863, and
is married to George Davidson; William H.
was bom October 17, 1865; George W. was
born April 10, 1868; Flora E. was bom July
31, 1870; Charles E. was born October 15,
1878. Mr. and Mrs. Orndorff are members
of the Presbyterian Church.
GEORGE G. PLATZ, farmer, P. O. Mar-
shall, was born in Alsace, France, near the
Rhine River, on the 9th of April, 1817. His
father, Jacob Platz, was born in Colmar,
68
BIOGKAPHICAL:
France, December 20, 1778, and his mother,
Barbara Vogel, was born at the same jalace,
on the 5th of March, 1787. They resided
in France until 1832, when they sailed in
the ship Mercy for the United States, and in
the same year made settlement in Erie
County, Penn. , where they died at a matured
age. The father, Jacob Platz, was for eight
years an officer in the army of Napoleon I,
and until his death, drew a pension in conse-
quence of wounds received. He had a fam-
ily of eight children, of whom six grew to
maturity. One of the six, Charles Platz,
sacrificed his life in the army. George G.
Platz was educated in the German language
in the old country and in Pennsylvania; he
studied for the ministry. He was licensed
to preach in 1844, and was sent by the con-
ference to the Mount Carmel Mission, em-
bracing about thirteen counties in Illinois
and Indiana, and including this county.
For twenty-eight years he remained in the
active itineracy, in which time he filled the
office of Presiding Elder for thirteen years.
He was married at Germantown, Wayne Co.,
Ind., April 13, 1848, to Miss Sarah Baum-
gaj-dner, daughter of Jacob and Elizabeth
Baumgardner. She was born in Pennsyl-
vania August 4, 1824. Their family con-
sists of nine children, two of whom died in
infancy — Nim^od J. was born in Cook
County, III, September 25, 1851 (he is
married to Miss Elizabeth Dawson) ; Mahala
A., born in "Wayne County, Ind., December
18, 1S53 (she is married to Peter Dietrich);
Noah F. was born in Miami County, Ind.,
June 12, 1857 (married to Miss Susan Roth) ;
Moses, born in Miami County, Ind., June
11, 1859; Amanda M. was born in Wayne
County, Ind., Jantiary 6, 1861; Charles E.
was born in Indianapolis, Ind., June 8, 18G4;
Levi G. was born in Clark County, 111., De-
cember 7, 1866. In September, 1864, Mr.
Platz moved his family to this county, and
located where they now live, one mile north-
east from Marshall, where they have a farm
of eighty-two and a half acres. They are
members of the Evangelical Association.
ADDISON ROBINSON, farmer, P. 0.
Maoksville, Ind., is a native of Fauquier Coun-
ty, Va., born August 31, 1832, and is the
second of a family of six children of Moses
and Elizabeth Robinson, who emigrated to
Illinois and settled in Wabash Tovmship in
January, 1850. Addison went to Arkansas in
1852, where he remained about three years,
dm-ing which time, June 30, 1852, he was
married to Miss Sarah A. Creasey, daughter
of Pleasant and Eliza W. Creasey. She was
born January 14, 1835, in Clark County, 111.
Her parents are natives of Virginia, and pre-
ceded the family of Mr. Robinson in settle-
ment in this county, but afterward moved to
Arkansas, where the father died, and where
the mother is living. Mi's. Sarah A. Robin-
son died in Wabash Township June 7, 1879,
leaving a family of twelve children — Moses,
Mary E., Harriet A., William H., Charles
E., George D., Pleasant J., Ann, John, Lu-
cius, Minnie and Rose. Mr. Robinson was
married to his present wife, Lizzie McGreg-
or, on the 19th of September, 1882. She
is a daughter of Alexander and Jane Mc-
Gregor, and was born July 9, 1854, in Wa-
bash Township. On another page will be
found an obituary of A. McGregor, which
was clipped from the IlUnoisan. Mrs. Jane
(Wood) McGregor died in Wabash Township
in 1878. She was born May 23, 1814, in
South Carolina, and came with the family to
this county, 1827. Mi-. Robinson is a mem-
ber of the Masonic order and Baptist Chiu-ch.
Politics Democratic, and is the present
Justice of the Peace in his township.
LUCIUS ROBINSON, Macksville, Ind.,
was born January 28, 1838, in Fauquier
WABASH TOW^rSHIP.
6&
County, Va. Is a son of Moses and Eliz-
abeth (Campbell) Robinson, natives of Vir-
ginia, the former being born Mai'ch 4,
1801, and the father of six children, of
whom Lucius is the youngest. The fam-
ily', save the mother, settled in Wabash
Township, Clark County, this State, in 1850,
where the father died December 10, 1862.
The mother of our subject died in Virginia,
and the father was mai-ried a second time to
Juliet Norris, the result being two children.
This wife came with Moses Robinson to this
county, as mentioned above. Lucius had
some chance of the country schools. He was
married, November 17, 18G2, to Hannah Tet-
ley, a daughter of John Tetley, who died
when she was but two years old, boin^ suffo-
cated in a sand bank at Terre Haute, Ind.
Her mother, Naomi, died at the same city
with a congestive chill. Mrs. Robinson made
her home with her uncle, Michael Tetley.
She has blessed her husband with nine chil-
dren, viz.: Addison, born ou April 15, 1864;
Lusana, born May 15, 1867; Lucius, born
October 27, . 1869; Hannah, born October
17, 1870, and died November 7, 1871 ; Eliza-
beth, born August 24, 1874; John, born July
21, 1876; Florence, born January 18, 1878;
Nettie, born Januaiy 31, 18S1, and an infant
born and died March, 1863. Mi-. Robinson
owns two farms, aggregating 273 acres, on
which he raises stock, etc. He is a Demo-
crat. Has been Township Constable.
MARION F. ROLLINGS, farmer, P. O.
Dennison, is a son of Joseph Rollings and
Lovina Cooper, and was boru in Edgar
Coimty, 111. , November 30, 1 848. His father,
Joseph Rollings, is a native of Loudoun
County, Va., born January 26, 1823. From
Virginia, he went with his parents to Ohio
while yet a small boy; here he grew to man-
hood, and married Miss Hannah Hanks. She
died soon after moving to this State in 1845.
His present wife, Lovina Cooper, is a daugh-
ter of William Cooper, and was born in Penn-
sylvania in the month of February, 1822,
and came to this county with her parents
when a child. Mr. Joseph Rollings was a
member of Company F, Thirtieth Illinois
Volxmteer Infantry. He enlisted in Septem-
ber, 1861, and was discharged on account of
physical disability on the 26th of November,
1862. He participated in the battles of Bel-
mont, Fort Henry and Fort Donelson. He
is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and
owns a farm of 120 acres on the border of
Clark and Edgar Counties. Residence in
Wabash Township, Clark County. His fam-
ily consists of seven children, of whom Ma-
rion F. is the eldest, the other members
being Mary, William T., Hannah, Lovina,
Vilinda and George W. Rollings. Marion
F. was educated in the common schools, and
married, on the 8th of April, 1875, to Miss
Louvisa Fry, daughter of John and Lucy A.
Fry. The father, a native of Indiana, and
the mother of Virginia. Louvisa (Fry) Rol-
lings was born in Indiana (Green County),
on the 16th of July, 1859. They have
three children, all born in Clark County —
Auta M., born March 5, 1876; Josephine,
born April 1, 1878; Fredrick, born June 6,
1880; M. F. Rollings is a member of the
Masonic order, and in politics a Democrat,
and has served Wabash Township as Justice
of the Peace for four years. He is the pres-
ent Town Clerk, and an insurance and claim
agent.
JOHN C. SACKS, farmer, P. O. Marshall,
is a native of Bavaria, Germany, and was
born December 27, 1827. His father, Nicho-
las Sacks, was born in Germany in 1805, and
his mother, Elizabeth Shallar, was also of
German birth, date of birth 1812. The father
was for six years a member of the German or
Prussian Army. They raised a family of
70
BIOGRAPHICAL.
eight children, of whom John C. is the old-
est. They came to the United States in
1839; and settled in Montgomery County,
N. Y., where they had their residence until
1851, when they removed to Terre Haute,
Ind. In the latter place they died, the
mother in 1866 and the father in 1878.
John C. Sacks is by trade a railroad engineer,
as was also his father. He has been engaged
on many of the roads of the Eastern States,
and has ridden the engine in all about
twenty-two years. He was married in Terre
Haute, Ind., September 6, 1855, to Miss
Jill i a Stocker. Her parents, John W. and
Margaret (Bader) Stocker were both natives of
Prussia, where the mother died, 1841. The
father was bom December 24, 1797, and
came to the United States with his family in
1849. Mrs. Sacks was born March 28, 1836.
Her father settled in Terre Haute, is still
livine, and married to Elizabeth Snvder. In
1866, Mr. Sacks removed from Terre Haute
to Darwin Township, Clark County, where
the family made a residence of six years, en-
gaged in farming. They then returned to
the city of Terre Haute, and lived until
March of 1878, when he again moved into
this county, having bought 120 acres of what
is known as the McCowen farm in Wabash
Township. Their family consists of seven
childi-eu — Emma, born January 27, 1859,
and married to Herman Ramme; Henry, born
October 22, 1861; Carrie, born January 21,
1866; Fritz, born March 23, 1869; Charlotte,
born August 18, 1871; Rosa, born July 24,
1874; Sophia, born September 24. 1877.
The family are members of the Lutheran
Church, and_ Mr. Sacks is a member of the
A. O. U. W., at Terre Haute.
WILLIAM SETTLE, mechanic, Cohn, was
born in Virginia on the 7th of April, 1815.
He was the son of Enoch Settle and Dorothy
Wade. In early life, he acquired tlie trade
of carpenter, to which he afterward added
the trade of cabinet-maker, and later still
that of cooper. When about twenty-two
years old, he came to Illinois with his uncle,
James Parker, and in 1839 settled in Wood-
ford County, where he followed his trade of
builder for several years. He worked in dif-
ferent parts of Northern and Central Illinois
until 1852, when he came to Clark County
and worked at cabinet-making some years in
Marshall ; he afterward learned the cooper trade
with Daniel Knowles, at which he worked most
of the time until compelled by loss of health to
desist from hard labor. In 1861, he became
a member of Battery B, Second Illinois Ar-
tillery, in which he served about one year
and was discharged on account of physical
disability. He has never married and has
been faced by much of what might be called
the dark picture, but has tried ever by his
open-hearted honesty to give a lining of sil-
ver to each dark cloud. His closing life has
been made sunny by a handsome pension
from the Government, which enables him to
live in ease and own a small farm of 120
acres in Wabash Township, He is a member
of the Protestant Methodist Church.
ROBERT SMITH, farmer, P, O Terre
Haute, is one of the first farmers of Wabash
Township and a man who, by his sterling
worth and genial manner, has made himself
known to a large circle of people in this
county. He was born in Belmont County,
Ohio, on the 1st of June, 1827. His father,
whose name was Robert Smith, was born on
the 2d of February, 1795, in Ireland. In
1818, he came to the United States and was
a Government contractor on the construction
of the National Road from Cumberland, Md.,
to Indianapolis, lud. He was married in
Butler County, Penn., in 1823, to Miss Jane
McCandless. She was born on December 13,
1800, in Butler County, Penn., and was a
WABASH TOWXSIIIP.
73
cousin to Secretarj' Hamilton Fish. They
raised a family of eleven childi'en, of whom
our subject is the third. In 1829, they sot-
tied in Licking County, Ohio, where Robert,
jr, grow to manhood, in the meantime receiv-
ing an education in the High School of New-
ark, Licking County. For a few years, be-
ginning with 1849, he was engaged in tavel-
ing and teaching. While engaged as teacher
in Crawford County, he went on a visit to his
brother, George Smith, in Wabash Township,
Clark County, and by him was induced to pur-
chase the land upon which he now lives. On
the 24th of February, 1856, he was married
at Livingston, to Miss Rebecca Birch,
daughter of Johnson Birch and Sarah Col-
well. The parents were each born in Ten-
nessee, the father in 1785 and her mother in
1792. They were married in Tennessee and
raised a family of twelve children, of which
Mrs. Smith is the younger. She was born
in Garret County, Ky. , September 9, 1831.
Her parents came to Illinois and settled in
Livingston in 1834, where for some years
they kept a hotel, and where they died. The
mother died in 1855 and the father in 1859.
Mr. Smith has been a successful farmer, and
is now enjoying the fruit of his labor in see-
inw his farm in a good state of cultivation
and very substantially improved. His health
was much impaired, due to long and contin-
ued confinement in the school room, where
he was an earnest and efficient teacher. The
writer of this sketch has a distinct recollec-
tion of havino; the advantage of IVIr. Smith's
teaching when he was a tow-headed boy of
nine or ten winters. They have a family of
three children — "William C. J., born Febru-
ruary 2, 1857; Jennie, born September 17,
1860, and married to William C. Kuyken-
dall, of Vigo County, Ind. ; Sarah Martha^
bom October 11, 1862. The family are
members of the Congregational Church.
JOSIAH SNEDEKER, farmer, P. O. Mc-
Keen, one of the reliable farmers of ^V'abash
Township, was born in Belmont County,
Ohio, on the 5th of April, 1819. His father,
Garret Snodeker, was born in Virginia, in
1796, and went from there to Ohio when
young. In Belmont County, Ohio, he grew
to maturity, and married Miss Nancy Stew-
art; she was born in Ohio in 1798. They
had a family of ten children, Josiah being
the second of the family. He was principally
raised in Knox County, Ohio, and says he
made the shingles for the roof of the first
brick foundry ever built in Mount Vernon,
and also to roof the first mill ever built in
Marshall. He was married in Knox County,
Ohio, December 26, 1839, to Miss Sarah
Glasener, daughter of John Glasener and
Mary Holmes. She was born July 8, 1821,
in Harrison County, Ohio. Her father was
born in 1797, in Maryland, and her mother
was born in 1801 in Ohio. They raised a
family of thirteen children, Sarah being the
second. Her father died on the 4th of Octo-
ber, 1855, and the mother still survives.
Mr. Snedeker's parents died as follows: The
father, July 3, 1877, and the mother March
2, 1839. Subject came to Illinois and to
Clark County in 1845, and in November of
that year settled where he now lives, in the
northwestern part of Wabash Township.
He has a farm of 287 acres in Section 28.
They have a family consisting of eleven chil-
dren, of whom seven are living — John G.
Snedeker, born in Ohio October 5, 1840,
soldier, died at Memphis, December 18, 1862;
Nancy Snedeker, born in Ohio November 9,
1842, died January 23, 1851; Mary Sned-
eker, born in Ohio March 19, 1845, married
to Oliver Butler November 20, 1865; Will-
iam N. Snedeker, born in Illinois June 19,
1847, veteran soldier, maiTied to Miss
Sophia Hukil September 8, 1870; Sarah E.
74
BlUGKAPHICAL:
Snedeker, born ia Illinois September 29,
1849, married to James P. Benson January
13, 1868; Joseph H. Snedeker, born Febru-
ary 9, 1852, and died Aiigust 11, 1854;
Francis M. Snedeker, born March 24, 1854,
married to Martha A. Blundell September
20, 1877; Julius A. Snedeker, born April 22,
1856, married to Dora Park January 8,
1879; Lucetta A. Snedeker, born August 24,
1858, died May 27, 1859; Lucy Jane Snede-
ker, born April 13, 1860, married to G. K.
Lycan May 22, 1882; Josiah Q. Snedeker,
born November 16, 1864, teacher. Mr. and
Mrs. Snedeker have been 'members of the
Methodist Episcopal Church for more than
forty years.
HENRY TAYLOR, deceased, whose por-
trait appears in this book, was born March
21, 1804, in Pennsylvania, in which year he
removed with his parents to Ohio. He came
to Illinois in 1821, settling in the then wilds
of Wabash Township, where he died Febru-
ary 25, 1879. He was married to Jane Hick-
lin. Her father, Jonathan Hicklin, was
born in 1771 and died in 1877, and her
mother, Jane, was born in 1769 and died in
1829 They came to this county in 1821,
accompanying Henry Taylor. Her father's
family spent their first night in this country
on the bare ground and in a large snow.
Mr. Taylor's union gave him eight children,
viz. : Jane, the wife of A. Shirely; Mary A.,
the wife of W. B. Woods; Samuel; William
H. ; Robert H. ; M. J., the wife of M. Bad-
ger; M. Rosetta, the wife of O. J. Hunt;
John F. ; Flora E., the wife of William Mc-
Cann. Mi-s. Taylor is enjoying good health
on the old homestead, with her son John F. ,
who was born June 15, 1844, in Clark
County, 111. He received such an education
as the country schools afforded him, in those
days of the log cabins. He has always
strictly attended to the rural pursuits of life.
He was married May 10, 1881 to Lizzie Hill,
a daughter of Rev. Robert H. and Mary
(Woods) Hill. The result of this union has
been one child — William F. Mr. Taylor is a
stanch Republican. His wife is a member of
the Presbyterian Church.
ROBERT B. TAYLOR, Marshall, is a na-
tive of Wabash Township, Clark County, and
was born on the 25th day of September,
1837. His father, Henry Taylor, was born
in Pennsylvania Mai-ch 21, 1804, and re-
moved with his parents, Robert and Jane
Taylor, to Hamilton County, Ohio, while an
infant. When he was thirteen years old, he
removed to what is known as Shaker Prairie,
where he grew to manhood. He came to
where Livingston now stands, where he was
engaged to work for Jonathan Hicklin, whose
daughter he married March 31, 1825. Mrs.
Jane (Hicklin) Taylor was born on the 22d
of November, 1806, in Woodford County,
Ky., and has been a resident of Wabash
Township since sixteen years old, longer in
fact than any one now living. Her father, J.
Hicklin, settled in the township in 1821, and
died near Pana, 111. , at the advanced age of
one hundred and six years. Henry and Jane
Taylor had a family of ten childi-en, of whom
five are now deceased. Three sons — Samuel,
John and our subject — still live in the town-
ship. Robert H. Taylor, was educated in the
pioneer log schoolhouses of the township,
and was married, October 14, 1857, to Miss
Naomi Neal, a daughter of Elza and Jane
Neal. She was born in Marshall June 1,
1838, and died at the same place August
15, 1879, leaving a family of six chil-
dren, of whom two are dead — Clara
B. Taylor, born October 26, 1859, died
June 13, 1863; William C. Taylor, born Sep-
tember 28, 1861, died June 9, 1863; Cassius
E. Taylor, born August 28, 1863; Florence
N. Taylor, born December 26, 1865; Rice H.
WA15.V.SII TOWNSHIP.
75
Taylor, boru September 9, 1869; Mirtie J.
Taylor, born April 9, 1874. Subject was
married to Miss Lucinda Belser February 24,
1880; she was born in June, 1833: her
father, William L. Belser, was a native of
Highland County, Ohio, and was born July
2, 1S17, and is still living. The mother,
Elizabeth Belser, was born in Floyd County,
Ind., February 24, 1824, and died in Clai-k
County October 28, 1880. Mr. Taylor is a
successfal farmer, and has 212 acres of land
in Section 22 and 27 of Wabash Township.
He is a Bepublican, a member of the Mason-
ic fraternity, and I. O. O. F.
WILLIAM H. THOilPSON, farmer, P.
O. Marshall. There are but f(iw families in
Clark County whose connections with the
county have been of longer dm'atiou or of
gi'eater benefit than the name under consid-
eration. Daniel Thompson was born in Vir-
ginia in December, 1801, and was removed,
with his parents, Thomas and Nancy Thomp-
son, to Kentucky, in or about 1814. Here
Daniel grew to be a man,and married Miss Ku-
annah Hughes, daughter of Ishmael and Su-
san Hughes. She was boru in Virginia in
1809. They came to Clark County and en-
tered land in Wabash Township in 1827, and
here the father died on the 12 th of March,
1873. The mother has since married Stephen
Archer, who is another of the county's pio-
neers. Daniel and Euannah Thompson had
a family of ten children, some of whom are
among the substantial farmers of Wabash
Township. William H., the third of the fam-
ily, was born in this county on the 22d of
December, 1829. His early education con-
sisted of such school advantages as were to be
obtained in the pioneer log schoolhouses.
He was married, September 2, 1852, to Miss
Sarah C. Edgerton, daughter of Cyrus and
Roxanna Edgerton. She was born in Vigo
County, Ind., on the 24th of November, 1832.
Their family consists of fourteen childi-en, of
whom seven are deceased. William C, born
June 24, 1853; MaryF., born August 8, 1854;
Daniel, born January 15, 185G; Cyrus, born
July 1, 1858; Hem-ietta, born August 20,
1859; Josephine, deceased, born August 24,
1861; JohnD. , deceased, born November 2,
1862; Emily J., deceased, born January 29,
1864; Aaron S., deceased, born May 20, 1865;
Archie, born December 25, 1869; Amy A.,
deceased, born August 28, 1871; Oliver K,
deceased, born Marcli 27, 1873; Hattie, de-
ceased, born March 25, 1875. Mr. Thompson
owns a farm of 240 acres in Section 25. of
Wabash Township. He is a member of the
Baptist Church.
FRANK TRAVIOLI, farmer, P. O. Mar-
shall. Prominent among the farmers in Clark
County is Frauk Travioli. His father was
Dominickel Travioli, a native of Italy, and
born in 1775. In early life he became a sol-
dier in the French Army, serving twelve years
under the great French conqueror. Napoleon.
Travioli was, on several occasions, wounded,
and finally taken prisoner by the English
Government. In the beginning of 1813, he
was offered release from his imprisonment on
the condition that he become a soldier in the
English ranks and participate in au expedi-
tion to Canada against the Americans. This
he consented to do, but at the battle of Platts-
burg, in Northern New York, he manifested
his disapproval of the English policy toward
Americans by deserting, and going within the
American lines for support or protection. Af-
ter the war, he associated himself with a
French colony then established in Jefferson
County, N. Y., and followed the trade of shoe-
maker for many years. In 1818, there was an
influx of Massachusetts people settled in this
same county, and among them was the family
of Parker Chase. A daughter of this family.
Miss Abagail Chase, was married to D. Trav-
76
BIOGRAPHICAL:
ioli, in 1819, and became the mother of ten
children, of whom Frank Travioli is the third.
The family continued their residence in Jef-
ferson County, N. Y., until 1837, where the
eight children were born. In that year they
removed to Licking County, Ohio, where the
parents made their residence until 1861. The
father came to Clark County in that year and
made his home with his children, and died at
the residence of Napoleon Travioli in 1863.
The mother was born July 27, ] 797, and died
at the home of George Smith, in June, 1876.
Frank Travioli was born in Jefferson County,
N. Y.. April 16, 1824. Educated in Gran-
ville, Licking Co., Ohio, where he was mar-
ried, June 11, 1848, to Miss Sarah M. Tie-
bout, daughter of Henry Tiebout and Susan
Enyart, both of whom are of Dutch descent.
The father was born in New York City June
30. 1792. He was by trade a ship architect,
and constructed the two sailing vessels for
John Jacob Astor which were lost on the Pa-
cific coast toward the middle of this century.
He married, September 21, 1826, in Licking
County, Ohio, Miss Susan Enyart, daughter
of Eufus and Sarah Enyart. She was born
in Hamilton County, Ohio. October 17, 1803.
They raised a family of seven children, of
whom Mrs. Travioli is the eldest, and was
born September 19, 1828. Her father died
in Ohio October 31, 1849, and the mother in
August of 1878. Frank Travioli came to
this county in 1849, and has "ever since been
a resident of Wabash Township,' which he as-
sisted in organizing, and of which he was the
first Assessor. In addition to his farming in-
terest, he has, for many winters, engaged in
school teaching,and in various ways has added
to the eSiciency of the schools of the town
ship. His family consists of twelve children,
of whom but one is dead. Aurelia, born March
13, 1849, died August 30, 1872; Celia C,
born May 8, 1850, and mai-ried to J. W. Ad-
ams; Florence, born December 15, 1851, and
manned to Virgil Carr; George^ born April
12, 1853, and married Mollie Elswoi'th; Ira,
born January 11, 1856, and man-ied Henri-
etta Thompson; Howard, born February 11,
1858; Clara M., born November 15, 1859,
married W. Elliott; Joseph, born March 13,
1862; Martha, born October 8, 1863; Rosa,
born September 18,1806; Maggie, born March
6, 1869; Ogden, born February 16, 1871.
Mr. and Mrs. Travioli are members of the
Methodist Episcof)al Church, and have a farm
in Wabash Tovraiship of 330 acres, including
three frame dwellings.
GEORGE WARSHTLER, farmer, P. O.
Marshall, was born in Stark County, Ohio,
on the 10th day of May, 1845. His parents,
Jonathan and Mary (Hossler) Warshtler, were
natives of Stark County, Ohio. The father
was born in IS 10, grew to manhood, married,
raised a family,and died within one mile of the
place where he was born. The mother of oui-
subjectjWas born in September, 1815, and is at
this time living in Stark County, Ohio. This
family consisted of eleven children, George
being the seventh, and of whom seven are
deceased. George was raised and educated
in his native county, where, in September,
1867, he married Miss Mary Mooshower. She
is a daughter of Allen and Anna Mooshow-
er, and was born in Pennsylvania, and came
with her parents to Ohio, when young. Mr.
Warsbtler came to this county from Ohio
in 1871 (October) and settled in Wabash
Township, where he bought a farm of eighty
acres in Section 20, upon which he now lives.
Their family consists of six children, of
whom three were buried the same month.
Jemima Warshtler was born in Stark Coun-
ty, Ohio, Oc+ober 28, 1869; Clara Warshtler
was born in Stark County, Ohio, August 1,
1871, and died in this county February 16,
1877; Curtis L. Warshtler was born in Clark
CASEY TOWNSHIP.
■?7
bounty, 111., October 24, 1873, and died
Februai-y 25, 1877; Harry A. Warsh tier was
born in Clai-k County Juno 26. 1875, and
died February 26. '1877; jVrmautlia Warshtler
was born in Clark County August 30, 1877;
Emma Warshtler was born in Clark County,
June 27, 1882. They are members of the
Presbyterian Church at Oak Grove.
CASEY TOAYNSHIP.
BEONSON L. ADAMS, express agent,
Casey. The efficient express agent of this
place was born in Clark County, Ind., A[jril
2, 1851, son of William T. Adams and Ee-
becoa A. Barlow. Subject removed to this
county with his parents when about one year
old, when they settled in Marshall, where his
father now resides. His mother died in 187(5.
Bronson L. lived in Marshall until 1864,
when he removed with his parents to Grand-
View, Edgar County, this State, remaining
here one year, and retm-ned to Marshall, this
county. Subject clerked in drug store for
his father, at Marshall, who finally came to
this place in 1870, and continued the busi-
ness here, Bronson engaging in business with
him until 1873, when he clerked for a time.
In 1874, he opened up a notion store, con-
tinuing the same until 1878. The following
year, in August, he was appointed assistant
station agent on the Yandalia E. E., at this
place, and in Augiist, 1881, station agent of
the Danville, Olney & Ohio E. E. August,
1875, he received the appointment as agent
for the American Express Company here, and
since May 1, agent of the Adams Express
Company, having charge of both offices since
his appointment Has been Notary Public
since 1875; been a member of Town Board
since April, 1878, and in April, ISSO, re-elect-
ed President of the same for two years. De-
cember 11, 1871, married MaryE. Bell, born
in Cumberland County, daughter of Jesse
Bell. In politics, he is Democratic, yet he is
liberal and votes for men rather than party.
Is a member of Casey Lodge, No. 442, A., F.
& A. M., of which he is an official member.
Mr. Adams was appointed Notary Public,
1875, and since held the office. Also an in-
surance agent.
SAMUEL ADKISON, livery, Casey, is
a Kentuckian by birth; he was born in Breck-
inridge County September 4, 1826, son of
Jeremiah and Nellie (Johnson) Adkison; he
was born in Virginia and removed to Breck-
inridge County, Ky., and there married.
Samuel was the oldest of a family of three
— two sons and one daughter — and came to
Vigo County, Ind., when a lad of five years;
his father was a farmer, and Samuel was be-
reft of both parents at an early age, and was
raised by a giiardian until fom-teen, when he
left him and retm-ned to Kentucky, where he
lived about nine years, and while here was en-
gaged in farming and stock-raising. He was
married in this county in March, 1849, to
Jane E., born in same county, 1832, daugh-
ter of Allen Epbertsf)n and Lucy McDowell.
In the fall of 1851, he moved to Crawford
County, this State, and purchased a farm of
forty acres, remained here until his removal
to Casey, Febvuary, 1877. Shortly after
coming here, he engaged in the lively busi-
ness; since ran it. When he came here, he
had 400 acres of land. Ts a self-made man.
Has five children — Mary, Essa, Lucy C,
Flora and Malcomb. Is a Methodist in belief,
and was a Whig first, later a Eepublican.
78
BIOGRAPHICAL:
DAVID BAIK, harness-maker, Casey, came
to Clark County in July, 1S75, and has since ;
been a resident of this township. He was
born in Daupliin County, Penn.. November
25, 1829, the fifth son and sixth child born
to John Bair and Mary Moore. He was born
in Dauphin County about th'e year 1791 and
died in 1803. She was born in Lancaster
County, Penn., daughter of Frederick Moore. -
Oiu- subject's grandfather was Samuel Bair.
David was one of a family of ten children,
seven sons and thi-ee daughters, all of whom
lived to be grown and now living, except
Jesse, who was killed at the battle of the
"Wilderness. The childi-en were Susannah,
Jacob, John, Samuel, Jesse, David, Sarah,
Mary, Jeremiah and Isaac, all living in
Pennsylvania save Jesse, Isaac and David.
Isaac resides in Marshall County. Kan. Su-
sannah, wife of Solomon Matter; Sarah, wife I
of John Allbright; and Mary, wife o^ Abra-
ham Crow. These, with Jacob, John and
Samuel, all reside in Dauphin County, Penn.
David was raised a farmer and remained
with his parents until twenty-two years of
age; then left home and ran on the river,
boating and rafting on the Susquehanna
Canal and river, and three years on the Sun-
bury & Erie Eailroad — did job work also. In
the spring of 1861, he began keeping hotel
at Clark's Ferry, Dauphin County, and for
eight years ran this business. He then disposed
of his hotel interests and moved to Halifax
in the same county, and was here elected Jus -
tice of the Peace, and for six years he held
this office. Then he emigrated to this State
and located at Casey, where he has since lived.
For three years after his arrival here, he en-
gaged in the grain trade; then he engaged in
the harness business, which he still carries
on. He has recently built a large brick bus-
iness house, 22x80 feet and two stories high,
on Jasper avenue. October 30, 1860, he
married Priscilla C. Freeland, born in May,
1834, daughter of George Freeland. Mr.
Bair has but one child. Ella, wife of C. A.
Hartwell. railroad agent on the Vandalia
Railroad. Democrat.
GEORGE P. BAIRD, farmer, P. O. Mar-
tinsville. This gentleman comes of Ken-
tucky stock. He first beheld the light of
day August 8, 1887, in Nelson County, Ky.
His great-gi-andfather on the paternal side
was James Baird. He was a native of Ii-e
land and settled in Nelson County. Shortly
after the Revolutionary war, he and eight
brothers made their settlement in that county
and founded Bairdstown. His grandfather
was Joseph Baird, who married Lucy, who was
a daughter of Proctor Ballard, a Virginian.
He (Joseph) was born in Hardin County.
Ky., where his father removed, subsequently
to his settlement in Nelson County. Here
the father of our subject was bom October
10, 1S04. His name is T. R. Baird. He
was married in Hai'din County October 28,
1830, where he was born, to Elizabeth, a
native of Nelson County, born August 3,
1805, daughter of George Dawson and Katie
Ballard. George Dawson was born in Penn-
sylvania and removed to Nelson County, and
there raised a family. The fii-st member of
I the Baird family that came to the "Sucker
i State " was Joseph Baird, the grandfather of
Georo-e P., who came to Lawi'ence County,
this State, at the close of the war of 1812,
and remained here until his death. George
P. came to the State with his parents about
[ the year- 1850, and located with them in
j Crawford County, and after two years' resi-
; dence removed to Clark County, where he
' has ever since lived. After coming to this
i county, the family lived two years in Waliash
Township, remaining here two years; then
lived two years in York Township, and subse-
quently to Martijisville. George P. remained
CASEY TOWNSHIP.
79
at home until twenty five years of age.
In 1861, he married Anna E., born in 1842, in
Shelby County, Ind. ; she is a daughter of
Jesse R. Laingor and Polly Cooper. In
the summer of 1862. he enlisted in Company
F, Seventy-ninth Illinois Volunteers, and
served in several hard-fought battles, among
which were Perry ville, Chickamauga, Chatta-
nooga, and at Resaca, where he received severe
injuries which disabled him, and was finally
discharged on account of the disability, and
has since been a pensioner. Upon return to
civil life, he returned to this township and
has since been a resident and engaged in
farming piu'suits. He located on the farm
he now owns in 1871 ; located on the north-
west quarter of Section 3. Has four ohil-
di-en. viz., Alice, George E., Elie M. and
Polly. He is a genuine Republican. Has
served as Assessor of township and is a mem-
ber of A., F. & A.. M. His mother died
October 19, 1879; father, yet living, is a man
well preserved for one of his years, and has
given his life to farming pursuits. He has
raised five children. The eldest is Nancy,
then in order comes George P., Joseph, Mar-
garet and Kate. Nancy resides in this town-
ship, wife of William Beauchamp; Margaret
in Martinsville, wife of Lewis C. Tingley ;
Joseph resides in Douglas County.
FRANK BR AN AN, dealer in stoves and
tinware, Casey, was born in Indiana, Marion
County, July 17, 1851, son of Robert and
Sarah Goff. He was born in Pennsylvania
and removed West when a young man, and
settled in Ohio, where he married and lived
several years, and finally located in Marion
County, Ind., remaining until 1854. when he
came to Auburn To\vnship, where ho settled
pei-manently and lived until his death, June,
1879. His wife died in 1875. To them «ere
born eight children; all grew up and seven
are now living. Frank was the fifth child,
and remained at home until eleven years of
acre. Worked on a farm until about twenty
years of age, when he learned his trade at
Martinsville with John R. Baily, and re-
mained with him four years. After learning
his trade, he came to Casey in April, 1876,
and set up in business and has since con-
tinued. He is doing an excellent business,
keeps one man, and at times runs several
hands. In February, 1875, he was married
to Laura Snavely, who was born in Martins-
ville May 10, 1858, daughter of Samuel
Snavely and Sarah (Barrett) Snavely. Have
three children — Nellie, Eddie and Frank.
J. F. BROWN, druggist, Casey. John
Franklin Brown, the efficient and worthy
^rug clerk of the firm of Lee & Wiley, was
born June 15, 1844, in Niagara County, N.
y., the eldest son of Thomas Brown, a native
of England. His mother's maiden name was
Margaret McDonuald; she was a native of
Rochester, N. Y., daughter of Henry Mc-
Donuald. Subject removed with his parents
about the year 1853, and located at Marshall.
His father was for several years Master Me-
chanic on the Wabash Railroad for Busson.
Shaw & Co. He and wife are yet living at
Marshall. Subject remained at home until
sixteen years of age, when he went to West-
field, this county, and for four years he
worked for John Briscoe on a farm; in the
meantime, in the spring of 1864, he went to
Nashville, Tenn., and for eighteen months
was in the Government employ' in the Quar-
termaster's Department. He returned to
Westfield and for two years was Deputy Post-
master, and clerked in a hardware and gro-
cery store. About the year 1870, he engaged
in the drug business at Westfield for six years;
then sold out and engaged in farming in
Parker Township, and remained here two
years; then came to this place and has been
here since. He was first in with W. L.
80
BIOGRAPHICAL:
Laingor, and afterward with Lee & Wiley.
Twice married, first in Brownstown, Ky. , to
Mollie M. Briscoe, bom in Kentucky, daugh-
ter of Jacob Briscoe. She died in about a
year, at child-birth. May 29, 1872, he mar-
ried Sarah A., daughter of Andrew Lee, one
of the prominent farmers and early settlers
of the county. Has two children — Edith M.
and Eose P. He has served as Coroner since
1878, and previous to this served an unex-
pired term; is now elected for his third
term. He is a Republican, and a mem-
ber of the A., F. & A. M. He began reading
u^edicine when he first went to Westtield.
DR. W. W. BRUCE, physician, Casey, has
been identified with the interests of Clark
County since May, 1869. He was born in
Indiana County, Penn., in 1844, January 1.
He is a son of J. H. Bruce and Margaret
Rankin, both natives of the same county and
State. The Doctor was raised on a farm and
received a common school education, which
was supplemented by an academic course,
and aftenvard taught fom- terms of winter
school; and began reading medicine in
the spring of 1862 with Dr. Thomas St.
Clair, of Indiana County, Penn., and contin
ued with him two years and some months.
He attended medical lectures at Jefferson
Medical College, and in the spring of 1866
he began the practice of his profession, for a
time with his preceptor, afterward went to
Burning Springs, Va., where he started on his
own account, and continued one year, when
he removed to Parke County, Ind., where we
resumed the practice of his profession two
years, remaining here until May, 1869, when
he located in Casey, Clark County, and has
since been identified with the interests of the
county, not only as a practitioner of materia
medica, but with other interests in the county.
He was married January 1, 1873, to Sarah E.
Gutherie, a native of Madison County, Ind. ,
daughter of William M. Gutherie and Marga-
ret Shroyer. The Doctor has no children, but
has raised a niece of his wife's, Jessie Sturde-
vant. The Doctor is a member of the Presby-
terian Church, also of the Masonic fraternity,
and has been W. M. of Casey Lodge for the
past five years, also Worthy Chief Templar of
the Independent Order of Good Templars.
He is a sound Republican.
MRS. A. CLOSSON, Casey, was born in
the State of Maine December 19, 1810, of a
large family of children born to Philip Pow-
ers and Sarah Ferguson. Philip Powers was
born in New Hampshire, son of Francis Pow-
ers, a Revolutionary soldier, who died from a
stroke of lightning in the town of Hollis.
Sarah was born in Maine, daughter of John
Ferguson. Philip Powers and family moved
to Ohio and settled in Delaware County, and
remained here until their death. The sub
ject of this sketch was married in Galena,
Delaware County, December 12, 1833, to
John Closson, a native of Pennsylvania, son
of Daniel Closson and Martha Devore. John
Closson removed with his father (of Holland
descents to Delaware County when a boy.
After the marriage of Mi\ Closson he settled
in Berkshire Township, where he engaged in
farminff, and continued'here until the fall of
1844, when he sold his fai-m and came to
Illinois and settled in Coles County, and came
to this place in the spring of 1858, and bought
here 400 acres; much of it was unimproved.
Here he settled and remained until his death,
September 17, 1872. He was a member of
the Methodist Episcopal Church for many
years; he served as class-leader and steward
for many years. He was a thrifty and pros-
perous farmer and a kind-hearted man, a
good neighbor, a kind husband and an in-
dulgent father. He was a Democrat, yet he
voted for the best men; in Presidential contests
he adhered to his party. He was a raember
CASEY TOWNSHIP.
81
of the Masonic fraternity, and one of the
charter members of the Casey Lodge. They
had five childien — Maiiha E., Sarah J.,
John Milton, Daniel C. and James L. ; but
two living — Daniel C. and Sarah J., wife of
Andrew Drumm; Daniel C, resides on the
homestead; Martha E., was the wife of Will-
iam Boyd and died July, 1872, leaving throe
children — John W\, Milton L. and Mary A.;
these reside with Mrs. Closson; Milton, died,
agetl twenty-one, with typhoid fever; James
L., has been away from home many years (res-
idence not known). Mrs. Closson resides on
the homestead farm. She has been a member
of the Methodist Episcopal Church over forty-
four years.
M. G. COCHONOUR, furniture. Casey.
Marion Green Cochonour is the principal
and only dealer in furniture and undertaking
in town of Casey. He was born March 29,
1845, on the line of Clark and Cumberland
Counties, and has been a resident of this
county up to the present. His father, David,
was born September 22, 1818, in Baltimore
County, Md., and i-emoved to York County,
Penn., in 1820, and from here to Fairfield
County, Ohio, in 1837, where he was married,
Augiist S, 1839, to Eebecca Mouser, daugh-
ter of Benjamin Mouser, a Virginian. She
was born May 28, 1820, in Fayette County,
Ohio. May 26, 1842, David Cochonoiu-
landed in Clark County, and there settled
cmd since been a resident of this locality, now
of Cumberland County. Of the children
borne them now living are M;u-ion G. , Mary
C, Susan E., Lewis W., Perry L., Hardin
C. and Stephen D. The brothers are farm-
ers and residents of Cumberland County; one
of the sisters resides in this township, wife
of J. R. Emerich, and the other is the wife
of William Kilgore, of Jasper County. His
paternal grandsire was Chi'istian Cochonour,
a native of York County, Penn. ; his progeni-
tors were natives of Wurtemberg, Germany;
his paternal grandmother was Catharine
Mash, a Pennsylvaniau, where she was born
in 1782. His mother's grandparents on both
sides served all through the Revolution.
Marion G. camo West with his parents at the
time of their removal, and was brought u^d on a
farm, where he remained until eighteen years
of age, when he went to learn the carpenter's
trade, at which he worked until he came to
Casey in July, 1870, where he engaged in
the furniture and undertaking business, be-
ing the first to keep a general line of ready-
made caskets, coffins and undertaker's sup-
plies in Casey, and has since can-ied on a
successful business. He has been twice mar-
ried, first time, April 20, 1870, to Elizabeth
Galbrath, of Charleston, this State, daughter
of James Galbrath. She died March 6, 1871,
leaving one child — Elizabeth. November
18, 1873, he married to Marietta, daughter
of Charles and Martha Geddes, of this county.
By last marriage he has one daughter — Ida
L. He is a member of the Methodist Epis-
copal Church, and also a member of the A.,
F. & A. M. Politically, he is a Republican.
JAMES B. CONDE, retired farmer, Casey,
was bom May 24, 1811, in Oneida County,
N. Y.. the youngest child of Adam Conde
and Elizabeth Wilson. Our subject removed
with his pai-ents when three years old to
Campbell County, Ivy. , and remained there
about three years, when they removed to
Rush County, lud., where his parents died.
Our subject was raised on a fai-m and lived
at home, until forty years of age, making his
parents' ho'ise his home until his removal
to Illinois, which was in June, 1851, when
he came to Jasper County, this State, bought
a farm and engaged in farming, remaining
here until September, 1870, when he removed
to Casey and has since been retired. Jan-
uary 10, 1850, he married Elizabeth, who
83
BIOGRAPHICAL:
was born Jamiary 13, 1830, in Nicholas
Connty, Ky., daughter of Thomas Simms
and Lncinda Hudson, both natives of Vir-
ginia. From there they removed to Ken-
tucky and remained there imtil about the
year 1840, when they removed to Rush
County, Ind., where they died. Mr. Simms
and wife raised a family of seven chil-
dren. Mr. Simms died in 1880, his wife in
1877. Mr. Conde has but one child, Lucin-
da Olive, and resides in Willow Hill, Jas-
per County. She is the wife of Charles
Spiu'geon. Greenbacker.
M. L. COOK, mining, Casey. Melvin Le-
roy Cook came to this county in 1849. He
was born July 21, 1840, in Chautai^qua
County, N. Y. His father, John W. Cook,
was born in the same county in 1809, and
married Lodeca Drake, daughter of Hiall
Drake, of Chautauqua County, who is yet liv-
ing (1882) and has attained the remarkable age
of one himdred and fifteen years. In 1849, Mel-
vin L. Cook removed West to Illinois with his
parents, who settled in Casey Township and en- j
gaged in the nui'sery business, which his fa- '
ther carried on until 1S76, when he removed
to Arapahoe County, Colo. , and there resides,
being engaged in the same business. Leroy
was but a lad when he came to this county.
He was raised up in the nursery business, which
he carried on some time on his own account,
beginning in 1870 and continuing about four
years. He afterward engaged in the hotel
business and ran the National House for
some time. Since then he has been inter-
ested in the mining interests in California,
being Siiperintendent of the Casey Mining
Company. Mr. Cook has done much for the
town of Casey in encouraging the erection of I
good buildings, and has put up the gi'eater
portion of the substantial brick buildings in
the village. He has recently completed a
handsome and substantial brick building on
the Lang corner, which contains three large
rooms, admirably adapted for mercantile and
business purposes. April 20, 1870, he
married Eliza, the youngest daughter of John
Lang, one of the old settlers and pioneers of
Casey Township. Mr. Cook has no children.
He had one son, Thomas F., born November
1, 1880; died January 4, 1882. Mr. Cook
is not a member of any church or society,
but is a good Republican.
ISAAC W. COOPER, retired farmer, P. O
Casey. Isaac Walton Cooper is a native
of the Keystone State. He was born on St.
Valentine's Day, 1813, in Lycoming County,
Penn. His father was Andrew Cooper, a
native of Lancaster Coimty, son of James
Cooper. His mother's maiden name was
Ann Walton, for whom he was named. She
was a daughter of Isaac Walton, whose wife
was a Moore. The Cooper family trace their
ancestry to Scotland, while the Moores are of
Dutch descent. Isaac Walton, the subject of
these lines, removed with his parents to Rush
County, Ind., in 1825. His father was a
poor man, and rented land, and made several
removes while in Indiana. After three years'
residence in Rush County, he removed to
Franklin County. Here they lived three
years, then moved to Fayette County, where
they sojourned for a time, then located in
Shelby County; finally made a tarry of several
yeai-s in Marion County. Mr. Cooper has
been twice married; first, while in Marion
County, to Frances M. Parker. She died six
years after, leaving no issue. Sej)tember 12,
1850, he married his present wife, whose
maiden name was Melinda Makin, who was
born April 21, 1829, in Greenup County,
Ky., eldest daughter of Charles Makin, who
was born December 3, 1800, in Russell
Coianty, Va., son of Cornelius Makin, who
removed with his family to Greenup County,
Ky. , in 1809. Charles Makin married Eunice
CASEY TOWNSHIP.
83
Gilkerson, daughter of Jolin Gilkerson, who
removed with his family to Shelby County,
Ind., in 1836. Eunice died 1839, in Indi-
ana. Charles died here in this county De-
cember 3, 1880. To them were seven chil-
dren born that grew up, viz., Daniel, James,
Mrs. Cooper, Lucinda, Mary J., Cornelius
and Eliza. Mr. Cooper made the several re-
moves with his parents in Indiana as above
narrated, and with them moved to Lee
County, Iowa, where, after a short residence,
they came to this county about the year 1852.
He purchased a farm in the northeast part of
this township, located on the soTithwest quar-
ter of Section 2, where he engaged in fai-m-
ing, improving his laud, and in 1865 ho
located in Martinsville, and engaged in the
milling business for several years. He pur-
chased the farm he now owtis shortly after
the close of the war, and retui'ned here after
his leaving Martinsville. Mr. Cooper was
the only son of his parents. He had three
sisters — Mary A., Martha and Sarah. Mary
is the wife of "William Johnson, and resides
at Lyons, Neb.; Martha, Mi-s. William Tom-
linson^of Kansas; Sarah, in Casey, Mrs. Cor-
nelius. Mr. Cooper and wife are members of
the Methodist Episcopal Church, Mr. Cooper
havingf been identified with this organiza-
tion for forty years, and politically he was
first a Whig. Since the dissolution of that
party, he has been a stanch Republican.
He has but one child, a daughter, Anna, wife
of John Duncan, who have two children — ■
Pearl Cooper, born August 28, 1877; Lulie
M., born July 25, 1880.
SAMUEL DOSBAUGH, grocer and re-
tired farmer, Casey, is the senior member of
the firm of Dosbaugh & Durii. He is a na-
tive of Stark County, Ohio, whore he was
born July 22, 1841. He is a son of John Dos-
baugh and Mary Coffman, who were natives
of Germany, and emigi-ated to Stark County
about the year 1828, where they lived until
the year 1845, when they removed West to the
Sucker State, in 1845, and located in Johnson
Township, this county. John is one of seven
children that his parents re'ared to the years
of man and womanhood, and was but about
four years of age when he came to this coun-
ty. He was brought up on a f anu in Johnson
Township, and lived with his parents until
his enlistment in the army, going out in De-
cember, 1861, in Company B, Second Artil-
lery, and served three years. He participated
in several of the prominent battles of the war,
at Shiloh, the siege and battle of Cor-
inth, and other engagements of note. He was
discharged in the winter of 1864, his term of
enlistment expiring. Soon after his retiuTi
home, he located in the southwest part of this
township, and engaged in farming. He has
a good farm, situated on the Casey and Wil-
low Hill road, and one of the best barns in
the township. He continued farming until
1879, when, on account of failing health, he
rented out his farm and moved to the village
of Casey where he lias since lived, and been
engaged in the grocery business. He first
purchased the interest of W. R. Stith, but
more recently associated with Mr. Dunn, un-
der the fii'm name of Dosbaugh & Dunn, and
they are doing a good business. March 24,
1867, he married Margaret Carr, a native of
Hancock County, Ind., daughter of Arthur
Carr. He has but one child — Edward. He
is a member of the Masonic order and a
Greenbacker.
JOHN R. EMRICH, farmer, P. O. Casey,
was born July 28, 1844, in Vinton County,
Ohio, and removed to Ross County when
young, where he grew to maturity, and from
here entered the ai'my. He enlisted on Oc-
tober 13, 1863, in Company I, Twelfth Ohio
Cavalry, and served until November, 1865.
He was captured by Gen. Bilorgan. in June,
84
BIOGRAPHICAL:
1864, and afterward released on parole. His
regiment was on duty in Kentucky, and in
the last year of the war was with Sherman
on his campaign. Soon after his return home
from service, he came to this State and came
to Cumberland County, where he engaged in
farming, and remained here until he came to
this county and township. He came to Casey
in 1871, where for five years he was engaged
in the furniture and undertaking business.
He located here on this farm in the spring of
1876. He has 120 acres. He was married
on September 17, 1867, to Miss Susan B.
Cochonour, born in Clark County August 23,
1847. She is the second daughter of David
Cochonour and Rebecca Mouser. Mr. Em-
rich has three children, two daughters and
one son — Perry C, Rosa M. and Ollie E.
Lillie, an infant, died Aiigust 20, 1872, aged
two years five months and one day. Om* sub-
ject's father's name was John C. Emrich, and
his mother's name was Charity Ratcliff. He
was born November 2D, ISOU, in Maryland,
and removed with his father, John Emrich,
to Ohio, when young, where he was raised,
and where he was married to Charity Ratcliff,
a native of Ohio, and daughter of John and
Rachel (Ray) Ratcliff, both of whom were na-
tives of North Carolina, and who removed to
Ohio in an early day. Our subject's father
moved to this State in the spring of 1865, and
died in August, 1880, in this township. His
wife died October 8, 1876, in Casey. Mr.
Emrich was elected Collector of the town-
ship in 1882. He is a member and oificer of
the Grand Army of the Republic, and is the
only son living born to his parents. In pol-
itics he has been a Rejaublican since he cast
his first vote.
FERGUSON BROTHERS, dealers in mar-
ble and granite, Casey. Ferguson Brothers,
Samuel J. and Morris K., represent the mar-
ble and granite works in this portion of the
county. They began business here in 1865,
Samuel J. being the senior member of the
firm, who first started the business. Morris
K. learning the trade under his brother Sam-
uel. The partnership began in the spring of
1874, and they are doing a good business.
Samuel J. was born in this county September
22, 1845, in Wabash Township, being the
third son of Robert A. Ferguson, a native of
Indiana, who came to this county about the
the year 1828, and remained here until his
death, which took place March 2, 1865, be-
ing sixty years of age. His wife died De-
cember 27, 1874, aged fifty-eight. He and
wife were members of the Methodist Epis-
copal Church for many years. They had
nine children born to them, viz. : James H.,
who was killed in the battle of Pea Ridge,
being a member of Company F, Ninth Mis-
souri, afterward of the Fifty-ninth Indiana
Volunteer Infantry; Celia E. resides in Oak-
land, Coles County, wife of N. R. Duet;
John A. resides in Newman, he also served
in the late war; Samuel J.; Laura A., wife of
Joseph Ingle; Morris K. ; Barton R. ; Mary
A. , of Bell Air, wife of Robert Ferguson, and
Frank L. are the names of the children. Sam-
uel J. is the eldest son. He learne(,l the
marble-cucter's trade, and subsequently en-
gaged in business with Ben Bancroft, which
association lasted but a few months. March
10, 1872, he married Elizabeth L., born in
Shelbyville, Ind., daughter of Martin Jones
aud Mary Harrison. Samuel J. has one son
— Fay. Morris K. was born November 11,
1851, in "Wabash Township, the fourth son
of his parents, with whom he remained until
the death of his mother. Since that time he
has been a resident of this town. Samuel
J. is a member of the Methodist Episcopal
Chiu-ch. Both brothers are Republicans.
A. C. GARRISON, Justice of the Peace,
Casey, was born in Coles County June 0,
CASEY TOWNSHIP.
1841, the fourth child aud third son born to
Peter Ganison, who was bom in Onondaga
County, N.-Y., in the year 1809, of English
descent. He emigrated to this State from
New York when a young man, about the year
1826, settling first in Lawrence County, re-
maining there about two years, wten he re-
moved to Crawford Coimty and there married
Parthena Hill, who was born in North Caro-
lina, a daughter of Charles Hill, who located
in Crawford County about the year 1816.
Peter Garrison was a farmer, and also prac-
ticed medicine, and lived in Crawford until
about 1837, when he removed to Coles County,
where he remained until his death. His wife
yet survives him. To this couple were born
seven children, named John. Charles, Alma-
rinda, Alva Curtis, ^Mary, Usher C. and Laiu-a,
all living but Chai-los, Usher, Alva C. and
Lam-a. Subject was raised in Coles County on
a farm. August 11,1 862, he enlisted Company
K, One Hundred and Twenty-third Illinois
Volunteer (mounted) Infantry, and in this
regiment served until the close of the war, re-
ceiving his discharge July 5, 1865. He was
in the battles of Perryville, Chickamauga,
Farmington, Selma, and many skirmishes,
and escaped unharmed. Upon his return
home from war, he came to Coles County.
November 9, 1865, he man-ied Maiy J., a na-
tive of Coles County, and daughter of Arthur
Ingrum and Elizabeth Reynolds, the former
a native of Kentucky, she of Indiana. The
family were early settlers in Coles County,
where Mr. Ingrum still resides. His wife
died in 1855. havingr borne him live children.
After Mr. GaiTison's marriage, he located in
Parker Township and engaged in farming,
afterward retm-ning to Coles County and re-
maining three years, when he located in
Casey. He has always been a Republican,
and was elected Justice of the Peace in the
spring of 18S0, which position he yet holds.
He has three children — Retfca, Charley and
Elver. He is also a member of the Masonic
order. Since 1876, Mrs. Garrison has been
conducting a millinery and notion store, and
does a good business.
JAMES M. GOOCH, merchant, Casey,
one of the leading business men of this
township is Mr. Gooch who was born in Pu-
laski County, Ky. , December 17, 1852, son
of Stephen C. Gooch, a Kentuckian by birth,
who married Maiy Eoff, daughter of James
Eoif. James M. removed with his par-
ents to Crawford County, this State, in
the fall of 1860, and was raised on a
farm ; he received but common school
advantages, and remained at home until
September, 1808, when he engaged as clerk
in a store at Oblong, same county; remained
in this store until October, 187-i, at which
time he engaged in business on his own ac-
count at Oblong, with George McCrillis, un-
der the firm name of McCrillis & Gooch,
keeping general store; this association lasted
fifteen months, when the stock was divided,
and he then associated with his brothers,
William E. and G. L., under firm name of
Gooch Bros.: this partnership lasted until
February, 1878. Dui-ing this time they
were running store also at Willow Hill, Jas-
per County. At this time, Februai-y, 1878,
the stock was divided, aud James M. took the
Willow Hill store, which he removed to Yale,
same county, where he continued about fif-
teen months, when he sold out his stock and
came to Casey, and started in that business
at this place, and has since continued. He
keeps a general store aud is doing the largest
business of any firm in town; in connection
with his store, he is engaged in the grain
trade; he is also doing an excellent trade in
this line. He was married, May 8, 1876, to
Alice Lucas, born a native of Indiara, daugh-
ter of Frank M. Lucas. He has two children
86
BIOGRAPHICAL:
— Frank Inez and Charley Dickens; members
of A., F. & A. M., Oblong, 044. Demo-
cratic.
GEORGE F. GREENWELL, farmer, P.
O. Casey. George Franklin Green well was
born February 5, 1838, in Knox County,
Ohio, and was principally raised in the
Sucker State. His parents were John Green-
well and JMargaret Curtis, both natives of
Berkeley County, Va. John Greenwell was
born June 15, 1799; his wife, Margaret Cur-
tis, was born April 10, 1803. They raised a
family of ten childi'en — Rebecca, Mary, Ru-
amy, Stephen "W., Catherine, Sarah, Nancy,
John SV., Margaret and George; all were
raised to maturity. George P. was the
yoimgest of the family, and was about nine
years of age when his parents came to this
State, who came to this county in October,
1847, and stayed that winter in Martinsville
Township, and the spring following removed
to the north part of Johnson Township, and
located on eighty acres of land that he had
entered, living on the same two years, when
he removed to Cumberland, but remained
hero a short time, and removed to another
portion of the township, and remained until
his death. He was a carpenter byti'ade, and
followed this vocation during his life. Our
subject, George F., remained at home until
• the death of his father, when he commenced
to paddle his own canoe; he began working
by the month at $6 jser month, for Joshua
Chancellor; and for eighteen years he worked
by the month, besides three years spent iu
Uncle Sam's service. He volunteered in
August, 1861, in Company K, First Missouri
Cavalry, for three years, and served the entire
time, and was discharged in August, 1864;
during his time of service, served in nearly
all the battles and skirmishes in which his
company was engaged, and came home with-
out a wound or scratch. Upon his return
home, he purchased forty-five acres in Parker
Township, and after added to the same, re-
maining here until March, 1880, when he
moved across the line into Casey, and pur-
chased 100 acres in Section 5, and since re-
mained; he has altogether 208 acres. He was
married, February 12, 1863, to Josapliia
Brookhart, who was born April 11, 1838, in
Westfield Township, daughter of Joseph
Brookhart and Sophia Briscoe, both were na-
tives of Kentucky, near Louisville, and re-
moved to this county, in October, 1837; he
died on July 4, 1838; wife yet living. Mrs.
G. has but one brother, Henry Brookhart, in
Missouri, only one of her brothers and sis-
ters living. Subject has five children — Yal-
tilly A., Sophia N., Stephen W., Hem-y and
Franklin. Republican.
C. A. HARTWELL, railroad agent and
operator, Casey, the efficient and accom-
modating agent on the Vfindalia line, was
born November 4, 1848, at Brockville, in the
Queen's dominion. His parents were Joseph
King Hartwell and Mary Campbell. At
the age of nineteen, he began learning teleg-
raphy at St. Catherines, and remained here
until 1809, when he came to this State and
took charge of the ofSce at Bridgeport on the
Vandalia line. His office for two years was
a car house, which he used for two years until
a more commodious office was provided him.
He subsequently went to St. Louis, where he
held a responsible position in ihe General
Freight D<?partment, and in the fall of 1876
he came to this place and has since had
charge of the office at this place. Mr. Hart-
well has had thirteen yeai's of experience in
manijmlating the wires, and his services have
always been in demand as a correct and
rapid transmitter of messages, and is held in
high esteem by the company, as well as
those with whom he comes in business con-
tact. In June, 1880, he was married to
CASEY TOWNSHIP.
87
Ella, daughter of David Bair, of this town-
ship. In connection with his official duties
as operator and agent, he is engaged in the
produce business, and is doing a thriving
and prosperous trade in this line. Has for-
merly been connected with other interests in
this town, which he has discontinued, giving
his outside attention to shipping produce.
He is a member of the Masonic fraternity,
Casey Lodge, A., F. & A. M.
JOHN M. HENDRICKS, farmer, P. O.
Casey, came to this county in 1853. He
was born December 8, 1830, in Clermont
County, Ohio, and removed with his parents
to Montgomery County, Ind. , , when he was
three years of age. His father's name was
John Hendricks, a Nortb Carolinian, and re-
moved to Ohio at an early day with his
father, Joseph Hendricks, who was a pioneer
in the wilds of Ohio. John Hendricks, the
father of our subject, was born about the year
1805, in Ohio, and there married Elizabeth,
born in 1808, same State, daughter of Joseph
Smith, who married a Meek. About the year
1833, the family, consisting of Joseph Hen-
dricks, the grandfather, John, his father, and
the childi'en, all moved to Montgomery
County, Ind., and there settled when the
country was new. Here Joseph and John
Hendricks both died. Joseph raised three
children — John, Susan and Charlotte Hen-
dricks. To John and Elizabeth were boi-n
eleven children that grew up. Those living
are Nancy, John M., Susan, Smith, James
W., Thomas, Jane, Adrian and Elizabeth.
Those living in this State are Susan, Jane and
Thomas, and John M. , who was raised on the
farm, left home when twenty-three years of
age, and came to this county and located on
the farm he now owns, which his father en-
tered from the Government. He began work
on the place at once; no improvements; and
lived with his brother-in-law until his mar-
riage, which occurred in Indiana October 16,
1856, to Mahala Barnett, born in Indiana,
daughter of Jonathan Barnett and Nancy
Blackford, who came from Ohio to Indiana.
Mr. Hendi'icks has three children living —
Elizabeth J., KosaA. and John T. Six chil-
dren born, three died. Albert lived to be
sixteen, the others dying young. Mr. Hen-
dricks put all the improvements on this farm.
He was a member of A., F. & A. M:, No.
442. He is a Democrat, and his farm con-
sists of 220 acres.
DK. C. HEY WOOD, physician, Casey.
Among the leading professional men of this
county deserving of special mention is Dr.
Cj'rus W. Heywood, who was born in Ver-
milion County, this State, May 4, 1844, and
is the third son and ninth child born to his
parents, Thomas Heywood and Sarah Bfir-
rett. He was born in Maine, 1806; is a phy-
sician, and removed to Vermillion County at
an early day, when about twenty-five years of
age, and was among the first doctors in the
county. He remained here until his death
which occuiTed in the spring of 1877. Sarah
was a native of Bourbon County, Ky., and
removed with her parents to Vermillion
County, where she was married to Dr. Hey-
wood. They raised a family of seven chil-
dren. She died, 1877 within thi-ee weeks of her
husband. Subject was raised in Vermillion
County, had common school advantages, and
finally attended a term in Valparaiso, Ind.
He began reading medicine at eighteen years
of age, continuing same until his graduation
at Rush Medical College, Chicago, February,
1868. The following summer, began the
practice of his profession at Fairmount, Ver-
million Coimty, and continued hero until he
came to Casey in the fall of 1871, and has
since been engaged in practice. Ho has been
twice married, first time, February, 1874, to
Mattie, born in Indiana, daughter of Dr.
88
BIOGRAPHICAL:
Robert Gilkerson. She died October, 1877.
By her he had two children — Thomas and
Robert. Second time, April 30, 1882, he
married Katie Lee, bom in this county,
daughter of Andi-ew Lee of this county. He
is a Republican.
ASA JOHNSON, farmer, P. O. Martins-
ville, was born February 7, 1841, in Newton
TowiiShip, Muskingum County, Ohio. He
was the sixth child and fourth son of his
parents, who were Richard Johnson and Sarah
Fogel, to whom were born nine children, viz. ,
Creighton, Ann, Arf)hilia, Alfred, Carson,
Asa, Susan, Amanda and Amos; five now liv-
ing and residents of this county — Carson,
Asa, Alfred, Amanda and Amos. The John-
son family came to this State and settled in
this county in the fall of 1860, on Dolson
Prairie. Richard Johnson was bom about
the year 1801, in Pennsylvania, and removed
west to Muskingum County when a young
man. and engaged in farming, which he fol-
lowed until his death, which occurred in
April, 1878. His widow still survives him.
Asa was brought up on a farm until he at-
tained his majority, after which he went to
Martinsville, and for four years he was en-
gaged in the drug business. He was mar-
ried, October, 1871, to Mary Ann, born July
31, 1850, in Shelby County, Ind., the eldest
daughter of Hii-am Cooper and Mary Ann
Depew. both natives of same State and county.
The Cooper family emigrated from Shelby
County in the fall of 1852, and located on
the farm now owned by Mr. Johnson. Mrs.
Cooper died in Indiana. Mr. Cooper died
on this farm in 1864. Mrs. Johnson has but
one brother, who resides in this township.
Mr. Johnson has three children — Harry E.,
Eva T. and Faii-y A. Mr. Johnson is engaged
in farming, having 804 acres. He is a mem-
ber of the I. O. O. F. , and is the only one of the
family that adheres to Democratic principles.
WILLIAIM KIMLIN, farmer, P. O. Mar-
tinsville. Among the prominent families
that have been identified with the interests
of this township for nearly half a centiu-y is
the Kimlin family, of whom the subject of
this sketch is now the head. He was born
September 12, 1816, in Belmont County,
Ohio, two miles from Sinclairsville. He is
the eldest son of his father, who was John
Kimlin, who was bom in County Armagh,
Ireland, August 27, 1792, son of William
Kimlin, a captain of the yeomen in that
county. John Kimlin was a weaver of double
coverlets, and in order to better his condition
he emigrated to America, where he could ply
his vocation more successfully. He came
to Belmont County, Ohio, in the sj)ring of
1816, and remained here until the year 1824,
when he removed to Fayette County. Penn.,
where he lived until 1834, and then returned
to Ohio, and located near Roseville, in Musk-
ingum Countv, remaining here imtil the
fall of 1839, when he came to this State,
locating on Section 1 in this township,
arriving October that year. He purchased
120 acres of David Wisener, paying therefor
$500, and remained a constant resident of
the township until his death, which occurred
June 11, 1861. His wife was Florence Sloan,
who was born in same county in Ireland,
daughter of James Sloan, a family of large
size i>hysically. His wife died September,
1842. To Mr. and Mrs. Kimlin were born six
children who lived to be grown, three sons
and there daughters — TVilliam, James, Jane,
Elizabeth, Mary A. and John. James re-
sides in Parker Township, this county; John
resides in Kansas; the girls are deceased.
Elizabeth was the wife of John Alexander.
She has one son living. James, who resides
near Danville, this State. Mary was the wife
of James V. Hedges; she raised, one son and
two daughters; all reside in this township.
CASEY TOWNSHIP.
91
William, the subject of this sketch, was
raised a farmer and lived at home until
twenty-four years of age. When eight, ho
removed with his parents to Pennsylvania,
and lived here until the spring of 1840. He
worked out by the month here, most of the
time for one man, receiving $S per month for
three years, saving $oO each year, remaining
here when father left for Illinois. In the
spring of 1840, he came to this township
from Pennsylvania, and made his father's
house his home until he was married, June
9, 1842, to Rebecca Prevo. She was born in
North Carolina. She died 1846, October 29.
He had by her three children; two lived to
be grown — Mary J. and Sammie. Mary J.
became the wife of Eli McDaniel. She died
February 14, 1875, leaving one child — Will-
iam McDaniel. Sammie died 1872, March
23, aged twenty-five years. Mr. Kimlin was
married the second time in 1849, April 29,
to Elzina, born in Culpepper County, Va.,
February 15, 1813, daughter of Benjamin
Spenny and Nancy Morrison, both natives of
Virginia, he of Fauquier and she of Culpep-
per County. Benjamin was a son of James.
Nancy was a a daughter of Stephen Morrison.
Mrs. Kimlin came West with her parents to
Ohio, when a girl, and with them to this
county, in Martinsville Township, in 1838,
where her parents died. They raised four
childi'en — Addison, Elzina, Morrison and
Sarah. Addison went to California in 1849,
and there died. Sarah resides in Martinsville
Township; was the wife of Samuel Taggart.
Morrison supposed to be in California. After
Mr. Kimlin's marriage, he located where he
now lives and since remained. He has raised
one child by last marriage, Benjamin F., in
this township. He owned over GOO acres
before dividing out; has now about 400. He
and wife are members of the Cumberland
Presbyterian Church for several years. He
is one of the Elders of the same, and one of
the principal founders of the church, which
stands on his land. Politically, was first
Whig, cast his first vote for Harrison. Since
that time has been Democratic. Is one of
the founders of the I. O. O. F. Lodge at
Martinsville. In all things pertaining to
the good of the township, he has always borne
well his part, and will long be remembei-ed
for his good deeds and his many virtues.
B. F. KIMLIN, farmer, P. O. Martins-
ville, was born March 25, 1851, in this
townshij^, the eldest and only son of Will-
iam Kimlin and Elzina Spenny. He was
raised on the farm, where he lived until he
was married, which was August 1872, to Su-
mantha, daughter of Milton Shawver, one of
the prominent farmers of this county. After
his marriage, he located on the farm he now
owns, adjoining the Kimlin homestead farm.
He owns 337 acres. He has two childi-en —
Ivy Dell and William. His wife is a mem-
ber of the Christian Church. He is engraged
in farming and stock-raising.
W. A. KLINE, fai-mer, P. O. Casey. Will-
iam Addison Kline was born January 10,
1825, in Lancaster County, Penn., and re-
moved with his parents to Stark County,
Ohio, in 1830, remaining here until 1842,
when the family came to this county and set-
tled, and have since been identified with it.
His father's name is David Kline, born in
Pennsylvania March 13, 1801, son of Michael
Kline. The Kline family on their an-ival in
Johnson Townshii^ were comi^osedof the j)ar-
ents and five children — William A., Edward,
Daniel, Simon, Louisa, all living save Dan-
iel. Edward and W. A. live in this town-
ship and county. Louisa, wife of David
Powers, and Simon reside in Mattoon. Will-
iam A. remained at home until of age,
when he was married, May 25, 1848, to
Elizabeth, born February 17, 1830, in Mary-
93
BIOGRAPHICAL:
land,*daugliter of John Cole and Eleanor Har-
ris. She removed West to Licking Connty,
Ohio, when about two years of age. After
six years' residence, she came to this coiinty
with her pai-ents, who settled in Johnson
Township, where her parents died — he June
8, 1858, aged fifty-eight; she, April 1, 1873,
aged seventy-four. They raised nine chil-
dren, four living — Oliver, Margaret, Mary
and Elizabeth. Oliver resides in Edgar
County; Margaret, wife of William Meadows,
of same county; Mary, wife of Isaac Gross, of
Champaign County. After Mi-. Kline's mar-
riage, he located in this township, on the
land he now owns, which he purchased from
the Government. He first built a pole cabin
with stick chimney, sixteen feet square, with
one room; after this cabin served its time,
built a hewed-log house on the same site, and
in this they lived until 1876, when they built
the hoitse they now occupy, which is upon
the site of the former houses. He has six
children born — Mary S., Henrietta, Angeline,
Rice L., John W., Eddie G. Mary S. is wife
of Hiram Hetheriugton, in Parker Township;
Henrietta resides in the State of Oregon and
is the wife of Edward Davis; Augeline is the
wife of James Burnett; others at home. Mr.
Kline has 240 acres of land, is engaged in
farming and stock raising, and has been a
member of the United Brethren for twenty-
five years. In December, 1861, he enlisted
in Company G, Fifty-f'jurth Illinois Volunteer
Infantry. He was made Orderly Sergeant,
serving in this capacity until he was commis-
sioned as First Lieutenant, September, 1862.
He came home in 1863. He was taken prisoner
at Humboldt, Tenn., by Gen. Forrest, and was
six months a prisoner. He is a Republican.
ANDREW LEE, retired fai-mer, Casey.
Andrew Lee, retired farmer in Casey Village,
is one of the old settlers of the county. He
was born in Crawford County,this State, June
28, 1822, being the eldest son of William
Lee, who was born aboiit the year 1799, in
Butler County, Ohio, where his father, Levi
Lee, a Kentuckian, settled at an early day,
making his settlement near Oxford. William
Lee, his father was a farmer, and when a young
man removed to Crawford County, this State,
and subsequently married Jane Aimstrong. a
daughter of Andrew, a South Carolinian,
who removed to what is now Crawford Coun-
ty when it was a wilderness, and for some time
he sought shelter from the Indians in the
fort, and after the trouble subsided he located
southwest of Palestine, and made a settle-
ment here, where he remained until his death.
The children born to Levi Lee, the Kentuck-
ian, who was Andrew's grandfather, were six
sons and two daughters, whose names were
Goshem, Ichabod, Levi, John, William, Na
thaniel. The daughters were Polly and Nan-
cy. The children born to Andrew Montgom-
ery were Robert, Andrew, William, Ann,
Hannah, Jane, Sallie and Nellie. Andrew,
the subject of these lines, removed to this
county with his parents, when a lad of nine
years, and settled with his parents in West-
field Township. Here his parents died; his
father in June, 1869, and his mother in 1873.
They had the following children born to them,
viz. : Andrew, Levi, Ichabad, Betsy, Perlina,
Nathaniel, Salley A., Nancy J., Catherine and
Mary, all of whom lived to the years of man
and womanhood, and settled in this county,
save Catherine, who died before marriage.
Andrew was raised on his father's farm, and
had but limited school advantages; what he
did obtain were at subscription rates in a log
schoolhouse. His marriage occurred Febru-
ary 5, 1814, to Miss Lydia Briscoe, a native
of Jefierson County, Ky. , where she was born
April 28, 1822. She was the youngest daugh-
ter of Hemy Briscoe and Catherine Brook-
hart. After Ml". Lee's marriage, he settled in
CASEY TOWXsHil'
93
Parker Township and enj^aged in farming,
which he carried on successfully and continu-
ously here until Februarj-, 1880, when he
came to the village of Casey, and since has
been living a retired life. He has over 600
acres of land and nine children, viz. : Jaae,
"William. Henry, Sarah, Delia, Nathaniel,
Katie. Eoss and Kosa. Jane resides in Cum-
berland County, the wife of Wyatt Wood.
Sarah married Frank Brown. Delia is the
wife of John Lang. Katie is the wife of Dr.
Cy. Heywood Ross and Rosa are at home.
The other sons, William and Henry B., are
residents of this township, and are doing bus-
iness for themselves.
"WILLIAM LEE, farmer, P. O. Casey, is
a native of Parker Township ; he was born there
January 19, 1847, and is the eldest son of
Andrew Lee, one of the old settlers of Clark
County. He was raised upon the home farm,
and began business for liimself in 1876, when
he commenced work on the farm he now owns.
The following year, March 11, 1877, he mar-
ried Josephine, born May 23, 1860, in Paris,
Edgar County, daughter of Thomas Metcalf
and Serilda Napier. Mr. Lee has since been
a resident of the county and been engaged in
farming pui'suits. which he has always fol-
lowed with the exception of a short time when
he was engaged in the mercantile business,
which, not suiting him, he afterward gave all
attention to farming puruits. He has three
children — Harry E., Daisey and Nathaniel.
He has 120 acres of land. Mrs. Lee has two
sisters, Nellie, wife of William Dougherty,
of this township, and Nettie, who resides in
Ten-e Haute, wife of Aaron Conover. Her
parents are both deceased. Father died 1874,
mother about 1S04.
HENRY B. LEE, Casey. Among the
thoroughgoing business men of this county
is Harry Briscoe Lee. He was born in Par-
ker Township September 11, 1849; is the
second son of Andrew Lee, one of the old set-
tlers of Clark County, a sketch of whom will
be found elsewhere in this work. Harry was
reared to farming pursuits and received only
common school advantages. In 1873, he came
to the town of Casey and associated with his
brother William in the grocery business un-
der the firm name of Lee Brothers, which
partnership continued two years, afterward
was changed to Brooks & Lee, which asso-
ciation continued until 1876, when he asso-
ciated in business with Capt. Owen Wiley in
the grocery, drug and hardware and imple-
ment trade, and continued until January,
1883, when the partnership was dissolved,
Mr. Lee taking his partner's interest, and
since continued and is doing; a thriving trade.
July 17, 1877, he married AUie Thorn, a na-
tive of this county, daughter of Dr. Thorn
and Mary Long. He has no children. Dem-
ocratic.
JOSEPH McDowell, barber, Casey.
The popular and efficient tonsorial artist of
1 this town has been a resident of the place
since 1874, when he came here and learned
his trade with George W. Grant, and in the
[ spring of 1875 he set up for himself, and has
j since been carrying on the business, being one
of the best workmen in his line, he has built
up a large and flourishing patronage, and
while other parties have come in the town
and set up in opposition to him, yet his skill
and workmanship has in every case made their
stay short; he has been successful in carrying
the day above ail competitors. He runs
three chairs, all manned by proficient work-
men, who are ever ready to accommodate all
who desire tirst-class work. As a matter of
fact, which is worthy of mention in the his-
tory of this county, "Joe" has the rojiutation
of being the "champion shot," not only in
this county, but of the surrounding ones,
having taken several valuable premiums in
94
BIOGRAPHICAL:
different contests for prizes, and is ever ready
for a good hunt or a friendly contest in the
hunting arena. Was married, February 25,
1879, to Amy, born in this county, daughter
of D. Emerich. He has one child, Harry.
WILLLiM A. MINER, retired farmer,
P. O. Casey, was born in 1819, January 19,
in Belmont County, Ohio, and in 183-4 re-
moi^ed to Morrow County, remaining here un-
til 1840, when he removed to Missoiu-i, and
assisted in laying out St Joseph. He was
a carpenter and millwright by trade and as-
sisted in building the first house in that place.
He returned to Morrow County, Ohio, and in
August, 1846, married Lydia Truex, who was
born October 27, 1827, a daughter of John P.
Truex and Miss Mug Truex, which family was
of French extraction. In 1850, Mr. Miner
moved to Madison County, Ind., where he re-
mained until August, 1863, when he came to
this county and purchased land in Casey
Township and engagad in farming. His
father's name was Thomas Miner, whose wife
was Sarah Clark, who bore him eight chil-
dren, viz.: Sophia, Parley, Mai-quis, Thomas,
Jane, Bartlett, Allen and Hibbard. Thomas
Miner, the father of William A., was a native
of the Eastern States. He w as a Lieutenant
in the Fourth Battalion under Sir Gordon
Drummond, and served in the war of 1812,
aud for several years the Miner family lived
in Upper Canada. His maternal grandfather
was Ebenezer Clark, whose wife was Jemima
Brundage. Her mother, as stated, was Jane
Longford, who was born in Dublin, Ireland,
about 1720. She was fifteen years of age
when she was stolen and brought to New York
City, and was sold there and kept in servitude
until of age to pay her passage. Jane Long-
ford married Ebenezer Clark, and by him
had one son, Ebenezer, who married Jemima
Brundage, aud by her had nine children —
William, Ebenezer, Daniel. Bartlett, Jane,
Calvin, Anna, Jemima, and Sarah, who mar
ried Thomas Miner. To William Allen Miner
and wife were born four childi-en — James M. ,
Jerome. Kosetta and Sarah. Eosetta resides
in California, is the wife of Sylvester Crouch;
James M., who resides on the homestead, was
born August 17, 1847, in Morrow County,
Ohio. He was married. May 2, 1871, to Ju-
ritta Lee, who was born January 30, 1851, in
Parker Township, daughter of Levi Lee and
Nancy J. Randall. Since his marriage, has
been a resident of the farm he now occiipies,
in Casey Township. He has five children,
viz. : Beulah, Lydia, Lucy and a pair of twins,
Allen F. and Levi E. He is a member of
the Baptist Church and Clerk of the same,
and Trustee.
HENRY G. MORRIS, the subject of this
sketch was born at Savannah, Ga., December
9, 1850. His father came of an ancient Eng-
lish family, and took great pride in tracing
his ancestry back in an unbroken line to Gil-
bert de Maurice, who came over with William
the Conqueror from Normandy and laid the
Saxon army low on the bloody field of Sare-
nac. Since that eventful day the familj' has
been frequently identified with English his-
tory, many of its members holding high po-
sitions under the Government. One branch
of the family emigrated to Pennsylvania
about 1680, and other members settled at a
later period in Virginia and Georgia, the
scions of the older stock taking a conspicu-
ous position against the tyrauny of the Gen-
eral Government and taking a bold stand for
independence from the start. The grand-
father of oiu" subject, Thomas Mon-is, spent
several years in Canada and this country, and
wrote a work in 1820 on the progress of the
young republic, which had a wide circula-
tion. The parents of Henry, Joseph R. and
Sarah E. Morris, in 1849 were residents of
Montreal, Canada, the former holding a re-
CASE!' TOWXj^IIIP.
95
sponsible position in the land office under
the Colonial Government. The health of his
wife failing, ih-. M. concluded to try a trip
to the Sunny South, joui-neying in the fall
to Florida, where they remained until 1850,
when they crossed over to Georgia, and in
the next year Henry was born. After remain-
ing in the South a couple of years, the family
crossed the Atlantic, locating near London,
where Henry was sent to boarding school at
an eai'ly date. At the age of ten, the restless
spirit of the boy became uncontrollable, and
slipping off from school, he shipped on an
American vessel as a cabin boy, for New
York. He soon after made his way to Savan-
nah, Ga. , and found a home with Col. Field,
of Pulaski. The breaking-out of the war set
the whole country wild with excitement, and
it was not a great while before Henry imag-
ined himself big euotigh to endure the hard-
ships and fatigiies of the campaigns that fol-
lowed, and cast his lot with a regiment of
Georgia Cavalry, with Field iu command.
The war over in 1SG5, he again took to the
"life on the ocean wave," and from that time
to 1870 traveled on land and water over a
larger part of the habitable globe. 1870
found him in Kochester, N. Y. , where he held
a lucrative position up to 1874, when he left
it for a temporary sojourn in Illinois, taking
with him Robert Walker, member of the old
Twenty-lirst Illinois, who had worked under
Morris in Eochester, and being an applicant
for pension, was compelled to go to CJark
County, 111. , to complete the proof. Mon-is
worked up the case successfully, but it took
a year to do so, and by that time he had
formed so many friendships and acquaint-
ances that he concluded to locate permanently
at Casey, where he had been stopping. Com-
ing into the county a total stranger and with
but little money, he has fought his way up
through many obstacles and difficulties until
he has obtained a position of honor and a
reputation to be envied. In 1879, he was
elected Police Magistrate over AY. A. Crosby,
aud re-elected in 1880 over J. F. Woods, by
an increased majority. In June, 1881, he.
launched the Casey Advocate, an independent
newspaper, which has since Mtained great
success iu the neighborhood and county. In
1882, he was a candidate at the Democratic
primary election for the nomination for
County Judge, aud although defeated by a
much older and better known man, made
such a gallant race that his chances for fut-
ure preferment in that direction were greatly
increased. Mr. Morris manned, in January,
1881, Catharine Gorden, daughter of James
Gorden, of Osceola, Madison County, Ind. ,
and as a result of the happy union have one
child, Sydney Gorden Morris, born Novem-
ber 21, 1881.
LEWIS MYERS, meat market, Casey, was
born November 25, 1838, in Butler County,
Ohio, and removed with his parents to A\'ayne
County, Ind., in 185G, and ten years later came
to Jasper County, 111., where he remained
imtil his removal to this place in 1877, and
engaged in butchering and since run a meat
market. He was raised on a farm, and upon
coming to maturity he engaged in that busi-
ness, which he followed until he came to this
place. August 10, 1860, he married Marga-
ret Shires, a native of Butler County, Ohio,
of German ancestry. He has the following-
named children: John H., Oliver M., Jesse
F., Annie M., Lizzie E., Joseph R. and Roy
L. The father of our subject is Jacob Myers,
a prominent and well-to-do farmer in Wayne
County, Ind He was born 1811, in Lancas-
ter County, Penn., son of Lewis Myers, a
blacksmith. Jacob Myers was a shoe-maker
by trade, and came West to Butler County,
Ohio, in 1828. and engaged at his trade and
earned money to bring his brother Benjamin
OG
BIOGRAPHICAL:
out, wlion they both toiled on late and early,
many nights never leaving their benches,
sometimes wbeu overcome with sleej] would
recline there, or sleeping a short time avd
then resume their labor. These brothers in
this manner earned money iu this way to bring
out the balauS of the family. Jacob Lewis,
after his coming to Ohio, married Catharine,
daughter of Jacob Spohn. a native of Lan-
caster Coiinty, Penn. She bore him the fol-
lowing children, eight sons and one daugh-
ter, viz. : Jacob, Lewis, John, Henry, Thomas,
Benjamin, Samuel, Joseph and Sarah E., all
of whom are residents of Wayne County, Tud.,
except John, who resides in Champaign
County. In politics, the family are all Re-
publicans.
FRANK PERKINS, farmer, P. O. Casey,
■was born JDecember 18, iS-tl, in Madison
County, Ind. He is the third son and eighth
child of his parents, George Perkins and Ag-
gie Allen, George Perkins, the father of
Frank, is a Virginian by birth, and subse-
quently settled in Madison County, Ind ,
where the family lived until their removal to
this coimty in 1865. Prank was qarly in life
iniu-ed to farm labor, and continued with
his parents until his majority, and shortly af-
ter started out upon life's jom-ney for himself.
December 31, 1863, he formed a matrimonial
alliance with Nancy Stinson, a native of
Madison County, Ind. After his mai'-
riage, he located on a portion of his fa-
ther's land and engaged in farming until Jan-
uary, 1 865, when lie came with his parents to
this township. He has 100 acres of land, 80
of prairie and the" remainder timber. His
farming land lies on the south half of
Section 9. He has no children. Has one
adopted son named Rudolph Stinson, a rela-
tive of his wife.
W. S. PETERS, livery, Casey, has been a
resident of the county for twenty-foiu- years.
He was born 1823, September 3, in Butler
County, Ohio, the youngest of a family of
eleven children, six sons and five daughters.
of whom ten came to maturity. His father's
name was Philip Peters, a native of Pennsyl-
vania, son of Henry Peters, also a Pennsyl-
vanian, and of Holland descent, Philip was
married in 1779 to Anna, who was born in
Pennsylvania, daughter of Jacob Bennett,
the Bennetts of German extraction. Father
(Philip) emigrated to Ohio, passed through
Cincinnati, in 1800, and made bis settlement
in Butler County. Jacob Bennett, sub-
ject's grandfather, served in war of Rev-
olution: was Captain of cavalry company;
served nearly through the entire war. His
father came from Holland. William Smith,
our subject, is noW the only one of the fami-
ly that came to Illinois. He was raised on a
farm; liad but common school advantages in
loo- sclioolhouse. Stayed at home until 1858.
January 8, when he married Elizabeth Ann.
born in Hamilton, Ohio, daughter ot" John
K. Wilson and Mary James, natives of But -
ler County, Ohio. Wife died October, 1867.
leaving one child, Philip, now living. Sec-
ond marriage was October, 1870, to Mary J.
Long. After Mr. Peters' marriage, he
came West to this State, in May, 1858,
and for a time lived in Johnson Town-
ship; afterward located here in this town-
ship, and engaged in farming, which he still
carries on. He moved to this town after his
second marriage ; he, in March, 1871, began in
the hotel and livery business.which he contin-
ued six years in hotel, which he discontinued
and has since run livery and feed stable.
Has ] 32 acres of land. No children by last
wife. Republican all his life. In 1868, he
associated with Shannon Wilson, firm name
Peters & Wilson; firm lasted two years.
MARTIN PULTZ, deceased. Of the early
settlers in Clark County was Michael Pultz.
CASEY TOWNSHIP.
Ti
who came to Martinsville ia 1832. He was
born 1810, in Pennsylvania, and removed to
Jefferson County, \V. Va. , with his parents
when about seven years old. His father was
Michael Pultz, a native of Germany. He
remained in West Virginia until twenty-
four years of age, and then removed with
his father into Hampshire County, Va., where
he remained a short time and removed to near
Columbus, Ohio, when he removed to Cum-
berland County, this State, and lived there
until he finally located in this county in
1832. He was a cabinet-maker, and soon
after his coming to Martinsville Town-
ship he located in the town and engaged
in the grocery business, building the second
business house in this town. Here he re-
mained until his death, spring of 1855. He
was thrice married, first to a Miss Painter,
second to a Williamson and last to Sarah Bur-
nett, bom in this county, a daughter of Jo-
seph Burnett, born in North Carolina. By
last marriage he had two children, George W.
and Tabitha. Michael Pultz was an Old-Line
Whig, and for several years held the office of
Postmaster, which he held at the time of his
death. George W., his son, now sui'vives
him; was born October, 1850; he left home
when ten years of age, and lived with his
grandmother. Came to this town in 1876.
He learned his trade with Frank Branan,
and has since worked at his trade. G. W.
married, September, 1882, to Jennie Gasset,
born in Coles County.
JOHN D. EODEBAUGH, flour and feed,
Casey. IVIr. Rodebaugh is the general dealer
in flour and feed in the town of Casey, locat-
ing in the village July 12, 1877. He pur-
chased the interest of James Emely in Sep-
tember, 1882, and has since continued the
business, keeping on hand the best brands
of flour in the market, besides feed, etc., and
has a good trade. He was born November
23, 1853, in Kosciusko County, Ind., son of
Alonzo Rodebaugh and Clarinda Bennett.
His father was a native of New York State,
and was born 1830 and died 1882, son of John
Rodebaugh, a native of Germany. His
mother was a Pennsylvanian. John remained
at home until he was eighteen years of age;
his early life was spent on the farm, but af-
ter leaving home he learned the plasterer's
trade, which he followed as a business until
he engaged in the flour and feed store. Jan-
uary 14, 1875, he married Mary, a daughter
of George Clark and Sarah Cowger. He has
no children,
D. R. ROSEBROUGH, plasterer and bee-
farmer, Casey, was born in 1843, March 17.
in Covington, Ind., eldes^t son of Samuel
Rosebrough, a native of Butler County, Ohio.
Sub.iect's mother's maiden name was Amanda
Stewat, and was born in Ohio, and removed
with her parents to Indiana, where she mar-
ried Mr. Rosebrough, and bore him nine
children, viz.: Harriet, David R., James O.,
Howard, Mary J., Charles, Fannie, Sallie
and Thomas. Subject removed to Coles
County with his parents in 1847, where his
parents settled. His father is yet living, and
was born January 17, 1810. Wife died July,
1860. David R. was raised on the farm where
he remained until July 25, 1861, when en-
listed in Company C, Eighth Illinois Volun-
teer Infantry, and served three years; received
his discharge July 25, 1864. Dui-ing
that time, he was on the following battle
fields: First, at Fort Donelson, Shiloh,
siege of Corinth, Raymond, Jackson, Cham-
pion Hill, then down the Mississippi, and
was in several engagements in that lo-
cality. Was at the siege of Vicksburg,
and was discharged at this place and re-
turned home to Coles County, and for the
first year of his return he farmed. Was
wounded in face at Fort Donelson. Since
98
BIOGRAPHICAL:
1865, he has been engaged at his trade, that
of a plasterer, which he learned after he
came from the service. Came to Casey in the
fall of 1870, and has since his residence here
been engaged at his trade. For a few years
past he has been engaged in bee culture; keeps
the Italian, Cyprian and native bee, making
a specialty of this business, giving his atten-
tion to their culture and propagation, and
is prepared to fill orders from any portion of
the country. August 7, 1872, he married
Anna, who was born December 25, 1843, in
Fairfield County, Ohio, daughter of John
McCrackeu and Catharine Stultz. who re-
moved from Ohio in 1854, locating in Indi-
ana, and came to this State in 1861. Joha
McCracken died September 1, 1865; his wife
is yet living. They raised a family of seven
children, viz.; George, Frank, Avthiu". Anna
E., Martha J., Mary C. and Lovina. George
and Frank reside in Colorado. The others,
except Mrs. R., are residents of Cumberland
County. Mr. Rosebrough has had two chil-
dren born him, Earl and Carl, twins; both de-
ceased. He and wife are members of the
Methodist Episcopal Church. He is a mem-
ber of the A., F. & A. M.
LEWIS RYAN, deceased, was born May
6, 1822, in Logan County, Ohio, son of
John Ryan and Sarah Binnegar. Ryans
of Scotch stock, the Binnegars of Ger-
man stock. To John and Sarah were
born eight children that grew up — Betsey,
Lewis, Jacob, Louisa, Benjamin, James,
Sarah and Emily. Lewis removed with his
father to this county in fall of 1839, locating
on Section 14, in this township. Here his
parents settled on land they entered, and re-
mained on same until their death. His death
occurred in 1876; his wife died about 1842.
Lewis was raised on the homestead, and upon
his coming to his majority he began for him-
self, remaining with his parents imtil his
marriage, which was on March 13, 1845, to
Polly Ann McCrory, who was born 1826,
February 3, in Jefferson County, Ind., the
fifth child of John McCrory, a native of Penn-
sylvania, and removed with his parents to
Kentucky when two years of age, where ho
was raised and removed to Jefferson County,
Ind., when a man. Here he was married to
Polly Wilson, of Kentucky, daughter of
Alexander Wilson, of English stock. John
was a sou of Samuel McCrory and Anna
Spence. Samuel McCrory was a Scotch-Irish
man, and removed to Pennsylvania and
here married Anna Spence, a Dutch woman,
and removed from Pennsylvania to Kentucky.
]\Irs Ryan came to this State from Indiana
in April, 1839, same year as Mr. Ryan, and
located in this township, where he had pre-
viously entered land, and lived here until
their death. They raised eleven childi'en
to be grown: Washington, Jefferson, Sel-
ena, Mrs. Ryan and Rebecca, all in this
county; Nancy in Coles, Margaret in Craw-
ford County, this State. Mr, Ryan fol-
lowed farming up to his death, which
occiu-red January 17, 1866. Was a mem-
ber of the Methodist Episcopal Church;
was a Republican in principles. He served
several years as Justice of the Peace, and
was a man highly esteemed in the commu-
nity. They raised five children, Jennie,
Roscoe, Fannie, Lucy and Mattie. Jennie
married William Poe and died 1874. She
had two children, Alice and Lam-a. Fan-
nie, wife of Frank McDaniel, of this town-
ship. Roscoe resides with his mother on the
homestead; farms and has taught school for
twelve years; began teaching about 1870.
Served as Justice of the Peace one term and
been Assessor and Collector one term. They
have a snug home and comfortable property.
MORRILL SANFORD, retired farmer, P.
O. Casey. Among the substantial citizens
CASEY TOAVXSHIP.
99
and wealthy men of this township is Mr. San-
ford, who was bom August 8, 1816, in Alle-
gany County, N. Y., and moved with his
parents to Decatur County, lud., when
four years of age, remaining here until 1841,
when he came to Cumberland County, this
State. His father's name was Isaac Sanford,
mother's maiden name was Miriam Morrill,
a native of Vermont, daughter of Abraham
Morrill. Subject's father died the first sum-
mer after coming to Indiana, leaving three chil-
dren, Morrill, Angeliue and Eunice; both the
latter died, never raisi?d families. Subject's
mother died in Indiana. Subject was left
fatherless at the age of five, and was raised
by his mother, whom he helped to support.
At age of eighteen, he commenced for self,
farming in Decatur County, Ind. April 22,
1837, married to Mary E., born in Virginia,
Loudoun County, November 20, 1820, daughter
of William James and Hannah Thomas, both
Virginians. Subject bought 40 acres of land
which he located on after he married, upon
which he lived until he came to this State.
Before coming to Cumberland Countj% he
had bought 160 acres in Crooked Creek Town-
ship; located on the land in December, 1840.
He had been out in September previous and
put up a cabin, in which he moved, and lived
in some fifteen or sixteen years. This was
finally supplied with a hewed log and part
frame house, in which he lived until he
came to this county. Wife died 1845, Aug-
ust, leaving foiu- children, two living, Wash-
ington, and Angeline, in Cumberland, wife of
Robert Eeeds. Was married, 1849, to Sarah
J., daughter Abraham and Betsy Huddlestun.
By last wife, has had ten children, fom- liv-
ing, Philip, Charles, Julia and Viola, all re-
siding at home. While in Cumberland Coun-
ty, he was engaged in farming and stock-rais-
ing, was also engaged in merchandising about
1851, store on his own farm; began first in a
small way; carried on his business here only
one summer, when he went to Crawford
County; remained and engaged in merchan-
dising one year; not being successful, he re-
turned to Cumberland County and resumed
farming; some time after, started again in
merchandising, which he carried on success-
fully. In 1863, he bought a stock of goods
in Casey, and in company with his son, Wash-
ineton, has since run the business. March
] 3, 1876, he removed here to Casey, and has
since remained. Is also engaged in the lum-
ber business, and since 1870 has been on-
gaged in the grain business. Whig; since
Republican. Had poor school advantages;
had only four months' school: his mother
taught him some.
WASHINGTON SANFORD, store. Casey,
is one of the oldest business men of the town
of Casey that is now holding forth. He wa<j
born in Cumberland County, this State, De-
cember 18, 1843, the oldest son living and
third child of Morrill Sanford and Sarah
James. Washington was raised on a farm,
and received common school advantages ; re-
mained on the farm until August, 1862, when
he volunteered his services in Company E,
One Hundi-ed and Twenty-third Illinois Vol-
unteer Mounted Infantry; was finally trans-
ferred to Wilder's Brigade. He served until
April, 1863; was first Duty Sergeant. He
was wounded at Perryville, and was dis-
charged on account of disability. He re-
turned to Cumberland County, and contin-
ued here until the winter following, when he
came here to Casey, in December, 1863, and
engaged in business with A. R. Huston, under
firm name of Sanford & Huston; ran general
store; continued together about four years,
when Huston sold out, and his place was
taken by his father, Morrill Sanford, and
since then the firm name has been M. San-
ford & Son, which still continues. In con-
iOO
BIOGRAPHICAL:
nection with tbeir mercantile business, they
are engaged in the grain business also. He
was married April 15, 1871, to Indiana Rock-
afeller, born in Franklin County, Ind. ,
daughter of John S. Rockafeller. Member
of Grand Army of the Republic. Republican.
R.R. SCOTT, farmer, P. O. Casey. Kich-
ard Ridgeway Scott is a Kentuckian by birth,
and first beheld the light of day November
15, 1822, in Kenton County. His father, El-
more Scott, was born February 22, 1790, in
Bedford County, Va. , and removed, with his
parents to what was then Campbell County,
Ky. , in the fall of 1800, sis miles south of
Covington, on Bank Lick. The paternal
grandsire of our subject was George Scott,
who married Martha Elmore, a Virginian.
She died in Virginia in 1797. For his
second wife, George Scott married Theodo-
sia Dent. George Scott served under Gen.
Francis Marion in the Revolutionary war,
and was present at the sm-render of Cornwal-
lis. He finally died where he settled, on
Bank Lick, November 29, 1821. To George
Scott and wife, Martha Elmore, were born
six children — Archibald, Chastine, Judith,
Elmore, Nancy and Susan. Nancy married
Gen. Benjamin Fowler. Susan became the
wife of Dr. Collins. By his last wife, The-
odosia Dent, he had six children, viz. : Will-
iam D., Obadiah, Sallie, Lucy, James and
Minerva. Sallie became the wife of William
Green; Lucy married David McCord, and
Minerva became IVIi-s. Foster Fleming. The
Elmore family were Virginians. Some of
the family, among whom was John, settled
in South Carolina, where he left two sons.
He afterward settled in Alabama, as did his
brother Thomas, and after became Governor.
F. H. , another brother, was a Member of
Congi-ess in that State. Elmore Scott, the
father of R. R., man-ied Polly Cleaveland,
who was born on the banks of the Ohio (on
the Kentucky side), four miles south of Cin-
cinnati, November 13, 1795. She was a
daughter of Levi Cleaveland, of Virginia
stock. Ten children were the frnit of this
union, viz.: Chastine, Wari'en E., Cleave
land, Richard R., Amanda, Lott, George,
Levi, William R. G. , and Mary L. Cleave-
land resides in Huntsville, Ala. ; Lott in At-
lanta, Ga. ; Amanda resides in Chicago, wife
of William Garrett, of Chicago; Maiy L.
resides in this township, wife of William
Heaverin, and George resides in Cynthiana,
Harrison Co., Ky. The other brothers and
sisters are deceased. Richard R. remained
on the homestead until 1841, and in 1849 he
married Rebecca Paxton Allen, a native of
Woodford County, Ky., in April, 1829. She
was daughter of William Allen and Mary
Paxton. William Allen's father was John,
and served during the war of the Revolution,
and received his pay in Government scrip.
Mr. Scott came to this State in 1SG3, locating
in this township: first on Section 8, where
he remained sometime; finally locating where
he now resides, on northwest quarter Section
32, where he is engaged in farming jiursuits.
He is a member ef the Baptist Church, and
is in favor of the Greenback system as a na-
tional cm-rency. Has the following children:
Paxton, William E., Ida M. and Mary. Pax-
ton resides in Texas. Ida M. , wife of Dr. A.
F. West.
<^ HENRY SHERMAN, farmer, P. O.
Casey. Henry Sherman, ex- Sheriff of Clark
County, was born in Syracuse, N. Y., May
16, 1826, and was the eldest son of William
H. Sherman and Mary Kennedy. William
H. Sherman was born May 15, 1802, in
Dutchess County, N. Y., and is a descendant
of Roger Sherman. William H. Sherman,
the father of the above, removed with bis
father, when a young man, to Luzerne Coun-
ty, Penn., where he learned the carpenter's
CASEY TOWXSHIP.
101
and joiner's trade; and while here he mar-
ried, in that county, to Sarah his wife, who
was born 1804, in that connty. She was a
daughter of Thomas Kennedy, of Irish de-
scent After his marriage, he removed to Sa-
lina, now Sj'racuse, where he lived until
1836, when he removed to Ohio, and lived
in Licking and later in Delaware County,
from which place he came here to this coun-
ty in 1854, and purchased 800 acres in Casoy
Township, and continued here a constant
resident until 1878, when he removed to
Franklin County, Ai'k., where he now resides.
While here he was prominently identified
with the interests of the county, and was a
representative man. His wife died in the
fall of 1857. They raised the following-
named children: Henry, Elizabeth, George,
James, Ira, Almond, John, David and Mary.
Four of the above — Charles, John, David
and Ira — served in the late war. Charles and
Ira contracted disease while there, which
subsequently caused their death. At the age
of eighteen, Henry, the subject of these lines,
began the carpenter's trade with his father,
and after its completion he continued at the
same business until about the year 1872,
when he engaged in farming. He was mar-
ried in 1846, to Mary Ann, who was born in
Luzerne County, Penn., April, 1828. She
was a daughter of Jacob Boyd, who was a son
of Cornelius Boyd, of Dutch descent. Her
mother's maiden name was Elizabeth Anderson.
Mr. Sherman came to this county with his fa-
ther in 1854, and for several years was engaged
in building and contracting, but since 1872 has
been engaged in farming pursuits. In the fall
of 1880, was elected Sheriff of the coimty, and
has also served in other positions of trust in
the township as well. He has five children;
viz.: Lewis C, Lenora E., Miner\'a L., Morti-
mer P. and Annetta. Is Democratic, and a
member of the A., F. & A. M., Casey Lodge.
MORRIS SLUSSER, farmer, P. O. Casey,
was born September 26, 1850, in Johnson
Township, second son of John S. Slusser and
Mary Fix. Morris received the advantages
afforded by the common schools, and was ed-
ucated to farming pursuits. After becoming
of age, he began farming for himself. Sep-
tember 10, 1871, he married Sybia Shute, a
native of Hancock County, Ind., daughter of
E. F. Shute and Mary Bulley. After his
marriage, he bought forty acres in Johnson
Township, where he farmed three years. In
July, 1873, he purchased the farm he now
owns, situated on the north half of the south-
we.st quarter of Section 29, and is a success-
ful farmer. He has one son, Robert P. Re-
publican.
MRS. ELIZABETH STEPHENS, propri-
etress of the National House, Casey, was
born in Hardin County, Ohio. April 19,
1841. Her parents were George and Mary
Ann (Dill) Freeland, who raised a family
of six sons and four daughters; Mrs. Ste-
phens being the youngest of the number.
George Freeland, tbe father of Mrs. Ste-
phens, was born in Dauphin County, Penn.,
1801, and removed "West to Crawford prior
to 1850, where he settled, and yet remains.
Mrs. Stephens was first married, July 21,
1859, to George D. Swearingen, who was
born in Ohio April 12, 1824. His father,
Benoni, was born July 21, 1788, and died
July 2, 1856. His wife, Ruth, was born
November 6, 1788, and died December 14,
1858. To them were born two sons — George
D. and Daniel. After the marriage of Mrs.
Stephens, they settled in Crawford County,
on a farm, where., they engaged in farming.
Here Mr. Swearingen died, February 4,
1868, leaving four children, viz. : May. John,
George B. and Maude. Maude died Oc-
tober 15, 1878, aged eleven. By her last mar-
' riage she has two children, Retta and Dick.
103
BIOGRAPHICAL:
Mi-s. Stephens, having rented her farm, is
now engaged in the hotel business, and is
proprietress of the National House, and is
doing a thriving business.
DE WITT C. STURDEVANT, Postmas-
ter and store. The present efficient Post-
master of Casey and ex-soldier, was born
in Portage County, Ohio, October 31,
1839, the youngest son of Silas Sturde-
vant, a native of Pennsylvania. His mother's
maiden name was Betsey, born in Connecti-
cut, daughter of Mr. Wright. De Witt C.
came to this State with his parents in May,
1862, locating in this township; here father
died October 30, iSGo; was seventy-six
years of age; was a tanner by trade, which
he carried on in Ohio; after, he came West
and engaged in farming; mother yet living,
now residing in Westfield Township, and is
now eighty-six years of age; born about
1796. To them were born six children, three
sons and three daughters; now scattered
over different parts of the country. D. C.
came West with parents at the age of eight-
een. He began business for himself; he
learned the silversmith trade at Delaware,
Ohio. After his trade was learned, he worked
with his brother, and stayed in this place
until he came West. Soon after he came
West, he volunteered his services in Company
G, Fifty-fourth, and served on non-commis-
sioned staff as Principal Musician. He en-
listed September 19, 1862, and served until
September, 1865, when he was discharged and
returned to this place and set up in business
at his trade, and has since continued; was
elected Postmaster November 10, 1878; since
served. Member of Presbyterian Church and
Masonic fraternity, and of the Grand Army
of the Republic. Married, November 10,
1867, to Catharine, born in Madison County,
Ind., daughter of William Gutherie; he a
native of Ohio, she of West Virginia. Mr.
Sturdevant has six children — Grace, Charles,
Jessie, Bruce B., Daisy and Harry C.
WILLIAM P, WALKEE, pianos and or-
gans, Casey. William Preston Walker is a
resident of Casey, and for several years has
been the resident and traveling dealer
in pianos and organs. He was born in 1844,
March 30, in Coles County, this State, the
eldest son and third child of his parents, who
were Jackson Walker and Julian Cartwi'ight.
Jackson Walker was born in Hardin County,
Ky, son of John Walker, a native of North
Carolina, and removed to Kentiicky at an
early day. Jackson removed from Kentucky
to Vermilion County, Ind., and finally re-
moved to Coles County about 1835, and
there married and raised a family of seven
children — two sons and five daughters.
Mother died April, 1857; father yet living.
Wm. P. was raised on the farm and remained
at home imtil June, 1861, when he enlisted
in Company E, Twenty-fifth Illinois Volun-
teer Infantry, and continued on until Sep-
tember 7, 1864. During this time, he par-
ticipated in all the battles in which his regi-
ment was engaged, being about thirty in aP
He was wounded in three different battles.
First, at Stone Pi-iver, Teun. ; second, at Chicka-
mauga, and third at Mission Ridge. Marched
every foot of the ground that his regiment
did. After his discharge, he returned home
to Coles County and immediately began busi-
ness for himself, and for a few years was en-
gaged in farming. Married October 2, 1865,
to Mary A. Haddock, who was born in Coles
County, daughter of Ransom and Elizabeth
Mills. Has foiu- children — ^Della, Ora A.,
Elva C. and Katie F. He moved in th's
place December, 1876, and engaged in the
butchering biisiness for a time, afterward
was with Sanford & Son in grain business.
Since 1877, he has been in the music trade
for the firm ot W. W. Kimball & Co., and
CASFA' TOWXsHir.
103
since been in their employ and does a success-
ful business. Member of the Presbyterian
Church. Member of A., F. & A. M., also of
the Grand Army of ^.he Republic. Eepublican.
GARRETT WALL, saloon, Casey, is grand-
sou of William Wall, and a grand-nephew
of Garrett Wall, for whom he was named,
who ser-ved as an officer under Washington
in the Colonial war. His father, William
Wall, served in the war of 1812; he was a
tentuckian by birth; was born 1799, in
Licking County, and married Mary E. , a
daughter of John Stipp, a Virginian, and
removed to Ohio, where he lived until the
year 1831, when he removed to Morgan
County, Ind., where he died May, 1880. His
wife preceded him 1866. They raised a
family of eleven childi-en. Garrett is now the
only one of the family living in the State.
He was born September 24, 1839, in Morgan
County. Ind. , the youngest son of his parents.
He was raised to farming pm-suits, where he
employed his time until his enlistment in
the army, where he spent about four years.
He first enlisted in July. 1861, in Company
K, Twenty-first Indiana Regiment; in Novem-
ber, the following year, he was transferred
into the heavy artillery. He enlisted as a
private and served in the ranks until Novem-
ber, 1863, when he was commissioned as
First Lieutenant, and served in this capacity
until January, 1865, when he resigned on
account of disability, caused by a wound
in the hip by a rebel bullet he received at
the battle Camp Bizland, on Bayou Teche,
being in command of his company and at this
battle where they fought Dick Taylor, and
was Adjutant of his regiment at the reduc-
tion of Ft. Morgan. He served in all the
battles in which his command was engaged.
TJpon his retiu-n home to Morgan County,
Ind., he engaged in farming and stock-trad-
iner — continuing here until Jiuie. 1872,
when he came to Cumberland County, this
State, where he engaged in farming, which
he abandoned on account of his lameness in
hip; and in 1877 he engaged in the saloon
business at Casey. October 9, 1866, he mar-
ried Sarah, a daiighter of Ezra Cox and
Maria Matthews, of Morgan County, Ind.
He has four children — Charley, Daniel,
William and Dick. A stanch Republican
and a member of the Grand Ai-my.
HENRY WECK, merchant and dealer
in produce, Casey, came here in Janu-
ary, 1879, and started in business. At
the time of his coming, there was no
person engaged in this line of business.
He has since been engaged in same, and
has thribbled in the time. One year he
paid out S75,000 for produce, 1881. He
pays the highest market price for everything
in the line of produce; has paid out as high
as S2,300 in one week alone. Ships mostly
to the New York and Indianapolis markets;
ships mostly in car lots. He was born in
Washington County, Md., 1831, April 6,
son of Michael Week, of same county,
where he married Chai-lotte Edwards. He
died in 1833, and Henry was raised up by
his mother, with whom he remained until
twenty-one years of age; 1851, he left Mary-
land and came to Ohio, Licking County;
lived there fx'om October, 1851, imtil Febru-
ary, 1853, when he came to the State, locat-
ing in Crawford County, where he engaged
in farming, and remained there until Janu-
ary, 1879, when he came here to this place.
He began in life poor, and has made what he
has by hard labor and industry. Married,
I September 22, 1852, in Ohio, to Sarah Alli-
i son, born in Ohio, daughter of Andrew Alli-
son and Sarah Blackburn. Has three chil-
dren—Sarah E. , Charlotte A. , John F. Char-
lotte, wife of Levi M. Biggs, of Crawford
County. Democratic.
104
HIOGRAPHICAL:
CHAKLES AYEKENjSIAN, general store,
Casey, dealer in groceries, queensware, flour,
etc. He ranks among the old business men
of this town. He was born in Wurtemberg,
Germany, 1842, October 21, the eldest son
of Eegulait Wekenman and Elizabeth Hoch.
Charles came to this country in the year
1S65, arriving here in this coimtv with noth-
iug. Arrived in New York July 12, 1805; re
mained there until October, same year, when
he came to this State and staid four years in
Charleston; during this time he worked on
a farm and in a nursery Left there about
1868, December, when he went to Coles
County, and in June, 1869, he came to this
county, and has since been a resident. When
he came here he bought out John Balsey,
and engaged in running a restaurant, which
he carried on, at about which time he added
some groceries, and continued there about
three years; then moved to this place and has
since remained. Came here in the fall of
1874; keeps groceries and provision store,
and is doing an excellent business. He was
married Jxme 23, 1873, to March Birch,
born in same place as himself, daughter of
.Jonas Birch and Magdalena Eager. Subject
has foiu" children — Henry, Freddie, Lizzie,
Emma. Mr. Wekenman is a self-made man;
has made all his money solely by his own in-
dustry and perseverance, and has been and
is now among the successful business men of
the town. Member of Catholic Chm-ch, and
one of the leading members in the same. Is
also a member of the Masonic order, Casey
Lodge, A., F. & A. M.
DR. K. F. WILLIAMS, physician, Casey,
is one of the oldest phjsicians in this part
of the county. He came to Illinois in 1827.
He was born November 3, 1820, in Casey
County, Ky. , son of Samuel Williams, of
Virginian stock. He (Samuel Williams) was
born December, 1798, and died March, 1871.
His wife, Letta Mason, was born 1800, and
died 1870. They raised a family of eight
children — sis sous and two daughters.
Those living are Joel, William, George,
Lafayette and Ann. Joel resides in Jasjier
County, this State, is a farmer and jshy-
sician. W^illiam resides in Auburn, this
county; George in this township; Lafayette
resides at Grand Island, Neb. Ann is the
i-elict of Dr. George Husband. The subject
of these lines was reared upon a farm and
emigrated to this State in 1827, to Edgar
County, where they remained until 1837,
when they settled in what is now Auburn
Township, and from this date the Williams
family have been identified with Clark
County. The Doctor remained at home until
twenty-sis years of age. He commenced
business for himself, working on the
national road, where he spent three years.
Subsequent to this he was engaged in run-
ning on the river to New Orleans on flat-boat,
where he employed his time for nearly ten
years. During the last few years he acted
as pilot, receiving $100 for making the trip.
During this time he was giving his attention
to the study of medicine and began his prac-
tice in Auburn, 1846, July 5, his first patient
was Bettie Kidwell. He remained here till
1853, when he removed to Westfield, and in
spring of 1858, he went to Marshall, where
he remained until that fall, when he went to
Chicago and completed his course in medi-
cine and returned to Westfield in 1859,
where he remained until November, 1862,
when he returned to Marshall and continued
here until July 1, 1868, when he came to
Cumberland and located, and has since been
in the practice of his profession, having a
large and extended practice. March 7, 1852,
he married Cordelia, born January 5, 1834, •
in Clark County, daughter of Thomas White,
one of the early pioneers of this county,
CASEY TOAVNSHIP.
105-
came in 1819, now being eighty-two years of
age. The Doctor has the following chil-
dren: Thomas, Mary B., Letta, Helen, John
and Josie. Thomas is following in the foot-
steps of his father, having taken up the same
profession. Dr. "Williams has wide and exten-
sive practice, and has done more for the
community as a practitioner of materia med-
ica than any other physician in this or adjoin-
ing counties, and received less money for bis
services. He has always responded to calls
that have been made upon him, administer-
ing medicine and attention to the poor as
well as the rich. He has been now in active
practice for nearly forty years, and although
a man of iron constitution, yet his continued
exposure, supj)lemeEted with his advanced
years, has had its effect upon him and fi'om
the force of circumstances he has been com-
pelled to abandon nightly visitations, except
in rare and extreme cases, or when called in
counsel with others of the fraternity.
CAPT. OWEN WILEY, merchant, Casey.
Among the leading business men of this
town is Capt. Owen Wiley, who was born in
this county February 25, 1828, in the Bidwell
settlement, son of Reason AViley, born May
2, 1802, in Kentucky, and died August 26,
1852. His mother was Elizabeth, daughter
of Eli Hicks, of Kentucky, and was raised to
agricultiu'al pursuits, at which business he
began for himself at the time he arrived at
his majority. In the spring of 1850, he
went the overland route to California, where
he spent two years, engaged in mining and
in running a saw mill. In August, 1862, he
enlisted in Company K, One Hundred and
Twenty-third Illinois Volunteer Mounted
Infantry, and subsequently elected Captain
of the company and commanded the same
until his discharge, which was in July, 1865.
During this time, he participated in some of
the hotly contested battles of the war and
many skirmishes. His last engagement was
at Selma, Ala. He was married, November
30, 1848, to Sarah Fuqua, by whom ho has
four children — Reason, ClaboiU'n, Elziua
and Zana. When he began farming for him-
self, he located in Hiitton Township, in Coles
County, where he engaged in farming, and
was elected Sheriff of the county in 1872,
and served two years. In the spring of 1876,
he came to Casey and engaged in business,
and has since been a resident of the place.
He has been engaged in mercantile pursuits.
He first associated in business with John
Brooks and H. B. Lee, in 1876. Soon after,
he purchased Brooks' interest and continued
on with H. B. Lee, under the lirm name of
Lee & Wiley, which association continued
withoiit intermission until January, 18S3,
when he sold out his interest to his partner,
and purchased the stock of dry goods of
Charles Fuqua & Sons, and has since been
engaged in the dry goods trade. He is one
of the solid Republicans of the county, and
has served as Supervisor and filled other
positions of trust in the township. He is a
member of the Grand Army and of the A., F.
& A. M.
JAMES P. WOOD, farmer, P. O. Martins-
ville. Among the pioneers of Casey Town-
ship is James P. Wood, who came in the
spring of IS-tO, and has since been a resi-
dent of the township. He was born October
20, 1816, in Fauquier County, Va., and
removed with his parents to Muskingum
County, Ohio, when about one year old.
His father's name was William Wood,
who man-ied Mary, the daughter of Sam-
uel Lampkin, a Virginian. Mr. Wood
emigrated here with his parents and remained
with them until his marriage, when he
engaged in business on his own hook. He
has been twice married; first, September 9,
1840, in Ohio, to Mary Meek, a native of
106
BIOGRAPHICAL:
Muskingum County, Ohio, daughter of Asa
and Kaehel Meek. Mrs. Wood died January
15, 1S44, leaving no issue. His second
marriage was April 9, 1845, to Marj' Ann
Webb, a native of Indiana, born Janu-
ary 18, 1829, daughter of Martin Webb and
Martha Leet. This marriage has been
blessed with eight children, five of whom
are living, viz.: William H., Joshua, Emily,
Samuel and Nancy, all of whom are settled
near the homestead. Mr. Wood has been a
re.sidenton Section 2 for many years; he has
seen many changes and has been affiliated
with the interests of the township as a re-
spected citizen and worthy member of the
community. He has been a member of the
Christian Church for years, and is a stanch
supporter of that order. In polities, he is
disposed to be liberal; was first Democratic,
yet later in life has been more in sympathy
with the Republican party. He has now
about 160 acres of land. Before dividincf out
among his children he had over 300 acres.
E. A. YOUNG, hardware, Casey. The
leading hardware interest of the place is rep-
resented by Richard Alexander Young, who
came here in the spring of 1872 and engaged
in the hardware business, buj'ing out the
interest of H. A. Boyd, and has since contin-
ued the same. He was born in the town of
Oxford, Butler Co., Ohio, 1850, May 1,
the second son of Alexander Youngf, an
Ohioan, native of Preble County, son of Will-
iam Young, an early settler in Preble Coun-
ty. Subject's mother's liaiden name was Re-
becca Scott, a native of Butler County,
daughter of Richai-d Scott, an early settler
in Butler County, Ohio. Subject's father was
born March, 1820, and died May, 1880; wife
died 1860, August. They raised a family of
four children — Richard A., Abraham W..
Laura E., Rebecca. But two living in the
county — Rebecca and E. A. Richard A. was
raised on the farm until twenty-one years of
age, attended common school, supplemented
the same by a course in Normal school at
Lebanon, Ohio. He came here to this town
in March, 1872, and engaged in business as
above described, and has since continued.
Married, 1871, November 23, to Ursulla, born
in Butler County, daughter of Frederick A.
Hansel. She died September 2, 1878; no
issue. Second marriage, January 4. 188 1, to
Kate, born in Indiana, daughter of Kile
Merrel; member of the Methodist Episcopal
Church. He is a Rej)ublican.
MAETIIsTSViLLE TOWIS^SHIP.
THOMAS BLOOD WORTH, farmer, P. O.
Martinsville. The subject of this sketch was
born in Pickworth, Rutlandshire. England,
to Francis and Ann (Strickson) Bloodworth.
He was also born in Pickworth; she in
Spalding, Lincolnshire, England. He was
born in 1785. and died in March, 1858. At
the time of her d«ath she was eighty-seven
years old. His occupation was that of fai-m
laborer. Our subject attended the common
schools of his native county till he was
about fourteen years of age, and then
worked on the fai'm, beginning first by driv-
ing a team. In March, 1855, he enlisted in
the E&glish Army, and served for two years,
and then bought his discharge. He then
went home, and for seven months worked on
the farm, when he started for America, land-
ing in New York City January 1, 1858. He
came direct to Ohio, stopping in Stark Coun-
MAKTINSVILLE TOWIV^SHIP.
109
ty, where he resided for a nitmber of years.
When getting to Stark Connty, he did not
have money to pay for a night's lodging; but
he got a chance to work one month for
$5, and from that time he had no diffi-
culty in finding employment. He was will-
ing to do any kind of work that would bring
him money, so he cleared many fields of
their stumps, and got the name of ''the
stump machine;" but he made money at it,
and that was what he was after. He re-
mained in Stark County most of the time till
1805, working on farm, pulling stumps, etc.
In April of that year, he landed here, and
then bought fifty acres of land, where he
now lives; but he has since added to it, till
his farm consists of 138 acres, about half of
which is in cultivation. There were no im-
provements of any consequence when he
bought his place, but it is now well im-
proved, with good farm buildings, etc. He
has just completed a neat residence, also has
good barn and other outbuildings; but his
success has been obtained by hai'd work and
careful attention to business. In 1S03, in
Ohio, he was married to Elizabeth Gallatin.
She was born in Stark County, Ohio, ISS-t, to
Jacob and Elizabeth (Butler) Gallatin.
They were both born ',in Lancaster County,
Penn., he, January 5, 1797, and she October
21, 1797. He died] July 2, 1878, age of
eighty-one years five mouths twenty-seven
days. She died February 5, 1879, age
eighty-one years three months fourteen
days. Both died in Stark County, Ohio. By
trade he was a carpenter, but followed farm-
ing most of his life. They were the parents
of twelve children; seven of whom are still
living. 'Mr. and Mrs. Bloodworth have two
sons — Francis Marion and Elmer Herschel.
Mr. Bloodworth is a Democrat in politics.
G. W. COOPER, miller, Martinsville. The
subject of this sketch was born in Eush
County, Ind., February 23, 1826, to James and
Rebecca (Updegraflf) Cooper, both of whom
were born in Lycoming County, Penn. They
were married in Pennsylvania, and moved to
Rush County, Ind., 1820; but in 1831 moved
to Shelby County, Ind., and he died there
about three weeks after settling in the coun-
ty, and left a family of eight childi-en, five
girls and three boys, for her to raise. She
remained single till her death, in 1856, in
Shelby County. Of the family, only our
subject and his youngest brother, James, are
living. Our subject's grandfather Cooper
settled in Rush County, Ind. , and his grand-
father Updegraff in Shelby County. His op-
portunities for an education were very limit-
ed. Free schools were unknown in Shelby
County then, and, besides, every one of the
family had to help all they could toward the
8upi:)ort of the family; so his early life was
that of a poor boy in a new country. In
starting for himself, he chose the same occu-
pation as that of his father, and farmed in
Shelby County, Ind.. till 1854, when he came
to Clark County, 111., and bought him a farm
of 200 acres, two miles northeast of Mar-
tinsville. Mr. Cooper continued to reside on
the farm till the fall of 1863, when he
moved into Martinsville, and has continued
to reside here since; however, there has not
been a year but what he has farmed to some
extent, at least raised a crop of wheat. He
sold his original farm here, but still owns
about two hundred acres of land, most all
in cultivation. When Mi-. Cooper came in
to Martinsville, it was to take a half-interest
in his present mill, which he had bought of
B. F. McKeen. They continued in partner-
ship for one year, when Mr. Cooper bought
out the other half from Mr. McKeen, and
continued sole proprietor till 1879, when he
took in as partner H. C. McKeen. They con-
tinued in pai'tnership for two years, and
110
BIOGRAPHICAL;
during the time rebuilt ,the mill, putting in
all new machinery, and changed the mill
from a custom mill to what it is now — a mill
with the capacity of about two hundred barrels
daily, and with a storage capacity of 1,500
bushels. In 1881, Mr. McKeen sold out his
one-third interest to William Cooper, son of
G. W., and now it is the firm of Cooper &
Son. In connection with the mill they have
a cooper shop, and manufacture the barrels
for their own use. October 5, 1848, he was
married, in Shelby County, Ind. , to Lavinia
Hartman. She was born in Bartholomew
County, Ind., daughter of Samson Hartman.
He died March, 1882, at the age of eighty-
nine, but she died when her daughter was a
few days old. Mr. and Mrs. Cooper have
seven childi-en living and four dead — Will-
iam, Martin, George, Susan, Charles, Eliza-
beth and Harry. He and wife are members
of tho Methodist Episcopal Church. All of
his relatives are Methodists; one uncle, Jo-
siah Cooper, is a Methodist Episcopal minis-
ter of note. Mr. Cooper is a member of the
I. 0. O. F., and is Republican in politics.
Mr. Cooper's life has been one of activity, as
he has been engaged in most all kinds of
business, and has made a success of what-
ever he undertook; but has been made by his
own hard work and energy. For some time
he bought and shipped stock from Martins-
ville; also bought and shipped grain for
some years. Mr. Cooper's brother James now
owns the old homestead in Shelby County,
Ind., having 500 acres there.
DR. W. H. DOAK, physician, Martinsville.
The subject of this sketch was born in Coshoc-
ton County, Ohio, January 22, 184:3, toWilliam
and Evaline (Mason) Doak. Both were born
in Washington County, Penn., 1802. Both
are still living, in Coshocton County, Ohio,
and are the parents of seven children, of
whom five are still living, and our subject is
the youngest. He was first educated in the
common schools, and then, in 1862, grad-
uated at McNeely Normal School, at Hope
Dale, Ohio. In 1857 and 1858, he attended
Hiram College, while our lamented Gai-field
was President of that institution of leaiTiing.
In 1862, he was appointed one of the Board
of School Examiners of his native county,
which position he held till he moved West
in 1866. Dr. Doak's early life was spent on
the farm, but after leaving college he taught
school from 1862 till 1864, when he went
into the merchandise business with his
brother, in Chili, Ohio, but continued only
for two years, when health failed, and he
came West in 1866. For one year, he taught
the public school of Martinsville, and then
the school of Westfield for one year. For
the year 1868-69, he was Superintendent of
the graded schools of Marshall. In 1869, he
returned to Ohio, and began the study of
medicine; and, after taking a five-year
course, he gi-aduated in the Medical Depart-
ment of Wooster University of Cleveland,
Ohio. The last year of his course, he was
also House Physician of the Charity Hospi-
tal of Cleveland, a position which he had
gained through a competitive examination in
which there were fifty applicants. After leav-
ing college, he practiced medicine for nearly
five years at Avondale, Ohio. He then cam&
to Martinsville, in the fall of 1878, and went
into partnership with Dr. W. H. McNary,
and has continued here ever since. In 1869,
while teaching at Marshall, he was married
to Sally E. McNary. She was bom in Put-
nam County, Ind., January 6, 1847, to
Ebenezer and Elizabeth McNary, and is a
neice of Dr. McNary. Dr. and Mrs. Doak
have one child, Loring Weber. He is Re-
publican in politics. Is a member of the
J^sculapian Medical Society of the Wabash
Valley, and in 1878 became a member of the
Ohio State Medical Society.
MAKTINSVILLE TOWISTSHIP.
Ill
CHARLES KNAPP DOUGLASS, mer-
chant, Martinsville, was born in Clinton
County, N. Y., April i, 1852, to Prentico P.
and Delia C. (Knapp) Douglass, both of whom
were born in the State of New York. From
New York, they removed to Indianapolis, Ind.,
and in 1S03 to Coles County, 111., and in Decem-
ber of the same year she died there. In 1866,
he removed to this countj^ and in the fall of
1867 came to Martinsville and started into
business with the firm name of C. F.
Knapp & Co. December, 1S7S, ho died here,
but was sent to the old home at Mooer's,
Clinton County, N. Y., for burial; as was
also his wife. Mr. Douglass was in the mer-
cantile business for over forty yeai-s, and
died at the age of sixty-five. Our subject
was educated in the common schools, and
then attended Westfield College, atAVesttield,
111. In 1869, after leaving school, he entered
the First National Bank of Mattoon, III.,
and was book-keeper there till 1878. He
then was elected cashier of the bank, by the
directors, but, on account of entering busi-
ness here, he had to decline the proffered
position. In the summer of 1878, he bought
out C. F. Knapp & Co., and has since had
entire charge of the business. He carries a
stock of general dry goods and clothing
which averages about §10,000 or §12,000,
with yearly sales of about $25,000. "When
entering into business here, he had the ad-
vantage of his father's popularity and trade,
but by his close attention to business he has
increased the business to quite an extent. In
1875, he was married to Miss Belle Johns,
of Ten-e Haute, Ind., oldest daughter of T.
B. Johns. She died January, 1878. Mr.
Douglass is a grandson of Abel Knapp, of
^looer's, Clinton County, N. Y., and is a Re-
publican in politics. He is a member of the
Masonic fraternity, belonging to the Circle
Lodge of Mattoon, 111., No. 707; also to the
Mattoon Chapter, No. 85; also to Godfrey
De Bouillon Commandery, No. 44, Knights
Templar, Mattoon, 111.
S. A. FASIG, druggist, Martinsville, was
born in Richland County, Ohio, February 2,
1846, to William and Elizabeth (Hibschman)
Fasig. They were born in Lebanon County,
Penn., he, March 13, 1801, and she August 24.
1803, and died February, 1882, and he is
still living in Martinsville with our subject.
They moved from Pennsylvania to Wayne
County, Ohio, 1824. From "\Va3'ne County,
Ohio, they moved to Richland County, 1834,
and remained there till 1847; going first to
the State of Missouri, but returned to Clark
County almost immediately, and settled near
Martinsville. By trade he was a weaver and
brick-mason. In the winter time he would
weave, and during the fall lay brick, and
frequently farmed during the summer. He
is father of twelve children. The oldest, a
daughter, was born in Pennsylvania, before
their removal to Ohio. Our subject is the
youngest of the family. Only three are now
living — 'Ml-. Fasig and two sisters. When
first coming here, Mr. Fasig bought ] 00 acres
of improved land, within half a mile of the
present incorporation, paying S3. 25 per acre;
but afterward entered other land in the
neighborhood. Of the 100 acres, about forty
of it was cleared when he bought it. Our
subject was educated at the public schools of
Martinsville. At the age of seventeen, he
started into learning the saddlery and har-
ness-making trade, and followed his trade in
Martinsville for fifteen years, and then went
into his present business of drugs and gro-
ceries in 1877. In his business he is in part-
nership with Harrison Black, now County
Clerk. They carry a stock of about $4,000.
and have an average yearly sale of about
§12,000. He was married in Martinsville,
1865, to Miss M. E. Shafi'nar. She was
113
BIOGRAPHICAL:
born iu Ohio August 20, 1847, to George
and Susan (Cui-tis) ShafFnav. She was a na-
tive of Virginia, and he of Virginia also,
and died in 1851, and she in 1863. Mi-, and
Mrs. Fasig have one child— Oscar — born
June 1, 1806. He is a member of the I. O.
O. F. and a Republican in politics. He has
held various township offices, Supervisor,
Clerk, and has been Township School Treas-
ui'er for eleven years. From 1847 to 1856,
Mr. Fasig lived in a cabin, 16x18, built of
logs and covered with split boards three feet
long; not having nails, these boards were
held down by poles laid on top across the
roof ; but when the wind would blow it would
make openings large enough to allow the
snow to drift in. This cabin had its garret,
and the boys had to sleep up there; and
many mornings, when waking up, they would
find the bed covered with snow, and also the
floor; there was then a scramble to get
clothes on and down to the open fire place as
soon as possible. In this house (there were
five children at the time) they would hold
meetings, entertain ministers and other
guests. For use during meetings, they had
a number of benches made, which they
would carry in when the meeting was held,
but would be piled up on the outside when
not in use. When first coming to this coun-
ty, there were no grist mills in reach; so they
had to depend on the uncertainty of " the
horse mill." Many times Mr. Fasig's two
older brothers would fill up two bags of corn
and put them across a horse each and start
to mill before daylight in order to get there
first, and would then often have to come
home late at night with no meal. In this
way they frequently were left without any
mtel in the house at all, and their bill of fare
■wcmld be lye hominy, pork, milk and potatoes.
DIl. martin" FLENNER, physician,
Martinsville, was born in Butler Conu-
ty, Ohio, September 16, 1810, to George
and Mary (Andrew) Flenner. He was
born in Maryland, and she in Virginia. The
Doctor's grandfather Flenner came from Ger-
many to Maryland. Mr. George Flenner
died in Martinsville Township, 1866, at the
age of seventy-sis. The Doctor's mother
died in Ohio. His father was a farmer all
his life. Our subject was raised on a farm
till he was twenty-one, and then studied
medicine. He completed a course in the Ec-
lectic School of Cincinnati, under President
Curtis. The Doctor then began the practice
of medicine in Ohio, and practiced there till
he came to Illinois, 1854. When fii'st com-
ing, he settled on a farm about four miles
north of Martinsville, where he remained for
nine years, and during the time he practiced
medicine and farmed. In 1863, he moved
into Martinsville, and has been here ever
since, and has i ontinued the practice of his
profession, but has been engaged in other
business as well. In 1865, he started into the
mercantile business, keeping a general store
for about three years; but he did not give his
time to the store. He has since engaged in
the mercantile business, keeping tin and
hardware for a number of years, and now has
a stock of about 81,000. He was married
fii-st in Ohio, 1831, to Rhoda Fetherland. She
lived only about a .year after marriage, leav-
ing one child — Mary Ann, now married and
in Arkansas, near Little Rock. In 1842, he
again mai'ried, to Eliza Cunningham. She
died Jiily, 1881. By this marriage he has
five children — Martin, Martha Ella, Loncedis
and Lontillis (twins), Cerosca. February,
1882, he was again married, to Bernice Ram-
sey; the Doctor being forty-two years her
senior. The Doctor has been a hard wouker
during his lifetime, and has had a large prac-
tice; but now has retired from active prac-
tice, doing only office practice and attending
MARTINSVILLE TOWNSHIP
lia
to an occasional case in the town ; but has
made a competence before quitting, having
three farms which aggregate about two hun-
dred acres. The Doctor owns the I. O. 0. F.
Hall and the store rooms iinderneath. He
has been a member of the I. O. O. F. for
many years. He has been a Republican in
politics since the party first started. For a
number of years he was a preacher in the
Uuiversalist Church. He still holds to the
same belief, but has not preached any for a
few years. When the Doctor first settled
here, most of the country was grown i^p with
brush, the people were veiy poor, and a bug-
<Tv was not to be found anv where, and no
style either. Young men and young women
went to church barefooted on Sunday, and
nothing was thought of it.
JOHN GAMBLE, di-ugs and groceries,
Martinsville, was born in Martin County,
Ind., June 27, 1837, to Thomas and
Nancy (Daugherty) Gamble. He, born
in Ireland, was married in Indiana,
and came to this county in 1838, and
died in Martinsville Township June,
1859. He spent most of his life in the mer-
cantile business, being, as his son is, in the
di'ug and grocery business, but at the time
of his death living on the farm. The mother
was born in Martin County, Ind., but died
here, April, 1881, at the age of sixty-seven
years. They were parents of eight chikben,
of whom our subject is the third, the two
oldest being daughters. Our subject came
to this county with his pai-ents, 1838, and has
made this Lis home ever since. He received
such an education as was furnished by the
early schools of this county. In 1858, at the
age of twenty one, he started in business for
himself in Martinsville, and chose the same
line as his father had carried, that of drugs
and gi-oceries. In ISOl:, he was married in
Sullivan County, Ind., to Miss Amanda
Knotts, daughter of Ambrose Knotts. She
was born in Sullivan Coirnty, Ind., 1810.
Ml', and Mrs. Gamble have had two children,
one son aud one daughter — Harry and Nel-
lie. He is a lifelong Democrat, and is a mem-
ber of the Masonic fraternity. Since first
starting, he has continued in the same busi-
ness, and has been one of the most successful
business men of the town. Besides his stock
of goods, which averages about $8,000, and
his property in town, he has about sis hun-
dred acres of land. He is also in the grain
business, the firm being Gamble & Fessen-
back. They have been in the gi-ain-buying
for about three years. His average yearly
sales of dnigs aud groceries reaches about
$18,000.
H. GASAWAY, Justice of the Peace
and insurance agent, Martinsville, was
born in Parke County, Ind., December
4, 18-18, to Peter and Loveless (French)
Gasaway. He was a native of Ken-
tucky, born in 1815. She was a native
of Indiana, was raised in Vermilion Coun-
ty, Ind. She died in Ne\vport, Ind., in 185'2.
In 1856, he left Parke County, and moved to
Terre Haute, and from there to Sullivan,
Ind., February, 1857, but resided there till
July, 1867; returned to Terre Haute, and
December, 1867, they moved to Marshall, 111.
He resided in Marshall till 1876, and then
removed to Arkansas. Oui' subject had Mar-
shall for his home till 1872, but most of the
time was traveling in the photographing
business. In 1872, he removed to this place,
and was in the photogi'aph business with V.
E. Bean for five years and a half. He was
then elected Justice of the Peace, April,
1876, and since has served as Justice of the
Peace. In 1874, he began in the insurance
business, and since that has represented most
of the leading stock companies in the United
States, at one time representing as many as
114
BIOGRAPHIC AJ.:
fifteen. He now is agent for the iEtna of
Hartford, Phcenix of Hartford, the Phcenix
of New York, the Hartford of Hartford,
Continental of New York, the American
Central of St. Louis, the German of Peoria,
111. He has also been Notary Public since
1876. He received his education in the
academy of Sullivan, Ind. , but left school at
fifteen years of age and entered a print-
ing office at Sullivan, Ind., under Murray
Briggs, and remained there over two years,
and then went into tlie office of I. M. Brown,
the Sullivan County Union office; remained
with Brown for about six months. His father
was one of the earliest photographers in
Indiana, and our subject was raised to the
business, and after quitting the printing
office of I. M. Brown he followed photogra-
phy till he entered ui^on his office of Justice
of the Peace. He was married, November
18, 1879, in Martinsville, to Mrs. Rachel
(Duncan) Wagner,- daughter of George and
Mary A. Duncan, and widow of A. B. Wag-
ner. She was born in Sullivan County, Ind.,
February 10, 1856. Her parents were both
raised near Terre Haute, Ind., and are both
living in Martinsville — a farmer at present
He is a member of the Masonic fraternity,
becoming a member January 17, 1870; he took
his first degree in the Marshall Lodge, 133.
In the summer of the same year took the
chapter degree in the Marshall Chapter, No.
70. At present is member of the Clark Lodge,
603, at Martinsville; also retains his mem-
bership in the Chapter of Marshall. He
is also a member of the Success Lodge,
1204, Knights of Honor, of Martinsville.
He is Democratic in politics. In 1880, he
was re-elected Justice of the Peace, and is
serving his second term. He has been Clerk
of the village, serving three terms. He has
represented the Success Lodge, 1204, in the
Grand Lodge of the State twice, and lias
tilled the offices of Past Dictator, Reporter
and Treasurer, and is at j)resent Financial
Rei^orter and Treasiu-er. In the Blue Lodge,
A., F. & A. M., he has filled all of the offices
2)ro tern., but has been elected Secretary,
Junior Warden, and is at present Senior
Warden.
J. W. GREENWELL, stock dealer,
Martinsville, was born in Berkeley Coun-
ty, Va., 1832, to John and Margaret
(Curtis) Greenwell. They were both
born in Virginia, but moved to Knox
County, Ohio, 1834, and in 1847 came
to Clark County, 111., and settled in Pai-ker
Prairie, south of Casey. He died there in
185o, and she in 1854. By trade he was a
carpenter, but also followed farming. They
first moved into a rented cabin in Parker
Prairie, when there were but three houses in
the prairie, and when most of the land was
Government land. There were only two
schoolhouses anywhere near them; one six
miles south of Case}', and the other at Mar-
tinsville. These were also used to hold
meetings in, and then if services were held
in the community, it was in the private
houses. They were the parents of ten chil-
dren, of whom om- subject is the eighth child.
Five of the ten are now living. Our subject
received most of his education in this county;
attending the school near home, and then the
one in Martinsville. In 1850, he left home
and came to Martinsville, where he remained
for two years. February, 1853, ho was mar-
ried, in Clark County, to Ellen J. Wood.
She was born in Muskingum County. Ohio,
1827, to William and Mary (Lampton) Wood.
They were both born in Virginia, and came
to Clark County, 111., 1840. and died here.
Mr. and Mrs. Greenwell have three children
living- -James W., George R. and Mary. After
Mr. Greenwell was married, he moved onto
his present farm, one and one-half miles
MARTINSVILLE TOWNSHIP.
115
northwest of Martinsville, in Parker Town-
ship. His farm now consists of 400 acrss.
all but fifty of which is in cultivation. Mr.
Greenwell's occupation has always been that
of farming and dealing in stock, and in 1877
he began buying and shipping live stock
from Martinsville. His average yearly ship*
ment of hogs reaches about a thousand head.
When first starting into life for himself, he
had nothing at all; and his success has been
the result of his own energy. He and his
wife are members of the Christian Church.
He is Eepublican in politics.
F. J. HAINES, operator and station agent,
Martinsville. The subject of this sketch was
born in Clinton County, Ohio, September 3,
1853, to Cyrus F. and Almira (Haynes) Haines,
who are now both living in Hendi-ieks County,
Ind. He was born in North Carolina Novem-
ber 27,1830, she in Clinton County, Ohio,18B5.
They have five children living, of whom our
subject is the oldest. By trade, his father is
a carpenter, and came from North Carolina
when he was about fifteen years old. Our
subject received his education in Clayton,
Hendricks Co., Ind. When he was at the
age of twenty years, he began to learn tele-
graphing, under Mr. Hartwell, of Clayton,
but now of Casey, and since beginning at
Clayton he has been employed by the Van-
dalia line. April 13, 1880, he was located
at this point, and has continued here since,
acting as agent and operator. July 2, 1878,
he was married, in Keokuk, Iowa, to Louisa
Menz, who was born in Highland, 111., to
John and Chi-istina ]\Ienz. Mi-, and Mrs.
Haines have one little son, Harry Lee, born
February 6, 1882. Mr. Haines is a member
of the Knights of Honor; is also Republican
in politics. Through close attention to busi-
ness, and gentlemanly bearing, Mr. Haines
has gained the good will of all in Martins-
ville.
WILLIAM HAMMEELY. dealer in wines,
liquors, etc., Martinsville, was born in Chilli-
cothe, Ohio, September 27, 1843, to Joseph and
Rosa (Kramer) Hammerly. He was born in
AVurtemberg, and she in Baden, Germany.
Immediately after their marriage, they came
to America, and settled in Chillicothe, Ohio.
In 1854, they came to Clark County, 111. , and
settled about five miles south of IMarshall,
Our subject remained on the farm till 1857,
when he went to Terre Haute, Ind., and
leai-ned the trade of weaver, working there
for foiu- years. September 22, 1861, he en-
listed in Company E, Nineteenth United
States Regulars, Capt. Mussey, of Cincinnati.
He served the time of his fii-st enlistment and
then re-enlisted in the' Second Indiana Cav-
alry under Capt. Debenbraugh. He then
sei-ved till the close of the war, when he was
mustered out at Edgefield, Tenn. Most of
the time during the last year in service he
was Orderly for Col. George Pui-dy, and
still has passes which he had to permit his
going through the picket lines. He was in
the battle of Shiloh, Miu-fi-eesboro, etc., and
went through the entire service without a
wound — except having his feet frozen at
Green River, Ky. After retvirning home from
the service, he went to Indianapolis, where
he remained till 1873. Two years of the
time while in Indianapolis, he was engaged
to Messrs. Smith & Edenbaugh in their stone
and marble yards, and while with them he
helped to erect Roberts' Chapel, on Del-
awai-e street. In the fall of 1873, he came
to Martinsville, and engaged in the confec-
tionery and bakery business, and continued
in the same till June, 1882. In February,
1882. he also took charge of the St. Nicholas
House, of IMartinsville. and was proprietor
of it till November, 1882. June 23, 1882,
he started into his present business, of dealer
in wines, liquors, etc. September 23. 1871,
116
BIOGRAPHICAL:
in Indianapolis, Ind., he was married to Miss
Sophia Richards. Slie is a native of Ind-
iana, and daiighter of Ruel and Elizabeth
Richards. Both are now living in Terre
Haute, Ind. Mr. and Mrs. Hammerly have
four children — Charles, Nora, Nellie and
Harry. He is Republican in polities.
H. C. HOWELL, agricultui'al implements
and Justice of the Peace, Martinsville, was
born in Virginia, 1832, and was left an or-
phan when six days old; his father died be-
fore his birth. At his mothei 's death, he was
taken into the family o" Coldwell Can-, and
was raised as one of their own children until
he was foui-teen years old, when Mr. Carr
told him who his jiarents were, and gave him
the choice whether to learn a trade or go into
a store. At iirst he chose the store, but after
ten months' trial he was not satisfied with it,
so he returned home and wont to school for
some time, and then entered the saddle and
harness shop of Daniel Campbell, of Wash-
ington, D. C, and remained with him for
some years, and then went to Leesburg, Va,
Loudoun County, and worked at his trade for
about three years. Then to Martinsburg,
Berkeley Co. , Va. , and was there durinw the
cholera scoru-ge of the place, where no one
was allowed to leave the town for fear of
spreading it. In 1856, he left Martinsburg,
Va., and came to Martinsville, 111., and went
into the employ of William G. Files, in the
saddle and harness business. Mr Files was
also Justice of the Peace and Postmaster at
the time. Mr. Howell carried on the busi-
ness for Mr. Files till the time of his death
— 1860. He then succeeded Mr. Files in the
saddle and harness business, and continued
in that till 1861, when he entered the serv-
ice, going in at the first call for three months
in Madison's Battery, but they were never
mustered in. So he returned home and en-
listed in the One Hundi-ed and Twenty-third
Illinois Infantry, and sei-ved till he lost his
hearing and had to quit the service August,
1864. At the time he was disabled, he was
First Lieutenant and had command of the
Company. He was in the battles of PeiTy-
ville, Ky., Milton, Tenn., Hoover's Gap,
Farmington, Rome, Ga., etc. Also in the
charge of Big Shanty. After retm-ning home,
he again went into his old business of sad-
dles and hai'ness, and continued till 1874,
when he sold out and engaged in his present
business of agricultural implements. Since
1867, he has been Justice of the Peace in
connection with his other business. In 1857,
he was married to Catharine Alexander. She
was bom in Edgar County, 111., 1839. They
have four childi-en living — Maiy A. (Polk),
Retta (Tyler), William C. and Lulu. He is
a member of the Masonic fraternity, also of
the I. O. O. F. and Knights of Honor, and
is Republican in politics.
ISAAC ISHLER, Postmaster, Martins-
ville, was born in Wayne County, Ohio, Octo-
ber 15, 1841, to George and Martha (Gar-
rett) Ishler; both were born in Pennsylvania.
In 1852, they moved to Clark County, and
have resided in this county and township
ever since, and are now both living at Martins-
ville. He is a cabinet maker by trade.
They had thirteen children, of whom six
boys and five girls are still living. Our sub-
ject is the second oldest son now living. He
received most of his education in the school
of Martinsville. By trade he is a cabinet-
maker and undertaker, learning it at Marshall,
with Nathan Husted. He worked at his trade
till the beginning of the war. and then en-
listed in Thirtieth Illinois Infantiy — Capt.
Bradshaw. He served nearly three years,
and then re-enlisted with the veterans, serving
for about four years in all. He entered as
private, then was Corporal and Sergeant,
but was brevetted Second Lieutenant at the
MARTINSVILLE TOWNSHIP.
in
close of the war. He was at Ft. Donelson,
Champion Hill, first siege of Corinth, siege
of Vicksbui'g, and Sherman's grand march
to the sea. After his dischai-ge, he came to
Martinsville, and has been here ever since,
working at his trade for some time, and then
sold out his undertaking and furnitiu-e and
went into clerking in gi'ocery and provision
store and post-office. His brother was Post-
master under Hayes' Administration, but
resigned about a year before the time was out,
and om- subject was appointed and has tilled
the office of Postmaster ever since. In July,
1875, he was married in this county to Sierra
Nevada Bennett, daughter of George Bennett.
She was born in this county. They have
one daughter— Edna B. Our subject is Re-
publican in politics. He and wife are mem-
bers of the Methodist Church, and he is a
member of the L O. O. F., of Martinsville.
George Bennett, his wife's father, came to
this county about 1839, and was one of the
earliest in " Moonshine" prairie, his present
residence. He moved from Ohio to this
State.
JERRY ISHLER, merchant,Martinsville,
was born in West Lebanon, Wayne Co., Ohio,
December IG, 1842, to George and Martha
Ishler (see sketch of Isaac Ishler). Till
the age of nine j-ears, he lived in W^ayne
County, and then came to Clark County in
May, 1862, and this has been his home al-
most all his life since. He attended school
in Wayne County, Ohio, till they removed
to this place, and afterward in Martinville.
At the age of eighteen, in 1801, he started
to learn the trade of harness-maker, but soon
after enlisted in the army. In May, 1861, he
enlisted in Company B, Second Regiment
Illinois Light Artillery — Capt. Relley Madi-
son. He served till August 31, 1864, when
he received his discharge at Springfield, 111.,
at the expiration of his term of enlistment.
Most of the time they were in the Army of
the Tennessee and the Ai-my of the Missis-
sippi, serving under Gens. Logan, Sherman,
Grant, etc. Their active service commenced
in Northwestern Missouri, but were trans-
ferred to the Army of the Tennessee March,
1862, landing at Pittsburg Landing, Tenn. .
and were engaged in the battle of Shiloh, in
the siege of Corinth, and also in the battle
of Corinth, November, 1862. They were
then transferred to the army of the Missis-
sippi, and did guard duty at Memphis for a
few months, and then started to meet Sher-
man on his march to the sea, but met Forrest,
Chalmers and Van Dorn, and were repulsed,
lost all their battery, etc., and had to retreat
back to Memphis— about 140 miles. That
ended the active service of the company.
After returning from the army, Mr. Ishler
went back into the harness shop to complete
his trade, continuing there till 1868. He
then went to clerking in a general store. In
1869, he worked on the Vandalia road, as
they were building it. Spring of 1870, he
went to Kansas, stopping till October, 1870,
and then returned and began clerking, and
continued till 1871, in spring, and was elected
Police Magistrate, and served for one term.
In 1873, he engaged in business for himself,
and has continued in a general merchandise
business since. He carries a stock of about
11,500, with yearly sales of about $7,500.
In 1875, he was elected President of the
Town Board, serving for one year. He was
commissioned Postmaster by Marshall Jew-
ell, September, 1873, and held that office
till 1880, and then resigned. He was
married in 1805, in Martinsville, to Miss
P. A. Neer,whowasborn in Richland County,
Ohio, in October, 1843, daughter of Josiah
and Martha Neer. They have four children
— Pontius, Nina, Lizzie E. and Jesse G.
He is Republican in politics, and a member
118
BIOGRAPHICAL:
of the Masonic fraternity, having been in-
itiated in ISG'J; also a member of the Knights
of Honor. Mr. Ishler has been connected
with the Martinsville Express for ten years
as its local editor and correspondent.
HENRY ISHLER, undertaker, Martins-
ville, vyas born in West Lebanon, Wayne Co.,
Ohio, December, 1846, to George Ishler.
(See sketch of Isaac Ishler). He received
his education in this county, attending the
school of Martinsville, and afterward the col-
lege at Westfield, quitting school in 1868.
For some years he did whatever kind of
work came handy to do — working at car-
penter's trade, at cabinet- making with his
father, and also on railroad, as it was being
built through here. In 1875, he began his
present business of undertaker, and has con-
tinued it to the present time, carrying such
a stock of goods as will meet the demands
of his trade; alao having hearse, teams, etc.
He was married 1868 in Martinsville to
Rhoda Suavely, daughter of John Suavely,
one of the old settlers in Martinsville. She
was born in Martinsville in 1852. They have
one daughter — Ivah — born February, 1875.
He is Republican in politics. He and wife
belong to the Church of God. Mx. Ishler
has lived in this county since he was six
years old, first living about one mile north
of town and then one mile east, till 1868,
they moved to Martinsville.
S. L. LEFFLER, hardware, Martinsville,
was bom in Muskingum County, Ohio, 1837,
to Henry and Lydia (Weller) Leffler. He
was a native of Pennsylvania and she of
Ohio. He died April, 1865, in Terre Haute,
Ind., at the age of fifty-six years. She died
in this county about the same age, in 1871.
They were the parents of eight children —
three boys and live girls — of whom three are
now living. Our subject was the fourth
child. In 1846, the parents moved to Clark
Count}', III., settling about two and a half
miles northwest of Martinsville. Remained
there till 1861, then went to Terre Haute,
and our subject remained there for three
yeai's, and then returned to the farm. Mr.
Henry Leffler was a cooper by trade and
was following his trade in Terre Haute at
the time of his death. Our subject also
learned the cooper's trade of his father and
worked at it during the three years in Terre
Haute. He and his brother run a stave
mill in this county from 1864 to 1871, on
the old farm. He then followed farming
till 1881, when he moved to Martinsville and
entered into the hardware business May,
1882, his brother still ccmtinuing on the farm.
In his business here, he carries a stock of
about ^1,500, with sales averaging about
$400 per month since starting. He also
retains his home farm. Mr. Leffler was
married in Clark County, 1868, to Ma-
tilda A. Altland. She was born in Ohio,
Stark County, 1847, to Peter and Cath-
erine Altland. He died about 1850.
She is now Mrs. Hanley, and is living in
this county. Mr. and Mrs. Leffler have six
children, of whom five are still living — Cora
F., Priscilla A., Levi Ai'thui-, Lyman Edwin,
Clarence Luther (deceased) and Myrtle Ari-
zona. He and wife are members of the Lu-
theran Chiu'ch, He is Democratic in politics.
Ml-. Leffler has had to rely upon his own self
since starting in life, and they had to go
through all the hardships of an early settled
country, going to horse mills, and laying
out night waiting for grinding; and other
incidents necessary to early settlers.
WILLIAM LINDSEY, Martinsville, was
born in Owen County, Ind., May 21, 1821, to
Vincent and Martha (Warren) Liudsey. The
father was born in Kentucky, 1789, and re-
mained there till he was ten years old, when
his father moved to Lawrenceburg, Ind. In
MARTINSVILLE TOWNSHIP.
119
1813, he retm-ned to his native State and was
there luaiTied to the mother of our subject be-
tween Lexington and Frankfort, Ky. She
was born and raised there. After they were
married, he moved back to Indiana, and re-
mained there till 1830; they moved to Edgar
County, 111., and in 1836, to this, Clark
County, and made this his heme till the
time of his death — 1862. They were the
parents of four childi-en, of whom oiu' sub-
ject is the youngest. Our subject aud his
oldest brother are the only ones now living
of the family. Mr. Vincent Lindsey's desire
was to come to the cheap lands where he could
make a home and have his children around
him : so he gave each about ninety acres of
laud for them to make a start. Our subject's
opportunities for an education were very
limited, there being only the three months
winter schools which he could attend, and
they were kept by subscription. But as
many other pioneer boys, he made the most
of it, and did not quit his study as soon as
out of the school-room, but by perseverance
he completed a law coui'se and was admitt<}d
to the bar in 1865. He ha:; not followed
the practice of law as an advocate to any ex-
tent, but as an aid in his business career.
He remained on the farm till he was thirty-
three years old, and then moved to Martins-
ville and entered the mercantile business, but
continued in that only for a few years, and
then went into the real estate and stock busi-
ness, which he followed for about ten years.
In 1874, he was employed by the Vandalia
line as local attorney and adjusting agent.
He continued in this till February, 1882.
Since that time he has given his attention to
the Toledo, Texas & Rio Grande Railroad,
a company of which Mi\ Lindsay is one of
the incorporators, and is at present oqg of
the directors and Assistant Superintendent.
This road is one of the connecting links of
the narrow-gauge system between Toledo
and the City of Mexico, and extends from
Cairo, 111., through Martinsville, to near
Metcalf, 111., to the point of intersection
with the Toledo, Cincinnati & St. Louis
R. R., and at present writing they are almost
ready to begin work on the road. April 25,
1844, in Martinsville, ovu- subject was mar-
ried to Rebecca Jane McCroiy. She was
born in Jefferson County, Ind., near the old
town of Paris, November 15, 1827, To them
four children have been born, three sons
and one daughter — Alexander, John Quincy,
James M. and Laura Bell. She is now the
wife of Mr. Elmer "Williams, an attorney of
Terre Haute, Ind. The three brothers are in
the hardware business in Martinsville. Our
subject was a charter member of the I. O.
O. F., established here in 1853. Of the
number, only four are now living — T. B.
McClure, B. F. McClure, B. F. McKeeu
and William Lindsey; all the other charter
members are dead. He has been a Repub-
lican in politics, and has been since the
party was orgpnized, and when there were
but fovir in the townshij) who would acknowl-
edge the party. Mi'. Lindsey has not been
without jJolitical honors — was a number of
times a member of the county board of Su-
pervisory and in 1876 was elected a member
of the State Legislatm-e from his district.
When first starting in life, his father gave
him about ninety acres of land, but he has
not been idle since. He now has a farm of
320 acres, a handsome residence in town, be-
sides a brick business building, 20x80, and
other property. Mr. Lindsey was one of the
main workers in bringing the Vandalia road
to this place, and has always done his utmost
for Martinsville's interests, and has been one
of the leading citizens.
F. S. MAXWELL, jeweler, Martinsville,
was born in Franklin County, Ind., January
130
BIOGEAPHICAL:
15, 1853, to William and Elizabeth A. (Max-
well) Maxwoll. He was born nine miles from
Philadelphia, on the Lancaster Pike. He
was married to Elizabeth A. Maxwell, June
19, 1836, at her home on the banks of the
Ohio Eiver, in^ Kentucky- opposite New
Richmond. He then returned to Philadel-
phia and worked at his trade of ship black-
smith for three years, and in 1839, moved to
a fai-m in Franklin County, Ind., where ho
remained for twenty years. Then becoming
dissatisfied he decided to come further west.
After six months' search for a suitable place,
they settled in Anderson Township, Clark
Co., 111., in the fall of 1859. He resided
there till the time of his death — August 31,
1881 — being then sixty-nine years five
months and seven days of age. Death to him
was simply a change to a brighter world,
where he would meet those dear to him in a
short time. Mrs. Maxwell, the mother of our
subject, is still living. They were the par-
ents of five children, ^f whom our subject is
the third. He was educated in the common
schools of this and Franklin County, Ind.,
November, 1875, he began his present busi-
ness of jeweler, and has continued in the
same since, but has added other lines of trade
also, and now, besides carrj'ing a stock of
jewelry, clocks, watches, etc., he also deals
in sewing machines and musical instruments.
Is agent for the New Home Sewing Machine.
He makes a specialty of organs, also of op-
tical goods. December 25, 1875, he was
married in his own house in Martinsville,
111., to Martha J. Ludington, the adopted
daughter of David and Sarah Humphreys.
Martha Ludington was born April 10, 1851,
at Warsaw, Hancock Co., 111., to Ananias
and Ellen (Mannis) Ludington. He was born
1802, in Dutchess County, N. Y. She was
born in Ohio. They were married in Frank-
lin County, Ind. , 1838. He died in Franklin
County, Ind., 1874. She died at Dallas, 111.,
in spring of 1856. Mr. and Mrs. Maxwell
have two chi Idren living and one dead. Their
first child, Arilla G., was born September
30, 1876, and died Jtouary 20, 1877; Charles
A., born January 27, 1878; Cinderella May,
born December 20, 1881. Mr. and Mrs.
Maxwell ai-e members of the Baptist Church
of Martinsville. He is Democratic in politics.
Through his own industry and energy, he
has made his own way in life.
DE. W. H. McNARY, physician, Martins-
ville, was born in Mason County, Ky. , July
14, 1821, to John and Sallie (Tennis) Mc-
Nary. He was born 1768 on the Potomac
River, Virginia, and died in this county
in 1861. She was born in Bucks County
Penn.,1778, and died here October 14, 1844.
By occupation he was a farmer, and remem-
bered well the time of the Declaration of In-
dependence and incidents of the Revolution-
ary war. In spring of 1840, they came to
Clark County, 111., and settled on a farm
seven miles from Martinsville. In 1826,
they had moved from Kentucky to Green -
castle, Ind., and from there came to this
county. In Greencastle, our subject re-
ceived his early education, and before com-
ing to Illinois had attended one session of
the Asbury University, when Dr. Matthew
Simpson was President. He also attended
a school after coming to this county, taught
by S. C. Fox. Our subject was the youngest
of twelve children, and the cai'e of his par-
ents in their old age fell on him, as the
others were married and away from home.
His medical education was obtained in this-
county. Dr. Samuel McNary was an older
brother and a practicing physician at Mel-
rose, so Dr. W. H. studied under him, and
in 1847 commenced practicing with him
From 1847 till the present time, he has con-
tinued in practice in this county, except
MARTINSVILLE TOWNSHIP.
131
three years spent in California. In 1850, lie
and his brother emigrated to California.
WTaile there his main business was mining,
but also practiced to some extent. In 1853,
he returned to Melrose and again went into
practice theru with his bi'other, who had also
returned from California. He continued in
practice there till 1856; he then came to
Martinsville, but in 1858 his brother died,
and he returned to Melrose to settle up the
estate; so he practiced there for about one
and a half years, and then came here, and
has ever since been actively engaged in fol-
lowing his profession. In Febmary, 1857,
he was mamed to Miss Lydia Milligan, who
was born in Ohio, and daughter of Thomas
Milligan. He was born in Ohio and moved
to Marshall. 111., in the winter of 1856, and
in the spring of 1857 he moved onto his farm
west of Martinsville, but remained there only
for a short time, when he sold it and moved
to Martinsville. By trade Mr. Milligan is a
carpenter, and has followed his trade to quite
an extent in Martinsville, building and over-
seeing the building of some of the best build-
ings here; but on account of old age he has
retired from active life and with the highest
esteem of the citizens of Martinsville, gained
by his unoffieious ways, and by his being a
great reader and thinker. November, 1882,
he moved to Michigan to one of his daugh-
ters there. In September, 1864, Dr. McNary's
tirst wife died. By her he had thi'ee sons;
two are still living — Byron and Herschel V.,
Clement L. (deceased). November 22, 1871,
he was again manned to Miss Mary V. Steel.
She was born in Paris, 111., daughter of Dr.
Robert Steel, an old practicing physician of
Edgar County. By her he had two children,
one living — Eobert P. (William H., de-
ceased). The Doctor is a member of the
.S^sculapian Medical Society of the Wabash
Vallev. and of the Illinois State Medical
Society, also of the American Medical
Society. He has been President of the
Jjjsculapian Society, and has represented
it at Atlanta, Ga, and Eichmond, Va. ;
was also elected to represent the same
society at St. Paul, Minn., and New
York City, but could not attend. He was
sent by the State Medical Society to repre-
sent it in the American Medical Society in
Buffalo, N. Y. With one exception, Dr.
McNary has practiced longer in this county
than any other physician. Dr. Williams, of
Casey, beginning in the spring, and Dr.
McNary in the fall afterward. He has,
perhaps, had a larger practice than any other
physician in the eoimty, for his has been a
constitution that could bear up under more
exposure than most others. The Doctor's first
and only entrance into political life was No-
vember 7, 1882, when he was elected on the
Democratic ticket to the State Senate.
J. D. NICHOLS, farmer. P. O. Martins-
ville. The subject of this sketch was born
in Adams County. 111., June 27, 1835, to
Clark and Phcebe (Morrison) Nichols. He
was born in Vermont in 1804, and died in
Clark County, III., July, 1859, and is bm'ied
near the farm he settled in this county. She
is still living and is in Kansas. In fall of
1835, he came to Clark County and settled in
Darwin, where he was in the mei'cantile busi-
ness for some time. In 1837, he settled the
present farm of Mr. J. D. Nichols. When
settling there first, the nearest neighbors
were two and a half and three miles distant.
After living on the farm for some years, they
then went to Parker Township, where he was
in a mill for about five years, and in 1848
retui'ned to the farm, where he remained till
the time of his death. Our subject is the
oldest of a family of seven boys and two
girls; and as his father was one of the early
settlers, his boyhood days were the same as
122
lilOGRArillCAL:
those of most frontiersmen —helping to im-
prove the fai-m, running wolves, deer, etc.,
also having his share of danger, running
from fires, etc. But he was a boy that took
to the hardships as well as the pleasures of
frontier life, doing his part all the time. He
received his education in the schools of this
county, but when they first removed to the
farm there were no schools or churches near
them, so his first term of school was in Dar ■
win, then in Parker Township, but after-
ward in his home district. Their first house
was a log cabin in the hazel brush of "Island
Grove, " and here the mother would stay for
weeks at a time with her two small children
and not see any one, while the father was
away at work. Wolves would come around
the cabin, but still the mother cared for the
stock and her little family. Our subject
worked on the farm till he was twenty-one
years old, and then hired to John Briscoe and
worked for him for three years, driving cattle
to Chicago and other Northern markets. In
1858, he went to California, but on account
of his father's sickness, soon returned, and
was farming till 1862, when he and his four
oldest brothers enlisted in the army — two in
the One Hundred and Twenty-third Illinois,
and three in Madison's Battery. Our subject
only served for about nine months, when he
was discharged on account of injuries re-
ceived as they were jiutting up breastworks
at Louisville, Ky. He then came home and
remained on the old farm most of the time,
till 1864, when his mother sold out the farm
to William Hoskins. He then came to Mar-
tinsville and engajred in the mercantile busi-
ness for about three years, and then sold out
and bought a farm near Darwin, Clark
County. He remained on the farm for six
years, improving it, and sold it in 1873. He
then again moved to Martinsville, where he
engaged in trading in stock for two years.
He then bought the Nichols House, but re-
mained in it for only a short time and traded
it for land, which he again traded for the
old homestead of his father. This was in
spring of 1875. Since that time, he has lived
on the farm part of the time, and part of
the time rented it and lived in Martinsville.
The farm consists of 400 acres, and is well
improved. In the present year, he has rebuilt
and remodeled his residence and built a good
barn. Mr. Nichols' main business has always
been trading in stock or anything that he
might think would make any money. No-
vember 26, 1859, he was married in this
township to Miss E. J. Newman. She was
born in Edgar County, 111., February 14,
1842, to Samuel and Eliza (Dudley) Newman.
They were natives of Kentucky, and came to
Edgar County, 111., about 1828, moving on
horseback, bringing two children and all
their household goods on two horses. In
1854, they came to Clark County, III, and
died here — he, July, 1861, she, January.
1863. They were the parents of ten children,
five of whom are still living. Mr. and Mrs.
Nichols have four children livmg and one
dead — Viola, Grace, Harry and Lillie. He
is Republican in polities, and is a member
of Masonic fraternity.
DR. P. A. PEARSON, physician, Martins-
ville, is a native of Hamilton County, lud.,
born December 25, 1850, to Herman and
Nancy (McMurtry) Pearson. He was born
in Vermont, 1804, and died in Hamilton Coun-
ty, Ind., 1879, after living in the county for
forty-seven years, and on the same farm.
She was a native of Ohio. She died when
the Doctor was an infant. When Herman
Pearson settled in Hamilton County, he had
to cut his own road for about foxu: miles
through the green forest to get to the land
which he had entered from the Government,
and in the township there were but four or
MARTINSVILLE TOWNSHIP.
123
five settlers earlier than he. His life was
then spent iu farming, leading a quiet life,
but practiced medicine among the settlers till
the county was settled, and then abandoned
the practice of medicine and gave his time
to his farm. In 1812, they were driven from
their home in Vermont by the Indians, and
moved to Ohio, where his father settled and
followed farming. He read medicine at
Georgetown with Dr. Buckner, and after-
ward practiced there for some time. He had
also learned the carpenter's trade, and while
in Georgetown he did the finishing work on
Jesse Grant's house, while U. S. Grant was a
boy gi-inding tan bark at the time. He was
maiTied in Ohio, but his first wife died and
he afterward man-ied the mother of our sub-
ject there. Our subject received most of his
education in Hamilton County, attending the
graded schools of Boxley and Sheridan. He
had been reading his father's medical works
from the time he was fifteen years old, and
in 1809 he went to reading with Dr. Burrows,
of Boxley. He read with him over two years,
and then came to Piatt County, HI., and
commenced the practice of medicine, May
6, 1871, and practiced there for three years
and then removed to Indiana, again to Sheri-
dan, practiced there for three years and then
to Clark County, 1879, and located six miles
south of county seat, and remained there
till October 1, 1882, when he located at Mar-
tinsville. While living in Piatt County, 111.,
he was married, February 2, 1875, to Malinda
Eudy. She was bom in York County, Penn. ,
October 30, 1854, to Jacob and Susan (Ni-
man) Rudy. Mrs. Pearson's grandfather Ni-
man was the father of thirteen children, all
of whom survived him. He died at the age
of ninety-one, having seventy-nine grand-
children and forty-eight great grand-children.
At the time of his death, all of the chikli-en
attended his funeral and many of the grand-
children and great-grandchildren also. One
of his grandsons, Hon. Levi Maish, was rep-
resenting his district in Congress at the time.
Our subject has two childi-en, William Hen-
dricks and Gertie Estella. The Doctor is a
member of the Christian Chiu'ch. He is a
member of the I. O. O. F., and also of the
Knights of Honor, and is Democratic in pol-
itics. The Doctor has always been very suc-
cessful in the practice of his profession, and
has established for himself a good practice
in this county.
W. H. RANDAL, groceries, Martinsville,
111., was born near Westfield, Clark County,
1834, October 0, to Henry and Sarah (Ben-
nett) Randal. They came from Kentucky to
this State about 1830. He was born in Ken-
tucky and she in Virginia. In their family
there were five children, of whom our subject
is the youngest. He was reared on a farm
and received his education in an old log
schoolhouse, and remained on the farm with
his father until he was twenty-one years old,
and then commenced farming for himself in
Parker Prairie near the Round Grove, buy-
ing 40 acres at the start. He continued farm-
ing in Parker Township from spring of 1856
till spring of 1870 he moved to Martinsville,
aud has been here since. In summer of 1872,
he started in his present business of family
groceries, and has continued in it since. In
1856, he was married to Nancy J. Kemper;
she was born in Edgar County, 111., March
20, 1830, to Joseph Kemper, who had set-
tled in Edgar County, 1834, coming from
Virginia, his native place being Culpepper
County, Va. Mr. and Mrs. Randal have
four children living and one dead— John T.,
Sallie L., Mary J., Zona, and Rosa, deceased.
He is a member of the Masonic fraternity.
He is a Democrat in politics. Mr. Randal
still retains his farm, which consists of 90
acres. He carries a stock of about §2,000,
124
BIOGRAPHICAL :
and his yearly sales amount to about $6,000
to 18,000. Mr. Eandal has seen most of the
changes that have taken place in this coun-
ty, from the time that the prairies were cov-
ered with tall grass, and run over by droves
of deer till the present time.
J. L. EOBEETS, milling, Martinsville,
was born in Delaware County, Ohio, 1833, to
Hezekiah and Nancy (I'lace) Roberts. They
were both natives of Luzerne County, Penn.
He was born in 1797 on the Shawnee Flats,
on the Susquehanna River. In 1809, his par-
ents moved to Delaware County, Ohio. She
was born in 1799, and her parents moved to
Ohio, 1813. The parents of our subject lived
in Ohio iintil 1871, when they came to Clark
County, 111. She died here February, 1873,
and he in October of the same year. They
were the parents of nine children, seven of
whom are still living as far as known. Oui-
subject was raised on a farm, but as his father
also had a mill, he worked in that part of
his time. He was educated in the common
schools of his native county, attending for
several terms a school taught in an old farm-
house, used before there was a schoolhouse
ever built in the district. His first occupa-
tion was that of a farmer, but he also learned
the carpenter's trade and followed that for
some time. In 1871, he came to this county
and bought a farm of 200 acres six miles
south of Martinsville; he then followed farm-
ing till the spring'of 1877; he came to Mar-
tinsville and went into his present floiu-ing
mill and has been running it since. Since
buying this mill, he has given it a complete
overhauling and has put in almost entirely
new machinery, and now has three run of
buhrs, and everything for a complete custom
mill. In 1853, he was married in Ohio to
Jane Cosner, who was born in Ohio to Jacob
B. and Margaret (Leonard) Cosner. He was
born in Virginia and she in Pennsylvania,
and both are still living in Licking County,
Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. Roberts have seven
childi-en living — J. H., Leonard W., Rosa
Dell, William S., Lawrence M., Ida A. and
Lloyd M. He is Republican in politics. In
1864, he enlisted in Company C, One Hundred
and Seventy -fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry,
Capt. William H. Robb, and served ten
months till the war closed. The last active
service that Mr. Roberts did was to help
guard arms at Durham's Station after John-
ston's surrender. He was in Gen. Schofield's
command when they were closing in on John-
ston, and helped to repulse Johnston as he
tried to break through.
WESLEY ROBERTS, farmer, P. O. Mar-
tinsville, was born in Shelby County, Ind.,
May 12, 1837, to William and Catherine
(Billby) Roberts. He was born June 17,
1791, in Virginia, and died August 27, 1873,
in Clark County, 111. She was born in New
York September 24, 1805, and died in Clark
County October 3, 1873. The father moved
to Indiana at an early date, when Indianap-
olis contained but three houses, and they log
cabins. He lived in Shelby County, Ind.,
till 1860, when he came to this county and
here resided until the time of his death. They
were the parents of two children, one son
and one daughter, but om- subject is the only
one now living. He was raised on a farm
and received his education in Shelby County,
Ind. He remained at home till January 16,
1862, when he was married to Miss Ann
Jones; she was born in Coshocton County,
Ohio, August 22, 1840, to Abram Tegard
and Sarah (Edmondson) Jones. They were
both born in Virginia. He died when Mrs.
Roberts was twelve years old, and she, July
3, 1881, at the age of seventy-four (see sketch
of Edmond Jones, of Marshall). Mr. and Mrs.
Roberts have two children living — Ijilian
Fayetty and Ceve Vernon. In 18G3, Mr. and
MAKTINSVILLE TOWNSHIP.
127
iVIrs. Roberts moved to their present farm,
one and one half miles south of Martinsville.
It consists of 125 acres, 90 of which is in cul-
tivation. When they moved to it, it was but
partly improved. He is a member of the
Masonic fraternity, and is also Republican in
politics. His occupation has always been
that of farming, but he is also of a mechan-
ical turn of mind, and in September 27, 1881,
be prociu-ed a patent for the "Novel Baby
Jumper " and stand combined. This is an
ingenious device for giving small children
amusement and exercise, where they will be
fi-ee from danger, and out of mischief, and
also save the mrither many of her endless
steps. The rights of this patent are now for
sale, which should give Mr. Roborts a hand-
some return for his ingenous invention.
JOHN F. SH^VrFNER, farmer, P. O.
Martinsville, was born in Lebanon County,
Penn., December, 1839, to John B. and Mary
E. (Fiddler) Shaffner. They were both born
in Lebanon County; he in 1812, she in 1818.
They moved to Fayette County, Ind., 1842,
and in spring of 1850 to Clark County, 111.,
and settled two and. one half miles east of
Martinsville, where she died 1872, ho in Mar-
tinsville, 1880. They were the parents of
four children, all are now living. By trade
he was a carpenter, but only followed it when
he was a young man. His later life was
spent in farming. Our subject received his
education in the common schools of Fayette
County, Ind., and' Clark County, 111. His
occupation has always been that of farming.
He has always farmed on the old homestead,
renting it till his father's death and then it
fell to his part of the estate. He now has a
farm of 240 acres, besides a neat i-esidence in
Martinsville. He was married in this coun-
ty, 1874, to Sai-ah Adelia McFarland. She
was born in Clark County, 111., July 14, 1856,
t(i William and Margaret (Dawson) McFar-
land. He died August, 1880. She is still
living in this county. She was born in
Pennsylvania, but he in Ohio. They were
the parents of eleven children, seven of whom
are still living. Mr. and Mrs. Shaffner have
three children, one boy and two girls — Hard-
ford, Maud and Pearl. He is Democratic in
politics.
NEWTON TIBBS, attorney, Martinsville,
was born in Kentucky July 19, 1854, to
Aaron and Mary A. (Wilcher) Tibbs. In
1860, the family moved to this county and the
mother died here April, 1864. The father
is now living in Southern Kentucky. At the
age of eleven years, our subject was without
a mother, and without a home, and with noth-
ing. He then went to live with a gentleman
by name of Philip L. Boyer, a farmer in the
north part of Clark County. 'Mr. Tibbs re-
mained with him for alx>ut eight years, work-
ing in the summer and going to district
school in the winter. In the fall of 1873, our
subject and two brothers went from here to
Kansas, going by wagon: they went to look
at the country and to take an excursion.
They retiu-ned home that fall, and diu-ing the
winter he again went to the district school,
doing chores for his board. For the succeed-
ing'six winters, he tatight school, but worked
on a farm in the summers. In the winter of
1878, he commenced reading law nights while
teaching. March, 1880, he went to Phillips
County, Kan., and studied law with Elihu
Davis. September, 1880, he was admitted
to practice law in the District Court of Kan-
sas. December, 1880, he returned to this
county, to Westfield, and practiced law there
till September, 1881. In June, 1881, he was
admitted to practice in the Supreme Court of
Illinois. Since September, 1881, he has been
located in Martinsville. August 30, 1877,
he was married in this coimty to Nancy J.
Redman. vShe was born in this county, Sep-
128
BIOGRAPHICAL.
tember 28, 1857, to John B. aacl Susan (Eea-
sor) Redman. They were both from near
Louisville, Ky. He died 1869. She is still
living in this county. Mr. and Mrs. Tibbs
have one little son, Sebert Otho, born August
20, 1878. Our subject is Democratic in poli-
tics, but exercises an independent right of
suffrage. He is meeting with success in the
practice of his chosen profession he so well
deserves, for his has been a life which re-
quired great moral force to bear him up, and
it was not found wanting.
DAVID THOMPSON, farmer, P. O. Mar-
tinsville, was born in Knox County, Ohio,
May 1, 1827, to Bennett and Rhuamy (Ciurtis)
Thompson. Both of them were born in
Berkeley County, Va. They moved to Onio
1826, and in 1850 to Clark County, 111., and
settled near Martinsville, in Martinsville
Township. Both died here within three days
of each other in 1854. His occupation was
that of a farmer. They were the parents of
ten children, six of whom are still living.
Our subject was educated in Knox County,
Ohio. By trade he is a shoe-maker, having
learned the trade in Ohio, and came to this
county in 1849 and started at his trade in Mar -
tinsville and continued until 1872, when he
came"to his present farm, but has followed his
trade some since that time. When he settled
in Martinsville, he was the only shoe-maker
here, and was the only one for several years,
but others had been in some time before.
The town was then mostly log cabins and
hazel brush. His farm consists of 90 acres,
about 70 of which are in cultivation. But
little of it, however, was improved when he
came, mostly being in timber. In 1853, he
was married in Martinsville to Mary Eliza-
beth Pultz, who was a native of Virginia, and
daughter of Michael Pultz. She died 1856.
By her he had two children, Marion D. and
George M. (deceased). In 1858, he was again
married to Eliza Jane Ulrey. She was born
in Knox County, Ohio (see sketch of Michael
Ulrey). By her he has three childi-en living,
William H., Lillie Belle and Oscar. He and
wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal
Chiu-ch. He is a member of the I. O. O. F. ,
also Democratic in politics.
DR. P. F. THORNBURGH, physician,
Martinsville, was born in Morgan County,
Ind., May 9, 1835, to Benjamin and Susan-
nah (Mouical) Thornbm-gh. They were both
born in Virginia, November, J 797, but on
different days of the month. She died 1877,
in Morgan County, Ind. He is still living
in Morgan County, Ind., on the land he en-
tered in 1825, and is the only man living in
the township on land which he entered from
the General Government. His occupation has
always been that of a farmer. Dr. Thorn-
burgh spent his early life on the farm, and
received his education in the district schools.
He remained at home till he was twenty-one,*
then taught school. In 1848, he was mar-
ried. In 1851, began traveling as a circuit
rider in the Indiana Conference of the Meth-
odist Episcopal Church. He continued trav-
eling till 1861, and then was on the superan-
nuated list for two years, and during that time
read medicine near Indianapolis, reading first
with Isaac Furnis. In 1864, he enlisted in
Company D, One Hundred and Twenty-fourth
Indiana Infantry, Capt. Gibson. He served
for one year and was discharged by sui-geon's
certificate of disability. He then spent two
years in reading medicine in Indiana, and in
1867 came to Casey, Clark County, and has
practiced in this county since, except two years.
He remained in Casey for three years, then
practiced in Martinsville for two years. He
then spent one year in Coles County and one
in Edgar; then located on his farm, five miles
southeast of Martinsville, and has continued
practicing and farming since. His farm con-
.MAUTIX-SVILLE TOWNSHIP.
129
sists of 100 acres. When first coming to this
county, Le was a local minister, but in 1870
was re-admitted in tbo Illinois Conference, a
position he still holds, but is on the super
annuated list His first wife was Maria Mc-
Creery, daughter of John and Mary McCreery,
of near Indianapolis. His wife died 1876,
at the age of fifty vears. By her he has five
children living and one dead — Amanda J.,
William B. (deceased), Mary C, Ida, J. "\V.
and Don Alonzo. January 0, 188 1 , he was
again married to Mrs. Sarah K. Hamilton, of
Martinsville She was born in Pennsylvania.
Her maiden name was Jemison. The Doctor
has been a member of the Methodist Episco-
pal Church for forty-five years. Is a mem-
ber of the I. O. O. F. and of the A., F. .V A.
M. He is Republican in politics.
MICHAEL ULREY, farmer, P. O. Mar-
tinsville, was born in Harrison Township,
Knox County, Ohio. January 29, 1830, to
Daniel and Mary (Harod) Ulrey. They were
both born in Pennsylvania, but came to Ohio
about 1820. In October, 1849, they came to
Clark County, 111., and lived here till the
time of their death. He died July, 1859, at
the age of sixty-six. She died October, 1802,
at the age of sixty-four. His occupation was
that of farmer, and at tlie time of his death,
he was farming in Parker Township. Our
subject received his education in the common
schools of Ohio, and has always been engaged
in farming. He is one of eight children,
three of whom are now living. Mr. Ulrey
began farming for himself on his father's
farm, and bought most of the farm, but sold
out there, and iu 1803 moved to his present
farm, which now consists of 240 acres of land,
and is well improved. "When he first bought,
it was but partly in cultivation, over 40 acres
being raw prairie. In 1864 and 1865, he was
also engaged in the mercantile business at
Marshall, 111., but remained on the farm most
of the time himself, and left the care of the
store to his partner. In 1852, he was mar-
ried in Parker Township to Susan Bean.
She was born in Stokes County, N. C, to
Isaac and Sarah (Miller) Bean. He died in
this county November 19, 1S82, at the age of
ninety-three. She died April 11, 1874, at the
age of seventy-seven. They were both born in
Stokes County, N. C. and came to this county,
1834. His occupation was always that of a
farmer. Mrs. Ulrey's grandfather Bean was an
Englishman by birth, but was in this country
before the Revolutionary war, and helped the
colonists. He carried a scar till the time of
his death, received fi'om a Tory's .sword. Mr.
and Mrs. Ulrey have four children living and
one dead — Rosa, Isaac N., Belle (^deceased),
Martin and Clarence. He and wife are mem-
bers of the Baptist Church. He is a member
of the Knights of Honor and I. O. O. F. He
is also Democratic in politics. In starting in
life, it was with nothing but thorough econ-
omy and perserverance he has made a good
property.
MRS. E H. VAUGHAN, merchant, Mar-
tinsville. Ml'. A. L. Vaughan, the husband
of the subject of om* sketch, was Iiorii in Ken-
tucky May 5, 1841, to Winston and Sallie
(Scofield) Vaughan, he born in Virginia in
1798, and is still living in Franklin County,
Ky. He has always followed farming, but
for some years has been retired from active
life. The mother was born in Franklin
County, Ky , 1800, and always lived in the
same house till the time of her death, 1872.
Ml'. Vaughn was educated in his native coun-
ty, attended the Kentucky Military Institute,
and completed his course, 1859. He remained
in Kentucky till the winter of 18r)5, when he
left and moved to S-allivau County, Ind. ,
where he was engaged in the mercantile bus-
iness in Carlisle for ten years, and then came
to Martinsville, 111., and has been in themer-
130
BUXJUAPHICAL:
cantile business since. In 1S75, he was mar-
ried in Martinsville to our subject, Elizabeth
H. Moore, daughter of E. B. and Mary Ann
(Hatrick) Moore. He was born in County
Donegal, Ii-eland, May, ISOS, to Scotch and
English parents. She wa? also born two
miles from Londonderry, Ireland, Novem-
ber 5, 1807. They were married, 1830, and
came to America, 1831. She died November
9. 1880, and he April 13, 1881. For about
one year after first coming to America, they
lived on Hudson street, New York City, and
then to Phelps, Ontario County, N. Y., and
remained there until 1838. In that year, Mr.
Moore came to Clark County, 111. , and entered
400 acres of land. He then went back to New
York, and from there he traveled all through
the Southern States selling goods. He and
his brothers, William and Robert, were to-
gether. They soon afterward established a
store at Vicksburg, Miss. In 1841, he re-
turned to Ireland, but soou returned and
moved his family to Martinsville the same
year. They then lived here till 1848, when
they moved to Vicksbui-g, Miss. , where they
remained for one year and then moved to Do-
ver, Yazoo County, Miss. , where Mr. Moore
was in the mercantile business till 1856, when
they moved to this county again, and settled
on the farm, which consisted of 600 acres
then, he having added 200 more to it in 1841.
April, 1857, he again engaged in the mercan-
tile business in the store now owned by his
daughter, our subject. He continued in this
all the time till his death, but still cai'riedon
the farm, which he added to till it contained
72L) acres. In his family there were nine
children, of whom fom- are now living — Eze-
kial, Elizabeth H., William J. and Jane.
Mr. and Mrs. Moore were lioth Presbyterians
in the old country, but did not join any
chiu-ch here till 1851, when they united with
the Old-School Baptist, in Mississippi. They
are both buried in Martinsville. Sir. and
Mrs. Vaughan have one son, Winston Moore
Vaughan. They are now carrying on the
same bvisiness that IMr. Moore was so long
ensrao'ed in — carrying a stock of general mer-
chandise, which averages about $2,500. Mrs.
Vaughan' s great -grandfather Moore was in
the Irish war, and in the battle of Vinegar
Hill captured a gun from the Catholics, and
this gun is sfill in the family.
B. H. WELSH, merchant and express
agent, Martinsville, was born in 1849 in Clai-k
County, 111., near Marshall, to James H. and
Anna (Lockard) Welsh. They had moved
from Chillicothe, Ohio, to this county in 1848,
and were both natives uf Ohio. He died in
this county, 1868, and she in fall of 1881.
They were the parents of seven children, six
of whom are still living. Our subject is the
youngest, and received his education in this
and Edgar Counties, attending the schools of
Paris and Marshall. Till he was thirteen
years of age, he was raised on a farm, but
since that time his life has been varied. For
some years, he was employed by a man who
was in the agricultural implement business,
and who was also express agent. In July,
1878, Mr. Welsh stai-ted in business for him-
self, selecting the grocery business, carrying
a stock of about $1,000. But most of his at-
tention is given to the express business, as
he has been agent for both the Adams and
American Express Companies since 1878. He
is also local editor of the Martinsville En-
terprise, a. weekly paper which has been
started about a year. Mr. Welsh took
hold of the Enterprise soon after it was first
started, and by his energy is making quite a
success of it. November 8, 1874, he was
united in marriage to Miss EUa P. Suther-
land. She was born in Morrow County, Ohio,
1851, to Joseph Sutherland Mr. and IVIi's.
Welsh have one daughter and one son, Ora
JOHNSON TOWXSIIIR
131
Alice and Cary S. He is a momber of the I.
O. O. F., also a member of the Knights of
Honor, and carries $2,000 in that society.
He is Democratic in politics, and has held
various offices in the town and tuwnship, be-
ing at present City Clerk and also Township
School Trustee.
LEVI WILLIAMS, merchant. Martinsville,
was born in Pennsylvania, December 12, 1837,
to J. C. and Susan (Riddle) Williams. They
were both natives of Cecil County, Md. From
Maryland, they removed to Pennsylvania,
and in 1844 removed to Tipton County, Ind.,
and both died there in 1803. He was a
farmer by occupation. In 1855, our subject
came to Clark County, 111., and engaged in
teaching school. He received most of his
education in the common schools, Tipton
County, Ind., but also attended the high
school of Marshall, 111. He was engaged in
teaching till 1862 and most of the time in
Martinsville. He then enlisted in Company
F, One Hundred and Twenty-third Illinois
Volunteer Infantry, Col. Monroe. The regi-
ment was a part of Wilder's famous brigade.
He was in the battle of Pei-ryville, etc. He
continued service till the close of the war.
He entered the service as First Sergeant and
was mustered out as Sergeant Major. After
the close of the war, he traveled in Minne-
sota for some time, traveling for an Indian-
apolis publishing house. He then settled on
a farm in Missouri, in 1870. He continue<l
to farm there till 1870, and then came to
Martinsville, and entered the present Farmers'
Mercantile Association, and for two -svinters
taught school in the town. In 1879, he took
charge of the business here and has contin-
ued in it since. According to their charter the
limit of stock was $1,500, but by legal vote
since, the charter has been changed so as to
give them the privilege of $6,000 stock, and
at the present time about $3,000 of the stock
is taken, and since he took hold of it the bus-
iness has increased from" about $15,000 per
year to about $30,000 per year. Our subject
was mai-ried in spring of 1800, in Martinsville,
to Amanda E. West, native of Kentucky. They
have one son living, Arthur L. Our subject
is a Republican in politics. Is a member of
the I. O. O. F. and also to the Knights of
Honor. Is a member of the Methodist Epis-
copal Church.
JOHNSOI^ TOWNSHIP.
DAVID BAUGILM AN, farmer and merchant,
P. O. Oak Point. Among the pioneers of Clark
County, and one among the earliest settlers in
this township is l\Ir. David Baughman. He was
born May 19, 1820, in Zanesville, Muskingum
County, Ohio, the eighth son of Christian
Baughman, and Elizabeth Bair; he was born
November 2G, 178,5, in Penna., son of Christian
Baughman, a native of Germany. Elizabeth
Bair was born in Vermont January 24, 1785,
daughter of Adam and Elizabeth Bair. Chris-
tian Baughman moved west to Muskingum
county, and settled near Zanesville, about the
year 1808, and remained there until his death,
which occurred August 3, 1836 ; his wife died
November 8, 1866. They raised twelve chil-
dren, eleven sons and one daughter, all of whom,
lived to raise families. The first death in the
family of children was in August, 1861; Joseph
was killed by the kick of a horse ; he was over
fifty-seven years of age. The second death
was that of Jacol), which occurred in 1863; he
was killed near lloseville, Ohio ; his murderer
has not to this day been discovered ; much
litigation has been in consequence. The chil-
dren in order of birth were John, born Sep-
132
BIOGRAPHICAL:
tember Ifi, ]S04; Jacob, born October 31,
1805; Cbrislian, born April 27, 1807; Joseph,
born December 11, 1808; Adam, December 3,
1810; George, born February 14, 1813; Andrew,
born June 1, 1815; David. Ijorn May 1!*, 1820;
Samuel, l>orn May 17, 1822; Elizabeth, born
February 27, 1824; Solomon S., born June 14,
1827; Jesse M., October 24, 1829; John, Jacob,
Joseph and Adam are deceased. David was
raised on the home place until after his father's
death, when he staid with his mother until he
was of age. May 6. 1841, he married Lucy H.,
born in Delaware County. Ohio, September 16,
1821 ; she was the second daughter of Andrew
and Olive (Horr) Buck. The Buck family
were among the prominent families in Ohio.
Andrew Buck was born in New York June 13,
1793; Olive, his wife, was born May 14, 1800.
Andrew was a son of Levi Buck, of Irish de-
scent ; Olive was a daughter of Frances Horr,
a native of Maine. Andrew and Olive Buck
raised nine children, all lived to be grown ex-
cept one. Children were Levi, Ruth H., Lucy,
Matilda A., Andrew M., Josiah H., Sophrona
H., Phebe C, Harriet N., Ruth H. and :Mrs.
Baughman ; oul^- one in this county, Ruth H.,
wife of Asa Owiugs, of this township. After
Mr. Baughman's marriage, he removed to this
county and came here spring of 1841 ; he came
in a wagon, and in June 16, same 3'ear, settled
on land he entered ; he built him a cabin where
his house stands now on Section 20 ; he moved
into his house July 1, 1841, without floor, win-
dows or doors. He went a long distance to
mills, sometimes consuming four days to get two
bushels of meal. He entered 240 acres in all.
He has since remained here and been en-
gaged in farming. Has carried on store
since January, 1852. He has been success-
ful and has accumulated about 2,300 acres ;
has lost over S40,000 within the last thirty
years. He has two children living, Jesse F.
and Sarah C.; the latter is wife of James Davis,
of Cumberland Countv. Jesse F. resides in
Case}-. Mr. B. has served as P. M. since the in-
auguration of Lincoln. He cast one of the
first Whig votes in the township ; member of
the English Lutheran since a young man.
Member of A., F. & A. M. Hazel Dell, No.
580, served as Township Treasurer since 1865 ;
Republican.
HAMAN FINNEY, farmer, P. 0. Oak
Point. Is an old settler of Johnson Township.
He was born October 8, 1809, in Essex County,
New York ; was the third son of Jonathan
Finnej-, whose mother was Miranda Sacket, a
native of Cape Cod, Blassachusetts, of English
descent. His mother's maiden name was
Mary, a daughter of John Richards, whose
ancestors cauae from Holland. Our subject
removed with his parents to Penna., when he
was three years of age, where the family staid
one year ; then came down the Ohio on a rafi
and located in Butler County, Ohio ; here his
father died. He raised a family of eight chil-
dren, viz.; Damon, Ira, Haman, George,
Elizabeth, Ruth, Miranda and Jonathan, all of
whom lived to be grown and married. Haman,
our subject, was married October 23, 1831, to
Susan L., born 1813, May 5, in Butler County,
Ohio, daughter of John A. White and Mary
Herron, both of Loudoun Count}", Va. After
Mr. Finney's marriage, he settled in Union
County, Ind. and engaged in farming on
his own account, and here lived until about
1836, when he moved across the line into
Franklin County, where he bought a small
place and lived here until the spring of 1842,
emigrating to this State, landing on this spot
April 6. He had entered 240 acres, and upon his
coming he lived with a neighbor until he built
a cabin, which he afterward moved into, and
engaged in improving the land. He has since
added to his first purchase, until he now has
400 acres, all of which he made himself Left
Indiana with S35 ; for several years he had
hard times. He has been successful and has
acquired a competence. He has had eleven
JOHNSOX TOWNSHIP.
133
children borne him, seven of whom are living,
viz.: Jonatiian S., George W., William B.,
Edward A., Mary J , Beulah and Josephine-
all living in this count}' except Mar\- Jane, who
resides in Bell Air, wife of Noah Durham ;
Beulah. wife of Benjamin Shoemaker; Josephine
married Silas Durham. Sons all married, and
in the township ; members of Universalist
Church. Was Old-Line Whig, after Republi-
can. He sent to the late war two sous and a boy
he had raised ; Jonathan S. and George W. en-
listed in Company F, Fifty-ninth Illinois
Volunteer Infantry, and served over three
years, and returned home unscathed. He had
also one brother Jonathan who served three
years in the army and never lost a day's duty
while in the service.
JACOB FLI^'T, farmer, P. O. Casey, came
to the county in 1840, and has been a resident
here ever since. Jacob Flint was born 1832,
September 6, in Franklin County, Ind.; he
was the third son of Benjamin Flint, who was
born in Maryland in 1795, and removed to
Indiana, in Franklin County, when a young
man, and there married Elizabeth Bake, a
Pennsylvanian, born 1800, January 22, daugh-
ter of Jacob Bake, soldier in the war of 1812.
Mr. Flint, the father of Jacob, engaged in farm-
ing in Indiana, and remained there until
the spring of 1840, March 4, landing at the
head of Painter Point, and located on land in
the southwest part of the township which he
had previously entered ; he located his cabin in
the southeast corner of Section 30, and there
spent the remainder of his days. He died of
milk-sick on October 27, 1849; his wife out-
lived him until 1878, June 14. They had
seven children born ; six lived to he grown, viz.:
Peter, John, Jacob, Samuel, William and
Keziah ; but Jacob and WilUiam now living,
Jacob now represents the father, and remains
on the homestead; he came here with his
parents as above described, and remained on
tne farm until August, 1861, when he enlisted
in Company F, Fift}--ninth Regiment Vol-
unteer Infantry, and served three years and
over ; received his discharge September, 1864 ;
during this time, he participated in the fol-
lowing-named battles : first, at Pea Ridge,
Stone River, Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain,
and all the battles up to the taking of Atlanta.
At Stone River, he received a slight wound ;
aside from this, received no wounds, but con-
tracted disease — scurvy in feet and legs.
Upon his return from the war, he resumed
farming on the homestead, and has since re-
mained. He was married, June 18, 1855, to
Hannah, born in Ohio, 1831, July 7, daughter
of William J. Shaddley and Frances his wife.
He had six children, five living viz.: Albert,
Clarinda. Mary, Joseph Hooker and Charles ;
all at home save Albert, who is doing for him-
self Members of Universalist Church. In
politics, he is Republican. Subject's grand-
father on his mother's side was Jacob Bake, a
soldier of the war of 1812.
JOHN FORESTER, deceased, was born in
1811, January 26, in Muskingum County, Ohio ;
he was the second sou of John Forester and
Hannah Adams, both natives of Penusylvania,
and came and settled in Muskingum County at
an earl}' day ; his brother's name was John,
also. He had two sons, Elijah and John, aud
four daughters, Sallie, Ann, Hannah and Mary.
John and wife died in Muskingum county.
John, the subject of tliese lines, was raised to
fanning, and lived at home until February 2,
1837, when he married Mary Ann, born in
1816, January 22, in Muskingum County, Ohio,
of a family of eight daughters, she being the
fifth, born to Samuel Stover and Mary Deitrich ;
he (Samuel) was born in Virginia, sou of
Gabriel Stover, an early settler in "Muskingum
County. Mary, his wife, was born in Pennsyl-
vania, daughter of Balsley Deitrich, a Revolu-
tionary soldier. Samuel Stover served in the
war of 1812, and died in Ohio in 1838 ; his wife
died tlie year following. They raised a family
134
BIOGRAPHICAL:
of twelve children, none living in this State.
After the marriage of John Forester and wife,
they moved to Hocking Counti', Ohio, and pur-
chased land here and engaged in farming, re-
maining here twelve years, and from here re-
moved to this county in the spring of 1 847,
and located on southeast quarter of Section 20,
where he located and spent the remainder of
his days ; his death occurred September 6,
1 S71 ; he was a man highly respected in the
community, for several years a member of the
Methodist Episcopal Church, and in politics a
stanch Republican. He left 400 acres of land ;
upon a portion of this his widow occupies ;
eight children were born him. six gi-ew up, viz.:
Samuel, Lewis, John, Taylor, Sarah, Orilla ; all
deceased, save Lewis, Sarah and Orilla.
Samuel. John and Lewis served in the late
war. John died in the service ; he was a mem-
ber of Company F, Fifty-ninth Illinois
Volunteer. Taylor died June 6, 1882, and left
three children, Ethelbert. Blanche and Edward.
Sarah married W. D. HiU, of this township
Orilla married George Orndorf a native of
Delaware County, Ohio, who was bom Januar}
11. 1854, son of Phineas Orndorf, who died in
1862 ; his wife, Mrs. Orndorf, died in 1855. Mr.
Orndorf has by Orilla three children — WiUiam
L.. Marj- M. and Estella.
DEXXIS FOSTER, farmer, P. 0. Casey.
Mr. Foster was born December 8, 1832, in Lick-
ing County, Ohio. He is a son of Israel Foster
and Esther Steinmetz. His grandfather was
Moses Foster, a Virginian, to whom were born
five sons, viz.: Frank, Israel, Thomas, Jona-
than and Elijah, all of whom came to Licking
Count}-, Ohio, and there settled when the coun-
try was new. In the fall of 1837, Israel Foster
came out here and entered 320 acres in Orange
Township: Butternut Church stands on the
ground. In the fall of 1838. the family came
here, arriving November 7. When the family
arrived, the snow was falling and there was no
cabin built for their reception. Forks were put
in the ground and sheets hungup, a log-heap in
in the center to keep the children warm until
better quarters could be secured. The family
consisted of the parents and nine children —
Lettie, Orin, David. Jerusha, Mary, Eliza. Den-
nis, Francis M. and Israel, Jr. Here the family
settled and remained. Israel, the father, died
March 16. 1847. his wife died April 15, 1841.
and was the first person buried in the Butter-
nut Graveyard. But three of the children are
now living — Lettie (Mrs. Joseph Howe). Den-
nis, and Israel, now in Labette County, Kan.
Dennis was left an orphan at an early age, at
which time, April 14, 1847, he went to live
with William Leamon in Jasper Count}-, and
with him remained until April 9, 1855. He
subsequently made a trip to Wisconsin in June
of the same year, and upon his return went to
Woodford County with horses, remained here
from March until December, 1856; here he cast
his first vote, for Fremont and Dayton. 'V\'as
with Mr. Leamon assisting him iu handling
stock, making several trips to Minnesota and
the adjoining States, and traveled over much
country. He bought his first land in February,
1857, 150 acres at $7, on Sections 31 and
32. He was married, January 31, 1858, to
Francesca, born in Stark County, Ohio, January
15, 1838, second daughter of John S. Slusser,
one of the prominent farmers and early settlers
in this township. In March, 1858, he moved
on this place, and since has been engaged in
farming. He has six children living, viz.:
JIary A.. John S., Kate, Homer, Fred and
Frank (twins). Deceased is Harry, who died
August 18, 1878, aged twelve years and eight
months. Mr. Foster enlisted December 2,
1861, in Company G. Fifty-fourth Illinois Vol-
unteer Infantry, and served until August 13,
1864; he was in Steele's command, also under
Gens. Quimby and Grant. He is a member of
tha A., F. & A. M., No. 580. He is a Repub-
lican straight, and has never scratched a
ticket
JOHNSON TOWNSHIP.
135
RICIIAKD L. GARD, tanner, P. 0. Casey,
is the third sou of Richard Lott Gard, who was
born Febriiarj-, 1S08, in Pennsylvania, son of
Jacob Gard, of German stock. Jacob Gard
married Mary Ann Bennett, and by her had
two children — one son and one daughter. Sub-
ject's mother's name was Rebecca Scott, born
1812, in Butler County, Ohio, a daughter of
Robei't Scott. Richard L. removed to this
State in 18.^)7, and located in this township and
remained here until his death, April 7, 1861.
His wife survived him until October, 18(50.
They had seven children and all lived to be
grown — Jane, Mary. Robert, Jacob, Richard
L., William and Elizabath. Richard L., our
subject, is the only one living in this township;
he was born in Butler County, Ohio, Januar}^
12, 1840, and came to this county with his
parents and landed with them in the township
March 27, 1857, and was raised upon a farm
and remained there until his enlistment in the
army, which was in May, 1861, in Company B,
Second Regiment of Light Artilkny; he was
commissioned Second Lieutenant, and served
about one year ; upon his discharge, he returned
home and remained here until he was married,
October 5, 1804, to Martha Geddes, born in
this township April 15, 1842; was the second
daughter of James R. and Martha Ann (Howe)
Geddes. James R. Geddes was born in Path
Valley, Penn., 1802; he was twice married; first
to Eliza Austin; by her had three children, all
deceased. James R. came West to this State
and located here in this township in the fall of
1838, and here married Martha Ann Howe, who
was born in Boone County, Ky., daughter of
David Howe and Sarah Babb. James R.
Geddes died Januarj- 20, 1856. His wife is yet
living and resides in Terre Haute. The}- reared
seven children — Sarah, Martha, Robert, Mari-
etta R., Thomas D., James E. and Lucy A.
After the subject's marriage, he located on
the Geddes farm and here lived eight years;
here three children were born^Rosa. Luna and
Rebecca A., born in the same house as their
mother. He came in this place in March, 1873,
and has since remained; he has 10!-] acres, and
is engaged in farming; no children were born
here. Jlr. and Mrs. Gard are both members of
the Presbyterian Church. He is a member of
the I. 0. ( ). P., Martinsville Lodge. Politically,
he is a Republican. He was elected Justice of
the Peace, but never served.
DAVID GROVES, farmer, P. 0. Oak Point,
was one of the " boys in blue " who went forth
to vindicate the rights of his country. He was
born May 15, 1837, in Morgan County, Ohio,
the third child of his parents, who were An-
thony Groves and Susan Cross, both natives of
Pennsylvania and removed here when young,
to Ohio. David, our subject, was left father-
less at the age of three years, and was raised
by his step-father, with w^hom he lived until
1860, when he came to this State and enlisted,
in August, 1861, in Company F, Fifty-ninth
Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and served until
January, 1863, when he was discharged on ac-
count of disability from a wound received in
the instep from a minie ball, from which dis-
ability he draws a pension. He was wounded
in the tirst battle he was engaged in. Upon
his discharge, he returned to Ohio and re-en-
listed and served three months in the One Hun-
dred and Forty-second Ohio National Guards,
Company' C, and upon his discharge returned
to this county in the fall of 1864 and has since
lived here. November 29, 1864, he married
Elizabeth, eldest daughter of David Baugh-
mau and Lucy Buck. His wife died April 17,
1877. By her two children were born — Henry
C. and Minerva 0. He married his present
wife, Mrs. Charlotte D. Bailey, November 21,
1881. She was born in Union County, Ohio.
March 13, 1849, and is a daughter of Joseph
Temple and Margaret Washburn, of Ohio
Mrs. Groves was first married in Ohio,
to Wayne Bailey, son of Edward Bailey and
Mary Campbell. ^Mrs. Groves removed to this
136
BIOGRAPHICAL :
county with her husband, in 1S68, who died
January 16, 1880. He was a soldier in the late
war, a member of the Eighty-second Ohio, and
participated in thirteen battles and skirmishes.
By Mr. Bailey she had three children — Jacob
R., AmyL. and Frank B. Since Mr. Groves
returned from the service, he has been a resi-
dent of this township and been engaged in
farming. In politics, he is Republican.
WILLIAM D. HILL, farmer, P. 0. Oak
Point, was born April 1-4, 1837, in Butler
County, Ohio. He was the eldest son of
Philip Hill and Margaret Dodds. He was a
native of Maryland, son of Reuben Hill, of
Welsh descent. William was raised on the
farm of his father, who died when William was
about six 3'ears of age. He was then raised
by his mother, with whom he remained until
after he became a man, and came West with
her in the spring of 1860, when the^' came to
Jasper County in this State, where his mother
bought land and settled on the same. At the
age of twenty-two, he began for himself In
August, 1861, he enlisted in Company F, Fif-
ty-ninth Illinois Volunteer infantry, and served
over three years, and during this time he par-
ticipated in the battles of Pea Ridge, Stone
River and all the battles from Chattanooga to
Atlanta, where he was discharged, and on his
return home he bought eighty acres of land in
Orange Township in this county, upon which he
lived until 1870, when he sold and came to the
place he now owns, having 200 acres of Section
32. and since has engaged in farming. Was
married, October 12, 1866, to Sarah, born in
Ohio in 1846, and removed with her parents to
this county and township when she was two
years of age. Her parents were John For-
ester and Mary Stover. Mr. Hill has four chil-
dren— Harry 0., Charles P., Lyman and
Maudie. Mr. Hill is a member of the Methodist
Episcopal Church, and is a Republican in politics.
He has served as Collector two terms. He is the
only one of the family of children living.
JOSEPH A. HOWE, farmer, P. 0. Casey, is
now the oldest living male resident in the
township that settled here. He was born July
6, 1819, in Boone County, Ky.,and removed to
Decatur County. Ind., with his parents, when
three years of age. His father's name was
David Howe, a native of Pennsylvania, son of
James Howe, a native of the North of Ireland
His mother's name was Sarah Babb, who was
born in Virginia, a daughter of Eli Babb.
James Howe served all through the Revolu-
tionary war. David Howe had three brothers
— Robert, James and Joseph. Joseph was a
Surgeon in the war of 1812, and finally settled
near Charleston, S. C Robert came to this
State and was killed on the ice, in Law-
rence County. James came to Kentucky and
settled and there died. David (subject's father)
served in the war of 1812, and married near
New Lancaster, Ohio, and subsequently settled
in Boone County, Ky., and tliere remained un-
til the year 1823 ; he removed with his family
to Decatur County, Ind., his family consisting
of himself, wife, and eight children. Joseph
A. came to this State with his father in the
spring of 1837. His father located on Section
3, in Johnson Township, and remained until
his death, which occurred November 29, 1846,
aged seventy-five j-ears. He was born August
4, 1771. His wife survived him until January
5, 1881. She was aged ninety-one j-ears.
Joseph A. took charge of tlie home affairs at
the age of eighteen, his father being in poor
health, and was married, August, 1840, to Letty
Foster, who was born in Licking County, Ohio,
August 11, 1821, eldesi daughter of Israel Fos-
ter and Esther Steihmetz. The Fosters came to
this county about the year 1 838 or 1839. After
his marriage, he located on the farm he now owns,
situated on the southwest quarter of Section
3, and has since remained (with the exception
of four years spent in California, where he first
went in the spring of 1850 ; went the second
time in 1859, with oxen, both times walking the
JOIIXSOX TOWNSHIP.
Ib7
entire distance, nearly). He has served in dif-
ferent offloes of trust, as Constable. Justice of
the Peace, Supervisor, and was elected Sheriff
of the county in 1866. He has 170 acres of
land. He has raised nine children, of whom
five are living — John, Joseph B., David D., Is-
rael ¥. and Margery, now wife of Tliomas C.
Cooper, of Casey Township. John resides in
Cumberland County; otiicr sons are in this town-
ship. He was a Democrat up to the time of
the starting of the Greenback party; has since
been a supporter of the Greenback party.
WILLIAM HOWE, farmer, P. 0. Casey.
Mr. Howe was born December 11, 1826, in De-
catur County, Ind. Ho is the fourth son and
seventh child that was born to David Howe by
his wife, Sarah Babb, who were early settlers
of Clark County. William came to this town-
siiip with his parents when he was ten years of
age, and has since been a resident of the county,
excepting eighteen mouths spent in California.
He remained under his father's roof until past
his majority, and in October, 1848, he married
to Harriet A. Crouch, who was born in iMarylaud,
a daughter of William Crouch, who came West
to this 'county and settled in this township, and
lived in the same until his death, which oc-
curred in 1866. He has one son living in the
township— William Crouch. William, the sub-
ject of these lines, after his marriage, located
on the homestead, and has since been engaged
in farming pursuits. In the spring of 1850, he
went the overland route to California, and was
gone eighteen montlis. During this time, he
was engaged in raining. Upon his return home,
ho resumed his place upon the farm and re-
sumed agricultural pursuits. He has four chil-
dren—Frank, John. Jacob and William 11. Mr.
Howe has been identified with Democracy since
he came to exercise the right of suffrage, but
since the Greenback question was agitated he
has been in favor of plenty of greenbacks. Mr.
Howe has filled several important offices of
trust in the township, as Supervisor. Township
Clerk, and Collector, at different times. He
has a farm of 120 acres. His father was twice
married ; his first wife was Polly Curry, who
bore him four children — Julius, Betsy, Margery
and Sarah ; none living in this State.
ASA 0 WINGS, farmer, P. 0. Casey, is
among the old pioneers of Johnson Township,
coming here in the fall of 1840. He was born
Jlarch 22, 1816, in Licking County. Ohio
second son of Henry Owings and Elizabeth
Wells. Henry was a native of Maryland, son
of Henry Owings, whose ancestors came from
the British Isles. Henry the father of Asa,
was married in "N'irginia and remo\ed West to
Ohio in an early day, and remained there until
his death, in 1850. He raised four children
by his wife Elizabeth, viz.: Melissa. Henry,
Asa and Leah, all deceased save Asa, who was
raised a farmer, remaining under the parental
roof until the fall of 1840, when he, in company
with a young man, came here on horseback.
He hired out by the month and lived with
John Cole about nine years. He has been
thrice married, first time to Mary Lewis in
April, 1842; she died leaving two children, none
living ; Mary lived to be married, she died 1879.
Second wife was Elizabeth Durham, she died six
months after, leaving no children. Third time
was in 1850, October 20, to Mrs. Ruth H. Pres-
ley, born in Delaware County, 1820, April 19,
daughter of Andrew Buck and Olive Horr.
Mrs. Owen came to this county in June, 1830 ;
has two children by last marriage. Henry A.,
Ruth E., and wife of James S. Movers. Mr.
Owings located on this farm in 1850, and has
since lived here ; both Blr. and Mrs. Owings
are Methodists. Politically. Whig first, then
Republican, then Greenbackor. Owns 120 acres.
Mrs. Owings was thrice married; first time to
Neri Whittaker, by him had four; Cyrus L.,
Florella, Sylvester and Augustus E,; Sylvester
was soldier in late war, One Hundred and
Twenty-Third Illinois Volunteer Infantry,
Company G ; was killed at Perryville ; Cyrus
138
BIOGRArHICAL:
L., member of the Eleventh Missouri Cavalry;
Augustus in !Madison Batterj-.
MARIOX PARTLOW, farmer, P. 0. Bell
Air. The Partlow famih" came to this county
in the fall of 1839. The father of the above
was John H. Partlow. who was born in
1811 in one of the Middle States, and was a
son of Jacob Partlow. John H. Partlow came
from Indiana to this county, in 1839 ; he came
with his wile Lydia, and a team of horses, and
was making his waj' westward, and stopped
for a time to rest in this county, intending to
pursue his journey when recuperated ; but
liking the county so well, he resolved to go no
farther, and accordingly entered SO acres on
Section 35 in Johnson Township, and remained
here for many j-ears ; he finallj- went to
Arkansas for his health, and there died. He
was a member of the " Church of God," and
preached that doctrine. His wife was Lydia
Bennett (prior to her marriage), who bore him
seventeen children ; but six of the number now
living, Marion, Columbus X. and four sisters.
Marion was born February 27, 1844, on the farm
he now owns, and has since been a resident of
the township ; he married Martha L. Bowles,
who was born in Ohio, daughter of Wilson
Bowles ; she died in 3Iarch, 1881, leaving three
children — Nollie Franklin, Henry A. and Orie
D. Mr. Partlow has 117 acres of land. He was
elected Justice of the Peace in the spring of
1880, and has been affiliated with the Democrat-
ic party since he cast his first vote, and has
served as Constable and in other offices of
trust in the township. He has four sisters
living — Annie E., who is the relict of John M.
Stocksdale ; Sophia is the wife of John Simp-
son ; Roanna, wife of John Elliott, of Orange
Township; Phebe, wife of Samuel Simcox, all of
this county. Mr. Partlow in 1880 had the mis-
fortune to have his house and contents burned
to the ground, which has been replaced on the
site of the old one.
ISAAC REED, farmer, P. 0. Casey, is one
of the self-made men of the countj-, and is now
one of the wealthy and thoroughgoing farmers
in the township. He was born in Shelby
Countj-, Ind., 1837, November 28. He is the
son and child of Philip Reed and Mary Smith,
both natives of North Carolina, where thej'
were married, and removed to Shelby County,
Ind., about the year 1818. Here they lived
until their death. They had eleven children
born to them, seven of whom were raised to
maturity. Isaac was thrown upon his own
resources at an early age, his mother dying,
and a step-mother was not congenial to him ;
and at the age of fourteen he began for himself,
and when nineteen years of age he came to
this State and to the township in the fall of
1856, and has since been identified with the
interests of the county, excepting a j-ear and a
half when he lived in Edgar Count}'. He
worked out by the month, and for several
j-ears made the best use of his time, and saved
his mone}' and purchased eighty acres in 1859,
on Section 4, where he now lives, for which
he paid $1,01)3, and moved on the same in the
fall of ISCO, and since that time has been a
resident of this place. He has now about 535
acres, all in this township except IGO in Case}-
Township. He was married, 1800, March 11,
to Josephine Allen, born in Edgar County.
1840, May 24, eldest, daughter of \Tilliam
Allen and Elizabeth Barues. William Barnes
was a Virginian; she (his wife) was from Indi-
ana. William was son of James Allen. Mr.
Reed has had five children, four are living —
Mary, Louella, Willie and Cora. Mary is wife
of Charles Gard. Flora died May, 1881, aged
eighteen j-ears six months and ten days.
Democratic. Mr. Reed is one of the most suc-
cessful farmers and business men in the count}'.
JOHN SCOTT, farmer, P. O. Casey, is an
Ohioan by birth. He was bom in Butler
County in 1817, February (3, the eldest child
of his parents, who were Richard Scott and
Ann Steele. He was born July 26. 1788, in
Adams County, Penn., son of John Scott, a
JOHNSON TOWNSHIP.
139
native of Ireland, who came to Penusylvaiiia
and settled prior to the Revolution. He mar-
ried Rebecca Elliot in Ireland, and by her had
five sous and one daughter. Two of the sons
lived to see over fourscore years. James,
Jinsey, Robert, John, William, Richard, were
the children. John Scott, the father of the
above-mentioned children, removed with his
family to Kentucky, remaining there five years;
then moved to Ohio before it became a Stale ;
there he and wife both died in what was after
Butler County. The children all settled in
that neighborhood. Ann, the mother of our
subject, was born March 16, 1796, in Bour-
bon County, Ky., daughter of William Steele,
who raised a large family, consisting of the
following children : Joseph, William, Alex-
ander, John, Samuel, James. Jane, Ann, Mary
and Eleanor. The fiither of our subject Avas
a farmer by occupation. He was a soldier in
the war of 1812, and remained in Butler
County until his death, on December 7, 1874.
His wife died March 14, 1804. They raised a
family of five children, viz., John, William,
Eleanor, Richard and Rebecca. Richard and
Rebecca are deceased. Richard H. served over
three years ui Seventy-fifth Ohio Volunteer
Infantry, in Capt. H. L. :Morey's company. He
finished his term of service, and re-enlisted,
and while in Florida was taken prisoner and
confined in Audersouville Prison, where he
died in 1865, April 24, just two days before
the prisoners were released. The other mem-
bers of the family are living back in Butler
County, Ohio. John, the subject of these lines,
was raised a farmer, and left home at the time
of his marriage, which was on August 29, 1850,
to Christiana, born on June 5. 1831, in Ger-
manj', daughter of John and Cliristiana Sykle.
After his marriage, he removed to Preble
County, where he purchased lain! and engaged
in farming, and remained here eleven years,
and in the fall of 1S61 he sold out and came
here to this county; and in October, that year.
he located on the farm he now owns and since
remained. He has 260 acres in Sections 7 and S.
No children of the irown : have raised two chil-
dven — Nancy E. Steele and Rebecca S. Young.
Member of Presbyterian Church all liis life.
Republican.
WILLIAM T. SHADLEY, farmer, P. 0. Oak
Point, was born January 10, 1833, in Shelby
County, Ind., the fourth son and eighth child
of a family of twelve children. His father was
William J. Shadley, who was born September
8, 1800, in Virginia, and removed to Licking
County, Ohio, when a young man, and here
married, March 20, 1819, to Rebecca, born
April 8, 1797, in Virginia, daughter of Joseph
Francis. After his marriage, he moved to
Shelbj- County, Ind., and here remained until
the fall of 1852, when he removed with his
family to this State and bought 360 acres in
Johnson Township, land in Sections 33 and 28,
and died here in the township October 1, 1857;
his wife died October 27, of the same year.
They raised a family of eleven children, viz.:
Ursula, Mary, Nathaniel, Amy, James, Mahlon,
Hannah, William F., Daniel, Francis and
Stephen, all living save Daniel; all living in
Shelby County except Hannah, Ursula, Mary,
Amy and William F. William Francis, our
subject, was raised a farmer, and was eighteen
years of age when he came to this count}-. At
his majoritj', he was married, in January 21,
1854, to Sarah C, born in Stark County, Ohio,
eldest daughter (and child) of Jolm S. Slusser
by his wife, Nancy Montgomery. After Mr.
Shadley's marriage, he located on a piece of
land given him by his father, and engaged in
farming, and has since remained. He has now
265 acres of land, all in this township. He has
six children living, eight were Ijorn; the living
—Viola (wife of Jolm A. Thorp), John, Hanan,
Frank, Mary and Nevada; deceased were Day-
ton and an infant daughter. Mr. Shadley has
two sisters in this township — Hannah, Mrs.
Jacob Flint; Marv, wife of Jacob Neighbarger.
140
BIOGRAPHICAL;
Ursula E., resides in Case}-, wife of Thomas
Bless; Am_v, lives iu Jasper Count}-, wife of
John Foutz. He is a member of the Methoci-
ist Episcopal Church. Politicall}-, he is a
Republican.
BENJAMIN F. SHOEMAKER, farmer and
stock-raiser, P. 0. Oak Point, is the eldest of
the Shoemaker brothers. He was born in De-
catur Count}-, Ind., September 22, 1838; is the
eldest of the living sons of Jesse Shoemaker
and Marj- Ann Wiley. Jesse Shoemaker was
born May 12, 1S09, in Guilford County, N. C,
son of Conrad and Jane (Witt) Shoemaker, of
German stock. Conrad removed with his family
from North Carolina and settled in Boone
County, Ind., at an early da\-, and here died
about the year 1840. He raised a family of
four sons and four daughters — Elijah, Jesse,
George, Michael, Polly, Katie, Eliza and Betsy
Ann. Elijah and Polly remained in North Caro-
lina; the others came with their parents to
Boone County. Our subject's maternal grand-
father was Thomas Wiley, who married Mary
Birney, and by her had four children, two sons
and two daughters — Nathan, Elizabeth, Mary
Ann and Thomas. Benjamin F. came to this
State with his father and mother when ten
years of age, and has since been a resident of
the township. His father is j-et living; his
mother died December 26, 1863; she was born
in Guilford County, N. C, September 21, 1813.
To them Ave children were born, viz.: Wash-
ington P., Benjamin F., William H., John L.
and Indiana L., all deceased except Benjamin
F. and John L., both residents of this township.
Washington P. died in the army in 1865; he
was a member of Companj- G, One Hundred
and Fifty-second Illinois Volunteer Infantry;
W^illiam H., was iuthe One Hundred and Twen-
ty-third Illinois Volunteer Infantry, Company
G.. died October 2G, 1868, and left one child-
John D.; John was in Company G, One Hun-
dred and Twenty-third Indiana; he married
Miss Flint, and died in this county June 17,
1879. Benjamin F. enlisted August 5. 18G1,
in Companj- B, Second Illinois, Batter}- B, and
served out three years and re-enlisted in Han-
cock's corps, and served one year in the corps,
making four years of solid service, and during
his four years of service he was never absent
from his command except five days, when he
was taken with the measles. He served as
a private, and was never wounded, but did his
duty faithfully and well. The Shoemaker
family were well represented in the . late war.
The father, Jesse, and four of his sons wore
the blue — Washington P., Benjamin F., Will-
iam H. and John D.; two of the number lost
their lives in the service. Benjamin F., upon
his return from the war, came home on the farm,
where he has since lived; he has 100 acres, and
is engaged in farming and stock-raising. Oc-
tober 31, 1869, he married Beulah, born De-
cember 25, 184-1, in this township, second
daughter of Tamar Finney, one of the old set-
tlers in this township. He has one child — Ora
Pearl, born July 28, 1881; Anna, died Novem-
ber 18, 1881, aged six years and four months.
J. S. SLUSSER, farmer, P. O. Oak Point.
This gentleman was born September 16, 1812,
in Adams County, Peun., and emigrated to
Stark County, Ohio, with his pai-ents, w-hen two
years of age. His father's name was Henry
Slusser, a Penusylvanian, son of Philip Slusser,
a native of German}-. Our subject's mother
was a Slusser also ; her name was Mar}-,
daughter of John Slusser. Henry Slusser set-
tled near Canton, in Stark County, where he en-
tered his land; remained here until his death,
which occurred about the year 1822. His wife
survived and was afterward mai'ried to anotlior
man, David First, and afterward moved to In-
diana and died there in 1856, in Huntington
County. He raised four children — John S.,
Elizabeth, Christiana and Frederick ; all li\-ed
to be grown, and raised families. John S. lived
with his mother and with his uncles until he
was fifteen years old, when he went with his
JOHNSON TOWNSHIP.
141
step-father and with him learned the brick-
maker's trade, remaining with him three years,
after which he went for himself and hired men
and contracted. He has been thrice married,
first in 1S34, to Xanc}- Montgomery, daughter
of John and Sarah Montgomery ,a native of Penn-
sylvania. In the fall of 1842, he and wife with
four children came with a wagon to this coun-
ty. He had but S200, and bought 1(50 acres at
$2, paying one-half down, in Section 28, northwest
quarter. Here he built him a cabin and en-
gaged in improving the land, and for several
3'eai"S had a hard time and endured the hard-
ships incident to the settlement of a new coun-
try. He lived in the log house until 1856,
when he built the house he now lives in. The
first floor was hewed puncheons and the door
of clapboards. He has now 360 acres. His
first wife died February 7, 1847. By her he
had four children — Catherine, Francisco, James
A. and Thomas J. Catherine resides in this
township, the wife of William F. Shadley;
Francesca, wife of Dennis Foster, of this town-
ship ; James A. volunteered in 1861, in Com-
pany F, Fifty-ninth Regiment Volunteer Infan-
try, went into the army and never returned,
died of chronic diarrhoea ; Thomas J. resides
in this township. He served in the army, was
wounded and is now a pensioner. He married
the second time, June, 1847, Mary Schofield ;
she died January 28, 1868. She left seven
children — John, Morris, Oscar, Charlie, Jane,
Alice and Cecelia. All live in this county ex-
cept Cecelia, who resides in Jasper Countj'.
November 3, 1870, he married his third wife,
^Irs. Rachel Ream, born in Lancaster County ^
Penn., July 24, 1S32, daughter of Al)ram Wit-
wer and Elizabeth Sour. No children by the
last marriage. In 1833, he cast his first vote
for Jackson ; after then was a Whig, since Re-
publican. He is a member of the Methodist
Episcopal Church.
J. E. SLUSSER, farmer, P. 0. Oak Point.
This gentleman came of Old Pennsylvania
stock, but was born in Oliio, and first beheld
the light of day March 2, 1831, in Ogdensburg
Township, Stark County. His father, David
Slusser, was Iiorn May 30, 1S08, in Pennsyl
vania, a son of John Slusser, who served in the
Revolutionary war. The mother of our sub-
ject was Sarah Emich, who was born Septem-
ber 5, 1808, in the Keystone State. The chil-
dren born to David Slusser and wife were
Zachariah, Jeremiah, Uriah, Josiah, Mary A..
Benjamin P., David M., Ann M., Harriet 0.,
Sarah C, Lucy B. and Ezra, all of whom grew
to man and womanhood. Jeremiah E., the
subject of these lines, had but limited school
advantages. His earh- boyhood was spent
working on the farm with his father, and upon
attaining his majority he liegan for himself
and worked out by the month at such wages
as he could obtain. September 21, 1854, he
married Elizabeth Sell, a native of Stark Coun-
ty, where she was born, June 1, 1820, daughter
of John Sell and Kate Shired, early settlers in
Stark County, Mrs. Slusser being the eighth
child of the family. In the spring of 1857, he
resolved to better his condition, and according-
ly emigrated to this State and first piirchased
eighty acres of land two miles south of Mar-
shall in this county, but kept this a short time,
selling it at au advance, and came to this town-
ship and purchased eighty acres in Section 33,
upon which he settled and began improving the
same. In 1865, he sold to William F. Shadley,
and purchased 120 acres of unimproved land
in the southwest quarter of Sectien 29, costing
about $13 per acre. He has since resided here,
and by hard work and rigid econom}' he has
acquired for himself a good home. For sever-
al years he ran a threshing machine and at the
same time conducting his farm successfully.
Mr. Slusser had three brothers — Uriah, David
M. and Benjamin F. — who served in the late
war. Uriah served in the Seventy-first, and
was found dead at his post while on picket
duty. David M. and Benjamin F. served in
143
BIOGRAPHICAL:
the Fift3--ninth Regiment. David M. served
in all the battles with his regiment and died at
Springfield, before reaching home ; Benjamin
F. was the onlj' one that came home alive.
Living in this countj' are J. E., Ezra and Celes-
tia, the latter the wife of Weslej- Kitchen, of
Marshall. Josiah resides in Cumberland Coun-
ty with his father, who came here in 1859.
Mr. Slusser has three chiklren— Martha, Clara
L. and Simon. Martha resides in Elk Count}',
Kan., wife of Isaac Smith. Simon L. married,
December 17, 1882, Martha, daughter of Felix
Chesher, of this township. Our subject was
raised in the German Reformed Church. Re-
publican.
THOMAS J. SLUSSER, farmer, P. 0. Oak
Point, is the eldest son living of John S.
Slusser. He was born April 19, 1842, in Stark
County, Ohio, and removed to this township
with his parents when a babe. He has since
been a- resident of the township. He was
brought up on his father's farm, where he lived
until he was about twent3"-six years of age.
He had common school advantages and assisted
his father on the farm. In August, 1861, he
was among the number who went out in re-
sponse to the National call, and enlisted for
three years in Company F, Fifty-ninth Illinois
Volunteer Infantry, and served until Septemljer,
1863, when he was discharged on account of
wounds received at the battle of Stone River,
in December. 1862. He was in the battle of
Pea Ridge, Ark., and Perryville. His wound
was in the left, thigh, with piece of shell, and
he was also shot in the left shoulder, with
minie ball, and now draws a pension from the
Government. Upon his discharge, he returned
home to his father's, where he remained until
marriage, which was November 28, 1867, to
Rebecca, born in Orange Township, this county,
January 26, 1848, the fourth daughter of
Thomas L. Baker and Lucy Fancher. who were
early settlers in this county, from Ohio. The
same j'ear Mr. Slusser was married, he located
on the farm he now owns, having 120 acres.
He has three children — Evert, Frederick and
Gracie G. He and wife are members of the
Methodist Episcopal Church. He is Steward
of the Church. Politics, Republican.
S. S. SWIM, farmer, P. 0. Casey, was born
November 15, 1833, in Licking County, Ohio.
He is the third son of Isaac Swim and Mary
Ann Oiler. He was born in January, 1803, in
Pennsylvania, son of James Swim. The Swim
family are of Irish and German stock. Isaac
Swim came West to Ohio with his father when
a young man, and here married Miss Oiler, and
engaged in farming, where he remained several
years, and then removed to Wayne County,
Ind.. remaining here six j-ears, and in the fall
of 1844 he removed with his family to Clark
County, locating in this township, on Section
18. He died October, 1878. His wife yet sur-
vives him. There were eight children raised —
Alpheus, Vincent, S. S., Mary, Margaret, Eliza-
beth. Lucy J. and William H. Alpheus, Mary
and Margaret are deceased ; the others are liv-
ing in this township, except Elizabeth, who re-
sides in Cumberland County. Sylvanus was
aljout eleven years of age when he came here
with his parents, remaining with them until
twenty-two years of age. His father becoming
embarrassed. S. S. was thrown upon his own
resources. He hired out by the month. He
worked twenty-two months for John C. Dur-
ham, at §10 per month, and continued on until
he was enabled to make a start in farming,
when he rented land some seven years, and in
1864 he purchased sixty acres where he now
lives, costing $20 per acre, and has since added
to same until he now has 176 acres. In Janu-
ary, 1857, he was first married to Mary Mum-
ford, born in Ohio, daughter of Levi Mumford,
who came to this county — an early settler. His
wife died May 29, 1878, leaving no issue. His
last marriage was to Martba J. List, born in
Montgomery County, Ind., daughter of William
and Hannah (Aten) List. The family came to
JOHNSOX TOAVXSHIP.
145
this State iu 1856 He has two children, Syl-
vanius Sylvester and Myrtle 51. Liberal in
politics ; lately Greenbacker. His father and
mother were members of the Christian Church.
Mv. Swim had one brother, Alpheus, w ho was a
soldier in the Fifty-fourth Illinois Volunteer
Infantry, Company G, and was killed at Charles-
ton, this State, in a raid there. He had two
children — Taylor and Elizabeth.
G. W. WILEY, farmer, F. 0. This Casey,
gentleman ranks among the thrifty and enter-
prising farmers of Johnson Township ; he was
born 1838, November 29, in Decatur Count}-,
Ind. His parents were Thomas Wiley and Ester
Critzer ; Thomas Wile}- was born 1816. Decem-
ber 10, in Guilford County, X. C. His ances-
tors were of English descent. Thomas Wiley
came to Indiana when a young man, and
was married in Decatur County, to Esther,
daughter of Henrj- Critzer, who served iu the
war of 1812. Thomas, after marriage, settled in
Decatur and engaged in farming, and remained
here until the fall of 1850, when came to this
county and lived two years in this (Johnson)
Township, and then located on land in Case}-
Township, which he had entered, and lived here
until his death, December 13, 1864. His wife
died January 19, same year. They raised a
family of eight children, six of whom are living
— George W., Sarah J., Frances M., Nancy M.,
Mary A. and Josephine. George W. is the
eldest of the number, and the only one now
living in this county. He came to this county
with his parents in 1850, and began on his
own account at the age of fifteen, but made his
father's house his home until he was twenty-
two years of age, when he volunteered his serv-
ices in the defense of his country, enlisting
July, 1861, in Company B, Second Illinois Light
Artillery, known as Madison Battery, and
served until September 2, 1864 ; during this
time, he pai'ticipated in the battles of Pittsburg
Landing and Corinth, and came out unscathed ;
upon his return from the service he came to this
county and engaged in farming on rented land.
Was married, January 14, 1865. to Susan, born
in Clark County. Martinsville Township, April,
1843, daughter of Levi and Mary Mumford,
botl) natives of Ohio, and came to this
county quite early. He purchased the farm
he now owns in 1872, first bought 40 acres, and
has since added to the first purchase until he
has now 160 here, and 80 of timber — 240 in
all. He began when his resources were noth-
ing, and has made what he has by his own in-
dustry. Has nine children — John. Mary,
Thomas. Arthur, Hettie. Jane, George, Robert,
and Susan, Democratic ; was elected Super-
visor iu spring of 1882, member of A., F. &
A. M.. Casey Lodge, No. 442.
WILLIAM W. WILLISON, farmer, P. 0.
Bell Air. The Willison family have been iden-
tified with Clark County since 1S41. His
father, Elias Willison. was a Virginian, and was
born December 29, 1788, son of Elisha Willison,
of English stock. Elias removed to Ohio
when a young man, wheie he married Phebe
Vail, in Licking County ; she was born April 24^
1796. in Pennsylvania. Mr. Elias Willison was
a farmer by occupation, and after his marriage
located in Licking County, Ohio, where he lived
until 1837. when he moved with his family to
Indiana and settled ten miles from Terra
Haute, where he lived until 1841, when he
came to this county and located in the spring
of 1841 ; he (Elias) purchasea SO acres in
Orange Township, locating on the same March
17, and remained there until his death, which
occurred August 19, 1845; his wife survived
him until July 29. 1848. They raised to ma-
turity the following children, viz.: Sallie, Silas,
Clarissa, John, Aaron, William W., Harvey and
Leroy. Leroy and Harvey ser\-ed as soldiers in
the late war ; Aanm afterward died at Indian-
apolis from the effects of exposure and disease
contracted while in the army ; our subject,
William W.. was born November 16, 1S24, in
Licking County, Oliio, and camj to this State
I
146
BIOGRAPHICAL:
with his parents and remained with them until
his marriage, which occurred November I,
1853, to Sarah, who was born in Lebanon
County, Penn., April 7, 1833 ; her parents were
Valentine Dehl and Catherine Daup, who came
here in 1842. Mr. Willison has no children ;
after his marriage, he located on the farm he
now owns, and has since been identified with
the township. In 1850, prior to his marriage,
he went the overland route to California, where
he was for three years, and during this time
was engaged in mining. In 1868, he was
elected Justice of the Peace and served two
terms. He is a Democrat. Has 140 acres.
PAEKER TOWI^rSHIP.
WILLIAM BAEBEE, farmer, P. O. Mar-
tinsville, was born in this county, in West-
field Township, June 27, 1833, the eldest son
of John Barbeo and Sallie Lago. John
Barbee came from Shelby County, Ky., and
removed with his brotheis to Crawford
County, this State. He was the youngest of a
large family. He was married in Crawford
County and removed to this State in 1831,
locating in Westfield, on Section 27, and re-
mained here until his death. He raised a
family of ten children, five living, and all
residents of the county, William being the
only one in the township; he left home be-
fore coming of age. Worked at low wages by
the day and month, and has worked for 25
cents per day and for S6 per month. Was
maiTied, April 24, 1863, to Sallie Robin-
son in this township, daughter of L. D. Rob-
inson and Elizabeth Connelly. Mr. Barbee
has been a resident of the township since his
marriage. Has six children — Leven A., John
W., Priscilla, Aberilla, Andrew and Patsey.
He is a Democrat and a member of A., F. &
A. M., and R. A. Chapter, No. 125. Has
340 acres of land.
JOHN B. BRISCOE, farmer, P. O. West-
field, is among the old settlers, and one of
the representative men of the county. He
was born July 28, 1817, in Jefferson County,
Ky., and removed to this State and arrived
here in this county, landing in Westtield
Township November 11, 1835. His father
was Henry Briscoe, who was born in Febru-
rary, 1762, in Queen Anne County, Md. , and
was a soldier in the Revolution, and was
present at the sui-render of Lord Cornwallis.
His parents were Philip Briscoe, whose wife
was a Foster, and bore him nine children, seven
sons and two daughters, viz. , William, Robert,
George, Premmenus, Walter, Philip, Henry,
Katie and Sarah. William settled in Madi-
son County, Ky. , Robert in Bullitt County,
George in what is now Hopkins County, Prem-
meniis settled in Bourbon County, Walter
in Mason County, Ky . The father of the above
came to Kentucky at a very early day, but
never settled, being of a rambling tarn of
mind, and died in Maryland, near Port
Tobacco. His sons went out to Kentucky
subsequently, and settled there from 1770 to
1799. Philip never came West to locate.
Katie married James Summerhill, and located
in Jefferson County, Ky., and there died at
an old age. She raised one son, Robert, who
died on the same farm at an advanced age.
Mary settled in Maryland. She married a
man named Swan, and by him raised a large
family, all of whom settled there except Philip
Swan, who removed to Jefferson County, Ky. ,
and there died, and raised a family of several
children. Henrv Briscoe, the father of our
PAl!Ki:i; TOWNSIIII-
147
subject, was twice married; first, to a Miss
Lattimore, danghtor of Judge Lattimore, of a
prominent family in Maryland. After his
marriage, he removed to Jeifersou County,
Ky., in 1799, and engaged in fsu-ming. His
wife died on the route where Cincinnati now
stands. He came from Red Stone, now
IMttsbui'gh, on a boat to Louisville, and settled
on the headwaters of Bear Grass Creek. By
his first wife he had a large family, all of
whom settled in that county except Nancy,
who married Burk Jones and settled in Clark
County, Ind., and raised a family of chil-
dren of sons and daughters. Henry Bris(!oe,
in 1803, married Catharine Brookhart, who
was born near Boonesljoro, Va., daughter
of Jacob Brookhart and Catharine Keller,
both families of German extraction. Jacob
Brookhart was a Virginian, and removed to
Kentucky, landing in Jefferson County Jan-
uaiy 1, ISOO, and died there. He raised a
family of sons and daughters, all now de-
ceased. Henry Briscoe, the father of our
subject, emigrated from Jefferson County,
Ky., in fall of 1835, landing in what is now
Westfield Township, October IG, same year,
and located on 120 acres his wife entered,
which is situated on the east half of the north-
west quarter of Section 28. Here the parents
died and were buried on the farm^ Henry
Briscoe died in October, 1838; his wife died
September, 183G. They raised a family of
eleven children, viz. , Joseph, Sophia, Robert,
Jacob, Rhoda, Hester, John B., Walter,
Lydia, William T. and Allen B., all of whom
lived to be man-ied and raised families, and
settled in Westfield Township. Joseph set-
tled in Section 28 ; Sophia was twice .mar-
ried; first, to Joseph Brookhart, and second,
to William Barker, and is now the relict of the
last husband, and resides on Section 33;
Robert settled in Westfield Township; Jacob
settled in Jefferson County, Ky. , and raised
a family there; Rhoda mai-ried William M.
Swan and settled in Westfield Township,
and raised a family there, and finally removed
to Sanders County, Neb., and there died;
Hester married Hilton P. Redman, and settled
in Parker and raised a familj' and died there;
Walter settled near the homestead in Parker;
Lydia became the wife of Andrew Lee and
settled in Parker Township, now resident of
Casey; William T. settled in Parke first,
and now resides in Westfield ; he too, raised
a family ; Allen B. resides in Marshall, and
has served twenty- four years as County Clerk
consectttively. John B , the subject of these
lines, was raised to farming iiursuits, and
was married uu February 27, IS-io, in Floyd
County. Ind., to Eliza Ann, who was born in
Floyd County. Ind., January 24, 1826, the
eldest daughter of Daniel Keller and Zer-
niah Starr. Both were Virginians, and re-
moved to Kentucky with their parents when
young, and removed to Indiana and there
settled in New Albany about 1823. They
raised a family of six children, viz., William,
Eliza, Lewis, Rosana, Margaret, Barbara.
But two of the above are in this county —
Mrs. J. J}. Briscoe, and Rosana, wife of W.
T. Briscoe, of Westfield. Mi\ Briscoe was
twenty-eight years of age when he married,
and began for himself, having nothing left
him by his parents, and early in life learned
to depend upon his own resources He
worked out by the month, and bought the
place in 1847, and located here on Sec-
tion 5, northwest quarter, and since has
resided here. He began stock Iradiug in
1842, and for ten years he was actively en-
gaged in this business. He drove the first
drove of cattle that went out of the county;
drove same to IMilwaukee, Wis. His opera-
tions were confined from here to Chicago and
the lakes. Four years of his early life were
spent on the river as a roustabout, running
148
BIOGRAPHICAL :
fi-om Darwin to New Orleans. He began in
1887, first trip. Up to 1852, he continued
droving from 1842, and since 1852, he has
given his attention to fanning, and traded
considerably. He has 300 acres. He was
one of the leading men in getting the D. &
O. R. R., and was prominently identified
with the interests of the township and county.
He has been affiliated with the Democrat
party and has been an active worker. Served
two years as Sheriff ; elected in November,
1858. He was one of the three Commis-
sioners that laid off the county into town-
ships. He has'had eight children, four now
living, two sons and two daughters — Keller,
Walter, Zerniah and Annie.
WILLIAM M. CONNELY, farmer and
stock-raiser, P. O. Westfield, is one of the
oldest residents of the township, having been
identified with its interest since the fall of
1832. He was born February 7, 1822, in
Lawrence County, Ind., and is the third son
of Josiah Connely, a native of Ashe County,
N. C, whose father, John Connely, came
from Ireland to North Carolina, and raised a
family of several children, six sons and three
daughters. The sons were William, John,
Elijah, Josiah, Edmond and Joel, all of
whom, with the daughter, were raised in North
Carolina; Josiah removed to Indiana at an
early day, locating in Lawrence, and entered
land here; he was three times married, first
to Sallie Miller, who bore him thi-ee children
— Josiah, Demiah and Sallie, all now de-
ceased. His second wife was Sallie E. Ter-
rill; by her he had the following: Nancy,
Joel A., Elizabeth, William M., Josiah, Tim-
othy H, Temper.ance and Judah. Of this
number is our subject, William M., who was
a mere lad when he came to the county with
his parents. His father was one of the pio-
neers of the tuwnsbip, and in early life our
subject was inured to farm labor, and before
coming to his majority he formed a matri-
monial alliance with Sallie Robinson, who
was born in Edgar County in 1825, and was
a daughter of Richard and Sallie Robinson;
she died in 1852, having borne him five chil-
dren— Elizabeth, Edmond R., Sallie, Emily
and Nancy; Elizabeth married William Rush:
Sallie, I. N. Bean; Emily, John F. Barbee;
Nancy, Benjamin F. Perry, all of whom re-
side in this township. Shortly after his
man'iage. he moved or>. the place he now owns.
Section 3, locating on laud his father had
entered. He was married, in 1855, to Lydia
Hammond, who was born August 22, ISS-l, a
daughter of Alanson Hammond. By last
man'iage five children were born — -^manda,
Lydia, Josiah, Alanson and Francis. ]Mi\
Connely has given his attention to farming
pursuits, having been successful in his busi-
ness. He has made several trips to Cali-
fornia, first in 184:9, going with an ox team
which required six months to make the trip,
returning in 1851. In 1S59, he went out to
Pike's Peak, and was one of the delegates that
assisted in organizing the Territory. In
1864, he organized a company of men and
went to Idaho and California, and in 1867
made another trip to Pike's Peak, this time
took five men. Mr. Connely has farmed
quite largely, and has opened up seven fai-ms
on this prairie. He had 1200 acres of land be-
fore making any division. Has now over 600
acres. In politics, he is Democratic, and is
a member of the Masonic fraternity, being
affiliated with Westfield Lodge.
I. P. DAUGHHETEE, deceased, was one
of the oldest settlers in the township, coming
here about the year 1820. He was born in
Kentucky June 8, 1799, son of John Daugh-
hetee, a native of West Virginia, and after-
ward removed to Kentucky and there settled.
Our subject's mother's maiden name was Su-
san Parker. Isaac P. was a farmer bv occu-
PARKER TOWNSHIP.
149
pation, and came to this State about the time
of the admission of the State, and entered
laud in Edgar County, remaining here sev-
eral years, when he sold out and removed to
Section 3, where he entered about 300 acres
of land; received the patent during Jackson's
administration. He lived hero until his
death, which occurred August 27, 1854, in
his fifty -fifth year. He leaves a wife and
five children. He was married in September,
1842, to Sidney Ann Wayne, who was born in
Clark County, Ky., June U, 1809, daughter
of Benjamin Wayne and Nancy Tankesty, both
Virginians. Mr. Daughhetee had six children
by Sidney Ann — Rachel, Sidney Ann, Isaac
P., Katie, Nathaniel P., Lafayette, the latter
deceased, others living. Rachael, wife of
George Wilson, of Martinsville; Sidney A. in
this county, wife of Sylvester Stevenson; Isaac
P. in Dolson Township ; Catharine K., wife of
Charles Raney in Westfield Township; Na-
thaniel P., on the homestead; Lafayette died
in 1870, aged twenty-four years. Mr.
Daughhetee was a Democrat, and one of the
leading men of his party, though he never
aspired for office. For many years he was a
member of the Regular Baptist ChiU'ch, having
joined this denomination when nineteen years
of age, and up to the time of his death took a
very active part in promoting the interests
of his chui'ch. Succeeding him on the home-
stead is Nathaniel P., who was born on this
place on December 21, 1850, and has since
been a resident, and resides with his mother
on the homestead; he has 250 acres. He is
Democratic in politics, and in 1882 was
elected Supervisor of the township, and is
engaged in farming. He received good
school advantages, and for ten winters was
engaged in teaching in this county. Mem-
ber of A., F. & A. M., Westfield Lodge, 163.
FREDERICK HAMMOND, farmer and
stook-raiser, P. O. Martinsville One of the
leading and most successful farmers in this
township is Frederick Hammond, who was
born June 29, 1831, in Rutland County, Yt. ,
and is the secoml son of Alanson Hammond
and Sallie Tarbell. In 1836, in the fall of
that year, Frederick came to this count}' with
his parents, and settled on Section 12. Here
his parents died; his father in 1846, and his
mother in 1842. They raised a famil}" of five
children, viz.: Polly A., Clark, Frederick,
Lydia and Wesley. Polly is the wife of
Josiah A. Connelly, and Lydia of William
Connelly, brother of J. A. — all of this town-
ship. Frederick was aboiit fifteen years of
age, being left an orphan, and was left with-
out patrimony, §67.25 being the only money
or effects left him from the estate, and he
worked out by the month and the week, re-
ceiving as low as SI per week and $5.50 per
month. He continued on in this way working
by the month until 1850,when he went to Cali-
fornia and staid nearly two years, and retiu-ned
in the summer of 1852, purchased the north-
east quarter of Section 15 in this township,
costing S5 per acre, and engaged in farming.
He was married in March, 1855, to Margaret
Bean, born in North Carolina, and daughter
of Isaac Bean. His wife died in 1856; no issue
now living. September 20, 1858, he married
Patsey Connelly, born in this township, and
daughter of Josiah Connelly and Sallie Dix-
on. Last marriage, seven children — Sallie,
Ida, Emily, Francisco, Alanson P., Serena
A. and Patsey E. Emily is the wife of Perry
Black, of Casey Township. In 1S69, he lo-
cated on this farm, Section 14, and since re-
mained. He has been successful, and has now
about 1,600 acres of land. Mr. Hammond
cast his first vote for James Buchanan, and
has since followed iip in this line. He is a
member of A., F. & A. M.
WILLIAM JEFFERS, farmer, P. O, Mar-
tinsville. This gentleman is a Kentuckian by
150
BIOGRAPHICAL:
birth, and is one of the pioneers of the town-
ship. He was born June 12, 1817, near Crab
Orchard, Mercer Co., Ky. His father's name
was William Jeffers, a Virginian by birth,
and removed, when a young man, to Mercer
County, Ky., where he married Annie Jett,
and by her twelve children were born, whose
names, according to their age, were Presley,
Enoch, Sallie, Matilda, Hannah, Lucy, Ma-
ria, Susan, William, James, Elijah and Fe-
licia. Mr. Jeffers, when a child, removed
with his parents, and with them settled
in Washington County, same State. In
1823, his father died, and in December,
1829, he came to this State and landed in Ed-
gar County, where he lived until the winter
of 1842, when he came to this township and
located temporarily on Section 23, where he
remained until he built a cabin on the north-
east quarter of Section 22. His cabin was
raised March 0, 1844, where he has since re-
sided. He entered the land in his mother's
name, as he had no means of his own at the
time. There were no improvements on the
place whatever. Mr. Jeifers has now 200
acres of land. August 9, 1840, he married
Miss Francis Hurst, born in Virginia about
1824. She was a daughter of Nathaniel
Hurst. Mr. Jeffers has nine children, viz. :
John, Elijah, Mary M., Nathaniel, William,
Lucretia, Madison, Colman and Catherine.
Mr. Jeffers was raised under the Baptist in-
fluence, but later in life he has been an advo-
cate of the United Brethren, as a church. In
politics, he has been a Democrat, and has al-
ways been a quiet and worthy citizen, and is
now enjoying the fruits of his labors, though
infirm in body and in poor health.
JA.MES KIMLTN, farmer, P. O. Martins-
ville, is one of the old pioneers and self-made
men of the tovpnship. He came to this coun-
ty with his parents, and located in Casey
Township in the fall of 1838, and has since
been a resident of the county ; he was born
in Belmont County, Ohio, the second son
now living that was born to his parents,
John Kimlin and Florence Sloan, and re-
moved with them to Fayette County, Penn.,
when four years of age, remaining here un-
til the fall of 1833, when the family re-
moved to INIuskingum County, Ohio, where
they abode until October, 1838, when he re-
moved with them to this county, and located
with them in the northeast part of Casey
Township. In June 6, 1846, he was united
by marriage to Julia Ann, who was born
September 16, 1821, in Bourbon County,
Ky., being the eldest daughter of CharlesMc-
Nary, a native of that State. Her paternal
grandfather was Chai'les McNary, a native of
Ireland; his wife was MaryHahn, of German
descent. Her mother was Eachael Wills,
whose parents were James Wills and Cathe-
rine Owens. After Mi\ Kimlin's marriage,
he located in Casey Township near his father's
place. He had nothing to commence with
but a team and a few articles of a primitive
character. His hands, and with the aid of
his faithful v^ife, v^^as his endowment, and they
began in right good earnest. They had hut
little or no fm-nitiu'e; such as he had he man-
ufactured himself; for a time used pumpkins
for seats to sit on until be made some rude
seats out of slabs, with pegs for legs. Their
"company" table they bought for three
bushels of wheat — a cheap pine affair — which
they yet have in their possession as a souve-
nir of the " by -gone days." Their living
was jjlain, yet working hard they relished it
and labored on. In 1856, he removed to his
present place of living, situated on the north-
west quarter of Section 34, where they have
since lived. They have now over 600 acres
in this and Westtield Townships; of twelve
children boi-nthem, but two are living — John
and Perry. The latter resides with his par-
PARKER TOWNSHIP.
151
ents on the homestead; September 22, 1880,
he married Rebecca, a native of Barren Coun-
ty, Ky., daughter of George \V. Piersall.
Peny has one child — Mary A. Mr. Kimlin
is a member of the Cumberhmd Presbyterian
Chiu'ch; he cast his first vote for Van Buren,
and is since Democratic.
JOHN LINN, Westfield. The subject of
these lines was born October 10, 1844, in
Congress Township, Moitow Co., Ohio, sec-
ond son of Levi Linn and Melinda Trues.
He was born in Maryland in October, 1809,
son of Caleb Linn, of L-ish descent; Melinda
■was born in Pennsylvania, Hancock County,
1814, daughter of John Trnex. John came
to this county with his parents in the fall of
1864, and located with them in this township.
His father located on the southeast quai-
ter of Section 14, in this township, and
yet resides here. John remained at home
until twenty- two years of age, when he was
married in December 31, 1866, to Nancy J.,
born in Hendricks County, Ind., August,
1849, daughter of Milton Shawver, one of the
prominent farmers of this township. IVlr.
Linn began teaching at twenty, and has
taught about eight years, and is one of the
successful teachers of the county. He lo-
cated on the place in 1872, where he now
resides — Section 20, south half of southeast
quarter, and has eighty acres of land. Has
six children — Cora B., Walter B., Melinda
M. , Mary J. , Ada O. , John M. ; member of
A., F. & A. M., No. 163. Democratic.
DANIEL PERISHO, farmer, P." O. Mar-
tinsville, is one of the pioneers of this town-
ship. He was born October 14, 1816, in
Monroe County, Ind. He is a son of Joseph
Perisho, a native of North Carolina, and
married Barbara Zinck, and settled in Mon-
roe County, 111. Daniel was eight years of
age when he came with his parents, to this
•State, arriving in the fall of 1824 at Grand-
view, Edgar County. Staid there one winter
and then moved three miles east, where his
father entered eighty acres of land, and lived
on the same until his death in April, 1838,
aged fifty- two years. His wife lived to the
age of eighty years. Daniel staid at home
until after the death of his father. He was
married, Januaiy 9, 1838, to Sarah Morris.
She was born in Owen County, Ind., June
11, 1819, and was the youngest daughter of
Richard Morris and Catherine Teal, daughter
of Henry Teal. After Mr. Perisho's marriage,
they settled on a portion of the homestead,
but remained on it but a short time, and
in 1842 he came to this township and
entered the land he now owns, 160 acres,
and the coming year, in February, 1841,
located on the same and has since re-
mained. He has now the same amount of
land. He had seven children born him, viz. :
George W., William A., Elvina, Emline,
Richard H., John M. and La Fayette. Will-
iam died May 26, 1863, at Murfeesboro,
Tenn. He was a member of the One Hun-
di-ed and Twenty-third Illinois Volunteer
Infantry. All the children married except
Lafayette. Mr. Perisho served in the late
war. He volunteered in 1861, and was mus-
tered in. June 28, at Springfield, and served
three years, and came home unscathed. He
served in the Pioneer Corps over one year.
He contracted disease while in the service,
and is now suffering from its effects. He had
three sons also in the army, viz. : George W.,
William A. and Richard H. George served
ia Company H, Twenty -first Regiment, under
Capt. E. Harlan. William was under Capt.
Lovelace, One Hundred and Twenty-third
Regiment. Richard H. was in the Seven-
teenth Indiana Light Infantry. Mr. Perisho
is a stanch Republican, and is a Methodist
in religious matters. John M., Richard H
and Lafayette are teachers.
152
BIOGRAPHICAL:
JOHN ROBINSON, farmer, P. O. Mar-
tinsville, is a representative of one of the old-
est families in the township. His father,
Levin Dixon Eobinson. was born in Dixon
County, Tenn., January 28, 1819, and was the
second son of Kichard, and a grandson of
Michael Robinson. The Eobinson family
came originally from Tennessee. Here Rich-
ard was born, and left his native State in
1821, and settled in Edgar County, this State,
and was one of the pioneers of that locality.
In 1836, he removed with his family to this
county, and entered 720 acres of land in
Parker Township, and remained here until
his death, which was in 1843. His wife's
maiden name was Sallie Dixon, a daughter of
Levin Dixon, who sui-vived her husband sev-
eral years. The children born to them were
Abigail, Levin D., James C, Isaac, Nancy
R. C, Sereney and Emily. But two sons ai-e
now living — Levin D. and Hon. James C. ,
of Springfield. Levin D. resides in this
township, and is one of the largest land-hold-
ers in the township, and ranks among the
wealthiest men in the county, as well as one
of the most successful farmers. He was thrice
married. His first wife was Elizabeth Con-
nely, daughter of Josiah. She died leaving
six children. His second man-iage was to
Melinda Johnson, a daiighter of Thomas
Johnson. She died leaving one child — Me-
linda J. His last wife was Abarillia Jones,
who was born May 9, 1821, in Dixon Coiinty,
Tenn. She was a daiighter of John Jones
and Jane James, both Tennesseans Four
childi-en by the last marriage, viz.: John,
Emily, Priscilla and Levin D. John, whose
name heads this page, is the eldest of this set
of children. He was born July 13, 1849, in
this township, and was married December 26.
1872, to Caroline Fish, who was boi-n June
6, 1S52, in Mon-ow County, Ohio, and is a
daughter of Robert Fish and Mary Lumm.
Robert Fish was born March 29, 1804, in
Loudoun County, Va. Mary, his wife, was
born in 1812. They came from Virginia to
Morrow County, Ohio, and in 1865 moved to
this township. Mrs. Fish died in February.
1880, having raised six children — Joshua.
Nancy, Mary, Martha, Caroline and Ella.
Ml-. Robinson, since his marriage, has been a
resident of the township of which he has
served as Supervisor and Collector, and in
Democracy is one of the leading lights. He
is a member of the Masonic order, Martins-
ville, No. 603. He has two children — Jeffer-
son, born May 11, 1879; Mary, September 7, '
1882.
MILTON SHAWVER, farmer, P. O. Mar-
tinsville. Among the stanch and able farm-
ers of this township is the above gentleman,
who was born in Fayette County Decern) ler
14, 1826. He is the eldest son of William
Shawver, son of George Shawver, both Yiv-
ginians. Mother's name was Charlotte, daugh-
ter of George Shawver. Mr. Shawver removed
West with his uncle, Alexander Shawver, to
Hendricks County, Ind., about the year 1842,
remaining there until the fall of 1854, when
he came to this State, and has since been a
resident of the county. He began for him-
self at the age of eighteen, having nothing
except his hands and a good resolution. He
hired out by the month at $8, working for
one man four years. October 18, 1847. he
married Mary E. McDaniel, born in North
Carolina, and a daughter of John and Betsy
McDaniel, who removed with her parents to
Morgan County, Ind., when she was young.
When he came here he purchased forty acres
of land on the northeast quarter of Section
16, and twenty acres in timber, costing $5
per acre. He remained here about one year,
when he sold out and purchased 140 acres in
Parker Township, remaining here about ten
years, when he sold out and located where
PARKER TOWNSHIP
153
he now resides. He first purchased 290 acres,
at the close of the war, costing S25 per acre.
He has since added to the same until he now
has 453 acres, 170 in Casey Township, and
the remainder in this township. He is one
of the most successful farmers in the town-
ship. He has had ten children born to him,
four sons and sis daughters, seven of whom
are now living, viz.: Nancy J., Samantha,
John W., George W., Charles Y., Eli A. and
Mary A. Nancy J. is the wife of John Linn, of
this township. Samantha is the wife of Ben-
jamin F. Kimlin. John, George and Charles
are members of the Christian Church. Mr.
Shawver is a Republican.
WILLIAM T. SINCLAIR, farmer, P. O.
Martinsville, was born February 27, 1843, in
Shelby County, Ind. , and is the eldest son '
livinir born to Amos Sinclair and Miriam
Boone, both natives of Bath County, Ky. He
was born July 6, 1807, of Scotch-Irish de-
scent. Miss Boone was born September 28,
1S16, and was married February 6, 1834, in
Indiana, where they settled and lived until
1855, when they removed to this covmty, and
lived five years, and, returning to Indiana,
staid three years, and then came back to this
county, and lived here until their death.
Amos Sinclair died March 12, 1881, and his
wife died January 29, of the same year.
They raised six children, viz. : Susan F. , Cas-
sandria, William T. . Lafayette, Benjamin
H. and Nancy E., all living in this county ex-
cept Cassandria, ]\Irs. Alexander and Lafay-
ette, who reside in Jasper County. A\'illiam
T. began on his own account at the age of
twenty-two, when he commenced for himself;
began by the month, and was man'ied March
26, 18fi5, to Mary Ferguson, born in Decatur
County, Ind., January 27, 1850, and a daugh-
ter of Sanford Ferguson and Jane Ii-eland.
He was born in Indiana, and was a son of
Benjamin Ferguson. Jane was born in Ken-
tucky, and was a daughter of Richard Ire-
land. Mrs. Sinclair came to Jasper County,
this State, with her parents, in 1858. Her
father died October 14, 1865, aged thirty-sis
years. Her mother is still living. They
raised seven children — Mary, Sarah, Rich-
ard, Benjamin, John, Indiana and Johanna,
all in Jasper County. After Mr. Sinclair's
marriage, be located in Casey Township,
where he lived three years, then located where
he now lives, and has since been a resident.
He has 120 acres of land, all of which he has
made himself, having nothing to begin with
at the start. He has five children, viz. : Ben-
jamin, Melvin M., Frederick H., Nellie V.
and Daisey E. 'Mi: Sinclair is a Liberal in
politics.
JAMES S. TURNER, fai-mer, P. O. Mar-
tinsville, was born November 11, 1838, in
Hocking County, Ohio. He is the second son
now living that was born to William A. Tur-
ner and Ann Sloan. William Turner was an
Ohioan by birth. His father was an early set-
tler in that State. William Tm-nor, subject's
father, removed with his family to this coun-
ty in 1839, locating land in this township in
the fall of that year, and remained here until
his death, which occurred May 18, 1882. His
wife yet suiwives him. They raised a family
of six children, viz.: William B.. James S.,
Ellen, Jane. George F. and Sarah Ann, Sa-
rah and Jane both died in the summer of
1881. Ellen is the wife of William Willis,
of this township. Jane was the wife of John
A. Ryan. The others reside in this town
ship except George F., who is in Colorado.
James S. remained about the homestead until
the spring of 1862, when he went to the "NA'est
and spent nearly six years, returning in Oc-
tober, 1867. While there, he was engaged in
furnishing wood for the quartz mills, and was
successful there, and upon his return he pur-
chased land where he now resides. He has
154
BIOGRiiPHICAL;
BOW 433 acres, and is one of the successful
farmers of the township. February 19, 18(38,
he was married to Miss Marv Dunn, born
October 20, 1846, in Hancock County, Ind.
She was the third daughter of John Dunn
and Mary J. Percell, and came here with her
parents, when fourteen years of age. Has
Hvo children — James E., Alice A. , Nevada E. ,''
Amanda R. and William C. Two deceased
— John E. and Percy ; JohnE. died Septem-
ber 30, 1882, aged four years. Percy died
"when a young babe. In politics, Mr, Tiu-ner
is a Democrat.
TIMOTHY K. YOUNG, Casey. Among
the old settlers of Clark County is Timothy
Eoberts Young, who was born in the town of
Dover, Sti-afford Co., N. H., November 19,
1813, and wasthe youngest son of a family of
six children, of whom Timothy is one of
three now living. His parents were Jeremiah
Young, a son of Ezra, and Anna Kimball.
Jeremiah Young was a native of New Hamp-
shire. His ancestry is traced to "Wales. Jer-
emiah was a man of general business; ran a
manufacturing business; also farmed and car-
ried on a store, and at one time did quite an
extensive shipping business. Our subject had
a liberal education, and in 1835 graduated at
Bowdoin College. After graduating he com-
menced reading law at Dover, and read under
John P. Hale. He read with him two years
and a half. He came to Marshall, this coun-.
ty, in the spring of 1838, and began the
practice of his profession in May, of the same
year, continuing here until 1849, when he was
elected to Congress and served until 1851, and
then entered the land where he now lives, and
has since given but little attention to legal
matters. He has 865 acres of land, and has
since carried on the same. He was married
in January, 1852, to Margaret Jones, born in
Vandalia, and a daughter of B. L. W. Jones
and Fannie Whitlock, of Mattoon. He re-
moved to Mattoon with his family in 1867,and
has since resided there, but spends much of
his time on his farm here. He has three
children, viz. : Kimball, Nellie and Fannie.
Kimball is a lawyer in Chicago. He was a
member of the Constitutional Convention of
1860. Mr. Young is not a member of any
chiirch or lodge, and has always been a Dem-
ocrat.
WESTFIELD TOWNSHIP.
HENRY BRISCOE, stock-dealer, Westfield,
is one of the leading stock-dealers in this town-
ship,and was born November 12, 1835. theeldest
son of Joseph Briscoe and Lucinda Frederick.
Henrj- was born on Section 27, and was raised
on the homestead and remained here until
1850, when he began for himself in stock deal-
ing, and for several years drove cattle to Chi-
cago, and in 1857 went to Minnesota. He
has since been engaged in stock dealing. From
1869 to 1871, he was quite extensiveh' engaged
in farming. He was married in October, 1862,
to Sophia M., born in this county, daughter of
Clark Nicholas and Phebe Morrison. Has four
children living, viz., Alice, Charles B., Joseph
D. and William T. Democratic in politics.
First wife died Ma}' 4, 1876. Present wife
was Mrs. Abigail Hays, born in this county,
daughter of Michael York. No children by
last wife. Is still carrjiug on farming in con-
nection with his stock dealing.
ISAAC BROWN, fanner, P. 0. Westfield,
has been a resident of this township for thirty-
three yeai's. He was born August 4, 1824, in
WESTFIELD TOWNSHIP.
155
Floyd Count}-, Tnd., and removed to Jasper
County with his parents when twelve years of
age. His fother's name was George Brown, a
Pennsylvanian by birth and a son of Michael
Brown. His mother's maiden name was Mar-
garet Hoch, born in Curaberhinrt County, Penn.,
daughter of Henry Hoch. Our subject's father
was a shoe-maker bj- trade, and was engaged
ill the ministry in a local way, and labored in
the United Brethren Church up to the time of
iiis death, which occurred in 1849 in Jasper
Count}-. His wife survived him several years,
dying in Westfield Township. They raised a
family of eight children. Isaac was the fourth
child born to his parents until his marriage,
which occurred in March, 1848, to Catharine
Evinger, born in Ohio, daughter of Thomas
Evinger. She died in 1840, leaving no issue.
The year following, Mr. Brown came to this
State locating on Section 19 in Westfield Town-
ship, purchasing eighty acres, paying $5
per acre. He has since been a resident
and engaged in farming and stock-raising.
He has now 310 acres. He was married to his
present wife April 10, 1851, Mary Ann, born
in Kentuck}-, eldest daughter of Garrett White,
one of the early settlers of this township. Mr.
Brown had by last wife seven children — Will-
iam H., James G., George I., John W., David
T., Willis E. and Mattie J. All married and
doing for themselves except the three youngest.
Mr. Brown is a member of the United Brethren
Church, having been connected with that body
for fort}- years, and held responsible positions
in the same. Republican in politics, but not
partisan.
C. B. DAWSON, farmer, P. O. Westfield,
is one of the pioneers of this township, having
been a resident of the township since October,
18:53. He was born October 8, 1808, in Staf-
ford County, Va., the youngest sou of Bailey
Dawson and Catherine Shelton, both natives of
'Virgifia. His paternal grandfather was John
Tawsc n, of Irish descent. His maternal grand-
sire was Wilson Shelton. When ten years of
age, he removed with his parehts to Jefferson
County, Ky., where he lived until the fall' of
1833, and then came to this township, and that
fall he entered eighty acres where he now re-
sides and has since been a resident of the town-
ship, having now 320 acres. He was married
in Kentucky, May 24, 1831, to Christina, born
April 25, 1811, in Spencer County, Kv. She
was the oldest child of Benjamin Drake and
Mary Riley. He was a native of New Jersey,
she of Virginia. Mr. Dawson has five children,
viz., Benjamin, James. John. Catherine, Phamy
J. Catherine, wife of W. R. Comstock, Phamy,
wife of William S. Stanley, of Coles County.
Mr. Dawson has been a member of the Regular
Baptist Church since 1831, and of this organi-
zation here since 1834, and is the present
pastor of the church, and been acting in an
official capacity in the same for many years.
Politically, he has been Democratic ; for five
years was Supervisor, and School Trustee for
twenty 3-ears of the township.
JOHN ENDSLY, merchant and stock-
dealer of Westfield, was born in Hutton
Township, Coles County, this State, October
20, 1842, the second son of Andrew Endsly
and Elizabeth Bell. He was born in Harri-
son County, Ohio, son of Andrew Endsly,
a Pennsylvanian, and removed to Ohio and set-
tled in Harrison at an early day. In 1838,
Andrew ilndsly, the father of our subject, came
to Coles County, and there settled and yet re-
sides, now in his sixty-fifth year of age. They
raised a family of four children. He was
raised on the farm, where he remained until
twenty-two years of age, when he began in
business for himself and engaged in farming,
where he remained until the winter of 1867,
when he removed to Westfield Township and
since remained and here engaged in farming
and stock-trading. He began merchandising
in the spring of 1880, and since been engaged
in mercantile business. He has in the two
156
BIOGRAPHICAL:
counties laud to the amouut of GOO acres. 100
acres of which is in Coles Couut}-. He was
marriecl January 10, 1867, to Meliuda E. York,
born in this county, a daughter of Michal York
and Rachel Boj-d, who were early settlers in
Crawford County. Mr. Endsly has two chil-
dren— Kobert and Daisy. Member of the A., F.
& A. M., and of the Royal Arch. Politically,
Democrat.
JACOB EVINGER, farmer, P. O. Westfield,
is one of the natives of the township. -He was
born on Section 19 August 3, 1833 ; he is the
fourth son of Jacob Evinger and Sarah Snider.
Jacob Evinger was born in Kentucky, son of
John George Evinger. a German b3' birth, and
settled in Kentuck\- where he died. He raised
a large family, among whom were Adam, John,
George, Henry, Thomas, Frederick, David, Ja-
cob, Mary, Catherine, Elizaljoth and Rebecca,
some of whom settled in Kentucky and there
died. Those who came to Illinois were. Hen-
ry, George, David, Fred, Thomas, and Ja-
cob ; the girls that came were Catherine and
Mary ; Thomas settled in Edgar County ;
Henry in Coles County, and the remaining ones
in Clark County. Jacob, the father of our sub-
ject, came here in the spring of 1833, and made
his settlement on Section 19, and remained
here until his death, which occurred about the
year 1840 ; his wife yet survives him, now sev-
enty-seven years of age. They raised six chil-
dren— William, Alfred, Sarah, David, Jacob
and Mary. William and Alfred in California ;
Sarah in Westfield, relict of John Atkins ;
David resides in Charleston, Coles County ;
3Iary deceased, was wife of Charles Wood.
Jacob is the only one residing in the county,
and was raised on the homestead where he
lived until twenty-three, when he left home ;
was then married, in January 22, 1856, to Sarah
Ann Cornwell, who .was born on June 3, 1835,
in Jefferson County, Ky., daughter of Hiram
Coruwell and Lucy Tolar, both natives of Ken-
tucky, and emigrated to Coles County about
the year 1840, where thej- now reside. After
Mr. Eviuger's marriage, he lived about six
years in Coles County, and located in West-
field at the beginning of the war, and has been
engaged in farming. He has 245 acres, and
has no children ; he and wife are members of
the United Brethren, father also was a member
of that society, and a Democrat. Jacob is a
Republican, though not a partisan.
DR. JOSEPH HALL, physician, Westfield.
One of the practitioners of materia medica in
Clark County now located in Westfield since
1875, is Joseph Hall, who was born in Belmont
County, Ohio, January 7, 1849, only son and
cliild now living of Joseph Hall and Martha
Farquhar. He was born in Ohio, son of John
Hall, a native of North Carolina, and emigrated
to Belmont County at an early day. The sub-
ject of these lines was reared to farming pur-
suits, and received a liberal education. His
parents were Quakers, and he was educated in
the common branches, completing his literary'
education at Westown College in Chester
County, Penn. After leaving college, he began
teaching, first in Columbiana County, Ohio>
where he taught two years, and moved to
Montgomery County, Ind., where he taught two
years, and while here began the study of medi-
icine, and attended his last course of lectures
in 1872, at Cincinnati, and immediately began
the practice of his profession in Owen Count}-,
Ind., continuing here until the fall of 1875,
when he removed to this town and has since
been engaged in his profession. He was mar-
ried on July 2. 1872, to Margaret L., daughter
of John and Jane (Bagus) Daugherty. of Cler-
mont County, Ohio. Doctor has three children
— Grace E., Roy W. and Chester G. Member
of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and is one
of the charter members of Westfield Lodge
of I. O. 0. F., Xo. 044. Politically, is a stanch
Republican.
WILLIAM G. JOHNSON, P. 0. Westfield,
was born March IS, 1849, in Ohio County, Ind.,
WESTFIELD TOWNSHIP.
157
and removed to Switzerland County when
young, with his parents, who were Joseph and
Tacy (Bear) Johnson. Joseph Johnson was I
born in the Old Dominion October 10, 1819; is
a son of Abram Johnson, also a Virginian.
Joseph removed to Indiana with his parents, and
there married Tacy Bear, of German descent.
William was raised on a farm, and removed to
this county with his parents in 1869, locating
in this township, where his father died Septem-
ber 30, 1866; his wife in 1862. They raised a
family of seven children; William was the sixth
in order of birth, and the fifth that grew up, and
began business for himself; he learned the shoe-
maker's trade, and in IST-t began in business
on his own account, and has since conducted
the same and does strictly a manufacturing
business, and runs three workmen the greater
portion of the time. Politically, he is a Re-
pul)lican. and was elected Justice of the Peace
in the spring of 1881. He is a member of the
I. 0. 0. F., Westfleld, No. 644, and of the Meth-
odist Episcopal Church. He was mai-ried,
June 2. 1876. to Jennie, born in this township,
daughter of Edward Metcalf and Sarah Mitchell,
both Ohioans. He has one child — Gertie.
C. F. KN APP, merchant, Westfield. Among
the representative business men of this pi
is Chauncey F. Knapp, who came to the county
in the fall of 1866, and has since been engaged
in the commercial and mercantile interests of
the country. He was born in Clinton County,
N. Y., December 31, 1833, the second son and
fourth child of his parents, who were Abel
Knapp and Maria Southwick. He was a native
of Vermont, born 1803, and removed to Clinton
County, N. Y., when a young man, and there
married Maria M. M., a daughter of Daniel
Southwick. The subject of this sketch was
raised in the store of his father until 1856,
when he left home, and after one year's resi-
dence in Iowa he went to Indiana, where he en-
gaged as a salesman for Samui-l T. Ensley for
eighteen months, after which time he engaged
in business on his own account, at Manhattan,
Indiana, where he continued until 1863, then
removed to Mattoon, this State, and there en-
gaged in the mercantile trade, and contiuued
until the fall of 1866, when he located in this vil-
lage, and engaged in merchandising, and has
since been engaged. He keeps a general stock.
He was married at Greencastle, Ind., November. ~
1863, to Fannie, born in Indiana, daughter of
J. W. Matlock. He has but one child — Walter
M. Politically, he is Republican. He is a
member of the A., F. & A. M. In 1867, Mr.
Knapp, in company with P. P. Douglass, en-
gaged in running a general store at Martins-
ville, under the firm name of C. F. Knapp &
Co., which association lasted until 1879. Same
party was in business with him at this place at
same time. He has now interests in and about
Martinsville; has 264 acres of land and business
houses in Martinsville.
ANDREW LEE, farmer, P. 0. Westfield.
The subject of these lines was born July 5,
1829, in Oxford, Ohio, the second son and
sixth child that was born to David Lee and
Harriet Murdock. The latter is a native of
Vermont and daughter of Asel Murdock. An-
drew removed with his parents to Wayne
County, Ind., in 1832. Here his parents died,
he in February, 1869 ; his wife survived
him four years afterward. They raised a fam-
ily often children, nine of whom are now liv-
ing, Andrew being the only one living in this
county. He remained at home until twenty-
three years of age, when he went to California
in the spring of 1854, and remained there five
years and was engaged in ranching. Return-
ing to Wayne County, Ind., he came to this
State the same fall and located in Hutton
Township, Coles County; purchased laud here,
and after three years' residence, he came to
Westfleld Township, this county, and purchased
eighty acres on Section 32, and has since re-
sided there. He has since purchased more
land, having 220 acres in all. He has been
l.->8
BIOaRAPHICAL
twice married ; first, oa Jauuary 23, 1861,
to Fidelia Biggs, a native of the townsliip,
daughter of Charles Biggs and Jane Boyd.
His wife died in August, 1872, leaving six chil-
dren— Jennie, Charles, David, Elder, Hattie
and Belle. His last marriage was to Isabel
Bearers, January, 187ti. She was born in
Coles County, a daughter of Matthias Bearers
and Elizabeth Endsley. By his last marriage
he had three children, but one now living — Os-
car. Politically, he is Bepublican, but is not
partisan in politics.
JOHN R. SHUEY, Westfield, was born in
this county in Dolson Township, April 6, 1849,
the youngest child of John P. Shuey, who was
born in Augusta County, Va., about the year
1816. He was a son of John Shuey, of Ger-
many. Our subject's mother's maiden name
was Elizabeth Grass, also a native of Augusta
County, Va. The father of John R. was a
minister, and for several 3'ears labored as a
United Brethren pastor. He came to this State
about 1847, locating on Dolson Prairie, and
purchased land and engageil in farming. He
remained here until about 1855, when he came
to Westfield and located near or at the village,
and for some time was engaged in mercantile
business, and remained here until March 17,
1880. His wife survives him. To them were
born four children — Josiah G., William R., Al-
ma and John R.; Alma deceased. The oth-
ers all reside in the village of Westfield.
John R. remained at home until nineteen years
of age, when he left home and was married,
September 26, 1868, to Mary D. Ormsby, born
in Cumberland County, this State, daughter of
Selah and Henrietta (Righter) Ormsby. Since
his marriage, he has been a resident of this vil-
lage. After his marriage, was engaged in the
mercantile business, first with his brother, W.
R., under the firm name of W. R. Shuey &
Brother. The association lasted about eight-
een months, when he sold out and engaged in
farming about tliree years. He then associated
with his father, under the firm name of J. R.
Shuej' & Co. This copartnership lasted until
March, 1878, since which time has been en-
gaged in insurance and fulfilling the duties of
the other offices confided to his trust. He is a
member of the Republican partj- and was elect-
ed Justice of the Peace in the spring of 1881,
and in the spring of 1882 that of Supervisor.
He is a member of the U. B. Church.
WILLIAM A. SNIDER, merchant. West-
field. William Anthony Snider is one of the
oldest merchants in the town of Westfield, and
a native of the township, and also one of the
" boj's in blue." He was born on the northwest
quarter of Section 20, in this township, April
17, 1840. the second son of David Snider and
Sophia Evinger, both natives of Kentucky, and
removed to Indiana and to this count}', locat-
ing In this township in the fall of 1839, and re-
mained here until their death. He died Octo-
ber 31, 1854, aged fort^'-two. She died August
1876, aged sixty-two. They raised a family of
eight children, seven now living. The paternal
grandsire was Anthony Snider, a Pennsyl-
vanian, afterwai'd removing to Kentuckj' and
married a Brookhart. Sophia was a daughter
of George Evinger, also a native of Pennsyl-
vania. The subject of these lines is now the
only member of the family in the township.
He was raised on the homestead and brought
up to farming. In Ma}', 1861, he enlisted as a
musician in Company H, Twent3'-first Illinois
\''olunteer Infautr}', and served until his term
of enlistment expired, which was for three
years, receiving his discharge Jul}' 5, 1864.
He participated in several engagements during
the war, and upon his return home came to the
home farm, and remained here until December,
1865, when he came to the village of Westfield
and started in trade m a small wa\', and ran a
restaurant about one year, and shortly after-
ward engaged in the grocery trade, and has
since been connected with the commercial in-
terests in the place. He has served as Post-
WESTFIELD TOWNSHIP.
159^
master about fifteen years, and has been Town
Clerk several terms. He was married first in
1874, to Flora Loekard, daughter of James
and Susan Locliard. She died five months af-
terward. In 1877, he married to Mary Com-
stock, daughter of Dr. Norman Comstoek. He
has one child named Hallie.
GARRETT WHITE, retired farmer, P. 0.
Westfield. This gentleman is one of the old
settlers of this township. He was born Sep-
tember 3, 1801, in Albemarle County, Va. He
was the second son of his parents, who were
James White and Lucy Martin, both natives of
same county. Garrett was raised a farmer and
remained at home until he was twenty-eight
years of age, when he married, March 18, 1828,
to Dicy Gentry. She died February 22, 1829.
By her he had one child, which died an infant.
He was married the second time, November 14,
1831, to Martha Marr, daughter of John and
Mary Marr. After his marriage, he and the
Marr family removed to Bourbon County, Ky.,
where he remained until the following year,
when he removed to Madison County, and Octo-
ber 9, 1837, he left this county and came to
Coles Count}-, this State, and after one-year's
residence there he finally located permanently
in this township, on Section 20, purchasing 160
acres, with but little improvements on the same.
His wife died June 2, 1878, having boi-ne him
eleven children, ten of whom lived to be grown,
viz.: Mar3', Lucy A., James, Martha, John,
Millie, Susan, Louisa, Tazewell and Sarah ;
deceased at two years was Ellen. Nine of this
number are living — Marj- married Isaac Brown ;
Lucy Ann, relict of Henry Snyder ; Millie, wife
of James Fox ; James and Tazewell, all of this
township ; John resides in La Fayette County,
Mo.; Susan resides in Douglas County, wife of
George Timons ; Martha, in Coles County, wife
of Levi Snyder. Mr. White united with the
Methodist Episcopal Church in 1846, and as
this church was so far removed from him, for
convenience he united with the United Breth-
ren Church in 1848. Politically, he was first
a Whig ; since that time he has been a Repub-
lican. His son John was in the war three j'ears,
in the One Hundred and Twenty-third Regiment
Illinois Volunteer Infantry.
ORVILLE WILHOIT," farmer, P. 0. West-
field. Among the old pioneers of this township is
Mr. Wilhoit, who is one of the prominent farmers
and stock-raisers uf the county. He was bora
February 9, 1816, in Oldham County, Ky.,
and removed when very young to Jefferson
Count}', Ky. His father's name was Julius
Wilhoit, who was a Virginian, son of John
Wilhoit. His mother's maiden name was Luc}-
Lewell, born in Virginia, daughter of James
Lewell. Subject's father removed from Virginia
to Oldham County, Ky., in the beginning of the
year 1800. Subject removed with his parents to
Edgar County in 1830. Here his father died
in August, three years after. His wife survived
him until 1879. The}' raised a family of seven
children, Orville being the eldest — Lorel, John
R., Nancy, Elizabeth, Roley E. and Julius. John
R. resides near homestead in Edgar County ;
Nancy married Jacob Stoneburner; Elizabeth is
the wife of Prosper Leseure ; Roley is in Cali-
fornia ; Julius died in Andersonville Prison,
being a soldier of the late war. Orville re-
mained at home until January 6, 1836, when he
married Elizabeth Evinger, born in Jefferson
County, Ky., in the year 1819, daughter of D.
Evinger, Sr. After he- married, he came to this
township and located on 80 acres in the north-
western part of the township. He began com-
paratively poor, but has been a hard-working
man and has been successful, and has now over
700 acres in all. He had about 1,000 before
dividing out among his children. He has now
six children, all of whom lived to lie grown —
James, David, John, Lucy Ann, Mary E., Rob-
ert C.; David died after being grown. James
served three years in One Hundred and Twenty-
third Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry,
and now resides in McPherson County, Kan.j
100
BIOGRAPHICAL:
Johu resides in Charleston, Coles Count}- ;
Luc}- is the wife of Davis Swiclc, and now re-
sides in Greenup, Cumberland County ; Mary
E. resides in Charleston, Coles County, wife of
Tilford T. Shoot ; Robert C. resides in Coles
County. Mr. Wilhoit has given his life t» farm-
ing and stock-raising. Member of the United
Brethren Church, and politically is a Republican.
D AEWIE" TOWl^SHIP.
JOHN ATJER. farmer. V. 0. Marshall, born
August, 20 1820, in Bishofgruen, Bavaria. Ger-
many; son of Bouavazeus Auer, born and died in
Germany. He married Katrine Bergebocli,
born and died in Germany ; she was the mother
of five children. Our subject was a mechanic
in the old country. He came to the United
States in 1854, lauding in Baltimore on August
20. He vcorked eighteen years in the railroad
shops at Terre Haute, Ind. Mr. Auer came to
this county March 17, 187-t, and bought a
farm of eighty acres with good buildings. He
was married Januarj' 3, 1859, in Terre Haute,
Ind., to Christine Koenig. born August 10.
1834, in Quatzen, Prussia, Germany. She is
the daughter of Christian and Loise (Auman)
Koenig, and the mother of five children — Emma
C. B., born October 13. 1850 ; Maria C. born
September 26, 1861 ; Loise, deceased ; Wil-
helmina, bom February 26, 1871 : and Harry,
born January 17, 1877. Mr. Auer was a soldier
in the German Arm}', serving in the " First
Regiment," also called " Crown Prince Regi-
ment." He served eleven and one half yeajs ;
this was dui'iug the Revolution. Mr. Auer is
connected with the Republican party.
WILLIAM A. BAKER, farmer, P. 0. Hat-
ton. The gentleman whose name heads this
sketch represents an old English family ; he
was born October 20, 1848. in this count v.
His great-grandfather was a soldier in the Eng-
lish Army, and named his son Major, who
married Ann Knight ; she was the mother of
eleven children, of whom Major, Jr., and Will-
iam came to the United States in 1833. The
former crossed the ocean five times ; he was
married in Cincinnati, Ohio, to Elizabeth
Green, born January 1. 1820, in Harrison
County, W. Va., the old home of Stonewall
Jackson, with whom she was well acquainted ;
she was the mother of three sons — James H.,
John W. and William A. The oldest, James H.,
was born in 1840 ; he was a soldier in Grant's
Regiment, the Twenty-first Illinois "^'olunteers,
Company H. He was wounded twice at the
battle of Stone River ; after the war, he gradu-
ated at the Ohio Medical College, is practicing
now at AVest Union, Clark County. He was
married to Matilda Bartlett ; John W. was
born June 17, 1851; he is a medical student at
the Ohio Medical College. Our subject was
educated in Cincinnati, Ohio, and this county,
where he was married. December 24, 1878. to
Mary L. Prust, born July 16. 1861, in Indian-
apolis, Ind.; she is a daughter of Daniel and
Adelaide (Balthis) Prust, and is the mother of
Effie, born October 12, 1879. Her father,
Daniel Prust, born February 3, 1832, in Dev-
onshire, near Biddleford, Eng. His father,
Daniel Prust, Sr., was a sheep-raiser ; his wife's
name was Grace. Major Baker, Jr., was born
January 18, 1803 ; he died October 8, 1882.
His wife died October 9, 1878. Our subject
has a good farm of 110 acres. He has filled
township and school offices. lu politics, he is
identified with the Republican party. His
grandmothers brother, Thomas Knight, was in
the English Army under Gen. Brock at Detroit,
when Gen. Hull surrendered. Fifty-two years
afterward, James H. Baker, who is a brother of
DARWIN TOWNSHIP.
163
our subject, was mustered out of the service
from our late war in the same place.
B. J. BEARD, farmer, P. 0. Marshall ; born
May 16, 1816, in Muhlenburg County, Ky.,
grandson of Samuel Beard, born In Ireland ;
his son John was born in Virginia; he was mar-
ried to Mary M. Unsel, born in Maryland ; she
was the mother of twelve children, of whom
Benjamin J. was the youngest ; he went to
school in Kentucky. In 1833, he came to this
county ; he was married to Elizabeth Maxadent,
born in Indiana ; she was the mother of six
children — John, deceased ; Lucinda, born May
7, 1844, wife of Robert Brannin, and the
mother of five children — Laura E., Ricie P.,
Lola H., Lou C, Jafa T.; James, deceased ;
Wesley, he married Lucj' Keeran, she is the
mother of Eva E.; Charles E., born April 15,
1856 ; Jacob S., deceased. Mr. Beard has a
farm of eighty acres. He is identified with the
Democratic party.
JACOB BUEHLER, minister, Marshall.
Of the men whose influence for good has been
felt in this county, we must count him whose
name heads this sketch. He was born August
27, 1820, in Adelberg, Aa. Schorudorf, Kingdom
of Wurtemberg, Germany. He is a grandson
of Jacob Buehler, Sr., whose son, Henry, born
1781, died 1866, married Eva Catharina Muel-
ler, born 1793, died 1860. She was the mother
of twelve children, of whom Michael and Gott-
leib were educated in Germany, and afterward
became missionaries, one going to East India
and the other to Africa. Our subject was ed-
ucated in Germany. He came to New Orleans,
TJ. S., in 1847, where he was joined in matri-
mony, November 12, the next year, to Susanna
Maeglin, born in Germany. She died in New
Orleans. She was the mother of Susanna, who
is now the wife of Johan Garlin, and the mother
of Emilie. Mr. Buehler was married a second
time to Matilda Kuemmerle, born in Stuttgart,
Germany, died in Indiana. She was the mother
of six children, viz.: Gottleib, died of sunstroke.
aged twenty-four years ; Gustav A., born De-
cember 15, 1856 ; William, born April 22, 1861 ;
John, born October 30, 1862 ; Benjamin, bom
November 8, 1864 ; Emilie, born September 7,
1858. Mr. Buehler went to Germany in 1865,
returning the same year. While in New York,
he was married, January 5, 1866, to Christiane
L. Jaeckle, born March 10, 1838, in Kirchheim,
U. Tek., German}', daughter of John and Louise
(Maier) Jaeckle. Her mother is living with
her. Mr. Buehler was ordained as a minister
of the Evangelical Lutheran Church, serving
eight and one-half years in New Orleans, nine
years in Warrenton, Ind.; two 3'ears in Madi-
son, Ind.; two years in Loudon ville, Ohio.
He came to this countj' in 1869, where he has
been connected with the church ever since.
He has 360 acres of land under good culti-
vation. He is independent in politics, voting
for the best man.
EDWARD CLOPPER, farmer, P. 0. Mar-
shall, born November 3, 1833, in Stark County-,
Ohio, son of Henrj' Clapper, born 1787, in
Pennsylvania; who died 1873, in Ohio. He
was married to Sallie Moon, born in Pennsyl-
vania ; she died 1869, in Ohio. She was the
mother of twelve children. Edward Clopper
was joined in matrimony November 3, 1854, in
Stark County, Ohio, to Mary Ann Liley, born
May 9, 1835, in Stark County, Ohio. Siie is a
daughter of Conrad and Susannah (Neidich)
Liley, and the mother of four children, of whom
the first three are now dead — Salinda ; Madison
and Addison were twins ; Edward, born Janu-
ary 31, 1859 ; he was married September 15,
1880, in this county, to Emma Holler, born
February 28, 1800, in Clark County, III. She
is a daughter of John and Dorothea (Strohm)
Haller. Mr. Clopper came to this county in
1878. He has now a farm of 125 acres. In
February, 1864, he obeyed the call of his coun-
try to protect the stars and stripes, by enlist-
ing in the One Hundred and Ninety-first Ohio
Infantry Volunteers, Company H, serving till
164
BIOGRAPHICAL :
the close of the war. He is now identified
with the Kepublican party. He is School Di-
rector now.
D. DAVIDSON, farmer, P. 0. Marshall,
born February 10, 1812, in Ohio, grandson of
James Davidson, born in England. His son, !
Archibald, was born in New Jersey, where he
was married to Elizabeth Williams, born in
Pennsylvania. She died in Clark County, 111.
She was the mother of thirteen children. Our
subject was a soldier in the Black Hawk war,
enlisting in Gen. Alexander's regiment of vol-
unteer horsemen. After the war, he returned
to this county, where he was married, in 1838,
to Delight Kinney, born in New York. She
died 1875, in this county. She had five chil-
dren, of whom only John, who married Katie
Stevens, is now living. Mr. Davidson was
married a second time, August 16, 1875, to
Mrs. Nancy Schweitzer, born in Clark County,
111., daughter of Martin Grove, and the mother
of two children of her first husband— Robert
C. and Malvina. Robert married Mrs. Emma
Cummings, daughter of Edward Powell, and
the mother of Edmund Cummings and Burns
Schweitzer. Malvina married Joseph Magill ;
she is the mother of Ralph, Vera L. and RoUin
C. Mr. Davidson has a farm of 190 acres ;
has helped his children in starting in life ; is
independent in politics, but is identified with
the Republican party.
S. J. DICKERSON, farmer, P. O. Darwin,
born December 31, 1830. in Vigo County, Ind.;
grandson of Walter Dickerson from New Jer
sey, who was a soldier in the Revolutionary
war. He married Penelope Heton, who raised
ten children. Her son Samuel married Rachel
Boyer, who was the mother of ten children.
Our subject went to school in Vigo County: he
obeyed the call of his country to protect the
stars and stripes by enlisting, August 21, 1862,
in Terre Haute, in the Fourth Indiana Cavalry
Volunteers, Co. M, he holding a commission
of First Lieutenant, serving till close of war.
After the battle of Murfreesboro, he was
promoted to the rank of Captain. He was
with Gen. Sherman in his famous " march to
the sea." After the war, Capt. Dickerson went
to Toledo, Ohio, where he was joined in matri-
mony, February 10, 1867, to Mary A. Belz,
born March 10, 1847, in Toledo, daughter of
John and Caroline (Klinck) Belz, and the
mother of six children — John H., born Decem-
ber 20, 1867 ; George L., born September 19,
1869 ; Carrie M., born April 11, 1871. Steven
B., born November 28, 1873 ; William T., de-
ceased, and Ruby, born October 2, 1878. Mr.
and Mrs. Dickerson have been connected with
the Methodist Episcopal Church. He is now
Township Trustee. Mr. Dickerson has a farm
of 280 acres of good land, with good buildings.
He is identified with the Republican party.
M. D. EDENS, farmer, P. 0. Marshall, born
June 16, 1837, in McMinn County, East Tenn.,
son of Archibald Edens, born in Tennessee,
died January 31, 1855, in Louisiana. He was
a soldier in the Southern Indian wars ; he wag
married to Elizabeth Peak, born in Tennessee,
died in Louisiana; she was the mother of fif-
teen children (ten boys and five girls); one of
the boys was a doctor. Mr. Edens went to
school in Tennessee ; he was married in Texas
to Emeline Davidson, born in Clark County,
died April 15, 1878, in Clark County. Mr.
Edens was married a second time to Mrs.
Lavinia Strickler, daughter of William G. and
Mary (Strickler) Stevens, and the mother of
three children — Maude, born April 13, 1871, of
her first husband, the other two with her pres-
ent husband— Francis M., born December 16,
1879 ; and Marquis De La Fayette, born No-
vember 5, 1881. Mr. Edens has a farm of 122^
acres of good land. He has been Tax Col-
lector for three terms, Scliool Trustee and Jus-
tice of the Peace for two years. He has been
identified with the Republican party, although
he was raised in the South. Mr. Edens came
to this county in 1860, in the spring.
DARWIN TOWNSHIP.
165
DR. M. A. HATFIELD, physician, Dar-
win, born March IS, 1856, in Darwin, 111. His
fatlicr, H. C. Hatfield, came here about 18-10.
He kept a general store in compan}- with A.
Sackrider for twenty years. He died Janu-
ary 12, 1867, aged thirty-six years. He was
married to Esther Brown, born July 13, 1832,
in Vigo Count}-, lud. She is a daughter of
James M. and Hannah (Denney) Brown, and
the mother of three children — Madison A.,
Lola, born January 17, 1861 ; Mary E., born
March 8, 1863. Mrs. Esther Hatfield was
married a second time to George M. Fort-
une, who is the father of four children — Cas-
sias L., Le Roy, Claude and Carl are twins.
Mr. Fortune is a minister in the M. E. Church.
Our subject, Madison A., was educated in Dar-
win, also at the High and State Normal School
at Terre Haute, Ind. After this he devoted
his time to the study of medicine, attending
lectures at Cincinnati, Ohio, Chicago, 111., and
Indianapolis, Ind., where he graduated in 1877.
He commenced to practice in Darwin in 1875,
and has made this place his headquarters ever
since. Dr. Hatfield was joined in matrimony,
December 7, 1876, to Miss Julia Dawson, born
January 21, 1854, in Bullitt County, Ky. She
is a daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth (Cook)
Dawson, who were born in Kentuck}-, where
they died. Dr. Hatfield and wife are members
of the Methodist Episcopal Church. The Doc-
tor is identified with the Republican party, but
his grandfather, who lived in Texas many
j-ears before the war, was a Brigadier General
in the Confederate armj-.
J. M. HOLLENBECK, merchant, Hatton.
This gentleman represents one of the very old-
est and best pioneer families in this county.
He was born May 19, 1838. The family is of
Holland descent. His grandfather, Lawrence
Hollenbeck, was born in New York and has
heard the British bombard Bufl!alo. He was
married to a Miss Lewis, who was the mother
of eleven children. The trip from New York
to this count}' was made mostly by water.
They settled here in 1816. when the dark forest
was yet filled with wild beasts and still wilder
men. His son John was married to Isabell Uouts.
She was the mother of three children — John
M., Emily and Harriet. Emily is tlie wife of
William Lindley and Harriet is the wife of
Samuel Lindley. Mrs. Isabell Hollenbeck died
in 1838. John Hollenbeck was married a sec-
ond time to Isabel Claypoole, who was the
mother of Jane, wife of Charles Hogue. Our
subject, John M., was educated in this count}-.
He was married here to Miss Margaret Neal,
daughter of Washington and Hattie (Stevens)
Neal, and the mother of five children — Elsie,
wife of George Holwick and the mother of
Edward and Bert ; William T., born October
17, 1861 ; he is a teacher by profession ;
Charles G., born in 1863 ; and Washing-
ton, born April 20, 1866. Mr. Hollenbeck
was a soldier in our late war, enlisting twice,
the first time in 1861. in the Twenty-first Illi-
nois, known as " Grant's Regiment," Company
H ; the second time in 1864, in the Tenth Illi-
nois, Company G, serving till the close of the
war. He lost his wife in 1866. He is a mem-
ber of the Odd Fellows fraternity and also a
" Knight of Honor," Marshall Lodge, No. 1198.
He has a farm of 260 acres in this county and
keeps a general store in Hatton. In politics,
he is identified with the Republican party.
JACOB LICKERT, farmer, P. 0. Darwin.
Mr. Lickert was born August 24, 1839, in
Dermbach, Germany, son of John George
Lueckertborn 1797, in Germany ; he died 1863,
near West Point, Ind. He was married to
Barbara Elizabeth Arnold, born in (jermany,
died 1841, in Dermbach, Germany. She was
the mother of ten children, of whom John
Adam is yet living in Germany ; he married
Elizabeth Zobel. Mr. Lickert came to Indian-
apolis, Ind., via New Orleans, in 1853. About
Christmas the same year, he came to Clark
County, 111., where he has made his home ever
166
iilOGRAPHICAL:
since. He obeyed the call of his country to
protect the stars and stripes by enlisting
August 1, 1862, at Mattoon, 111., in the
Seventy-ninth Illinois Infantry Volunteers,
Company F, serving till close of war ; he was
taken prisoner in the battle of Chickainauga,
suffering untold miseries in different Southern
prison pens, viz.: Richmond, Danville, Ander-
sonville and Florence, being in captivity four-
teen months and seventeen daj-s. After the
war, lie returned to this county, where he was
married March 25, 1866, to Mary Louisa
Busch, born March 11, 1841, in Claasmuehle,
near Burscheid, Rhein Province, Germany. She
is the mother of six children — Flora, born
January 18, 1867; Emma, born April 4, 1869;
Anna, born November 2, 1870; Ida, born De-
cember 31, 1872; Elizabeth, born June 10,
1875; and William, born April 6, 1877. Mr.
Lickert has 220 acres of land. Our subject
and wife were brought up and confirmed in the
Lutheran Church. Mr. Lickert has been iden-
tified with the Republican party. His stand-
ing in the communit}' is good. His two sis-
ters, Elizabeth and Eliza, are living in Indian-
apolis, Ind.; his brother Simon lives near the
same place.
LEWIS MAXHART, farmer, P. 0. Marshall,
born January 25, 1833, near Baltimore, Md.,
son of George Manhart, born in Germany ; he
died in Vigo County, Ind. He was married in
Maryland to Rachael Romoser, born in Ger-
many ; she died in this county. She was the
mother of three children — George, now living,
he married Anna Switzer, after her death, he
married Sarah Beltz, he is now living in Texas ;
John, he was married to Katie Neff, deceased.
Our subject was married to Frany Beltz, born
in Ohio ; she died in this county. She was the
mother of five children now living — Anna S.i
born March 20, 1862; Albert L., born January
11, 1864; William A., born September 16,
1867; Margaret, born December 30, 1870, and
Franklin L., born April 21, 1873. Mr. Man-
hart is a member of the German Evangelical
Church. He was married a second time to
Mrs. Ailsa Swope, born December 29, 1832, in
Lawrence County, 111., daughter of James and
Catharine (Woodworth) Vermillion. Mr.
Manhart has a farm of 110 acres of land. He
came to this county about 1840, aud in politics
he is identified with the Democratic party.
HENRY MILLER, farmer, P. O. Hatton,
born September 18, 1820, in Ohio. His father,
John Miller, was born in Pennsylvania ; he
was married to Hannah Maloj', born in Penn-
sylvania ; she died in Darwin, 111.; she was a
daughter of John Maloy, and the mother of
thirteen children, one of them named William ;
he died while in the army in our late war.
John Miller came to this county in 1829, and
amid the hardships of pioneer life he raised a
large family' ; his son Henry was married to
Eliza Adams ; she was the mother of Andy Mil-
ler, who married Nancie Ingram ; they have
four children, Sophia, Altamond, Henry and
Marcus, two with his present wife and two
with his first wife, whose name was Sarah Jef-
fers. Mrs. Henry Miller died in 1847. Mr.
Miller was married a second time to Salena
Adams, who^died a short time afterward. His
third wife was Mrs. Elizabeth Sanford, born
in 1827 ; she is the mother of three children
now living — Lydia, born January 9, 1856, she
married Joseph Klemm, who died in April,
1881, he is the father of one son — Henr}- L.
born February 12, 1881 ; Hattie, born July 24,
1864 ; and Sinia, born March 7, 1872. Mrs.
Elizabeth Miller is the daughter of Henderson
and Catharine (Walls) Corey, both deceased.
Mr. Miller took quite a decided stand during
our late war, and did a great deal toward re-
lieving Union soldiers and their families ; the
work done bj- him for the good cause at home
was not outdone by many in the field. He has
never sought public oflBces but rather avoids
publicity. He votes the Republican ticket.
By industry and economy he has laid up some-
DARWIN TOWNSHIP.
187
thing for a rainy daj-. He has a good farm of
over 200 acres, which is well cultivated.
R. C. MYLES, farmer, P. O. Darwin, was
born July 31, 1831, in Shelby County, Ind.,
son of Isum Myles, who married Julian Frank-
lin, who was the mother of nine children, of
whom only William R. and Richard C. are now
living. Our subject was married in this county
to Sinia Lawwill, born August 24, 1835,
daughter of Oliver C. and Jane (Sharp) Law-
will. Mrs. Jane Lawwill was of the third
oldest farailj' that settled in this county ; she
came here in 1814, and is the mother of five
children. Mrs. Myles is the mother of four
children — Oliver C, married Martha Chica-
daunce, of German descent, and is the mother of
three children — Nicholas R., Anna S. and Mary
T.; Julia A. is now the wife of Le Roy B.
Craig ; Bruce A., was born November 7, 1866,
and Clark A., born October 12, 1868. Mr.
Myles has a farm of 152 acres. He is a Re-
publican.
J. W. PADDOCK, Postmaster and merchant,
Darwin, was bor.. January 7, 1839, in Vigo
County, Ind., son of Ebeuezer Paddock, born
in Ohio ; he was a firmer ; he married Amanda
Shattuck, daughter of William Shattuck. She
was the mother of nine children, of whom
James W., our subject, is the only one living.
He went to school in Vigo County, Ind. He
was a farmer in early life. In 1876, he came
to Darwin, III, where he entered the mercan-
tile business, keeping a general store in connec-
tion with the post office. He has been Town-
ship Assessor and School Director. Is a mem-
ber of the Odd Fellows fraternity, " Vigo
Lodge." Mr. Paddock was joined in matri-
mony in Vigo County, Ind., July 31, 1862,
to Miss Phoebe Francis, born December 25, 1841,
in Lawrence County, Ohio, daughter of John
R. and Sarah Ann (Silverthorn) Francis, and
i T the mother of six children now living — Conie
born "March 9, 1867 ; Effie, born July 11, 1869;
Otis G., born October 15, 1871 ; John N., born
November 29, 1874 ; Addie A., born May 22,
1878, and James B., born April 27, 1882. Mr.
and Mrs. Paddock are members of the United
Brethren in Christ, and good members of their
community.
CHARLES PAKER, farmer, P. O. Marshall,
born August 31, 1847, in Bismarck, Prussia,
Germany, grandson of Diederich Paker, whose
son, Charles, was born 1822 ; he died 1869, in
Terre Haute, Ind. He was married, 1846, in
Germany, to Louisa Schmidt, born December
24, 1818 ; she is now living with her son
Charles ; she is the mother of four children —
William A., now living in Terre Haute, where
he married Rosa Schmidt, who is the mother
of Ida, Carl and Otilie, Herman, deceased,
Frank F. (also living in Terre Haute, where he
married Matilda Seitz), and our subject, who
was educated in Germany. He came to this
country with his parents in 1862. He worked
at the blacksmith trade for six years, and
clerked in a queensware store for five years.
He was joined in matrimony December 14,
1875, to Emma Rottman, born December 29,
1853, in Terre Haute. She is a daughter of
Frederich and Sophia (Steinmehl) Rottman,
and the mother of two children — Clara L. S.,
born November 7, 1876, and Emilie Rosa, born
November 4, 1881. Mr. Paker is a member
of the Grange. He has been a member of .sev-
eral societies. He has a farm of 120 acres.
In politics, he is independent, voting for the
best man. Mr. Paker is a member of the
County Board, representing Darwin Township;
he is also School Director. Mrs. Paker's
grandfather, Joseph Richard, born 1807, in
Germany, where he was a soldier, is j-et living,
a hale and strong man ; he came here in 1 850.
JOHN PEARCE, farmer, P. 0. Marshall,
born December 23, 1822, near Baltimore, grand-
son of Richard Pearce, whose son Edward
married Sarah Lawrence, who was the mother
of a large famil}'. Her son John came to this
county in the fall of 1837. He was married
168
BIOGRAPHICAL:
here January 16, 1849, to Mahala Craig, born
June 26, 1830. She is a daughter of Thomas
and Sarah (Brown) Craig, and the mother of
three children, as follows : Edward ; Thomas,
born January 16, 1852 (he is a teacher by pro-
fession); Sarah E., born April 18, 1856 (wife
of Emrait Craig). Mrs. Pearce has a good
farm of 120 acres. Mr. Pearce has been Town-
ship Trustee, and has been School Ditector
for sixteen 3'ears. In politics, he' had been
identified with the Republican party. Before
the existence of the Republican party, he voted
the Whig ticket.
EDWARD PEARCE physician, Darwin,
born December 24, 1849, in this county. He
is a grandson of Edward Pearce, Sr., born in
Delaware, died 1860, in this count}-. He was
married to Sarah Lawrence, who was the
mother of eight children. Edward Pearce, Sr.,
was a soldier in the war of 1812. His son
John, born in Maryland, came to this county
with his parents in 1837. He was married
here to Mahala Craig, daughter of Thomas and
Sarah (Brown) Craig, who were early settlers.
Mrs. M. Craig was the mother of three children
—Thomas, born January, 1852 ; Sarah E., wife
of E. A. Craig ; and Edward, our subject, who
was educated partly in this county, Terre
Haute Commercial College, and finished his
medical education in the Chicago Medical Col-
lege, receiving his diploma in March, 1878.
He was joined in matrimony January 1, 1874,
to Miss Martha E. Hufflngton, born July 27,
1851, near Indianapolis, Ind. She is a daugh-
ter of Edward J. and Harriet F. (Turner) Huf-
flngton, and the mother of three childi'en —
Homer N., born June S, 1875; Effle E., boi'n
January 25, 1878; Edmund R., born March 11,
1881. Mr. Pearce is a member of the Masonic
fraternitj', "Darwin Lodge, No. 551, of which
he is Master. He is also an Odd Fellow,
" Eureka Lodge, No. 64, I. 0. 0. F." In pol-
itics, Mr. Pearce is identified with the Repub-
lican party. Has been Count}- Superintendent
of Schools for two years ; is now Township
School Treasurer.
A. POORM AN, farmer, P. 0. Walnut Prairie.
This man who is one of the few who are de-
scendants of pioneer families in this township,
was born November 1, 1825, in this county.
His father, John Poormau, born April 5, 1802,
in New York. He came to thiscounty in 1818,
with his parents, Jacob and Elizabeth Poorman,
who were born in Germany. John Poorman
was married in Indiana to Mary Ann Skomp,
born October, 1802, in Pennsylvania. She
was the mother of eight children. Her son,
Amaudar, was married to Jane L. Stevens, born
April 11, 1828, in Kentucky, daughter of Henry
and Jane R. (Porter) Stevens, and the mother
of four children now living— Elizabeth Jane,
born September 23, 1852, wife of Thomas J.
Garwood, and mother of Oceola ; John J., born
January 19, 1856 ; he was married to Eliza
Maneer, born January 2, 1858, died February
20, 1883 ; she is the mother of Jennettie B.,
born September 4, 1878, and William Franklin
born March 4, 1881 ; Hattie Ann, born Octo-
ber 10, 1858, wife of Levi Garwood, and the
mother of Margaret ; Hannah R., born August
29, 1860. Mr. Poorman has a good farm of
200 acres, with fair improvements. He has
filled school offices. In politics, he has been
identified with the Democratic party. Is a
quiet, respectable citizen, who does not care
much for outside show.
CHARLES TAUBENECK, farmer, P. 0.
Marshall, born December 30, 1820, in
Schkeutitz, Prussia, Germany. He is a son of
John Frederick Taubeneck, born July 7, 1797 ;
he died in 1877, in this county, to which he
had come in 1855. He was married to Anna
C. W. Gephart, born February 12, 1792, in
Hanover, she died where our subject was born;
she was the mother of eight children. Her
father was in Paris when Louis XVI was
I beheaded ; one of her brothers was a minister,
and another was a Professor at the University
DARWIN TOWNSHIP.
169
in Lfiipzig. The great-grandfather of our sub-
ject was a Russian Nobleman, who married
a citizen's daughter while a student at the Uni-
versity of Goettingen, in Germany, of which he
afterward became a Professor. Our subject
came to the United States in 1850, he has seen
most of the eastern cities, and came to Clark
County, mostly by water, where he was mar-
ried August 15, 1850, to Bertha Nonnenbrnch.
born April 20, 1825, on the Rhein, in Linchlin-
gen, Prussia, daughter of Bertram Nonnen-
brnch, a miller by occupation ; he died in Cin-
cinnati, Ohio. Mrs. Taubeneck is the mother
of three children now living — Matilda, born
August 13, 1853, wife of F. Bubeck, she has
four children ; Emil C., born February 5, 1856,
he married Mary Holtzer, mother of Carl Vic-
tor ; Victor E., born July 19, 1860, he married
Hettie Scott. Mr. and Mrs. Taubeneck are
members of the Lutheran Church. He owns a
good farm of 100 acres ; he has given almost
200 acres of land to his children. Mr. Tauben-
eck is a strong Republican.
OTTO TAUBKNECK, farmer, P. 0. Mar-
shall, born October 16, 1825, in Schkeutitz,
Prussia. He is a sou of Frederich Taubeneck,
who married Minna Gephart, born in Duder-
stadt, Hanover. Her father was in France
during the first Revolution, but after its close
he again returned to Germany. Otto Taube-
neck has two sisters in Germany, viz., Emilie
and Louisa. He was educated in Germany,
and served his term of two j'ears in the army.
In the spring of 1848, he came to this country,
landing in New York, and after a ten months'
stay in New Jersey, he resolved to go to the gold
fields of California. Owing to lack of funds,
he was deterred from joining a company of
eighty-four nice young men, at Cincinnati,
Ohio, who intended to take the overland route.
This little circumstance, probably, saved his
life, as the young men never reached their
destination, being all massacred by the Indians.
Mr. Taubeneck came to this county in 1851,
and on Januarj' 1 of the following year he was
married to Emma Nonnenbrnch, born Febru-
ar}' 16, 1833, on the Rhine in Prussia; she is
the mother of eight children — Emma, deceased;
Herman, born January 2, 1855; Oliver 0., born
July 10, 1857; Arvor, born May 17, 1861;
Natalia, born January- 27. 1867; Oscar, born
April 8, 1869; Alfred, born April 9, 1871;
Nellie Agnes, born February 6, 1873. Mr.
and Mrs. Taubeneck are members of the
Grange. He has been identified with the Re-
publican part}' since Fremont's time, but is
now independent in politics, voting for the best
man. He has a farm of 366 acres, which
is mostly under cultivation; but the most in-
teresting feature on it is a silver mine which
was discovered by our subject about seven
years ago. The first assay, by the United
States Assayer in Nevada, was valued at over
$11 per ton. Mr. Taubeneck has made mine-
ralogy a study for the last three years ; he has
over thirty certificates from assays made the
last two 3'ears, ranging in value from $2.60 per
ton, from ttie blossom, to $2<i per ton of gold
and silver ores. Mr. Taubeneck's sons, Her-
man and Oliver, are engaged in mining in
Colorado
T. R. UNDERWOOD, miller, Darwin, born
April 15, 1840, in Mt. Carmel, 111., to which place
his father, James Underwood, had removed in
1832, coming from Ohio, where he bad been
married to 3Iar\- Wood, of German descent.
She had five brothers and two sisters. The
former all became Methodist ministers of con-
siderable renown. Their names are Aaron,
Wesley, Enoch, Jesse and Moses. Rachel, one
of the girls, became the wife of Rev. George
Bennett, and Lydia became the wife of T. Laf-
ferty. James Underwood was the father of
five children. Our subject and his sister Mary,
wife of W. Simons, are now living. Mr. Under-
wood dying. Mrs. Underwood was married
again to H. A. Henderson. They raised
four children — Enoch, Andromache and Bell-
170
BIOGRAPHICAL:
vereta are twins, and Cbailes. Our subject
was educated parti}' in this county and partly
in Iowa, to which place his parents had
moved. He returned to this countj' in 1858.
In 1861, he enlisted in the First Missouri
Cavalry Volunteers, Company K, participating
with his regiment in many thrilling scenes and
famous battles west of the Mississippi River,
among others, at Sugar Creek, Pea Ridge and
Coldwater. Mr. Underwood was a Sergeant,
serving till close of war, after which he re-
turned to this county, where he was married,
February 1, 1866, to Amelia G. McClure, born
January 2, 1847, in York, 111. She is a daugh-
ter of Louis and Elizabeth (Rockafellar) Mc-
Clure, and is the mother of three children —
Willie L., born August 20, 1869; Mary E.,
January 30, 1872 ; Anna B., bom September
24, 1873. Mr. Underwood lived seven years
in Indiana. After that he came to Darwin,
where he bought the steam saw and flour mill,
which he has run ever since. He is a member
of the Masonic fraternity, " Darwin Lodge,
No. 551," A., F. & A. M. In politics, is a Re-
publican. He and his wife are members of
the Methodist Episcopal Church.
YOEK TOWNSHIP.
J. H. G. BAKER, M. D. , was born Decem-
ber 31, 1842. in Cincinnati, Ohio. He was
the oldest son of Major and Elizabeth Baker,
who came to Clark County, 111., when our
subject was live years old. They, afterward
returned to Cincinnati, where they gave him
the advantages of its good schools, and after
retiu-ning to this county he taught school.
In the spring of 1861, when the war cloud j
gathered over this fair nation, he resolved to
protect the stars and stripes, and enlisted
May 11, at Darwin, in the Twenty-first
Illinois Volunteers, Company H, and after-
ward re-enlisted for the three years' term. }
Our subject participated in many thrilling
scenes and famous battles. He was wound-
ed in the battle of Stone River, from the
effects of which he died, March 28, 1883, in
West Union, 111. He served out his three |
years' term doing light guard duty ; after
that he assisted in raising a company of men j
for the war. Afterward he taught several j
terms of school, and then commenced the
study of medicine with Dr. R. C. Prewett, of
Marshall, 111., and graduated at the Ohio
Medical College, in 1875. He followed his
profession in York and in West Union, 111.
Mr. Baker was married in 1876, to Miss Tilly
Bartlett, who is the mother of three children.
Dr. Baker was a member of the Methodist
Episcopal Church, also a member of the Ma-
sonic fraternity, and of the Chapter at Mar-
shall, 111. He filled several offices with abil-
ity and honesty. In his death the community
lost a good member of society and of the
profession, a kind brother, husband and fa-
ther. Sweet rest be his till the grand roll-
call in heaven.
J. L. BRADBURY, merchant, York. This
gentleman is a member of one of our old pio-
neer families who came here when the set-
tlements were few, and wild beasts and wilder
men roamed through the forest. He was
born August 9, 1850, in Crawford County.
His father, John S. Bradbury, whose portrait
is in this work, is a farmer by occupation.
Our subject was also a tiller of the soil in
early life. He was educated mostly in Rob-
inson and Terre Haute. He taught school
two years, after which he clerked four years
YORK TOWNSHIP.
171
in York and Sullivan. He opened a gi-ocery
store in the former place in 1877. Mr. Brad-
bury was joined in matrimony, March 22,
1877, in this county, to Miss Mary A. Hamill,
born May 7, 1855, in Sullivan County, Ind.
She is a daughter of Marks and Jane (Kelly)
Hamill, who were born in Ireland. Mrs.
Bradbury is the mother of one little girl: Ola
Joy, born November 1, 1882. Mrs. Brad-
bury is a member of the Old School Presby-
terian Church. Mr. Bradbury is identified
with the Democratic party.
JOSEPH BROOKS, farmer, P. O. West
Union, born May 29, 1842, in Union Prairie.
He is a son of James Brooks, born 1796, in
Kentucky; he died in November, 1853, in this
county. He was married twice; his first wife
died at Carlisle, Ind. ; she was the mother of
James and Andrew Brooks, deceased. James
Brooks came to this county in 1832, and was
married here the same year to Mrs. Abigail
Lacy, born October 6, 1800, in North Caro-
lina; she is a daughter of Samuel and Jane
(Lee) Prevo. She is the mother of six chil-
dren, viz. : Mary, Robert, Samuel, Alfred, de-
ceased, from her first husband, and Caroline
and Joseph from her second husband. Our
subject, Joseph Brooks, was joined in mat-
rimony in this county, December 30, 1880,
to Mrs. Sofrona Greenlee, bom April 23,
1844, in this township. She is a daughter
of Robert and Sofrona (Howerton) Harrison.
Mrs. Brooks is a member of the Cumberland
Presbyterian Church. Mr. and Mi-s. Brooks
have a fai-m of 120 acres. Mr. Brooks has
been identified with the Democratic party.
F. E. BUCKNER, farmer, P. O. West York,
born December 25, 1828, in Crawford Coun-
ty, 111. Bis great-grandfather, Jessie Buck-
ner, was a man of considerable wealth and
renown. He was a minister of the Baptist
Church for forty years, having formerly been
an ofiicer in the Revolutionary war. He
married Mary Pyle. Their son, Elisha, wa.s
born in Chatham County, N. C, he died there
in 1829. He married Sai'ah Steele, born in
Njrth Cai-olina, she died 1842, in Clark
County, 111. Her son, John Buckner, was
born July 26, 1805, in North Carolina, he
died December 15, 1876, in this county. He
came to Crawford County in 1828. He was
married March 3, 1825, in Tennessee, to Mar-
garet Decker, born October 3, 1806, in Smith
County, Tenn. She was a daughter of Fred-
erick and Anna (Earnest) Decker. Mrs. Anna
Decker's father, Andi'ew Earnest, and his six
sons, viz. : Capt. Andrew, John, George,
Peter, Daniel and Christopher were all sol-
diers in the Revolution. Andrew Earnest. Sr. ,
was a wealthy shad fisher in Philadelphia;
he married Katie Sommers, a sister of Gen.
Sommers, of Revolutionary fame, who raised
and commanded a regiment of German troops
from Pennsylvania. Andrew Earnest, Sr. ,
received several land grants from the United
States, of which he made no use whatever,
and it, together with property in Philadel-
phia, belongs, properly to his heirs. Mrs.
Margaret Buckner is yet living, at the home
of her only son, Frederick E. , who was edu
cated in Smith County, Tenn., to which place
he had moved back, with his parents, in 1829.
He was also maiTied there to Miss Avaline
Vantreaso, born 1831, in Tennessee; she died
in 1866. She was the mother of two children,
viz. : Margaret F. , deceased, former wife of
Robert Waire, and the mother of Eva, Lydia,
and Freddy. Julia Ann, wife of C. S. Buck-
ner, and the mother of Emma R. Mr. Buck-
ner was married a second time to Bethiah
Snipes, born 1835, in Tennessee; she died
there 1872. She was the mother of Martha
E., born October 19, 1808; and John W.,
bom January 28, 1871; he died December
27, 1879. Our subject was joined in matri-
mony a third time, Norember 8,1877, in this
173
BIOGRAPHICAL:
county, to Miss Rebecca L. Richards, born
August 28, 1851, in Ohio; daughter of Thomas
and Mary A. (Brown) Richards. Mr. Buck-
ner obeyed the call of his country by enlist-
ing November 1, 1864, in the Fourth Regi-
ment of Mounted Infantry, Tennessee Volun-
teers, Col. Blackburn, serving till close of
war. Mr. Buckner came back to this county
in 1876. He has S-tO acres of land with good
improvements. Mr. and Mrs. Buckner are
members of the Methodist Episcopal Church.
He is a member of the Masonic fraternity
and also the G. A. R. In politics, he is in-
dependent
G. T. BURKS, merchant, York, born
December 25, 1835, in Sullivan County, Ind.
He is a grandson of George Burks, born in
Kentucky, where he participated in the scenes
and struggles of the early pioneers on " the
dark and bloody ground." He died there
in 1820. His son, Woodson Burks, was born
January 25, 1809, in Kentucky; he came to
Sullivan Count}', Ind., in 1830, where he was
married December 25, 1833, to Nancy Bur-
ton, born April 25, 1819, she died February
7, 1856: she was the mother of eight chil-
dren, of whom Martha Miller, Ellen William-
son, Cynthia Houpt, and George T. are now
living. Our subject was educated at Merom
College, Ind. He was a tiller of the soil, in
early life. In 1860, he commenced the mer-
cantile business by clerking one year in York,
then two years in Sullivan, Ind., and four
years in Terre Haute for W. T. Stone & Co.
After that he kept a boot and shoe store him-
self in Sullivan, Ind. In 1875, he came
back to York, where he opened a dry goods
store. Mr. Bm-ks was joined in matrimony,
December 30, 1865, in Sullivan County, to
Miss Charlotte Murphy, born August 16,
1841, in Sullivan County, Ind., daughter of
Amos and Mary L. Murphy, and the mother of
Gertie, born November 22, 1866; Claude and
Nevah, deceased, and Lulu, born December
30, 1878. Mrs. Burks died June 3, 1881
Mr. Burks was married a second time, March
2, 1882, to Mrs. Nancy Nieoson, born August
10, 1845, in Sullivan County, Inl., daugh-
ter of Benjamin and Mary A. (Earnest) Gray;
and the mother of Rosalie Nieoson, born
August 27, 1865, wife of S. Wilson, M. D.;
David T. Nieoson, born September 3, 1869;
Bruce Nieoson, deceased; Grace Nieoson,
born May 8, 1876. Mrs. Burks is a member
of the Presbyterian Church. Mr. Burks is
identified with the Republican party.
GEORGE CLINE, farmer, P. O. Walnut
Prairie, born October 2, 1854, in Wyandot
County, Ohio, son of Porter Cline, born Jan-
uary 14, 1821, in Pennsylvania, he died Feb-
ruary 23, 1882, in this township. He was a
farmer and stockman by occupation. He was
married, in Perry Coiinty, Ohio, to Miss Mary
King, born March 20, 1824, in Perry Coun-
ty, Ohio, davighter of Peter and Mary (Whit-
mer) King, and the mother of eight children
now living, viz.: Albert, married Ellen Ray,
she is the mother of Maiy and Nellie; Frank-
lin P. he married Anna Allison, who is the
mother of Mary A. and Franklin LeRoy;
Maiy, wife of William Crumrine; George,
David L., he married Alice Wilson; Jeflfer-
son, he married Sarah Handy. Henry N.,
born March 12, 1861, and Charlie C, born
Februai-y 2, 1863. Mrs. Cline is a member
of the Presbyterian Church. Mr. George
Cline came to this county with his father, a
man respected by all who knew him, in the
fall of 1867; he was educated in this county
and in Ohio; he is at present farming on his
mother's farm of 175 acres, near Walnut
Prairie. In politics, he is connected with the
Democratic party, as was his father before
him.
F. DERKSEN, shoe-maker, York, born
September 30, 1823, in Goch, Kreis (or
YORK TOWNSHIP.
173
county) Cleve, Eegb, Dusseldorf, Rhein
Provinz, Germany. His grandfather was
Diederich L. Derksen. was born in Eng-
land, where he was a large business man.
and was also man-ied to Susanna Van Keuk-
hoven, born in Holland, whose ancestor's
name was Hoven. Her son, Diederich L.
Derksen, Jr., was a physician; was wounded
in the battle of Jena. He married Susanna
S. Stembergh, born 1790, yet living; she is
the mother of Diederich L.. Johan F., Eliza-
beth A., Carl R., deceased, Maria M., Anto-
netta S. and Florence A., who was a soldier
in the German army four years during the
war of 1848, was wounded three times. He
married Maiy M. Berr, born in Germany,
died 1847 in New York. She was the mother
of Herman A., born May 15, 1852, in Rot-
terdam, Holland. He enlisted in the Foui-th
United States Cavalry, in St. Louis, and lost
his right hand in a fight with the Indianp
who had killed Gen. Custer. He is now a
pensioner in Washington. Mr. Derksen was
married a second time in New York, Febru-
ary 11, 1858, to Miss Sophia W. C. Von Pu-
laski, born August 29, 1825, inMuender, Han-
over, Germany, daughter of Count C. Pu-
laski and Maria A. Herwig. Mrs. Derksen' s
grandfather was the famous Polish Count
Pulaski, who fell at Savannah. Mrs. Derk-
sen is the mother of three children, viz.:
Maria M., deceased; Florence A., born Oc-
tober 10, 1860, in Terre Haute, Ind. ; and
Annas. C, bora April 18, 1862, in Terre
Halite, wife of T. J. Jones, and the mother
of Helena, and infant son. Mr. Derksen was
a merchant in Holland for fom- years. He
lived four years in New York City, and
twelve years in Terre Haute, Ind. He came
to York in 1870, where he followed his trade.
He enlisted, 1861, in the Thirty-second Indi-
ana German Infantry, Company E; partici-
pating in the battles of Shiloh and Corinth.
He draws a pension. Mr. and Mrs. Derksen
are members of the Protestant Church. He
is an I. O. O. F., and also a member of the
G. A. R. He is a Republican.
MOSES C. DOLSON, farmer, P. O. York.
The gentleman whose name heads this sketch
represents one of our old pioneer families;
he was born March 15, 1822, in Crawford
County. He is a grandson of Tunis Dolson
born in Wales; he died iu New York.
He came to this county before the Revo-
lution, in which he took an active part,
fighting for the Colonies; although his two
brothers, Matthew and Isaac, fought for the
King, agreeing, at parting, that if they should
meet in battle, to meet as strangers. They
never met again in life, although they raised
large families, after the war. Tunis Dolson
was married twice, his second wife was Mary
A. Crose. He raised seventeen children.
His son John raised twenty-six children.
His son James was born in New York; he
died here in 1828; he married Susannah
Minier,born in Pennsylvania; she died here
in 1872. She ws the mother of twelve chil-
dren, of whom only Moses C. and Elizabeth
are now living. Our subject was married in
this county to Esther N. Gorham, born April
6, 1842, she'died November 14, 1869. She
was the mother of four children, of whom
only Harry C, born April 24, 1865, is now
living. Mr. Dolson was married a second
time, December 19, 1871, to Caroline Brooks,
born September 10, 1836. She is a daughter
of James and Abigail (Prevo) Brooks. Mr.
James Dolson came to this county in 1817 ;
he was a soldier in the war of 1812. Mr.
Dolson has 422 acres of land in this
county. Mrs. Dolson is a member of the
Methodist Episcopal Church. In politics,
our subject is connected with the Republican
party. He has tilled township and school
offices.
174
BIOGRAPHICAL;
MES. MAEY EARNER, West Union, born
Anguet 31, 1820, in Jackson County, Tnd.
She is a grand-daughter of John and Maiy
(Davis) Stever, of German descent; they died
in Indiana. Their son, Davis Stever, was
born May 11, 1800, on White River, in In-
diana; he died February 24, 1833, in Clark
County, Ind. He was married, December 1,
1824, in Indiana, to Elizabeth Banks, who
was born April 19, 1805, in Stokes County,
S. C. She is yet living in Indiana, with
her daughter Maggie Julian. Mrs. Stever
was married a second time to Moses Block-
son, a soldier in the war of 1812; he died
January 27, 1846, in this county. Mrs.
Stever was the mother of five children by her
first marriage, of whom only oiu" subject is
now living; and three children by her second
marriage. Our subject came to this county
with her .parents in 1844; she was married
here March 6, 1846, to Albert Marvin, born
September 25, 1825; he died May 1, 1852, in
Clark County. He was the father of three
childi-en: William J., born May 15, 1848;
he married Sarah Ward; Mary E., born
March 19, 1850, she died August 3, 1870;
Albert W., born March 25, 1S52; he died
August 26, 1878. Our subject was married
a second time, April 8, 1855, to William
Harner, born December 31, 1828; he died
September 17, 1875. He was the father of
four children, viz. : J. Allison, born April
5, 1857; infant son; Morton D. born Febru-
ary 22, 1859; he married Lucia Prevo, who
is the mother of Mary E. and Emma G. ;
Maggie E., born June 14, 1862. Mrs. Harner
is the owner of 150 acres of land. Her last
husband was a soldier in om* late war, enlisting
February 20, 1864, serving till close of war.
W. H. HARRIS, stockman and farmer, P.
O. West Union, born January 19, 1844, in
Butler County, Ohio. Grandson of William
H. Harris, Sr. , a farmer by occupation. He
was a soldier in the war of 1812; he was
married to Nancy Meeker, born in New Jer-
sey; she died in Butler County, Ohio; she
was the mother of eleven children. William
H. Harris, Sr., was born in New Jersey; he
died in Butler County, Ohio. His son, Meeker
Harris, married Sarah Byers, who was the
mother of nine children. Meeker Harris and
family came to this county in 1858, when he
bought Rev. R. H. Lilly's farm of 700 acres sit
uated on Walnut Prairie. He died in 1871;
his wife is still living on the old farm. Our
subject, W. H. Harris, was educated partly
in Ohio and in this county. He learned the
blacksmith trade in early life, and at the
breaking-out of our late war he obeyed the call
of his country by enlisting, though only six-
teen years old, August 13, 1861, in this county.
He was mustered in at Jefferson Barracks,
near St. Louis, in the First Cavaky Missouri
Volunteers, Company K. Capt. Crookshank,
participating in many thrilling scenes and
famous battles. Mr. Hai-ris was joined in
matrimony, March 6, 1865, to Elizabeth
Blockson, bom December 27, 1840, in Vigo
County, Ind., daughter of Moses and Eliza-
beth (Banks) Blockson, and the mother of
three children, viz. : Hem-y, deceased, aged
three years; Ruth, born September 30, 186 1,
and Sadie, deceased, aged one year. Mr.
Harris has been a member of the Methodist
Episcopal Chui-ch. Mrs. Harris is a member
of the Presbyterian Church. Mr. Harris has
a farm of 310 acres. He is Independent in
politics. Has been a member of the County
Board for six years, representing. Martins-
ville Township two years and York Township
four years; is still a member, giving general
satisfaction. He was conspicuous in the
Briscoe campaign, concerning the County
Clerk's office. Mr. Harris possesses quite a
fund of useful knowledge; is qualified to fill
almost any county office.
YORK TOWNSHIP.
175
A. HARRISON, surveyor, West Union,
born June 29, 1840, in this county. His
great-grandfather was William H. Harrison^
■who was a distant relative to Gen. Harrison's
ancestors. He was born in England; his son,
William H, Jr.. was born in Virginia; he
was married in North Carolina, to Mary Ann
Reason, who was the mother of four sons and
three daughters. William H. HaiTison, Jr.,
was a surveyor by occupation; he died 1850.
He entered land in this county in 1816. His
son, Henry, was also a surveyor. His second
son, Robert, was born 1811, in North Caro-
lina; he died 184-1 in Clark County. He
came to this county in 1818, he was married
here to Sophronia Howerton, born in Ten-
essee, 1815, she is yet living, and the mother
of three sons and two daughters, viz. : Nancy
Ann, Abram, James, William H., Sophronia.
Our subject was educated in this county; he
was joined in matrimony, December 24, 1872,
near Sullivan, Ind., to Alice M. Goodwin,
born in Coshocton County, Ohio, in March,
1850. She is a daughter of James C. and
Catharine (McKee) Goodwin, the former came
from Pennsylvana and the latter from Ohio.
Mr. Harrison adheres to the " Friends
Church " (or Quaker). Mrs. Harrison adheres
to the " Old Presbyteran Church. " Mr. Har-
rison is a practical surveyor; he is a member
of the Masonic fraternity, York Lodge, No.
313. He has 178 acres of land, to the culti-
vation of which he devotes most of his time.
He is a Greenbacker in politics.
WILLIAM B. HODGE, York, born May
23, 1818, in TeiTe Haute, Ind. He is a
grandson,of Lewis Hodge, Sr., who was a
soldier in the British service in the Revolu-
tion. His son, Lewis Hodge, Jr., was a cab-
inet-maker, also a Royal Arch Mason. His
Bon, William B was clerking in a general
store in Ten-e Haute in his early life. In
December 28, 1843, he came to York, 111.,
where he opened a general store, kept it till
1849, when he went to California, where he
gold-mined on the Yuba River. He returned
in 1851. Since then he has followed farm-
ing and milling mainly. He owns a mill yet
and also the old home farm of 160 acres.
Mr. Hodge was joined in matrimony Janu-
ary 1, 1846, in York, 111., to Callista Hille-
bert, born October 10, 1827, in York, III. She
was a daughter of James C. and Charlotte
(Rathbone) Hillebert, and the mother of six
children, viz.: Hem-y G., born February
17, 1847; Mary A., born September 30, 1848;
William B., born April 7, 1853; Charlotte
H., born November 22, 1856, wife of James
Chew; Alice C, born September 19, 1859,
wife of O. Lowe; and Margaret, born August
5, 1872. Mrs. Hodge died January 27, 1876.
Mr. Hodge has been Township Clerk, School
Director, Justice of the Peace, for twelve
years, and is now a Notary Public. He was
formerly a Whig, but is now a Republican in
politics.
H. G. HODGE, merchant, York, born Feb-
ruary 17, 1847, in York, Clark County, 111.
Ho is a son of William B. Hodge, who has
also been a merchant in this place for many
years. Mr. Hodge was educated in York,
111. After his school days were over, he en-
tered his father's general store as clerk,
where he stayed about five years, and then
entered into partnership with him; he con-
tinued in that for one year, and then became
a tiller of the soil for two years. Since then
he has followed various occupations. He was
joined in matrimony, December 22, 1872, in
this county, to Miss Sarah Park, born No-
vember 23, 1850, near Newark, in Licking
County, Ohio. She is a daughter of John
P. and Nancy (Hull) Park, who came from
Ohio. Mrs. Hodge is a member of the Meth-
odist Episcopal Church, and the mother of
four children now living, viz. : Mary, born
176
BIOGRAPHICAL:
July 6, 1873; Nancy, August 24, 1877; Fanny
M., born May 12, 1880; William H., born
July 27, 1882. Mr. Hodge is a member of
tbe Masonic Erateruity, York Lodge, No. 313,
of which he is Secretary. He has been Town-
ship Assessor and Collector; in politics, he is
connected wifh the Republican party. Mr.
Hodge is an antiquarian of considerable re-
nown, having made it a specialty since
1880.
ADAM HULL, farmer, P. O. West Union,
born May 25, 1830, in Licking County, Ohio.
He is a grandson of William Hull, who came
from Virginia; he died in Licking County,
Ohio. He served in the war of 1812. His
son, Daniel, was born 1803, in Virginia; he
married Mary Brown, born 1806, in Pennsyl-
vania. She is a daiighter of Adam and Mary
Brown, and is the mother of eight children,
of whom Sarah Handy, Martha Kreager and
Adam are now living. Mr. Adam Hull came
to this county with his parents, in the fall of
1850; he was joined in matrimony here,
November 28, 1852, to Miss Mary Handy,
born February 1, 1829, in Melrose Township.
She is a daughter of Stephen D. Handy, born
May 15, 1792; he died September 23, 1852,
a ranger in the Blackhawk war. participating
in the battle of Tippecanoe and others. Her
mother was Margaret (Dixon) Handy, born
July 30, 1798; she died January 11, 1862;
she was married July 17, 1815. They came
to thip county in 1816. Mi-s. Hull is the
mother of two children, viz. : Maggie M., born
October 15, 1853; she died February 22, 1878,
the former wife of E. H. Swineheart; and
Daniel W., born October 8. 1861. Mr. Hull
and family are members of the Methodist
Episcopal Church. He is identified with the
Greenback party, in politics.
E. A. JACKSON, merchant, York, born
June 26, 1841. near Terre Haute, Ind.,
grandson of John Jackson, Esq., who settled
in Terre Haute when there were only three
houses; he raised cotton there. His son,
Abraham, born May 8, 1807, died February
19, 1852. He married Nancy Ann Brown,
born May 21, 1821; died December 10, 1850,
daughter of Elisha U. Brown, Esq., the well
known pioneer of Vigo County, Ind. Mrs.
N. A. Jacksou was the mother of Cordelia
H., wife of Rev. E. R. Lathrop, of Minnesota,
former Chaplain of Tenth Minnesota Regi-
ment; Eliza B. Lee; Albert C, a member of
Sixth Indiana Cavalry, was captured in tjen.
Stoneman's raid in Georgia, 1864; six months
a prisoner; and our subject, who enlisted
April 17, 1861, in First Minnesota Regiment,
Company F, the first three-year regiment. He
participated in the battle of Bull Run, Va.,
was honorably discharged, re-enlisted in 1863,
Illinois Infantry, was transferred, and served
two years in United States Signal Corps,
Army of Tennessee, Lieut. W. H. Sherfy.
Was" with Sherman from 1862 till 1864, at
I tl^ battle of Atlanta, Ga., when he returned
1 home. Mr. Jackson was joined in matrimony
September 26, 1867, in York, to Miss Mary
A. Hodge, born September 30, 1848, in York,
daughter of William B. and Callista jHille-
bert) Hodge. She is the mrjther of four chil-
dren, now living, viz.; Henry A., born
December 10, 1869 ; Eva A. , born September
19, 1876; Jessie M., December 10, 1878; and
Howard O., June 24, 1882. Mr. and Mrs.
Jackson are members of the Methodist Epis-
copal Church. He is a Mason, Terre Haute
Lodge, No. 19, also an I. O. O. F. of York,
Star Lodge, No. — . Mr. Jackson served
three years and four months in our,late war.
He is also a member of the G. A. R., York
Post, No. 148; which was organized mainly
through his exertions. He is an Anti-Mo-
nopolist in politics. Mr. Jackson was for-
merly a student at the Asbury College, In-
' diana. He is also an heir to the famous
YORK TOWNSHIP.
17 T
" Anneke Jans estate," which is valued at
$317,000,000.
JOHN KETCHUM, druggist, York. This
gentleman represents one of our old pioneer
families, who camo here when this country
Ti-as yet a wilderness, and the woods were
tilled with wild beasts and wilder men. He
was born October 26, 1829, in York, 111.
His father, William Ketchum, was born Octo-
ber, 1781, in New York; he died January 19,
1839. in York; he was a carpenter by occu-
pation. He married Harriet J. Sparks, born
January 5, 1798, in New York; she died May
5, 1878, in York. She was the mother of
foui' childi'en, viz. : Maria, Lydia J., Car-
oline, and John, who went to school in York,
in eai'ly life he learned and followed the
wagon-maker's trade ; but the last twenty-live
years he has followed the mercantile business.
He is now keeping a drug store and the post
oifiee. He was joined in matrimony, Feb-
ruary 17, 1876, in York, III., to Miss Emily
Wait, born April 27, 1850, in Ohio. She is
a daughter of James and Almina Ann (Will-
cox) Wait, and the mother of two children,
viz.: William James, born February 11,
1877, and John Milton, born April 2, 1880.
Mrs. Ketchum is a member of the Presbyte-
rian Church. Ml'. Ketchum is a member of the
Masonic fraternity, York Lodge, No. 313.
Ho is no office seeker; in politics, he is con-
nected with the Republican party.
' SAMUEL LACY, farmer, P. O. West Un-
ion, boi'n July 20, 1826, on Union Prairie.
He is a son of Evau Lacy, born 1796, in
Perquimons County, N. C. ; he died June 28,
1829, on Union Prairie. He came to this
county in 1816; he was also married here in
1820, to Miss Abigail Prevo, born October 6,
1800, in Randolph County, N. C. ; sh3 is yet
living with her son, Joseph Brooks. She was
the mother of seven children. Mrs. Evan
Lacy was a daughter of Samuel and Jano
(Lee) Prevo, who came here in 1817. IL'.
Samuel Lacy was joined in matrimony, Hep-
tember 7, 1848, in Crawford County, to Zil-
pha Jane Cos, born January 19, 1829, in
Crawford County. She died March 9, 1877.
She was the daughter of Thomas and Debo-
rah (Lindley) Cox, who raised eight children.
Mrs. Lacy was the mother of eight children,
viz.: Robert, born August 18, 18-t9, he mar-
ried Viola Martz," in Rice County, Kan. ;
William, born June 28, 1851; Evan, born
November 23, 1853; Mary E., born Aj)ril 6,
1856, wife of Allen C. Evringham, and the
mother of Alma J. ; Samuel, born Septem-
ber 28, 1859; Eliza, born April 4, 1862, wife
of Richard H. Hoge; Hannah, born April 13,
1866; Martha M., born July 23, 1869. In
1870, Mr. Lacy was elected Sheriff of Clark
County, serving one term. He has been
Township Trustee and also a member of the
County Board. He is a member of the Bap-
tist Church. Mr. Lacy has a farm of 120
acres, and in politics he is identified with the
Democratic party.
S. W. LINDLEY, farmer, P. O. West Union.
This gentleman ropreisents another of our
pioneer families who came here when the dark
forest was filled with wild beasts and wilder
men; he was born August 2, 1837, in Craw-
ford Coimty. He is a grandson of Hemy
Harrison, who came to this county in 1816.
Our subject's father, Samuel Lindley, was
born in North Carolina; he died 1838, in
Crawford County. He was married to a Miss
Conrad, who died in Crawford County; she
was the mother of four children. Mr. S.
Lindley was married a second time to Mary
Harrison, who is the mother of foiu- children;
Rebecca, Elizabeth, deceased, Mary Jane and
Samuel W., who was educated in this county
where he was also married, January 22,
1860, to Miss Hetty Ann Pyle, born Decem-
ber 24, 1840, in Licking Countj, Ohio; she
178
BIOGRAPHICAL:
is a daughter of William and Sarah (Brown)
Pyle, and is the mother of six children, viz. :
Henrietta, deceased; William, born July 22,
1862; Sarah E., born December 12, 1864;
Astoria, born July 26, 1866; Frank, born
February 28, 1868; and Samuel, born Feb-
ruary 25, 1871. Mr. and Mrs. Lindley are
members of the Methodist Episcopal Church.
He is a member of the Masonic fraternity,
York Lodge, No. 313. Mr. Lindley has 435
acres of land. On the place where he is now
living is a block-house, built by his grand-
father, Hem-y Harrison, in 1816. Mr. Lind-
ley has filled school offices, he has also been
a member of the County Board. He is
identified with the Republican party.
W. J. MALONE, farmer, P. O. West Un-
ion. This gentleman was born March 6, 1819,
in Limestone County, Ala. He is a great-
grandson of W. J. Malone, Sr., born in Ire-
land. His son, William J., Jr., was born in
the same country; he came to this country
with his parents, before the Revolution, in
which he took an active part. After being
taken prisoner by the English and paroled,
his father was robbed and tortured by the
Tories, whereupon he burnt his parole and
again entered the army, serving under Gen.
P. Marion till close of war. He was married
to Mary McFarland, a Welsh lady. He was
the father of six boys and four girls. His
son, Solomon S., was born 1797, in South
Carolina; he died 1857, in Darwin. He and
his half-brother, William J., served in the
war of 1812; receiving a grant of land in this
county for hie services. He was married, in
Alabama, to Jane Moore, born in 1800; she
died, 1837, in this county. She was a
daughter of Mr. Alexander Moore, the pro-
prietor of Moorsville, Tenn. Mrs. S. S. Ma-
lone was the mother of four boys and three
girls. Our subject came to this county with
his parents, in 1830. He was also married
here, November 18, 1847, to Miss Eunice D.
Rardin, born April 1, 1828, in Fountain
• County, Ind. ; she died November 12, 1876;
her memory is cherished by all who knew her.
[ She was a daughter of Timothy and Catha-
I rine (Dolson) Rardin, and the mother of seven
children now living, viz.: Mary C, born
September 10, 1848; Jane, born April 13,
1855, wife of Clarence Prevo; Samuel C,
born February 5, 1858; Harriet, born Feb-
ruary 18, 1860; Augustin, born April
15, 1865; Eunice D., born March 30,
1869; and Anna, bom June 21, 1874. Mr.
! Malone is a member of he Cumberland Pres-
byerian Church. He is also a member of the
Masonic fraternity, York Lodge, No. 313.
He and his family have 265 acres of land.
In politics, he is a Democrat, though liberal
in his views.
H. L. MARVIN, farmer and stockman, P.
O. Walnut Prairie, born June 18, 1819, in
Onondaga County, N. Y. He is a son of Eli
I Marvin, born in Vermont; he died be-
fore the war; he married Anna Robinson,
born in New York; she died in this county.
She is the mother of five children, three girls
and two boys. Mi-. Marvin came to this
county with his parents, in 1837. He was
married here to Adeline Marvin, born 1821,
in this county ; she died here in 187S. She
was the mother of eight children, viz.: Mary,
wife of R. Alexander, Rachel, wife of Charly
Poorman; Albert M., he married Mrs. Tamar
Shawler ; Emeline, deceased, formerly the wife
of Samuel Prevo; Franklin P., he married
Elizabeth Wapper; John, William and Dora
are deceased. Mr. Marvin was joined in
matrimony a second time. May 11, 1880, to
Emily Horner, born January 7, 1834, in this
county. She is a daughter of George and
Frances (Pitts) Horner, and the mother of
one little girl. Maggie May, born December
9, 1882. Mr. Marvin has been School Di-
YORK TOWNSHIP.
181
rector and Township Commissioner; he is liv-
ing ou a farm of 220 acres with good improve-
ments. He has altogether, 965 acres of land
in different townships. Mrs. Marvin is a
member of the Methodist Church. Mr. Mar-
vin is mainly a self-made man. In politics,
he is connected with the Kepublican party.
WILLIAM MARVIN, farmer, P. O. Wal-
nut Prairie. This gentleman was born July
2, 1833, in this township. He is a son of
Barnabas Marvin, born December 23, 1795,
in Vermont. He was married March 5, 1820,
on La Motte Prairie, near Palestine, to Kachel
Butterlield, born July 5, 1792, in Vermont;
she died April 8, 1860, at the home of our
subject. She was the mother of seven chil-
dren, of whom only William and his brother
John are now living. Mr. B. Marvin was a
soldier in the war of 1812, participating in
the battle of Fort Meigs. He died May 17,
1838, in this township. Our subject was ed-
ucated in this county where he was also mar-
ried, Februai-y 12, 1861, to Miss Susan C.
Jordan, born May 15, 1839, in Virginia;
she died June 8, 1861, in this county. Mr.
Marvin was joined in matrimony a second
time, September 17, 1865, to Miss Lucetta
Johnson, born May 18, 1845; she is a daugh-
ter of William and Mary (Stevens) Johnson,
and the mother of four children, viz. : Julia
F., born September 12, 1866; Flora A. born
March 24, 1869; Mary L-, born September
20, 1871 ; Anna P., born January 27, 1876.
Mr. and Mrs, Marvin are member of the Pres-
byterian Church. He has been Township
School Treasurer ever since 1869; has been
Justice of Peace for four years. Mr. Mar-
vin has 460 acres of fine land with good
buildings. He is a Mason, Darwin Lodge,
No. 551, and in politics he is identified with
the Republican party. Mr. McU'vin obeyed
the call of his country to protect the stars
and stripes, by enlisting September, 1861,
in the Tenth Illinois Infantry Volunteers,
Company G, Capt. J.D. Mitchell, participat-
ing in man}' thi'illing scenes and famous
battles, among others that of Mission Ridge.
He served three years.
AMBROSE MILAM, magistrate, West Un-
ion, born January 28, 1831, in Sullivan
County, Ind. He is a grandson of Moses
Milam, born in Virginia. His son, William,
was born in Kentucky; he moved to Sullivan
County, Ind., with his parents; he died in
1847, in this county. He was married in
Sullivan County, Ind., to Sarah South, who
was born in Kentucky; she died at the home
of her son, Ambrose, in this county, she
was the mother of thirteen children. Our
subject went to school in Sullivan aud Clark
Counties. He was a farmer by occupation
in early life, and yet owns 71 acres of land
besides town property. Mr. Milam was
joined in matrimony, Februaiy 5, 1854, on
Walnut Prairie, in York Township, to Ellen
Adams, born September 30, 1829, in Ohio.
She is a daughter of John C. and Grace (Hay)
Adams, the former was born in Delaware,
and the latter in South Carolina. Mrs. Mi-
lam is the mother of four children, viz.:
William B., born December 10, 1854; Alice,
born April 22, 1857; Henry Walter, born
May 29, 1861, he was married to Alice L.
Drake, a widow lady; she is a daughter of
Hiram and Sarah (Snider) Lee; and Ulysses
G., born July 23, 1867. Mr. Milam has
filled the following township offices: Com-
missioner of Highway, Constable, Assessor
three terms. Tax Collector, and Justice of
the Peace. He is independent in politics,
voting for the best man.
JAMES A. MITCHELL, farmer, P. O.
Walnut Prairie. This gentleman was born
November 17, 1848, in Walnut Prairie,
grandson of James A. Mitchell, Sr., whose
son, John Doke, born in Tennessee, receiv
182
BIOGRAPHICAL:
ing his academic education in Paris, 111.,
where he also commenced the study of medi-
cine under Dr. Denbrook, which he finished
in Louisville, Ky., and Philadelphia, Penn.
He is now practicing in Terre Haute. He
was Captain of Company G, of the Tenth
Illinois Regiment Volunteers, in our late
war. ,He was afterward a Surgeon in the
Freedman's Hospital, in Vicksburg, Miss.
He was married to Elizabeth H. Welsh,
daughter of James Welsh, one of the
first settlers in this county. She is the
mother of eight children now living, viz. :
James A.; Mary A., wife of Samuel Prevo;
William L., Orlando, who is now a doctor in
Marshall; Anna, Nannie, Robert and John.
Ml', and Mrs. Mitchell are members of the
Presbyterian Church. Mr. Mitchell is iden-
tified with the Republican party. Mr. Mitch-
ell was joined in matrimony, June 29, 1871,
in this county, to Emma R. Anderson, born
June 2, 1852, in Hagerstown. Md., daughter
of James and Adelaide M. (Dasher) Ander-
son, and the mother of three children —
James D., born November 7, 1872; Estella
M., born July 7, 1874; and William O., born
Sejitember 6, 1875; he died September 29,
1877. Mrs. Mitchell is a teacher of vocal
and instrumental music.
JAMES A MOUNT, farmer, P. O. Wal-
nut Prairie. This gentleman was born Jan-
uary 27, 1836, in this county, son of John
L. Mount, born in Kentucky; died in Indi-
ana; he married Tamer Megeath, born 1812,
in Virginia. She is now living in Marshall.
She was married a second time to J . Hoge.
She is the mother of three childi-en, now liv-
ing, viz.: John L., he married Percilla
Bishop; Emily Hoge, wife of S. C. Prevo;
and James A., who went to school in this coun-
ty. He has been a farmer all his life. He
was joined in matrimony April 2, 1863, to
Mary C. Brown, born December 29, 1839,
near Terre Haute, daughter of James M. and
Hannah (Hickey) Brown, and the mother of
six children. Their names are Clayton B.,
born April 2, 1864; John C, born April 7,
1866, he died February 26, 1883; James V..
born November 7, 1868; Madison H, bora
May 28, 1871; Mary Ann, born March 4,
1875; and Emma H., born November
29, 1879. Ml-, and Mrs. Mount are
members of the Presbyterian Church. He
has a farm of 140 acres. Has been School
Director. In politics, he has been connected
with the Republican party. Mrs. Mount's
mother, Hannah Hickey, was the first white
child born in Orange County, Ind. , on Lost
River. Mrs. Mount's great grandfather and
uncle were killed in the battle of Tippecanoe.
WILLIAM MURPHY, grain merchant.
West Union, born October 7, 1823, in Lou-
doun County, Va. He is a son of Amos A.
Murphy, born in Virginia, near the Blue
Ridge Mountains; he died 1879, in this coun-
ty. He was married to Mary Warford, laorn
1804, in Loudoun County, Va. ; she is yet liv-
ing. She is the mother of ten children.
Her father, William Warford, son of Abram
and Hannah Warford, was born August 15,
1766. Her mother, Hannah Warford, was
born March 7. 1764; she died October 28,
1816. William Warford died April 21, 1835.
Our subject, William Murphy, was married
June 3, 1849, in Lawrence County, 111., to
Hannah J. Warford, born September 22,1830,
in Knox County, Ind. She is a daughter of
David and Mary (Settle) Warford, and the
mother of three children now living, viz.:
Amos P., born June 9, 1850: David A., born
November 6, 1851; Mattie L., born January
29, 1869. Mr. and Mrs. Murphy are mem-
bers of the Christian Church. He was a
farmer in early life, but is now buying grain;
has about six years of experience in the bus-
iness, and is therefore able to give general
YORK TOWNSHIP.
183
satisfaction. He bas yet 370 acres of land,
besides his share in bis father's estate. He
came to this county in 1827, with his parents,
who bought land at SI. 25 per acre. He has |
spent many happy hours in playing with the^
childi-en of an Indian chief. He is a mem-
ber of the York Masonic Lodge, No. 313. In
politics, he has been identified with the Re-
publican party. Mr. William Mui-phy's sons,
David and Amos, are keeping a general store
in West Union; they have about five years
of experience in the business. Amos Mur-
pljy is Postmaster in West Union.
IRA PREVO, farmer, P. O. West Union,
born January 25. 1808, in Randolph County,
N. C. He is a son of Snmuel Prevo, born in
North Carolina; be died iu ibis county. He
married Jane Lee, who was born in Phila-
delphia, Penn. She was the mother of eight
children. Our subject came "to this county
with his parents in 1817, settling on Union
Prairie, over which he has seen the prairie
fire roll three different times. He was a
soldier in the Black Hawk war, going out
with Capt. Archer, but afterward joined Capt.
Richardson's scouting pai-ty. He partici-
pated in the engagement on the Upper Missis-
sippi River. IVIr. Prevo was mairied Novem-
ber 14, 1839, to Amanda Hm-st, bom March
4, 1818, in Fairfax County, Va. She was
the mother of tlu-ee children now living, viz. :
Emily, born November 22, 1850, wife of
Henry Irwin; Orra, was bom February 25,
1853, wife of J. Bradbury; and James, born
September 4, 184(3. be was joined iu matri-
mony, December 26, 1878, to Miss Anna
Kirby, bom July 12,1849, in Grayson Coun-
ty, Texas, daughter of Isaac and Mary ^Jew-
ell) Kirby. She is the mother of William,
bom December 10. 1879, and Emily O. , born
August 21, 1882. Mrs. A. Prevo died April
3, 1857. Mr. Prevo has a farm of 320 acres
of eood land. He is a member of the Ma-
sonic fraternity, York Lodge. No. 313. He
has filled school offices, and in politics he is
connected with the Democratic party.
HENRY PREVO, farmer, P. O. West York,
born November 14, 1 813, in North Carolina.
He is a son of Samuel Prevo, born in Dela-
ware; be died in 1843, on the olu iiome place
owned now by his son Henry. Samuel Prevo
was married in North ('arolina to Jane Lee,
who was born in North Carolina; she died
1850 in this county. She was the mother of
eight children. Our subject, Henry Prevo,
came to this county in 1817 with bis parents;
he was educated in this county, where he was
also mai-ried, Jutiie 10, 1843, to Miss Amy
Lindley, born January 14, 1826, in' Craw-
ford County; she died March 23, 1877, in
this county. She was the daughter of Sam-
uel Lindley, and the mother of four children,
viz.: Samuel C. Prevo, born August 7, 1847,
he married Lida Kelley, now deceased, she
was the mother of Alice; Samuel C. was
married a second time to Miss Emma Hoge;
Helen, born March 16, 1854, wife of Alexan-
der Biyce, and the mother of Mabel and
Ethel; Alice, born August 7, 1858, wife of
John Morton, and the mother of Mary Amy:
Charlie, born September 21, 1862. Mr. Prevo
is a member of the Masonic fraternity. He
has 400 acres of land with good improvements.
Mr. Prevo well remembers when droves of
deer and troops of Indians roamed over this
county. In politics, he is a straight Demo-
crat, having seen no reason why he should
change his political views.
SAMUEL PREVO, farmer. Walnut Prai-
rie. This gentleman is a descendant of one
of our pioneer families, who came to this
county when the forest was fillnd with wild
beasts and wilder men. He was bom Decem-
ber 29, 1840, in this township. He is a grand-
son of Samuel Prevo, Sr., born in France: he
lived many years in North Carolina, from
184
BIOGRAPHICAL:
whence he came to this county with his wife
and children. His son, Samuel Prevo, who
is the father of our subject, was born October
4, 1802; he died 1850, while a member of the
Legislature, representing his native and ad-
joining counties. He was married to Eliza-
beth Evans, born December 24, 1810, she
died February 26, 1852. She was the mother
of five grown children: William, Albert,
Samuel, Abigail, deceased, the former wife
of H. Holladay; and Jane, wife of R.Hvitch-
ison. Our subject, Samuel Prevo, was edu-
cated in this county, where he was also
joined in matrimony, November 25, 1868, to
Miss Mai-y Mitchell, born September 27,
1850, in Darwin. She is a daughter of Dr.
John D. Mitchell, now a resident of Terre
Haute, and is the mother of three children
now living, viz. : John D., born January 25,
1810; Edith, born June 1, 1878; and Her-
bert, born April 7, 1880. Mr. Prevo has
filled school .offices; he is a member of the
Masonic fraternity, Darwin Lodge, No. 551.
He obeyed the call of his country by enlist-
ing, August 20, 1861, for the three years'
term, in the Thii-ty-first Indiana Infantry
Volunteers, Company A, participating in
many thrilling scenes and battles, among
others Shiloh, Stone River, Chickamauga,
Perryville and others. Mr. Prevo has 260
acres <>f land. In politics, he is a Democrat.
Mrs. Prevo is a grand-daughter of James
Welsh, who may with right be classed among
the early pioneers.
STEPHEN PRITCHARD, hotel keeper,
York. This gentleman is the oldest living
settler in York. He was born March 28. 1810
in Hamilton County, Ohio. His grandfather
Stephen Pritchard, Sr. , was of foreign birth
His son, Reese Pritchard. was born in Win
Chester, Va. ; he died in Marshall, Clark
County, 111. He married Sarah Peaters
born in Vermont; she died in Clark County
111. She was the mother of Stephen, Reese,
Housen, David, John, Sarah, Lydia and
Mary. Our subject came to this county in
1825, with his parents, who were fanners.
He was a tiller of the soil in early life. In
1832, he took to the river, running from here
to the different points on the Ohio and Mis-
sissippi, making twenty-two trips on flat-
boats to New Orleans Mr. Pritchard was
joined in matrimony, in Marshall, III., July
11, 1847, to Miss Mahala Curtis, born April
13 1825, in Zanesville, Ohio. She is the
daughter of Eli and Nancy A. (Thompson)
Curtis, who were born in Virginia. Mr.
Curtis was a cooper by occupation. Mrs.
Pritchard is the mother of seven children,
viz.: Sarah A. and Mary are deceased;
Charles T., born November 15, 1851, he mar-
ried Nancy McCrary, who is the mother of
Vernon Pritchard; Emma Jane, born Feb-
ruary 13, 1854, wife of E. Swineheart, and
mother of Myi'tle R. ; Reese H. , born August
26, 1856; Lucy G., born December 30, 1858;
George, born June 14, 1860, he was married
to Can"ie Combs, deceased. Mrs. Pritchard
is a member of the Methodist Protestant
Church. Mr. Pritchard was a pilot on the
river for twenty-five years, never losing a ves-
sel. He was on the " Ben Sherd " when that
vessel was burnt, below Natchez, with a loss
of nearly 300 men. He has followed farm-
ing and hotel keeping the latter part of his
life. He was formerly a Whig, but now is
a Republican in politics.
C. D. RYERSON, physician. West Union.
The gentleman whose name heads this sketch
was born June 14, 1854, in Turman Town-
ship, Sullivan County, Ind., on what is known
as the"old Ryerson homestead." His grand-
father, David Ryerson, was born in Germany.
He came to the United States while a young
man, settling in Newark, N. J., from there
he went to Terre Haute, Ind., where he fol-
YORK TOWNSHIP.
185
lowed the carpenter trade with his brother-
in-law, Elijah Leak. He hnally settled in
Sullivan County, where he was killed by the
falling of a tree, in 185G. He was married
to Martha Leak, who was the mother of four
children, viz.: Byron, Mai-y, Martha and
Anna. He was married to Matilda Wil-
son, who died March 17, 1879, in York.
She was a daughter of John and Abigail (Evans)
Wilson, and themother of twochildi-en, Charles
D. and Nellie, by her first husband; and
seven children, Frederick G., Caroline, Grant,
Maud, William. John and Mary, by her sec-
ond husband, aa she was married a second
time to Perry Murphy. Our subject was
partly self-educated, but he finished his med-
ical education in Cincinnati, Ohio, graduat-
ing March 1, 1881. He practiced two years
in York. Mr. Ryerson was married, April
19, 1881, in this county, to Miss Emma
Myers, born November 1. 1858, in this coun-
ty, daughter of George F. and Margaret
(Murphy) Myers, and the mother of Cai-l,
bom April 24, 1882. Mr. Ryerson is a mem-
ber of the Masonic fi-aternity, York Lodge,
No. 313, and also of the I. O. O. F., York
Star Lodge, No. 419. He is identified with
the Republican party.
MRS. MARY SPENCER, Terre Haute,
bom February 18, 1840, in Marshall, Clark
County, 111.; she was educated in Mar-
shall, 111., and at St. Marys, Ind. Mrs.
Spencer was for many j^ears a resident of
Clark County, where she is remembered ae a
very reserved lady, whose unimproved op-
portunities for doing good were few. She
is a grand-daughter of Charles K. Arch-
er, born in Kentucky; he died in this
county. He is a brother of Col. William
Archer, who is mentioned in our general
history. Mrs. Spencer is a daughter of Wake-
field Williams, who is also mentioned in oui-
general history. Mrs. Spencer was joined
in matrimony in this county to Nathan Bes-
ser, born in this county; he died near Corinth
while in the army. His two sons, Frank W.
and Walter N., were born, viz.: Frank W.,
October 14, 1859, and Walter N. , June 13,
1861; the latter is keeping a general store in
Walnut Prairie. Mrs. Spencer was married
a second time to Rev. Thomas Spencer, a
minister of the Presbyterian Church. He
was born in Vermont; he died while working
in the ministry in Palestine, 111., where his
memory is cherished by all who knew him.
Mrs. Spencer is now a resident of Terre
Haute, Ind. She is a member of the Pres-
byterian Church.
S. R. WILSON, physician, York. This
gentleman was born February 20, 1858, in
Sullivan County, Ind. He is a grandson of
John W^ilson, born in Kentucky. He is
an ex-Sheriff of Marion County, Ind. He
married Casander Steel, who was the mother
of six children. John Wilson was a soldier
in the Mexican war. His son, Charlie,
was born in Sullivan County, Ind., and
died in same place. He was also mar-
ried in Sullivan County, to Miss Sadoua
Wilson. She was married a second time to
John Brewer, now deceased. She is yet liv-
ing and the mother of one son, Samuel Rol-
lins, our subject, who received his classical
education in Sullivan County, Ind., and his
medical ediicatiou in Cincinnati, Ohio, and
Louisville, Ky., graduating in the latter
place on February 25, 1881. Shortly after
graduating. Dr. Wilson permanently located
in York, Clark County, 111., where he enjoys
the patronage and confidence of the town and
siuTounding country. He was also joined in
matrimony here, December 25, 1881, to Miss
Rosalie Nicoson, born in Sullivan County,
Ind. Dr. Wilson is a member of the Odd
Fellows fraternity, York Star Lodge, No.
419. In politics, he is a Republican.
186
BIOGRAPHICAL:
MELROSE TOWNSHIP.
EBENEZER BARTLETT was born in
Clark County, 111., in 1820, and was a son of
James and Hannah Bartlett, of whom men-
tion has been made. He grew to manhood
under the| pressure of pioneer life, which
only the better qualitied him for the realities
of life when he was called to confront them.
He was married, February 14, 1843, to Miss
Malinda Edwards, daughter of Joseph and
Hannah Edwards. She was born in Daviess
County, Ind., October 9, 1822, and in 1832
came to this county from Indiana with her
parents. Her father, Joseph Edwards, was
born in the town of Viucennes, or what was
then an Indian trading post in Southern In-
diana. He was born March 5, 1795. The
mother, Hannah Morgan, was born June 3,
1797, in South Carolina. They were mar-
ried in Indiana, and had a family of twelve
children, of whom Mrs. Bartlett is the fourth.
Mr. Edwards died in Melrose Township, in
November, 1856, and the mother in same
place October 8, 1875. They were members
of the Methodist Episcopal Chiirch. The
family of Ebenezer Bartlett consists of ten
childi'en, of whom one is dead — Anna M.
Bartlett was born December, 1844, married
to Morton Wilson; Matilda Bartlett, born
September 23, 1845, married to Dr. Baker;
William W. Bartlett, born March 3, 1847,
killed in battle near City Point, Va. , June
17, 1864; Sarah L. Bartlett, born December
8, 1848, she is a veteran teacher of fifteen
years' experience, and stands in the front
rank of her profession; James Bartlett, born
March 5, 1855, married to Josephine Trasper ;
Giles E. Bartlett, born February 19, 1853,
married to Roanna Gard; Mary A. Bartlett,
born January 29, 1856; George Bartlett, born
June 15, 1858; Charles L. Bartlett, born
September 20, 1860; Albert Bartlett, born
October 29, 1862. They have a farm of
about 200 acres in Melrose Township.
WARREN BARTLETT, farmer, P. O.
West Union. Among the most successful
farmers of Melrose Township may be men-
tioned Warren Bartlett. He is a native of
Clark County, 111., born May 20, 1825, and
raised within half a mile of his present home.
His father, James Bartlett, was born in York
State, in May, 1792, where he grew to ma-
turity and married to Hannah M. Tuladay,
of York State. She was born about 1793.
They settled near York, this county, in 1818,
where they made a residence of one year, re-
moving then to what is now Melrose Town-
ship. Here he entered a tract of land and
proceeded to make for himslf a home of the
then wild country. At that time there were
very few families in the county, and of course
this family witnessed all of the hardships
incident to an untamed country, tilled with
their native inhabitants, Indians. Our sub-
ject vividly remembers the roving tribes
which occupied the country, and used to
amuse the elder people by wrestling with
yoiing Indian lads. Mr. Bartlett raised a
family of six children who grew to maturity,
besides three which died in youth. Of this
family the subject is the sixth. The mother
died in this county in 1833, and the father,
in June, 1871, having spent tifty-three years
of his life in this county. He was a member
of the Masonic fraternity, and was buried
MELROSE TOWNSHIP.
187
•with the honors of that ancient brotherhood.
Warren was given such educational advan-
tages as were to be had, consisting of about
three months each winter. He was married
May 30, 1847, to Miss Sarah Ann Smith,
daughter of John and Charlotte Smith. She
was born in Ohio, March 7, 1825, and came
to this county with her parents in 1846, and
died here on the 'id of August, 1878,
leaving a family of ten children, of whom one
is deceased. She was for several years a
member of the Methodist Episcopal Church,
and the last ten or twelve years was a mem-
ber of the United Brethren Church. De-
voted to her church and to her family, the
loss in her death is felt by a large circle of
friends, whose confidence and love she en-
joyed in the fullest degree, but more espe-
cially by her husband and family, to whom
she appears to have performed the office of a
guardian angel. The record of the family is
as follows: Delilah H., born June 4, 1848,
married to Thomas J. Suavely; Perry C. Bart-
lett, born September 8, 1851, married Miss
Sarah Janney, two children, viz. : Ethelbert
and Avery B. Bartlett; Charlotte M., born
June 23, 1853, married Jeremiah Grant, and
died November, 1876, leaving two children,
viz. : Edward Grant and Nellie F. Grant,
the former in the family of Joseph Smith,
and the latter a member of subject's family;
Martha A. Bartlett, born January 30, 1855;
Jeflerson Bartlett, born April 7, 1857; Ire-
dell Bai-tlett, born February 2, 1859; Warren,
born May 6, 1861, mairied to Mary J. Scott,
widow of James Scott, and daughter of
James W. and Mary J. Boyles, one child,
Dora May Scott; Joseph Bartlett, born De-
cember 14, 1862; William N. Bartlett, born
October 7, 1865; Edward E. Bartlett, born
August 18, 1869. Mr. "Warren Bartlett is a
member of the United Brethren Church, and
labors assiduously for the promotion of tem-
perance or total abstinence.
PERRY BARTLETT, farmer, P. O. Walnut
Prairie, is a native of Clark County, 111., and
born September 8, 1851. He is a son of
W^arren and Sarah A. (Smith) Bartlett, of
whom mention has already been made.
Perry Bartlett was raised in Melrose Town-
ship, and received the elements of an Eng-
lish education in the common schools of the
county. In 1871 (September 1), he was mar-
ried to Miss Sarah B. Janney, daughter of
Isaiah B. and Hannah S. Janney. She was
! also born in Clark County, on March 23,
I 1850 (for biography of her parents see biog-
raphy of Sumner Maring). Their family
consists of two sons, viz. ; Ethelbert Bartlett,
I born November 20, 1872; Avery B. Barnett,
1 born March 2, 1875. Mrs. Bartlett is a
member of the United Brethren Church.
Subject owns a farm of 122 acres, on which
in 1880 they erected a handsome frame resi-
dence; farm situated in Section 1 of Melrose
Township. Politics, Republican. His farm
bears the imprint of an industrious and sys-
tematic management, and it is only a matter
of time when his influence will be forcibly
felt in the community.
SOLOMON BROWN, Sr., farmer, P. O.
Walnut Prairie, is a native of Licking Coun-
ty, Ohio, where he was born October 22,
1823. and was a resident of Licking County
until coming to this county, in 1849. He
was raised on the farm and was the seventh
of a family of eight children of Adam aud
Mary (Cowden) Brown, who came from Fay-
ette County, Penn. , to Ohio, in /the pioneer
days of Licking County, where the mother
died about 1846. The father was born in
1777, and died in Melrose Township, Clark
County, about 1857. Solomon Brown was
married, in Licking County, Ohio, to Miss
Sarah Casteel, who died in Brazil, Ind., leav-
ing two childi-en, Dorcas and John W. Brown,
' the former is the wife of Thomas Hutehi-
188
BIOGRAPHICAL:
son, and the latter married Julia Hunter.
Subject was afterward married to his pres-
ent wife, Nancy Handy, daughter of Stephen
and Margaret Handy, September, i85S. She
was born in this county January 28, 1824
By this union there are two children, viz. :
Daniel Brown, June 30, 18G(); Sarah Brown,
March 31, 1862. He settled where he now
lives in 184U, buying land of George Potter.
Has a farm of 2-19 acres of land in Section
10, except forty acres in Section 11.
NIXON EVANS, farm«r, P. O. West York.
One of the principal farmers of Melrose
Township is the subject of this sketch,
Nixon Evans. He is a native of Paoli, Ind. ,
born December 27, 1814, and is the thir-
teenth of a family of sixteen children of
Benjamin and Rebecca (Willard) Evans.
The parents were both born in North Caro-
lina, and came from Indiana to Illinois in
1816. They then settled in Crawford Coun-
ty, where they remained two years, coming
from there to Clark County, in 1818. The
mother died in 18 23 and the father afterward
mai-ried Mrs. Hannah Moore, by whom he
had a family of eight children. He died in
1851. The circumstances under which he
received his early education were identical
with all other pioneer boys, viz. : Sitting on
a split-log bench in a round-log house with
a puncheon floor, greased paper windows and
eight-foot fireplace, fuel for which was ob-
tained by the larger boys from the adjacent
forest. Subject says he can yet distinctly
remember of his old teacher, Joseph Clay-
pool, addressing them in this way. " Dis-
missed and git wood. " Mr. Evans was mar-
ried, December 15, 1837, to Miss Minerva
Bartlett, daughter of James and Hannah
Bartlett, and was born July 6, 1818, and died
September 17, 1853, having six children,
viz. : Iredell, Warren, Sr. , James, Sr. ; the
two latter dying in youth, their names were
transferred to the next two sons; Warren, Jr.,
and James, Jr., one died unnamed. Subject
was married to his present wife, Clarissa
Hungerford, on November 27, 1853, by whom
there are six children, Chai'Ies H. Evans,
Emily M. Evans, Julia M. Evans, Ulysses
G. Evans. Sai-ah E. Evans, and Clarence
N. Evans; Ulysses G. is deceased. Mrs.
Clarissa Evans was born October 2, 183-1.
Mr. Evans is engaged in farming and
milling, having a mill which he has run
since 1849, commencing with horse power.
He owns a farm of 273 acres of land in
Melrose Township, about 170 in cultiva-
tion. James B., Sr. , born December 19,
1842; James B.. Jr., born October 9, 1846;
Warren B., Sr., born May 13, 1850; War-
ren B., Jr.. born April 22. 1853; Charles,
born Sejitember 1, 1854; Emily M. , born
February 14, 1861; Ulysses G., born February
25, 1866; Lula M., born September 9. 1869;
Sarah E., born May 23. 1871; Clarence, born
February 16. 1876. They are members of
the Methodist Episcoj)al Church. Mr. Evans
has been a minister in that connection since
1836. Politics, Republican.
IREDELL EVANS, farmer, P. O. Mel-
rose, is a son of Nixon and Minerva (Bart-
lett) Evans. He is a native of Clark Coun-
ty, 111., born May 18, 1841, and was raised
in the county, and educated in the common
schools, and in August, 1862, he became a
member of Company I, Seventy-ninth Illi-
nois Volunteer Infantry, from which he was
discharged in spring of 1865, at Nashville,
Tenn. Participated in the battles of Stone
River and Chiekamauga, where he was taken
prisoner, and held at Danville and Richmond
for eight months as a prisoner of wai', dur-
ing which time, in the Danville Prison, he had
small-pox. He was a non-commissioned
officer. After retm-ning home, he became a
student in the Westlield College, where he re-
MELROSE TOW]SrSHIP.
189
mained one year, thus qualifying himself for
the profession of teacher, which he followed
for some years. Mari'ied, in Melrose Town-
ship, October 1, 1867, to Miss Alice Drake,
daughter of Peter and Christina Drake. She
was born in Livingston County, N. Y. , on
the 2yth of September, 184y. Her parents
were also natives of New York; the father
was born November, 1817, and the mother
was born in 1820. She died in the State
of New York, in 1853. and the father
afterward removed to this county in 18G6,
whore he died April 27, 1877. Mr. and
Mrs. Evans have a family of four children,
of whom one is dead, Bartlott J. Evans, born
June 27, 1868, and died July 24, 1870;
Bruce D. Evans, born April 9, 1870; Jennie
G. Evans, born February 9, 1873; Earnest
E., born April 26, 1877. He owns a farm
of 173 acres in Sections 27 and 34 of Melrose
Township. Engaged in stock-raising. He
is Republican and has represented the town-
ship in the capacity of Supervisor, Assessor
and Justice of the Peace.
DAVID FEEEEL, farmer, P. O. Melrose.
Mr. David Ferrel is a native of Licking
County, Ohio, and was born on November
23, 1841 He is the youngest of a family of
nine children of John and Nancy Ferrel.
The father was born near Wheeling, W. Va.,
December 9, 1802, and the mother, Nancy
Wallace, was born April 28, 1825, in same
State. They were maiTied January 18, 1822.
The father died in Licking County June
17, 1849, and the mother February 25, 1872,
in Clark County, 111. Subject grew to man-
hood in his native county, and came to Craw-
ford County with his mother in 1865, where
they lived three years, during which time he
was married. He was married on the 10th
day of February, 1867, to Miss Evaline Blank-
enbeker, daughter of Samuel and Mary
(Hull) Blankenbeker. She was born in In-
diana December 16, 1844. In 1868, Mr.
Ferrel removed to Orange Township, Clark
County, where he lived two years. In Feb-
ruary, 1870, he bought 240 acres in Sections
29, 30 and 31, of Melrose Township. He is
engaged in general farming and stock-raising.
They have a family consisting of six children,
of whom three are deceased, viz. : Infant
daughter, died January 9, 1868, aged twenty-
two days; Ella, born July 14, 1870; Emma,
born October 6, 1872, died" October 30, 1878;
Edward, born October 26, 1874, died August 5.
1875; Samuel, born July 27, 1876; Alice,
born September 5, 1879. They are mem-
bers of the Methodist Episcopal Church, at
Wesley Chapel. Mr. Ferrel is a Democrat,
and has served his township in official capac-
ities.
J. W. FISK, farmer, P. O. Melrose.
Among the more enterprising of the farmers
of Melrose Township should be mentioned
the name of J. W. Fisk. He was born in
Putnam County, Ind., July 10, 1834. His
father, James Fisk, was born in Virginia,
January 5, 1805, and was raised principally
in Kentucky. He was there married in 1822,
to Miss Cassander Frakes, daughter of Jo-
seph Frakes, who was a native of England,
and died at the advanced age of one hun-
dred and six years. He served through
the Eevolution, and was never sick an
hour in his long life, and dropped as an
autumn leaf falls from the bough. Cas-
sander was born in Kentucky about 1807,
and died when William was three years old.
Subject's grandfather on his mother's side
was named John, and was born in England.
He also served through the war of the Revo-
lution. The family is somewhat noted for
its military record. The father of our sub-
ject held the commission of Colonel in the
Mexican war, and William Fisk took part in
the late war, as did also his three brothers,
190
BIOGRAPHICAL:
Robert W., Richard S. and Francis M. Fisk.
William was enlisted in Company A, of the
Thirty-eighth Indiana, but most of his time
was on detailed duty in the Fifteenth Army
Corps, Ordnance Brigade. Discharged July
14, 1865. Took part in all the service of his
corps incident to Sherman's march to the
sea. Received a sunstroke from over fa-
tigue on his return, near the scenes of Bull
Run battle-lield. Mr. Fisk was married in
Clark County. 111., January 25, 1858, to
Miss Sarah A. Dodd, daughter of Emanuel
and Mary J. (Wells) Dodd. Her father was
a native of Licking County, Ohio, born on
the 10th of September 1816, and the mother
was born in what is now Melrose Township,
May 7, 1824. They had a family of three
children, of whom Mrs. Fisk is the first, she
was born in Melrose Village April 2, 1843.
She has a brother, Frank Dodd, resident in
Melrose. One sister, Susanna C. Dodd, born
October 10, 1845, and died in infancy. Sub-
ject has a family consisting of four childi-en,
of whom two are deceased, viz. : Robert W.
Fisk, born November 7, 1858; Albert S. Fisk,
born September 10, 1861, died October 4,
1880; James E. Fisk, born September 21,
1880; Una R. Fisk, born April 21, 1866, died
in infancy. 'Mi: Fisk came to this county
from Indiana in 1856. They settled where
they now live in 1861, having bought a tract
of timber land, which has been cleared and de-
veloped into a beautiful and desirable home.
They now own a tract of 200 acres in Section
19 of Melrose and 80 in Section 24 of
Orange Township; value of land, S80 per acre.
The entire family are members of the Meth-
odist Episcopal Church. Mary J. Dodd died
December 30, 1879, at Melrose, and Eman-
uel Dodd is still living, and a resident of
Martinsville Township. He is married to
Lizzie Connel.
ALLEN T. GARD, farmer, P. O. Walnut
Prairie, is a native of Licking County, Ohio,
born on 19th of August, 1830. His father,
Jeremiah Gard, born in Licking County,
Ohio, March, 1806, and spent his entire life
in his native State. He married, about 1828,
Miss Rosanna Brown, of same county. They
had a family of nine children, of whom Allen
T. is the oldest. The father died at the old
homestead, iu Licking County, where his wife
still survives him;_he died in 1866. Allen T.
Gard was raised and educated in the pioneer
schools of Licking County, during which time
he qualified himself for the position of
teacher, which profession he has followed
since 1857, without missing a winter, which
cannot be said of any other teacher in the
county. He was married in Ohio, August 30,
1853, to Miss Martha A. Garner, daughter of
Edmund and Susan Garner. She was born
in Muskingum County, Ohio, on July 1, 1833.
Her father and mother were born in Vir-
ginia. The father was born in 1776 and
died December 19, 1850. The mother was
born in 1795, and died in 1864. Mrs. Gard
is the youngest of a family of eleven children
of whom four are now living. Mi'. Gard
came to Illinois and Clark County in 1861,
and settled where he now lives on a farm
purchased of Joseph Brown, consisting of
120 acres in Section 11 of Melrose Township.
His family comprises five children, viz.:
Rowena C. Gard, born in Ohio. June 22,
1854, married to Giles Bartlett, of this coun-
ty; Alexander J. , born in Ohio July 25, 1858,
present Township Collector (1882). also in
1881; Horatio V. Gard, born in Illinois
December 30, 1862: Jeremiah Gard, born
November 2. 1866; Edmund Gard, born
August 4, 1871. They are members of
Protestant Methodist Church. Politics,
Democrat, and has served his township as
MELROSE TOWNSHIP.
191
Treasurer since 1803, and now serving
the third term as Justice of the Peace
besides serving as a County Coroner for two
years, and represented his township on the
County Board one year.
WILLIAM A. HANDY, farmer, P O. West
Union, is a native of Clark County, 111.,
born May 19, 1837. He is a son of Stephen
D. and Margaret (Dixon) Handy. The father
was born in York State, about 1792, where
he was reared. He was married at Fort Har-
rison, in Indiana, to Miss Margaret Dixon,
who was a native of Virginia, and was born
in 1803. They settled soon after man-iage
on Union Prairie, of this county, where
they spent the remainder of their lives. The
father died in 1852 and the mother in Janu-
ary, 1862. They had a family of ten chil-
dren, viz.: Eliza, Sarah A., Chester, Joseph,
Nancy, John, Mfvry, Illinois, William A. and
Stephen Handy. Six of these are now living
and residents of this county. Mr. Handy, in
1862 (August), became a member of Com-
pany I, Seventy-ninth Illinois Volunteer In-
fantry, in which he served imtil discharged
at Nashville, June, 1865. Be participated
in the battle of Buzzard's Roost, in Georgia;
owing, however, to loss of health he did not
take part in the principal service of the regi-
ment. He was married, December 31, 1858,
to Miss Sarah J. Hull, daughter of Daniel
and Mary Hull, of whom mention is made in
these pages. Mrs. Handy was born in Lick-
ing County, Ohio, July 9, 1838, and came
with her father's family, in 1850, to this coun-
ty. They have a family of live children, viz. :
Mary E. Handy, born March 10, 1860; Will-
iam W. Handy, born July 25, 1862; Solomon
Handy, born July 20. 1867; Mattie F. Han-
dy, born November 8, 1868; Everett Handy,
bom October 2, 1878. Mary E. Handy has
been for some years and is now a practical
teacher in the county. Mr. Handy has also
taught, and was educated in the county. Mr.
Handy erected a small cabin house where he
now lives in 1861 on land that his father had
owned; the land was then covered with a
dense growth of timber, which they have
taken off till they now have a farm of 115
acres, of which 65 are in cultivation. Erected
a frame house in which they now live in
1873. They are members of the Protestant
Methodist Church. Politics, Greenback-Re-
publican, and he represented the township as
Supervisor, and for several years Collector of
Taxes.
SUSANNA HOLLENBECK, Melrose, is a
daughter of Isaiah and Hannah Janney, and
is the fourth of a family of eleven children,
of whom six are now living. She was born
in Melrose Township, July 23, 1843. She
was married March 28, 1864, to William
Brown, son of Adam and Mary Brown. He
was born in Licking County, Ohio, March
16, 1841, and came to this county in 1860,
from where he entered the First Missouri
Cavalry, in 1861, and served as a soldier for
four years, diu-ing which time he contracted
the disease from which he died, November
9, 1868, leaving two children, viz.: Jennie
A. Brown, November 1, 1866; William R.
Brown, January 12, 1869, and died Septem-
ber 13, 1879. Mrs. H. was afterward mar-
ried, February 11, 1872, to Mr. John Winsett,
son of John and Mary Winsett. He was a
native of Ohio and was born July 6, 1818,
and died November 3, 1876. She married
John Hollenbeck, April 28, 1878, and one
son. Homer Hollenbeck, was born December
18, 1879. Mi-s. Hollenbeck has a farm of 200
acres of land, mostly improved land, in Section
8 of Melrose Township, containing a substan-
tial farm residence erected in 1S82. She is a
member of the Protestant Methodist Church.
DANIEL HULL, farmer, P. O. West Un-
ion. One of the most venerable of the citi-
193
BIOGRAPHICAL:
zens of Melrose Township, is Daniel Hull,
born in Harrison County, Va., March 30,
1803, and when he was six years old his
parents, William and Sarah Hull, removed
to Ohio and settled in Licking County.
There Daniel grew up, receiving a limited
education in the common schools of Licking
County, and was married, August 30, 1825,
to Miss Mary Brown, daughter of Adam and
Mary Brown. She was born in Pennsyl-
vania, September 3, 1807, and came to Ohio
with her parents as early as 1808. Mr. Hull
made his home in Licking County nntil com-
ing to this county, in 1850, having previously
had born to them eight children, of whom
but three are now living. Their family re-
cord is as follows: William Hull, born Oc-
tober 15, 1826, deceased; Adam Hull, born
May 25, 1830, married to Mary Handy; Mary
Hull, born December 13, 1832, married to
Peter Cumrine and died April 8, 1856, leav-
ing three children; John W. Hull, born
December 12, 1835, deceased; Sarah J. Hull,
bom July 9, 1838, and married to William
Handy; Solomon Hull, born February 28,
184:1, died in the hospital at Nashville, Tenn.,
December, 1862; Elizabeth Hull, born
August 10, 18-43, married George Richardson,
and died in February, 1878, leaving four
children; Martha A. Hull, born February 1,
1847, and married to Washington lii-eager.
Uncle Daniel Hull and wife settled in Mel-
rose Township, where they now live, in 1850,
and, though not pioneers of the county, have
lived in it long enough to endear themselves
to a large circle of fi'iends, who esteem them
for their many virtues. Uncle Daniel cast
his first Presidential vote for Andi'ew Jack-
son, and is now a stanch Kepublican.
WASHINGTON KREAGER, farmer, P.
O. West Union, is a native of Licking
County, Ohio, born February 24, 1841. His
father, George Kreager, was a Virginian by
birth, born in 1785 and raised in his native
State. He came from there to Ohio with his
father, Jacob Kreager, who was a native of
Germany. In ISll, he was married to Miss
Cynthia Bartholomew, of Pennsylvania, born
Decembers, 1795, and is still living. George
Kreager was a soldier in the war of 1812,
and died in Ohio, 1867. They had a family
of sixteen children, of whom seven are now
living, and of whom Washington is the
youngest. Subject grew to manhood in Ohio,
and married, June 19, 1870, to Miss Mattie
A. Hull, daughter of Daniel and Mary Hull.
She was born in Ohio, on February 1, 1847,
and came to this county with parents when
four years old (1851). Mr. Kreager settled
in this county where he now lives, in 1870,
buying his land from Jacob Scott. The
farm consists of 310 acres, of which about
220 acres are improved. Their family con-
sists of three children, viz. : Albert C. Krea-
ger, born April 30, 1873; Maud, born March
29, 1876; Freddie Kreager, born April 9,
1879. He is a Democrat, and has represented
Melrose Township as Supervisor for three
terms.
SUMNER MARING, farmer, P. O. Mel-
rose, is a native of this county, where he was
born August 5, 1859, son of William and
Caroline Maring, the father of Ohio and the
mother of Virginia. They were married in
Illinois, and raised three children, viz. : Anna
Banks, Chester Maring and the subject of
this sketch The father died from the effect
of gun-shot wound received in the late war.
The mother is still living, and resides in
Kansas. Subject grew to manhood and ed-
ucated in the common schools of this county.
He was married, January 1, 1880, to Miss
Elma Janney, daughter of Isiah B. and
Hanuah S. Janney. Mrs. Elma Maring was
born in Clark County, III., July 9, 1848.
The father was a native of Loudoun County,
MELROSE TOWNSHIP.
193
Va., born August 31, 1812, where he grew
to maturity, and married to Miss Han-
nah Hurst, also a native of Virginia, and
born October 24, 1812. They were married
September 15, 1836, and came immediately
to Illinois and settled in what is now Melrose
Township. Here they raised a family of
eleven children, of whom six are living and
residents of this county. Susanna, married
to Milton Hollenbeck; Elizabeth, married
to William Miller; Sarah B., married to
Perry Bartlett; Isaiah B. Janney, married to
Margaret Pyle; Amanda P., married to L.
Gray; 3d Elma, married to subject of these
lines. Mr. Janney died at his homestead,
September 7, 1878, lamented by a large cir-
cle of friends, whose confidence he enjoyed to
the fullest extent; his wife siu'vives him, and
makes her home with her daughter, Elma
Maring. Subject has a farm of 120 acres in
Melrose Township. Substantial frame resi-
dence erected in 1881. They are members of
the United Brethren Church. Politics, Re-
publican.
ROBERT E. JIcKAIN, farmer, P. O.
West Union, was bom July 14, 1823, in Ohio
County, Ind., and resided on the farm where
he was born and raised until he was married,
in 1849, to Martha J., daughter of Samuel
and Nancy Gould, of Fayette County. Ind.
In 1852, Mr. McKain pm-ehased a farm
on what is known as Clay Prairie, Clay
County, and with his wife and two children
moved there in the fall of the same year.
After remaining on the farm two years, he
went to California in 1856 and remained
until 1859, when he returned and again
with his family moved to Clark County,
where he resided until his death, Decem-
ber 17, 1879. Ml-. McKain had a family
of four childi-en. Perry A., the oldest,
was born January 7, 1850. in Ohio Coim-
ty, Ind., and was quite a small boy when
his parents moved to this State. His boy-
hood days were spent on the farm, where he
worked in siunmer and attended district
school in winter. He taught his first school
the winter of 1866, in Crawford County, at
the age of sixteen. He was educated at
Westfield College, and followed the profes-
sion of teacher with sucess for some time. In
1872, he began the study of law in the office
of Messrs. Scholfield & Wilkin. In 1873, he
was elected by the Republican party to the
office of Superintendent of Schools; was ad-
mitted to the bar, in 1874, and died May 1,
1875. Eugene McKain was born March 4,
1851. He received his education in the dis-
trict school and Westfield College; taught
several terms of school with success, and be-
gan the study of medicine in Dr. Prewett'a
office, in the year of 1873. Was married,
December 14, 1875, to Lizzie E. Rains. To
them one child, a daughter, named Frankie,
was born, November 21, 1877. The two other
children, Robert E., born February 22, 1857,
and Mamie, born January 26, 1861; are
both single and reside with the widowed
mother.
CHARLES M. MEEKER, farmer, P. O.
Melrose. Charles M. Meeker, is a native of
Delaware County, Ohio, born March 16, 1829.
He is the fourth of a family of six children
of Enoch and Joannah (Morehouse) Meeker.
They were each born in New Jersey, where
they grew to matiu'itj' and married soon after
coming to Ohio, and settled in Delaware
County. There they made a residence of
about twenty years, and then removed to this
county in 1840. They settled in Melrosd
Township, where they died; the mother about
1848, and the father in 1875. Subject grew
to manhood in this county, and in 1851
(June 13) married to Miss Sarah A. Ed-
wards, daughter of Joseph and Hannah Ed-
wards. She was born in Daviess County, Ind.,
194
BIOGRAPHICAL:
January 29, 1830, and came to this county
with parents when about two years old. Mr.
Meeker has a family of six children, of whom
three are deceased, viz.: Joseph, born Sep-
tember 24, 1853, died in infancy; George If.,
December 24, 1854, and died November 2,
1859; Jasper, September 3, 1859; Arthur,
April 3, 1863; Oliver, May 11, 1865. In
August, 1861, Mr. Meeker became a member
of Company K, First Missouri Cavalry, from
which he was discharged in June, 1862, on
account of disability. He is a Eepublican
in politics. Both Mr. and Mrs. Meeker are
members of the United Brethren Church.
Subject owns a farm of ISO acres, 120 in
Jlelrose Township and 60 in Orange Town-
ship.
WILLIAM MILLER, farmer, P. O. West
Union. Among the oldest settlers now living
in Melrose Township is the subject of this
sketch, William Miller. He was born near
York, in Clark County, 111., September 24,
1818. His parents, Hugh and Polly (Gor-
don) Miller, came from the State of New
York and settled in what is now York Town-
ship, this county, in 1815; this was perhaps
about the first settler in the county, and
when William was growing up the Indians
were very common in the country, and for
many years the country was so infested with
wolves that great care was necessary to in-
sure the stock of the settlers from their rav-
ages. The parents of William Miller were
born in New York, the father July 4, 1791,
and the mother in December of same year.
They had a f amil y of seven children, of whom
William was the second, and of whom one
died in infancy. Mr. William Miller's
early education consisted of what could
be obtained by attending from one to
three months in the year, often going a
distance of three miles. Having this pio-
neer experience, he was better prepared
to grapple with the stern realities of life,
and has lived to see the country of his
boyhood develop into comfortable and at-
tractive homes. He was married to Matilda
Bai'tlett, daughter of James and Hannah
Bartlett, of whom mention has been made.
They were married in November, 1841.
Matilda Bartlett was born July 6, 1818, and
died March 27, 1844, leaving two children,
viz.: Hannah and Wesley Miller; the former
died. She was man'ied to George Riley and
left six children, the younger, Bruce Riley,
being now a member of the family of Will-
iam MillA". Mrs. Riley was born September
9, 1842, and died April 14, 1876. Wesley
Miller is married to Elizabeth Janaoy. Sub-
ject was married to Margaret Ancker about
1845. She was born April 23, 1811, and
died February 6, 1870. By this union there
are three childrKn — Martha J. Miller, born
October 1, 1846, and died February 28, 1851;
Charles J. Miller, born February 26, 1848,
died March 12, 1851; Mary E. Miller, born
January 21, 1853, and died Mirch 29, 1854.
Married to his present wife, Elizabeth Handy,
October 4, 1870. She was born in this
county February 25, 1826, and is a daughter
of Thomas and Elizabeth Handy. Two
nieces are members of this (Miller) family,
viz.: Doratha E. Miller, born July 8, 1858;
Alzada Miller, born June 3, 1870.
WILLIAM W. MILLER, farmer, P. O.
Melrose, is a son of William and Matilda
(Bartlett) Miller, whose sketch appears else-
where. He was born in Clark County March
4, 1844, and has always resided in Melrose
Township. He received the elements of an
English education in the common schools, and
in August, 1862, became a member of Com-
pany I, Seventy-ninth Illinois Regiment,
in which he served about three years and was
mustered out Jime 25, 1865. He was twice
wounded, once in the right shoulder and once
MELROSE TOWNSHIP.
195
in the left arm; participated in the battles
of Stone River, Chickamaiitra, Liberty Gap
and a number of other active engagements,
including all the service of his regiment. He
was married, January 23, 1808, to Miss Han-
nah E. Janney, daughter of Isaiah and Han-
nah Janney. She was born February 4, 1840,
in Melrose Township. Their family consists
of four children, viz. : Minnesota Miller,
born December 24, 1869; Edmond Miller,
born September 15, 1871; Ella T. Miller,
Dorn September 22, 1875; Rosa Miller, born
April 15, 1878. Mi-. Miller has a farm of
120 acres of improved land in Section 8 of
Melrose Township. Mrs. Miller is a mem-
ber of the United Brethren Church, and Mr.
Miller is a member of the I. O. O. F. Pol-
itics, Repiiblican. Engaged in stock-rais-
ing and general farmipg.
THOMAS RICHARDS, farmer, P. O. Wal-
nut Prairie, is a native of Maryland, where
he was born November 22, 1821. His father
was Andrew Richards; was a native of Mary-
land, and descends from Scotch origin. He
grew to manhood in Maryland, and married
Miss Rebecca Merman, also a native of Mary-
land. They had a family of eleven childi-on,
of whom Thomas is the ninth, and all but
two born in Maryland. They emigrated to
Ohio and settled in Licking County in 1825.
There the parents died, the father in 1855
and the mother in 1859. Subject grew to
matLU-ity in Licking County, Ohio. His early
education consisted of such as was to be ob-
tained in the pioneer schools of the then new
country. He was married, in Licking Coun-
ty, April 11, 1850, to Miss Mary Ann Brown,
daughter of Jacob and Letitia Brown. She
was born in Licking County, Ohio, June 24,
1824. They made a residence of two years
in Ohio, and in April of 1852, they came to
Illinois and settled where they now live in
Melrose Township, Clark County. They
bought land of a man named Baker, which
was covered with a dense growth of timber,
brush and vines, which they have removed
until now they have a comfortable home con-
sisting of 293 acres, with very substantial
improvements. Their family comprises four
children, whose record is as follows: Re-
becca L. Richards, born in Ohio, August 28,
1851, married to ¥. E. Buckner, November 8,
1877; Diixsilla Richards, born April 3, 1854,
married December 20, 1872, to Nathaniel
Jeflers, they have three children, viz. : Es-
sie, Ottie and Mirlie Jeffers; Thomas \V.
Richards, born July 2, 1860, married June
18, 1882, to Miss Isabell Cummins; John Will-
iam Richards, born November 2, 1863. The
family are among the substantial element of
the county. Mr. Richards is a Democrat.
JAMES B. SHEAPLEY, farmer, P. O.
Melrose. Prominent among the citizens of
Melrose Township and a man who enjoys the
confidence of a large circle of acquaintances
is the subject of these lines, James B. Sheap-
ley. He was born in York Township, this
county, January 11, 1881. His father,
Michael Sheapley, was born about 1801, in
Prehle County, Ohio, where he grew to ma-
turity and learned the trade of a pump maker.
He came to Terre Haute, Ind. , about 1828,
where he engaged at his trade, and where
he married Parthenia Smith, who was born
June 4, 1811, near Chillicothe, Scioto Coun-
ty, Ohio. Soon after the marriage, they made
a settlement in what is now York Township,
where they made their permanent residence,
he, however, working at his trade at various
points, principally at Terre Haute, where he
died in the winter of 1836. Thus left alone
with one child, then five years old, and hav-
ing no resources but personal effort, Mrs.
Sheapley succeeded in providing for herself
and son. whom she sent to school during the
winter, by the product of her loom. In 1839,
196
BIOGRAPHICAL:
she was married to Samuel Stepp, who was
bom about 1800, in Butler County, Ky. , and
died m York Township in fall of 1842, leav-
ing one son, William T. Stejsp, now a resi-
dent of Missoiu'i. Mrs. Step]^ subsequently
married John Porter, and died April 18,
1848. A.fter the death of his mother, James
went near Chicago and worked one summer
as a farm hand, returning in the winter and
attended school and afterward taught school
for one year. He was married, October
4, 1850, to Mrs. Hannah White, widow of
William C. White, and daughter of Law-
rence and Sarah Hollenbeek. She was
born in New York, near Albany, May 11,
1812. In 1852, subject went to California
and remained two years, returning in 1854-.
He has taught more or less until 1876, in
connection with which he has followed the
pui'suit of farming. In 1876, he removed to
Martinsville and took charge of the Grange
Store, which was established by the farmers
of the county; he conducted this business
imtil 1880, when he retui-ned to his farm,
consisting of 175 acres in Melrose Township,
Sections 6 and 7. Mrs. Sheapley's father
came to this county in the fall of 1817, and
settled on Walnut Prairie. Her mother,
Sarah (Lewis) Hollenbeek, born in the State
of New York, died in Linn County, Iowa
in 1847. The father died in Texas about
1868. Mrs. Sheapley was married to Will-
iam C. White, February 1, 1827. He died
September 1, 1847, having had nine childi-en,
of whom but three are living. As the result
of second marriage there are two childi'en
one of whom died in infancy — Nineveh
White, born May 11, 1833; G-ilead, born
January 1, 1835; Elizabeth E., wife of L.
Kelley, born February 17, 1841; Parthenia
Sheapley, born October 30, 1852. Mr. Sheap-
ley is a member of the Masonic fraternity
and I. O. O. F. Mrs. Sheapley has been a
member of church since her childhood.
JOSEPH SMITH, farmer, P. O. West Un-
ion, is a native of Ohio, born October 9, 1888.
He is a son of John and Charlotte (Oaks)
Smith. The father was a native of Mary-
land, and born in the year 1 SOI. The mother
was born in Maryland in about 1S02. They
both came to Ohio with their parents while
yet in childhood, and grew to maturity and
married in Muskingum County, Ohio. They
remained in Ohio until coming to Illinois,
in 1846. In May of that year, they settled
on the old William B. Archer farm, where
they made a residence of but one yenr, when,
becoming dissatisfied with the then un-
healthy climate, they determined to return to
Ohio, but afterward located in Greene Coun-
ty, lad., where they both died, the mother
in spring of 1853, and the father in March,
of 1855. They had a family of ten children,
of whom Joseph Smith is the seventh. He
returned to this county, in July, 1855, and
engaged as a farm hand until the breaking-
out of the rebellion. He became a member
of Company K, First Missouri Cavalry, in
August, 1861, and served for the term of his
enlistment, and then became a veteran in
the same organization, from which he was
discharged in September, 1865, and was
mustered out at Little Rock, Ark. Mr. Smith
participated in the Arkansas campaign, in-
cluding the engagement at Springfield, Mo.,
and the fighting of several days immediately
following; afterward at Pea Ridge, Ark., on
the 6th, 7th and 8th of March, 1862, and par-
ticij)ated in all the active engagements of his
regiment. He was made a Corporal in 1862,
which position he held until discharged. In
1866 (March 11). he was man-ied to Miss Mar-
tha Bartlett, daughter of James and Hannah
(Taladsy) Bartlett. She was born in Clark
County, on the 26th of January, 1823. They
have no children, but are raising a nephew,
Edward Grant, son of Jeremiah and Char-
MELROSE TOWKSHIP.
199
lotte M. Grant, who was born July 31, 1874.
Mr. Smith has a farm of 105 acres in Section
14. of Melrose, with substantial buildings,
which has to a great extent been the result
of his own labor. They are both members
of the Blethodist Episcopal Church at Plym-
outh Church, Melrose Township. Politics,
Greenback, and has served the township in
official capacity, and is an ardent advocate of
the cause of temperance.
MARTIN WILLARD, farmer, P. O. West
York, is the oldest settler now living in Mel-
rose Township, coming to the immediate lo-
cality where he now lives, in June, 1818.
His father, Joseph Willai-d, was a native of
North Carolina, and was born November 14,
1769. He was a son of Martin and Rachel
Willard, and was raised in his native State,
and was married November 23, 1796, to Miss
Peninah Jessop. She was born in North
Carolina, and died in Clark County, 111., on
the 8th of October, 1841. They had a fam-
ily of eleven children, all but the two younger
born in North Carolina. Margaret and Mar-
tin was born in Orange County, Ind., and
the latter, the subject of these lines, born
on the 19th of May, 1817. The family
landed in what is now Melrose Township, on
the r2th of June, 1818, and was the owner
of one horse and cart. He began without
house or any shelter other than a rude pro-
tection for his family, which he constructed
of poles set up and covered with poplar bark.
Here, surrounded by a dense forest of tim-
er, infested with wild animals and Indians,
be began to make for himself a home, and
with the help of his older children, soon had
made a cabin house and cleared a small field.
He lived to make for his family a comforta-
ble home, and died where Martin now lives,
on the 14th of February, 1845. The circum-
stances, therefore, under which Martin was
raised, were siich as to fit him well for the
battle of life, and now, although sixty-six
years old, is still able to oversee the interests
of the farm. He was married, February 21,
1841, to Miss Sarah Drajier. She was born
in Indiana July 13, 1819, and is the daugh-
ter of Jesse and Abigail Draper. Their fam-
ily consists of ten chiidi-en, two of whom are
dead, viz. : Caroline, born March 8, 1842,
the wife of Riley Mills; Mary J. , born Novem-
ber 20, 1843, died September 11, 1865; Isaiah,
bom September 17,Sl845, died July 19, 1879;
William M., born December 21, 1847, mar-
ried to Miss I. Burrows; Charlotte, born
November 13, 1849,the wife of Edward Wolf;
Amanda, born August 22, 1851, the wife of
William P. Claypool; George Willard, born
July 3, 1853; Martha A., born November 20,
1855, the wife of Henry Newlin; Alice C,
the wife of A. Gideon, was born Novem-
ber 11, 1857; Frank P., born June 3,
1861, married to Barbara Stuck. Mr. Wil-
lard and wife are members of the Society of
Friends, commonly called Quakers. Their
ancestors were members of the same organi-
zation.
200
BIOGRAPHICAL:
ATJBURl^ TOWNSHIP.
JOHN H. ADAMS, farmer, P. O. Martins-
ville, was born in Rockingham County, Va.,
August 13, 1827, and when ten years old re-
moved with his parents, John and Mary
Adams, to Butler County, Ohio. Hie father
was born in Pennsylvania in 1789, and when
a young man went to Virginia to engage at
his trade, that of saddler and harness-maker.
In 1824, he married Miss Mary Long, who
was born in Rockingham County in 1800.
From Virginia they moved to Butler Coun-
ty, Ohio, in 1837, where they died. The
mother died in April in 1848, and the father
in 1851 (January). John H. is the third of
their family of eleven childi-en. He was
educated in the common schools, and married
on the 20th of March, 1850, in Butler Coun-
ty, Ohio, to Miss Julia A. Flenner, daughter
of George and Mary (Andrew) Flenner. She
was born April 29, 1823. She is the ninth
of a family of ten chidren, of whom four are
residents of Clark County. Her mother died
in Butler County, Ohio. Mr. Adams came
from Ohio to this county and settled where
he now lives in 1850, buying a tract of land
of John McCune. He now owns a farm of
215 acres, well improved, including a substan-
tial frame dwelling; engaged in general farm-
ing and wool-growing. He has seven children,
viz. : George H.Adams, bornSeptember 20, 1854,
and died April 23, 1855; Mary E., born Jan-
uary 11, 1857, married : Margaret, born June
27, 1858, the wife of George S. Sharp; Al-
ma, born January 21, 1860, the wife of P. F.
Kittering; John L. , born October 29, 1861,
married Mary E. Shaftner; Alice A., born
Jiuie29, 1867: Carrie E.,born July 28, 1869.
Ml-, and Mrs. Adams and three elder daugh-
ters are members of the "United Brethren
Church at Dolson Chapel. The following
obituary of the father of Mi's. Adams is
taken from the Telescope: George Flenner
died at his residence, in Clark County, 111.,
June 26, 1864, aged seventy-seven years ten
months and seven days. Brother F. was born
in Lancaster County, Pa. , August 19, 1786.
Soon afterwar 1, he emigrated with his par-
ents to Butler County, Ohio, where he was
converted and joined the United Brethren
Church, under the labors of Rev. Jacob An-
1 rim, about forty-five years ago. From that
timeimtil his death, he lived a devoted Chris-
tian. In his last illness, he was patient and
very much resigned, for he had been wait-
ing for some time to be summoned home, and
when the messenger of death came he was
ready and anxious to go. So his end was
peace. He held an oiBcial connection with
the church as an exhorter and class leader
for many years, and his house was a preach-
ing place, and the home of the weary itiner-
ant for a great while. He has left many rel-
atives (for ho had ten children) and very
many classmates to mourn his loss, but their
loss is his gain.
WILLIAM H. BEADLE, farmer, P. O.
Martinsville, was born in Clark County, Ind.,
February 13, 1835. His father, Abraham H
Beadle, was a Virginian by birth, which oc-
curred February 16, 1800, and when he was
six years old removed with his father, James
Beadle, to Kentucky, where he grew to man-
hood, removing to Indiana when twenty years
old. Here he followed boating on the Ohio
in the winter and farming in the summer,
and was married May 5, 1820, to Miss Sarah
AUBURN TOWNSHIP.
201
Carr, daughter of Elisha Carr, one of the pio-
neers of Indiana. She was born May 25,
1800. They made their residence in Clark
Connty, Ind., until 1850, when they removed
to Clark County, 111. DiU'ing the residence in
Indiana, five children were born, of whom but
two are living. The record of this family is as
follows: Nancy Beadle, born in Clark
County. Ind., A.ugust 28, 1822, and died No-
vember 25, 1822; Mary C. Beadle, born No-
vember 23,1823, she married John Campbell
of Indiana, and died in this County October
10, 1850, leaving a family of two children:
Mary E. , married to John Garver, and Jo-
seph A. Campbell, of Casey, 111. ; Ann Eliza
Beadle, born June 13, 1829,maiTied to J. H.
Watson, of Martinsville Township; Edward
E. Beadle, born January 6, 1832 and died
December 1, 1834; and William H. Beadle,
born as above stated. He obtained the rudi-
ments of an education in the primitive
schoolhouse with puncheon floor, slab
benches and greased paper window, and
came with the family to this county in the
spring of 1850. He was maiTied in July,
1855, to Miss Sarah C. Jones, daughter of
Abram T. Jones, of Dolson Township. She
was born in Coshocton County, Ohio, Janu-
ary 4, 1833, and came to this county with her
parents about 1853. After the marriage of
William H. Beadle, his father gave him the
control of the farm and moved to Marshall,
where the mother died March 24, 1859, and
the father April 3, 1859, the father contract-
ing his sickness while attending the burial
of his wife. They were characterized by
their public spirit, were members of the
Christian Church and enjoyed the confidence
of a large circle of friends. Subject lost his
wife by death March 4, 1857, leaving one
child, Sarah C. Beadle. She was born
December 26, 1856, and married to Lewis
Heath in February, 1877. Mr. Beadle was
married to his present wife Malinda Chilcote,
on the 17th of April, 1859. She is a daugh-
ter of Nicodemus aad Anna Chilcote, former-
ly of Ohio, and natives oE Pennsylvania.
The father died in Douglas County Decem-
ber 24, 1879; the wife survives him and re-
sides in Douglas County. Mrs. Beadle was
born in Morrow County, Ohio. April 18,
1841. Mr. Beadle is a member of the
Knights of Honor, a Republican, and from
1878 to 1880 served the county as Sheriff.
He has also served his township officially for
several years. He owns a farm of 153 acres
in Sections 22 and 23 of Auburn Township;
has a substantial frame residence on the
Westtield road eight miles west from Mar-
shall, engaged in mixed husbandry.
GEORGE FREDENBERGERi farmer, P.
O. Clark Centre. The subject of these lines
is a native of this county. Auburn Township,
July 31, 1848, son of .John A. and Elizabeth
(Wendel) Fredenberger. The father was born
in Bavaria, Germany, as was also his grand-
parents Fredenberger, and came to the Unit-
ed States about 1833, and located for a short
time in Ohio, and soon after came to what is
now Clark CoTinty, and assisted in the con-
struction of the Cumberland road, and after-
ward entered land in Section 30, where he
lived until the time of his death, which oc-
curred May 18, 1879, in his seventy-fourth
year. He was a member of the Evangelical
Church of Marshall for many years, being
among the organizers of that society, and
had meetings in his private house before the
founding of the Marshall society. He was a
man who enjoyed the confidence of all who
knew him. The mother of our subject. Eliza-
beth Wendel, was a native of Prussia ; was born
about 1806, and gi-ew to matiu-ity in the old
country. She liied in the old homestead in
September 2, 1878. She was also for many
years a member of the Evangelical Church.
202
BIOGRAPHICAL:
Had a family of six children, of whom two
are deceased and of whom George is the
youngest. J. P. Fredenberger, the oldest,
was killed in battle at Perryville, Ky.; Eliza-
beth Coimts, of California; Catherine Lutz,
Dolson Township, and Mary S. Gilbert, of
Wabash. Subject was raised in Aiiburn
Township, and educated in the common
schools; married, February 22, 1872, in Mar-
shall Township, to Miss Sarah A. Biorbaum,
daughter of Christian and Mary (Salter)
Bierbaura. She was born in Indiana, Marion
County, May 6. 1850. The parents are resi-
dents of Marshall Township. They have a
family of six childi-en — John W. Fredenber-
ger, born May 11, 1873; Edward W., born
October 7, 1874; Mary A., born October 1,
18'76; Emma L., born August 17, 1878; Cora
M., born February 17, 1882, died May 18,
1882; infant, born February 27, 1883.
They are both members of United Brethren
Church, Marshall Township. In April, 1880,
ill-. F. was elected to the office of Justice of
the Peace for the township of Anburn.
ALLEN HURST, farmer, P. O. Auburn,
son of Nicholas and Harriet Hurst, was born
November 25, 1852, in Clark County, 111.,
and received the elements of an English edu-
cation in the common schools of Auburn
Township. He was married January 23, 1873,
in Dolson Township, to Miss Nancy Johnson,
daughter of Abram and Mary Johnson. She
was born in Dolson Township July 21, 1855.
Mr. A. Hurst is one of the most reliable men
in the county, and is held in high esteem for
his upright walk and temperate habits. He
has a farm of eighty acresjof land in Auburn
Township, and for several years has served
the township as Constable. His family con-
sists of three children, viz. : John Hurst,
born August 5, 1876; Nicholas, born April,
1878; Harriet, born February 4,1882. Nich-
olas Hurst, father of Allen, was born in
Kentucky February 23, 1818. He came to
this State in 1832. "'and lived for a short time
in Edgar County, from where he came to
this county. He is a man in whom has been
placed a vast degree of public trust, having
tilled the offices of Associate Judge, County
Sheriff and two terms as County Treasurer.
For the past twenty years, he has been in the
office of Justice of the Peace; has been three
times married, in each case raising a family.
His first wife was Harriet Craig, [who died
April 4, 1856. The second wife was Sarah
J. Rains, who died October 1, 1864. Present
wife is Nancy Harner, to whom he was mar-
ried April 1, 1867.
RICHARD JOHNSON deceased, was born
in Bucks County, Penn., October 4, 1801.
He was a son of Nathaniel Johnson and was
reared in Pennsylvania. He was a practical
farmer and miller, and was married March
14, 1830, in Muskingum County, Ohio, to
Miss Sarah Fogle, daughter of John and
Susan (Baird) Fogle. She was born April
7, 1810, near Hagerstown, on the Potomac,
where the first eight years of her life were
spent. Her parents then settled near Zanes-
ville, Muskingum Co., Ohio, where she grew
to womanhood. In this locality Mr. and Mrs.
Johnson spent the greater part of their mar -
ried life, and reared their family of nine
children, four of whom are residents of this
county. They came to this county and set-
tled on the farm now occupied by Amos W.
Johnson in fall of 1860. Richard Johnson
died on this farm April 15, 1877. Although
not a pioneer of the county, he lived in it
long enough to endear himself to a large cir-
cle of friends whose confidence he fully en-
joyed. His wife, Sarah Johnson, survives
him, and has a comfortable home with her
son, Amos W. Ann Johnson was born Oc-
tober 20, 1830, the wife of Martin Thomas,
and died April 20, 1850; Clayton, born Oc-
AUBURN TOWNSHIP.
203
tober 20, 1832, died in August, 1857; Arth-
ely, born September 28, 1834, and died in
November, 1838; Alfred, born October 28,
1836; Carson, born November 1, 1838; Asa,
born February 7, 1841; Susannah, born June
26, 1843, married Noah Smithly, and died
on the 13th of November, 1879; Amanda, born
July 29 1846, married W. E. Bony; Amos
W., bom April 23, 1848. The latter was
educated in this county and married i'ebru-
ary 14, 1876, to Miss Maria R. Bair, daugh-
er of John and Abbie Bair. She was born
November 21, 1853, in DeKalb County, Ind.
Her father was a native of Pennsylvania and
her mother of Ohio. They were married in
Ohio and came to Illinois and Clark County
in the spring of 1870, and are now residents
of Martinsville. Amos W. Johnson has a
family of three children, viz. : Gertrude M.,
born November 9, 1876; Clarence E., born
November 15, 1878, and Charles W., born
November 3, 1880. A. W. Johnson has a
farm of 100 acres in good state of cultivation
and well improved. His mother is a mem-
ber of the Methodist Episcopal Church.
CARSON JOHNSON, farmer, P. O. Mar-
tinsville, is the fifth of a family of nine chil-
dren of Richard and Sarah Johnson, whose
sketch is given herein. He was born in Mus-
kingum County, Ohio, November 1, 1838,
and came to this county with the family in
1860. In the spring of 1862, he enlisted in
Company G,Fifty-foiu-th Illinois Volunteers.
He served his time of enlistment and vet-
eranized, being discharged and mustered oiit
at Springfield, 111. , in fall of 1865. He lost
his right hand at Paducah, Ky. After re-
turning home, he pursued his farm work.
He bought his first eighty acres of land of
Lewis Fulton. He now owns 367 acres of
land, of which pai-t is in Martinsville Town-
ship. He h/is a substantial frame residence
on the southwest quarter of southeast quarter
of Section 27. He engages in stock raising
and general faiTuing. He was married Feb-
ruary 11, 1872, in Clark County, to Miss
Mary E. Cook, daughter of Eli and Martha
Cook. She was born February 18, 1852.
This family came from Clark County, Ind.,
to this county in 1853. They have a family
of one daughter, viz. : Sarah A. Johnson, born
April 20, 1880. Mrs. Johnson is a member
of the United Brethren Church.
F. E. LESEURE, Postmaster and grocer,
Auburn, is a native of France, born Sep-
tember 21, 1816, a son of Joseph and Fel-
icite (Hurel) Leseure. Our subject grew to
manhood in his native country, and was mar-
ried in February, 1838, to Miss Lawrence
Collin, who was born in France about 1817,
and died in Terre Haute, Ind., in March,
1864, leaving five children, all of whom are
living — Hem-y and Emanuel, who are resi-
dents of Marshall, 111. ; Agathe, who married
Lafayette Ashmore; Mary, married Hubert
Guthwick, of Harper's Ferry, Iowa, and Er-
nestine., who is also living in Harper's Fer-
ry, Iowa. Our subject came to the United
States in December, 1849, and has since been
engaged in mercantile business. He came to
Clark County in 1864, and for fifteen years
has been Postmaster at different points. He
married his second wife, Sarah M. Hollings-
worth, July 28, 1855. She is a native of
Clay County, Ind., born December 2, 1843.
They are the parents of the following chil-
dren: Pauline, born November 4, 1871;
Prosper, February 10, 1876, and Sophia,
April 28, 1881. Our subject is at present en-
gaged in business in the village of Auburn.
He is also the owner of three farms, two of
which are located in Anderson Township, and
consist of eighty and 120 acres, and the other
in Auburn Township consisting, of eighty
acres. Mr. Leseure is a member of the
Catholic Church
204
BIOGRAPHICAL:
TILGHMAN H. LINTON, farmer, P. O.
Clark Centre, was born November 13, 1847,
in Parke County, Ind. His father was Will-
iam Linton and the mother was Sarah Bul-
ling ton. His father was born in 1820, in
Kentucky, and losing his parents when
young, was raised by an uncle, William
Payne,by whom he was brought to Indiana,
where he was married to Sarah Bullington.
She was born in Parke County, Ind. , in 1827,
and was the daughter of William and Mar-
garet Bullington. They had a family of two
sons, viz. : George and T. H. Linton. When
the latter was quite young, his father, Will-
iam Linton, died. His mother afterward
married to James K. Bullion, and died in
Iowa in 1866. Mr. William Linton came to
this county with his family about 1849, but
his health failing, be retm-ned to Indiana,
where he died as above stated. In spring of
1869, Mr. T. H. Linton retui'ned to this
county, and for four years made his home
with his brother George, who had moved here
in 1868. T. H. was married January 26,
1873, to Miss Sarah M. Wright, daughter of
Wesley and Sarah Wright. She was born in
Clark County, April 24, 1857. Her parents
were born in Coshocton County, the father
on the 26th of October, 1824, and the mother
February 10, 1827. They had six children,
viz.: Sylvina, Lemuel E., Joseph L , Will-
iam H., Sarah M. , John A. and James W.
Wright. William H. was killed by the burst-
ing of a grindstone on August 10, 1880;
John A. died January, 1866, of spotted fever.
The father died November 26, 1864. The
mother is the wife of Samuel Norris. T. H,
Linton has a family of fom- children, viz. :
Josephine and Joanna, born May 8, 1874;
William, born June 12, 1877; Alonzo, born
November 14, 1881. He owns a farm of
eighty acres of land; sixty of which are in cul-
tivation ; engaged in mixed husbandry.
George Linton was]born August 19, 1844, and
married April 23, 1869, to Miss Emrick.
They have a daughter, Annie May, born
February 10, 1873.
ALLEN H. anCHAEL, farmer, P. O. Clark
Centre, who has been long and favorably
known in Auburn Township, was born in Rush
County, Ind., October 11, 1828. His father,
John Michael, was a soldier in the war of
1812; was married in Ohio and became one
of the pioneers of the Hoosier State. His
first wife died in Indiana, leaving six chil-
dren. He was subsequently married to Mar-
garet Consore, a native of Pennsylvania, but
of German parentage. As a result of this
marriage, there were nine children, Allen H.
being the fifth. His father died in Missouri
in 1876. The mother is living in Kansas in
her eighty-fourth year. Mr. Allen H. Mi-
chael came to Clark County, 111., with his par-
ents when twelve years old, and has resided
in the county since. He describes the school-
house in which he received his early educa-
tion as being of round .logs, slab benches,
dirt floor and clapboard door. He was mar-
ried in Clark County on the 27th of March,
1853, to Miss Celia Hurst. She was born
February 23, 1832, in Edgar County, 111.,
but principally raised in Clark County. They
have a family of eight children, all born in
this county, viz. : Charles, born January 5,
1854, and married to Susan Cloe — they have
one child, Cora Bell, born September 21,
1877; James A., born May 2, 1855, and mar-
ried Dora Williams, one son — Hartford,
born June 10, 1882; Clara J., wife of Joseph
James, was born July 22, 1858; Margaret
v., wife of J. F. Taylor, was born June 17,
1850 — they have one son, Hariy, born Septem-
ber 26, 1882; Sarah B., born August 27,
1862; Mary F., born October 27,1864; John
R., born December 23, 1866; Elisha, born
Januar\' 5, 1869. In 1857, Mr. Michael
AUBURN TOWNSHIP.
205
bought his farm of R. B. Sutherland. He
has sixty acres in Section 35 and twenty-
acres in Section 2, of Auburn Township.
Mr. Michael, wife and six children are mem-
bers of the Baptist Church. He is a mem
her of the Masonic fraternity; has served one
term as Deputy County Sheriff, and for some
years has tilled the office of Justice of the
eace. He was a member of Company H,
Forty-eighth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and
accompanied Gen. Sherman on his march to
the sea.
JOHN REED. The subject of these lines
is a native of Henry County, Ky., where he
was born August 30, 1808. His father, Jon-
athan Reed, was born in western Pennsylva-
nia, and was a soldier under Gen. Wayne.
He was married in Virginia to Miss Margaret
Eweing, of Virginia. They removed to Ken-
tucky soon after marriage and made a resi-
dence of several years, coming from thence to
Indiana, where they died (in Clark County).
They had a family of eight children, of
whom John Reed is the fourth. He attained-
his majority in Clark County, Ind., and
married in same county in the year 1833
(September 5) to Miss Frances Beadle, daugh-
ter of James Beadle. She was born in Jeffer-.
son County, Ky., March 1, 1816, and came
when a child to Clark County, lud., where
the parents settled. Mr. Reed came to this
county in 1847, and in that year located in
what is now Dolson Township, where he en-
tered forty acres land, upon which he lived a
few years, and then sold out and moved
where he now lives. They have a family of
twelve children, of whom four are deceased.
LEANDER N. REED, farmer, P. O. Clark
Centre, native of Clark County, Ind., born
November 28, 1837, son of John S. and
Frances (Beadle) Reed. The father was born
in Kentucky August 30, 1808. Subject came
to Illinois and to Clark County with
parents in 1846, where he grew to man-
hood, settled in what is now Dolson
Township. He received the elements of an
English education in the common schools of
the county, and married March 21, 1858, in
Auburn Township, to Miss Eveline Hurst,
daughter of Nicholas and Han-iet (Craig)
Hurst. She was born in Edgar County, III.,
August 19, 1839. In 1859, he bought ^the
land on which he has since lived of Allen
Michael, and entered by Richard Sutherland,
consisting of fifty-live acres, to which he has
added sixty-five acres. Seventy-five acres are
in Section 35 and the remainder in Section
2; eighty acres in cultivation; principal pro-
duction, small grain. Member of the Mason-
ic fraternity, a Democrat and has represented
his township several years as Supervisor.
Their family consists of nine children, all
born in Auburn Township. Harriet E. , born
September 19,. lS59;'Nicholas, born June 14,
1861; Dora F., born March 20, 1863; Eas-
ter, bom April 1, 1866, died September 18,
1872; Emily M., bom April 27. 1869; Eve-
line, born September 2, 1871; Viola, born
July 12, 1874; John A., born July 27, 1877;
Ollie, bom March 26, 1879; an infant died.
Mrs. Reed and two oldest children are mem-
bers of the Baptist Church. Dora F. mar-
ried March 7, 1883, to James \V. Dunn.
He is a native of the county, son of Judge
and Rebecca Dunn. He was bom Decem-
ber, 1861.
WILLIAM F. ROMINES, Martinsville,
was born January 25, 1831, in Wythe County,
Va. At the age of two years, he removed
with his parents, Jasper and Mahala Rom-
ines, to Clark County, 111. The former was
a native of Tennessee and the latter of Vir-
ginia. Mahala was a daughter of John
Wyriek, a native of Virginia. Mr. Jasper
Romines located with his family in Wabash
Township, and subsequently made his final
206
BIOGRAPHICAL.
settlement iu Marshall TowDship, where be
died March, 1847, leaving a family of foiir
children — Polly A, deceased, wife of M.
N. Canady; Jane, wife of James Wallace;
Rheuhamy A., wife of Gilman Noyes. Will-
iam F., whose name heads these notes, was
principally educated in the schools of Mar-
shall. He was married September 9, 1856, in
Clark County, to Miss Barbara Meskimen, a
daughter of Abram, born in 17'J8 in Mary-
land, and Amelia, born in Cochocton Coun-
ty, Ohio, in 1808. Mrs. Eomines was one
of nine children, and was born March 24,
1835. Her father received his death by an
attack of cholera while in the Western country
prospecting for land. William F.'s union
blessed him with foui- children, viz.: Yiola
R., born November 2, 1860, man-ied C. D.
Cleaver, September, 1879; Leroy, born July
21, 1865; Charley, born July 13, 1868; Fred-
die, born August 27, 1873. Mr. Romines pos-
sesses a fine farm of 640 acres, mostly the
result of his energy and frugal dealings.
He and wife are marked among the long-
time members of the Methodist Episcopal
Church of Martinsville.
DOUGLAS TOWNSHIP.
ROBERT BROWN, farmer, P. O. Mar-
shall, was born September 2, 1811, in Wash-
ington County, Penn., a son of Samuel and
Nancy Brown. His father was a native of
Ireland and emigrated to Pennsylvania in
1801, settling in Washington County, that
State, and died in Ross County, Ohio, in
1841, at the home of our subject. Our sub-
ject's mother was a native of Scotland; came to
America with her husband, and died iu Wash-
ington County, Penn., when our subject was
about six years old. They were the parents
of sis children, three boys and three girls —
James, Margaret, John. Robert, Eliza and
Martha. Our subject and Margaret are the
only ones now living. 'Mr. Brown received
a limited education by walking three miles
over the rugged hills to the subscription
schools of his native county. He moved to
Ohio in 1834. settling in Ross County and
purchased a house in Frankford and worked
at his trade of shoe- making for twenty years
He was first married in Ross County, Febru-
ary 24, 1836, to Cynthia Rittenhouse, of
Virginia; she was a daughter of Samuel
and Judy Rittenhouse, both of German de-
scent, but natives of Virginia. By this wife,
who died February 26, 1843, our subject had
three children — Mai-y, born November 23.
1836; Eliza, born February 9, 1830; John,
: born June 16, 1841; Nancy, the last surviv-
ing of these children, died June 19. 1880.
Our subject was married a second time, Jan-
uary 26, 1844, to Eleanor King, born April
22, 1821, in Fayette County, Ohio, daughter
of Reuben and Prudence (Davis) King; he
a native of Maryland and she of Ross
County, Ohio. Both parents died when she
was small. By this mai'riage our subject had
two children — Edward R., born in Ross
County, Ohio, February 24, 1845. and Rob-
ert H. , born in Clark County, 111. , November
13, 1861. Our subject removed by wagon in
September, 1853, from Ross County, Ohio,
to Clark County, 111., and lived in Marshall
about eleven years, after which he removed
to his present farm in Section 25, which he
had previously pxu'chased. Mr. and Mrs.
i Brown are members of the Methodist Episco-
pal Church, of Marshall. In politics, he is a
DOUGLAS TOWNSHIP.
207
Democrat; he cast his first vote for Jackson,
ami still adheres to the principles of the old
Jacksonian school. Our subject has served
Douglas Township as Supervisor for a period
of about four years. He has a farm of
287 acres, about one-half of which is in culti-
vation, the balance being in timber.
JOHN FALLAN, teacher, Marshall, is a
native of Eastern Pennsylvania, born Feb-
ruary 8. 1852, a .son of Matthias and Hannah
(Grogan) Fallan, natives of Ii-eland; he was
born in 1827, was a farmer and came to
America about 1833 and died in 1868, in Coles
County, this State; she born in 183-1 and died
in Coles County in 1873. They were mar-
ried August 6, 1850. and wei-e the parents of
nine children, three boys and six girls, all
living except one boy and one girl. Our sub-
ject's mother was married a second time, Au-
gust 15,1870, to Patrick Dunn, also a native
of Ireland, and by him had two children, one
of whom, Elizabeth, is living. Our subject's
early education was gained from only 110
days attendance at the schools of his native'
coimty, Clark, Edgar and Coles County,
this State. He learned the trade of photo-
graphing at Mattoon, this State, and after-
ward ran a gallery at Windsor, and then
went to St. Mary's, after which he went into
the confectionery and cigar business at Mat-
toon. He railroaded on the Midland, and
also on what is now called the P. , D. & E.
In 1881, he went to East St. Louis, where he
was engaged at car repairing on the Wabash
Railroad, and was also car inspector. He
worked at his trade of photographing at Mar-
shall, when he also attended two teacher's in-
stitutes. January 6, 1876, he took charge
of the Pike's Peak school, where he taught
three terms, and after teaching one term at
East Liberty, he resumed charge at Pike's
Peak, and taught two six-months terms. He
then read law with O. B. Ficklin, Jr., Mar-
shall, and again took charge of the Pike's
Peak school, where he is the present
(1883), qualified and popular teacher. In
1880, he was elected Assessor of Douglas
Township and served one term in that capac-
ity. He is a member of the I. O. O. F. ,
Eiu-eka Lodge, No. 64. In politics, he is
Democratic.
CHARLES L. HOLLINGS WORTH,
farmer, P. O. Oliver, Edgar County, is a
native of Jefferson County, Ky., born
three miles south of Louisville, at a little
place called Man's Lick, April 13, 1809, to
Joseph and Margaret (Beeler) Hollingsworth;
he a painter and farmer, born in Frederick
County, Va., March 5, 1771, and died in
Jackson County, Mo., in December, 1841,
She is a native of the same county as her
husband, born about 1777, and died at the
home of our subject January 8, 1861. They
were the parents of twelve children, seven
sons and five daughters, three of whom are
living — Mary, in Missouri; John, a banker
in Califoraia, and our subject. He was
three years old when his father removed to
Shelby Coiinty, Ky., where oui- subject re-
mained till sixteen years of age. He then re-
moved to Morgan County, Ind., remaining two
years, then to Owen County, same State,
where he resided twelve years. Diu'ing this
time, November 10, 1836, he was married to
Adeline Griffith, a daughter of the Rev. Sam-
uel Griffith, of Gainsboro, Tenn. Mr.
and Mrs. Hollingsworth have had thirteen
childi-en, of whom there are ten living — Ad-
dison, Lewis, Sarah, Margaret, Susan, Emily,
Louisa, Minerva, Nancy, Mary and Edward.
In November, 1843, our subject came to
Douglas Township, Clark County, where he
has since resided. In 1860, he was elected
Justice of the Peace, which office he held
for about fourteen years, having resigned
before the expiration of his last term. Dur-
208
BIOGRAPHICAL.
ing this long period of official service, his
judgments were so satisfactorily received that
but one appeal was taken from his court, and
that was ultimately settled before it reached
a higher tribunal. Our subject has a farm
of 200 acres in Section 23, mostly in cultiva-
tion. He is a Republican in politics. His
son Edward, received the advantages of a dis-
trict school education, and at seventeea years
of age, passed an examination before the Coun-
ty Superintendent of schools, and received
a first grade certificate. He was employed
as teacher in his district, and was retained
four years. In 1882, he was a candidate for
County Superintendent of Schools. He in-
tends studying law with Golden & Wilkin
of Marshall.
MUS. REBECCA LYCAN, farmer, P. O,
Marshall, was born January 24, 1811, in Nel-
son County, Ky. , close to the Salt River, a
daughter of Stillwell and Susanna (Stone-
breaker) Heady, he, a farmer, was a native
of Kentucky, and died when our subject was
small; she was born in Pennsylvania, of
German descent, and died about 1850.
They were the parents of four children —
Christina, Rebecca, Thomas and Elizabeth.
Cm- subject received her early education in
the old subscription schools of her native
county, attending the same for about a year.
At the age of twenty, she removed to Edgar
County, this State, where she remained about
two and a half years, during which time she
was married, December 26, 1830, to William
W. Lycan, also a native of Kentucky, born
on Lincoln River, September 1 1, 1807, a son
of John and Nancy (Whitley) Lycan (see
dates in sketch of David Reynolds of this
township). Our subject left Paris, Edgar
County, the year following her marriage, and
eam^to what is now Douglas Township, with
her husband. He was a farmer, and after
coming to this township worked in a distil-
lery run by his father. In the fall of 1834,
he purchased eighty acres of land, of which
there was about twenty improved. He made
several subsequent purchases, and at the time
of his death he owned 217| acres, forty of
which lies across the line in Marshall Town-
ship. He died March 16, 1878. For about
sixteen years, he ran a grist mill on Big Creek
in Douglas Township, and afterward operat-
ed a saw mill for about three years. He
came to this State with his parents in 1820,
and settled on the north arm in Edgar Coun-
ty, living there for two or three years, when
they moved near Paris, where he was mar-
ried as before stated. He was the father of
eight _children — Nancy Whitley, born May
23, 1883; Harriet Ruth, August 17, 1834;
Jacob Stilwell, November 17, 1836; Mary
Jane, December 5, 1838; William Shields,
October 13,1844; Frances Leura, August 25,
1846; Sarah Ellen, October 5, 1848, and
Lyman Booth, December 8, 1851. Our sub-
ject rents out the farm which is given to gen-
feral farming.
LYMAN B. LYCAN, farmer, P. O. Mar-
sliall, was born on the home farm, Douglas
Township, December 8, 1851, a son of Will-
iam and Rebecca (Heady) Lycan, (see sketch
elsewhere). Our niibject obtained his early
schooling iu an old log schoolhouse in this
township, and farming was his first occupa-
tion in life. He assisted his father on the
home farm, and afterward in connection with
his brother, W. S. Lycan, rented their
father's flouring mill, which they ran about
two years, when the mill was burned, since
which time our subject has been engaged in
farming. He was married September 30,
1874, in Marshall Township, to Sarah Black,
born January 25, 1852, a daughter of John
A. and Nancy N. (Baird) Black, natives of
Ohio, both living in Marshall Township. Mr
and Mrs. Lycan have had one child — Robert,
DOUGLAS TOWNSHIP.
209
born January 12, 1878, and died when quite
young. Our subject rents land of his mother
and engage s in general farming. He is also
in partnership with John K. Black, of Mar-
shall, where they cany a general line of gro-
cery and provision goods. Our subject is
Democratic in politics.
DAVID REYNOLDS, farmer, P. O. Mar-
shall, was born near Crab Orchard, Ky.,
Miirch 6, 1802, a bon of William and Jane
(Milligan) Reynolds, both natives of East
Tennessee, he a blacksmith, and died when
our subject was about six years old by over-
working himself in his shop in the summer;
she died in Bedford County, Tenn., about
1840. They were the parents of eleven chil-
dren, ten sons and one daughtei' — Thomas,
James, John, Benjamin, William, Elizabeth,
Henry. David, Andi-ew, Joshua and Richard.
Our subject's early and only education, re-
ceived in schools was gained by a month or
two attendance in the old-fashioned subscrip-
tion schools. He started in life as a farmer,
which occupation he has since followed. In
1822, he came to Clark County and worked
as a hired hand for Jesse Essary, a French-
man, who was one of the first to settle in this
county. Our subject's first marriage oc-
curred near his jjresent farm June 1, 1826, at
which time he wedded Plata Davis, a native
of Kentucky, born March 1, 1808, a daugh-
ter of Margaret Davis. She died December
9, 1855. By her our subject had sixteen chil-
dren, the following of whom were named
Jane, Margaret, AVilliam,Wilson, Wellington,
Washington, Walter, David, Plata, Eliza-
beth. Richard and Izilla. About 1827, our
subject purchased eighty acres of land on
Big Creek. He entered several tracts of the
Government, and now has a farm of 360
acres, which was once all timber.but is now
mostly in cultivation. Our subject was mar-
ried a second time, March 6, 1856, to Dolly
C. Davis, his present wife, who was born May
27, 1822, on the North Arm, Edgar County,
this State, a daughter of John and Nancy
(Whitley) Lycan, he born in North Carolina
April 27, 1782; she in Virginia January 19,
1787. They were the parents of eleven chil-
dren— Jeremiah, William W., Jacob G.,
Oliver, Elizabeth, Daniel, Sarah, Dolly,
Nancy, Jane and Illinois. Our subject's pres-
ent wife was first married February 29,1844,
to Haywood Davis, born in Kentucky J uly
31, 1817, a son of Margaret Davis. He
died October 7, 1852, in Clark County, the
father of four children — Justus, born Decem-
ber 8, 1844, and died August 18, 1879:
Mary, born October 11, 1846; Nancy Jane,
January 10, 1849, and Salinda, April 8,
1851. By his present wifti, our subject had
five children — .John B., born December 17,
1856; Virginia Ann, January 21, 1859, died
when seven years old; Tenney, October 17,
1861; Henry, Januaiy 22, 1864; and Daniel
W., April 26, 1867. When our subject first
came to this county, the wilds were in the-
possession of the Pottawatomie and Kicka-
poo Indians, with whom he always entertained
the most friendly relations. Throughout
our subject's long life, he never sued but two
persons, and he himself was never sued, pre-
ferring always to settle up his own accounts
without the aid of the law. He cast his first
vote for Jackson, and "votes for Jackson
now." He had three brothers in the war of
1812 — James, John and Benjamin, and a
brother-in-law, Arthur Campbell. He volun-
teered his own services during the Mexican
war, and took a load of eight to Alton, but
they were not received. Our subject has
in his possession deeds of lands signed
by Presidents Jackson, Van Buren and
Tyler.
310
BIOGRAPHICAL:
DOLSOISr TOWNSHIP.
SPERRY CLAYPOOL, farmer, P. O. Mar-
shall, was born in Licking County, Ohio,
July 3, 181'2. His father, William Claypool,
was a native of Hardy County, Va., born July
3, 1781, a son of John Claypool, who came
from England. William Claypool served in
the war of 1812, and died in the spring of
1845. The mother of our subject was a na-
tive of Virginia, and died in Delaware Coun-
ty, Ohio. The parents had eleven childi-en
who lived to maturity, our subject being the
fifth of the family. He received his early
education in the old subscription schools of
Ross County, Ohio, and also attended school
a short time in Delaware County, of the same
State, to which county his parents removed
in the spring of 1826, where our subject lived
about ten years. He was married in Ross
County, Ohio, January 19, 1835, to Nancy
Kirkendall, bom October 25, 1810, in Ross
County, a daughter of Jeremiah and Phcebe
(Hoi^kins) Kirkendall, who came from Penn-
sylvania. In 1839, our subject came to his
present place, and made a purchase of 320
acres, to which he has made several subse-
quent additions. He has now a farrn of 195
acres, having distributed large portions of his
land to his boys. Mr. and Mrs. Claypool are
the parents of seven children, all of whom
have farms in the immediate vicinity. They
are Jeremiah, Isaac, Joseph, Elijah, Elisha,
John and Nancy. Mr. and Mrs. Claypool
are members of the Blue Grass Christian
Church. In political affairs, our subject does
not draw any party lines, but votes for whom
he considers the best man.
FREDERICK B. ENNIS, farmer, P. O.
Dolson, was the third person to settle in what
is now Dolson Township. He came about
the 1st of November, 1833, with his parents,
who located on the place where Moses Heath
now lives He was born in Gallatin County,
Ky., April 17, 1817, a son of James and
Judy (Boyer) Ennis, he a farmer, born in
Virginia March 4, 1790, and died August 3,
1855, in Auburn Township, this county. He
served in the war of 1812. The mother of
our subject was a native of Pennsylvania,
born April 12, 1791, and died in Auburn
Township April 13, 1868. The parents had
twelve children, five sons and seven daugh-
ters, our subject being the eldest of the fam-
ily. He received a very limited education in
the old subscription schools of his native
county, and spent his early life in assisting
his father on the home place. At an early
age, he commenced to learn the shoe-maker's
trade, with his own ingenuity for a teacher,
and made the first pair of boots he ever wore.
On becoming of age, he started out for him-
self, and worked at stone cutting, to which
trade he served an apprenticeship. He also
worked at brick-making and making rails,
and had made over 33,000 of the latter be-
fore he had reached the age of twenty -
five, for most of which he received only
33^ cents per hundi-ed. Mr. Ennis was mai--
ried, December 23, 1845, in what is now
Dolson Township, to Rachel Marrs, born May
4, 1822, in Washington County, Ind., a
daughter of William B. and Margaret (Snod-
gi-ass) Marrs, he a native of Tennessee, and
she of Virginia. The mother died in 1866,
and the father in the year following. Oiu-
subject purchased forty acres of his present
place in 1839, and now has a farm of 186J
DOLSON TOWNSHIP.
311
acres in Dolson Township. He also owns
eighty acres in Jasper, and forty acres in
Cumberland Counties. Mr. and Mrs. Ennis
are members of the Clarksville Baptist Church,
of which he is a Deacon and Church Clerk
He is Democratic in politics. He has served
his township twelve years as School Trustee;
about fourteen years as School Director; four
years School Treasurer; Collector, two years;
Assessor and Deputy, five years; and Town-
ship Clerk for about tliirteen years.
WILLIAM H. GARVER, P. O. Martins-
ville, is a native of Butler County, Ohio,
bom May 27, 1851, a son of Abraham and Eliz-
abeth (Galloway) Garver ; he, a farmer born in
Pennsylvania, April 7, 1810, and died May
7, 1876, in Dolson Township; she, born May
13, 1816, in Butler County, Ohio, and is still
living in this township. They were the par-
ents of ten children, five sons and five
daughters — Lucinda, John, Rhoda, Hannah,
Thomas (deceased), Mary Ann, oui- subject,
Martin, Jackson and Elizabeth. Our subject
received his education in this county, his
parents removing here in 1858. He started
in life as a fanner, which occupation he has
since been engaged in. He was married De-
cember 9, 1877, in this township, to Hattie
Raadebaugh, born February 6, 1858, a
daucfhter of Jacob S. and Rebecca (Rhodes)
Raudebaugh; he died August 24, 1876, and
she is still living. Mr. and Mrs. Garver are
the parents of two children — Hattie May,
born May 1, 1879, and Franklin, August 26,
1881. Mr. Garver votes the Democratic
ticket.
ALBERT C. HAMMOND, farmer, P. O.
Martinsville; born in Dolson Township Sep-
tember 17, 1857, son of Clark H. and Rox-
anna (Hammond) Hammond. The father was
born in Rutland County, Vt., April 21, 1829, a
son of Alanson P. and Sally (Tarble) Ham-
mond ; he, born September 23, 1802, in Ver-
mont, and died July 7, 1846; she was also a
native of Vermont, born February 22, 1804,
and died January 25, 1842. The mother of
our subject was born May 25, 1834, a daugh-
ter of Lyman C. and Jane Augusta (Daulcy)
Hammond. The parents of our subject were
blessed with seven children, four of whom are
living, our subject being the eldest of the
family. The others are Clara A., George A.
and Francis H. Our subject received a good
education in the schools of Clark County,
and he started in life as a farmer, and he has
always given his attention to farming pur-
suits. He was married September 3, 1882,
in this county, to Martha Jane Hurst, born
February 23, 1860, a daughter of Samuel
and Elizabeth (Boyer) Hurst. Our subject
runs part of his father's property, his father
ovming 1,679 acres of land, all of which lies
in Dolson Township, with the exception of
431 acres, which is situated in the adjoining
township of Parker. In politics, om- sub-
ject is a Democrat.
HARVEY M. KESTER, P. O. Dolson, is a
substantial farmer of Dolson Township. He
is a native of Clark County, Ind. , born De-
cember 28, 1819, the third child of Daniel
and Elizabeth (Carr) Kester, both natives of
Kentucky ; he, a farmer, died about 1845, in
Clark County, Ind. : she died in the same
county as her husband about 1857 or 1858.
They were the parents of eight children, six
of whom lived to man and womanhood, three
sons and thi-ee daughters, five now living,
one girl having died. Our subject's early
education was very limited, being received in
the old subscription schools of his native
coirnty. In his early life, he assisted his
father on the home farm, and after becoming
of acre, rented land in connection with his
brother, Fielden S. In the spring of 1847,
he came to this county, and in the fall of the
same year purchased 160 acres of land, and
212
BIOGRAPHICAL:
by subsequent additions now has a farm of
440 acres in a good state of cultivation, about
130 acres being in timber. He also has an
interest in 160 acres in Douglas Township.
Our subject was married in 1860, in this
county, to Lorinda Jane McDonald, a
daughter of Edward and Nancy (Dade) Mc-
Donald. Mrs. Kester died May 2, 1878, in
Dolson Township, leaving eight children,
one having died. Those living are Fielden
H., Elizabeth F., Nancy Ellen, Charles P.,
Mary A., Sarah Ann, Harriet C. and Amanda
Jane. In politics, oiir subject is a Repub-
lican. He has served two years as Assessor of
Dolson Township, and is the present Treas-
urer of Schools, Township 11, Eange 13.
JACOB G. LYCAN, farmer, P. O. Dolson,
is one of the old settlers of Dolson Township.
He was born November 28, 1809, in Ken-
tucky, a son of John and Nancy (Whitley)
Lycan, he a farmer and blacksmith, born in
North Carolina April 27, 1782, a son of Ja-
cob G. Lycan, who was a son of Hance Ly-
can, who was a son of Nicholas Lycan, of
Swedish descent. The mother of our subject
was born in Virginia January 19, 1787. They
were married July 10, 1804, and were the
parents of eleven children — Jeremiah, Will-
iam W., our subject, Oliver W., Betsey S.,
Daaiel W., Sarah, Dolly C, Nancy, Polly J.
and Illinois. The father of our subject died
February 15, 1856, in this county, and the
mother March 31, 1872. Our subject was about
eleven years old when his parents came to
Edgar County, this State, where he received
his early education. In 1832, he enlisted in
the Black Hawk war, and served three months
without seeing any active service. In the
fall of 1832, he came to this county, and
November 27 of the same year was married
to Mary Lockard, born November 25, 1815,
in Coshocton County, Ohio, a daughter of
William and Mary (Doll) Lockard, he, of
Irish descent, she, born in Virginia. Our
subject moved to his present place in the
spring of 1834, and bought at first forty acres
of land, and by several subsequent additions
now has a farm of 420 acres, about 250 acres
of which are in timber. Mr. and Mrs. Lycan
are the parents of thirteen children, eight of
whom are now living — William, born July
18, 1833, and died October 5, 1834; Jane,
born January 8, 1835; Nancy Rebecca, April
7, 1839; James Milton, October 11, 1842;
Daniel W., June 17, 1844, was drowned in the
Pacific Ocean November 4, 1875; John Mills,
August 16, 1846, died January 5, 1847; Ase-
nath, October 16, 1847; Greenough K., May
7, 1849; Maiy, October 10, 1851, died Octo-
ber 13, 1853; Jacob G., March 22, 1854;
Martin P., June 8, 1857, died September 19,
1857; Sarah L., October 5, 1858; and Amos
B., May 23, 1862. In political matters, our
subject votes the Democratic ticket.
JOSEPH B. STUARD, fanner. P. O. Dol-
son, is a native of Pennsylvania, born De-
cember 15, 1818, a son of James and Nancy
(Ogden) Stuard, who were the parents of
eight childi-en, five sons and three daughters,
our subject being the second child of the
family. His early education was acquired in
the old subscription schools of Indiana, to
which State he came with his parents at an
early age. The parents, who were farmers,
both died in that State. In Johnson County,
Ind., in December, 1840, our subject was
married to Mary Jane Patterson, bom Sep-
tember 28, 1825, in Clark Coimty, Ind.. a
daughter of James C. and Jane (Kelley) Pat-
terson, natives of Kentucky; he died March
24, 1865, and she when Mi-s Stuard was
very small. In 1849, our subject removed to
his present place, and fii'st purchased 120
acres of land, which has been increased by
subsequent additions to 230 acres Mr. and
Mrs. Stuard ai'e the parents of twelve chil-
ORANGE TOWNSHIP.
213
(iren, eight of whom are living — Nancy Jane,
Sarcah Ann, Maiy Catharine, Lucy Mildred,
Elizabeth Margaret, Lyman Booth. Emily
Frances and William Henry. Mr. Stuard is
a member of the Clarksville Lodge, No. 713,
I. O. O. F. In politics, he is a Democrat.
ORANGE TOWNSHIP.
JOHN J. AKNEY, farmer, P. O. Martins-
ville, was born October 5, 1S25, in Canton
Basle, Switzerland, and immigrated to this
country in 1851, settling in the State of Ohio,
Delaw;u-e County; afterward moved to Wyan-
dot Ci'unty, near Upper Sandusky. In 1854,
he was married to Miss Catharine Bussinger.
In 1866, removed to Clark County, 111., where
he has lived to this date. He is a thriving
fcvrmer by occupation. Mrs. Catharina (Bus-
singer) Arney was born August 1, 1832, in
Canton Basle, Switzerland. She came with
her parents to this country in 1845, settling
in Wyandot County, Ohio. She was mar-
ried to Jacob Arney in 1854. She is a woman
of unpretending demeanor, yet zealous in re-
gard to the moral culture of her children.
' ' Strength and honor are her clothing. In
her tongue is the law of kindness. She
looketh well to her household. Her children
arise up and call her blessed." The union
of Mr. and Mi-s. Ai-ney was blessed with four
children, one daughter and three sons— John
Jacob Arney, Jr., was born August 13, 1856,
in Wyandot County, Ohio, and came with his
parents to this State in 1866. He was edu-
cated in the common schools, and attended
college in Westfield, 111., and at the Central
Normal, Danville, Ind. He is a school
teacher by profession. He was appointed
census enumerator for Orange Township, in
1880. He was nominated for Superintend-
ent of Schools by the Eepublican County
Convention, in 1882. He read law in the
offif>e of R. E. Hainmil and T. L. Orndoft'. ;n
Marshall, 111. Miss Minnie, second child
and only daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Arney,
was born July 11, 1858, in Wyandot County,
Ohio, and came with her parents to this State
in 1866. She has taught school some in this
county. She is a lady of more than ordinary
energj'. Frederick William Arney was born
May 1, 1862, in Wyandot County, Ohio.
He was educated in the common schools of
the coimty, and has taught school some.
George Franklin Arney was born March 16,
1865, in Wyandot County, Ohio, and came
with his parents to this State in 1866. The
parents and children of this family are all
members of the Methodist Episcopal Church.
F. BLANKENBEKER, farmer, P. O.
Martinsville. Mr. Felix Blankenbeker is a
native of Harrison County, Ind., born on the
5th day of March, 1819. He is a son of Fe-
lix and Mary Blankenbeker. The former a
native of Virginia, where he was born April
25, 1785, and served as a soldier in the war
of 1812, going from Kentucky, where his
parents had moved when he was but five years
old. He was married, in Kentucky, to Miss
Mary Crisler, who was born in Virginia De-
cember 4, 1787. They had a family of ten
children, of whom Felix is the sixth. The
family removed to Hanison County, Ind.,
about 1817, where the parents died, the
mother in the year 1840, February 3, and the
father in 1859, January 16. Subject was ed-
ucated in the common schools and reared in
his native county, where on the 6th of Au-
crust. 1840. he married IMiss Lucy Ann Utz.
214
BIOGRAPHICAL:
daughter of Conrad and Elizabeth (Baker)
Utz. She was bom in Floyd County, Ind.,
February 28, 1819. She died in Orange
Township, April 27, 1859, leaving a family
of nine children, of whom six are deceased,
viz.: Martha J., born January 4, 1842, died
January 1, 1856; Samuel C, born May 22,
1843, married to Miss S. Atha; Julia A., wife
of W. H. Rubottom, was born November 10,
1844, and died December 24, 1877, leaving
four children ; John H., born August 23,
1846, died August 9, 1871; Benjamin F.,
born July 3, 1848, married to Matilda Sloan;
Mary E., wife of William A. Simmons, was
born September 4, 1850, and died January,
1874, leaving two children, one deceased;
Christia A., the wife of John Lawrence, was
born November 8, 1852; Sylvester, born De-
cember 17, 1854, and died September 16,
1872; Amanda, was born September 13, 1857,
and died September 9, 1872. Mr. Blanken-
beker was married to his present wife, Sarah
Hughes, widow of Edward Hughes, . and
daughter of Joseph and Elizabeth Eubottom,
on the 2d of February, 1860. Her father was
born in North Carolina, in 1793, where he
grew to manhood. He was married, in Indi-
ana, to Miss Elizabeth Westfall, and died
May 4, 1872. She was born in Ohio Octo-
ber 7, 1800, and is still ; living with her
daughter, Mrs. Blankenbeker. They had a
family of seven children; Mrs. B. is the sec-
ond. She was born in Greene County, Ind.,
October 30, 1826. They have been blest
with four children, viz.: Emma, born August
15, 1861, died July 19, 1862; Joseph F.,
born January 13, 1863. William, born April
1, 1865, died March 12, 1866; Sarah, born
April 19, 1867. Besides these, Mrs. B. had
two childi'en as the result of former marriage,
both of whom are dead — John W. Hughes,
born July 11, 1848, and died in infancy;
William F., born August 19, 1850, and died
in infancy. Mr. B. came to this county from
Indiana, in 1853, and settled in Orange
Township, near where he now lives. He is
engaged in general farming and owns a farm
of 380 acres of land. They are members of
the Methodist Episcopal Church at St, Pauls.
Have been members of the church for twen-
ty-five years, sixteen years of the time held
official connection, in the capacity of Class-
leader and Steward. Mrs. B. ha? been con-
nected with the church over forty years.
SAMUEL BLANKENBEKER, farmer, P.
O. Martinsville. Samuel Blankenbeker is
the seventh of a family of ten children of
Felix and Mary Blankenbeker. He was born
in Harrison County, Ind., October 11. 1821.
He was reared on the farm, and educated in
the common schools. He was married Octo-
ber 26, 1843, in Indiana, to Miss Mary A.
Hull, daughter of John and Susan Hull. She
was born in Virginia Febrviary 8, 1826, and
came to Indiana with her parents when a
child. She died on March 18, 1868. Their
union was blessed with five children, viz.:
Evaline, the wife of David Ferrel, born De-
cember 16, 1844; George, born May 5, 1846,
married to Naoma Dix; Ellen, wife of John
Baker, born January 15, 1849, died on De-
cember 16, 1869, leaving one child, Savilla
Baker; Savilla, the wife of Wily W. Phil-
lippe, born March 21, 1851; and William C,
born June 15, 1853, married to Priscilla
Fix. Oiar subject was married to his present
wife, Elizabeth H. Cooper, widow of John
Cooper, and daughter of Samuel and Agnes
Midkiff, on the 13th of June, 1869. She
was born in Shelbyville, Ind., June 15, 1832.
Her father was born in Kentucky, and the
mother, Agnes Rodopher, was a native of
Virginia. They moved to this county from
Indiana, in 1857. They settled in Martins-
ville Township, where they died — the mother
October 1, 1875, and the father September
ANDERSON TOWNSHIP.
217
22, 1877. They were members of the Baptist
Church. Mr. Blaakenbeker came to this
county in September, 1852, and settled where
he now lives, where he owns a farm of 200
acres. He is engaged in stock-raising to some
extent. He is a man who enjoys the confi-
dence of the people, is a Democrat, and has
several years served the township offi-
cially.
d. M. ELLINGTON, farmer, P. O. Mar-
tinsville, son of Jonathan and Ruth (Price)
Ellington, the seventh of twelve children,
was born in Madison County, Ohio, July 1,
1830. His father was born in Kentucky
about the year 1801, and died in Harrison
County, Ohio, in 1857. His mother, a niece
of Gen. Sterling Price, of Missouri, was
born in Ohio in 1805, and at this writing
(February, 1883), she is living in Orange
Township, Clark County. Mr. Ellington
moved to this county at an early day and at-
tended the subscription schools of Orange
Township, before the present system of pub-
lic schools was inaugurated. In November,
1863, Mr. Ellington was married to Miss
Mary Rubottom, daughter of Joseph and
Elizabeth (Westfall) Rubottom. Of this
maiTiage, there are eight children living, two
having died in infancy. Those living are
Joseph F., Lizzie M. , Sai'ah, Susan, Cora L. ,
Anna G., May and Mary. Mr. Ellington has
a well-improved farm of 120 acres in Orange
Township, all in cultivation. In religion,
Mr. Ellington is liberal. In politics. Dem-
ocratic. He cast his first vote for James Bu-
chanan.
ANDERSON TOWNSHIP.
THOMAS CRAIG, Jr., farmer, P. O.Mar-
shall, son of William "W. Craig and Catharine
(Serwies) Craig, and grandson of Thomas
Craig, Sr., was born in Anderson Township,
Clai-kCo., 111., June 27, 1853. Mr. Craig's
father, William W., was born in Indiana
September 21, 1826, and died in Clark
County, 111., in March, 1867. Catharine
(Serwies) Craig, mother of the subject of
this notice, was bom in Wurtemberg, Ger-
many, in 1827, came to America with her par-
ents in 1829 or 1830, and at this writing
(February, 1883), resides in Anderson Town-
ship, Clark County. Mr. Craig was the third
of eight children, five of whom are still liv-
ing, three having died in infancy. Hav-
ing completed his education in the public
schools of his native county, Mr. Craig com-
menced business life as a school teacher, and
has followed that occupation for ten years;
in May, 1877. he was maiTied to Miss Mary
C. Holwick, daughter of Daniel and Adeline
(Fogle) Holwick. The wife's father was
born in Ohio about 1830; her mother, a na
tive of the same State, was born about 1835,
are both living (February, 1883) in Darwin
Township. In politics, Mr. Craig is Demo-
cratic, and he has been elected to several of-
fices by that party. In April, 1874, he was
elected Township Assessor, and served two
years ; in April, 1876, Township Collector,
serving one year ; in April, 1879, School
Trustee, serving three years, and in April,
1882, Justice of Peace, which office he now
(February, 1883) holds. Mr. Craig has a
well-improved farm of 160 acres in Anderson
Township, on which he resides.
JOHN HOLLER, farmer, P. O. Marshall,
born February 6, 1828, in Wurtemberg,
Germany. He is a grandson of Jacob
M
218
BIOGRAPHICAL:
Holler, born and died in Germany ; he was a
shoe-maker by occupation. His son, John
Holler, Sr., was born 1800, in Germany, he
died 1868, in this county. He served six
years in the German Army; he was married
there to Anna Mary Mack, born 1800; she
died 1855; she was the mother of five chil-
dren, viz., Jacob, Henry, Katharin, Mary
and John, our subject, who came to the United
States with his parents in 1829, living
several years in Little York, Penn., about
eight years in Marion County, Ohio, and in
1841 he came to this county, where he was
joined in matrimony, November 1, 1855, to
Dartha Strohm, born June 25, 1830, in Al-
sace, Germany, daughter of George J. and
Margaret E. (Spitler) Strohm. Mrs. Holler
is the mother of eight children now living —
Emma, born February 29, 1860; Lizzie, born
November 7, 1862; AnnaD., born September
9, 1864; Barbara E., born February 23, 1866;
John A., born January 19, 1868; Katy,
born April 15, 1870; Eosetta, born January
5, 1872; Flora TJ., born July 5, 1874. Mr.
and Mrs. Holler are members of the Evangel-
ical Church. He has a farm of 155 acres,
with good buildings; has been School Direc-
tor. Mr. Holler is a Democrat.
Biographies Received Too Late for Insertion in Proper Place.
MARSHALL
GEORGE A. HIPPARD, merchant, Mar-
shall. While the term " he is a self-made man"
is often so unjustly applied as to become a lit-
tle monotonous, yet he whose name heads these
lines is justly and fully entitled to the distinc-
tion. Away back in the famous old State of
Virginia, in Middlebrook, Augusta County,
January 26, 1830, the subject of this sketch
first saw the light, born of English parentage.
His father, George, was born in Pennsylvania,
in 1798, and is still living at Westerville, Ohio.
His mother's maiden name was Sarah Lawman.
His parents were married in 1828, and George
A. is the second child of a family of eight chil-
dren. The familj' migrated from Virginia to
Richland County, Ohio, in 1837, where they re-
sided about seven years, and removed to Preble
County, same State. The mother died when the
boy was twelve years old. Afterward the family
removed to Butler County, Ohio, where the
father remarried, and the family resided for
many years. His father was neither rich nor
poor, yet in such circumstances as to be able
to give each of his children that best of all
TOWNSHIP.
capital, a good English education; though liis
means were such as to preclude any financial
assistance, on arriving at full age young George
received his first eduational instruction in Shel-
by, and later in Camden, Ohio. His first vent-
ure in life was at the age of fourteen, when he
became an engineer in a woolen factor^-, and
retained the position for two years. At the
age of sixteen, he commenced to learn the
tailor's trade, which he followed for many 3' ears,
with varying success, but never disheartened
— never discouraged. In 1856, he turned his
face toward the West, and on a bleak, bluster-
ing November day, he arrived in Marshall a
stranger, with but 25 cents in his pocket. The
prospect was anything but bright, but with that
characteristic energy that has ever marked his
life, he at once began to cast around for some-
thing to do. He lauded one evening and be-
fore noon the next day had opened an humble
tailor shop, and was waiting for his first job.
In the great battle of life, pluck, vim and en-
ergy are always victorious, and never was this
more fully illustrated than in this case. He
BIOGRAPHICAL:
219
battled along about a j'ear, accumulating a lit-
tle all the time, and at last was able to enlarge
his business bj* purchasing a few pieces of
cloth, thus adding a merchant tailoring depart-
ment. By close application to his business and
that fair dealing for which he has ever been
known, and b}- which he laid the foundation of
his future success, ho prospered, and his busi-
ness increased beyond his most sanguine ex-
pectations. In 1860, he married Miss Lizzie
Stinnett, a most estimable lady, who became
the mother of two children:— the elder now
Mrs. Cora Blakie, and William C. Hippard.
His business under his careful rnanagement
continued to prosper, his home was happy, and
the future seemed bright indeed. But death
crossed his threshold, and in December, 1863,
he was called upon to mourn the loss of his
beloved wife. In the spring of 1864, he put
into execution a long-cherished design — that
of entering the drj- goods business. He there-
fore closed out his tailoring establishment and
investing his all in merchandise, launched upon
the great and treacherous mercantile sea, on
which so few float and so many sink. Many
predicted that he would be engulfed. But heed-
less of their prophecies, he kept bravely on.
Being a splendid judge of every kind of goods,
a safe and close buyer, he took advantage of
everj- market, sold at small margins, dealt just
and honorably with all, and soon weathered
every gale and rode in the peaceful waters of
prosperity' and assured success. In August,
1874, he married Mrs. Mary A. Killie, two sons
being the result of this union. 5Ir. Hippard
is in the very prime of life, of medium build,
solid and compact, and deliberate in his move-
ments. He is sober, temperate and industrious,
and of active habits. He is a man of clear
head, sound judgment and foresight, a born
merchant. He is a man qf generous impulses
and warm friendships. Though occupied with
the affairs of trade, Mr. Hippard has alwaj-s
found time to post himself on the leading is-
sues of the day, and has always been an ardent
partisan, though never allowing political mat-
ters to interfere with his business. From his
majoritj' until within the last few j^ears, he was
identified with the Democratic party, but be-
came a convert to the financial theories of the
Greenback party, and is known politically as a
Greenback Democrat. In religious belief, we
believe Mr. Hippard is a Presbyterian. He is
also a Mason. It must be a matter of proud
reflection for him, as he looks over the long
and busj' j-ears that mark the pathwaj' of his
life, to think that from his humble beginning,
by business probity, straightforward and hon-
orable dealing, energy and perseverance, ho has
built up a business second to none in
Eastern Illinois. His name is a household
word in Clark County, and is known to and
his custom sought b3' the prominent whole-
sale merchants of the East. He is yet hale
and vigorous, and destined, we hope, for
many years to manage and superintend his
extensive and constantly increasing busi-
ness.
WABASH
WILLIAM MACHLAN, merchant, Macks-
ville, Ind. William Machlan is a son of
Homer and Catharine (Glover) Machlan, and
was born in Clark County, 111., November
30, 1855. His father was born March 31,
1831, in Rush County, Ind., and was the
second of a family of three children of Will-
TOWNSHIP.
iam E. Machlan and Elizabeth Stiles ; the
former born in 1799, in Pennsylvania, and
the latter in 1804, in Lavn-enceburg, Ind.
Soon after marriage, they settled in Rush
County, Ind., where the father died July 28,
1833, leaving three children, viz. : Sarah,
wife of I. P. Brown ; Homer, and George
220
BIOGRAPHICAL:
W. Machlan. The mother afterward mar-
ried Randolph Lee, with whom she lived un-
til the time of her death, which occurred in
March, 1860. Homer Machlan was married
September 5, 1854, in Clark County, to Miss
Catharine Glover, daughter of William and
Nancy (Downey) ©-lover. Her father was
born in Pennsylvania August 8, 1789, and
served as a soldier through the war of 1812,
and was married, September 23, 1819, to Miss
Nancy Do^Tiey, who was born in March,
1777. They had a family of five children,
of whom Mrs. M. is the youngest. She was
born in Muskingum County, Ohio, April 24,
1882, and came to this county with her
parents in 1S52. Here the mother died,
September 3. 1 SoS. Her father subsequently
married Lucinda Travioli, and died at his
home. December 14, 1872. Homer Mach-
lan has a family of four children, of whom
one is deceased, viz. : William T. Machlan,
born November 80, 1855 ; Walter B., born
October 24, 1857, and married to Miss Adelia
Sims ; Ella M., born May 14, 1864, and died
September 20, 1865 ; Nancy A. , born August
16, 1867. Our subject was principally
educated in Marshall, and married on
the 23d of March, 1882, to Miss Jennie
Broadhurst, of Vigo County, Ind. She was
born October 5, 1862. Mr. Macklin, since
April, 18S0, has been engaged in the mer-
cantile business on the Terre Haute & Dar-
win road, in the southeast part of the town-
ship of Warren; carries a stock of gen-
eral merchandise.
CASEY TOWNSHIP.
B. F. WARD, editor Casey Banner, was
born in Bath, Steuben County, N. Y., June
15, 1887. a son of David N. H. and Mary
(Webb) Ward. His father was a physician,
having graduated at Bm-lington, Vt. He
emigrated West, and settled in Tuscola,
111., in 1860, and died four yeai-s later. He
was a Royal Arch Mason, and was buried
with honors by his lodge. The mother of
our subject was a native of Allegany
County, N. Y. At the time of her marriage
she received 160 acres of laud from her
father, which now lies within the limits of
the city of Hornellsville. N. Y. She died
in Tuscola, 111. She was a second cousin of
Henry Ward Beecher, and our subject's un-
cle, Josiah, married a sister of Horatio
Seymour. The parents were blessed with
seven children, three of whom are living —
B. F., W. H. and Flora. Our subject re-
ceived a country school education, and was
brought lip in the drug store of his father,
and also, when quite young, worked in a
printing office. In August, 1862, he enlisted
as musician in Company B, Seventy-ninth
Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and served
nearly two years. He took part in the
memorable battles of Stone River, Lookout
Mountain and the siege of Chattanooga, be-
sides many other skirmishes. He was pro-
moted to the position of Regular Ai-my Hos-
pital Steward, which he filled till the close of
the war. At Nashville, he was Surgeon to a
regiment of colored guards. He returned
home, and afterward moved to Cumberland
County, this State, and entered into partner
ship with William M. P. Quinn, and prac-
ticed medicine until 1872. He then started
the original Casey Times, which he operated
up to 1878, in which year it was removed to
Marshall, and sold to a stock company, its
name being afterward changed to the East-
ern Illinoisan. He had charge of the paper
at Marshall for one year. In 1879, he started
BIOGRAPHICAL.
221
the Casey Banner, which at once sprung into
popular favor, and it now enjoys an enviable
circulation. Our subject was married in
June, 1868, in Clark County, to Sarah E.
Cook, born in this county, a daughter of
Elisha and Elizabeth (Gorell) Cook, he born
in South Carolina, and she a native of Indi-
ana. Mr. and Mrs. Ward are the parents
of two children, Fairy and Mary K. Mrs.
AVard is a member of the Catholic Church.
He is a member of the A., F. & A. M. , K.
of H. and G. A. R. . being Post Commander
of the latter. In politics, he is Republi-
can.
WESTFIELD
REV. SAMUEL BROWN ALLEN, D. D.,
Casey. Eight or nine miles east of Harris-
burg, the capital of Pennsylvania, may be
found a venerable old homestead, at present
owned and occupied by "William Allen, a
cousin of the subject of this sketch. There
his ancestors settled more than a century
and a half ago ; and, what is rare in this
land of change, that homestead farm has de
scended from fatlier to son for foui- or five
generations. In that vicinity, Samuel B.
Allen was bom January 17, A. D. 1830.
His ancestors, both paternal and maternal,
were among the pioneers of that section of
the new world, to which they had migrated
from the North of Ireland. They were of
the Scotch-Irish descent, than whom, as is
well known, no more worthy race ever graced
this land. His great grandfathers were in
the arena of conflict during the Revolution-
ary war, and contributed to the achievements
over both the British and the Indians. They
also pai-ticipated prominently in the states-
manship of the day, one, at least, having
been a member of the convention that framed
the original constitution of the State of
Pennsylvania. They and their descendants
were zealous supporters of the Gospel of
Christ, associated in those early days with
the Covenanter Church ; but later years
found among the earnest and prominent in
the Presbyterian Chui-ch. They were also
TOWNSHIP.
active in the field of education, according to
the standard of their era ; and in due course
of time they furnished two successive Presi-
dents to Jefferson College, in Western Penn-
sylvania, viz. : Rev. Matthew Brown (who was
an uncle of the brother of President Allen)
followed by his son, Rev. Matthew Brown,
Jr. The father of President Allen was
Samuel Allen, born A. D. 1790, died A. D.
1863. He was a man of vigorous and acute
intellect, who failed, perhaps, of his greatest
usefulness by devoting himself to business
instead of letters. Though utterly opposed
to the war, his patriotism led him to take up
arms during the war of 1812, in which he
served as an officer. His life was not spared
quite long enough to see the extinction of
slavery, of which his sense of justice made
him an ardent opposer. He married Eleanor
Brown, resident of Lycoming County, Penn. ,
whither, in pm-suit of increased prosperity,
her parents had betaken themselves from the
older settlement near Har'risburg. She was
a woman of i-obust nature, amiable spirit,
upright life, and fair education. The boy-
hood of President Allen was spent, in part,
in Harrisburg, Penn., where his education
was begun. While yet young, his parents
emigrated to Center County, Penn., where,
in a district school, their children pursued
their education. Their fom'th child, the
subject of this article, was quite successful
233
BIOGRAPHICAL:
in study, so much so that, before he was six-
teen he was solicited to try his hand at teach-
ing a school, which he conducted prosper-
ously for four months. He had previously
maintained himself, for a time attending
an academy in Bellefont, the pictui'esque
and aristocratic county seat of Centre County,
Penn. After busy years of manual toil in
summers, interspersed, in winter, with study
and teaching, he at length entered Mount
Pleasant College, an institution then doing
good work in Westmoreland County, Penn.
For financial reasons, in A. D. 1856, he took
a situation as teacher in Vincennes Univer-
sity, in Indiana. In A. D. 1858, he was
married to Miss Elizabeth Smith, residing
with her widowed mother near Vincennes,
Ind. Her i-elatives, both Smith and McClure
(her mother's maiden name), were among the
vigorous and enterprising people of that
community and elsewhere, some of them
known in halls of legislation, others as pro-
fessional men. Soon after his marriage, Mr.
Allen re-entered college, and graduated with
approval from Otterbein University, Ohio, in
June, A. D. 1859. Presently he entered the
Theological Seminary at Oberlin, Ohio, but
retired, before finishing the course, to take
charge of Michigan Collegiate Institute, at
Leoni, Mich., where he labored with energy
and success for three years. Then, in A. D.
1862, he was called to a chair of langaages
in his alma mater, Otterbein University. Af-
ter five years of taxing toil, he resigned his
position, doubtful whether his health would
permit his ever undertaking further labor in
teaching. But after two years of variegated
employment and rest, he reluctantly con-
sented to take the position of President of
Westfield College, to which he had been ap-
pointed. His reluctance arose principally
fi-om fears as to his health ; but his endur-
ance far surpassed his expectations, so that
with the college year ending June, 1883, he
will end his fourteenth year in this service.
His work has been done honorably and well.
It is, with him, far more a work of conscience
than is usual. His eye is constantly fixed
upon the best interests of the nation and of
the Christian religion, regarding it as quite
possible that our national liberties might be
lost, but being confident that this sad catas-
trophe is certain to occur unless averted by
the potency of enlightenment and divine
truth, he has patiently toiled these years, not
always understood or fairly treated by the
public. He has confidence in truth. He
dares to maintain his convictions on all sub-
jects, expecting victory at last. He makes
no pretefision to unbounded erudition ; yet
quite unsolicited and unexpected, his alma
mater honored him with the degree of Doctor
of Divinity, her first gift of that kind to one
of her own sons. As a public speaker, he is
rather logical than eloquent ; rather strong
and impressive than brilliant and enchanting.
As a teacher, he laboriously endeavors to
make the most of his ptipils during their
connection with him. This he does, not by
htuTying them over mtich surface, but by
conducting them, by methods of his that are
not unsuccessful, to the principles that ai'e
ftindamental in character. As a disciplin-
arian, his ideas and his j^ractice are expressed
by the words, "Kind and parental, yet firm
and effective." Trttsting much to student's
honor, nevertheless his eyes and ears are not
dull. Offenders are not flattered ; yet no
man ever sought more diligently than Presi-
dent Allen to rescue the erring and establish
them in right paths. "Weak and designing
persons have sometimes branded him as ty-
rannical ; but his associates in governing uni-
formly, with scarcely an exception, declare
that, though thorough a ad searching in
bringing evil-doers to account, his voice al-
BIOGRAPHICAL:
ways favored all allowable forbearance and
leniency. Many a hard case has, in later
years, tenderly acknowledged his obligations
to the friendly remonstrances, together with
the faithful firmness and counsel of this self-
sacrificing teacher.
MELROSE
THE COWDEN FAMILY. James Cow-
den, who now resides with his son, A. G.
Cowden, on Section 8, Mekose Township,
Clark Co., 111., was born in Loudoun County,
Va. , March 26, A. D. 1805 ; emigrated
with his parents in his early boyhood days to
Licking County, Ohio, where he received a
liberal common school education. His par-
ents were of English stock. He chose farm-
ing and teaching as an occupation, and be-
came inured to all the hardships of a pio-
neer life. Was married in the year 1826 to
Elizabeth Goflf, who was, strictly speaking,
of pure Yankee extraction, having been born
and reared in Rutland County, Vt., her par-
ents being of English extraction. She was
born November 6, 1802. Died August 12,
1866. Was a good scholar ; early espoused
the doctrines of Methodism, and was un-
flinching in her religious belief. Her oldest
brother, Abner Gofif, was a noted pioneer
Methodist preacher. Seven children were
the result of this union — four sons and three
daughters. Angeline, the oldest, was born
September 9, 1827, married to A. J. Hower-
ton in 1845, died March 29, 1865, leaving a
large family of children, all of whom are
now living save one. Caroline, the next in
age, was born June 29, 1829, and is still liv-
ing with her husband, William Cjx. and fam-
ily, in the city of Lockport, Will Co., 111.,
their family consisting of one son, James A.
Cox. Abner G., the third in age, was born
December 30, 1831 -, died October 15, 1855 ;
was single at the time. Benson L. was born
September 17, 1836, died February 28, 1858,
TOWNSHIP,
was unmarried. James Orin was born Jan-
uary 10, 1839, died September 10, 1843. Al-
mira M. was born November 8, 1841, and is
still living with her husband, John C. Elston,
in Anderson Township, and is the mother of
four children, namely, Frank G. , James D. ,
Leroy and Maud. All the children of James
Cowden, with the exception of Almira, were
born in the State of Ohio. In the fall of
the year 1839, he removed to Clark County,
111., and bought Government land near Mar-
tinsville. At that time Clark County was al-
most an unbroken wilderness. Four or five
log houses constituted the village of Martins-
ville, which was then the business center for
the inhabitants of the suiTounding forests ;
wild deer would occasionally gallop through
town chased by some hunter's hound.
James Cowden has killed ninety-six deer
with one gun ; they were so plentiful that it
required but little effort to secure a buck. In
the year 1848, he settled on Section 16,
in Melrose Township, and made a farm in the
timber, where he resided till the year 1866 ;
since that time he has resided with his son,
A. G. Cowden, and is at this time hale and
strong, though in his seventy-ninth year ;
was the first Supervisor of Melrose Town-
ship, after the adoption of township organ-
ization. His parents' history in brief : Da-
vid Cowden was born September 7, 1785 ; died
April 5, 1839, aged fifty-three years. Ee-
beeca Cowden was born February 28, 1785;
died July 16,1855, aged seventy years ; they
were born and resided in Loudoun Coimty,
Va.
234
BIOGRAPHICAL:
ALFRED G. COWDEN. The subject of
this sketch is the second son of James and
Elizabeth Cowden; was born in Knox Coun-
ty, Ohio, June 8, 1834 ; removed with his
l)arents to Clark County, III., in the year
1839, and lived on a farm the greater part of
his life ; received a liberal common school
education, and by close application to his
studies was able to pass a successful examin-
ation, and began teaching in the year 1856
in the Martinsville district, where he first
learned his letters in the year 1840, sixteen
years prior to the time he taught his first
school. Since that time he has taught twen-
ty-four terms of school in the county, fifteen
of which he taught in Melrose Township ;
has passed successful examinations under the
supervision of all the County Superintend-
ents of Schools since 1856, and has kept
pace, and by dint of hard study has been
able to hold an honorable place with the
craft, and a first-grade certificate. In poli-
tics he is a Eepublican, and early in life de-
nounced human slavery in all its forms as a
sin against God and man, and cast his first
vote for the Pathfinder for President (1856),
and since that time has espoused the cause
of Eepublicanism. Was married, April 3,
1859, to Margaret Wells, the youngest
daughter of Nathan Wells, of the town of
Melrose, she then being in her eighteenth
year, having been born in the year 1841, in
Melrose, six children being the result of this
union— Emma F., born February 2, 1860,
and in her sixteenth year was a teacher in
the common schools ; was married July 14.
1878, to Charles Hodges, and resides in Mel-
rose Township on a farm. Nora was born
May 17, 1862, and is now a teacher in the
common schools ; Minnie A. was born No-
vember 15, 1866 ; Ola was born March 3,
1869 : May was born March 20, 1871 ; Net-
tie C. was born August 31, 1874, there hav-
ing been no deaths in the family of either
pai-ents or children. He has held all the of-
fices in the township, and was never defeated;
was elected Justice of the Peace in the year
1876, and re-elected in the year 1881. He
resides on a farm on Section 8, in Melrose
Township, is a successful farmer and stock-
raiser, teaching in the winter months. W as
representative to the Grand Lodge of I. O.
O. F. for eight consecutive sessions.
^'%^^^f
PART IV
Biographical Sketches.
CRAWFORD COUNTY.
ROBINSON TOWNSHIP.
FEANCIS M. ADAMS, son of Thomas
Adams, was bom October 20, 1860, in this
county. He was raised on a farm; his facil-
ities for ediTcation were the common schools
of the county; he was married in this county
January, 1880, to Sarah A. Kirk, daughter
of Jacob Kirk; has one child— William
Jacob. He owns 109 acres. Politically, is
Democratic.
JOSEPH ALEXANDER, faimer, P. O.
Robinson, was born May 23, 1811, in Lick-
ing County, Ohio, where he was brought up;
he engaged in farming, when he started for
himself. In 1847, he came to Crawford
County, 111., and located in the northwest
part of Robinson To\TOship. In 1853, he
purchased 160 acres of land to which he
added 120 acres, which he aftei-ward sold.
In 1858, he bought forty acres, to which he
since added 240 acres. Mr Alexander was
maiTied May 2, 1854, in this county, to Miss
Lydia King. Politically, he is a Republican.
He is of Scotch and English nationality.
SING B. ALLEN, lawyer, real estate and
abstract office, Robinson. The subject of
this sketch was born in Rockville, Ind., Sep-
tember 7, 1840. When six yeai-s of age his
father removed to Texas. In 1857, subject
went to Washington, D. C, where for two
years he was a clerk in the House of Repre-
sentatives. He then went to Clarksville,
Tenn., where he attended Stewart College
for eighteen months, when he came to
Palestine, 111., and entered upon the stiidy
of law with his uncle. Judge Allen, of Pales-
tine. He was admitted to the bar in 1863,
and -came to Robinson and commenced the
practice of his profession, but did not con-
tinue long, until he was elected to the office
of Circuit Clerk, a position he held for ten
years, when he retired. Since 1876, he has
been in the business of abstracting, law
and real estate, and is a member of the
firm of Wilson, Maxwell & Allen. Mi-. All-
ien is a Democrat, and has been Master in
Chancery, appointed by Judge Halley in
1877, also served as School Treasiu-er since
1868. He was manied, in 1876, to Miss
Lydia Whittaker, of this town. They have
two children, a son and a daughter — Byrl
and Belle.
HUGH E. ALLEN, Deputy County Clerk,
Robinson; is a sou of Robert N. and Marga-
ret A. (McNutt) Allen, the former a native of
226
BIOGRAPHICAL:
Kentucky, and the latter of Virginia. They
moved to Parke County, Ind., and from
thence to Texas, where they both died.
Hugh E., the subject, was born in Koekville,
Parke Co., Ind., June 3, 1845. His facilities
for an education were such as were afforded
by the common schools. In September,
1861, though but sixteen years old, he en-
listed in the Eighth Texas Cavalry — better
known as Terry's Texas Rangers, Confeder-
ate Army, for three years or during the war,
at Bastrop, Texas, particij)ating during his
term of service in the battles of Shiloh, Per-
ryville and over three hundi-ed other battles
and skirmishes, remaining faithful to the
"stars and bars" until they went down for-
ever on the field of Appomattox. In 1871,
he came to Eobinson, Crawford County,
where he has resided ever since. He filled
the office of Deputy Circuit Clerk from 1871
to 1877; was appointed Deputy County Clerk
in December, 1878, which position he still
holds; was Acting Justice of the Peace from
May 1, 1877, to 1881. He is a Democrat in
politics, and is a member of the Masonic fra-
ternity. ]VIi-. Allen was married, December
25, 1875, to Miss Louisa E. Miner, in Cum-
berland County, 111., and a daughter of
Hemy A. and Amanda (McConnaha) Miner,
the former born in the State of New York
and in the latter in Ohio. They (subjects)
have thiee childi-en, viz.: Cora L., Robert
H. L. and Oscar W.
D. M. BALES, Sherifi" of county, Robin-
son. The subject of this sketch was born in
Monroe County, Ind., December 1, 1825, and
was brought up principally in Lawrence
County, Ind., on a fai-m. His educational
facilities were limited, and comprised the
ordinaiy schools of the neighborhood, which
in that day were rather poor. He removed
to Crawford County, 111., and located about
four- miles southwest of Robinson. He pur-
chased a tract of wild land, comprising 160
acres of prairie and forty acres of timber.
He built a cabin on it, into which he moved
on the 31st day of December, and the first
year put into cultivation sixty acres of
ground — forty acres of it in com, which ma-
tui-ed well and in good time. He improved
his farm and put it in fine condition, and in
1864 sold it for $4,000. He bought another
farm, and continued farming and milling,
having pui-chased a steam saw mill, and
bought and sold several farms, until the pres-
ent time. He is a Democrat in politics, and
a member of the Methodist Episcopal
Church, and has the sti-ongest faith in his
politics and his religion. In 1882, he was
elected Sheriff of the county, which office he
now holds. He has held the office of Justice
of the Peace and Supervisor of his township
(Martin); the latter he held for two terms.
He was married in Lawrence County, Ind.,
to Miss Hannah Henderson, who died of
spotted fever January 24, 1872, at which
time he lost three members of his family
within a month. Of a family of ten chil-
dren, eight survive, viz. : Sarah J., Mary E.,
Andrew J., Martha, Ellen, Euphemia, Will-
iam T., and David M. Dead — Charles N. and
James L. He was married a second time m
this county in 1875, to Sarah Winger, by
whom he has one child — A. A. Bales.
L. H. BARLOW, lawyer, Robinson, was
born November 1, 1854, and is a native of
this county. His father is also a native of
the county, and said to be the first white
child born in it. Subject was raised on a
farm, where he continued until 1880, farm-
ing and teaching school occasionally; when
tiring of these piu-suits, he commenced the
study of law under Judge Robb, and in
May, 1882, was admitted to the bar, and en-
tered at once upon the practice of his profes-
sion in the town of Robinson. He was mar-
ROBINSON TOWNSHIP.
227
ried December 31, 1874, to Miss Melcona
Morris, of this county. Tliey have two
childi-en — J. Edgar and Cora M.
EZE9:iEL BISHOP, retired farmer, P. O.
Robinson. Among the pioneers of Crawford
County, who are still living, is he whose
name heads this sketch, and whose portrait
appears elsewhere in this volume. He has
lived in the county for more than half a cen-
tury, and has seen it a hov^rling wilderness
infested by wild beasts, transformed into a
land (figuratively) flowing with milk and
honey. Mr. Bishop was born in Wayne
County, N. C, February 22, 1816, and came
to Illinois in 1828, with his parents, locating
in Crawford County. Ho has followed
farming most of his life, and owns a farm of
200 acres near Hutsonville, also an excellent
residence and other jjroperty in Robinson,
where he has resided for the past few years.
In 1837, he was married to Miss Rebecca
Musgrave in Vigo County, Ind. , who died
in January, 1881, at the age of sixty-six
yeai-s, leaving four chikh-en, viz. : Priscilla,
George W., who lives in Washington Terri-
tory, Lucy M. and Amanda E. Mr. Bishop
was married a second time on the 9th of
August, 1881, to Mary J. Musgrave, of this
County.
P. G. BRADBURY, State's Attorney, Rob-
inson, one of the most distinguished and suc-
cessful young attorneys in this part of Illi-
nois, is the gentleman whose name heads
this biography. He is a native of Crawford
County, 111., being born October 6, 1847; is
a son of John S. Bradbury, whose portrait
and sketch appears elsewhere. He was the
second of three children by his father's union
with Jemima Buckner, who died when our
subject was quite small. His father's busi-
ness being that of a ruralist, from early boy-
hood until he reached the age of twenty-one,
P. G. worked on the farm with unceasing
industry, the only relaxation being his at-
tendance at the York schools from five to six
months during the winters, imtil he was
twenty years old. He had the advantage of
the Normal Schools of Bloomington and Car-
bondale. 111., a short time. At the age of
fifteen, he fonned a dislike for farming and
decided upon a broader field of labor. His
ambition did not slumber, and his zeal for
his anticipated profession, that of law,' did
not abate; and, of coui-se, prosperity crowned
his efforts. So anxious was he to gain the
knowledge requisite to his future prosperity,
that he carried his history and algebra to the
field with him, and while the horses were
resting, he applied himself vigorously to
those two studies. Soon after attaining his
majority, he passed an examination and was
awarded a certificate to teach in the common
schools of both Clark and Crawford Counties.
He at once began teaching in the Mail neigh-
borhood, in his native borough at $33^ per
month. He continued the labor of a peda-
gogue for ten consecutive years, receiving for
his last term a compensation of $110 per
month. Diu-ing his labor in the school-
room, he saved $1,700, a portion of which he
loaned and the remainder was used to defray
necessary expenses. His reputation soon be-
came widespread, and eveiy year increased
the demand of his services and added laurels
to his professional career, and accordingly,
in 1873, he was elected Superintendent of
schools of Crawford County, which position
he resigned within about three years to ac-
cept the office of State's Attorney, which was
tendered him in 1876. which position he has
held ever since. He began reading law with
Judge RoVib, of Robinson, in 1874, and was
examined by the Supreme Com't at Mt. Ver-
non, 111., and was admitted to the bar in
1876. He at once formed a partnership with
his preceptor, which still exists. During his
228
i3I0GRAPHICAL:
first term as State's Attorney, he turned over
to the school funds $1,859 as fines. Before
this time, the records don't show one cent
ever having been reported by any previous
prosecutor. He has been very earnest as an
ofiScial, and has convicted nearly oOO persons
for felonies and misdemeanors. It is not
often we find in one man such a devotion to
his profession and to science, and at the
same time such an undaunted public spirit
as we find in Mr. Bradbiu-y. In his profes-
sion he is possessed of a fu-mness, a calm,
cool brain, a quick, unfailing eye, a steady
nerve, a strength of will, and a physical en-
dui-ance, which give him so much distinction
as a prosecutor. He performs a prodigious
amount of professional labor — enough to
banki-upt the physical system of any man of
ordinary endurance — but yet he finds time
to attend to scores of enterprises of a local
but important character. Everything he
undertakes bears the unmistakable impress
of his energy, sound judgment and genius.
In addition to all this, he is a thorough scholar,
and a true gentleman, and enjoys the abid-
ing confidence and respect of the people for
his manly character and imimpeached integ-
rity. He is an energetic Democrat, and
labors ardently for the success of the party.
He was married December 31, 1879, to Jen.
nie Kellpy, born December 5, 1855, in Sulli-
van County, Ind, Her father, James Kelley,
was a native of Ireland, and came to Sulli-
van County, Ind., when a boy; started there
with nothing, and at his decease in 1801,
was worth $50,000. Her mother, Melinda
(Johnson) Kelley, was a native of Sullivan
County, Ind. , and blessed Mr. K. with three
children, viz. : William, John and Jennie.
The mother was married after the decease of
Mr. Kelley to Dr. Van Vleck, of New York,
who is also deceased. She survives on the
old farm in her native county. Mrs. Brad-
bury was educated at the State Normal
School, Terre Haute, Ind. ; is a very pleasant,
affable lady, and belongs to the Methodist
Episcopal Church. Mi-. B. is a member of the
A., F. & A. M. Lodge of Robinson.
THOMAS N. BROWNING, Justice of
the Peace and insurance agent, Robinson,
was born October 25, 1844, in Harrison
County, Ind. ; came to Crawford County, 111.,
with his jaarents at the age of five, and has
made this his home since, with the exception
of three years spent in Terre Haute. His
father died when he was about seven years
old, and he was put out among strangers.
He gained his education princiisally in the
school of experience. He was married, Sep-
tember 26, 1866, to Miss Sarah A. Huls,
daughter of Joseph Huls. a well and
favorably known family of this county.
After farming one year, removed to Terre
Haute, and in the employ of the Terre
Haute iron and nail works remained four
years. He then removed to his farm, five
miles north of town, and farmed two years.
In 1874, he was elected Justice of the Peace,
and moved to Robinson, and has served in
that capacity continuously since. He does a
good business in insurance. He represents the
following reliable companies; Home, Phenix,
German-American of New York, Royal,
German, both of Freeport and Peoria, 111.
When civil war threatened our republic, Mr.
Browning was one of that number to volun-
teer in defense of the union and liberty. Al-
though too young for service as a common
soldier, he enlisted as a di'ummer boy in
Company F, Sixty-second Illinois, for a term
ot three years, at the expiration of which ho
veteranized for another term of three years
or during the war. He was placed on the
staff of musicians as a drummer boy, in
which position he served till the " regimental
band " was organized. He was made a pris-
ROBINSON TOWNSHIP.
2i9
oner at Holly Springs, and paroled on the
ground and sent to Benton Ban-acks, Mo.,
where they were exchanged. "SVas discharged
at Little Rock, Ai-k., March 15, 1860, after a
service of four years and three months. He
was elected Captain of Company D. Seven-
teenth Battalion Illinois National Guards.
Also served on Col. Smith's staff as inspector
of rifle practice with the rank of Captain.
He is a member of the Masonic and Odd Fel-
lows fraternities. His children are Clifford,
Leola H. , lona Lee and Ralph H.
E. BRUBAKER, of the lirm of Wiseman
& Brubaker, proprietors of the Robinson
planing mills, was boi-n February 10, 1842,
in Lawrence County, Ohio. In 1856, came
to Illinois and engaged in farming, afterward
in carpentering in Terre Haute. In August,
1862, enlisted in the war. Company E, Eighty-
fifth Indiaaa. "Was assigned to the army
of the Cumberland; was in Sherman's march
to the sea, and participated in that cam-
paign. Was discharged in June, 1865. He
was married, December 27, 1800, to Miss
Mary M. Batey, and has three children —
Charles Clifford, William Arthur and Kate
Alma. He is a member of the Knights of
Honor, also of the Methodist Episcopal
Church. The father of oiu- subject was John
Brubaker, a native of Pennsylvania, bom in
1818, and died in 1845. His mother's
maiden name was Mary E. Ai-thur, born in
1822, and still living.
EDWIN F. BULL, merchant, Robinson.
The subject of this sketch was born in 1817,
in Lexington, Ky., the metropolis of the
world-renowned Blue Grass Region, where
he lived until he was eighteen years of age.
He then entered the Te.Kan war, serving the
Texan Government about two years, after
which he went on board a vessel as assistant
supercargo. He followed the sea some six
years, and then went to Iowa and engaged
in the mercantile business at Wapello, where
he remained until 1803, when he sold out
and came to Charleston, 111., and bought a
farm in Coles County, which he operated
several years. He sold his farm and en-
ffRcred in the boot and shoe business, which
he afterward sold aud went to coopering,
but was burnt out in 1873; he then came to
Robinson and bought out Francis Lucas' dry
goods, boots, shoes, etc., which business he
is still engaged in, with an extensive trade,
selling from S15,000 to $20,000 worth of
goods annually. jMr. Bull was married, in
1846, to Miss Nancy McKenny, and has four
childi-en living, viz.: Emma, Theodore,
John and James. He is a member of the
Masonic fraternity,
HON. ETHELBERT CALLAHAN, law
yer, Robinson. Mr. Callahan, whose portrait
appears in this work, was born in Licking
Couity, Ohio, December 17, 1829. His an-
cestors, contemporaries of Daniel O'Connell,
left " Old Ireland " to find a home free from
opj)ressiou in the new world, and engaged
in the primitive pm-suit of tilling the soil,
Mr. Callahan followed in the footsteps of his
father, and spent the first twenty years of
his life iu farming. During this time, he
enjoyed the advantages of a common school
education. At the age of twenty, he resolved
to leave the parental home and push his fort-
une in the then great West. Accordingly, he
arrived in Crawford County in the spring of
1849. When Mr. Callahan left the parental
roof, he had but a few dollars in his pocket,
and he started out with his little pack con-
taining all his worldly possessions, taking his
course on the National road running centrally
through Ohio. Indiana, Illinois to St. Louis.
Over this route he could pick vip many chance
rides when his means ran too low to travel
by stage coach. Soon after crossing the Ohio
line, ho had found the bottom of his pocket,
330
BIOGRAPHICAL;
and stopping at one of the many country
hotels, which abounded along that then great
national thoroughfare, which occupied almost
as great a niche in the histoiy of the coun-
try in connection with immigration as the
Pacific Railroad does at Ihe present. On ask-
ing for a night's lodging and telling his
financial condition, he was offered work
through harvest, which was then just on
hand. This he gladly accepted, and by it he
raised sufficient funds to enable him to reach
Crawford County by a careful husbanding
of his means. He was possessed of fine
physical health, and a determination and will
to sixcceed. He immediately cast about him
for something to do, and as he had improved
his oppoi'tunities both in and out of school,
he was specially qualified for teaching, a po-
sition which was lacking at that time in first
class qualifications in this county. He ac-
cepted a position as teacher of a country school
the wages at that time being merely nomi-
nal with that paid at present. This he fol-
lowed, alternately working on the farm for
three years, when he took a position as a
clerk in the store of Preston Bros. , where he
remained for a time, when he purchased the
Hutsonville Journal printing office, and took
charge of the paper and commenced his pol-
itical career, taking strong grounds in favor
of free territories and free States. He con-
tinued in the newspaper business about a
year. His vigorous intellect, under a proper
com'se of reading and study, had been ex-
panding, and then he entered the memorable
campaign of 1856, with a mind well stored
with facts and fancy, and acquitted himself
with honor as a campaign speaker. In 1857,
he was elected a Justice of the Peace, and
commenced the study of law. In 1859, he
was admitted to the bar, and almost at once
took rank among the oldest and best lawyers
at the bar of the county. He continued to
reside at Hutsonville until 1861, when he
removed to Robinson in order to be at the
headquarters of the coui't. He had in his
two years' practice made such a reputation as
a lawyer and a pleader, that there was not a
case in our court of the least importance
upon which he was not engaged on one side
or the other, and when a law suit was about
to come up it was a race between the liti-
gants as to which should see Callahan first.
His reputation was not confined to the county
alone, but in the neighboring counties of the
circuit he was employed in important cases,
both civil and criminal, and he enjoys a
large practice in the Circuit, Appellate, Su-
preme and United States Courts at Spring-
field. In his extensive practice, he has been
almost iiniversally successful, frequently gain-
ing cases in jury trials that when he took
charge of them looked almost hopeless. He
is conscientious, however, in his practice,
being careful to ascertain that the cause is a
just one — that his client has a case — before
taking charge of it. In politics, Mr. Calla-
han was originally a Whig, with Free-Soil an-
tecedents, and has been a Republican since
the Republican party was first organized.
Although he has taken an earnest stand for
his party, and given much of his time and
labored hard for its success, he has not en-
joyed miTch of the emoluments of its tri-
umphs. It has been his misfortune, if he
had political aspirations, to live in a section
of the State where his party has been largely
ir: the minority. When the war broke out,
he took his stand boldly in favor of the
prosecution of the war for the preservation
of the Union, and contributed much by his
speaking, working and influence to raising
soldiers and recruiting dejileted ranks. His
pocket-book was always open to the wants
of a crippled or needy soldier, or to the fam-
ilies of those who were at the front. In
ROBINSON TOWNSHIP.
23t
1864, he was nominated by his party for
Congress, and made the race against Judge
S. S. Marshall, in the face of a hopeless op-
position. He made a gallant and noble fight
for the principles of his party, polling a
larger vote than had been anticipated, and
by his clear, logical arguments adding to the
future good of his party. When the State
Board of Equalization was organized under
our new constitution, he was appointed by
the Governor the first member of the Board
for this district, and took a prominent part
in its proceedings. In 1872, he was a can-
didate for nomination by the Republican
State Convention to the office of Attorney
General, and would have received the nomi-
nation had it not been that he was too con-
scientious to resort to the trading and in-
trigues too common in such places. As it
was he was beaten by less than a dozen votes.
In 1874, he was elected as the minority mem-
ber of the State Legislature from this dis-
trict. He took an active and prominent
part in the workings of the session, and came
out of it with a much better reputation than
many others of more experience — the session
of which he was a member being known gen-
erally as " Hoyne's Circus." In the Kepub-
lican State Convention of 1880 IVIr. Callahan
was selected as one of the Presidential elect-
ors for the State at lai-ge, and made a num-
ber of speeches throughout different parts of
the State, contributing largely by his able
and clear presentation of the principles of
his party to the 40,000 majority given by the
State to the lamented James A. Garfield.
jMr. Callahan has been a member of the
Methodist Episcopal Church from his boy-
hood, and, as with everything else, in his re-
ligious views he has been no idler, but an
earnest believer and worker. He has been
either superintendent or a teacher in the
Sunday schools most of his life. Thi'ough
his earnest works the Methodist Episcopal
Church at Robinson, which is a credit to the
town and county, was erected, he paying
more towards its erection than any other
three or foui' members. He was a lay dele-
gate from this State to the National Confer-
ence of the church which met in New York
in 1872, and took an active part in the pro-
ceedings of that body, being on some of its
most important committees. In 1855, he
was maiTied to Mrs. Mary Jones, of Hutson-
ville, who had a young son, now one of the
Circuit Judges of the Fourth District, who re-
sides at Robinson. Since their maiTiage two
children have been born, a son who died
quite young, and a daughter. Miss Mary, who
graduated, in 1879, at the Illinois Female
College, at Jacksonville, and was for a short
time a teacher in the Institution for the
Feeble Minded at Lincoln. This not being to
her tastes, she gave up her position, and
having given her attention somewhat to
painting and drawing while at school, has
recently been a stiident in an art school at
Chicago, and is now devoting her attention
and talents to that of art.
BENJAINIIN V. CAREY, lumber dealer
and Adams express agent, Robinson, a mem-
ber of the.fii-m of Midkiff & Carey, in the
lumber business, was born July 15, 1838. in
Highland County, Ohio. He attended the
common schools of his county, and taught
diu'ing the year of 1857-58; he served an
apprenticeship at carpentering dm-ing his
boyhood. In 1855, he came to Meredosia,
Morgan Co., 111. Jime 1, 1861, he enlisted
in the war in Company I, Twenty-fom-th
Ohio. His command was first assigned to
armies of West Virginia, afterward the Army
of the Cumberland. Was in the following
battles: Green Brier, Bowling Green, Fort
' Donelsou, Shiloh, Stone River, Chickamauga.
He was made a prisoner at Athens. Ala.
232
BIOGKAPHICAL
Upon being shown some open graves he very
willingly took the oath of allegiance. Soon
after was discharged. August 15, 1862, he
enlisted in Company E, One Hundred and
Twenty-second Illinois Volunteers, and was
elected First Lieutenant. His command was
placed on guard of the Mobile & Ohio Rail-
road. The railroad and 300 of his regiment
were captured and paroled on the ground and
escorted to the union lines of Gen. Forrest's
army. Was sent to Benton Barracks, where
he became disabled for service and remained
on the sick list for some time. When the
war closed, he returned to his home in Ma-
coupin County, 111., where he followed the
saw mill business. In 1872, he moved to
Chi-istian County, 111. , and engaged in car-
pentering. In 1876, he removed to Robin-
son, 111. ; has been in the lumber business
since, except two years spent in Indiana. He
was married in Macoupin Covmty, 111., Octo-
ber 2, 1862, to Miss Harriet Nixon, by whom
he has one son, Gen. U. S. Carey, born
February 2, 1864.
JOHN COLLINS, Junction Mills, Robin-
son, is a native of Pennsylvania and was
born June 13, 1830. When but eight years
of age, he removed with his parents to Ohio,
where he gi-ew to manhood. He engaged in
teaming for a time, and afterward in farm-
ing. In 1863, he removed to Crawford
County, 111., and located on a farm in Robin-
son Township. In 1878, he engaged in the
milling and grain business, and is a member
of the firm of Collins & Kirk, in the Junc-
tion Flouring Mills oi Robinson. They turn
out about twenty-five barrels of flour per day,
and have recently doubled the capacity of the
mills. They do a large business in grain,
and for the four months of August, Septem-
ber, October and November shipped 213 car-
loads of wheat and forty car loads of corn.
Mr. Collins is a member of the Masonic fra-
ternity. He has been three times married —
all but his last wife being dead. He has a
family of seven children living. P. S. —
Since the above sketch was written, the Junc-
tion Mills have been destroyed by tire, to-
gether with several thousand bushels of
wheat, involving a loss to Collins & Kirk of
112,000 to §15,000. But with characteristic
energy they are preparing to rebuild their
mills.
J. W. COOPER, butcher and grocer, Rob-
inson, was born October 28, 1826, in Scott
County, Ind. He engaged in farming in Shelby
County, Ind., in 1844, where he remained
till March, 1856, when he removed to Clark
County, 111. ; settled on a farm. In 1872, he
exchanged farms with a neighbor, and crossed
over into Crawford County. February 1,
1882, he removed to Robinson and joined his
son, F. J. Cooper, in the butchering and gro-
cery business. Mr. Cooper has been twice
married. First, September 14, 1847, to
Miss Susanna Robertson: again, December 4,
1854, to Priscilla Wheeler. Has two chil-
dren living by his first wife, and eight by his
second, as follows: F. J. Cooper and I. N.
Cooper by first marriage; J. W., Mary S.,
Emma, Nancy J., Arzela, Leonetta, Rachel
and Eddie.
F. ,). COOPER, butcher and grocer, Rob-
inson, was born June 8, 1848, in Shelby
County, Ind. Removed with his parents in
1858, to Annapolis, Crawford, Co., 111. In
1872, he removed to Robinson and engaged
in his present business of butcher and grocer.
He was mai-ried April 8, 1875, in Hutson-
ville. to Miss Emma Voorhies. They have
two children — Frank and Harry. He is a
member of the Masonic and Odd Fellows
fraternities.
JOHN THOMA.S COX, circuit clerk, Rob-
inson, one of the largest, stoutest and hand-
somest men in Crawford County, is the good-
;?^
ROBINSON TOWNSHIP.
235
nattu-ed clerk of the Circuit Court whose
name stands at the head of this sketch. He
was born in this county April 29, 1843. His
educational facilities were such as the times
afforded, being principally confined to the log
school houses, now things of the past. His
education was finished up with a term at the
public school in Hutsonville. At the age of
eighteen, he entered the ministry, which he
followed about eight yeara as a preacher of
the Christian Chui'ch, and dui'ing his minis-
try he proved himself an able exponent of
the doctrines of the renowned Alexander
Campbell and Barton W. Stone. But after
serving his chui'ch some eight years as a
minister, he retui-ued to his farm (says he re-
formed) near Hutsonville. He continued on
his faim until 1876, when he was elected Cir
cuit Clerk of Crawford County, and in 1880,
he was re-elected to the same office, which he
fills satisfactorily to the people. During his
political canvass he wholly refrained from the
pernicious practice of fi-equenting saloons,
and the soliciting of votes through the influ-
ence of whisky. 'Mi: Cox owns an excellent
farm near Hutsonville of 220 acres, in a fine
state of cultivation. He was married January
16. 1868, to Miss Lucinda J. Buckner, of
Clark County, HI. They have three chil-
dren, viz. : Hattie L., born November 3, 1868;
EstelleE., born July 6, 1870, Manford E.,
born March 20, 1880.
S. B. CROWLEY, carpenter, Robinson,
was born April 26, 1820, in Coshocton
County, Ohio. He followed his trade a
short time, then enlisted in the Mexican
war. Company B, Third Ohio Volunteers;
served hie time and returned home in 1847.
He was elected Sheriff of Coshocton County
for a term of four years. In 1858, he re-
moved to Jasper County, 111. He located
near the Embarass River, and spent his time
in deer hunting till the war broke out. He
enlisted in Company K, Thirty-second Illi-
nois, was elected Captain of the company,
which position he filled for fifteen months.
He resigned this position at Grange, Tenn. ,
and returned home. Was in the battles of
Shiloh, Forts Henry and Donelson, Corinth.
He farmed till 1868, when he was elected
Sheriff of Jasper County; was re-elected in
1870. In 1871, he resigned that position
and removed to Robinson, 111. He was
married August 3, 1847, in Coshocton County,
Ohio, to Miss Elizabeth Williams. Has a
family of five children living, namely: Mrs.
Julia A. Parker, Joseph B. , a member of the
law firm of Parker & Crowley, Mrs. Marga-
ret Talbot, Charles W. and Emma. He is a
Royal Arch Mason and member of the Odd
Fellows and a Democrat.
DR. C. C. DAVIS, physician, Robinson,
was born January 23, 1830, and is a son of
the Hon. John Wesley Davis. The latter was
bom April 16, 1799, in New Holland, Lan-
caster Co., Penn., where most of his time was
spent on his father's farm, until he was seven-
teen years of age. He graduated at the Uni-
versity of Maryland, in Baltimore, April 2,
1821, and after several unsuccessful attempts
to practice medicine in different towns in
Maryland, he, in 1823, came to Carlisle, Ind.
Here he soon gained his share of practice.
His political career dates from 1829, when
he was elected Sergeant-at Arms of the Indi-
ana State Senate. From this time until his
death in 1859, he was one of the prominent
men of Indiana. He was a judge of the
court, often a legislator, repeatedly a Con-
gi-essman. In 1846, he was elected Speaker
of the House of Representatives; he was sev-
eral times Speaker of the House in the State
Legislature. In 1847, he was appointed by
President Polk Minister to China; in the fol-
lowing year asked permission of his Govern-
ment to be relieved, and accordingly returned
236
BIOGRAPHICAL:
home, visiting Egypt, England and France
on his way. Again he served in the Legis-
lature, and was appointed by the President
Governor of Oregon Territory, wJiich posi-
tion he resigned after one year's service. In
June, 1852, he was chairman of the Na-
tional Democratic convention at Baltimore,
which nominated Gen. Franklin Pierce for
President, and in the convention caucus he
came within one vote of being selected as the
choice of the convention instead of Pierce —
receiving sixteen votes to Pierce's seventeen
votes. This is only a brief statistical state-
ment of this great man's crowded and event-
ful public cai-eer. He was maiTied in Penn-
sylvania in 1823, to Miss Ann Hoover, and
raised a family of ten children, six of whom
still survive -John L. bavis. who has been
Commodore in the United States Navy for
two years, entering the navy forty years ago
as midshipman, and resides in Washington
City; Mrs. Aiken, of Evansville, Ind., Dr. C.
C, the subject, Caroline W., wife of James
C. Denny, ex- Attorney-General of the State
of Indiana; and two twins — William J., resides
near Sullivan, Ind., and Henry B., a resident
of Indianapolis. Dr. Davis, the subject, at-
tended A&bury University three years, and
then the Ohio Medical College at Cincinnati,
from which he graduated in 1853. He soon
after located in Robinson, where he has since
practiced his profession. He is a member of
the Masonic fraternity, also of the Methodist
Episcopal Church, and is a Democrat in pol-
itics. He was married in October, 1853, in
this county, to Miss Lucretia J. Payue, who
died in 1864. She was the mother of four
children, only two of whom now survive,
viz.: Charles E. , born in April, 1856, and
James, born in January, 1863. He was
again married in the fall of 1864, to Sarah
A. Showers. She is the mother of two chil-
dren, one of whom is living — Mary J., born
in November, 1868.
J. M. EAGLETON, tavern keeper, Robin-
son, was born in this county February 8,
] 832. His father, James Eagleton, was a na-
tive of Blount County, Tenn., born in the year
1795. Here he grew to manhood, and at the
age of twenty-four, in 1856, he came to Craw-
ford County, 111., and settled on a farm. He
married shortly after he came here to Miss
Margaret Montgomery, a daughter of James
Montgomery, at which time he purchased a
farm near Palestine and engaged in the bus-
iness of farming. In 1841, he sold his farm
and purchased another near New Hebron.
Here he made his home until his death, which
occurred in 1877. He raised a family of
eleven children, six of whom are living,
four in this county, namely. William,
! David, George and our subject. Their
mother died in 1874. Subject of our
I sketch was married in this county February
i 16, 1854, to Miss Nancy Banguess, at which
time he enlaced in farcninc; in the southern
I part of this county. In the fall of 1869, he
1 removed to Southwest Missouri, but remained
, there about two years, when he retiii-ned to
I this county and engaged in the marble busi-
1 ness in Robinson, but shortly after built a
house near the Wabash Railroad, and en-
- gaged in his present avocation, where he has
I good property. He has a family of two
children living, namely: George and John
Cornelius. He and his wife are church mem-
bers, they belong to the church called the
Church of God. Politically he is a Repub-
lican.
DR. I. L. FIREBAUGH, physician and
sui-geon, Robinson, a s&n of David Fire-
baugh, and whose portrait appears in this
volume, was born July 14, 1847, in Crawford
County, Ohio. At the age of eight years, he
removed with his parents to Crawford County,
111., and settled on a farm four miles west of
Robinson, where he grew to manhood, en-
H015INS0N TOWNSHIP-
237
gaged from the age of nine in running
a steam engine in his father's saw-mill.
His educational facilities during his boy-
hood were limited, and confined to the
common schools of the county. In 1867,
when twenty years or age, he entered the
State University of Indiana, which he at-
tended for neai-ly f oui- yeai's. Ho then taught
school two winters and operated a saw-mill
two summers, after which he began the study
of medicine under Dr. Meserve, remaining
with him six months, and then entered the
Miami Medical College, Ohio. He attended
lectures two winters and one summer, stiidy-
iug in the meantime under Dr. J. C. McKen-
zie, a professor in the college. He passed a
competitive examination, and was placed on
the staff of resident physicians of the Cincin-
nati City Hospital. He remained in this in-
stitution one year, and then received a di-
ploma from the Miami Medical College. His
studies completed, he now came to Robinson,
and commenced the practice of his chosen
profession. He was man-ied, October 20,
1881, to Miss Mary, daughter of Thomas J.
Sims. They have one son — William Charles,
bom September 15, 1882. The Doctor's
father, David, was born November 22, 1812,
in HaiTison County, Ohio. He is a son of
Philip, a blacksmith by trade, who died at
Indianapolis, Ind. , and Barbara Vangundy,
a native of Pennsylvania, who died in Illi-
nois. They were the parents of eight child-
ren, viz. : David, Jacob, Martha, Rebecca,
Barbara, Elizabeth, Maiy and Joseph. David
had but little chance of education. He
worked with his father in the shop during his
younger days. He was married. 1836, to
Mary Ludwig. born July 2, 1818, in Berks
County, Penn. She was a daughter of Sam-
uel and Elizabeth (Redca) Ludwig, natives of
Pennsylvania. The result of this union has
been nine children, viz.: Samuel L. ; Will-
iam H, wholesale hardware merchant, Texas,
was in the Commissaiy Department in the
late war; David was killed February 13,
1877, on account of having refused a djunken
man a drink; H. C, attorney in San Fran-
cisco, Cal. ; I. L. ; Charles W., is a part-
ner with William H. ; Joseph, is Assist-
ant Cashier of the Robinson Bank; Mary
J. ; Chester, attorney at Robinson. The par-
ents reside in Robinson. Mary, the wife of
our subject, was born April 28, 1858. in
Crawford County, 111. She is a daughter of
Thomas J. and Arminta M. (Ellege) Sims;
the former a native of Edgar County, 111.,
born 1830, and the latter of Kentucky, born
1828. They came to Crawford County. April
15, 1853, where the father engaged in black-
smithing for some time, and then, in partner-
ship with N. S. Brown, he built the brick
mill now owned by John Newton, in which
he engaged until 1878, when he withdrew on
account of ill health. He died April 27,
1878. Was a member of the I. O. O. F.
His consort is still living, and blessed him
with eleven children, five of whom survive;
viz.: Mary, John T., Stella, Roy and
Cloyd. The parents were members of the
Christian Church.
JAMES GUINNIP. boot and shoe dealer,
north side of the public square, was born
in Clark County, 111., February 3, 185U,
where he grew to manhood with good
facilities for education; also spent a term in
the Terre Haute Commercial College. He
then engaged in farming a short time. In
1882, he commenced his present business, in
partnership with Griffith Brothers. His
father. Joseph Guinnip, was born in Tomp-
kins County, N. Y.. December 14, 1814, where
he remained till 1828, when his parents re-
moved to Steuben County, N. Y. At the age
of twenty-two be removed to Erie County,
shortly after to Terre Haute. Ind. In 1840,
238
BIOGRAPHICAL:
he moved to Clark County, 111. ; bought a
farm of eighty acres two miles north of Mar-
shal and engaged in farming, which he has
made a success, and owns a farm of 280 acres
of choice improved lands, together with some
valuable property in Marshal. He was mar-
ried in Seneca County, N. Y., to Miss Sabina
Smeed, who died in September, 1856. He
was married in Clark County to Ellen Crane,
by whom he has seven children.
GEORGE W. HARPER, editor and pro-
prietor of the Argus, Robinson, whose por-
trait appears in this volume, was born near
Richmond, Wayne County, Ind. His father
was a farmer, and young Harper was brought
up on the farm until thirteen years of age,
attending the district school during the win-
ter months. He had early formed the desire
to learn the art of printing, and declaring
his intention to become a newspaper man be-
fore he was ten years old, won for him the
appellation of "editor" among his schoolfel-
lows. When he was thirteen years of age,
his father retired from farming, and removed
to Centerville, then the county seat of Wayne
County, to accept the position of Deputy
Sheriff. George then desired to go into a
printing office, but as his father strenuously
oj)posed it, he went to work in a cabinet shop
for the purpose of learning that trade. He
was never pleased with the business, and in
the spring of 1853, he quit the shop and went
back to the farm, where he remained some
months. In October, determining to put his
cherished plans into execution, of becoming a
printer, he went to Richmond unknown to his
father, and apprenticed himself to Messrs.
Holloway & Davis, in the Palladium office.
He then went home and laid his plans before
his father, and obtained his consent to learn
the art he had so great a passion for. In
1854, while yet an apprentice, he commenced
the publication of a little paper, which after-
ward was continued under the name of the
^^Broad Ax of Freedom and Grubbing Hoe
of Truth." In 1856, he came to Illinois, and
became connected with the Ruralist, at Pal-
estine, as one of its editors. In 1857, he
started the first paper ever published in Rob-
inson, under the title of the Robinson Ga-
zelle. In 1859, he published the Crawford
Banner, at Palestine, and in 1860 was con-
nected with a paper at Pana, 1)1., as editor
and publisher. In 1862, he went back to
Eastern Indiana, and there took charge of a
paper at Centerville, his old home, but in
1863 returned to Robinson, and established
the Robinson Argus on a very small founda-
tion, gradually increasing the material and
business of the establishment and paper, un-
til he has made it second to none in South-
ern Illinois, or in the State. [For a Repub-
lican, Brother Harper is a splendid, jolly,
good fellow — he has no other fault. — Ed.]
He has three times been appointed Postmas-
ter at Robinson^the first time declining the
appointment; the second time holding it a
few years, and then resigning, and by virtue
of the third apj^ointment he is now Post-
master General of the town. He has also
served six years as Justice of the Peace. Al-
though his position as editor of a political
paper has brought him more or less among
politicians and connected him with politics,
he declares his love to be for the newsj^aper
business, and that his ambition is to do bet-
ter in it than he thinks any one else could
have done similarly situated. For a sketch
of his paper — the Argus — see history of the
press in a preceding chapter. Mr. Harper
was married, December 24, 1857, to Hannah
Amanda, eldest daughter of Dr. Nelson Good-
win, of Lamotte Township, who died in
1870, leaving fom- children, who still sur-
vive. He was again married, in 1871, to
Miss Lucy H. Gatton, of Martin Township.
ROBINSON TOWNSHIP.
JOHN HILL, merchant, Robinson. Among
the old and prominent citizens of Crawford
County is John Hill, whose name heads this
sketch. He is a native of the Hoosier State,
and was born in Sullivan County November
10, 1816, but removed with his parents to
this county in 1818, where his home has ever
since been. His career has been tilling the
soil until recently, and before he divided up
his land among his children, he was one of
the largest, if not the largest, land owners in
Crawford County— being the owner of some
2,500 acres, among which was the original
160 acres entered and settled on by his father
in 1818. To this he added until it comprised
620 acres, and on this he lived until his re-
moval to Robinson, a few years ago. He
was one of the most successful farmers in the
county, and accumulated a handsome prop
erty by his persevering energy and industry.
"Upon his removal to Robinson he engaged in
the grocery business, and in this, as in farm-
ing, his usual success has attended him.
He erected a handsome brick storehouse on
the east side of the public square, and has a
large and complete stock of goods. He does
a large and profitable business, his annual
sales amounting to $20,000 to $30,000. Mr.
Hill was married February 28, 1838, in this
county, to Miss Morris, by whom he has
foin- children, viz.— Charles M., Henry M.,
Diana Boofter and Mary McLean. His
wife died in 1863, and he was married a se-
cond time, in 1875, to Mrs. Sterrett. Polit-
ically, Mr. Hill is a Democrat of the Jackson
type.
CHARLES M. HILL, faimer and mer-
chant, Robinson, is a son of John Hill, and
was born in this county, December 5, 1839;
he has always made his home in this county.
In addition to the common schools of the
neighborhood, he attended school for some
time at Marshall, Clark County. He was
married, January 25, 1861, to Miss Mary
Wolfe, a daughter of Henry Wolfe, Esq.
He engaged in farming in Hutsonville Town-
ship, on a fann of 200 acres. They have
four children living and one dead; their
names are as follows: Sarah L., Catharine
v., John C, Marj' C. and Henry E. Polit-
ically, Mr. Hill is a Democrat.
ALVA G. HILL, farmer. P. O. Robin-
son, was born August 17, 1845, and is a na-
tive of this county; his early life was spent
on a farm in Licking Township. He at-
tended the common schools of the neighbor-
hood and the colleges at Westfield and at
Merom, Ind. He taught four winter terms
and farmed dui-ing the summers. He was
married, August 26, 1873, to MissE. E. Wat-
kins, a daughter of Jesse Watkins, Esq., of
this county. He owns considerable land.
Has resided with his father-in-law, Mr. Wat-
kins, since 1874. He has three children — •
Henry K., Ray W. and Joseph A. Mr.
Hill is a Republican.
HENRY O. HISER, County Superintend-
ent of Schools, Robinson, was born in Licking
Township. Crawford County, 111., May 13,
1848, a pon of Samuel and Susan E. (High) Hi-
ser, who are both living. The father is a native
of Licking County. Ohio, born October 24,
1818. He is a farmer by occupation. The
mother of oiu- subject was born in Clear-
spring, Penn., April 16, 1819. The parents
were blessed with ten childi-en, four of whom
are living— Perry N., E, W.,Mrs. J. F. Bryan
and our subject. He received a common
school education and spent one term at the
United Brethren College at Westfield, 111.,
and also afterward attended for two years
the State Normal, at Terre Haute, Ind. He
started in life as a farmer, but soon turned
his attention to teaching, which he has fol-
i lowed for fourteen years. He was married,
' November 2, 1875, in Crawford County, 111.,
240
BIOGRAPHIC A.L:
to S. Olive Keenan, born in Perry County,
Ohio. January 21, 1845, a daughter of An-
drew and Mary J. Keenan, both of whom are
living, the fonner a native of Ohio, and the
latter of Pennsylvania. Mrs. Hiser died
January 1, 1879. By her our subject had
two children — John W. (died in infancy)
and Bertram A. Mr. Hiser is a member of
the Methodist Episcopal Chtrrch, and in pol-
itice is a Democrat.
ALPHEUS B. HOUSTON, farmer and
stock dealer, P. O. Robinson, was born in
Rush County, Ind., November 16, 1844. In
1863, he enlisted in Company H, Ninth In-
diana Cavalry, and served in Gen. Thomas'
command and was in the following eno-ace-
ments: Pulaski, Nasliville, Franklin, Little
Harpeth, Lawi-encebvirg, Elk River, Grany
White Pike, Hollow Tree Gap, Reynolds Hill
and Sugar Creek. His brother, Casander T.
Houston, was in the same command and was
killed at Sulphur Trussel, Ala. December
25, 1866, he came to Robinson, and has made
his home there. He clerked in a hotel two
years, and for two years in a store, then pur-
chased an interest in a hotel, and engaged in
that business. In 1872, he was elected Sher-
iff of Crawford County by the Republican
party, notwithstanding the Democracy had a
large majority usually. After his term of
office expired, he engaged in the livery busi-
ness in connection with buying and shippino'
horses. At present he is a farmer, and owns
two good farms near Robinson, of 200 and
160 acres respectively. He owns a dwelling
and one acre and several unoccupied lots in
Robinson. Mr. Houston has been twice mar-
ried, first, August 29, 1869, to Mary J. Ham
ilton, who died in 1873, leaving two chil-
dren, one of whom, Ella W. , is still living.
He was again married, January 6, 1874, to
Miss Lavona Myers, of Robinson, by whom
he has two children — Maud H. and Alpheus
C. Mr. Houston's father, Joseph W. Hous-
ton, was born in Maryland January 1,
1813, and died January 6, 1880. He
was married in La Fayette, Ind.,
December 17. 1837, to Miss Sarah J. Brown,
born in Ross County, Ohio,November 2,1819.
Of their family of nine childi-en, three only
are living — Alpheus B., Mrs. Anna M. Durst
and Charlotte A. L. Henson.
• WILLIAM JOHNSON, Deputy Sheriff,
Robinson, was born in this county Septem-
ber 19, 1822, and was brought uj) on a farm,
receiving but a limited education. At the age
of twenty-eight years, he commenced trading
in stock, which he continued until 1862,
when he was elected Sheriff of the county.
He did an extensive business in stock; buy-
ing and driving cattle and horses to Chicago,
also bought and shipped cattle to New Or-
leans. He is a stanch Democrat, and in 1862
was elected Sheriff'; in 1864, Circuit Clerk,
and in 1876 was again elected Sheriff. He
has also served as Justice of the Peace. He
was appointed Deputy Sheriff in 1SS2, which
position he now holds. In 1848, he was mar-
ried to Miss Martha J. Ford, of this county.
They have nine children living, viz.: Price,
Lauretta, Frank P., Amelia, CaiToll, Ludus-
key, Martha, William D. and Maud. Sub-
ject's father was born in Kentucky in 1775,
and was man-ied in 1803 to Miss Nancy Mc-
Carty, born in 1784, on the banks of the Ohio,
where Louisville now stands. They came to
Crawford County, III., April 9, 1818, shortly
before Illinois was admitted into the Union.
He entered 234 acres of land in what is now
Montgomery Township. A part of this (123
acres) is still owned by his descendants.
- DUANE JOHNSON, merchant, Robin-
son, a son of Hiram and Sarah A. (Melton) p *
Johnson, was born October 3, 1838, in Craw-
ford County, 111. In 1861, he engaged in
farming in Montgomery Township, where he
/
KOBINSON TOWNSHIP.
241
owned a farm of 239 acres. He moved to
Robinson, and in 1882 engaged in the hard-
ware business — a member of the firm of Wil-
lis & Johnson. He was married in Robin-
son, 111., March 5, 1861, to Margaret E.
Henderson. They have a family of six chil-
dren living, viz.: Charles A., Willard, Alvin,
Lucy J., Carrie E. and Everett. His wife
died March 9, 1881. Mr. Johnson is a
Democrat. Hiram Johnson, subject's father,
was born in Kentucky December 15, 1807, emi-
grated to Illinois with his father in April,
1818, and served in the Black Hawk war in
1832. December 15, 1837, he married Sarah
A. Melton, who was born in 1815, and is still
living in Robinson; her father was born in
Warren County in 1792. Hiram Johnson
was elected Justice of the Peace in 1843,
elected Sheriff in 1S52, Circuit Clerk in 1856,
and re elected Clerk in 1860. He died Jan-
uary 19, 1865. He was a son of James and
Nancy A. (McCarty) Johnson ; he was born in
Henry County, Ky., in 1774, died in l841;
she born in Jefferson County, Ky., March
27, 1783, died in April, 1871.
HON. WLLLIAM C. JONES, Circuit Judge,
Robinson. (A sketch of Judge Jones will
be found in the chapter on the Bench and
Bar.)
ALFRED H JONES, attorney at law,
Robinson, is a native of Crawford County,
and was born July 4, 1850. He was raised
on the farm, and attended the common schools
of the neighborhood, finishing in the West-
field College, in Clark County, 111., where he
remained two years, 1867-68. He followed
teaching for a time, and was Principal of the
schools in St. Mary, Kan. In 1872,he com-
menced reading law with Callahan & Jones
(W. C); was admitted to the bar in 1874,
and at once entered into practice. He was
appointed by the court to fill out the unex-
pired term of Gr. S. Alexander (deceased), as
county prosecutor. He has also filled the
position of City Attorney one term. In 1877,
he entered into partnership with Hon. E.
Callahan, and is now the junior partner of
the law firm of Callahan & Jones. He is a
Mason and an Odd Fellow; is a Republican
in politics, and Secretary of the Republican
County Central Committee. Mr. Jones was
man-ied, in 1872, to Miss Ellen Thompson.
One child was born of this marriage — Gusta-
vus. His wife died shortly aftei'ward. and
in 1878 he was married a second time, to
Miss Catherine Beals, of Robinson. They
have one child — Roscoe.
GEORGE E. KESSLER, wagon and car-
riage maker, Robinson, was born June 24,
1848, in Stark County, Ohio, son of William
and Elizabeth (Harter) Kessler; he a native
of Lancaster County, Penn., born in 1829
and dying in 1854 ; she born in Stark County,
Ohio, in 1832, and still living. Our subject
came to Crawford County and settled on a
farm, and located at his trade in Robinson
in 1873. He was maiTied in Crawford
County, 111., October 14, 1877, to Rachael
C. Clark, a native of Carroll County, Ind.,
born August 2, 1857, dtiughter of William S.
and Han-iet (Parrish) Clark; thi-ee children
have been born to them — Carrie Grace, Ger-
tie and Arthur Edward.
JAMES S. KIRK, millwright, Robinson,
was born December 18, 1838, in Licking
County, Ohio. In 1851, his parents removed
to ^rawford County, 111. Subject attended
the Marshall College during the years of
1860-61. In May, of the latter year, he en-
listed in Company H, Twenty -first Illinois
Infantry. Was assigned at first to the armies
of Missom-i. Was in the battles of Fredericks-
tovsm, Stone River, Buzzard's Roost, Chicka-
mauga, Resaca, at Kenesaw Mountain, etc.
His time expired and he returned home in
July, 1864. Engaged in farming in Sections
243
BIOGEAPHICAL:
29 and 32, Kobinson Township. To his
farm of 120 acres, which he started with, he
has added 120 acres. In September, 1881, he
engaged in milling business, as a member of
the firm of Collins & Kirk. He is a member
of the Knights of Honor and the Grangers
Lodge. Subject was married, January 12,
1869, to Miss Emily Doty. Has seven chil-
dren— Annie F., Alma A., William O. , Alice
L., Martha A., Lola Acme and Otho J. D.
JOHN KIRK, son of William Kirk, a
farmer, P. O. Robinson, was born in Licking
County. Ohio, November 4,1840. At the age
of eleven, came with hie parents to Crawford
County, 111., and located in west part of
Robinson Township. His education was
obtained in the common schools of the
county. He was married, March 28, 1865,
in this county, to Miss Emeline V. Holmes,
and engaged in farming. Purchased a farm
of 260 acres in Sections 30 and 31, Robinson
Township. He raises mostly corn and wheat,
and a fair amount of gras£. also stock. He
is a member of the Grange society. Polit-
ically, he is a Democrat. He has a family of
four living and one dead — Victor Lee, Will-
iam D.. Elliot, Allen J. Palmer, Addie Anna,
and one dead, Arthur E.
HENRY W. KING, farmer, P. O. Robin-
son, is a son of Joel King, who was born on
the 22d of January, 1774, in Massachusetts.
He was married, May 4. 1797, to Miss Julia
Loy, of New York. He entered upon the
business of farming in Oneida County, N.
Y., which he abandoned on account of phys-
ical inability, and engaged in shoe-making
at Mount Vernon, N. Y., where Henry W.,
the subject of this sketch, was born, Decem-
ber 31, 1815. He was the youngest of a fam-
ily of ten children, of whom but two are now
living, the subject and Mrs. Welton, resid-
ing in Hamilton County, N. Y. Mr. King
was married in Lexington, Ky. , to Miss
Utiey, a daughter of John Utley, Esq. He
then engaged in merchandising in Cincin-
nati, as a member of the firm of King, Ship-
ley & Co., and afterward. King, Corwin &
Co. In 1860, he sold out his interest in the
store and engaged in clerking in the same
city until 1869, when he came to Robinson,
111., where he has purchased considerable
property. He owns 320 acres of land in
Casey Township, Clark County, as well as
a tract of 275 acres in Clark, not under cul-
tivation; also owns a farm of 120 acres in
Jasper County. Mr. King is a Democrat in
politics.
IRA KING, retired farmer, P. O. Robin-
son, is a native of the State of New York,
where he was born January 22, 1822. When
quite young, his parents came to Illinois and
settled in Edgar County. In 1829, with his
mother — his father having died — he came to
Crawford County, where he has since lived.
They settled about seven miles west of Rob-
inson. Mr. King now owns a farm of 120
acres, and another of 80 acres, all under a
good state of cultivation. He also owns 400
acres in Oblong Tovraship, about half of
which is in cultivation, and 3,000 acres of
uncultivated lands in the Embarras River bot-
toms. In 1881, he built a handsome fiame
residence in Robinson, at a probable cost of
$10,000. He was married, in June, 1846, to
Miss Caroline Beckwith, of this county.
They have three childi-en living, viz.: Eliza,
Mary and Horace F. , the later a graduate of
Wabash College, at Crawfordsville, Ind.
Sophia E. and Annis are dead.
JAMES LAMB, farm implement dealer
and grain buyer, Robinson, was born October
5. 1817, in Shenandoah County, Va. His
parents died when he was quite young, and
he was taken to Licking County, Ohio, in
1824, by an uncle. Here he was married,
August 18, 1842, to Miss Mary Randall, and
KOBINSON TOWNSHIP.
243
engaged in farming. In 1847, he removed
to Crawford County, 111., and purchased a
farm of 120 acres, in Licking Township,
which he improved and sold and purchased
another farm in the township, of 300 acres,
mostly improved land, on which he had good
buildings and an excellent orchard. In 1871,
he removed to Robinson, and soon after en-
gaged in the farm implement business, pur-
chasing a residence in town. He has a fam-
ily of sis children— William J. , Mrs. Caroline
M. Newlin, Mary, Emma, Lillie and Stephen
A. D.
G. W. LEWIS, manager Co-operative Com-
pany's store, Robinson, was bom April 5,
1835, in Montgomery County, Perm.; his
father, who was a physician, removed to Car-
roll County, Ohio, when subject was very
small, and when he was four years old his
father died. The family soon after removed
to Columbiana County, Ohio, where he made
his home until 1870, when he came to Craw-
ford County, 111., and engaged in farming,
in Hutsonville Township, on a farm of 200
acres, which he still owns. Having had sev-
eral years' experience in merchandising in
Ohio, he, in 1877, took the position of mana-
ger of the Co-operative Company' s store in
Robinson, and after one year returned to
the farm, but was recalled by the stock-liold-
ers of the store, and has held the position of
manager ever since. He was married in
1859 to Miss Elizabeth Calvin, a daughter of
Robert Calvin They have six childi'en liv-
ing— Mrs, Jeanette J. Brown, Douglas A.,
Fernando W., Clement L., John V., and
Loretto L.
SASrUEL T. LINDSAY, photographer,
Robinson, was born in Crawford County, 111.,
January 20, 1847, and is a son of John T.
and Elizabeth (Clayton) Lindsay, both of
whom are living, he born in Versailles, Rip
ley County, Ind., January 28, 1825; she
born in Crawford County, III., February 26,
1831. Subject was raised on a farm in Mont-
gomery Township and engaged in teaching and
farming alternately. In 1879, he was elected
Sheriff by the Republican party, and served
in that capacity two years. After his term
of office had expired, he engaged in his pres-
ent business. In September, 1882, he was
burned out. but has rebuilt and restored his
business. In Montgomery Township, Craw-
ford County, 111., in 1867, he married Mary
E. Harris, born in New Hebron, Crawford
County, 111., November 11, 1848, daughter
of William and Elizabeth (Roar) Harris; he,
a native of Virginia, bom December 17, 1817,
died April 14, 1855; she a native of North
Carolina, born November 30, 1824, and is
still living.
AIJSBY L. LOWE, Deputy Cii:cuit Clerk,
Robinson, is a son of Isaac N. and Amanda
(Hurst) Lowe, and was born in the town of
Hutsonville, this county, November 18, 1857.
He grew to manhood with such facilities for
education as the town afforded, until in 1877,
when he entered Earlham College, at Rich-
mond, Ind., and there completed his educa-
tion. Upon leaving school he became Dep-
uty Circuit Clerk of Crawford County,
which position he has satisfactorily filled
ever since. From childhood, Ausby has
practiced the strictest honor and integi-ity,
and is to-day, what may be termed in the full
sense of the term, an honest man. He
was married November 20, 1879, to Miss
Alice C. Hodge, of York, 111. The result of
this union is one child — A. Lyman, bom
August 18, 1880. Politically, Mr. Lowe
is a Democrat of the old Jackson school.
HOWARD B. LUTES, clothing merchant,
Robinson, is a native of Indiana, and was
born in Jacksonboro, December 23, 1850, and
at the age of fifteen he entered the State
University at Bloomington, remaining there
344
BIOGRAPHICAL:
three years. He took a commercial course
in Bryant & Stratton's College at liouisville,
Ky., from which he graduated. He then
engaged in teaching school, and followed it
in Indiana and Illinois. For one year he
was engaged in the agi-icultural implement
business, after which he opened a clothing
house in Robinson, in which business he is
still engaged. He has a large and lucrative
trade and carries a heavy stock in his line,
selling annually from $15,000 to 120,000
worth of goods. Sir. Lutes was married in
] 874 to Miss Flora B. Harness. She died
in 1876, leaving two children, one of whom,
Maud, is still living. He was married a
second time in 1881, to Miss Rosa Iddings.
I. D. MAIL, farmer and stock dealer, P.
O. Robinson, was born March 26, 1831, and
is a native of this county, and a son of Fred-
erick and Louisa H. (McGahey) Mail, the
former, born April 15, 1803, in Knox Coun-
ty, Ind., and the latter born February 2,
1806. Mr. Mail settled in Crawford County
about the year 1828, and died here February
8, 1873; his wife died December 9, 1865.
The subject (I. D. Mail) was brought up on
the farm, receiving such education as was to
be obtained in the common schools. He
commenced farming for himself, in Lamotte
Township on a fai-m of 94 acres; at jaresent
owns upward of 700 acres of land in this
county, with the exception of 200 acres,
which is in Lawrence County. Formerly he
dealt largely in stock, and made stock-raising
a specialty in connection with farming. Polit-
ically, i\Ir. Mail is a Democrat, and has taken
an active interest in political issues. He held
the office of Associate Justice under the old
county organization, and has served one term as
County Treasurer. He was married, October
8, 1854, to Miss Mary Boatright, of this coun-
ty. Seven children are the result of this
marriage, viz.: Mrs. Julia St. Clergy, Mollie,
Albert T., Virginia, Louisa and I. D., Jr.
His wife died March 8, 1872, and in Janu-
ary, 1874, he was a second time married to
Miss Mollie Poland.
LOUIS N. MARBRY, farmer, P. O. Robin-
son, was born in Calloway County. Ky., April
11, 1838. His father, Alfred Marbry, was a
native of Virginia. He was raised there and
removed into Tennessee, and there married
Martha Freeman, a native of Virginia. In
a short time after marriage, they removed into
Calloway County, Ky., at which place he died
in March, 1849, leaving a wife and nine
children to mourn his loss. Foui' of his
children are now living, three are residents
of this county, namely: Martha, wife of
John McGrue, deceased; Garret, farming;
Louis N., our subject; Mary, wife of John
Wagner, living in Union County, 111.
Their mother died here March 21, 1876.
Our subject was brought by his mother to
this county in 1849, and here was raised on
a farm, and his education was limited to the
common schools of the country what time he
attended. As early as 1851, when but thir-
teen years of age, he commenced working
out by the month, in order to help support
himself, his mother and family. In 1854,
when sixteen years of age, he engaged in
fai'ming for himself, in this county, and suc-
cessfully continued in agricultural pursuits
until 1861, at which time, April 13, he en-
listed in Company I, Twenty-first Illinois
Volunteer Infantry. He was in several bat-
tles, namely: Fredericktown, Mo., Perry ville,
Liberty Gap, Stone River, Chickamauga, Dal-
las, Resaca and Kenesaw. He was mustered
out at Chattanooga, July 5, 1864, at which time
he came back to this county and engaged in
farming. He made his first purchase of land
in Hutsonville Township, south of Hutson-
ville; on selling out there he bought land
northwest of Palestine; on selling out there
IIOBINSON TOWNSHIP.
345
he bought land in Licking Township. He
sold his farm in Licking Township and bought
property in Robinson, and after traded it for
land in Richmond County, 111., and after
traded it for 80 acres of land adjoining his
farm of 100 acres, since purchased. It is all
in cultivation, and he is successfully en-
gaged in the raising of grain and stock. Pre-
vious to his engaging in farming, in 1864 and
18t)r>, be took a contract on the building of
the P. & D., now the Wabash & Southeast-
ern Railroad. In 1800. November 1, he was
married to Sarah E. Walters, a native of
Crawford County, bom November 28, 1848.
They have three childi-en, living, namely:
Chailes, John and Medford, and two dead,
namely: William and Maud. Oui- subject,
beginning in 1873. ran a livei-y stable in Rob-
inson until 1875, at which time sold out and
removed to his farm, whei-e he is now en-
gaged in agricultural pursuits. He is a mem-
ber of the Knights of Honor, Robinson Lodge.
JOHN MAXWELL, Sr., deceased, was
born in Blount County, Tenn. , on the 28th
day of November, 1805, and was married to
Eliza Love of sameeounty in 1831. In 1848,
he. together with several other families,
moved to Crawford County, 111., and settled
in the southern pai-t of the county. Like
many of the early settlers, he chose the broken
timber land instead of the prairie. The
place of his residence, nine miles south of
Robinson, had foimerly been very heavily
timbered, but had been the scene of a hm'ri-
cane, about 1800, which destroyed all the
timber, so that it was then almost like a prai-
rie, the yeai-ly bm-ning of the grass having
kept the young timber fi-om gi-owing up. He
reached this county with about $500 in mon-
ey, which was mostly put into land, and he
commenced life anew in a log cabin hastily
erected in the woods. Year by year a few
more acres were cleared, until about 100 acres
of the stool grubs had been dug out with the
mattock by himself and older sons. He had
seven sons and four daughters. When the
civil war broke out, three of his sons, Archi-
bald b. , Joseph and William M., entered the
Union army. The two former were in the
battle of Stone River, and there Joseph was
killed and Archibald was woimded and taken
prisoner, but soon recaptured. On the morn-
ing of the 2d of November, 1864, his house
was the scene of the most luiwarranted out-
rage ever perpetrated in the county. Just at
the break of day the house was surrounded
by a mob of armed men of Crawford and
Lawi-ence Counties. His sons Archibald and
William M. were home on furlough until af-
ter the election. They and a soldier by the
name of Henry Beaman staid there overnight.
All in the house were aroused just before day-
break by the violent barking of the dogs,
and the old gentleman went out to ascertain
what was the cause. He was fired upon by
some of the mob, when he hastened into the
house and fastened the door. The mob fol-
lowed him up on an open porch, when they
were halted by William M. from a window up
stairs. They paid no attention to his com-
mand to stop, when he fired at them, but missed
his aim. The mob immediately opened fire all
around the house, firing in at the windows.
One of his daughters, Elizabeth, who had
just arose from bed, was mortally wounded,
being hit by two rifle balls in the groin,
while standing by the bed. William M.,
hearing her cry out that she was shot, run
down stairs and opened one of the doors and
emptied his revolver at the crowd, wounding
one of them in the thigh and receiving a
wound in the leg. The mob then retreated
and stationed themselves behind the outbuild-
ings, and remained there until after daylight.
When it was found that they were still around
the house, Mrs. Eliza Maxwell determined to
246
BIOGRAPHICAL:
venture out and see what was wanted. They
told her that they had come to arrest William
M. Maxwell, and had the Sheriff of Lawrence
County with a writ. She told them if they
had the Sheriff he would not resist them. They
then came in and took William M. , Archibald
and John C. Maxwell to Lawrenceville. But
it was ascertained that they had no officer nor
no writ, or any authority whatever for their
action. They, however, swore a warrant for
him after getting to Lawrenceville, on a
charge of assault with intent to kill. He was
tried on this charge and acquitted. The
daughter suffered untold agony for about
seven weeks, when she died from the effect of
her wound. William M. never recovered
from his wound. It continued to ulcerate,
and could not be healed. The vilceration run
up to the body, and he died from it after
long suffering, on the 12th day of February,
1867. Some of the mob afterwards boasted
that they had used poisoned bullets, and the
doctors were of the same opinion. To the
disgrace of Cra'^ford County, it must be said,
that no indictments were ever found against
the murderers. Many of them, however, have
gone forth with the mark of Cain upon them,
and have been a curse to themselves. The
mob was composed of rebel sympathizers and
members of the order of the Knights of the
Golden Circle, and was caused by the wild ex-
citement that was rife in that section of the
country. After the close of the war but lit-
tle worthy of note occurred in his life. He
died at his home on the 20th day of May,
1879, at a good, ripe old age.
J. C. MAXWELL, attorney at law, Robinson,
was born September 26, 1847, in Blount Coun-
ty, Tenn., and when one year of age his
parents removed to Crawford County, 111.,
and settled on a farm, where the subject grew
to manhood. His opportunities for obtain-
ing an education were such as the common
schools of the county afforded. Upon arriv-
ing at manhood he attended Waveland Acad-
emy one year, at Waveland, Ind. , also at-
tended the National Normal School, at Leb-
anon, Ohio, where he graduated in the clas-
sical course in 1872, having taught school at
intervals to defray his expenses. In 1873, he
began the study of the law in Robinson, un-
der Callahan & Jones (W. C), and was ad-
mitted to the bar in January, 1875. He at
once entered upon the practice of his profes-
sion, and was for a time in partnership with
his preceptors — Callahan & Jones. At pres-
ent he is a member of the iirm of Wilson,
Maxwell & Allen. He was married in Octo-
ber, 1881, to Miss Gertie E. Jackson, of New
Albany, Ind.
STEPHEN D. MESERVE, physician and
surgeon, Robinson. The subject of this sketch
is a native of New Hampshire, and his boy-
hood was spent among its bleak hills. He
was born August 9, 1818, and his early edu-
cational facilities were such as are enjoyed by
the favored youth of New England. A\'hen
grown, he entered Fryeburg Academy, where
he spent about four years in study. After
leaving school, he began reading medicine
under Dr. Barrrows, of Fryeburg, continu-
ing for one year. He then came West to Cin-
cinnati, Ohio, where he continued his studies.
After practicing some five years, he took a
regular course of lectures, graduating from
Miami Medical College in 1855. Afterwards
he took the addendiun degree in the Ohio
Medical College, Cincinnati. In 1848, pre-
vious to his gi-aduation, he came to Clark
County, 111., and located in York, and in 1850
removed to Hutsonville, in this county. Here
he remained until March, 1856, when he re-
moved to Robinson, and has resided here ever
since, in the practice of his profession. Oc-
tober 23, 1850, Dr. Meserve was married to
Miss Martha Barlow, daughter of E. Barlow,
ROBINSON TOAVNSHIP.
247
Esq. He has four children living — Ashbel,
G., Mattie H. Shafer, Maud and Blanche.
A. G. MESERVE, M. D., Robinson, was
born May 6, 1854, in Hutsonville, Crawford
County, 111. His opportunity for education |
was good. He attended an academy in Rob-
inson about five years, studied medicine un- i
der his father, and attended lectures in the i
Miami Medical College, where he graduated,
Mai-ch 3, 1874, and at once engaged in the prac-
tice of medicine in partnership with his father,
in Robinson, 111. He was married July 19,
1876, to Miss Theodosia E. Fitch. To them
have been given two children, Ashbel F., born
August 26, 1877, and Maud, July 20, 1880.
JOHN B. MEYER, tailor, Robinson, is a
native of Bavaria, Germany, and was born
May 9, 1824. In 1849. he emigrated to Amer-
ica, landing in New York, and soon he pushed
out to Philadelphia, and there engaged in
tailoring, a trade he had learned in the old
country. He went to Madison, Ind., where
hn met some old acquaintances from Ger-
many. From Madison he went to Edinburg,
and in 1853 came to Robinson, where he
went to work at his trade. In 1862, having
sold out his business, he enlisted in the
Ninety-eighth Illinois Volunteer Infantry
■for three years. His regiment was attached
to the Army of the Cumberland, and he was
in many of the battles fought by that portion
of the Army of the Union, among which were
Hoover's Gap, Kingston, Atlanta, Chancellors-
ville, Selina, etc. , etc. He was discharged
July 3, 1865, and the next year returned to
Germany on a visit, but came back in due
time to America, and returned to Robinson,
and located among old friends. He owns con-
siderable property in the town, and still
continues working at his trade of tailoring,
in which he has been very successful.
SAMUEL MIDKIFF, Robinson, of the
firm of Midkiff & Carey, lumber dealers, also
a farmer, was born April 8, 1824, in Granger
County, Tenn. Removed w ith his parents to
Shelby County, Ind. , when six years old. He
was married February 14, 1848, to Miss Mary
J. Keck and moved to Wisconsin in 1849,
where he remained four years, and then re-
moved to Illinois, locating within two miles
of Robinson, and engaged in farming. He
owns a farm of 300 acres, on which he has
good buildings and an excellent orchard.
He produces a great deal of grain and raises
a large amount of stock. December 6, 1882,
he purchased an interest in a lumber yard at
Robinson, and embarked in that business.
He is a member of the Masonic fraternity.
Has a family of seven children, namely —
Henrietta P., Alpheus J., William H., Dan-
iel K., Benjamin F. , Lucinda J. and Samuel
P., all of whom are married. Previous to
his marriage he enlisted in the Mexican war.
Company H, Third Indiana, and served in
Taylor's army, and was in the battle of Buena
Vista. Retm-ned home after one year's serv-
ice.
MATHIAS CORWIN MILLS, lawyer and
police magistrate, Robinson, was born Feb-
ruary 22, 1838, and is a native of Darke
Countj, Ohio, and when nine years of age,
his parents removed to Howard Comity,
Ind. He attended the common schools of
the neighborhood, and two years in the
I State Normal School, then located at Ko-
komo. At the end of that time the war
broke out, and he enlisted, in April, 1861, in
Company D, Sixth Indiana Infantry, for
three months. Upon the expiration of his
term, he again enlisted in Company C, as
\ Adjutant of the Thirty -ninth Indiana, and
; •served until January 1, 1865, when he was
discharged. He was in the battles of Shiloh,
i Perryville, and Stone River, in the latter of
which he was captured, and lodged in Libby
Prison. He returned to his command just in
248
BIOGRAPHICAL:
time to take part in the campaign in Tennes-
see, which ended in the battle of Chickamauga.
He was at Mission Ridge, and in most all
the battles during "Sherman's March to the
Sea." After leaving the army he returned to
Kokomo and engaged in the grocery busi-
ness, which he followed but a short time,
when he went to Sullivan, Ind., where he en-
gaged in the practice of law, having pre-
viously studied for the profession. In 1870,
he removed to Robinson and engaged in
teaching, which he followed for nine years as
principal of the public schools. In 1879, he
again engaged in the practice of law; and
held the position of City Attorney for three
terms, 1877, 1878, 187U. He was elected Po-
lice Magistrate in 1880, which office he still
holds. He is a Republican in politics; is a
member of Robinson Lodge, No. 250, A., F.
& A. M., and Robinson Chapter, R. A. M.,
and also a member of the Odd Follows. Mr.
Mills was married May I'S, 18G3, in Kokomo,
Ind., to Miss Hattie A. Welsh, a native of
Lancaster County, Penn. They have a fam-
ily of four children, viz. : Thomas G. , Clif
ford D., Emma K. and Gloria.
SOL. MOERS, watch maker and jeweler,
Robinson, was born in Germany JJecember
14, 1851. Came with his parents in 1859 to
Cincinnati, where he was raised. He at-
tended the schools of the city, also spent
four years as an apprentice in his profession.
In 1873, he located in Robinson in his pres-
ent avocation. He carries a fine assortment
of goods in his line, and sells over $0,000
worth annually. Subject was married in
this town to Miss Sallie Hedden, in 1879.
Has two children, Mamie and Selina. He is
an A. , F. & A. M. , a R. A. M. , and an Odd
Fellow and Knight of Honor.
E. E. MURPHY, merchant, Robinson, was
born in Licking County, Ohio, February 18,
1834, and when quite young removed with
his parents to Michigan, where he remained
three years. In 1854, he came to Palestine,
in this county, and commenced clerking in a
store there — an employment he continued for
some three years, when he commenced mer-
chandising on his own account. He remained
at Palestine until 1875, when he removed to
Robinson, continuing the merchantile busi-
ness in his new quarters. He built a store
house which he still occupies. He does an
extensive business, selling annually about
$20,U00 worth of goods. Mr. Murjshy was
married June 11, 1857, to Miss Eliza Alexan-
der, of Palestine, by whom he had two chil-
dren— Jeanetta and Mary B. His wife died
in 1867, and in February, 1872, he was mar-
ried a second time to Miss Sallie C. Swear-
ingen, who died in October, 1875. He was
married again, in July, 1878, to Frances Da-
vis, of Greenville, Illinois.
H. MYERS, merchant, Robinson, was born
in Alsace, Germany, in 1839, and when six-
teen years of age emigrated to America, land-
ing in New York. He went to Ohio, where
he engaged in clerking in a clothing store.
He remained there about a year and a half
and then retm-ned to Europe, but in three
months came back to America, and located at
Jacksonport, Ark., where he remained until
the breaking out of the war, in 1861, when
he enlisted in Hardee's Corps, Maj. Schoup's
Battalion of Artillery, C. S. A., for a term of
four years, or until the clo.se of the war; he
participated in the following battles; Shiloh,
Corinth, Bowling Green, Nashville, Mur-
freesboro, Franklin, Tenn., Meridian, Miss.,
Columbus. Miss., etc. He was discharared at
Meridian, Miss., in 1865. He went to Mem-
phis, Tenn., and engaged in steamboating,
then to Hopkinsville, Ky. , and back to Ten-
nessee, and engaged in the mercantile busi-
ness, but in 1869, sold out and went to Evans-
ville, Ind., where he remained about a year.
ROBINSON' TOWNSHIP.
24»
when he made another trip to Europe, but
shortly after returned to Evansville, thence
to CohiEobus, Ky., where he went into mer-
chandising. He next went to Sullivan, Ind.,
but soon after removed to Robinson, where
he still resides, and is extensively engaged in
the clothing business. He was married in
1870 to Miss Jeanetta Pettinger, of Evans-
ville. They have four children living — Me-
lanie, Jacob, Abraham and Isaac. IVIi-. Myers
is a member of the Robinson Lodge, No. 250,
A. , F. & A. M., and of the ELnights of Honor.
JUDGE J. C. OLWIN, lawyer and County
Judge, Robinson, was born December 6,
1838, in Montgomeiy County, Ohio, and was
brought up on the farm. His facilities for
an education were good, and he attended sev-
eral of the leading: institutions of learnincf
of his native State, thus receiving a good,
practical education. In 1860, be commenced
the study of law in Dayton, and, in 1862,
matriculated in the Ohio State and Union
Law School of Cleveland, where he gradu-
ated in 1863, and in the fall of the next year
came to Crawford County, 111. Upon his
arrival here he taught one term of school
near Palestine, and then located in Robinson
and commenced the practice of bis chosen
profession — the law. He was elected to the
Thirty-second General Assembly, which term
expired in 1882, and in November of the
same year, was elected County Judge, which
position he now fills. He has also filled the
office of master in chancery two terms (four
years). Judge Olwin is a R(3publican in
politics, and when it is taken into cosidera-
tion that he has been elected to these posi-
tions in a Democratic county, his popularity
as a citizen and his integrity as a public offi-
cer is at once apparent to the reader. Judge
Olwin was married January 4, 1866, to Miss
Amelia A. Tobey, of Montgomery County,
Ohio. The result of this marriage is a f;i!ii-
ily of six children, five of whom are living,
viz. : Harry, Claudia E., Ora M., Tobey and
Beulah. Dead- -Jessie.
E. N. OTEY, Robinson, member of the
firm of Otey & Son, was born in March, 1831,
in Palestine, 111. He learned his trade of
house cai'penter in Terre Haute; has worked
mostly in this county. In 1881, he and his
son built a planing mill in Robinson, and has
been engaged in that business ever since.
He ovsTis a good residence in town and ten
acres adjoining the corporation. He was
man-ied in Terre Haute, December 20, 1854,
to Miss Mary C. Hebb. They have four
children, namely: Harry E., Rose, Clifford
F. and Helen.
WILLL^M PARKER, merchant, Robin-
son, is a native of Illinois, and was born in
Clark County, November 21, 1832. His early
life was spent in York, in that county, with
rather limited facilities for receiving an edu-
cation. In 1852, he commenced clerking in
Palestine, in this county, for Preston Bros. ,
remaining in their employ about ten years.
In 1862, he came to Robinson, then a sickly
village of not more than 300 inhabitants, and
engaged in general merchandising which
he followed until 1872, when he closed out
and opened a hardware store, first on the
north side of the public square, but in 1875,
he removed to the east side, when together
with J. H. Weeds he JJerected two elegant
brick buildings, Nos. 4 and 5, in which he
sold his interest in 1877, but continued the
hardware business. He was married in May,
1860, to Miss Sarah E. Conditt, of Palestine,
He has five children living, viz.: Charles C,
Frederick A., Harry H., Maggie and Fannie.
Mr. Parker is a Republican in politics, and
during a part of President Grant's term.
President Hayes' and President Garfield's,
he was Postmaster at Robinson, a position in
which he gave universal satisfaction.
350
BIOGRAPHICAL:
GEORGE N. PARKER, attorney at law,
Robinson, a native of this county, was born
April 9, 1843, and was brought up on the
farm. He attended the common schools of
the. neighborhood, finishing his education
at Union Christian College at Merom,
Ind. After his return to this county, he
was elected Superintendent of Schools in
1865. He read law one year and then en-
tered Ann Arbor law school, where he re-
mained one year. He was admitted to the
bar in 1870, in Illinois, and entered upon
the practice of his profession in Robinson,
where he has ever since remained. Mr. Par-
ker is a Democrat in politics, and has been
chairman of the County Democratic Commit-
tee for several years. He was married May
5, 1870, to Miss Julia A. Crowley, a daughter
of Samuel B. Crowley, of Jasper County,
111. Samnel Parker, father of our subject,
was born in Butler County, Ohio, and when
very young came to Illinois (in 1818), while
it was still a territory, and located in Craw-
ford County. He has followed farming most
of his life and accumulated a considerable
amount of property He was married, Decem-
ber 31, 1835, to Miss Emeline Lanham, and
has three children living — one son (subject)
and two daughters, viz. : Mary J. , wife of
Peter C. Barick, and Sabina Ann, wife of
John P. Deam, all residents of this county.
In the fall of 1866, Mr. Parker purchased
property in Robinson and moved into town,
where he still resides.
THOMAS S. PRICE, clerk of County
Court, Robinson, a native of Ci'awford
County, 111., and a son of James D. and
Mary. E. (Smith) Price, was born May 1,
1850. He was brought up on the farm, at-
tending the common school of the neighbor-
hood until the age of twentj-, when he went
to Westfield College for seven months. After-
ward he attended the Indiana State Normal
School at Terre Haute, for three years,
1871-73, graduating in the common course.
Upon leaving school, he engaged in teach-
ing, which he followed until 1878, when he
received the appointment of Deputy County
Clerk under Mr. Reavill, remaining one year,
when he bought an interest in the Constitu-
tion. In August following he sold out, and
was apjiointed by the Board of Supervisors
County Clerk, to fill the vacancy occasioned
by the death of Mr. Reavill, and in Novem-
ber, was duly elected to fill out the unexpired
term. In the fall of 1882, he was re-elected
to a second term, which office he now fills.
He was married in Palestine, 111., December
17, 1879, to Miss Fannie B. Haskett, bom in
Crawford County, III., November 19, 1859,
daughter of E. C. Haskett, of Palestine.
They have two children — Ralph W., and
Harry H. Mr. Price is a member of Robin-
son Lodge, No. 250, A, F. & A. M., and of
Crawford Lodge, L O. O. F. Subject's
father was born in Calloway County, Ky., in
1806, and came to Illinois in 1829, stopping
first at Palestine, but afterward settled north-
west of Robinson, where he died November
22, 1873. He was twice married, first to
Miss Caldwell, she dying; he afterward mar-
ried Mrs. Mary E. Smith, a widow, and
daughter of Guy W. Smith, an early settler
of Crawford County. She was born March
13, 1821, and is still living on the old home-
stead. Mr. James D. Price had two children
by his first, and eight by his second, mar-
riage, seven of whom are living, viz.:
Thomas S. (subject), Alice J., John Z., Min-
nie, Austin G. , Luella C. and Everett E.
PHILIP REINOHL, engineer and farm-
er, was born on October 4, 1821, in Leba-
non County, Penn., engaged in farming, and
in 1853, he came to Crawford County and
located near New Hebron. He owns a farm
of 160 acres, all under cultivation. In June,
KOBINSON TOWNSHIP.
353
1882, he engaged in his present avocation —
entrineerins. He was married in 1843, to
Miss Sarah Saul. Has a family of seven
childi-en, six sons and one daughter — Will-
iam E., Reuben, Franklin P., Albert,
Philip, U. S. Grant, Mrs. Emma C. Man. He
is a member of the United Brethren Church.
JUDGE FRANKLIN ROBB, attorney at
law, Robinson, is a native of Gibson County,
Ind., where he was born February 15, 1817.
When sixteen years of age, he removed with
his parents to Laporte, Ind. After remain-
ing there for a time, he entered Wabash
College, at Crawfordsville, which he attended
for five years, taking a classical course and
graduating in 184U. He then engaged in
the study of law at Princeton, Ind. , under
Judcre Embree, and was admitted to the bar
in 1842. He practiced law for a short time
at Princeton, and then abandoned it and
began the study of medicine, which he fol-
lowed for about three years, attending lectures
at Louisville, Ky., and at Cincinnati, Ohio.
In 1845, he removed to Robinson, 111., and
engaged in the practice of medicine — except
one year, 1847-48, which he spent in York,
111., then returned to Robinson, where he has
since resided. He finally abandoned medi-
cine on account of his health, and resumed
the practice of law, which he has since con-
tinued to follow to the present time. Politi-
cally, Judge Robb is a Republican. He has
held the office of County Superintendent of
Schools, Justice of the Peace, a member of
the school board, etc. He was elected
County Judge in 1879, and served one term
ably and to the satisfaction of his constitu-
ency, and declined a nomination for a second
term. Judge Robb was married June 13,
1844, to Miss Martha J. E. Ing, a daughter
of Thomas Ing, Esq.
RUDDELL BROTHERS, druggists, etc.,
Robinson. Had Dickens written his Nicholas
Nickleby in Robinson, it would have been
evident that he took his characters of Cheery-
ble Brothers from the subjects of this sketch,
barring the facts that the Cheerybles were
old men and twins. In other respects the
characters are very similar. Zalmon and
J. D. Kuddell (the subjects) are descended
from that old pioneer stock of Ruddells, of
Bourbon County, Ky., for whom Ruddell
Station in that county was named, an early
settlement several times attacked by Indians
in the early days of the " Dark and Bloody
Ground." The subjects are sons of George
aud Martha (Neal) Ruddell, natives of Ken-
tuckj% who emigrated to Crawford County in
1853, locating in Lamotte Township. Mr.
Ruddell purchased an excellent farm there
of some 800 acres of land. He was a soldier
of the war of 1812, an honorable man and a
good citizen, and died September 25, 1855.
Zalmon Ruddell was born February 9, 1847,
and J. D. Ruddell was born March 11, 1849,
both in Kentucky, emigrating with their
parents to Illinois in 1853, as above. They
were brought up on the farm, attending the
common schools of the neighborhood. In
1868, both entered college, attending the
same number of terms, and after leaving
school engaging in the drug business together.
May 17, 1872, atMerom, Ind., and remaining
there till 1 877, when they removed to Robin-
sou, 111., continuing in the drug business
there till 1878, when they also engageil in
the furniture and undertaking business, and
have since conducted the three branches of
business with success, their annual receipts
amounting to $15,000 or $20,000. They
have indeed proved veritable Cheeryble
Brothers. Th(3 only thing in which they have
materially diverged from each other was, Zal-
mon, in 1864, enlisted in Company C, of the
One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Illinois Volun-
teer Infantry, for one year, J. D. being too
o
254
BIOGRAPHICAL:
young at the time to enter the army. Zal-
mon served until the close of the war, when
he was discharged. He was married April 1,
1873, in Sullivan County, Ind., to Miss Cam-
rie French, granddaughter of Gen. French
of Revolutionary fame. They have three
children, viz. : Ruth Pearl, Frank and Burel.
J. D. was married November 24, 1881, to Miss
Ettie Updyke, a davighter of Hon. William
Updyke. The Rudd«ll brothers are enter-
prising merchants of Robinson, and do a
large and profitable business, amounting to
some 115,000 annually. In November, 1881,
Zalmon was unanimously elected Captain of
Company E, Eighth Regiment Illinois Na-
tional Guards, a position his experience in
the late war eminently qualifies him to fill.
Martha (Neal) Ruddell, mother of the Rud-
dell brothers, subjects of the sketch, and
whose portrait appears in this volume, was
born in Boone County, Ky., December 'lo,
1805. She was married to George Ruddell
in August, 1825. George, with his young
wife, moved to Grant County, Ky., and set-
tled in the unbroken wilderness, where they
toiled amid hardships and danger, converting
their wilderness home into a comfortable and
profitable farm. In 1853, with her husband,
she removed to Illinois, settling in Lamotte
Township, in Crawford County. In 1855,
the grim messenger of death deprived her of
her husband and protector, leaving her with
a large family of small children to educate
and train for the duties of life, which duty
she has performed nobly, the subjects of
the sketch being the youngest of her charge.
She is a faithful and devoted Christian. She
joined the Methodist Episcopal Church in
childhood.
JAMES N. SHIPMAN, dealer in grocer-
ies, queensware, boots and shoes, etc., Rob-
inson, was born in Martin Township, Craw-
ford Co., 111., February 25, 1853, son of
Savilla and Mary (Doyal) Shipman, he a
native of Jackson County, Ind., born Octo-
ber 6, 1824, she born in Crawford County,
111., January, 1826, died October 9, 1874.
Mr. Shipman was raised on a farm and fol-
lowed agricultui'al piursuits till he entered the
store of G. B. Hicks, of Hardinsville, whore
he remained about two years. In October,
1881, he engaged in his present business and
is doing a good trade, carrying a full assort-
ment of goods in his line.
ALBERT R. SHORT, di-uggist, Robinson,
was born in Danville, 111., June 11, 1853,
and his boyhood days were spent in Vermil-
ion and Champaign Counties. He came to
Robinson in March, 1875, and engaged in
the di-ug business, which he still follows .suc-
cessfully. His annual sales amount to from
$8,000 to 111,000. He carries a complete
stock of drugs and notions, and has an ex-
tensive patronage. Subject was married Oc-
tober 9, 1879. to Miss Mai-y King, a daughter
of Ii-a King, of Robinson. The result of this
marriage is two children — Frank Alexander
and an infant daughter, Carrie.
JAIMES H. STEEL, whose portrait ap-
pears in this book, was born in the city of
Philadelphia, Penn., on the 23d day of June,
1823. His ancestors were of English, Scotch
and Irish blood. At an early day in his life,
his father removed to Terre Haute, Ind.,
taking him along. From that time forward
until after he was of age, most of his time
was spent clerking in Western stores. About
the year 1849, he settled in the then small
and new town of Robinson, having been pre-
viously elected County Clerk of Crawford
County. He held the county clerkship about
nine years, part of the time by appointment
to fill the vacancy caused by Hosea B. Jolly
leaving this county and his office. Mr. Steel
read law during the time he was County
Clerk, and on the 13th day of July, 1857,
ROBINSON TOWNSHIP.
255
was licensed to practice law. From that
time he successfully pursued his profession
until the year 1865, when the Hon. Ethol-
bert Callahan and himself formed a partner-
ship for the practice of law in Robinson.
That partnership continued about fourteen
months; then owing to the failing health of
Mr. Steel it was dissolved. For two or three
years after the dissolution of the firm, Mr.
Steel practiced alone, taking only such cases
as suited his inclination and strength, after
which time he entirely abandoned the law.
Mr. Steel was one of the founders of the Re-
publican party in this part of Illinois, and
he stood firmly by the Government and
the Union soldiers in the war for the preser-
vation of the Union. He was a man of good
business capacity, honorable and generous in
his dealings, enjoyed the confidence and es-
teem of his neighbors and the people of the
county. On the ith day of February, 1847,
Mr. Steel was married to Miss Emily J. Otey
daughter of James S. Otey, deceased, of this
county. This lady was born in Palestine, of
this county, and nol^ly helped and sustained
him through their married life. To them
were born sis children. After a lingering ill
ness, Mr. Steel departed this life on the 2d
day of December, 1872, leaving, surviving
him, his wife and four children — I\Irs. Will-
iam C. Jones, James O. Steel, Charles H.
Steel and Frank O Steel.
JAMES O. STEEL, attorney at law, Rob-
inson, a son of James H. Steel, was born in
this county January 7, 1848. He was brought
up in Robinson, where he had good facilities
for learning, and finished his education in
Asbury University at Greencastle, Ind. He
studied law under Mr. Hayward, of Olney,
111., and attended one term of the law school
at Ann Arbor, Mich. He was admitted to
the bar in 1873, and has practiced his pro-
fession in Robinson ever since. He was mar-
ried June 4, 1873, to Miss Mary E., daughter
of Hon. \Yilliam Updyke, of Robinson. They
have three childi'en — Herbert, James H. and
Kate. Jlr. Steel is a member of the Masonic
fratei'nity, and politically is a Republican.
CHARLES H. STEEL, Auditor Narrow
Gauge Railroad, Robinson, was born in
Robinson September 8, 1856, and is a son
of James H. Steel. He received a good
education, finishing up by attending a select
school for four years. He engaged in the
abstract of titles, real estate business, etc.,
and in 1881, accepted the position of Auditor
of the S. E. & S. E. R. R. (Narrow Gauge),
which position he now holds. He was mar-
ried February 21, 1876, to Miss Loretta
Miner, of Shelbyville, Ind. They have three
children- -Erie, Emily and Gertrude. Mr.
Steel is both a Mason and Odd Fellow.
F. ST. CLERGY, dentist, was born in
Spain July 9, 1854. Went with his father,
when quite young, to Buenos Ayres, S. A.
He located in a little town about sixty miles
fi-om Buenos Avres, by the name of Sinal-
onio de Ai-eco. At the age of twelve, he was
sent to New York City, where he attended
school under Prof. George Smiley, and grad-
uated in dentistry. He practiced his profes-
sion in dental offices in several of the lead-
ing cities of this country. In 1872, he
located in Robinson, his present home. He
was married, October 5, 1878, to Miss Julia
Mail, daughter of I. D. Mail. Has two chil-
dren— Fernando Magarinhos and an infant.
CORNELIUS STEPHENSON, farmer and
stock dealer, P. O. Robinson, was born No-
vember 20, 1829, in Butler County, Ohio.
He was raised in that county. He was mar-
ried, in that county, July 8. 1855, to Miss
Mary Hulse, daughter of Josejjh Hulse. In
1857, he removed to Crawford County, 111.,
and purchased a farm of 160 acres in Section
4, Robinson Township. He improved it and
256
BIOGRAPHICAl;:
built buildings, and has an excellent orchard;
to this he has added 312, mostly under culti-
vation. Raises an immense amount of wheat,
oats and corn — wheat principally; keeps a
large amount of stock. He has, for the last
three years, produced an average of 800
bushels. He has a family of four children,
three sons and one daughter, as follows:
Mrs. Emma Wakefield, wife of Andrew Wake-
field; Joseph C. ; Benjamin F. ; Cornelius
H. Subject is a Democrat. His (subject's)
father, Benjamin Stephenson, was born in
New Jersey. Removed with his j)arents, at
the age of four years, to Ohio — Butler County
— where he remained till his death, which
occurred in 1873 (June) aged about sixty-
seven years. He followed the profession of
farming, and became quite wealthy. He
owned, at one time, about four hundred acres
of land. He was married, in Butler County,
to Miss Theodosia Lowe, by whom he had
twelve children, of whom nine survive him.
He was also a Democrat.
L. E. STEPHENS, surgeon dentist, Robin-
son, is a son of John H. Stephens, and was born
in Loudoun County, Va. , September 8, 1845,
and when quite young came to Illinois with
his parents, and located in Hutsonville, in this
county; in 1854, moved to Porterville, and in
1871 came to Robinson. Subject received a
good common education, and attended West-
field College, ill Clark County, two years.
After leaving school, he studied dentistry
with his father, and in 1871 began the prac-
tice of his profession in Robinson, where he
has since resided. The subject was married,
July 29, 1873, to Miss May G., a daughter of
Judge James B. Trimble, of this county.
They have a family of five sons and one
daughter, viz. : Arthur G., Franklin A.,
John M. , Frederick, Earle (twins) and Mabel.
He is a member of the Knights of Honor,
and a thorough Democrat politically. His
father, John H. Stephens, died in Robinson,
September 7, 1877; his mother is still living
in the town.
RICHARD TALBOT, editor, Robinson,
was born July 19, 1848, in Somerset, Perry
Co., Ohio. He is a brother of Percy J. Tal
bot, whose sketch appears below. He re-
ceived the greater portion of his education
in his native village. He was married, March
22, 1875, to Margaret Crowley, born March
22, 1854, in Ohio. She is a daughter of S.
B. and Elizabeth (Williams) Crowley, natives
of Coshocton County, Ohio. Mr. Talbot
enlisted in the One Hundred and Thirty-fifth
Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and served five
months. His union gave him two children
— Ida B. and Emma C. He engaged at the
printing business in 1863; and had continued
the same until he joined the editorial staff of
the Constitution, to which he now gives his
entire personal attention. He is a "stanch
Democrat, " and works earnestly for the cause
of that f>rganization. Further notice made
of him and P. J. in the history of the press
of Robinson.
PERCY J. TALBOT, editor, Robinson.
The subject of this biography was born Au-
gust 28, 1855, in Somerset, Perry Co., Ohio.
His father, John, whose portrait appears in
this work, was born September 21, 1797, in
Tipperary, L'eland. He was not one of Fort-
une's petted ones, born with a silver spoon
in his mouth, but a member of an industrious
family. Early in his manhood, he became a
citizen of Canada, and espoused the cause of
that country, publishing a lively newspaper
known as the Liberal. In 1839, he located
at Somerset, Ohio, where he engaged in +he
hardware business, which he continued with
success imtJl 1863, when he withdrew and
became a resident of Terre Haute, Ind., and
subsequently of Robinson, 111., and at the
latter entered the newspaper business, taking
ROBINSON TOWNSHIP,
257
the management of the Robinson Constitu-
tion September, 1803, his efforts in which are
carefully noticed in the history of the press
in another portion of this work. Mr. Talbot
was a man of culture, liberal thought and
decided opinion. lie early imbibed the prin-
ciples of the Whig party, at the extermina-
tion of which he joined the Democratic party,
in the interests of which he labored until his
decease. He possessed a noble character,
and his intercourse with his fellow-man was
marked with that courtesy and suavity of
manner which accompanies true manhood.
" None knew him but to praise." When
the time came for him to be stricken from
life's roll on earth, he was prepared for life
eternal. His death occurred September 22,
1874, in Robinson. He was married to
Mary Jane Blake, born in Ireland January
5, 1817, and died in Robinson January 5,
1879. The result of the union was seven chil-
dren, Percy J. received a limited education
in the Robinson schools until he was nine
years old, when he was taken to the printing
office, to help maintain his father's family.
He has learned the trade thoroughly, from
"devil" up to editor. In 1879, he took
one-half interest in the Constitution, since
which time he has been an element in its his-
tory. He was married, at Robinson, Sep-
tember IB, 1879, to Mai-tha F. Dickson, born
February 28, 1859, in Robinson. She is a
daughter of William C. and Caroline V.
(Inge) Dickson. The result of his union has
been one child — Gertrude M., born April,
1880, and died April, 1881. He is a Demo-
crat.
SAMSON TAYLOR. County Treasurer,
Robinson. The subject of this sketch, the
accommodating County Treasurer, is a native
Buckeye, born in Ohio (Champaign County),
February 22, 1825. He removed to Craw-
ford County, 111., in 1848, and settled on a
farm in the present township of Honey
Creek. He purchased attract of eighty acres
of land, and has since added sixty acres to
it, making 140 acres, 120 of which are in cul-
tivation. Politically, Mr. Taylor is a Demo-
crat. He has taken an active part in politics,
and has frequently been elected to the offices
of Collector and Treasurer of the county,
holding the latter office from 1861 to 1867.
He was again elected Treasurer in Novem-
ber, 1882. He sold goods in Crawfordsville
from 1868 to 1874, when bis store was biu-nt
out and he returned to farming. Subject is
a leading Mason, having been a member of
the fraternity since 1846. Mr. T. was mar-
ried, June 18, 1846, to Miss Barbara Taylor
(no relative, however), of Champaign County,
Ohio. They have had the following chil-
dren: Joseph B.. Sarah L. , Julia A., Henry,
Hiram, Mary A., Samson, James C, Charles
A., John H., George, William S., David Y.
The last four are dead.
PETER WALKER, of the firm of Bull &
Walker, was born October 15, 1848, in Edin-
burgh, Scotland. He came to America in
1871, and located in Indianapolis, Ind. He
engaged in the dry goods business for one
year, also, for a short time, at Terre Haute.
In 1874, he located in Robinson, and engaged
in the same business. September 5, 1873, he
was married to Miss Emma Bull, daughter of
E. F. Bull. They have two children-Dale
and Peter. He is a member of Odd Fellows,
Knights of Honor and Knights and Ladies
of Honor.
ALDRIDGE WALTERS, son of Jacob
Walters, stock dealer and farmer, buys cattle
principally, also hogs, horses and all kinds of
stock. Was born October 28, 1837, a native
of this coimty. When he began life for him-
self he engaged in farming. Afterward in
stock dealing in Lamotte Township. He
owns a farm of 430 acres in Robinson Town-
258
BIOGRAPHICAL:
ship. Also 40 acres iu Lamotte Township.
He removed to Robinson in 1872 and has
made stock dealing his special business since.
He was married on October 26. 1862, to Han-
nah Mitchell, who died May 29, 1869. He
was married to Margaret R. Mitchell March
17, 1870. She died July 16. 1875. He was
married September 6. 1877, to Miss Martha
Delzell. He has three children living, one
by his first wife and two by his last, as fol-
lows: Jacob S., Mary T. and Ollie P. He
is a member of the Knights of Honor. His
father, Jacob Walters, was born 1803, in
Hamilton County, Ohio. He was mai-ried to
Miss Mary Jeffries about 1833. He was the
owner of about 600 acres of land at his death,
on Februai-y 1, 1866.
JESSE S. WATKINS, farmer, P. O. Rob-
inson, was born in Tuscarawas County, Ohio,
March 28, 1816. His father removed to Perry
County, Ohio, when he was quite young,
where he was mostly 'raised. Mr. Watkins
came to Illinois in 1847, and located on a
farm en Section 20, Robinson Township,
which has since been his home. He first
purchased 120 acres, only a part of which
was improved. He now owns 206 acres,
mostly under cultivation. He cast his first
vote for Van Bureu, and has voted the Dem-
ocratic ticket ever since. He was married
August 15, 1844, in Licking County. Ohio,
to Miss Elizabeth Alexander, a daughter of
Henry Alexander, Esq. They have one child
living and two dead.
H. O. WILKIN, Robinson, was born in
Crawford County, 111., and was educated
mostly in the common schools, attending
for a time the high school at Marshall. In
1862, he enlisted in the Ninety-eighth Illinois
Volunteer Infantry, which regiment formed
a part of the Army of the Cumberland. He
participated in the battles of Stone River,
Hartsville, Chickamauga, and in the Atlanta
campaign. After leaving the army, he came
to Robinson (in 1865), and engaged iu clerk
ing for Haskett Brothers, which he followed
eight years, when he went into the grocery
business with S. B. Allen. He afterward
sold out and went to Minnesota, remaining
a year, when he returned and bought an in-
terest in a mill; continuing in the milling
business three years, he sold out and engaged
in farming. He bought a farm which he
operated for some three years and which he
still owns. He again went into the grocery
business (firm Wilkin & Callagan), but in
December, 1882, sold out. Mr. Wilkin was
married August 31, 1869, to Miss Sarah E.
King, of Eobinson, a daucrhter of Ira Kins.
They have three children living — Ralph,
Anna and Ira — and one dead, viz., Lelia.
WILLIAM N. WILLIS (Willis & John-
son), hardware, Robinson, was born near
Indianapolis August 16, 1839, son of
Toliver M. and Lncinda J. S. (Langster)
Willis, and when quite young removed to
Kentucky, but afterward to Covington, Ind. ,
where he worked for three years in the mar-
ble business; he then engaged in clerking in
a hardware store, which he continued for
seven years for the same house. He came
to Robinson in 1875, and began the hard-
ware business here, which he has since
followed, and is at present a member of
the firm of Willis & Johnson. They carry
a large stock of goods, and have an excel-
lent trade. He was married May 8, 1872,
to Miss Virginia Prather, daughter of Dr. C
W. Prather, of Covington, Ind., and has a
family of four children, viz.: Edna S., Pearl
L.. William N. and Charles H. Mr. Willis
is a member of the Knights of Honor, and of
Knights and Ladies of Honor, and also the
Baptist Church.
JOSEPH J. WILSON, farmer and stock
raiser, P. O. Robinson, was born June 11.
ROBINSON TOWNSHIP.
259
1825, in Morgan County, Ohio, and is a son
of David Wilson, a native of Pennsylvania,
who removed to Illinois and settled in Craw-
ford County in 1850. He died here about
1863. He has three sons and one daughter
living— the sons all live in this county, and
are David, Solomon and Joseph J. , the sub-
iect. The elder Wilson came from Ohio by
wagon, over the old National road, passing
through Zanesville and Dayton, Ohio, and on
through Terre Haute. Joseph J. , the sub-
ject, was brought up on the farm, receiving a
good common school education. He came
with his father to Illinois, and some time
later bought 160 acres of land one mile north
of Robinson, and '.^0 acres of limber. Here
he has since followed the business of farm-
ing, raising wheat and corn mostly, producing
annually about 800 bushelu. He was married
in the fall of 1859 to Miss Nancy Conrad,
of this county. They have four children liv-
ing, viz. : Isabel, Mary E., Joshua S. and
Emma.
HON. WILLIAM C. WILSON, farmer, P.
O. Robinson, was born in Palestine, III., on
the 5th of November, 1832, and has spent his
whole lite in Crawford County. He is a son
of William and Elizabeth (Kitchell) Wilson;
the former was born in Virginia February
11, 1790, and died in March, 1850; he came
to Illinois in 1816, when the county was a
comparative wilderness, and settled near
Palestine, where he spent his life, mostly in
farming; was for four years (1845 to 1849)
Receiver of the Land Office at Palestine; his
wife belonged to the Kitchell family, long
prominent in the county, and was born in
New Jersey in 1799. Their children were
Eliza A., Robert C, JohnAV., Jeretta, James,
Hannah, William C. (subject), Martha and
Afla W. ; three died in infancy. Mr. Wilson,
the subject, was brought up on the farm, and
in those days farming was not the science
that it is now; ox teams were then common,
and the old wooden mold -board plow. When
he beean work for himself, he had 80 acres
of land, given him by his father. He now
owns about 560 acres near Robinson, well im-
proved His education was received in the
common schools of the neighborhood, which
he was unable to attend except during the
winter season. When twenty years of age,
Mr. Wilson was appointed Deputy Clerk, and
served for one year; he was elected County
Treasurer in 1854, for two years, and in 1856
postmaster at Palestine, which he held some
time. He then engaged in the milling busi-
ness, but retired from it in 1861; and the
same year was elected County Clerk, a posi-
tion he held for sixteen consecutive years; in
1879, was elected State Senator from the
Forty-fifth District composed of the counties
of Crawford , Clark and Jasper, and during
the sessions served on the committees of Ap-
propriation, Printing, Education, etc., etc.,
working actively during his term. He is a
member of the Presbyterian Church and of
the Masonic fraternity. He is a Democrat
in politics and cast his first vote for James
Buchanan for Pi-esident. Mr. Wilson was
married December 4, 1855, to Miss Sue F.
Waldrop, a daughter of Francis and Amelia
(Redmon) Waldrop— he a native of North
Carolina, and she of Ohio. He died March
11, 1848, and she died March 22, 1874. Mrs.
Wilson is a member of the Presbyterian
Church.
THOMAS N. WILSON, proprietor ma-
chine shop, Robinson, was born in Wayne
County, Ohio, April 18, 1853. He came to
Crawford County, 111., in 1867. He engaged
in farming a short time, and then went into
the Western country on a trip; visited the
Black Hills, from which ho returned to this
county in 1879. He purchased a saw mill
and engaged in the lumber business, which
260
BIOGRAPHICAL:
lie continued until the latter part of 1882,
whon he sold his mill and bought an interest
in the machine shop he now operates. He
owns four good dwellings in Robinson and
thirteen vacant lots. He is a member of the
Odd Fellows. Mr. Wilson was married April
28. 1880, to Miss May E. Myers, who died
October 28, 1882. She leaves one child,
Mabel Lenore, born September 29, 1882, who
was about one month old at her mother's
death.
J A. WISEMAN, Robinson, of the fu-m of
Wiseman & Brubaker, of the Robinson Plan-
ning Mills, was born January 24, 1849, in
Cincinnati, where he grew to manhood with
good facilities for education, and made good
use of the opportT»nity. He took up his trade,
! carpentering, at the age of fifteen, and at the
I age of nineteen he began contracting and do-
j ing a regular business for himself. He lo-
cated in Robinson in 1875. He bought a
I planing mill and has run that in connection
I with a lumber yard and regular contracting
and building business. He was married
February 3, 1871, in Crawford County, to
I Miss Lucy C. Sheets, born in Terre Haute,
Ind., July 5, 1848, daughter of John and
, Susan (Bayless) Sheets. This union has been
I blessed with four childi'en— Minnie May,
Maudie, William F., Mary Ella.
ABNER P. WOODWORTH, Cashier Rob-
inson Bank, Robinson. (A sketch of Mr.
Woodworth will be found in Palestine biogra-
phies in connection with Woodworth family).
HUTSONYILLE TOWNSHIP.
LEWIS ADAMS, hotel, Hntsonville, is a
native of Preble County, Ohio, born April
13, 1832. His father, Samuel Adams, is a
native of New Jersey; he was brought to Pre-
ble County, Ohio, by his parents, when he
was eighteen j^ears of age. In 1868, he re-
moved to Cass County, Ind., where he is now
living a retired life upon his farm. His
mother, Emily (Cook) Adams, was a native
of New Jersey, and died in Cass County, Ind. ,
in 1872. She was the mother of nine chil-
dren, of whom Lewis, our subject, was the
second child. He was raised on a farm
and educated from the common schools
of his native county. At twenty-one years
of age he engaged in the huckster busi-
ness. In 1857, he engaged in the butter
and egg business at Cincinnati. In 1858,
he returned to Preble County, and en-
gaged in the mercantile business in part-
nership with Frank McWhinney, at Eldorado;
here he remained for about eight years. In
1 864, he sold his interest in the store and re-
moved to Galveston, Ind., where he engaged
in the same business for himself. In 1870,
he engaged in the saw mill business in part-
nership with David Thomas. In 1873, he
exchanged his interest in the mill for a farm,
and remained upon the same about one year,
In 1874, he again embarked in the mercan
tile business, at Galveston, until 1876, when
the crisis of that year swept away all of his
property. In 1877, he again engaged in farm-
ing, and the following year removed to Craw-
ford County, where he engaged in the same
business until 1879, when he bought his
present business at Hntsonville, "The Adams
Hotel." In his last vocation, Mr. Adams has
met with success; his house is the best hotel
of the county, and the geniality and courtesy
of the landlord keep the house well filled.
In 1854, he married Miss Hannah Shuman,
HUTSONVILE TOWNSHIP.
201
who has borue him eight children, of whom
five are now living — Sarah, Emma, Anna,
Frank and Harvey. Mr. Adams is a mem-
ber of the I. O. O. F. , and a Republican in
politics.
WILLIAM F. ATHEY, stock-raiser and
farmer, P. O. Annapolis, is one of the
largest and most successful of the stock-
raisers iind farmers of Crawford County.
He was born in Licking County, Ohio,
July 17, 1833. His father, Robert
Athey, was born in Fauquier County, Va.,
April 23, 1801. Here he was raised, edu-
cated and married. In 1830, he removed to
Licking County, Ohio; in the fall of 18-50, he
removed to Crawford County, 111. He has
followed the occupation of a farmer, but is
now living a retired life upon his farm of 260
acres, in Hutsonville Township. His father
was Elijah Athey, a native of Virginia, and
of Scotch de.icent. He died in Ohio, in 1835
or 1836, aged eighty- four years. The mother
of our subject, Eliza Smith, was born in Virgin-
ia, and died in 1885, age thirty* years. She
was the mother of three children, of whom
William was the second child. His early
life was spent at home, receiving such an
education as could be obtained from the com-
mon schools, and assisting to till the soil of
his father's farm. At twenty-one years of
age, he left his home and embarked on his
career in life as a hired hand upon a farm
for John Hill, and remained in his employ
for about four years. In 1859, he bought
eighty acres of land where he now
resides, and began farming on his
own account; here he has since remained,
and by his honesty, industry and economy,
succeeded in accumulating a good property.
He is now the owner of 9G0 acres of prairie
land in one body. Mr. Athey raises a large
quantity of stock and deals largely in stock,
making it a specialty. In 1859, he married
Miss Adeline Newlin, a native of Crawford
County. Politically, he is a Democrat.
SAMUEL L. BENNETT, hardware, Hut-
sonville, was born in Sullivan County, Ind.,
November 13, 1847, to Vance and Elizabeth
(Armstrong) Bennett. His father was born
in Virginia April 13, 1806, emigrated to
near Lancaster, Ohio, in 1822, and to Sulli-
van County, Ind, in 1824, where he died
October 15, 1866. He was a farmer. His
wife, the mother of our subject, was born in
Fayette County, Ky., in Febniary, 1810, and
died in Sullivan Coimty, Ind., October 3,
1865; her father, Thomas Armstrong, was a
soldier in the Revolutionary war. Samuel
was the tenth child of the eleven childi-en
born to his parents; he was raised on a farm
and educated from the common schools, and
the U. C. College at Merom. At seventeen
years of age, he enlisted in the late rebellion,
serving from February, 1865, to the close of
the war, in Company G, One Hundred and
Forty-ninth Indiana Volunteers, under com-
mand of Col. Fairbanks. After the close of
the war, he returned home, and assisted to
till the home farm until 1867, when he en-
tered the college at Merom. In 1869, he be-
gan teaching the common schools of Craw-
ford County; in 1872, engaged in the drug
business at Robinson, continuing the same
but a few months, when he engaged as clerk
in the dry goods house of Frank Imcas. In
1874, in company with Howard Lutes, en-
gaged in the clothing business; in October,
1875, he came to Hutsonville, where he has
been engaged in the hardware business, the
firm being Draper & Bennett. In Crawford
County, in 1873, May 6, he married Miss Mat-
tie Draper. He is an active member of the
Masonic order. Politically, is a Republicari.
JOHN S. BOYD, farmer, P. O. Hutson-
ville, is a native of Crawford County, 111.,
bom November 11, 1838. His fatlier, Wil-
1162
BIOGRAPHICAL:
son Boyd, was born in Guilford County,
N. C, in 1806; when about sixteen years
of age, he was brought to Indiana by his
parents, and subsequently to Crawford Coun-
ty, 111. ; during his life, he followed the
occupation of a farmer; he died March 16,
1842. The mother of our subject was Mary
E. (Sackrider) Boyd; she was born in the
State of New York April 30, 1816, and was
brought to Crawford County by her parents
in the sirring of 1818. She died in Febru-
ary, 1876. She was a daughter of John
Sackrider, a native of New York; was Captain
in the war of 1812. The parents of our sub-
ject had four children, of whom three are now
living. John S. Boyd was principally raised
by his grandfather Sackrider, and was edu-
cated from the subscription schools. At
twenty-two years of age, he embarkod on his
career in life as a farmer; he then bought
eighty acres of land, a portion of his present
farm, and though he was compelled to go in
debt for it, he finally succeeded in paying for
it, and by his industry and economy has ac-
cumulated a good property, and is now the
owner of 365 acres of well improved land.
In 1858, iu Crawford County, he married
Miss Mary A., a daughter of Matthew Cox,
and a native of Crawford County. This un-
ion has been blessed with three children, of
whom two are now living, viz., Ellison and
Ross.
WILLIAM W. BOYD, farmer, P. O. Hut-
sonville, is the youngest of a family of three
children born to Wilson and Mary E. (Sack-
rider) Boyd. (See biography of John S.
Boyd.) He was born in Crawford County,
III, August 26, 1841; he was raised on the
home farm and educated from the subscrip-
tion schools, taught in the old log cabins com-
mon in his day. In 1861, he married Miss
Fidelia Bailiff, a native of Clark County,
111. They are the parents of the following
childi-en: Henry W., Bruce, Amanda A. and
Allen C. Mr. Boyd is one of the most success-
ful farmers and stock-dealers of Crawford
County. His farm contains 267 acres of
good land. In politics, Mr. Boyd is identi-
fied with the principles of the Democratic
party.
JOHN S. BRADBURY, farmer, P. O. West
York. This enterprising pioneer, whose por
trait appears in this book, was born August
IV, 1822, in North Carolina, is a son of John
and Mary (Hines) Bradbury, natives, the for-
mer of North Carolina, and the latter of
Maryland, and the parents of six children —
Anna, married Cornelius Martin; Peter (de-
ceased); Martha, married Bryant Cox, she is
deceased; James (deceased) ; Moreland (dead)
and John S. The father was a farmer and
cooper by trade, and at one time possessed a
large fortune in North Carolina, but with a
child-like confidence he trusted many persons
and went security for them, the result of
which comf)letely broke him up. In 1828,
the family rigged up two two-wheeled carts
and came to Orange County, Ind. , where
they remained among a number of acquaint-
ances who had located there. Their stay was
prolonged on account of James being sick
They located, in the year mentioned above, in
Crawford County. In 1829, the father died,
leaving the family on a rented farm. The
boys, possessing that eternal grit that is
characterized in the Carolinians, rolled up
their sleeves and soon had enough means to
buy a small home for the family. The
mother died in 1847. In thos-e days the only
chance for obtaining an education, was at the
pioneer school cabin, with slab seats, and
writing desks, greased paper for window
lights, etc. Mr. B. had only six months'
schooling, and in such a structure as the one
mentioDed above. John was the younger
son, and upon him devolved the duty of go-
HUTSONVILLE TOWNSHIP.
2G3
iug to mill, as the other boys were stronger
and could handle the plows and do the gen-
eral farm work with more ease than he.
On one occasion, he and a neighbor boy
started to mill, some miles away, on horse-
back, the usual way of going, and after
they had journeyed a distance from any
settlements, the sacks managed to tip, and
off they went. The little fellows were not
able to get the sacks on their faithful ani-
mals, with all the corn in them, so they emp-
tied about one half of it to the disposal of
the little wild animals, and went on with the
rest. At one time our subject was dropping corn
for a man by the name of AVilliamson, who
sent him for the cows one evening, aud when
he was just entering the timber he saw a
large Indian coming, whereupon he turned
for home and fled for safety. The Indian
was very friendly and was only on his way
to a neighbor's to trade some skins for corn.
Meetings were often held abovit Mr. B.'s home
by the red men, and he became well acquainted
with some of them. He was married in Feb-
ruary 12, 1844, to Jemima Buckner, a daugh-
ter of Henry and Martha (r^vaas) Buckner.
Her parents emigrated to this county about
1818, settling in Hutsonville Township. Her
parents were blessed with Jesse, Charles, Enos,
John, Jemima, Sarah and William. Her par-
ents were Methodists while Mr. B.'s were Quak ■
ers. Mrs. Bradbury died in 1851, and he was
subsequently married to Nancy Huckaby. The
result of the first union was James, P. G.
and Catharine, who married Harper Ingals.
The last union gave him eight children, viz.:
Andrew, John, Rora, George, Alice, Abbie,
Willis and Nancy. It is not too much to
say he has reared an excellent family. Not
one of them ever used intoxicating drink or
tobacco, unless it was to occasionally smoke a
cigar. He settled his present farm in 1850,
buying 90 acres and going in debt for it. He
now owns 335 acres of well improved land,
che result of his own labors. He cast his first
Presidential vote for James K. Polk, and has
always been a stanch Democrat. He is a
member of York Lodge, A., F. & A. M.
C. S. BUCKNER, merchant, West York,
is next to the youngest of a family of six
childi-en; was born January 16, 1855, in
Clark County, 111. His early years were
spent upon his father's farm, and was edu-
cated from the common schools. At twenty -
one years of age he left his home and eagaged
in farming on his own account. In 1878, he
bought 80 acres of land in Clark County and
sold it in 1881, when he bought the stock of
goods of Moore & Reynolds, at West York
and eno-aged in merchandising, at which he
is still engaged, and has the exclusive trade
of the town. His father, Charles Buckner,
was born in Crawford County, lU., in March,
1822; he is now residing in Clark County,
engaged in agricultural pui-suits. His mother,
Rebecca (Osborn) Buckner, was born in 1824
February <he 14th, at Sullivan. 111. Mr.
Buckner was married to Miss Harriet A.
Maxwell, in 1870, who died December 6,
1876, leaving one child as the result of their
union, viz., Frederick. In 1877, in Clark
County, he married a second time, Miss Julia
A. Buckner, a native of Tennessee, who has
borne him two children, of whom one is liv-
ing, Emma R. Mr. and Mrs. Buckner are
religiously connected with the Methodist
Church. In politics, he is a Republican and
an enterprising man, bearing a name and
reputation which is beyond reproach.
LEROY E. CHAMBERS, stock-dealer,
P. O. Hutsonville, is a native of Orange
County, Ind., born September 13, 1848, a
son of Charles F. and Mary S. (Elrod) Cham-
bers, both natives of Orange County. The
father was born May 3, 1823, a son of Samuel
and Eleanor (Lindley) Chambers, he, born
2G4
BIOGRAPHICAL:
Oct,ob«r 20, 1783. in North Carolina, and
she, August 18, 1784. The grandparents of
our subject were blessed with nine children,
Charles F. being the youngest of the family,
and his brother, William G., is the only liv-
ing representative of the old family. He
was born March 27, 1816. The father of
our subject was a harness-maker by trade,
but was also engaged in farming. He was
also a great inventor, and the many untimelj'
hours which he spent in this direction, per-
ceptably hastened his death, which occurred
May 12, 1876. The mother of our subject
was born February 24, 1828, and died in
June, 1851. She v^as the mother of two
children, our subject being the only one who
lived to maturity. The father was married
a second time, to Mary Lindley, born May
16, 1830, and died June" 26, 1876. She was
the mother of nine children. Our subject's
great-grandfather, Jonathan Lindley, was
the founder of Paoli, Ind., and his grand-
father, Samuel Chambers, laid out Cham-
bersburg, of the same State, and was once
Judge of Orange County. Our subject re-
ceived but a meager education, mostly in his
native county. He was married, March 10,
1870, to Lucetta Newlin, bom September 13,
1848, in this county, a daughter of Cyrus
and Eliza Ann (Hill) Newlin. Mr. and Mrs.
Chambers are the parents of sis children —
Oscar E., born July 23, 1871; Estella B.,
November 1, 1873; Everett A., March 9,
1875; Elmer A., September 4, 1877; Alice
C, November 12, 1879, and Arthur C, De-
cember 6, 1881. Our subject has a farm of
416 acres, and he engages in general farm-
ing and stock dealing. He is a Republican in
politics.
CAPT. W. J. COLLIFLOWER, farmer,
P. O Hutsonville, was born iu Washington
County. Md., September 18, 1833. He was
the oldest of six children born to Peter and
Mary (Markett) CoUiflower, and passed his
youth with his father on the farm, where he
acquired a robust constitution, which fitted
him for the active duties of subsequent years.
His early education was somewhat limited,
owing to the indifferent schools of that day,
but by mingling in society, and coming in con-
tact with all classes of men, he has since ac-
quired a practical knowledge not to be de-
rived from books. When our subject was
but thirteen years of age, his father died, leav-
ing him to fight his own way in life and make
■ his own livelihood. He first found employ-
ment on a farm where he was compelled to
work early and late for the meager sum of
$3 per month, a sum which in his eyes at
that time appeared princely. In the fall of
1847, he accompanied his brother-in-law,
Samuel Sowders, to Columbus, Ohio, and in
the sjjring following moved near Dayton, in
the saoie State, where he remained for four
yea^s working as a farm hand. In the year
1851, he changed his occupation, and engaged
in the huckster business for Levi Lemon, and
one year later for himself. He continued
hucksterincr but a short time; afterward en-
gaged as a clerk in a dry goods and grocery
store, in which business he developed rare
business qualities and won the esteem of his
employer. In the spring of 1853, in com-
pany with a number of persons as restless as
himself, he made an overland trip to Califor-
nia, for the pui-pose of engaging in the min-
ing business. He remained in California
until July, 1854, when, becoming dissatisfied
with the country, he returned to his home in
Ohio, but only to remain a short time, for in
September, 1855, we find him again on his
way to the Golden i^tate, but this time by
water. From California he made a trip to
Van Couver's Island, in company with sev-
eral prospectors, where they built a boat for
the purpose of exploring the Frazer River
HUTSONVILLE TOWNSHIP.
265
and country adjacent, in the hope of discov-
ering new mines. The little company toiled
for msny weary days and ascended the stream
for a distance of 200 miles, but met with no
success in their mining venture. In the spring
of 1859, he again returned to California, where
he spent the summer, and found himself
back with his friends in Ohio the following
winter. One year later, be embarked in
another business venture, with Texas as his
objective point, but being favorably impressed
with Southwest Missouri, he stopped there
and encased in the fruit tree business. He
also bought furs of the Indians while here,
which he took back East and disposed of at
a handsome profit. In August, 1862, he en-
listed in the Sixty-third Ohio Infantry, Com-
pany I. He went out as Captain of his com-
pany, and participated in all the battles in
which his regiment was engaged. He was
mustered out in Aiigust, 1864, and immedi-
ately thereafter came to Illinois and purchased
his present farm in Crawford County, where
he has since remained, one of the prominent
citizens of the community. He has added to
his original pui'chase, and is at the present
time owner of 265 acres of choice land. In
June, 1S61, near Dayton, Ohio, he married
Miss Sarah A. Horning, she being born May
19, 1838. They are the parents of eight chil-
dren, viz.: Minnie H., John S., ^Villiam P.,
Lawrence G., Estella M., Myrtle M., Roscoe
and Ralph. In politics, Mr. Colliflower is an
ardent supporter of the Republican party.
The father of our subject was born in Wash-
ington County, Md., in the year 1780, and
passed his life as a farmer, dying in January,
1846. The mother was born 1802, and is
still living near Dayton, Ohio.
THOMAS CORRELL, farmer, P. O.
Trimble, was born in Crawford County, 111.,
July 30, 1830, to Hiram and Rebecca (New-
lin) Correll. The father was a farmer, born
August 12, 1807, in North Carolina, and
died September 7, 1873, in this county. The
mother of our subject is a native of Randolph
County, N, C, born July 1, 1810, and is still
living in this county. The parents had elev-
en children — Thomas, Sophia, Alfred, John,
Matthew, Margaret, Mary, Irena, Jane, Lu-
cretia and Wintield S. Those deceased are
John, Margaret, Jane and Lucretia. The
early schooling of oiu- subject was limited.
He started in life as a farmer, and he has
always applied himself to farming pursuits.
He was married in this county. May 23, 1850,
to Susannah York, born in this county July
28, 1828, a daughter of John and Martha
(Eaton) York, natives of Kentucky. In 1855,
our subject moved to his present place, hav-
ing at the time eighty acres, which additional
pui'chases have increased to 345 acres, which
is given to general farming and stock-
raising. Of late years, he has done consider-
able outside threshing and has recently pur-
chased a tile-making outfit, including an en-
gine and mill, which he and his sons con-
template operating in the future. Mr. and
Mrs. Correll are the parents of ten children
— Albert N., born June 27, 1853; Orlan N.,
October 15, 1854; Matilda E., June 20, 1857,
and died June 13, 1867; Sojjhia I., February
27, 1859, and died August 13, 1860; Celestia
J., November 6, 1860, and died in the spring
of 1881; Charles M., June 21, 1862; Minnie
B., December 20, 1865; Ira H., August 10,
1867, and died April 13, 1809; John A.,
April 13, 1869, the same day as the latter's
death, and William W., August 12, 1873.
Our subject is a member of the Patrons of
Husbandry, Science Lodge, No. 1161, and is
also, with his wife, a member of the Chris-
tian Church. In politics, he is a Repub-
lican.
ALFRED CORRELL, farmer, P. O. Trim-
ble, was born in this county January 19,
266
BIOGRAPHICAL:
1834, a son of Hiram and Rebecca (Newlin)
Correll (see sketch of Thomas Correll else-
where). His early education was limited.
He started for himself in life at the plow,
and has always given his attention to agri-
cultural pursuits. He was first married,
April 12, 1857, in this county, to Nancy Jane
Hill, born January 23, 1837, in this county,
a daughter of Sargent and Lydia Catharine
(Griggs) Hill. She died November 30, 1877.
By her our subject had ten children — Melissa
E. , born J anuary 24, 1858 : Leander, Novem-
ber 4, 1859, and died December 29, 1881;
Catharine R, November 15, 1861, died May
2, 1867; Clara A., April 30, 1865; Rosetta,
August 8, 1867; Levi, April 8, 1869, died
August 18. 1869; Harlem, December 16,
1870; Arthur A., August 9, 1873; a son,
March 3, 1876, died March 7, 1876, and
Thomas L. , November 30, 1877, and died
April 19, 1879. Our subject was married a
second time, in this county, October 6, 1878,
to Sarah Jane (York) Correll, born May 28,
1835, in this county, a daughter of John and
Martha (Eaton) York. She was first married
to Jonathan R. Correll, born June 4, 1835,
and by him had foui- children — Louvisa. born
April 2, 1856; Henry A., December 23, >857;
Mahala E. , August 23, 1859, and Everett,
July 31, 1860, and died in March, 1863. In
1857, our subject moved to his. present place,
which at that time consisted of eighty acres.
It now contains 120 acres, mostly in cultiva-
tion. He is a member of the Patrons of
Husbandry, and with his wife, of the Chris-
tian Church. He votes the Republican
ticket.
BYRANT COX, retired farmer, P. O. Hut-
sonville, whose portrait appears in this work,
is a son of Thomas and Winney (Harml) Cox,
and was born in Wayne County, N. C, Oc-
tober 21, 1804. His father, a native of the
same State, died in 1809, and his mother be-
tween 1850 and 1860. Byrant was the foui-th
of a family of seven children, and his father
dying left him a lad of about five years old
to be supported and reared by his widowed
mother. His youth was spent upon a farm,
where he early learned to do his part toward
the general support of the family. Educa-
tion at the schools was impossible under such
circumstances, and he was obliged to be sat-
isfied with seventeen days with the school
master. He was not without other resources,
however, and by his quick and intelligent ob-
servation, Mr. Cox gained an education which
has served him well in business. After pass-
ing his twentieth birthday some six months,
he married and began farming on his own
account, paying out more than half he made
for rent. This, with the unprofitable style of
farming prevalent in his native State, deter-
mined him to emigrate to the Northwest, and in
1830 he started for Illinois. On June 1, of
this year, he reached Crawford County, mak-
ing the whole journey on foot, his wife and
children coming in a cart drawn by two horses,
onlyoneof which be could call his own. Be-
sides this his whole earthly possessions were
comprised in $30 cash which he had in his
pocket. He rented land and began farming
in Hutsonville Township, about a quarter of
a mile from his present residence. Here the
whole family slept on the floor of their cabin,
as their straitened circumstances denied
them even the luxui-y of a bedstead. The
first crop was corn, which proved a success,
and found sale at 8| cents per bushel. Here
Mr. Cox labored three years before he got
money enough to enter land; but in 1833 he
secured a pre-emption for three years, and.
though nearly losing the land, finally entered
it in June, 1836. From this start of 70
acres, by industry and economy, he added to
his possessions until he owned 61 1 acres,
which he subsequently divided among his
HUTSONVILLE TOWNSHIP.
36r
children and retired with his wife to a life
of ease. On February 5, 1824, Mr. Cox mar-
ried Martha Bradbury, in North Carolina.
On February 5, 1842, she died, leaving live
children, the youngest onlj' three months
old. Of these children, only three are now
living — Sally, William and Andrew. July
15, 1842, in Crawford County, he married
Candace Harrison, who died March 1. 1879,
leaving three children — Simpson, Angeline
and John Thomas. In August 14, 1881, he
married Sarah Afiller, a native of Crawford
County. Mr. and Mrs. Cox are members of
the Christain Church.
WILLIAJM R. COX, farmer, P. O. Hutson-
ville, is a son of Byrant and Martha (Brad-
biuy) Cox, born in Wayne County, N. C,
January 14, 1828. He was brought to Craw-
ford County by his parents when sixteen
years of age. His education was limited to
the subscription schools, and never attended
them until after he was twelve years old.
Arriving at his majority, he marked upon his
career in life as a farmer upon his own ac-
count. He first rented a farm of eighty
acres, on Lamotte Prairie, and remained upon
the same until August, 1854, when he re-
moved to his present residence. His farm
contains 70 acres, and was mostly in timber
and brush when he removed to it. He has
cleared 54 acres of it, and erected a large and
commodious residence. He makes the rais-
ing of stock a speciality. In 1854, on the
12th of March, he married Miss Nancy Ann
Dawson, a native of Clark County, 111., born
Februarj' 26, 1831, to Daniel and Esther
(Wells) Dawson. Her father was born in
South Carolina, November 12, 1797, and died
in Crawford County, 111., in February, 1869.
He was an early settler of Clark County.
Her mother was born in North Carolina June
18, 1795, and is now residing with her
daughter, Mrs. Cox. She came to Crawford
County with her parents in 1819, and located
near Hutsonville. Mr. and Mrs. Cox have
fom* children — Martha May, Henry W., Ella
and Amanda C. Mr. Cox is an industrious
man, a practical farmer, a kind, indulgent
father, and a good neighbor. He has never
been farther away from home than Terre
Haute. He and family are members of the
Christian Chui'ch. Politically, he is a Demo-
crat.
REV. JOHN L. COX, farmer and preacher,
P. O. Hutsonville, was born in Crawford
County, on his present farm, December 10,
1840. His father was a farmer, born in
Wayne County, N. C, September 25, 1804.
He came to Union County, 111. , with his par-
ents in 1823, and in 1855 to Crawford
County, and three years later married Miss
Debora Lindley, a native of North Carolina,
born April 5. 1811. He died January 22,
1868, and she died November 24, 1878. They
had ten children, eight of whom lived to be
gi'own, John L. being the sixth child. His
early life was spent on the home farm, and
was educated fi'om the common schools. At
twenty -five years of age, he left his home,
married, and engaged in farming on his
own account. His wife died the same
3'ear, and the following summer he re-
turned to the home farm, where he has
since remained. In Januaiy, 1867, he
began preaching in the Missionary Baptist
Church, near his present residence, and for
the last twelve years he has been the regular
pastor of that church. He is now dividing
his time between the above church and the
Mount Zion and Liberty Churches, He was
five years pastor of the Rich Woods Baptist
Church, southeast of Palestine, ilr. Cox is
a man of energy, and in connection with his
clerical duties, is actively engaged in farm-
ing. He is the owner of a good farm of 145
acres. His first marriage occurred January
268
BIOGRAPHICAL:
25, 1866, to Miss Augusta Rains, wlio died
November 21, 1866. His present marriage
occurred November 25, 1875, to Miss Lucinda
Mickey, a native of Crawford County, born
February 8, 1856. This union has been
blessed with the following children: Earnest,
Eunice and Almie.
A. J. COX, druggist, Hutsonville. This
gentleman was born in Crawford County, III.,
November 1, 1841, tu Bryant and Martha
(Bradbury) Cox, whose history appears in an-
other part of this work. His early life was
spent at home, receiving siich an education as
the common schools afforded, and assisting in
tilling his father's farm; arriving at his ma-
jority, he left his home and embarked on
his career in life as a hired hand in a
stable for William B. Touel, of Terre Haute.
He continued to work out by the month until
about 1806, when he came to Hutsonville,
and entered into partnership with J. T. Cox,
in the dry goods business; three years later,
his partner died and J A. Parker entered the
til-m; they continued the business until 1873,
when he sold his interest to Parker, and the
following year bought the whole stock of
goods and ran it individually until ttie crisis
of 1876, when he lost everything. In 1877,
he engaged in the drug business, at which he
still continues in his large and commodious
brick store. In 1865, he married Miss Celesta
Fleming, a native of Crawford County.
In politics, is a Democrat, and, with his wife,
is connected with the Christian Church. He
enjoys the highest esteem of the community
in which he lives.
SIMPSON COX, farmer, P. O.Hutsonville,
was born near his present residence in Craw-
ford County, August 19, 1847. He is the
youngest son of Byrant Cox, whose biography
appears in this work. His early life was
spent at home assisting in tilling the soil of
his father's farm and receiving such an edu-
cating as the common schools afforded. "When
he became of age he was given by his father
106 acres of home farm, and he has since re-
mained here engaged actively in farming and
stock-raising. He is now the owner of 460 acres
of good land. In Crawford County, February
11, 1879, he married Miss Olive Newlin, a
native of the county, born February 7, 1847
to Cvi'us and Eliza Ann (Hill) Newlin. Mr.
and IVIrs. Cox are member-! of the Christian
Church. Mr. Cox is now holding the office
of Supervisor.
FRANK DRAPER, farmer, P. O. Hutaon-
ville, is a native of Crawford County, 111., born
one half mile from his present residence,
March 4, 1819, to Chalkley and Rhoda (Wil-
lard) Draper. His father was a native of
North Carolina; emigrated to Crawford Coun-
ty in 1815; his occupation was that of wagon
making, which he continued to the time of
his death, which occurred in about 1840, aged
fifty four years. His mother was bom in North
Carolina, and died in Crawford County, in
November, 1848. aged sixty-four years; she was
the mother of eleven children, of whom Frank
was the tenth child born; he was raised on a
farm, and deprived of the opportunity of
receiving an education; at twenty-three years
of age, he left his home and commenced farm-
ing upon his present farm on his own ac-
count; the farm then contained 00 acres, but
by his industry and studied economy he has
enlarged it until now it contains 225 acres of
good land. In August, 1879, Mr. Draper
was afflicted with a stroke of paralysis, from
which he has never recovered. While in good
health, he was a very industrious man, and
never went farther away from home than
TeiTe Haute. In Crawford County, June 1,
1845, he married Miss Mety Morgan, a na-
tive of North Carolina, born October 31, 1824,
to William and Mary (Lamb) Morgan, both
natives of North Carolina. He was born
HUTSONVILLE TOWNSHIP.
371
NoYember 23, 1801, and died February 20,
1846. ybe was born April 1, 1805, and died
in August, 1866. Mr. and Mrs. Draper have
two children, Oliver and Alonzo. Mrs. D.
is a member of the Universalist Church. Po-
litically, Mr. Draper is a Democrat.
. W. L. DEAPEE, hardware merchant,
Hutsonville, is a native of Crawford County,
111., bom September 22, 1827. His father,
Exum Draper, was a native of North Caro-
lina, born in 1804. He was brought to Illi-
nois by his parents, who located in Crawford
County in 1816, being among the earliest
settlers; here he was raised on a farm and ed-
ucated from the common schools. During his
life engaged in agricultural pursuits and
also worked at the trade of a carpenter. In
1846, he removed to New Orleans, and there
died in 1847. The mother of om- subject,
Mary Wells, was born in North Carolina in
about 1806, died on the Mississippi Eiver,
while en route to New Orleans, in 1846.
They were the parents of four children,
of whom William, our subject, was the oldest
child. He was raised on a farm and edu-
cated from the subscription schools com-
mon in his day. He has however, ac-
quired more than an ordinary education
from observation. In 1846, he i-emoved to
New Orleans with his ])ai'ents and entered
the employ of his brother-in-law. In 1849,
he returned to Hutsonville, where he em-
barked on his career in life, a merchant, do-
ing a general merchandising business on a
small capital, and continued the same until
1863, when he sold his stock of goods and
removed to Terre Haute and engaged in a
cotton speculation, which proved very unsuc-
cessful; he lost over $40,000 by the transac-
tion, and went into bankruptcy. In 1870, he
returned to Hutsonville and again embarked
in the mercantile business, carrying on a
general store for two years. In 1872, he
started a new hardware store, at which he
is still actively engaged, carrying a large and
complete stock, and doing the only business
of the kind in town. It might be said to
Mr. Draper's credit that he struggled through
bankruptcy, paid his individual debts, and
is now one of the wealthiest men in this part
of the county. In York, January 22, 1850, he
married Miss Elizabeth Foster, who has borne
him five children, of whom three are now liv-
ing, viz. : Beatrice, widow of Frank Boyd,
residing in Iowa; Mattie, wife of Samuel
Bennett, and Henry L, at home. He has
been an active member of the I. O.
O. F. for thirty-two years, and has repre-
sented his lodge at the Grand Lodge several
times. He is a thorough and energetic bus-
iness man, always first in any public enter-
prise, and well worthy of the high esteem in
which he is held. Politically, he is a Dem-
ocrat.
W. EATON, M. D., Hutsonville. Among
the enterising practitioners of medicine in
Crawford County is Dr. Eaton, who was
born in Sullivan County, Ind , on the 22d
day of February, 1838. He was raised on a
farm until he was nineteen years of age, and
educated from the common schools and sem-
inary at Sullivan. At twenty years of age,
he began teaching the common schools of his
native county diu'ing the winter months, and
working on the farm in the summer. April
20, 1861, he enlisted in the last rebellion, and
served in Company I, Seventeenth Indiana
Vohmteers, under command of Col. John T.
Wilder, and was engaged in many battles;
the following are among the most prominent,
viz. : Stone Eiver, Hoover" s Gap, Selma, Ala. ,
Chattanooga and Nashville. He was mus-
tered out of service August 19, 1865, and im-
mediately returned to his native tovm and
began the study of medicine with Dr. Hin-
■ kle, with whom he had studied before enter-
p
272
lilOGKAPHICAL:
ino- the army. In 1865, he entered the Rush
Medical College at Chicago, and graduated
in 1867. He immediately entered upon the
practice of his profession at Hutsonville,
where he has built up a largo and increasing
practice. He was united in wedlock in 1867,
May 7, to Miss Eliza Griffith, who has borne
him fom- children, viz.: Georgia, Fanny, Char-
ley and Bethel. Capt. Charles Eaton, the
father of oui- subject, was a farmer, born in
Kentucky, emigrated to Sullivan County,
Ind., in about 1825, where he died in 18/3,
aged sixty-six years. His wife and mother
of oiu- subject was born in Kentucky, and
died in Sullivan County, Ind. , in 1866, aged
tifty-seven years. They had eleven children,
seven of whom are now living, viz. : James,
Madison, Sarah, Lewis S. , William, Eobert
and Charles, the latter a physician at Ann-
apolis. The Doctor is a member of the
Esculapian Medical Association of the
Wabash Valley, and President of the Craw-
ford County Association. He is an Odd Fel-
low. Knight of Honor, and with his wife,
member of the Methodist Episcopal Church.
C CAPT. GEORGE B. EVERINGHA.M,
farmer, P. O. Hutsonville, was born near
Trimble Station. Crawford County, 111,
March 2. 1843. His father, John Evering-
ham, was born near Cincinnati, Ohio, and
there raised and educated. In 1830, he emi-
grated to Crawford County. 111., and located
at Palestine, where he engaged at his trade,
that of a harness- maker, which had been
learned in Ohio. He afterward divided his
time between farming and working at his
trade. He died June 20, 1873. He was a
son of Enoch Everingham, a native of Sus-
sex County, N. J., a millwi-ight by trade.
The mother of our subject, Sarah (Newlin)
Everingham, was born in Crawford County,
111., and died April 15, 1878. She was the
mother of fourteen childi-en, of whom nine
are now living, George B. being the oldest
child. He was raised on a farm, and was
compelled to workout for his board, while re-
ceiving a limited common school education.
At nineteen years of age, he enlisted in the
late rebellion, serving in Company F, of the
Sixty-second Illinois Volunteers Infantry.
He was in the following engagements: Jack-
son, Tenn. ; Cross Roads, Tenn. ; aud Little
Rock, Ark. He entered the service Decem-
ber 1, 1861, as a private, and was mustered out
March 6, 1866, Captain of his company.
After the close of the war, he returned home
and worked with his father at the harness -
maker's ti'ade for about three months, and then
engaged in the livery business, at Palestine,
in partnership with John E. Miller. After
one year in this business, he engaged in farm-
ing with his brothers, William and Allen C.
renting a farm on the prairie. In 1868, he
bought 30 acres of the home farm and re-
mained upon the same until January, 1871,
when he traded this land for 112 acres where
he now resides. Mr. Everingham's life has
I been marked with many ups and downs, but
being a man of good health, he has worked
many days from sunrise till sunset, and by
his energy, honesty and economy he has man-
; aged to meet his many discouragements and
drawbacks, and at present stands among the
more substantial men of Crawford County.
I He is now the owner of one of the best
improved farms of the county, containing
260 acres of good land. In February, 1868,
he married Miss Anna M., daughter of
William Musgrave. They have the follow-
ing childi-en: Nora, Ellen, Ida, Ai-thur C.
and Esther. He and wife are members of
the Baptist Church; he is Deacon of the same.
Politicallv, he is a Republican.
JOHN R. FITCH, farmer, P. O. West
York. This gentleman was born January
2, 1862, in York, 111. He was a grandson of
HUTSONVILLE TOWNSHIP.
273
Chester Fitch, born April 12, 1787, in Rut-
land, Vt., who died Augiist 23, 1847, in York,
111. He married Elizabeth Richardson, bom
December 15, 1789, in Now York. She died
September 25, 1869, in York. 111. She was
the mother of seven children, of whom Ed-
ward Fitch was one. He was born Novem-
ber 1, 1829, in York, 111., and died January
9, 1870, in York, 111. He married Mary Jane
Mount, born October 14, 1832, in Clark
County, 111. She died April 27, 1865, in
York, 111. She was a daughter of John L.
and Tamar (Megeath) Mount, and the mother
of one son, John R. Fitch, om- subject.
Chester Fitch may be classed among our old
pioneers and bis grandson yet owns the old
home place which was entered by him. Mr.
John R. Fitch now owns aboiit 500 acres of
land in Clark and Crawford Counties. He
is identified with the Republican party, as
were his ancestors before him. Edward
Fitch was married November 22, 1860, and
after spending a portion of the following
winter in the South, he came back to York
and settled on the old farm which then be-
longed to the heirs. By his careful manage-
ment of the farm, and dealing in stock, he
made enough money to buy the interests of
tne other heirs, and at the time of his death
owned 500 acres of land free from debt,
which our subject inherited.
H. H. FLESHER, merchant, Hutson-
ville. The father of this gentleman, Isaac
Flesher, was a native of West Virginia, born
in 1796. His occupation was that of a car-
penter. For several years previous to his
death, was High Sheriff of Jackson County.
He was a soldier in the war of 1812. He
died in 1841. His father was Andrew Fles-
her, of French descent, a native of Virginia
and a soldier in the Revolutionary war.
The mother of our subject was Elizabeth
Bonnett, a native of Pennsylvania, bom
October 4, 1802, and died in March, 1880.
William Bonnett, her father, was of German
descent and a native of Pennsylvania; he was
noted for his strength. H. H. Flesher was
the youngest of eleven children bora to his
parents. He remained at home until he was
twenty one years of age, and' attended the
common schools of his native county. He
first began farming, and continued the same
about two yeai's, and then engaged in boat-
ing on the river, commencing as second
clerk, afterward pilot, and subsequently Cap-
tain and owner. He continued in this busi-
ness until 1881, when he came to Hutsonviile
and embarked in the iuercantile business, at
which he is still actively engaged. In 1861,
at Racine, Ohio, he married Miss Catherine
Batey, a native of Racine. Ohio. He is
Secretary of the Odd Fellows Lodge at Hut-
sonviile, No. 106; is Town Clerk, and poli-
tically a Democrat.
MANUEL FURRY, farmer. P. O. Hutson-
viile, was born in Johnsville, Montgomery
Co., Ohio, September 20, 1832. His father,
Martin FuiTy, was a native of Washington
County, Md.. born in October, 1799. He
was raised on a farm and received a common
school education. In 1832 he, with his fam-
ily, emigrated to Montgomery County, Ohio,
where he remained actively engaged in farm-
ing until he died in 1880. He was of Ger-
man descent. His wife, and mother of our
subject, was born in Washington County.
Md., in 1799, and died in Ohio in 1840. She
was the mother of nine children, of whom
seven are now living, Manuel being the fifth
child. He remained with his parents, assist-
ing in tilling the home farm and receiving
a common school education, until he was
twenty-eight years of age. He then enlisted
in the last rebellion, in the Sixty-third
Ohio Infantrj', . in the company of Capt.
Colliflower. He was mustered out of the
274
BIOGRAPHICAL:
service in Jaly, I860, at Camp Dennison.
After the war, he removed to his present
residence in Crawford County, where he has
since been engaged in farming. He is now
the owner of sixty-five acres of land. In
1860, in Johnsville, he married Miss Lydia
A. Horning, a native of Johnsville, Ohio.
This union has been blessed with the follow-
ing children: Josephine E., Viola A., and
Bernice B. Mr. Furry and wife are members
of the Union Church of Lamotte Prairie.
He is a Kepubliean.
JOHN J. GOLDEN, M. D., hardware
merchant, Hutsonville, whose portrait ap-
pears in this work, is the youngest in a fam-
ily of fourteea children, was born October
28, 1837, at Xenia, Clay Co., 111. His early
years were spent upon his father's farm in
his native place until about sixteen years of
age, when he accompanied his parents to
Texas. Here he remained with his father,
who was engaged in stock raising, until 1859.
In the meantime he had laid the foundation
of a good ediication at the public schools,
but with no intention of entering upon a
professional career. His tastes were toward
the trade of silversmith, but his father, who
was well to do, urged him to take up the
medical profession. A chance book on anat-
omy, w}nch fell into his hands while in
Texas, tmned the scale in favor of his
father's wishes, and in 1859 he entered the
St. Louis School of Medicine. Here he en-
tered with ardor upon the preparation for his
chosen profession, and was thus engaged when
the war of the rebellion summoned him to the
field. While devoted to the profession he
had learned to love, he felt his highest duty
called him to the defense of his country, and
he at once enlisted in Company K, of the
Forty-eighth Illinois Infantry. Here his
medical ability found recognition, and he
was soon made Hospital Steward, and sub-
sequently promoted to Hospital Surgeon.
He shared the fortune of his regiment
through the war, however, and with them
traveled, by land and water, 13,000 miles,
and took part in thirty-two engagements.
After serving to the end of the war, and
being mustered out at Little Rock, in 1865,
he retiu-ned to Clay County, 111., and began
the practice of his profession. Four years
later he returned to his college, completed
his studies inten-upted by the war, gi-aduat-
ing in 1870, and resumed his practice. In
1872, Dr. Golden removed to Hutsonville,
111., and the following year, in connection
with his practice, engaged in the drug busi-
ness. He was appointed Postmaster in
1872, which he held until 1879, when he sold
his drug business and retired to his farm in
the suburbs of the village. It was his inten-
tion, at this time, to give up his riding prac-
tice and attend only to ofiSce calls, but the
force of business habits, and the burning of
his residence in the spring of 1882 has
again brought him to the village, where he
has just embarked in the hardware business
in partnership with K. W. Kennedy. The
earliest of Mi-. Golden" s ancestry in this
country came from County Tyrone, Ireland.
His father, Edmond Golden, was born in the
year 1776, in Virginia, where he passed his
youth and- early manhood. He served as
Captain in the war of 1812, and in 1815 he
removed to Barbersville, Ky., and five years
later to Orange County, Ind., and there
helped to erect the first coiu-t house in that
county. In 1830, he came to Clay County,
111., and in 1853, to Wise County, Tex.
Here he] entered largely in stock raising,
and accumulated considerable property; but
the fate of war wi'ecked his fortunes. In
1865, he returned to Clay County, 111. , where
ho died three years later His mother, Mary
(Cheser) Golden, was born in Grayson Coun-
HUTSONVILLE TOWNSHIP.
275
ty, Va., in 1780, and died in 1872, in Clay
County, 111. Her father was William Cheser,
a native of England, who emigrated to this
country very early. He was subsequently a
soldier in the war of 1812. Dr. Golden was
married to Miss Mary E. Trinkle, a native
of Covington, Ind., in 1864. In public mat-
ters, as in business affairs. Dr. Golden has
been animated by an energetic spirit of en-
terprise. Receiving an injury dm-ing his
army experience that has prevented active
professional practice of late years, he has
tm-ned his attention to business, and in each
case with marked success. Starting, practi-
cally, upon his own resources, he accumulated
a large estate in business and farm proper-
ty. He is a Republican in politics, and a
public-spirited citizen.
SAMUEL S. GREEN, farmer, P. O. Hut-
sonville, is a native of Crawford County, 111.,
born August 14, 1834. His father, Joseph
Green, was born in North Carolina, in 1802,
emigrated to Union County, 111., in 1822,
and a few years later to Crawford County,
where he remained actively engaged in farm-
ing to the time of his death, which occm-red
in 1855. He was a soldier in the Black
Hawk war. His wife, and mother of our sub-
ject, was Queen E. (Lindley) Green. She was
born in North Carolina in 1811, and died in
Crawford County in July, 1856. She was
the mother of twelve children, of whom Sam-
uel was the fourth child. He was raised on
a farm and educated from the common
schools; at twenty-one years of age, he left
his home and embarked on his career in life as
a farmer. His iii-st farm contained forty acres,
located near his present residence. After ten
years spent on this farm, he returned to the
old homestead farm, where he has since re-
mained. He is now the owner of 230 acres
of land. He married Miss Alice R. Boyd,
September 13, 1854. She is a native of
Crawford County. They have the following
children: Elzora E. (Morton) Gyer, Joseph
W., James, Henry E., Harry E., Charle,s O.,
Ulysses G., Anna L. and Thomas E. Mr.
and Mrs. Green are members of the Friends
Church. Politically, he is a firm Repub-
lican.
WOODFORD D. HAND, farmer, P. O.
Hutsonville, is the oldest in a family of three
children born to James F. and Nancy
(Draper) Hand. He was born in the same
house he is now occupying as a residence,
July 29, 1835. His father was a farmer,
born near Chillicothe, Ohio, May 20, 1805.
He was brought to Crawford County, III., by
his parents, who located on the same farm
where our subject resides. Their arrival was
dated April 21, 1821. He died October 9,
1876. He was elected Second Lieutenant of
the Sixteenth Regin:ent. Illinois Militia, in
1827, and was Justice of the Peace and As-
sociate Justice of Crawford County for many
years previoiis to his death. He was a mem-
ber of the Baptist Church. The mother of
our subject was born in North Carolina De-
cember 12, 1806. She was brought to Craw-
ford County by her parents in 1816. She
died August 23, 1860. Woodford D. Hand
was raised on the farm and educated from
the subscription schools. October 5, 1861,
he enlisted in the late rebellion, serving in
Company D, Thirtieth Illinois Infantry. He
entered as a private, and when mustered out
July 17, 1865, was Captain of his company.
He was with Sherman on his march tn the
sea, and took part in most of the engage-
ments of his regiment. After the war, he
retm-ned to the home farm, and began farm-
ing, at which he still continues. He is now
the owner of 100 acres of good land. He
was married, in Crawford County, October
21, 1855, to Miss Mary J. Cox, a daughter of
Needham Cox, a native of Wayne County, N.
376
BIOGRAPHICAL:
C. Mrs. Hand was born in Crawford County,
May 3, 1838. They have the following
children: Malinda E.. MaryB,, Daniel W.,
Augusta B. and William S. Mr. Hand is
now holding the offices of Justice of the
Peace and School Treasurer. He and wife
are members of the Baptist Church. Polit-
ically, he is a Republican.
JOHN C. H.4RNESS, miller and farmer,
P. O. Hutsouville, was born in Ross County,
Ohio, September 27, 1812, to Job and Rachel
(Liming) Harness. His father was born in
Old Virginia, on the South Branch of the
Potomac, February 11, 1748; here he was
raised and educated. In 1800, he was re-
moved by his parents to Hamilton County,
Ohio. He was married on the 17th of March,
1808, and immediately removed to Ross
County, in the same State. la 1 817. he re-
moved to Vincennes, Ind. , here his wife died,
a,nd in 1818, he removed to Lamotte Prairie,
in Crawford County, on a farm he had
bought and partially improved while in
Vincennes. After five years, he returned to
Ross County, and there remained until 1830,
when he returned to Crawford County, and
died November 28, 1834. He was a son of
Michael Harness, of German descent and a
native of Virginia. He served in the Revo-
lution and war of 1812. The mother of our
subject was born in New Jersey, August 12,
1786, and died August 7, 1817. She was
the mother of three children, John being the
youngest child. She was a daughter of
Isaac Liming, of French descent, a native of
New Jersey and a soldier of the Revolution-
ary war. John Harness spent his early life
in assisting his father in the flour mill in
Ohio, and in Crawford County to till the
farm. He was sent to a high school at
Cincinnati, Ohio, to receive a thorough edu-
cation, but at the end of two months his
father's property was destroyed by fire, and
he was obliged to return to his home and go
to work, and give up receiving an education.
At twenty-one years of age, he left his home
and embarked on his career in life, the first
fifteen years being divided between farming
and boating on the river. In ]849, he went
to California, and engaged in mining, con-
tinuinor the same until 1854, when he was
called home at the death of his brother Isaac.
He then engaged in farming in Crawford
County, and in 1855 came to Hutsouville and
engaged in the milling business, at which he
is now actively engaged. He is the owner of
sixty-two acres of land, which he superin-
tends in connection with his mill duties. In
Terre Haute, in 1855, he married Miss Pau-
lina C. Wood, a native of Ohio. They have
two children — Stacey E., a partner in the
mill, and Elenor P. He is an active mem-
ber of I. O. O. F. at Hutsouville. In poli-
tics, is a Democrat. He and wife are mem-
bers of Christian Chitrch. Mr. Harness has,
by his studied economy and business habits,
succeeded in gaining a good property, and a
name and reputation which is beyqnd re-
proach. He has served on the Town Board
of Hutsonville for five years.
DOCTOR HILL, farmer, P. O. Hutson-
ville, whose portrait appears in this work, is
one of the worthy pioneers of Crawford
County. He settled in what is now Hutson-
ville Township, with his family, in the year
1818, after having resided for a period of
nearly two years in what is now Sullivan
County, Ind. He was born June 28, 1796,
in Randolph County, N. C. , a son of John
and Rachel (Sargent) Hill. The father was
a farmer, bom and raised on the same place
our subject was, and died in 1849, aged
about eighty-two years. The mother was
also a native a North Carolina, and died in
this county, at the advanced age of ninety-
three years. The parents were blessed with
HUTSONVILLE TOWNSHIP.
277
nine children. The educational facilities of
our subject's younger days gi-anted him but
a meager education in the old subscription
schools. His early life was spent in farming
pursuits, and as necessity required he also
engaged at shoe-making and blacksmithing,
and at the advanced age of eighty-six years,
he made two plows, upon which implement
he claims to be the original inventor of many
substantial improvements. He was first mar-
ried in his native county, in 1815, to Nancy
Boyd, born March 9, 1797. in Guilford
County, N. C, a daughter of James Boyd.
She died in 1825. leaving a family of five
children — Sargent, Elizabeth, Kachel, Mary
and Nancy. The second marriage of our
subject occurred November 13. 1828, in this
county. He wedded Cynthia Smith, born
July 2, 1795, on the South Branch of the Po-
tomac, Virginia, a daughter of Jacob B. and
Hannah (Hand) Smith, he a native of Ger-
many, and she of Virginia. Mra Hill died
in January, 1872. When he first came to
this county, our subject purchased 160 acres
of land, of the Governmimt, but being unable
to pay for the same, retained only one -fourth
of it, an act of Congress compelling him to
relinquish the balance. His present farm
consists of about 402 acres, which is given to
general farming. Our subject has served
this county as a Commissioner, under the old
system of county organization. In politics
he adheres to the Democratic principles of
Thomas Jefferson, and he has distinct recol-
lections of the administration of that devoted
espouser of the cause of Colonial liberty.
HENKY HOLADAY. farmer, P. O.
West Y'ork, was born in the same house in
which he is now residing, December 4. 1827,
to Robert and Margaret (Willard) Holaday.
His father was born in North Carolina in
1779; emigrated to Orange County, Ind. , in
1816, and to Crawford County, 111., in 1818.
Here he remained engaged in farming until
he died in 1837. He was of Scotch descent.
His mother was born in South Carolina in
1775, and died in Crawford County 1843.
They were the parents of four children, of
whom Henry was the youngest child. He has
always made his present residence his home,
but has been to New Orleans several trips on
a flat-boat with grain, and in 1850 went to
California and followed mining for three
years and six months. He is now engaged
in tilling the soil of the home fai-m, and is
the owner of 197 acres of good land. In
1855, he man-ied Miss Abigail Prevo, who
died March 4, 1835, leaving five children as
the result of their union, of whom foxir are
now living, viz. : William, Elizabeth, Usher
and Abigail. In 1881, on the 13th June, he
married Miss Nancy Willett, a native of Ten-
nessee. Mrs. Holaday is a member of the
Baptist Church. Mr. Holaday is a man of
good principles and bears a name and reputa-
tion which is beyond reproach. He is a
Democrat.
ANDREW J. HOLMES, farmer, P. O.
Eaton, was born in Licking County, Ohio,
August 30, 1841, to Reuben A. and Lucy
(Fristo) Holmes. His father was born in
Virginia in 1798, where he was raised, edu-
cated and married. Soon after he married,
he removed to Ohio, and there remained until
1848, when he immigrated to Illinois, and
settled in Crawford County. Here he re-
mained engaged in farming until he died in
December, 1853. During his younger days,
he worked at the carpenter's trade. He
was Associate Judge of Crawford County,
a very prominent and enterjjrising citizen
and the owner of about two thousand acres
of land. His wife, and mother of our sub-
ject, was born in Shenandoah County, Va.,
July 11, 1812, and died in Crawford County,
111., in November, 1878. She was the mother
278
BIOGRAPHICAL:
of nine children, of whom seven are now liv-
ing, Andrew being the fourth child and
youngest son. He was brought to Crawford
County by his parents when he was seven
years of age. He received the benefit of
the common schools of the county, and ar-
riving at his majority embarked on his career
in life as a farmer upon the old homestead
farm, where he now owns 320 acres of land.
April 2, 1865, in Crawford County, he mar-
ried Miss Melissa, a daughter of Andrew
and Nancy (Hill) Newlin. Mr. and Mrs.
Holmes have four children — Orlin G.,
Evaline V., Augusta F. and an infant un-
named. He and wife are members of the
Christian Chm-ch. He is a member of the
Granger's Lodge, No. 825, of Eaton, and a
Democrat in politics.
A. W. HORNING, Principal of Schools,
Hutsonville, was born July 2, 1854, near
New Lebanon. Ohio. At the age of eleven
years, his father purchased a farm in Craw-
ford County, to which he moved in 1865.
Owing to a gi-eat amount of labor that was
to be performed on the farm, the great dis-
tance from the schoolhouse, and adverse cir-
cumstances, he was deprived of the educa-
tional advantages offered by the common
schools. On attaining his majority, he en-
tered the normal school at Valparaiso, which
he attended one year. On returning horn
he began teaching, which occupation he fol-
lowed during the fall and winter months, and
during the spring and summer months atr
tended school. On his retiu-n from school in
1880, was elected President of the Crawford
County Teachers' Association, which position
he held until 1882. Li the spring of 1882,
was appointed Principal of the Hutsonville
schools, which position he has since retained.
Politically, he is a Republican, a firm be-
liever in tbe principles of total abstinence
from all that intoxicates, and an earnest ad-
vocate of all that has a tendency to elevate
the morals of mankind.
JOHN R. HURST, retired merchant, Hut-
sonville, 111., whose portrait appears in this
work, was born in Wayne County, N. C,
August 7, 1811. When about twelve years
old, he accompanied his uncle, with whom he
was then living, from his home near Golds-
boro to Union County, 111., and three years
later to Crawford County in the same State.
After living here two years, anxious to try
the world on his own account, ho gladly ac-
cepted his uncle's permission and aid to re-
turn to Union County to engage for himself.
He remained only about six months, when
he returned to Crawford County and engaged
with William Cox as a farm hand at the rate
of $40 per year. He served at this work
some ten months, when he went to Prairie-
ton, Ind. Here he made a conditional con-
tract with a carpenter to learn the trade, but
after four weeks' trial concluded to resume
his early occupation and work at farm labor.
In the meantime, he arranged to attend school
a part of the time until October 28, 1830,
when he returned to Crawford County, 111.
On his return, he made his home with his
uncle, and, in the meantime, taking a boat-
load of pork to New Orleans for him. He
returned from this trip, and on Christmas
Day_^left his uncle for Union County, where
he received the benefit of the subscrijstion
schools for some nine months. In the early
winter or late fall of 1833, Mr. Hurst set out
for Hutsonville, making the journey on horse
back without incident It may be noted that
the famous meteoric shower of this \'ear over-
took him on his way, and while it created
considerable alarm to many, he did not hesi-
tate to pursue his journey, and with no more
serious result than the close fall of meteoric
stone. At Hutsonville, Mr. Hurst found work
at various occupations until the spring of
HUTSONVILLE TOWNSHIP.
27!>
1835, when he got' together a team of three
yoke of oxen and a mammoth wagon to go on
the National road ; other plans intervened,
however, and he engaged in hauling goods,
varying this business with " breaking prai-
rie." A serious attack of illness in the fall
pat a stop to this heavy work, and, being
elected Constable in August, 1835, he gave
his attention entirely to his ofBcial duties,
until the following March. Marrying at this
time, he remained with his wife's parents
until the fall of 1836, when he bought a lit-
tle farm of 75^ acres of land, erected a log
cabin, and prepared to h ew out a farm. Mr.
Hurst stayed here only about a year, then
farmed his father-in-law's property for about
the same lenrrth of time, and then went to
Hutsonville. Here the next ten years were
passed in farming with varied success. The
last two years, owing to sickness and the par-
tial loss of crops, proved somewhat discour-
aging, and in 1850 he engaged in the grocery
business. This involved the sale of whisky
to a considerable extent, and after four years
of experience, he sold out in disgust. Mr.
Hurst then bought the mail and stage line
from Vincennes to Danville. This business
taxed his energy and endurance to the utmost,
and, while it proved fairly remunerative, was
glad to relinquish the business in 1858 and
return to his farming. In 1862, he began
dealing in cattle exclusively, driving them to
Terre Haute ; but in the following year he
divided his attention between his fai-m and
cattle business. In 1864, he began the mer-
cantile business in a small way, and continued
it with success until he retired in 1876, leaving
the lousiness in the hands of his sons and sons-
in law. Mr. Hurst was married March 10,
1836, to Miss Nancy Owen Barlow, a native of
Crawford County, where she was born May 5,
1818. Thirteen children have been born to
them, four of whom only are living — Sarah
E.,wife of John McNutt ; Rebecca, wife of
John Olwin ; William B. and Lucius C.
Mrs. Hurst is a daughter of John and Eliza-
beth (Gordon) Barlow, who were natives of
Kentucky, and came to Crawford County in
1816. They took up their residence in the
yard made memorable by the massacre of the
Hutson family by the Indians. Mr. Hvu"st is a
member of the Universalist Church, a Demo-
crat in politics, and a self-made man in busi-
ness experiences. He started into the world
for himself with $1.25 in money, and, with-
out special advantages,has accumulated a com-
petency, and earned an old age of ease and
influence. His career has been one of activi-
ty ; he is one of the founders of the Univer-
salist Church of Hutsonville ; the eighth
member in Hutsonville Lodge of Masons, No.
1 36, and a prominent worker in the order, and
was Deputy Sheriff from 1839 to 1844.
W. B. HURST, merchant, Hutsonville.
Prominently identified among the leading,
energetic business men of this county, is the
gentleman whose name heads these notes.
He was born April 3, 1850, in Crawford
County, 111. , and is the son of John R. Hui-st,
who is elaborately mentioned elsewhere. He
experienced the scenes of the farmer boy and
attended the country schools, also at AVest-
field, Clark County, and Terre Haute, Ind.
He was man-ied in April 11, 1875, to Clara
E. Holderman, born October 16, 1852, in
Montgomery County, Ohio. She is a daugh-
ter of Jacob and Lydia (Repp) Holderman,
who reside in Hutsonville. This union has
resulted in one child — Lois B. born March
16, 1876. Mrs. Hui-st's parents came to this
county in 1864 or 1865; they were blessed
with eight children, viz. : Lizzie, lola, Clara
E., Laura, David, Hamilton, Minnie and
Chauncey; the father holds to the United
Brethren faith, while the mother is a Meth-
odist. In 1868, Mr. Hurst was employed as a
280
BIOGRAPHICAL:
clerk by Hurst & Olwin, which position he
held until 1871, when he was given an in-
terest in the same, receiving one-third of the
profits of the firm as a comi^ensation for his
labors. He now possesses one- fourth interest
in the firm of Hurst & Olwin, to which he
gives his entire attention.
L. C. HUKST, merchant, Hutsonville.
This enterprising young business man is the
son of John R. Hurst, whose portrait appears
in this work, and was born March 16, 1854,
in Hutsonville, 111. His early days were
spent on the farm and in the country school
ruoni. He had the advantage of one term at
Earlham College, Richmond, Ind. Novem-
ber 11, 1880, in Clark County, this State,
he was married to Minnie E. Patterson, born
in Kentucky September 19, 1860. She is
a daughter of John and Susan (Gibbs) Pat-
terson, natives of Maine and the parents of
seven children, four of whom survive, viz. :
George, Angle, Adelia and Minnie E. Her
parents are residents of Terre Haute, where
the father is engaged as a sub-railroad con-
tractor. The mother is an energetic Method-
ist. Mr. Hurst was employed as a clerk for
a while and in January 1, 1881, he took an
interest in the fii-m of Hm-st & Olwin,
general merchants at Hutsonville, and is giv-
ing his entire attention to the same. He is
pleasant and sociable with his customers,
which treatment only binds his friends more
closely to him. His union has resulted in
one child,Roscoe P., born September 18, 1883.
!Mr. H. is a stanch Democrat. He is a member
of Osmer Lodge, K. of H., of Hutsonville.
C. W. KEYS, physician, Hutsonville, 111.
Among the large list of physicians of Craw-
ford County, none are more worthy of a sketch
in this work than Dr. Keys. He was born in
Knox County, Ohio, December 13, 1844, to
John and Elenor (Gappen) Keys. His father
was a native of Pennsylvania, where he was
raised and married. In 1824 emigrated to
Knox County, Ohio, and in 1865 to Greene
County, Ind., where he died in 1877, aged
about sixty-nine. His occupation was that of
a farmer. He was of German descent. The
Doctor's mother was of English descent, born
in Pennsylvania in 1810, and is now living
with her children in Greene County, Ind.
She is the mother of eight children; of the
six now living the Doctor is the third child.
His early life was spent at home assisting to
till the soil of his father's farm. He was
educated from the common schools and the
Bloomington University. In 1867, he began
the study of medicine with Dr. A. J. Axtell,
of Bloomington. and in 1870 entered upon
the practice of his profession at Salisbury,
Ind. In 1872, he removed to Cincinnati,
Ind., and in August, 1873, came to Hutson-
ville, where he has since resided, engaged in
practicing medicine, and has built up a good
practice and is considered one of the best
physicians of the town. He is a graduate
from the Keokuk Medical College, at Keokuk,
Iowa. In 1871, he married Emma M. Cook,
a native of Ohio, and a dau£;hter of T. R.
and Harriet (Gibbins) Cook, natives of Ohio,
who are now residing at Salisbury, Ind. The
Doctor has been blessed with three children,
of whom two are now living, viz.. Pearl and
Henry. He has been a member of the Town
Board for several years. Is an active mem-
ber of the K. of H, Osmer Lodge, No. 2330,
and the State Medical Association, the
Wabash Valley Association and the Crawford
County Association. In polities, is united
with the Republican party.
- SAMUEL LINDLEY, farmer, P. O. Hut-
sonville, was born in Crawford County, 111.,
May 28, 1832, to William and Mary (Prevo)
Lindley. His father was a farmer, born in
North Carolina, July 16, 1795, and removed to
Peoria, Ind., with his parents, when sixteen
HUTSONA'ILLE TOWNSHIP.
281
years of age. In 1827, he removed to Craw-
ford County, 111. . and there remained to the
time of his death, which occurred March 20,
1853. He was a member of the Quaker
Church. His mother was born in North Car-
olina July 4, 1799, and is now living. She
was brought to Clark County, 111., by her
parents, in the year 1817. She was married
February 20, 1828, and is the mother of sev-
en children, of whom Samuel was the third
child born. He was raised on a farm and ed-
UL-ated in the common schools. After the
death of his father, he, with his brother
Thomas, managed the home farm. At thirty
years of age he married, and began farming
on his own account upon a farm of 160 acres
left him by his father. In March, 1865, he
exchanged his farm for one containing 140
acres, where he is now residing. He is now
the owner of 285 acres of good land. In
Eobinson, October 2, 1861, he married Miss
Harriet Hollenbeck, a native of Clark Coun-
ty, 111., and a daughter of John and Isabelle
(Houts) Holenbeck, Mr. and Mrs. Lindley
have six children, viz,: Emma, Charles E.,
(Ollie and John AA'„ twins), Viola and Sam-
uel E. Mr. Lindley and wife are members
of the Baptist Chvu-ch. He is an active mem-
ber of the order of Knights of Honor; is a
Democrat in politics, and served the county
as Supervisor for two terms,
, CYRUS A. LINDLEY, farmer. P. O. Hut-
sonville, is a native of Crawford County, 111.,
where he was born December 8, 1847. His
father, John H. Lindley, was born February
11, 1816. in Orange County, Ind., from
whence ho came when quite young, with his
father, to Crawford County. Here he passed
his youth, assisting in the work of a farm in
a new country, picking up such education as
the country schools afforded, and the work of
the farm allowed. In 1840, he commenced
life on his own account, marrying, and going
on to a farm of his own. He followed farm-
ing to the day of his death, November 19,
1878, and with such success as to die pos-
sessed of 360 acres of land. Mr. Lindley
was a public-spirited man, a liberal contrib
utor to the support of churches, schools, and
for charitable objects. He was also an active
member of the Universalist Church, and a
charter member of the Masonic Lodge. Mary
Jane (Lacy) Lindley, wife ot the above and
mother of the subject of this sketch, was born
in Clark County, 111., August 6, 1832. She is
now residing on the homestead. Her parents,
Eben and Abigail (Prevo) Lacy, were natives
of North Carolina, and emigrated to Clark
County about 1822. Her father died about
1829, but her mother, born October 4, 1800,
is still living in Clark County, Mrs, Lind-
ley was the oldest of four children bom to
her parents, Cyrus Lindley was the third in
a family of thirteen children, nine of whom
are still living. His youth was spent upon
the farm, gaining the rudiments of an educa-
tion at the common schools during the less
busy seasons. In his twenty-eighth year, he
left home and engaged in farming on his own
account, locating two miles north of his pres-
ent residence. In 1877, he removed to his pres-
ent fai-m containing 100 acres. March 30, 1875,
he married Miss Amanda Bishop, a native of
Crawford County. She is a daughter of
Ezekiel and Rebecca (Musgrave) Bishop, both
natives of North Caroliua. Her father was
born in 1816, came to Crawford County about
1833, and is now residing in Robinson. Her
mother was born in 1815, and died in Janu-
ary, 1880. To Cyrus and Amanda (Bishop)
Lindley have been born three children — Les-
lie,^Irma and 011a. Mrs. Lindley is a mem-
ber of the Universalist Church. Mr. Lind-
ley is an active member of the Masonic Lodge,
No. 313, located at York, and a prominent
Republican in politics.
283
BIOGRAPEIICAL,:
J. M. McNTTT, lumber dealer, Hutson-
vilie, III., is a native of Harrison County,
Ohio, and a son of Joseph and Nancy (Yates)
McNutt. Joseph McNutt was born in York
County, Penn. , July 13, 1798. He was brought
to Harrison County, Ohio, in 1808, where he
remained until 1846, when he removed to
Guernsey County, Ohio, and there died July
21, 1870. He was a farmer. His father
and grandfather of our subject was James
McNutt, a native of Ireland, who emigrated
to America just after the close of the Revolu-
tionary war. The mother of our subject
was born in Berkeley County, Va., December
4, 1808, and died in Guernsey County,
Ohio, November 24, 1851. She was the mother
of eight children, of whom our subject was the
fifth child. Hewasborn January 18, 1844. At
two years of age, he was removed to Guernsey
County, Ohio, and there spent his early life
assisting in tilling the soil of his father's
farm and receiving such an education as the
conunon^ schools afforded. In 1862, he en-
tered the last rebellion, serving in Company A,
of the Seventy-eighth, Ohio Volunteers. He
served three years, was mustered out in June,
1865. From Stephenson's History we take the
following: " The men of Company A, never
came out second best in anj'thing — in cool
ness, courage, discipline, facility and rapidity
of military movements and combinations, and
eveiy attainment, had few requests to make,
no faults to find; as good soldiers they could
not be excelled. For reliability, faithful-
ness in every duty, quiet submission to all
orders,integrity,and consistent Christian char-
acter, the company could not be surpassed. "
After the war, Mr. McNutt engaged in raising
sheep for two years. In the fall of 1866,
bought an interest in a saw mill, and in the
spring of 1867 removed it to Lawrence
County, Ind. , and subsequently to Owen
County, Ind., in the fall of the same year.
where he engaged in the mill business until
September, 1871, when he entered the employ
of Samuel McKeen. at Terre Haute, acting as
yard man in the lumber yard, and in 1875
his employer gave him exclusive control of a
yard at Hutsonville. In 1880, he bought out
the interest of AIcKeen and is now rmming a
large and lucrative business under the firm
name of J. M. McNutt & Co. In Owen
County, Ind., in 1873 he married Miss Lucy
A. Agee, who died February 24, 1877, leav-
ing one child as the result of their union,
viz., Willie T. In Hutsonville, March 21,
1878, he married a second time Miss Sarah
Hurst, who has borne him one child, viz. ,
Bruce O. Mr. McNutt is Junior Warden of
the Masonic lodge of which he is a member.
Politically, is a Republican.
H. MEGEATH, M. D., Postmaster of West
York, is descended from a family of Scotch-
Irish origin. His father, James Megeath, was
born in Loudovm County, Va., November
14, 1809, and came to Clark County, 111.,
with his parents when a lad. After serving
his minority upon the farm and getting in
the meanwhile such education as the schools
of the period afforded, he engaged with his
brother, John, in the mixed business of
farming, flat-boating and merchandising.
In 1854, he removed to Charleston, in this
State, where he engaged in mercantile per-
suits exclusively, continuing the business
until his death on July 31, 1871. He was
married November 1, 1836, in Coles County,
111., to Cynthia Craig, who was born April
30, 1813, in Bracken County, Ky. She died
March 30, 1875. Dr. Megeath is the young-
est of three children born to his parents. He
is a native of Clark County, where he was
born January 1, 1845. He was little more
than nine years old when the family moved
to Charleston, and very soon began attending
the academy at that town; at the age of six-
HUTSONVILLE TOWNSHIP.
283
teen, he began the study of medicine with
Drs. Allen and Van Meter, of Charleston.
After studying with them for some five years,
he entered, in 1865, the Eush Medical Col-
lege in Chicago, entering upon the practice
of his profession a year later at Olney, 111.
Here he formed a partnership with Dr. Center,
now a professor of the Evansville Medical
College, until 1868, when he removed to St.
Marie, Jasper County, 111. From thence he
went to Dundas, and later to Hardinsville,
in Crawford County, 111. At the latter place,
he entered into partnership with F. K. Wal-
ler, but in 1877 he again removed to his
present location at West York. At this
place Dr. Megeath took an active part in the
general business of the place, erecting several
houses and subsequently disposing of them.
In December, 1881. he erected a large two-
story building, designed for a residence in
the upper story, and a store room and ofiice
below. In the following spring he entered
the mercantile business, at the same time
receiving the appointment as Postmaster and
Notary Public. Since then the business has
rapidly increased, and he is now fitting up
facilities for a large stock of goods, and con-
siderable extension of his trade. Mr. Me-
geath is a member of the Star Lodge, No. 419,
of Independent Order of Odd Fellows, at
York.
JOHN L. MOUNT, farmer, P. O. West
York, is a native of Clark County, 111., born
February 26, 1838, to John L. andTamar
(Megeath) Mount. His father was a farmer,
born in Jefferson County. Ind., in 1807, and
died in his native county in October, 1837.
His mother was born in Loudoun County,
Va., in September, 1812. She was brought
to Clark County by her parents, in 1818, and
is now residing in Marshall, 111. Of the
three children bom to them John L. Mount
was the youngest child. His early life was
spent at home, assisting in tilling the soil of
the home farm, and receiving such an educa-
tion as could be obtained from the common
schools. AiTiving at his majority he began
farming for himself. In 1862, he bought
his first land, a farm of 160 acres, located in
York Township, Clark County. He remained
on this farm for five years, and in 18(37 mar-
ried, and removed to Hutsonville Township,
Crawford County, on a farm he had bought
of his father-in-law In 1872, he sold this
farm and bought the farm now owned by
R. W. Kennedy, three miles northwest of
Hutsonville. In November, 1881, he sold his
farm, and removed to West York, where he
has since been engaged in managing and im-
proving a 500-acre farm for his nephew, John
R. Fitch. Mr. Mount being his guardian. In
Crawford County, July 16, 1867, Mr. Mount
married Mi.ss Percilla Bishop, a native of
the same county. She is a daughter of
Ezekiel and Rebecca (Musgrave) Bishop. Mr.
and Mrs. Mount have the following ehildi-en:
Edward, Jonathan, Tamar and Martha. Mr.
Mount is a practical farmer, and well worthy
of the high esteem of the community in
which he lives. Politically, he is a Repub-
can, and cast his first vote for Abraham Lin-
coln.
WILLIAM MUSGRAVE, farmer, P. O.
Hutsonville Among the old settlers of Craw-
ford County, none are more worthy of men-
tion in this histoiy than William Musgrave,
the subject of this sketch. He is a native of
Wayne County, N. C, born February 8, 1816.
His father, John Musgrave, was a native of
North Carolina, born in 1758, and died in
April, 1824. His mother. Charity Cox, was
also a native of North Carolina, born in 1774,
and died in June, 1824. Of the seven chil-
I drenborn to them, William was the youngest
I son and sixth child. He was left an orphan
at eight years of age; was brought to Illinois
284
BIOGRAPHICAL:
by his brothers Josiah and John, who located
in Union County. William made his home
in Union County with his brother Caleb,
who had come to the county about four years
previous to his brothers. In 1833. William
accompanied his brother John to Crawford
County, and worked one year with him at
carpentering. In 1834, he married, and com-
menced farming on his present farm, which
had been improved by John Snipes. Here
he has since remained and succeeded in gain-
ing a good property; and at one time owned
about 500 acres of land, which he divided
among his children, only reserving the old
homestead and about fifty acres. In June,
1881, Mr. Musgi-ave met with a serious acci-
dent, while reaping, which caused him to
lose the use of one arm by having his elbow
cut, by being thrown in contact with the
knives of the machine. Mi-. Musgrave was
married, in 183-1, to Miss Eliza Ann Cox, a
native of Greene County, N. C, born January
17, 1816. She has borne him nine children,
of wliom five are now living, viz. : Sally
Ann, Anna M. , Jonathan K. , George A. and
Harriet. He and wife are members of the
Universalist Church. In politics, he is a
Republican.
SARGENT NEWLIN, farmer, P. O. Hut-
sonville, was born in Crawford County, 111.,
February 5, 1823. His father, John New-
lin, was born in North Carolina, where he
was raised on a farm, educated, and married.
In 1815, he, with his family and the Hill
family, emigrated to Indiana and settled in
Sullivan County, and in 1818 came to Craw-
ford County. He entered 200 acres of land
in Section 28, of Hutsonville Township, and
afterward bought 120 acres. He was among
the first settlers of Crawford County. He
died. His wife, and the mother of our sub-
ject, was Jane (Hill) Nevs-lin, born in North
Carolina, and died in Crawford County. She
was the mother of eight childi-en, of whom
the following are now living: Malinda, Will-
iam H., Dinah, Sargent, Eachael and Charles.
Sargent Newlin was raised on a farm and ed-
ucated from the subscription schools. At
twenty-one years of age, he married, and em-
barked on his career in life as a farmer. He
was given eighty acres of unimproved land
by his father, and has since added to it until
now his farm contains 317 acres. December
22, 1842, he married Miss Jane Lackey, a
native of Bourbon County, Ky. , born in
1826. She has borne him the following
children: Anna M., John T. and Rose E.
Politically, Mr. Newlin is a Democrat, and has
served the township as Supervisor.
CYRUS NEWLIN, farmer, P. O. Hut.son-
ville. was born one half mile from his pres-
ent residence, in Crawford County, 111. , June
3, 1825, to James and Elizabeth (Simons)
Newlin. His father was born in Orange
County, N. C, December 4, 1781, where he
was raised, educated and married. In 1818,
he emigrated to Crawford County, 111., en-
tered 480 acres of land, where Cyrus now re-
sides. His occupation was that of a farmer,
and he continued the same until he died in
1852. He was a son of John Newlin. a na-
tive of North Carolina. The mother of our
subject was born in Orange County, N. C,
and died in Crawford Couuty, 111., in 1850.
They were the parents of ten children, of
whom eight lived to be grown — all boys,
Cyrus being the youngest. He was raised on
the farm, and educated from the subscri) tion
schools of his native county. At twenty -one
years of age he married, and remained with
his parents until foiu' years later, in 1850,
when he went to California and engaged in
mining and merchandising for one year. In
1851, he retm-ned to Crawford County,
bought IfiO acres of land, and began farming
where he now resides. In 1 862, he went to .
HUTSONVILLE TOWNSHIP.
285
Chicago, and visited the Northern part of Ill-
inois. In 1872, he went to Colorado, where
he remained about two months, visiting Den-
ver City, Central City, in the mountains,
Colorado Springs and Pueblo. Mr. Newlin
has made this trip and many others for the
improvement of his health. Since 1850,
Mr. Newlin has been extensively engaged in
raising and trading in stock, finding market
for the same at home. In his farming and
business transactions, he has met with success,
and is now the owner of 400 acres of land.
In March, 1846, he married Miss Eliza Ann
Hill, a native of Crawford County, born Sep-
tember 12, 1825. She is a daughter of John
A. and Sarah (Barbee) Hill. He was a na-
tive of Orange County, N. C, born in 1801,
emigrated to Crawford County in 1818, and
engaged in farming to the time of his death
which occm-red in 1834. She was born in
Shelby County, Ky., in 1801, and died at
Palestine, in Crawford County, in 1855. She
was brought to the county by her parents in
1819, who settled near Palestine. Mr. and
Mrs. Newlin have been blessed with three
childi'en, of whom two are now living: Olive,
wife of Simpson Cox, and Lucetta, wife of
Leroy Chambers.
ANDREW NEWLIN, farmer and stock-
dealer, P. O. Hutsonville, was bom in Craw-
ford County, 111., Jiuie 25, 1829, the young-
est sou of William and Kaehel (Hill) New-
lin. The father was a native of North Car-
olina, and was a son of Tliom; a Newlin, of
Irish descent. The mother of our subject
was also a native of North Carolina, and
died in August, 1833, her husband following
her about five years later. The parents were
blessed with six children — four sons and two
daughters. The advantages of a good edu-
cation were not accorded our subject, a lim-
ited attendance in the old subscription
schools of the county having to sufiiee in
this direction. His early life was given to
farming pursuits, and he has since turned
his attention to no other business. He was
married, April 8, 1852. in this county, to
Mary Holmes, born August 23, 1830, in Lick-
ing County, Ohio, a daughter of Reuben A.
and Barbara (Hockman) Holmes, natives of
Shenandoah County, Va. The father died
in this coixnty in December, 1853, aged fifty-
six years in the previous August. The moth-
er died in Ohio, in April, 1832. They were
the parents of six children. The father was
man'ied a secoad time, the union being
blessed with nine childi'en. Mr. and Mrs.
Newlin are the parents of ten children —
Albert, born Februaiy 14, 1853; Amanda.
May 22, 1855; Laura, February 7, 1857;
Allen, October 31, 1858; Adaline, April 9,
1860; Stephen D., May 4. 1862; Lawrence,
June 28, 1864; Ira, June 29, 1868; an infant,
died March 20, 1871, and Clinton, born
September 27, 1872 Our subject's present
farm property consists of 2.396 acres of land,
all of which lies in Hutsonville Township,
with the exception of sixty acres, which is in
Clark County. He started in life with but
$150, which his father left him, and the
manner whereby was gained the vast differ-
ence between these figui-es and the ones
which represent his present fortune, is worthy
of the studious emulation of all. The affairs
of his place have been conducted under the
immediate supervision of a master mind, and
his present ownings are the direct result of
his own tact, industry and perseverance. He
has served his township as Supervisor for a
period of three years, and has also filled
many other minor ofiices. In politics, he ad-
heres to the principles of Democracy.
C. V. NEWTON, merchant, Hutsonville,
was born April 20, 1851, in Trumbull Coun-
ty, Ohio. His father, Lemuel Newton, was
a native of the same county, where he spent
286
BIOGRAPHICAL:
his boyhood at the common schools and upon
the farm. Arrived at his majority, he en-
gaged in dairying and farming on his own
account, until the close of the war. In 1865)
he removed to Oberlin, Ohio, for the purpose
of educating his children, where he died after
a residence of three or four months. His
wife, Josephine A. (Gager )Newton, and three
children survived him. Mrs. Newton was
born in 1830, at Norwich, Conn., of a family
prominently identified with the eai-ly history
of that State. On the death of her husband,
she still remained at Oberlin to continue the
plan of educating their three children — all
sons. Thomas, the oldest, entered college
and graduated with the class of 1871, subse-
quently engaging in the sewing-machine bus-
iness, in Cleveland, Ohio. Warren, the
second son, is dead. Charles V., the young-
est of the family, was fifteen years of age
when he came to Oberlin with his parents.
After studying two years, he engaged in
teaching two terms, and in the following year
entered the telegraph school at Oberlin.
Completing his course some eight months
later, he followed the business of telegraph-
ing in the service of the Western Union and
railroad companies, and in 1872 came to
Danville, 111., continuing in this business
until 1875, when he came to Hutsonville and
engaged with the Wabash Railroad and the
Adams and Pacific Express Companies as
agent, a jiosition he still holds. In 1879, in
company with Mr. Rackerby, he bought out
the drug business of Dr. Golden, where he is
now doing a large and increasing business.
In 1873, Mr. Newton married Miss Irene How-
ell, a resident of Danville, but a native of
New Jersey. They have two children, Ber-
nard and Josephine. Mr. Newton is an active
member of the Masonic fraternity and of the
Knights of Honor. He has served the village
as Town Clerk, and is now President of the
Town Board.
JOHN OLWIN, merchant, Hutsonville, is
a native of Montgomery County, Ohio, born
December 5, 1838, to David and Nancy
(Grabill) Olwin. His father was born in
Pennsylvania about 1812, but was raised and
educated in Montgomery County, Ohio, after
he arrived at his majority, he taught school
for sixteen years, and afterward engaged in
agricultural pursuits until he died in 1875.
He was of German descent and a son of
Anthony Olwin, a native of Pennsylvania, a
soldier of the Revolutionary war. The
mother of our subject was born in Virginia,
and died in 1851, aged thirty-five years. Her
ancestry was also of German descent. She
was the mother of nine children, of whom
John Olwin was the third child born. He
was principally raised in Darke County, Ohio,
and had but a limited common school educa-
tion. At twenty-one years of age, he left his
home and embarked on the rugged pathway
of life as a farm hand, working for small
wages. At twenty-three he enlisted in the
Fourty-fourth Ohio Infantry, under com-
mand of Col. Gilbert, and was in about
twenty battles, among the largest was the
charge of Greenville, Tenn. He was
taken prisoner at the Cumberland Mount-
ains, Tenn., while on a retreat, and con-
fined in the Libby Prison for about a
month, when he was exchanged. He entered
the war April 23, 1802, and was mustered
out Jime 4, 1865. After the war, he returned
to his home, made his parents a short visit,
and then located in Hutsonville and engaged
in the furniture business in company with
Fred Earnest. After six months, he sold out
the business to J. A. Parker, and entered his
employ as clerk for one year. The follow-
ing year, he joined the partnership of J. R.
Hurst & Co. He has been connected with
this firm for fifteen years, and at the present
time is at the head of the firm, and takes
HUTSONVILLE TOWNSHIP.
289
upon himself the general management of the
difterent stores and grain business. He was
married October 6, 1866, to Miss Eebecca F.
Hurst who has borne him the following chil-
dren, viz.: Charley H., Lola M., Georgia
E., Oceola, Fredie B. and Birdie Garfield,
llr. Hurst has removed his family to Paris,
Ills., where his children can receive the
benefit of its superior schools. Mr. Olwin is
an active worker in the orders A., F. & A.
M. and K. of H. ; he is Senior Warden of the
former and Treasurer of the latter. He has
served the town as School Director, Trustee of
the town for five years, and Township Treas-
urer for seven years. Politically, is a Repub-
lican, aijd he and wife are members of the
Christian Church. Mr. Olwin is a member
of the community whose loss would be deep-
ly felt, and is now enjoying the fruits of a
well-established business, which is wholly the
results of his own energy, industry and good
financiering.
L. B. PEAKCE, retired farmer, Hutson-
ville, was born September 18, 1810, in
Champaign County, Ohio; is the son of John
and Elizabeth (Stewart) Pearce, natives, the
former of the State of New York and the
latter of Maryland, and the parents of eight
children, four of whom are living, Joseph,
L. B., Lewis and John. The parent are de-
ceased, the fathei^was in the war of 1812; he
and consort were members of the Methodist
Church. L. B. experienced the scenes that
made up the life of the early country school
boy, in the time of log cabins, slab seats,
puncheon floors, greased paper for window
lights. His father's avocation being that of
a farmer, he of com'se was employed the
greater portion of the time in rural ptu-suits.
Before entering farm life for himself, he en-
gaged in the construction of some saw and
grist mills, at the present site of the city of
Logansport, Ind. These mills were erect-
ed for the Pottawatomie Indians, under
the supervision of Gen. Tipton. Our
subject began farming for his own benefit on
the Shawnee plains. Fountain County, Ind..
and two years later he bought land in War-
ren County, the same State. Three years
were spent here, after which he moved to the
Kankakee " marshes," near Lake Michigan,
in Indiana, where he remained but one year
and retm-ned to Warren County. He soon
after sold out and bought, herded and sold
cattle in Benton County, Ind., at which he
was successful. He entered the dry goods
business at Independence, the same State, for
awhile, and then, in 1851, settled on the La-
Motte Prairie, Crawford Coimty, 111., and
subsequently engaged in the mercantile busi-
ness at Hutsonville, under the firm name of
Pearce & Neely. In three years, the fu-m
sold to John Merrick, and Mr. Pearce again
entered farm life for a few years and then
traded his farm to John Merrick and re-
sumed the dry goods business for awhile at
Hutsonville. In 1861, he sold his business
and engaged in carrying soldiers to and from
Sumner, a. point on the O. & M. Railroad.
At the close of the war, he bought a farm
and owns the same yet. He settled in Hut-
sonville in 1863. Was married, 1830, to
Anna Hurley, a daughter of Zadock and
Lillus (Campbell) Hurley, natives, the father
of Maryland and the mother of South Car-
olina. Her parents died in Warren County,
Ind., and were blessed with eleven children,
two of whom survive, Anna and Elizabeth.
Her father was in the war of 1812. Her
parents were Methodists. Mr. P. was blessed
with eight children as the result of his .
union; two of whom are living, Zadock and
John. His wife is a Methodist, while he be-
longs to the Universalist Church. He has
served in some small offices. Has been a
stanch Republican since the l)red Scott De-
Q
290
BIOGRAPHICAL:
cision; has always been a temperance man.
His son John was born January 13. 1835, in
Fountain County, Ind. He was educated
in the country schools. He was with his
parents until reaching his majority. He en
gaged for awhile with his father in the
mercantile business at Hutsonville. He was
in the employ of Parker in the furniture
factory some time. On June 14, 1863, he
married Mary J. Willard, a native of Craw-
ford County, being born here February 9,
1843; is a daughter of Charles and Lucy M.
(Fulton) Willard, natives of this borough.
He began farming soon after marriage, and
in 1869 he settled on bis present farm of 220
acres, in which he makes a specialty of grain.
He and wife are members of the La Motte
Union Association. He is a Eeijublican.
His union resulted in several children, six of
whom survive, viz.: Claudia, Mattie, Fred
W., Edward, Charley, Lucy Ann and John
B. Mr. P. has always contributed liberally
to benevolent institutions.
WILLIAM PREVO, farmer and grain
dealer. West York. This gentleman is a
native of Clark County, 111., born February
25, 1839, to William and Setha (Bell) Prevo.
His father was a farmer, born in North Cai-
olina, in the year ISOO, and brought to Clark
County, 111., by his parents in 1814. Here
he was principally raised and educated. He
died in Januaiy, 1867. His mother was born
in Clark County, 111., and died in the same
county in 1867, aged forty-seven years.
They were the parents of seven children.
William was the second child born to them.
His early life was spent at home assisting in
tilling the soil of his father's farm and re-
ceiving such an education as the common
schools afforded. When he was twenty-five
years of age, he left his home and began
farming for himself in his native county, and
continued the same until 1866, when he
moved to Hutsonville, and engaged in a mill
for about two years. In 1868, he returned to
his native county, and again engaged in
farming, and in 1877 he removed to his
present residence at West York, and has
since been engaged in buying and shipping
grain in connection with the duties of his
farm. Mr. Prevo was married September 24,
1862, to Miss Penina Willard, a native of
Clark County, 111. , born October 4, 1835, to
Exum and Lucinda (Claypool) Willard.
Mr. Willard was born in North Carolina Oc-
tober 4, 1808; came to Clark County, 111.,
in 1814 and engaged in farming until he
died in 1867. Mrs. Willard was born in
Muskingum County, Ohio, Fpbruai-y9, 1812,
and is now residing with oiu- subject. She
came to Clark County in 1828. Mr. and Mrs.
Prevo have two children — Katie and Anna
L. Politically, Mi-. Prevo is Democratic.
M. P. RACKERBY, Postmaster and di'ug-
gist, Hutsonville. This gentleman is a
native of Princeton, Caldwell County, Ky,,
born December 30, 1846. He was educated
from the High Schools of Dubuque, Iowa,
where he took a complete English course ; at
twenty-one years of age, he left his home and
embarked on his life's career, engaging in
the drug business at Hutsonville, 111. ; in
1873, he sold his stock of goods and went to
Lincoln County. Kan. , where he engaged in
a general merchandising business ; in 1875,
he returned to Hutsonville and again en-
gaged in the drug business ; in 1877. he re-
moved to Ellsworth County, Kan., and en-
gaged in agricultural piu'suits; in 1879, he
again returned to Hutsonville, where he has
since remained engaged in the di-ug business
with Mr. C. V. Newton ; they are also inter-
ested in the "Hutson Mill." Mr. Kacker-
by was appointed Postmaster in 1878, which
office he is now tilling. He was married
October 17, 1873, to Miss Anna L. Mc-
HUTSONVILLE TOWNSHIP.
201
Cutcheon, a native of Indiana, and a daugh-
ter of Samuel and Pine McCutcheon. Mr.
and Mrs. R. have one child — Louisa Maud,
who is attending school at Hutsonville. Mr.
llackerby enjoys the highest esteem of the
community in which he lives ; is a member
of the orders A., F. & A. M. and K. of H., and
an active worker of the order. In politics, is
a Republican. John H. Rackerby, the father
of our subject, was born in Virginia Febru-
ary 28, 1799, was brought to Kentucky by
his mother and brother; here he married, and
in 1856 removed to Gi*ant County, Wis.; in
1859, to Dubuque, Iowa ; in 1872, to Pearce
City, Mo., where he is now living a retired
life, enjoying the fi-uits of his past labors.
The mother of our subject was Georgiana
Dudley, born near Bowling Green, Ky., in
1812; she is now living. They have ten
children living, live boys and five girls.
John H. Rackerby was a very prominent
man of Kentucky, and in his younger days
held many I'esponsible positions and many of
the county offices.
' SIMPSON RMNS, farmer, P. O. Hutson-
ville, born in Crawford County, 111., Septem-
ber 6, 1829. His father, Ambrose B. Rains,
was born, raised and educated in Wayne Coun-
ty, N. C. He emigrated to Illinr.is in a very
early day, locating in Union County, and
subsequently to Crawford County in 1827.
He settled on the farm now owned by our
subject. He died February 22, ISfiO. aged
_gixty years. His grandfather was a soldier
of the Revolutionary war. The mother of
'our subject was Charlotte Cox, a native of
near Goldsboro, N. C. She was brought to
Illinois by her parents in an early day, who
settled in Union County. She died June 1,
1850, aged forty-five years one month and
fourteen days. Of the eleven children born
to them, four are now living, viz., Simpson,
Nancy (John) Kaufman, Lafayette and
Henrj'. Simpson Rains was raised on the
I farm, and educated from the subscription
schools, common in his day. When he was
I twenty-four years of age, he left bis home
imd embarked on his career in life as a farm-
er. He then bought sixty acres of land, and
though he was compelled to go in debt for it
and pay ten per cent interest on the princi-
pal, he managed to struggle through and
prosper, and in a few years to make an addi-
tion of forty acres to his farm, which was
located in Section 16, Hutsonville Town-
ship. In 1864, he sold his farm and re-
moved to the old homestead farm, buying 302
acres of the other heirs. He continued to
add to this until his farm contained 432
acres. He has deeded forty acres of this to
his oldest son. In 1853, he married Miss
Nancy Jane Lindhfy, a native of Crawford
County, born June 22, 1884. She is a
daughter of Owen and Hannah Lindley, na-
tives of Indiana. Mr. and ]Mrs. Rains have
the following children: Edward. Morton,
Clarissa, Mary, Emma, George, Louisa,
Nancy and Fanny, twins, and Ellen. He
and wife are religiously connected with the
Universalist Church. Politically, he is a
Republican. He has served the people as
School Director for about twenty yeai's.
LAFAYETTE RAINS, stock-raiser and
farmer, P. O. Hutsonville, is one of the
largest and most prosperous stock-raisers
and farmers of Hutsonville Township. He
is a son of Ambrose B. and Charlotte (Cox)
Rains, whose history appears in another
part of this work. He was born near his
present residence in Crawford County, Seji-
tember 26, 18.33. He was raised on a
farm, and educated from the common
schools. At seventeen years of ago, he went
to California, and there engaged in mining
for about sixteen months. He then returned
home, and engaged in farming on a rented
292
BIOGRAPHICAL:
farm. In 1854, he bought his first land, a
farm of eighty acres, located three miles
west of his present residence. In 1858, he
sold his farm and bought eighty acres where
he now resides. His industry and economy
has gained him more than ordinaiy success,
and he is now the owner of 546 acres of land,
well stocked and improved, with a large com-
modious residence, and a large stock bai'n.
Since 1872, he has been making the raising
of stock a specialty. He has now about sixty
head on his place. In January, 1856. he
married Miss Nancy Cox, a native of Craw-
ford County. She is a daughter of Thomas
and Deborah Cox. Mr. ani Mrs. Rains have
f om- childi-en— John C, Martha, Mary A. and
Emily. He and wife are members of the
Baptist Church. He is a member of the A. ,
F. & A. M. . and a Republican.
HENRY RAINS, stock-raiser and farmer,
P. O. Hutsonville; is a son of Ambrose B.
and Charlotte (Cox) Rains, whose history
appears in the biography of Simpson
Rains. He was born in Crawford County,
111., March 2, 1837 ; his early life was
spent at home, assisting to till the soil of
his father's farm, and receiving such an ed-
ucation as could be obtained fi-om the com-
mon schools When he was twenty-one years
of age. his father gave him 120 acres of land,
and he immediately began farming for him-
self, and remained upon this land iintil 1863,
when he sold a part of it, and exchanged the
remainder with his brothers ■, the following
sunomer, he bought 160 acres, known as the
Soiithworth farm. In 1865, he traded this
farm for 139 acres, where he now resides.
Mr. Rains has made the raising of stock a
specialty, and also deals largely in stock. He
is now the owner of 281 acres of good land.
In 1861 — November 21 — he married Miss
Rebecca Lindley, who has borne him six
children, viz.: William A., Alice Ii., Nestus
O., Nellie A., Thomas L. and Mary A. Mr.
and Mrs, Rains are members of the Baptist
Chm-ch. He is a member of the Knights of
Honor, and a Republican in politics.
PETER RAUSCH, fai-mer, P. O. Hutson-
ville, is a native of Grosherzochtum, Hesse-
Darmstardt, Germany, born August 1, 1836.
His father, Peter Rausch, was born in 1808,
and is the owner of a small farm in Ger-
many, where he is now residing, engaged in
farmins and weaving:. His mother, Kati-
rina (Steiger) Rausch, was born in 1811,
and died in Germany, her native place, July
4, 1877. She was the mother of seven chil-
dren, of whom six are now living, and four
residents of America. Peter Rausch was
raised on a farm, and at an early age learned
the weaver's trade. His education was re-
ceived from the Lutheran schools of his na-
tive place. "When he was eighteen years of
age, he borrowed enough money to pay his
passage to America, from Havre to New
York, where he landed May 24, 1855, after
twenty-one days in a sailing vessel. He lo-
cated in Altoona, Penn., where he was em-
ployed to work on a farm, for $10 per month,
but by pleasing his employer was given $1
extra per month through harvest. After six
months he gave up farming and engaged in
a saw and grist mill, continuing in the same
business until 1856, when he went to Johns-
town, and there remained about one month,
breaking iron in a foundry. He then went
to Dayton, Ohio, and worked in a mill for
three years. In 1859. he rented a saw-mill
and six acres of land ; he ran the mill and
tended the'land, upon which he raised tobac-
co, and in this business he was met with fair
success, and in 1865 he had accumulated
enough means to buy him a fai-m of eighty
acres of unimproved land in Crawford Coun-
ty, 111. He immediately removed his family
to the farm, and bv his hard work has sue-
HUTSONVILLE TOWNSHIP.
2»3
ceeded in accumulating a good property. He
is now the owner of 200 acres of good land.
He was married in Dayton, Ohio, in 1858, to
Miss Rosena Weld, a native of Konigreich,
VVurtemberg, Germany. She was born Feb-
ruary 25, 1835. and died June 11, 1882, after
a sickness of eight weeks. Mr. Rausch has
had many difficulties to contend with in his
life. He commenced life in America as a la-
boring man, to pay back the money he had
borrowed to get to America, and has since
worked hard; and i)y honesty, industry and
economy he has accumulated a good prop-
erty, and a worthy name and reputation. He
has the following children: Maggie, Willie,
Mrs. Barbara (Greenlee) Steel, and Emma.
Mr. Rausch is a Democrat in politics, and a
member of the German Lutheran Chui'ch.
ABEL REYNOLDS, carpenter. West
York, is a native of Randolph County, N.
C. , born January 4, 1812. His father, Jesse
Reynolds, was a farmer, born in the year
1784, in North Carolina. He emigrated to
Crawford County, 111., in 1820, and there died
in 1850. His mother, Wilmety (Lamb) Rey-
nolds, was born in North Carolina, in 1786,
and died in Crawford County in 1848. Of
the eleven children born to them, Abel was
the second child. He was raised on a farm,
and educated from the subscription scliools of
Crawford County. He began farming for
himself at twenty-one years of age, upon
rented land. In 1833, he bought his first
land — a small tract of eighty acres, located
in the western part of Hutsonville Township.
In 1838, he sold his farm and bought a grist
and saw mill at York, m Clark County. His
mill was destroyed by fire in 1851 ; it con-
tained all of his wealth, and he was com-
pelled to return to farming upon a rented
farm, and after ten years' of hard work he
was able to again buy a small tract of eighty
acres in Clark County. He did not remove
to this, however, but sold it, and bought 160
acres located near West York, in Hutsonville
Township. He remained upon this farm un-
til, November, 1882, when he removed to
West York and engaged in carpentering.
The trade he had never served an apprentice-
ship at, but picked up while working for a
carpenter, and has worked at the same in
connection with his farming duties for the
past fifteen years. Mr. Reynolds was mar-
ried in Indiana, November 11, 1832, to Miss
Sarah Cox, a native of Miami County, Ohio,
who was born August 1, 1816. They have
been blessed with six children, of whom two
are living, viz.: John and Ruth, both mar-
ried. Ml'. Reynolds and wife are members
of the Quaker Church. He is a Republican.
CHILTON ROGERS, furniture and un-
dertaking, Hutsonville, is a native of Nel-
son County, Ky., born March 12, 1832.
His father, Greenbeny Rogers, was a
farmer, born in Nelson County, Ky., in
1790, and died in Bardstown, the same
county, in 1847. He enlisted in the war of
1812, but did not serve, the war ending be-
fore he became engaged. Elizabeth Shelton,
the mother of our subject, was born in Mary-
land, and died in Grayson County, Ky., in
1861, aged seventy-three years. Chilton
Rogers was the ninth child of a family of
eleven children born to his parents. The first
thirteen yeai's of his life were spent on the
home farm. His education was limited to
tliree days in the common schools. He has,
however, acquired a fair business education
since by observation. At thirteen years of
age, he was apprenticed to his uncle, Felix
Rogers, to learn the cabinet-maker's trade,
and served seven years with him, and after-
ward worked for a short time as a journey-
man at his trade in his native county, and
then spent two years in traveling over Ken-
tucky, working only a few weeks in a place,
294
BIOGRAPHICAL:
his object being to become more skillful at
his trade. In 1853, he came to Terre Haute,
Ind. . and there worked at his tyade and car-
pentering for about five years: during the
time was employed in the car shops for one
year. In 1858, he removed to Edgar County
111., where he remained only a few months,
and then went to Clark County, locating at
York, where he remained five years. In 1863,
he came to Hutsonville, and entered the cabi-
net factory in the employ of J. A. Parker,
and afterward became his partner in the same
business. In 1872, he bought a half-interest
in the Hutson Mill, with Mr. John Harness,
and continued in that business for three
years. In 1875, he erected his jaresent store-
room and cabinet shop, and has since been
engaged in the furniture and undertaking
business. Mr. Rogers has been four times
married —in 1855, to Miss Jane Test, who
died in 1866; in 1867. to Mary L. Test, a sis-
ter to his first wife; she died in 1876, leaving
three children, of whom one is living — Char-
ley. In 1876, he married Jane Wilson, who
died in 1878, leaving one child — Allie. In
1878, he married Bertina Everlett. Mr.
Rogers has served on the Town Board for two
terms. Is a member of the A., F. & A. M.,
I. O. O. F. and K. of H. Politically, he is
a Republican.
POSEY RUSH, Justice of the Peace and
wagon-maker, Hutsonville, 111., was born in
Shelby County, Ky., July 30, 1823, to Abra-
ham and Mary (Mattos) Rush. His father
was a native of Pennsylvania, born in 1800;
emigrated to Shelby County, Ky., in 1820,
and to Parke County, Ind., in 1830, where he
died in 1866. He followed farming dm'ing
his life. His wife, the mother of our sub-
ject, was born in Virginia in 1802, and died
in Joslin, Mo., in March. 1882. They had
eight children, Posey Rush being the second
child born to them. His early life was spent
at home, receiving a limited common school
education, and assisting to till the soil of his
father's farm. When he was twenty years of
age, he left his home and embarked on his ca-
reer in life. He followed farming and driv-
ing cattle and horses until 1862, when he en-
listed in the late rebellion, in Company G.,
of the One Hundred and Thirtieth Illinois
Regiment under command of Col. Niles, and
was engaged in the following battles, viz. :
Port Gibson, Champion Hills. Raymond,
Jackson, Miss., Black River Bridge, siege of
Vicksburg and many smaller engagements.
On account of a diseased hip, was discharged
from the service July 22, 1863. He imme-
diately returned to his home in Parke County,
Ind., and was unable to work tor several years.
In 1868, he removed to Middletown, Ind.,
bought a farm and remained upon the same
five years. In 1873, he removed to Sullivan,
Ind., and there engaged in the livery busi-
ness. In 1877, he came to Hutsonville, 111. ,
where he has since been engaged in wagon-
making. In April, 1881, was elected Justice
of the Peace, and is now holding the office.
He was married, in 1843, in Parke County,
Ind., to Miss Martha Doggette, who has
borne the following childi'en: Lillie and
James W. He is a Republican, an active
member of the Masons, and with his wife
unites with the Baptist Church.
HENRY A. VOORHEIS, farmer and stock-
raiser, P. 0. Hutsonville, is a native of Craw-
ford County, 111., born November 14, 1826,
on the same farm he is now residing on.
His father. Mahlon Voorheis, was a fanner,
born March 29, 1797, in New Jersey. He
was married May 12, 1824, and the same
year removed to Cravyford County, 111., locat-
ing on the same farm now occupied by our sub-
ject. He died February 6, 1848. His mother,
Eliza (Tuttle) Voorheis, vras born in New
Jersey July 29, 1S04, and died in Crawford
J. A MOTTE TOWNSHIP.
295
County, 111., October 19, 1843. They had
eleven children, of whom three are now liv-
intr. Henry A. Voorheis being the oldest child
His early life was spent at home, assisting
in tilling the soil of his father's farm and re-
ceiving such an education as could be obtained
from the subscription schools. He left his
home at twenty-one years of age and engaged
to Nathan Musgi-ave to work on the farm by
the month. The following year, ho rented
the farm of Mr. M. and remained upon the
same for five years. During this time, he
had been fortunate enough to make enough
money to enable him to buy the old home-
stead farm, which had changed hands since his
father's death. In 1805, he removed to the
old farm, and has since remained upon it
actively engaged in farming and stock-rais-
ing. He is now the owner of 274 acres of
good land. Upon his farm he has a beau-
tiful residence, and the surroundings in gen-
eral bespeak for him enterprise and industry.
In Crawford County, May 8. 1856, he mar-
ried Miss Eliza N. Cox, a daughter of Thomas
and Debora (Lindley) Cox, natives of North
Carolina. Mr. and Mrs. Voorheis have had
six children, of whom five are now living,
viz.: Emma, wife of F. J. Cooper, of
Robinson; John, Charley H., William and
Mary. Mr. Voorheis is a member of the
Friends' Church, and his wife of the Baptist.
He has held the oflSce of School Trustee
for twenty years. In politics, is a Repub-
lican.
LAMOTTE TOWNSHIP.
JAMES A. ALEXANDER, Palestine. This
gentleman was born September 18, 1845,
in Palestine. He is a son of Dr. H. Alexan-
der, bom August 4, 1804, in Woodford Coun-
ty. Ky. ; he died December 13, 1876. in Pal-
estine. He was educated in Kentucky. At
the age of twenty-one he came to this county,
where he practiced medicine and was after-
ward married to Eliza Kitchell, in Novem-
ber 27, 1828; she was the mother of three
children, who ai-e all dead; she died while
quite young. The Doctor was married a
second time to Mrs. Julia Danforth, October
13, 1836. She was a sister to the Doctor's
first wife, and the mother of six children, of
whom only our subject and his brother,
Charles C. , are living. Mrs. Kitchell died
in 1855. The Doctor was married again
August 20, 1856, to Miss Jeretta Wilson, who
died December 31, 1881. She was the
mother of William Alexander, who married
Margaret Lanham; and Elizabeth, born March
2, 1860. Dr. Alexander was one of the
most prominent and useful men in the coun-
ty. He was a practicing physician for over
forty years, ind as his real worth and charac-
ter became known, the public honored him
with different positions of trust and honor.
Aboiit the first office that he filled was his
connection with the land office, as Land Com-
missioner; after that he was chosen County
Judge, which office he filled with honor and
ability. He was elected to the Legislature
several times, and tilled the position to the sat-
isfaction of his constituents. His memory
is cherished by all who knew him. Our sub-
ject was educated in this county. He was
married, January 27, 1873, in Clark County,
111., to Miss Adeline Pennell, born Decem-
ber 4, 1848, in Ohio. She is the mother of
four children — Faytie W., born January 14,
1874; William H., born March 19, 1875;
BIOGRAPHICAL:
Lola B., born November 29, 1876; and Daisy
D., born March 20, 1882. Mr. Alexander is
a member of the Presbyterian Chiu-ch. Mrs.
Alexander belongs to the Congregational
Church. Our subject responded to the call
of his country, October 8, 1864, enlisting in
the Sixty-second Illinois Volunteers, Com-
pany F. He is a member of the Alfred Har
rison Post, No. 152, G. A. E. In politics,
he is a Democrat.
JOHN B. ANDREW, farmer, was born
March 17, 1807, in Caroline County, Md.
He is a snn of William Andrew, who was
born and died in Maryland. He was a farm-
er, and was married to Margaret Beechum,
who was the mother of eight children. One
of them, named David, was in the war of
1812. Mr. Andrew went to school in Mary
land and Ohio, and was manied in the for-
mer State, January 15, 1833, to Miss Eliza-
beth Ireland, born 1809; she is dead now.
She was the mother of one child, named De-
lilah, who was married December 5, 1867, to
Mr. John W. Leaverton, born April 14, 1840.
He is a farmer by occupation, and is men-
tioned in another part of this work. Mr.
Andrew was married a second time, January
17, 1853, in Marion County, Ohio, to Mrs.
E. A. Essex, born September 12, 1821; she is
a daughter of John and Nancy Parott, and
is the mother of three children, two boys and
one girl; the boys, L. J. Essex, born Decem-
ber 2, 1839, and J. P. Essex, born Decem-
ber 21, 1844, are now living; the girl, Fran-
ces E., bom May 16, 1854, and who married
H. W. Hutchings, is now dead; she died
April 12, 1873. Mr. Andrew is a hale old
man, and carries his years well. He and his
wife belong to the Christian Chui'ch. He is
a Democrat in politics.
J. APPLE, farmer, P. O. Palestine, ia a
native of Clermont Coimty, Ohio, where he
was born June 3, 1820. His father, Daniel
Apple, born 1794, in Pennsylvania, married
Rebecca Williamson, born 1792, in Virginia.
I She is the mother of five children. Our sub-
ject, J. Apple, is the descendant of very in-
dutrious and high-minded people. He was
educated in Ohio, where he spent his happy
boyhood, and was joined in matrimony,
February 27, 1842, to Miss Eunice Ellsworth,
born September 7, 1818, in Shelby County,
Ohio; she is a daughter of Aquilla and Me-
hitabel (Tuttle) Ellsworth, and the mother
of nine children — Mary J., Rebecca, decea.sed,
Lemuel F., William S., Sarah A., Caleb H. ,
Cyrus S. , Union G., and James E. Mr.
Apple is identified with the Democratic
party, and through his commendable zeal and
industry he is the possessor of 435 acres of
fine land in a good farming district.
ALBERT BOKER, farmer, P. O. Robin-
son, was born May 8, 1843, in Germany. He
was raised in Cincinnati, Ohio. He fought
for the stars and stripes in our late war, hav-
ing enlisted as a volunteer in the Eleventh
Missouri Infantry. He was detailed after-
ward to the artillery. After the war, he
lived some years in Cincinnati, and finally
came to Crawford County, 111., where he was
married, November 29, 1876, to Miss Mad-
die McDowell, born May 12, 1843. Her
father was Benjamin McDowell, whose grand-
father, Robert McDowell, was one of the pi-
oneers of Crawford Coiinty, having come
here in 1814. He and his son John H. were
also in the Indian war of 1815. His daugh-
ter, Mary H. McDowell, born October 29,
1811, and who is yet living, remembers of
having seen old Fort Foote, and has herself
been in Fort La Motte. Mr. Boker is an Odd
Fellow, and is identified with the Republican
party. Mrs. Boker is the proud mother of
four bright children; their names and births
are as follows: Sarah L., born July 21, 1877;
Benjamin, born September 28, 1879; Will-
LA MOTTE TOWNSHIP.
397
iam Henry, born April 25, 1881; and George
v., bom December 29, 1882. Mrs. Boker's
brother, William A. McDowell, was killed at
the battle of Fort Donelson.
H. BEECHER, blacksmith, Palestine, was
born 1829, in Vincennes, Ind. He is a son
ot Alva Beecher, born March 31, 1793, in
Massachusetts; he was a patent right dealer
by occupation, having come to Palestine at
an eai-ly date. He was married to Miss
Achsah Bloss, born in 1794, in Massachu-
setts. She is the mother of ten children,
four boj's and six girls. Mr Beecher went
to school in Vincennes, Ind. He learned
the blacksmith trade, which ho has followed
all his life. In 1841, he came to Palestine,
where he was married, in 1849, to Miss Eliz-
abeth Leatherman, born February 18, 1827,
near Montezuma, Ind. She is a daughter of
David and Catharine Iieatherman. Mr. and
Mrs. Beecher are members of the Christian
Church. He is a Republican, and is known
as an honest, hardworking man. Zelim
Beecher, who was bom, 1815, in Pennsyl-
vania, is living in Palestine, where he was
man'ied to Charlotte Leatherman. She is the
mother of five children now living: Catha-
rine, Emma J., Sarah E, , Will W. and Ida.
W. J. CREWS, farmer, P. O. Palestine.
This worthy gentleman first beheld the light
of this world on the 7th day of August, 1802,
in Halifax County, Va. His father, John
Crews, was born October 7, 1868, in Vir-
ginia. He was married to Elizabeth Samson,
bom January 6, 1778, in Virginia. She was
the mother of seven children, three of whom
are now living. Mr. J. Crews was one of
the fii-st settlers in this county, having come
here with his family in 1817, and entered
100 acres of land in what is now called Mont-
gomery Township, where his son, the subject
of this sketch, was brought up, and on June
18, 1829, he was joined in matrimony to
Miss Amelia Spraggins, born July 9, 1810,
in Lincoln County, Ky. She is the daugh-
ter of Nathaniel and Christiana (Carpen-
ter) Spraggins, who came to this county in
1815. Mrs. Crews is the mother of nine chil-
dren— Christiana A., born April 15, 1830,
she was married June 13, 1850; Mary E.,
born September 29, 1831, married February
29. 1848; Martha A., born November 22,
1834, married February 19, 1852; William
J., born November 27, 1836, he died Octo-
bers, 1855; Margaret, born March 6, 1839,
married November 8, 1858; John H., born
April 23, 1841, married February 13, 1866;
Angeline, born September 1, 1844, married
September 1, 1863; Sarati A., born October
25, 1846, married February 28, 1867; and
Eliza J. , bom July 28, 1849, married Decem-
ber 30, 1869. Mr. Crews has given all ;,his
children a good start in life, and has also
given them that home training which has
made of them excellent members of their
respective communities; altogether his life has
been a success, and we feel assured that he
can look back with the gi-eatest pleasiure to the
days that are long since passed. He is a Re-
publican, and with his excellent wife and chil-
dren belongs to the Methodist Episcopal
Church.
WILLIAM CUNNINGHAM, farmer, P.
O. Palestine, was born April 3, 1853, in
Morgan County, 111. He is a son of Thomas
J. Cunningham, who was born September 11,
1825; his occupation was that of a stockman
and farmer. He was married, June 13,
1850, to Miss Christiana A. Crews, born
April 15, 1830. Mr. Cunningham was edu-
cated in Morgan and Crawford Counties. He
is a farmer and stockman, and was joined in
matrimony, April 1, 1874, to Miss Mary S.
I Otey, born July, 1855, in this county. She
i is the mother of two children — Edward, born
December 15, 1875, and who passed from
298
BIOGRAPHICAL:
earth to heaven July 10, 1877 ; and Ella, who
was born May 10, 1877. Mr. Cunningham
is a Republican, but is in favor of a new
third party. He and his wife are members
of the Methodist Episcopal Church.
JEFFERSON DAUGHERTY. farmer, P.
O. Palestine, was born March 20, 1841, in
Sullivan County, Ind. His grandfather was
in the Revolutionary war. His father, John
Daugherty, was born in Kentucky, and died
in Indiana. He was married to Mary Jane
Daugherty, who was also born in Kentucky.
Our subject went to school in New Lebanon,
Ind., and Palestine, 111. He was a farmer in
early life. In the summer of 1861, on July 20,
he obeyed the call of his country, enlisted in
the Eleventh Missouri Infantry Volunteers,
and marched forth to defend the stars and
stripes. He participated in the battles of
Frederickstown, Corinth, luka, Vicksburg
and others. Mr. Daugherty lost his eyesight
in the service of his country. He came
home in 1864, and was married, October 7,
1868, in New Iiabanon, Ind., to Miss S. J.
Schoonover, born January 16, 1851, in Sul-
livan County, Ind. She is the mother of
one child now living, William E., born April
28, 1872. Mr. Daugherty is a member of
the "Alfred Harrison Post," No. 152, in Pal-
estine Department, G. A. R. He and his
wife are members of the Christian Church.
He receives a goodly pension from the Ignited
States Government.
MRS. M. E. DECKER, Palestine, was
born October 20, 1825, on La Motte Prairie.
She is a daughter of Lawson Linton, born
in Virginia. He married Sarah Ensworth,
born in Pennsylvania. She was the mother
of nine children. Mrs. Decker's father came
to this county at an early date, and she lived
here till her sixth year, when she went with
her father to Parke County, Ind. , where she
was educated and was joined in matrimony,
February 5, 1846, to John E. Decker, born
October 12, 1814, in Vincennes, Ind. He
died December 12, 1866. He is the father
of sis children, cf whom the first two are by
his tii-st wife— Edward V., born July 16,
1837; Luke, born September 20, 1839; Rhoda
A., born August 23, J 847: Isaac L. , born
July 4, 1850; Sarah Bell, born July 9, 1854;
and one infant son who died. Mrs Decker
is a lady who is endowed with a great
deal of sound sense; she is a fond mother and
a faithful Christian, being a member of the
Methodist Church. She returned after she
was married to this county, where she lives
in a fine, comfortable home, which was built
on one of her jsroduetive prairie farms. Mrs.
Decker's daughter, Sarah Bell, married W.
T. Lisman, now dead; she is now married to
W. S. Apple, and is the mother of three
children living — Charlie, John E. and one
infant girl that has not been named.
J. S. DEWITT, farmer, P. O. Palestine,
was born July 4, 1833, in Kentucky. He is
a son of John Dewitt, born in Virginia,
where he man-ied Mary Spurling, born in
Virginia. Mr. Dewitt went to school in Ken-
tucky, where he farmed, and was married,
June 2, 1855, to Mildred A. Reynolds, who
died in this county. She was the mother
of six children, of whom only Emma M.,
bom September 15, 1863, is now living.
She married Jesse Wright. Mr. Dewitt was
married a second time to Mrs. Stacy Walters,
born October 15, 1822. She is a daughter of
T. H. McColpin, and is the mother of ten
children, five are now living — Eliza Jane,
born December 23. 1850, she married T. J.
Pifer; Rosa Ann, born January 18, 1856,
she married John Jefferson; Jacob L., born
July 3, 1860, he man-ied Maggie Wright;
Charles F., born June 11, 1862; Grant, born
September 7, 1864; these are all from her
first husband. Mrs. Dewitt is a member of
LA MOTTE TOWNSHIP.
299
the Methodist Episcopal Church, llr. De-
witt is identified with the Democratic party.
MRS. ALICE DONNELL was born No-
vember 26, 1846, in Dayton, Ohio. She is
a daughter of Cyrus McLean, born 1795, in
Frederick City, Md. , he died in Sidney, Ohio.
He was a farmer by occupation and was mar-
ried in Frederick City, Md., to Sarah Flem-
ming born 1799, and who died 1871, in
Hutsonville, 111. She is the mother of three
children, of whom only our subject is now
living, who went to school in Bellefontaine,
Ohio. She lived awhile in Palestine, and
was there married, March 16, 1881, to Mr.
D. K. Donnell, born March 3, 1823, in Ten-
nes^^ee. and who died March 15, 1882, in Pal-
estine. He had been married once before.
Several children were the result of his first
marriage; three of them are now living; they
are all married and are known as Mrs. Mary
Wright, Mrs. Sarah E. Rafferty, and Mrs.
Rosa Ma lone. Mrs. Donnell lives in a com-
fortable house in Palestine, near Mi-. William
Donnell, who came to Palestine at an early
age. Mrs. Donnell's parents were members
of the Presbyterian Chui-ch, but she is a
member of the Methodist Chiu-ch. She has the
respect of all with whom she associates.
W. R. EMMONS, magistrate, Palestine,
was born April 14. 1836. in Russellville,
Lawrence County, 111. He is a son of
Charles D. Emmons, born 1805, in Kentucky.
He was a Sheriff of Lawrence Coimty, and
died 1850, in Russellville, 111. He was mar-
ried to Miss Sarah Mills, born 1810, in a
fort near Russellville. and is the mother of
ten children. Mr. W. R. Emmons went to
school a few years in Russellville, but is main-
ly self educated. He taught school several
years in Crawford County, 111. In 1863, he
bought a farm south of Robinson, lived there
almost five years, when he bought a half-in-
terest in the steam grist mill at Palestine.
Three years after that he sold out, and in
1871 bought a farm near PalestiAe, which he
works, though living in town. Has filled the
following township offices: Assessor, two
years; Collector, four- years; Supervisor, two
years. In the spring of 1881, he was elected
Justice of the Peace, and has continued in
that office up to date. Mi-. Emmons was
joined in matrimony, March 27, 1860, in
Robinson, 111., to Miss Sarah Nichols, born
January 12, 1841, in Crawford County. She
is the daughter of Merritt and Elizabeth
(Brown) Nichols, and is the mother of four
children— Hattie, born April 20, 1867; Eliza,
born February 17, 1871; Blanche, born Sep-
tember 17, 1875; and one little boy cherub,
William Roy, born May 29, 1882. Mr, Em-
mons is a Knight of Honor, and adheres to
the Republican party.
GEORGE G. ERFFT, farmer, P. O. Pal-
estine, was bom August 23, 1811, in Muehl-
haus, Prussia, Germany, where he went to
school. Hunted a great deal and learned
the blacksmith trade. He served in the Ger-
man Ai-my, and was one of the King's Body
Guard. He was also married there, Febru-
ary 16, 1844, to Miss Elizabeth Helbeng,
who was born April 4, 1821, and is the
mother of the following childi-en: Carl A.,
Phillip J., Juliane, Friedericha, Julius,
Henry G., Caroline, Anna P., Sarah E.,
Doretta F. Mr. Erfft came to the United
States in 1849, settling in Cincinnati; from
there he went to Reading, and finally came
to Palestine, where he followed his trade.
His two boys, Carl and Julius, are both mar-
ried and are mechanics, working in the rail-
road shops at Palestine. In 1875, Mr. Erfft
moved on to a farm, where he built all his
buildings himself. He and his wife are mem-
bers of the Presbyterian Church. Although
Mr. Erfft was not a soldier in the late war,
yet he was ever ready to encourage the good
300
BIOGRAPHICAL:
cause, and welcomed the " boys in blue " when
they would be home on a furlough.
GEORGE FERGUSON, farmer, P. O.
Trimble. This gentleman was born June
27, 1823, in Scotland, son of John Ferguson,
born in Ireland. He married Susannah Mil-
ler, born in Scotland, she is the mother of
twelve children. Our subject came to the
United States in 1844, settled in New Jer-
sey, lived one year in Terre Hnute, and seven
years in Clark County, 111.; then six years
again in Indiana, settling here in 1865. He
has now a good farm of 161 acres of fine
land, which he keeps in good shape. He was
married first in Scotland, to Margaret Daley,
who died here February 1, 1877; she had
the following children — Susan, James Alex-
ander, Mary A., Margaret W. Simpson,
John, married Eva Page; George, married
Margaret Cooley; James, Letitia, F. Gross,
Elizabeth, William and Thomas are dead.
Mr. Ferguson was mai-ried again, November
19, 1879, to Mrs. Judith A. Fulton, born
June 2, 1827, in Perry County, Ohio, daugh-
ter of Joseph H. and Ann (Schofield) Clay-
pool, and is the mother of four boys — John
H., Gus, married Anna Rodgers; Otto, Adam
Leo. Mr. and Mrs. Ferguson are members
of the Christian Chiu-ch, and good members
in society. Oiu- subject has many of the
good characteristics of the Scotch race, among
others, honesty and piety, and strict tem-
perance.
D. W. FOX, farmer, P. O. Palestine, was
born February 25, 1845, in Crawford Coun-
ty. He is a son oi John Fox, whose father
was a minister of the Gospel, and one of the
first settlers in this county. Our subject has
been a farmer all his life. He was joined in
matrimony, December 30, 1869, to Miss E.
J. Crews, born July 28, 1849; she is the
youngest daughter of W. J. and Amelia
(Spraggins) Crews, and is the mother of the
following children: Frederick, born Octo-
ber 25, 1870; Francis, born December 14,
1872, he died December 1, 1875; Harry, born
July 25, 1874; Lucy M., born April 11,
1877; Martha, born March 22, 1879; and
William P., born May 1, 1881. Mr. Fox is
a wide- awake farmer, and has been identified
with the Democratic party.
JOSEPH C. FREEMAN, wagon-maker,
Palestine, was born September 1, 1836, in
Adams County, Ohio, a son of James Free-
man, who learned the wagon -maker's trade
in Pittsbm-gh, Penn., and who in after life
became a local Methodist minister. He was
joined in matrimony to Miss Lydia Shaj^
she was the mother of eighteen children,
nine boys and nine girls; she is now living
in Vanceburg, Ky. Seven of the boys learned
the wagon -maker trade; and the members of
this large family were good citizens in their
respective communities. Mr. Joseph C.
Freeman went to school in Jacksonville and
Rome, at which latter place he learned the
trade of wagon-maker, and when he was
twenty years old he went to Natchez,
Miss., where he worked most of his time till
1860, when he went home to Rome, Ohio,
and in June the next year he enlisted in the
Twenty-fom-th Ohio Infantry, Company D,
and was honorably discharged at the end of
the three years' term. In the winter of 1864,
while home on a furlough, he was married
to Miss Sarah Beach, who was born in 1840,
in Adams County, Ohio; her parents were
John and Sarah Beach. She is the mother
of seven children, five boys and two girls;
those now living are Frank D., Kate C
Walter and Oscar. Mr. Freeman came to
Palestine, 111., in October, 1865, where he has
followed his trade. He is identified with
the Republican party, yet is independent.
He is a member of the " Alfred Harrison Post
of the G. A. R. " His oldest sister, Mary,
LA MOTTE TOWNSHIP.
301
married James Ellison, who, while defending
his property near Nauvoo from the Mormons,
was taken prisoner by them and condemned
to be shot. He effected his escape, but died
from exposure after reaching a place of safe-
ty.
HENRY FULLING, farmer, P. O. Pales-
tine, was bom May 18, 1824, in Essen, Prov-
ince Hanover, Germany. He is a son of Cli-
mar Fulling, born 1802, in Germany; he died
in Gibson County, Ind. He was a soldier in
the old country, and was married there to
Ellen Roea, who was born and died in the old
country, and who was the mother of four
children. Mr. Fulling went to school in
Essen, Germany, and at the age of fifteen
came to Palestine, where he stayed with Mr.
F. Paull for about twelve years, and is now
a well-to-do farmer, owning 353 acres of
land. Mr. Fulling has been the architect
of his own fortune and owes his success to his
perseverance and hai'd work. He was maiTied,
in Crawford County, 111., to Miss Samina
McColpin, born August 24, 1826, in this
county. She is the daughter of Abraham and
Jemima (Higgins) McColpin, and is the
mother of six children; four are now living,
and their names are John T., born August
23, 1850; Mary E., born February 20, 1853;
Sarah E., born August 8, 1855; and Henry
A., born June 4, 1861. Mr. Fulling has
been identified with the Democratic party,
and he and his wife are members of the Pres-
byterian Church.
ENOCH GOGIN, carpenter, Palestine, was
bom October 9, 1812, in Clermont County,
Ohio, a son of Thomas Gogin, born April 5,
1773, in Morris County, N. J., who was a
wagon-maker and farmer by occupation. He
died in Crawford County. His father, John
Gogin. born April 8, 1749, was lost at sea.
Mrs. Thomas Gogin' s maiden name was
Sarah Scull, born 1781, in Cape May County,
N. J. She was married. August 31, 1796,
and was the mother of twelve children.
Seven are now living, and their ages will
average seventy-two years. Mr. E. Gogin
went to school in Hamilton County, Ohio.
In early life he farmed with his father, then
learned the carpenter trade, followed that till
1860, when he was elected Postmaster at
Palestine, 111., where he had removed with
his father in 1841, continuing in that office
till 1876, when he resigned on account of
rheumatism ; is an invalid at the present day.
He was married, in Hamilton County, Ohio,
June 6, 1835, to Mary A. Ewell, born Novem-
ber 18, 1817. She is the oldest child of John
and Helen Ewell, who died in Cincinnati,
Ohio, after which she, her sister Eliza J.,
and her brother John, who died in Piqua,
Ohio, in 1862, were brought up in Hamilton
County, by Scotch people. Eliza J. is now
living in Robinson, 111., with her husband,
O. VV. Gogin, a mai'ble dealer. Mrs. M. A.
Gogin is the mother of two children — Leon-
idas H., Catharine M., born June 25, 1836,
died August 13, 1856; she married J. Purcell,
and was the mother of Sarah E., born April
6, 1856; she married Dr. J. S. Thompson, of
Bruceville, Ind. ; one son, Frank P, was born
August 28, 1878, is the result of this union.
Leonidas H., was born November 30, 1838,
died August 28, 1872. Was a soldier in the
Twenty-first Illinois Infantry, Company I
Mr. and Mrs. Gogin are members of the
Christian Chui-ch. Mrs. Gogin has carried
on a dry goods and notion business for the
last eighteen years. She is a strong church
and Sunday school worker.
S. R. GOODWIN, farmer, P. O. Palestine,
was born August 3, 1835, in Decatur Coun-
ty, Ind. He is' a son of Nelson Goodwin,
born in Kentucky. He was a physician by
occupation, and married Miss Sarah Travis.
Mr. S. R. Goodwin was educated in Deca-
302
BIOGRAPHICAL:
tur County, Ind. In 1854, he moved to this
county, where he enlisted in the summer of
1862, in the Ninety-eighth Illinois Infantry
Volunteers, Company D. His regiment was
afterward mounted and did some hard fight-
ing till the close of the war. Mr. Goodwin
was joined in matrimony, August 30, 1867,
to Mary M. Pif er. born May 30, 1844, on La
Motte Prairie; she is a daiighter of Jo-
seph Pifer, born September 24, 1819, in Vir-
ginia. He was married, August 25, 1842, to
Margaret Walker, born January 23, 1822.
Ml-. Pifer died January 1, 1876, and his wife
died November 5, 1878. Mrs. Goodwin is
the mother of two children — Maggie E., born
July 14, 1868, she died October 2, 1869; and
Harlin Leslie, born February 20, 1870. Mr.
and Mrs. Goodwin are members of the Meth-
odist Episcopal Church. He is identified
with the Republican party, is a " Knight of
Honor," and is a member of the " G. A. E."
DAVID GOODWIN, farmer, P. O. Pales
tine, was born December 18, 1843, in Coshoc-
ton County, Ohio. His father, John Good-
win, was born July 29, 1815; was a mason by
occupation, and enjoyed the respect of ail
who knew him. He was married to Miss
Morris, born January 4, 1823; she died Feb-
ruary, 1881. She was a daughter of Elisha
and Casine (Cullison) Morris, and the mother
of eight children. Mr. D. Goodwin went to
school in Montgomery Township, and was
joined in matrimony, April 5, 1866, to Stacy
A. Magill, a daughter of William L. and
Elizabeth (McCorpin) Magill; she was born
October 3, 1847, and is the mother of four
children — Emma J., born January 30, 1867;
John W., born July 30, 1868, he died Octo-
ber 4, 1869; Noah F., born November 7,
1873; and Chester A,, born August 6, 1877.
Mr. and Mrs. Goodwin are exemplary mem-
bers of their community, and both belong to
the Christian Church. He has been identi-
fied with the Democratic party. He has
good buildings on his farm, which he man-
ages with great care and profit.
A. C, GOODWIN, farmer, P. O. Pales-
tine. The subject of this sketch was born
October 11, 1848 in Decatur County, Ind.
He is a son of Nelson Goodwin, M. D., who
was born in Kentucky, but who died in Craw-
ford County, 111. The mother of oiu' subject,
Sarah B. Goodwin, was born in Travis, Ind.
She is the mother of four children now liv-
ing— Shadrich R. ; Mary J., who married
George D. Griswold; oiir subject, A. C.
Goodwin, and his sister, Sarah M., who mar-
ried C. J. Price, a physician in Hardinsville.
Ml-. Goodwin was educated at " The Union
Christian College," in Merom, Sullivan Coun-
ty, Ind. In early life, he distinguished him-
self as a teacher, he taught for five consecu-
tive years. He is now living in Palestine,
but carrying on farming. He was married
there March 6, 1878, to Miss Aggie Cun-
ningham, born December 4, 1856. Her
father, Isaac Cunningham, was born in Ohio;
her mother, Jane (Cunningham, was born in
Palestine. Mr. Goodwin is the father of one
child, named Ethel Cleo. Mr. Goodwin is a
Republican, and a Knight of Honor. He
had three brothers in the army; one of them
was killed at the battle of Nashville.
C. A. GORDON, farmer, P. O. Palestine,
was born September 18, 1816. in New Jersey.
He is a son of W. T. Gordon, born 1794,
in New Jersey, who died 1830, in Morgan
County, Ohio. He married Anna La R-ue,
born September 23, 1798, in New Jersey.
She is still living and the mother of eight
children, of whom i.he two youngest were
from her second husband, Peter McMullen.
Mr. Gordon was educated in Ohio, where he
learned the carpenter and joiner trade, which
he followed about twelve years. He was
joined in matrimony, October 29, 1844, in
LA MOTTE TOWNSHIP.
303
Now Reading, Ohio, to Miss Mary Bugh,
born November 5, 1820, in Ohio. Her father
was Michael Bugh, born in Pennsylvania.
She is the mother of three children — Will-
iam La Fayette, born January, 3, 1846;
Francis G., deceased; Charles A., born
August 22, 1849. Mrs. Gordon died Au-
gust, 1851, in Crawford County, 111. Our '
subject was man-ied a second time, Septem-
ber 2, 1852, to Miss Sarah M. Callahan, born
January 2, 1832, in Ohio. She is the daugh-
ter of John and Margaret (Brown) Callahan,
and the mother of six children — Theodore
C, born September 8, 1853; Ida, born June
22, 1858; John O., bom August 5, 18B0;
Orin L. , born June 27, 1862 ; Clarence, born
November 25, 1863, and George E., born
June 6, 1868. Mr. Gordon, who is a descend-
ent of a Scotch nobleman, went West in
1852, living fifteen years in Iowa and Ne-
braska. He came back to Crawford County,
111., in 1868, and owns a farm of (300 acres.
ilr. Gordon is identified with the Repub-
lican party, and he and his wife ai-e members
of the Methodist Episcopal Church.
JUDGE JOHN B. HARPER, blacksmith,
Palestine, to whom this sketch is devottd,
was born February 6, 1813, in Knox
County, Ind. He is a son of James
Harper, born May 15, 1790, in Fayette
County, Ky., who died December 1, 1829,
in Knox County, Ind. He was a brave
soldier in the Indian war of 1812, par-
ticipating in the battle of Tippecanoe, where
he received a shot in his leg; he carried the
bullet in it to his giave. He was married to
Peggy Walker, bom July 25, 1795, in Mer-
cer County, Ky.; died August 26, 1826, in
Knox County, Ind. She was the mother of
seven childi-en. >Ir. James Harper's father,
George Harper, was one of the pioneers of
Fayette County, Ky., participating in many
of the terrible contests of that country, well
called the "dark and bloody ground." He
was also in the Revolutionary war; on ac-
count of that he received a grant of land in
Indiana, from the United States Government.
After building a fort on it to protect his fam-
ily fi'om the Indians, he settled there and
commenced to farm, stationing always one of
his children with'a horn on top of the tower
in the fort so as to be ready to give the alarm
if the Indians should be near. Oiu: subject
went to school in country log schoolhouses.
He came to Palestine in 1830, where he
learned the blacksmith trade, which he fol-
lowed for thirty-six years, when he com-
menced to farm. He was married, Novem-
ber 16, 1837, to Miss Abigail Everingham,
born November 19, 1S20, in Ohio. Her
father was a millwright; her parents Enocii,
and Triphena (Kitchell) Everingham, came
from the East. Mrs. Harper was the mother
of six children — James E., Mary V., Rhoda
A., Charles O., Lizzie Bell and Lucy J. Mr.
Harper is one of the most prominent men in
the county. He has been honored with the
office of Township Justice of the Peace for
ten years, and county magistrate for four
years; has been School Treasiu-er, and from
1869 till 1877 has filled the honorable office
of County Judge to the entire satisfaction of
the people. He and his family are orna-
ments of our society. Mr. Harper is identified
with the Democratic party.
C. O. HARPER, farmer, I'. O. Palestine,
was born July 17, 1848, in Palescine. He
is a son of Judge John B. Harper, who was
horn February 6, 1813, and is one of the most
prominent men in the county. He has filled
satisfactorily various offices the last one was
that of County Judge, which he tilled for
eight years. He was married to Miss Abi-
gail Everingham, who was born in Ohio,
and who is the mother of six children. Our
subject was educated in Palestine. After
304
BIOGRAPHICAL:
his school days were over, he turned his at-
tention to agricultural jjursuits, which was
only interrupted by his obeying the call of
his counti-y and enlisting February 11, 1865,
iu the One Hundred and Fifty-second Regi-
ment of Illinois Volunteers, Company H,
and serving till the close of war, after which
he went to school one year, and then taught
school for two winters, one north of Rob-
inson and another at Morea. IVIr. Har-
per was married, September 10, 1873, in La
Motte Township, to Miss Catharine P. Lis-
man, born December 25, 1853, in Merom.
She is a daughter of David and Nancy
(Wells) Lisman. Mr. Harper is identified
with the Republican party, a " Knight of
Honor," and a member of the " Alfred Har-
rison Post," No. 152, of Palestine Depart-
ment, Illinois G. A. R. Mr. and 'Mrs. Har-
per are members of the Presbyterian Church.
E. C. HASKETT, merchant, Palestine,
was born near Hutsonville, Crawford Coun-
ty, 111.; son of John Haskett, who was born
in North Carolina. The father was a far-
mer by occupation, and at an early age
came to Crawford County, 111., where he
bought land near Hutsonville, on which he
lived till his death, which occurred in the
spring of 1841. He was married to Miss
Nancy West, born in 1810, in North Caro-
lina, and now living near Hutsonville; she is
the mother of sis children, four of whom
are now living. Mr. E. C. Haskett went to
school a short time in Hutsonville, but is
mainly self-educated; remained on the home-
stead till he was sixteen years old, when he en-
tered a general store in Hutsonville, clerking
there six years, and one year in Melrose,
Clark County; from there he came to Pales-
tine, and in the spring of 1852, commenced
to clerk for the Preston Bros.; in 1855, he be-
came a partner; in 1865, he and his brothers
bought out the "Preston interest, at this time
they did one of the largest business in the
State. In 1876, they dissolved partner.ship.
Mr. Haskett was married twice, his first wife
was Miss E. A. Kitchell, born December,
1827; she died in 1867, and was the mother
of four children— Catlin P., Ida B., Fanny
B. and John C. His swcond wife was Mrs.
Sarah E. Kitchell, who was born May 30,
1832, in Palestine. Her father was Dr. R.
H. Mauzy, once an officer in the Black Hawk
war; he died in 1834, in Palestine. SIi-s.
Haskett had four children — Richard H. and
Garvin, by her first husband; Edmund C.
and Sarah E., by her second husband, Mr.
Haskett opened a general store in 1880. Is
an Odd Fellow, also a member and deacon
of the Presyterian Church. Is identified
with the Democratic party.
JOHN M. L. HILL, stockman, P. O.
Palestine. Mr. Hill was born March 19,
1820, in Knox County, Ind. He is a son of
John Hill, born 1793, in North Carolina,
who died 1825, in Knox County, Ind. ; he
was a farmer, and a soldier in the war of
1812; he married Mary Clark, born 1795, in
North Carolina. She is the mother of nine
children. Our subject went to school in
Knox County, Ind., and in early life learned
the saddler and harness trade. He had a
hard time in early life. He earned his first
money by raising corn on the shares and tak-
ing it to New Orleans on a flat-boat, where
he sold it for 25 cents per bushel. After-
ward, he, in partnership with two tailors,
went into the stock business, which proved
successful. In 1845, he opened a harness
shop in Palestine, 111.; in 1854, he went into
the stock business. . From time to time he
entered land in different counties. He owns
now 717 acres of land besides town property.
Financially, our subject's life has been a suc-
cess. He was married October 8, 1846, in
La Motte Township, to Miss Jane Pm'cell,
LA MOTTE TOWNSHIP.
807
born March 24, 1824, in La Motte Township.
She is a daughter of Jonathan Purcell, a
pioneer, who was born in Virginia. Her
mother was Sarah Boatright, who was born
in Tennessee. Mr. Hill was identified with
old Whig party, but he is now a Republican.
E. B. HILL, deceased. Mr. Hill will be
remembered by many who have lived in Pales-
tine as one of the best professors of music,
especially leader and teacher of brass bands;
he was born February 22, 1825, m Liberty,
Union County, Ind. His father, Samuel
Hill, was born in Kentucky; he died in In-
diana. He was raised among the Shakers
in Ohio, and from them learned the hatter's
trade. He left the society and man'ied
Nancy Hardman, who was the mother of
eight children. Mr. E. B. Hill was educated
in Liberty, Ind. He studied medicine with
a view of becoming a physician, but being
foiled in this hope, and being , naturally in-
clined to music, he made it the object of his
life, and is well known in Eastern Indiana
and Crawford County as a competent teacher;
to the latter place he came iu 1857, and there
made the acquaintance of Miss Mary E. Mc-
Gahey, and made her his wife May 1, 1860.
She was born November 25, 1831, and was
the mother of one child, Hattie, born Janu-
ary 12, 1861 ; she died March 17, 1880. Mrs.
Hill is living in a comfortable home provided
by her late husband. Her father, Allen
McGahey, born September 6, 1797, died
August 8, 1857. His father, David McGa-
hey, came to Palestine at an early day, and
may be called a pioneer, a scholar and minis-
ter of the United Christian Church, then
called the New Light Church. He was mar-
• ried November 24, 1796. to Elizabeth Don-
nell; he died in September, 1851. Mr. Allen
McGahey was married August 7, 1828, to
Harriet Newland, born February 27, 1810,
and died October 2, 1851. Mrs. Hill has
traveled in many parts of the United
States.
LAFAYETTE HUGHES, lecturer, Pales-
tine, was born September 12, 1852. He is a
son of John Hughes, born August 14, 1803,
in South Wales. He is a son of John
Hughes, Sr. ; his occupation was that of a
puddler; he was married in the old country
to Mary Moms. They, with two of their
children, who afterward died in New Jersey,
came to Quebec, Canada, in 1832, at the
time of the first cholera in this country.
They were shipwrecked in their passage
across the ocean, while on board the Welsh
sailing ship, " King Henry V," but were res-
cued by Capt. Seward, from Sunderland. Mi-.
Hughes raised fourteen childi-en after com-
ing to this country, of whom only seven are
now living; their names are David, Victoria,
Alice, John, Edward, Lafayette and Adaline.
Mr. John Hughes is a Free- Will Baptist,
and has been identified with the Republican
party. Two of his children, Adaline, born
April 22, 1854, and Edward, born February
27, 1845, are at home taking care of the old
folks. The latter enlisted July 18, 1861, in
the Thirty-eighth Illinois Infantry Volun -
teers. Company D. He was afterward at-
tached to the light artillery, serving till the
close of the war. He was at Murf reesboro ;
in Sherman's campaign; suffered nine months
in the Southern prison pens and was dis-
charged October, 1866, in Fort Kearney,
Neb. Lafayette Hughes was educated at
the U. C. College, in Merom, Ind., was a
salesman in early life, but for the last six
years he has been a temperance lecturer, la-
boring in Iowa, Illinois, Canada, Kansas, In-
diana, Michigan and Ohio.
Z. ILIFF, farmer, P. O. Palestine, was
born July 30, 1839, in Hampshire County,
W. Va. He is a son of James Uifi". Mi\
i Z. Iliff spent most of his early life among
BIOGRAPHICAL.
strangers, being six years in Ohio. In 1866,
he came to Crawford County, where he was
joined in matrimony, May 14, 1868, to Mrs.
Margaret Barker, born July 4. 1838; she is
the daughter of William Hicks, whose father,
William Hicks, Sr., was one of the pioneers
of this county. William Hicks, Jr., mar
ried Elizabeth Montgomery, who was the
mother of four children. Mrs. Iliflf is the
mother of three children — Charles Barker,
born August 26, 1859, he died November 8,
1862, he was a son from her first husband;
Lessie,'born November 4, 1869; and Nora,
born May 8, 1874, are from her second hus-
band. On the 10th of February. 1865, Mr.
Iliff obeyed the call of Union to defend the
stars and stripes, and enlisted in the One
Hundred and Eighty fifth Ohio Infantry
Volunteers, and served till the close of the
war. Mr. IlifT is independent in politics,
and is a wideawake, well-to-do farmer, and,
together with his estimable wife, is a mem-
ber of the Methodist Episcopal Church.
D. F. JOHNSON, tile manufacturer, Rob-
inson, was born November 6, 1842, m Cham-
paign County, Ohio. He is a son of John
Johnson, born 1780, in Kentucky. He is a
machinist by occupation, and is considered
one of the pioneers of Champaign County.
He is of a long-lived race, as he is still liv-
ing, having reached the almost incredible age
of one hundred and two years. He is a
grand old man and does not seem to mind
his age much. He was married to Elizabeth
Dodson, who was born in Pennsylvania, but
who died in Ohio. She is the mother of
eleven children; nine of them are now living.
Mr. Johnson was educated in Ohio, where he
became a machinist. He was married there,
January 7, 1864, to Mary Ann Lochard, born
February 22, 1846. She is the daughter of
Isaac and Isabelle (Bothal) Lochard, who
came from the East. She is the mother of
three children — Isaac Newton, born August
17, 1865; Lily May. born July 30, 1863;
and T. T.. born October 25. 1874. Mr.
Johnson has tilled township oflSces in Ohio.
He came to Crawford County, 111., in
the fall of 1870, and has run machinery
and farmed of late years. He has made tile
and run a saw mill. He is a very indus-
trious raan; has been identified with the
Democratic party, and in 1868 he joined the
Odd Fellows fraternity, in Ohio.
J. KITCHELL, storekeeper, Palestine,
was born January 2, 1839, in Palestine; he
is a son of James H. Kitchell, born in New-
ark, N. J. He was one of the jiioneers of
Crawford County, and a merchant and farm-
er by occupation. He died in Palestine.
I His wife's maiden name was Nancy Gill,
I born February 3, 1802, died 1879. She was
the mother of thirteen children, of whom only
our subject and his sister Julia, who mar-
ried Judge J. C. Allen, are now living. Mr.
Kitchell was educated in Palestine; in early
life he clerked in a dry goods store till 1857,
when he went to Washington, D. C, where he
clerked in the House of Representatives till
1859 when he came back to Palestine and in
partnership with Judge Allen started a gen-
eral store. They continued in that about
thirteen years, when they sold out and com-
menced a hardware and agricultural business,
continuing in that till 1877, when Mr. Kitch-
ell went out of business and was elected
Township Assessor for three terms in suc-
cession. In the spring of 1881, he com-
menced to do business for J. L. Woodworth
in a hardware store. jMt. Kitchell was mar-
ried in Palestine, December 5, 1872, to Miss
R. M. Wilson, born March 29. 1844. She
has two children. Anna, born September 5,
1878; and Bessie, born March 9, 1882. Her
parents were Presly O. and Maria Kitchell
Wilson. Her father died in California; but
LA MOTTE TOWNSHIP.
300
ber mother is living in Palestine. Mr.
Kitchell is a Democrat, an^l a member of the
Presbyterian Chiu-ch. He is a good buai-
ness man.
R. H. KITCHELL, merchant, Palestine,
was born September 21, 1854, in Palestine.
His father, J. A. Kitchell, was born in
Palestine. 1824, he died in January, ISfiO.
He was a son of J. H. Kitchell, who was a
pioneer in Crawford County, living at one
time at Fort La Motte, and whose father was
a soldier in the Revloutionary war. The
mother of our subject was born May 30,
1832, in Palestine. Her father was Dr. R.
H. Mauzy, who was also an officer in the Black
Hawk war. Mr. R. H. Kitchell went to
school in Paestine, and in early life clerked
for the Haskett Bros., till they dissolved
parnership, when he commenced a grocery
business in Palestine, and through his hon-
esty and square dealing, he has built up a
good business. He was married in La Motte
Township. October 20. 1875, to Miss Amanda
Lackey, born June 16, 1854, in La Motte
Township. She is the mother of two chil-
dren— Lena, born Sejjtember 19, 1876, and
Olna, born December 5, 1877. Hor father
is Thomas Lackey, a farmer by occupation,
who was born Januarj' 3, 1822, in Kentucky.
Her mother was Ann Eliza Boatright, who
was bom in Crawford County, 111., where she
died. She was the mother of three chil-
dren. Mr. Kitchell is identitied with the Re-
publican party.
THOMAS LACKEY, farmer, P. O. Pales
tine, was bom January 3, 1824, in Clark
County. Ky. His father, John Lackey, was
also born in Kentucky. His occupation was
that of a farmer and wheelwright, manu-
factiu-ing spinning wheels. He was married
in Kentucky to Nancy Wilson, born in Ken-
tucky. She was the mother of nine children,
and died in this county. Mr. Lackev came
to this county in 1828, with his father, and
went to school here and was married, 1852,
to Miss A. E. Boatright, who died in 1862.
She was the mother of three childi-en —
Amanda, born June 16, 1854; Helen, born
September 22. 1857; and Mary, born Decem-
ber 20, 1859. Mr. Lackey was joined in
matrimony a second time in 1863, to Mrs.
Malissa Kibler, born October 12, 1824, in
this county. She is a daughter of Hudson
and Hannah (Higgins) McCorpin, and the
mother of four children — John Kibler and
Ellen Kibler were from her lirst husband;
Richard, born October 6, 1867; and Ann
Eliza, born February 9, 1865, are children
of her present husband. His two oldest chil-
dren are married, Amanda to R. H. Kitchell,
and Helen to William Walters. Mr. Lackey's
grandparents were of the Old Virginia stock,
characterized "for their known hospitality,
honesty and straightforwardness. He had a
brother in the late war. He is identified
with the Republican party, but in local
affairs he votes for the best man.
JOHN W. LEAVERTON, farmer, was
born April 14, 1840, in Greensborough, Md.
His father was John H. Leaverton, born
March 20, 1813, in Mai-yland. He died
March 17, 1852, in Ohio. He was a farmer,
and was married December 25, 1834, to Miss
Tamsey Irland, born April 5, 1815; she died
January 19, 1870, and is the mother of eight
children. Ivlr. Leaverton went to school in
Marion County, Ohio. He enlisted, Novem-
ber 7, 1861, in the Eighty-second Ohio Volun-
teer Infantry. The first battle in which he
took an active part was at Bull Run, and the
last at Bentonville. He was in sixteen hard
fought battles; was with Sherman in his
famous march to the sea, and was also a non-
commissioned officer in the army. Mr.
Leaverton was married December 5, 1867,
in Marion County, Ohio, to Miss Delilah
310
BIOGRAPHICAL:
Andrew, born November 7, 1836. Mr. Lea-
verton is respected by all who come in con-
tact with him. He has been Township
Assessor; is a Republican; is a Knight of
Honor, having occupied the office of Dicta-
tor. He is Commander of the "Alfred Harri-
son Post," No. 152, in Palestine Depart, of
111., G. A. R.; he is peculiarly fitted for this
place on account of his military knowledge;
he has organized three posts.
W. L. MAGILL, farmer, P. O. Palestine,
was born October 23, 1823, in Lincoln
County, Ky. He is a son of William Magill, '
who was born February 2S, 1788, in Virginia; '
he died in 1839. He came to this county in I
1826, and was married to Unity Gooch, who
was the mother of nine children; three ai-e
now living. His oldest brother was in the
war of 1812, participating in the battle of i
New Orleans. Our subject. Mi-. W. L. ;
Magill, went to school in Crawford County,
where he has been a stock man and farmer
all his life. He was joined in matrimony,
January 11, 1844, to Miss Elizabeth Mc-
Colpin, born January 3, 1820, in this county.
She is a daughter of Hudson and Hannah
(Cheek) McColpin, and is the mother of
eight children. Four of them are now liv-
ing: their names are Emily J., born January
3, 1846, she married E. Goodwin; Stacey A.,
born October 3, 1847, she married D. Good-
win; Martha F., born October 24,! 1853, she :
married A. Fox; and Lida, born May 15,
1861. Mr. Magill lives on a good farm, a
part of which his father bought from Alexan-
der Houston, but which was formerly owned
by George Smith, who was one of the first
settlers in this county; the other part was
entered as Government land. Mr. Magill
has filled school offices, and has been iden-
tified with the Republican party, but al-
ways votes for whom he considers the best
man.
JOHN F. MAIL, farmer, P. O. Robin-
son, was born June 16, 1846, in La Motte
Township. His father was Fredeiich Mail,
born April 15, 1803, in Knox County, lud. ;
he died February 8, 1873. He was'married
September 18, 1828, to Louisa H. McGahey,
born February 2, 1806; she died December
9, 1865, and is the mother of four children.
Her father, David McGahey, represented
Lawrence and Crawford Counties in the Sen-
ate of 1832-33, which sat at Vandalia, 111.
Frederick Mail's father was born in German-
town, Penn., and his father, who came from
Germany about 1754, and who spelled his
name Mehl, got his naturalization papers in
1761, under King George, against whom he
fought afterward in the Revolutionary war.
Mr. J. F. Mail was educated in Palestine,
and at the Union Christian College in Merom;
he clerked two years in Palestine, farmed
aftRrward, and was married, November 17,
1868, to Miss'Ella M. Murrell, born Septem-
ber 2, 1847, in Clinton County, Ohio. She
is a daughter of Alexander and Amanda (Pen
■quite) Murrell; her grandmother's maiden
name was Jane Cummings. Mi's. Mail is the
mother of four children, Frederich M., bom
October 4. 1869; Elmer B., bom April 28,
1871; Bessie Leota, born December 20, 1872,
she died September 13, 1873 ; and Medford
B., born January 2, 1874. Mr. Mail is an
intelligent, wide-awake farmer; a member of
the Presbyterian Church, and has been iden
tified with the Democratic party.
M. MAIL, farmer, P. O. Palestine, first
beheld the light of this world in the year
1857, in La Motte Township, Crawford
County. His father, Isaac D. Mail, was
born in 1832. He was a farmer by occupa-
tion, and his father, Frederick Mail, was
born in 1803, a blacksmith by trade, and a
pioneer of Crawford County. He was joined
in matrimony to Louisa H. McGahey, born
LA MOTTE TOW-NSHir.
311
in 1806. Her father was one of the pioneers
of Crawford County, and she is the mother
of four children. Mr. Isaac D, Mail was
married to Mary E. Boatright, who was born
in Crawford County, and is the mother of
seven children. Our subject went to school
in Crawford County and Carboudale, 111. He
has been a farmer all his life, and was joined
in matrimony, in Crawford County, 111.,
October 3, 1877, to Miss Sarah J. Reavill,
born January 9, 1857, in Crawford County.
She is a daughter of Andrew J. and Martha
A. (Seaney) Reavill, who were both bom in
Crawford County, 111. Mrs. Mail in the
mother of two children living. Avis Faith,
born October 13, 1879, and Aubrey, born
May 13, 1881. Mr. Mail can trace his an-
cestors back to one of his great -great- grand-
fathers, who spelled his name Mehl, and who
came from Germany. In politics, our subject
is identified with the Democratic party.
A. MALONE, M. D., Palestine, was born
March 20, 1819, in Gibson County, Ind. He
is a son of James Malone, born 1792, in
Woodford County, Ky. He was a farmer
by occupation. He died . 1877, in Owens-
ville, Ind. The maiden name of his wife
was Christina Hunter, who died in Owens-
ville, Ind. She was the mother of five chil-
dren now living. Our subject went to school
in Owensville, bat is mainly self-educated.
He finished his medical education at the
Ohio Medical College at Cincinnati. Mr.
Malone clerked in early life at Princeton and
Owensville, Ind. About five years after that,
he commenced to teach school; he taught
one year in Gibson County, Ind. , and almost
three years in Hamilton and White Counties,
111. After that, he took np the study of
medicine, and continued it till he graduated
in 1846, when ho went to Albion, 111., where
he practiced almost two years, and a little
longer than that in Lawrenceville, 111. Mr.
Malone came to Palestine in 1850, where he
has made his home ever since, keeping a
general store and drugs, as well as following
his profession. In politics, Mr. Malone is
neutral; he has not voted since he helped to
elect Abraham Lincoln. He has been mar- .
ried twice; the first time, December, 1842,
near Albion, 111., to Miss E. Fisher, born
1819, and died 1861, in Palestine. She was
the mother of three children living — Alva
C, now married; Rosaline, also married, and
Abraham Lincoln. Mr. Malone mai-ried
again, December 16, 1862, in Akron, Ohio,
to Miss A. M. Bisbee, born in Union Mills,
Ind. She has one son, Percy B. , born July
13, 1870. Oui- subject is known as a gentle-
man and a scholar. He is the author of
" Bible Religion," and " The Age to Come;"
both meritorious works; he has also been a
contributor to the Cincinnati Gazette, and
three other political papers. Is a contributor
to the Medical Times, Chicago, the Medical
Recorder, Cincinnati, and the American
Journal of Medicine, Cincinnati. Has con-
tributed to the following religious papers:
Prophetic Watchman, Howard, 111., the
Gospel Banner, Geneva, 111., the Herald of
the Coming Kingdom, Chicago, and the
Restitution, Plymouth, Ind. His present
wife was educated by our late President,
James A. Garfield, at Hiram College, Ohio.
WILLIAM MARTIN, miller and lumber-
man, Palestine, was born March 19, 1841,
grandson of John Martin, from Kentucky,
who came here 1810, when the country was
in a wild state, and the forest was filled with
wild beasts and wilder men. His son,
Hezekiah Martin, was joined in matrimony to
Nancie McColpin, who was the mother of a
large-family, of whom William, oiu- subject,
was the youngest. He was educated in this
county, where he was also married December
28, 1871, to Miss Sarah Netbery, born 1844;
312
BIOGRAPHICAL:
she died October 28, 1882. She was a
daughter of John and Margaret (Crawford)
Nethery, who, with their daughter, were
born in Ireland. Mrs. Martin was the
mother of three children, of whom two are
now living — John O., born March 10, 1873,
and Rosalie, born April 24, 1878. Mr. Mar-
tin's occupation in early life was that of an
engineer in his father's mill, of which he
took possession about 1870. He connected a
woolen mill with it, which may be said to
have been the only industry in the township,
Mrs. Martin was a member of the Presbyte-
rian Chm'ch. Mr. Martin was rocked iu the
Democratic cradle, and therefore has been
identified with that party. He is now en-
gaged in the lumber business in Palestine.
DR. J. A. MARTIN, physician, Pal-
estine, was born January 1, 1856, in Barren
County, Ky. His father, F. M. Martin, is
a carpenter b^' occupation; he was born Feb-
ruary 26, 1831, in Kentucky. He was mar-
ried, in Barren County, Ky., December 12,
1853, to Miss Mary Jane Newberry, born
February, 1834, in Kentucky. She is the
mother of foui- children — James A., Winfield
Scott, Joseph T. and John W. Mr. J. A.
Martin came to Palestine in 1864, wiih his
father; went to school there, and at the age of
fourteen he commenced to clerk in a general
store, continued in that till he was seventeen;
for the next three years, he attended the vil-
lage Bchool, and in the fall of 1876 he went
to Cincinnati, where he attended lectures in
the Medical College. In the spring of 1877,
he came home and read medicine with Dr.
Rafferty for eighteen months. In October,
1878, he again attended the Medical College
of Ohio, in Cincinnati, and graduated Feb-
ruary 28, 1879. Since then he has practiced
most of his time in Palestine. Dr. Martin
is a young man who deserves a great deal of
credit in fitting himself for his present posi-
tion. He is a Knight of Honor, and a mem-
ber of Crawford County Medical Association.
Is a Democrat in politics.
JAMES A. MAXWELL, Pincipal of
Schools in Palestine, 111., was born Novem-
ber 8, 1837, in Blount County, Tenn. His
lather, James N. Maxwell, was born in the
same State and county, August 15, 1809. The
father was a farmer, and supported himself
and family by constant daily toil in the culti-
vation of the soil. Being too poor to pur-
chase a farm for himself in the old and well
improved tate of his birth, where land was
worth from $50 to $75 per acre, he concluded
to emigrate Westward, where he, with a few
hundred dollar's, accumulated by industiy
and frugality, could buy land for himself
and boys. Crawford County, 111., was final-
ly selected as his place of destination and
future home, to which he, with his family,
in the fall of 1849, in two two-horse wagons,
joiu'neyed. He entered a tract of land con-
taining about three hundred acres, at Con-
gress prices, lying two miles west of the
village of Flat Bock, in Honey Creek Town-
ship, which, after many years' hard toil, he
cleared and improved as it now is, and where
he finally died in the year 1865, January 28,
at the age of fifty-six. The maiden name of
his wife was Dickson. She was born Febru-
aiy 18, 1808, in the same State and county
as her husband, and died June 25, 1863, at
her home in Honey Creek Township. The
parents lived to raise nine children, five soqs
and four daughters, all of whom are dead at
thia writing except the second son, John G.,
and the third, James A., the subject of this
biography. James A. Maxwell is, for the
most part, a self-educated man. When fif-
teen years of age, he was very desirous of a
good education. The opportunities for edu-
cating at that time in the West were few. A
few log schoolhouses, suiTounded with hazel
LA MOTTE TOWNSHIP.
3ia
brush for shade, were scattered over the
coanty. Subscription schools were main-
tained for only two or three months dui-ing
the year. The schools were what we call
loud, and could be heard a mile or two read-
ing and singing their spelling lessons, which
were the principal branches taught then.
Text-books were very scarce, inferior, and ob-
tained from a distance only. But in the
face of all these unfavorable opportunities,
young Maxwell, without money and teacher,
having nothing but his time, will, family
fireside and a few books, commenced a course
of study in the common branches of an Eng-
lish education. This he continued for three
consecutive years, during which time he ac-
quired a general knowledge of English
grammar, geography, arithmetic, history,
philosophy and the rudiments of Latin, with
but very little assistance, which he obtained
occasionally from a clergyman living six
miles distant, ^\'hen scarcely seventeen, he
taught his first school, on the subscription
plan, and accoi'ding to the old flint-lock sys-
tem, during the winter of which term the
law was passed by the Illinois Legislature
establishing our free system of public schools.
By its provisions, it became necessary for
teachers to pass an examination in seven
branches, and thus secure a teacher's certifi-
cate, which young Maxwell did, having been
examined by Dr. (now Judge) Eobb, of Rob-
inson. When, in 1857, an academy of learn-
ing was instituted at Palestine, young Max-
well entered that school at its commencement,
and completed an academical coiu-se there.
Owing to bad health, he was unable to re-
sume his studies* at college. He then em-
ployed his time in teaching, and has, for the
most part, been following that profession for
twenty-three years in Crawford County,
principally at Robinson, Hutsonville and
Palestine; at the latter of which places he
now resides, being Principal of the public
schools there. Our subject was mamed,
April 12, 1860, at Palestine, to Mary V.
Harper, bom August 5, 1842, at the place of
her maiTiage, and is the daughter of John
B. and Abigail Harper. Mi-, and Mi-s. Max-
well have three childi-en — two daughters,
Alice C, aged twenty years, and Edna B.,
aged ten years, and one boy, Frank N., aged
two years. He was in politics a Republican
until the close of our civil war, since which
time he has been neutral, but seldom exer-
cising his right of suffrage. He is now
identified with the temperance cause, and is
a worker for the cause of prohibition. He
is a member of the Presbyterian Church and
an active Sabbath school worker, seeking the
moral, social and intellectual advancement
of all with whom he comes in contact. Is a
member of the Knights of Honor, and in
good standing in that order.
MRS. DORCAS McGAHEY, Palestine,
bom August 21, 1838, in La Motte Town-
ship. She is a daughter of Ethan Walters,
who was born in Ohio, and who died August
13, 1859. He was a farmer by occupation.
He married Mai-guerette Brimberry, who was
born November 19, 1819, in Kentucky, and
who is the mother of nine children; four of
them are now living. Mrs. McGahey went
to school in Palestine, and was married
March 21, 185-t, to James A. McGahey, born
March 15, 1830; he died December 21, 1871.
His grandfather was a minister, and one of
the first settlers in the county. Mr. J. A.
McGahey went to school in Palestine ; he has
been a farmer all his life; has voted the
Democratic ticket; has tilled school offices,
and is the father of five children. Their
names are Charles A., born January 10, 1857;
Frederick E., born October 30, 1859; Lucy
E., born October 4, 1861 ; Maggie A., August
28, 1864 (she died July 30, 1870); and
314
BIOGRAPHICAL:
James O., born April 27, 1870. Mrs. Mc-
Gahey and her daughter Luoy are intelligent,
hospitable and respected by all with whom
they come in contact. They are members of
the Methodist Church. Mrs. McGahey owns
a comfortable home and a farm of 360 acres;
her prosperity is due chiefly to her own energy
and wise management. The largest part of
her farm was once owned by George Bathe,
Sr. , who sold it to Allen McGahey.
R. P. McGAHEY, farmer, P. O. Robin-
son, was born June 21, 1846, on the old
homestead in La Motte Township. He is a
son of Allen McGahey, born September 6,
1797; be died 1857; he was the first Coroner
in this county, and was married to Miss Har-
riet Newland. born February 27, IBIO; she
died October 2. 1851. David McGahey, who
was the grandfather of our subject, married
Elizabeth Donnell; he was one of the first
settlers in this county, and died in Septem-
ber, 1851. Our subject went to school in
Palestine, and has been a farmer all his life.
He answered the call of his country to de-
fend the stars and stripes, and enlisted in
the spring of 1865, in the One Hundred and
Fifty-second Infantry Volunteers, Company
H, and served till the close of the war. He
was married, February 27, 1869, to Miss
Maggie Van Horn, born June 2, 1848, in
Ohio. She is the daughter of Joseph and
Parthenia (Moor) Van Horn, and the mother
of the following children: Allen, born No-
vember 25, 1871; John "W., born February
7, 1873 (he died September 16, 1873); and
Ralph, born December 9, 1875. Mr. Mc-
Gahey is a Knight of Honor; a Democrat in
politics, and a member of the " Alfred Harri-
son Post," No. 152, in Palestine Depart., 111.,
G. A. R.
D. B. MILLS, blacksmith, Palestine, was
born August 4, 1885, in Muskingum County,
Ohio. His father was James Mills, a farmer
by occupation; he died in Ohio. He was
joined in matrimony to Eliza Wright, born
1807, inZanesville, Ohio. She died 1875, in
Wells County, Ind. , and was the mother of
nine children. Mr. Mills went to school in
Allen County, Ind. ; he served his apprentice-
shija in Fort Wayne, Ind.; after that he
rambled for some two years. April 26, 1858,
he came to Palestine, and has called that place
home ever since, following his trade. One
season he ran a woolen factory. He enlisted,
August 12, 1862, in the Ninety-eighth Illinois
Infantry Volunteers, Company E; his regi-
ment was mounted during the second year of
service. He was mustered out June 27, 1865,
at Nashville, Tenn. After the war, he came
back to Palestine, where he has followed his
trade, and was married November 8, 1864,
while home on a furlough, to Miss C. P.
Griffith, a distant relative of ex-President
Franklin Pierce. She was born April 30,
1841, and died October 31, 1868; she was
the mother of one child, living, named
Pierce, born October 21, 1868. Mr. Mills
was married a second time, December 5, 1872,
in Adams County, Ohio, to Miss T. E. Mc-
Colm, born February 18, 1842; she died De-
cember 14, 1878. She is a daughter of John
and Hannah (Beech) McColm; her grand-
parents came from Ireland in 1795; they
were robbed on the high sea by pirates, sup-
posed to have been French privateers, and
were landed in the United States in a very
destitute condition, even hatless and coatless.
Mrs. McColm is the mother of one boy, named
Orville, born January 7, 1875. Mr. Mills
has traveled extensively in the United States,
having been in twenty- four States.
MRS. E. A. PATTON, Palestine. This
lady, who is respected by every one who en-
joys her acquaintance, was born December 6,
1817, in Palestine. She is the daughter of
William Wilson, one of the old pioneers.
LA MOTTE TOWNSHIP.
315
and first Postmaster in Palestine. He was
born April 4, 1790, and died February 12,
1850; he was a magistrate for somo years,
and also served in the Legislature. He was
joined in matrimony, January 15, 1817, in
Harrison. Ohio, to Miss E. Kitchell, born
November 19, 1799, in New Jersey. She died
February 6, 1859, in'Palestine; she was the
mother of fifteen children, of whom our sub"
ject is the oldest. Mrs. Patton went to school
in Palestine, where she was married, De
cember 31, 1835, to Dr. E. L. Patton, born
November 31, 1809, in Tennessee. He was
educated in Washington College, Tenn. ;
followed his profession in Palestine till his
death, December 30, 1862; filled several
county offices, and is the father of twelve
children, of whom W. R Patton is the old-
est. He was born October 14, 1836 ; was edu-
cated in Palestine, Hanover and Chicago; at
the latter place he graduated in the Medical
Department; is now a physician in Charles-
ton, 111. The second son, CuUen M., is a
merchant in Robinson. The third son, Allen
M., was killed in the battle of Murfrees-
boro, Tenn., on the same day that his
father died in Palestine. The youngest
daughter, Hannah May, is teaching in
Charleston, 111. The oldest daughter, Nancie
A. , has a millinen,- stoi-e in Olney. The other
chikh-en — Martha, Mar}', Emily J. , John and
Carroll, who is married — are living in or near
Palestine. Mrs. E. A. Patton is a zealous
worker in the Presbyterian Church, of which
she is a member. A residence built by Dr.
Patton is her present home. Her sister Jane
is living with her.
FINDLEY PAULL, retired merchant, Pal-
estine, was born in Fayette County, Penn.,
February 26, 1809. His father was James
PauU, born 1781, in Fayette County, Penn. ;
he died there in June, 1S56. His occupation
was that of a farmer and iron manufacturer,
running several furnaces; he was one of the
most prominent men in his county. Mr.
James Paull was married three times, and
our subject is the oldest son of fourteen chil-
dren. His mother's maiden name was Han-
nah Jackson, born in Fayette County, Penn.,
where she died. Both grandfathers and
great-grandfathers of our subject were in the
Revolutionary army. His grandfather on his
father's side was in Crawford's defeat in
Ohio, where he had to flee for his life, being
out in the wilderness eight days; he was
made Colonel afterward. Slover, the noted
scout, escaped with him. Mr. Paull went to
school in Fayette County, Penn. At the age
of fifteen, he commenced to clerk for his un-
cle in Wheeling, W. Va. In 1835, he, in
partnership with his uncle, whom he bought
out after five years, opened a general store
in Palestine, 111. The same year, Mr. Paull
went back to Wheeling, W. Va., where he was
married, October 15, to Miss Ann M. Bay-
less, born 1811, in Steubenville, Ohio: she
died in Palestine, October, 1877. She was a
daughter of John C. Bayless, a merchant.
Mr. Paull has five children living; their
names are Ellen, Fanny, Anna, James T.
and William O. ; two other boys are dead.
His three daughters and youngest son are
married. Mr. Paull was married a second
time, June 15, 1880, in York, Clark Co., III.,
to Mrs. E. Gorham, the widow of Dr. C. Gor-
ham. Mr. Paull is much respected by his
fellow-men; has been an Elder in the Pres-
byterian Church for forty-seven years; is
identified with the Republican party, but
believes the Prohibition party should be the
party in power; he is a good temperance
worker.
Z. A. PEARCE, farmer, P. O. Palestine,
was born March 4, 1829, in Warren County,
Ind. He is a great-grandson of Thomas
Pearce, who came from New York. He was
316
BIOGRAPHICAL:
a brave soldier in the Revolutionary war,
where he fought for independence under the
illustrious George Washington. Thomas
Pearce married a Miss Barnes; their son
John married Elizabeth Steward, and their
son Lemuel B. married Anna Hurley, who
was a daughter of Zadock and Lilis (Camp-
bell) Hurley, and who is the mother of eight
children, of whom only our subject and his
brother John are now living. Mr. Z. A.
Pearce was educated in Fountain County,
Ind. In early life he was engaged in the
mercantile business, and in 1851, in company
with his father, he came to this county,
where be was joined in matrimony, June 3,
1852, to Miss Louisa J. Wilhite, born Sep-
tember 18, 1833, on La Motte Prairie. She
is a daughter of Enoch and Mary (Myers)
Wilhite, of whom the former was born in
Virginia, and the latter in Kentucky. Mrs.
Pearce is the mother of six children; four
are now living — Ora, born February 23,
1853; Eva and Ida are twins, they were bom
November 26, 1856; and William C, born
May 4, 1864. Mrs. Pearce is an amiable
Christian woman, who, with her husband, is
a member of the Union Christian Church.
Mr. Pearce has a line farm of 390 acres. He
is a radical temperance man, and is identified
with the Republican party.
T. J. PIFER, stockman and farmer, P. O.
Palestine. This gentleman was born August
14, 1844, on La Motte Prairie. His father, E.
S. Pifer, was born March 1, 1816, near Har-
per's Fen-y, Va. ; he died November 10,
1849. He was an industrious farmer, coming
to this county in an early day, where be was
married, December 30, 1840, to Jane S.
Walker, born February 18, 1817, in Fayette
County, Ohio, she is still living. The grand-
parents of our subject were John and Mar-
garet Pifer, born respectively June 13, 1784,
and March 8, 1789. Mr. T. J. Pifer went to
school in this county, and after the war com-
menced his heart was stirred with patriotic
zeal and a desire to save the stars and
stripes. He enlisted August 2, 1862, in the
Ninety-eighth Illinois Infantry Volunteers,
Company E, which was afterward mounted.
He was under fire twenty-three times; he
served till the close of the war, when he
came home, and was joined in matrimony,
February 21, 1867, to Miss Eliza Walters,
born December 23, 1850, in this county. She
is a daughter of Jacob and Stacy (McCorpin)
^\' alters, and is the mother of four children
living — Maggie R., born Dacember 16,
1867; Edward E., born October 2, 1869;
Luther L., born August 17, 1874; and Arthur
D., born October 2, 1880. Mr. and Mrs.
Pifer are members of the Union Christian
Church; he has traveled extensively; is a
Republican; a Knight of Honor, and mem
ber of the " Alfred Harrison Post," of Pales-
tine Depart, 111., G. A. R.
L. S. PIFER, farmer, P. O. Palestine,
was born on La Motte Prairie November 16,
1852. He is a son of Joseph Pifer, born
September 24, 1819, in Virginia; he was
married August 25, 1842, to Margaret Wal-
ker, born January 23, 1822, in Ohio. Oui-
subject was educated in this county, where
he was joined in matrimony, March 25, 1879,
to Miss Mary A. Cooley, born February 2,
1859. She is a daughter of William R, and
Elizabeth (Myei's) Cooley, and is the mother
of one child, Medford O., born December 20,
1879. Mrs. Pifer is a lady who believes in
making home cheerful and haj^py, and is a
member of the Union Chirstian Church. Mr.
Pifer is an energetic, enterprising young
farmer, not behind his neighbors in any re-
spect; he has been identified with the Re-
publican party.
ROBERT PLUNKETT, farmer and stock-
man, P. O. Hutsonville, was bom October 4,
LA MOTTE TOWNSHIP.
317
1828, in Shelby County, Ky. He is a de-
scendant of a Lord Plunkett, who is connect-
ed with the history of Ireland, where his
estates were, and becoming involved in her
political affairs with England, he had to flee
for his life, and settled in Virginia. His
son, Jesse, who is the grandfather of our sub-
ject, removed to the dark and bloody grounds
of Kentucky, where he participated in the
border warfare with the red man of the
woods, and married a Miss Moseley; they
reared a large family. One of the boys,
named Robert, married Nancie Hartley,
daughter of Daniel and Rebecca Hartley,
and the mother of thirteen children. Abra-
ham, one of the boys, was killed at the battle
of Stone River, Tenn. Our subject was edu-
cated in Indiana, where his father had re-
moved in 1833; from there he went to the
Mexican war, in 1846, and participated in
the battle of Buena Vista. He was married,
August 19, 1847, in Montgomery County, Ind.,
to Christina Andrews, daughter of John and
Nancie Andrews, who came from Ohio. She
is the mother of four children now living:
John M.. was married twice; is the father of
one little boy, named Rollin A.; he is a min-
ister of the Union Christian Church, receiv-
ing his theological education at Merom,
Ind. His brother, Robert A., born August
19, 1850, was educated in the same college;
he is now engaged in the insurance busi-
ness; Nancie A., wife of Asa Eckard, a tiller
of the soil in this counM', he is the father of
Anna, Josephine and Henrietta; Henry S.
L., born February 27, 1860. Mrs. Phinkett
is a member of the Methodist Episcopal
Church; her daughter belongs to the Chris-
tian Chui-ch. Mr. Plunkett enlisted, 1861,
for the three years' term, in the Thirty-
eighth Illinois Infantry ] Volunteers, Com-
pany D, as Second Lieutenant. He was
afterward detailed to Gen. Jefferson C.
Davis' staff, of the Union army. He partic-
ipated in many thrilling scenes and battles.
He came to this county in 1858. He and his
boys have about four hundred acres of tine
land; they pay a gi-eat deal of attention to
stock raising, and iu political affairs are
identified with the Republican party. Mr.
Plunkett has tilled school offices.
T. N. RAFFERTY, physician, Palestine.
The subject of this sketch was born June 12,
1846, in Springville, Lawi-ence Co., Ind.
His father was M. C. Rafferty, born 1816.
near Covington, Ky, a merchant in Spring-
ville, who was joined in matrimony to Mary
S. Benedict, born 1823, in Nicholasville, Ky.
She was the mother of three children — Theo-
dore N., MollieE., Malcolm E. Oui- sitb-
ject, Theodore N., went to school in Spring-
ville, Ind. In early life, he clerked in his
father's store, and, after attending the State
Universitj at Bloomington, he taught school
three years, but' during that time he took a
commercial course at Indianapolis, where he
graduated. At an early age, he became im-
bued with a thirst for medical knowledge,
and in the winter of 1867-68 he entered the
Medical Department at Ann Arbor, Mich.
He finished his medical studies iu the Ohio
Medical College at Cincinnati, where he
graduated in the spring of 1869. He went
back to his old home and practiced medicine
one year; in the spring of 1870, he came to
Palestine, where he follows his profession.
Mr. Rafferty has served his township in the
capacity of Township Supervisor for two
years. He also filled school offices. He was
married, at Palestine, October, 1827, to Miss
Sadie E. Donnell, born iu Palestine, March
12, 1849. She is the mother of three chil-
dren, living — Pearl, born December 8, 1873;
Herbert N., born September 22,1878, and
Glen A. born February 19, 1881. Her father,
Dennis Donnell, was one of the pioneers of
318
BIOGRAPHICAL:
this county. The maiden name of her
mother is Eliza Netherton. Our subject is a
member of the county Medical Association,
a Knight of Honor, a member the Escula-
pian Society of the Wabash Valley, and also
a member of the Tri-State Medical Society.
J. C. EANEY, farmer, P. O. Palestine,
was born in Greene County, Ohio, November
8, 1836. He is a son of James Raney, who
was born July 22, 1789, in Berkeley County,
Va., who was a farmer by occupation. In
the year 1812, he obeyed the call of his coun-
try, and fought for American rights and free-
dom; he died in 1864; he was joined in
matrimony to Miss Martha Siler, born Sep-
tember 5, 1794, in Berkeley County, Va.,
who was the mother of ten children. Our
subject went to school in Greene County,
Ohio, where he farmed afterward. He was
married there, also, October 12, 1863, to Miss
Charlotte M. Archer, born December 10,
1842, in Washington County, Penn. She is
the daughter of Ebenezer Archer, born 1806,
in West Virginia, near Steubenville, whose
occupation was that of a tiller of the soil, and
whose father came from Scotland. Her
mother was Marguerette McCrea, born 1807,
near Steubenville, Ohio. Mr. Raney has
been identified with the Republican party,
but is now strongly in favor of the Prohibi-
tion party. He has three children, Albert I.,
bom November 25, 1864, in Greene County,
Ohio; Marguerette E., born December 29,
1866. in Greene County, Ohio; Ai-cher Rus-
sell, born July 1, 1873, near Palestine. In
•the spring of 1867, Mi-. Raney came to Craw-
ford County, 111., where he had bought 200
acres of land the year before, lived on it
seven years, when he sold out and bought the
David Lagow farm, situated just west of
Palestine. Mr. Raney is a useful member
of the community in which he lives; he is
an Elder of the Presbyterian Church, of
which body his wife is also a member. She
is also known as a good Sunday school
worker.
JOHN RICHEY, farmer, P. O. Palestine,
was born in County Derry, Ii-eland. He is a
son of Andrew Richey, who was born and
died in the same country. There were eight
children in the family. Mr. J. Richey was
educated mostly in Ireland. He has been a
fai-mer all his life. He came to the United
States in the fall of 1858, settling in Greene
County, Ohio. He came to this county in
1868, where he was joined in matrimony the
following year to Miss Sarah A. Fox, born
January 26, 1840, in this county. She is a
daughter of John and Emeline (McGahey)
Fox, and is the mother of the following chil-
di-en; Abbie J., born July 13, 1871; Will-
iam O., born October 10, 1873; James C,
born April 11, 1876; Freddie F., born Sep-
tember 24, 1878; and David A, born October
12, 1881. Mr. Richey, through his honesty,
frugality and industry, has become the pos-
sessor of a nice farm of 227 acres of land,
on which he has good buildings. He has
been identified with the Republican party,
is an honored citizen of the community in
which he resides, and, with his wife, is a
member of the United Presbyterian Church.
JAMES RICHEY, farmer, P. O. Pales-
tine, was born in County Derry, Ireland. His
father, Andi'ew Richey, was born and died in
County Derry, Ireland. Our subject went to
school mainly in Ii-eland. His occupation is
that of a farmer. He came to the United
States in 1861, settling in Cedarville, Ohio.
He finally came to Illinois, where he was
joined in matrimony, November 26, 1874,
to Miss Emma L. Miller, born December 29,
1854, in this county. She is the daughter of
Hem-y H. and Luna CWTieeler) Miller, and
the mother of three children — Flora J., born
September 28, 1875, Luna B., born August
LA MOTTE TOWNSHIP.
319
2, 1877, and Harry, born September 28,
1880. Mr. Richey is a quiet, unassuming
gentleman; the owner of a nice farm, with
good buildings, and also tlie architect of his
own fortune. He is a Eepublican. Mrs.
Richey is a member of the Methodist Episco-
pal Church; her uncle, J. E. Miller, was a
First Lieutenant in the army.
A. SALESBERRY, merchant, Palestine,
first beheld the light of this world May 1,
1834, in La Motte Township, Crawford Co.,
111. His father was James Salesberry, who
was born, 1810, in Virginia, a farmer by oc-
cupation. He came to Palestine at an early
age. and for awhile ran a ferry across the
"Wabash River. He died in 18-18. His
wife's maiden name was Elizabeth Harden,
born in 1805, in Kentuckj-. She died in
1879 in La Motte Township. She was the
mother of five children. Our subject went to
school in Merom, Ind.; was a farmer in early
life. In 1875, in partnership with A. J.
Plough, he started a general store in Hut-
sonville; continued in that till 1880, when
they dissolved partnership, and, after divid-
ing the stock, Mr. Salesberry came to Pales-
tine, where he opened a general store. Our
subject has been married three times. His
first wife was Sarah Mackey, who was born
in Kentucky, and died in La Motte Town-
ship. She had three children — Andrew C,
Ida Bell and Anna. His second wife was
Miss Sarah Stratton, born in Crawford
County, died in Hutsonville. She was the
mother of one child named Lucy. His third
wife was Mrs. P. A. Hasselbach, who was
born in 1829, in Kentucky; her father was a
farmer in Indiana. Mr. Salesberry has been
connected with the Democratic party. He is
a member of the Christian Church.
J. R. SMITH, farmer, P. O. Palestine,
was born in Fayette County, Ky. He is a
sou of W. B. Smith, who was born in the
same place, and who married a Miss Casey,
born March 28, 1772. She is the mother of
twelve children, and is now living at Mat-
toon, aged one hundred and ten years. The
grandfather of our subject was a Judge of the
Circiiit Court at Logausport, Ind., when he
was one hundred and two years old; he died
at the age of one hundred and fifteen. This
proves that oiu' subject is of a long-lived
family. He was married, 1854, in Bartholo-
mew County, Ind., to Miss Nancie Chields,
who was born in the same place, and who
is the mother of the following children:
Oscar, Finley, Joe, Harry, Amanda, Eme-
line, Martha I. and Rose Bell. Mr. Smith is
independent in politics; his father was a
soldier in the Black Hawk war.
DANIEL STONER, farmer, P. O. Hut-
sonville, was born January 1, 1810, in Freder-
ick County, Md. His father, William
Stoner, married Elizabeth Garber, who was
the mother of nine children. Mr. Stoner
went to school in Maryland; from there he
went to Ohio, where he was joined in matri-
mony, March 3, 1832, to Esther Pfoutz, born
December 10, 1809, in Maryland. She is a
daughter of Samuel and Rebecca (Rinehart)
Pfoutz, and is the mother of six children
now living — Samuel P., born March 21,
1835; William H,, born July 25, 1838; Mary
E., born April 14, 1840; Jessie C, born July
19, 1844; ChloeS.,born October 1, 1848; and
Lloyd R., born September 7, 1855. Mr. and
Mrs. Stoner are members of the German
Baptist Church, of which he is a deacon and
an exemplary member. He has a nice farm.
Is a Republican.
S. G. SWEARINGEN, farmer, P. O.
Duncanville, who is the personification of
good humor and kindness, was'born January
8, 1807, in Ohio. He is a son of Thomas V.
Swearingen, a merchant by occupation, who
was born December 19, 1779, in Virginia,
BIOGRAPHICAL:
and who died September 29, 1863. He was
joined in matrimony, April 6, 1806, to Miss
Theodosia Good ale, born February 25, 1785.
She died April 6, 183&, and was the mother
of six children. Ottr subject's ancestors
were of French and Holland descent, and he
can date his family back as far as the begin-
ning of the seventeenth century. He was
educated in Chillicothe, Ohio, and in early
life clerked for his father: afterward he
learned the tanner's trade, which he followed
till 1851, when he came to Crawford County,
111., where he has been a farmer ever since.
Mr. Swearingen was married to Miss Sarah
N. Colwell, born December 19, 1808, in
Pennsylvania. She died May 20. 1871,
and she is the mother of four children, as
follows: Lincoln G., who died near Vicks-
burg, while in the army: Sally C, deceased;
Cynthia, deceased: Theodore P., born No-
vember 16, 1848, he is now married. Mr.
Sweai'ingen was married a second time, No-
vember 28, 1872, to Mi's. C. A. Cunningham,
born April 15, 1830, she is a daughter of W.
J. and Amelia Crews, and the mother of thi-ee
children, from her lirst husband. The chil-
dren are all married, and their names are
Thomas H, William O. and Charles A. Mr.
and Mrs. Swearingen are members of the
Methodist Chiu-ch.
CAPT. G. B. SWEET, painter, Palestine,
was born September 20, 1835, in Cincinnati,
Ohio, where he went to school. He is a son
of W. M. Sweet, born in Fauquier County,
Va., a machinist by occupation: he mai-ried
Mary A. Goldsmith, who is the mother of
two children. In early life, Mr. Sweet
boated for some years on the Ohio; then
learned the carpenter trade in Indiana; after-
ward he clerked in the railroad contractor's
'of&ce at Tipton, Ind. In 1853. he came to
Palestine, where he clerked for O. H. Bristol
& Co.. for over two years. Having learned
the painter's trade, he followed it till Septem-
ber 3, 1862, when he enlisted as private in
the Ninety-eighth Illinois, Company E.
During the wai', through his bravery and
good conduct, he rose to the rank of A. A. A.
General, holding the rank of Brevet Captain
imder Gen. A. O. Miller. The Ninety-eighth
Illinois, as is well known, did some of the
heaviest fighting during the war. It was in
fifty-six engagements: in all of which Capt.
Sweet participated except one. He was
wounded only once. He was mustered oat of
the service near Springfield, July 6, 1865,
when he came to Palestine to follow his
trade. He was married in Palestine, Feb-
raary, 1855. to Miss C. J. Alexander, born
1835, died Deci^mber, 1876, in same place.
Her father, Dr. H. Alexander, was a pioneer
of this county, a member of the Legislature
and County Judge; he was a native of Ken-
tucky. He married Julia Kitchell, a daiigh-
ter of Judge Kitchell. Mr. Sweet has three
childi-en living — Edmund C. , born Decem-
ber. 1856; Janella, born January, 1862; Ii'a,
born September 21. 1866. He is a Presby-
terian, a Democrat and a member of the
" Alfred Harrison Post." No. 152. G. A. R.
Dept. of 111. He holds the office of " Officer
of the Day. "
N. VANE, Postmaster, Palestine, was born
September 24, 1827. in Brown County, Ohio.
He is a son of Arthur Vane, who came to
Palestine in 1831. He was a farmer by oc-
cupation, and was born March 24, 1796; he
died in New Hebron, Crawford Co., 111., in
1860. He married Eleanor Blair, a second
cousin of Gen. Frank P. Blair; she is the
mother of nine children. Mr. Vane went to
school in Palestine. He farmed till he was
of age, and then learned the cooper trade in
Terre Haute, Ind. He followed his trade
till 1864; he then commenced to clerk in a
drug store in Palestine; after that he was in
LA MOTTE TOWNSHIP.
321
different business till 1877, when be became
Postmaster of Palestine; has caiTied on the
office ever since, together with a stock of
drugs and medicine. He was mairied, Au-
gust 31, 1851, near Palestine, to Miss Julia A.
Wheeler, bom April 22, 1834, in Rutland,
Vt. She is a daughter of Leonard Wheeler,
a farmer, who died in Crawford County; her
mother was Elizabeth Wittmore, who was
born in Massachusetts. Mr. Vane has two
children living — Arthur, born November 6,
1852, and Flora, born July 13, 1856. Mr.
Vane's two brothers died in the army. Mr.
Vane enjoys the esteem of his fellow- men.
He and his wife are members of the Method-
ist Episcopal Church; he is a supporter of
the Republican party.
MRS. SABRA WALKER, farmer, P. O.
Palestine, was born April 15, 1829, in Law-
rence County, 111. She is a daughter of
James Vermillion; he married Catharine
Woodworth, who was the mother of seven
childi-en. Mr. Vermillion died November
25, 1834. Our subject went to school in
Lawrence County, 111. She was joined in
matrimony. May 7, 1850, to Charles S. Wal-
ker, born July 20. 1825, in Ohio; he died
March 9, 1869. He was a son of Thomas and
Mary (Shortj Walker, and was the father of
four children — Orlando, born May 1, 1851,
he was married to Matilda Wright; Mary L. ,
born January 15, 1854, she was married to
James Seeders; Elsie F., born Januaiy 8,
1859, she died September 3, 1863; Eva C,
born September IB, 1866, she died October
9, 1866. Mrs. Walker owns and lives in a
cozy, comfortable home, and is a member of
the Methodist Church.
ORLANDO WALKER, farmer, P. O.
Palestine, was born May 1, 1851, on La Motte
Prairie. He is a son of Charles S. Walker,
deceased, who was a fond and indulgent
parent, a good husband and an industrious
farmer. Mr. O. Walker was educated in
this county and at Merom, Ind. In early
life. he. like Nimrod, of Biblical fame, was
very fond of the chase, and the deep-mouthed
baying of the hounds, was music in his ear.
He was joined in matrimony. November 16,
1871. to Miss Matilda Wright, born Febru-
ary 14, 1847, in Gibson County, Ind. She
is a daughter of Andrew J. and Lucinda
(Spain) Wright, and is the mother of three
children, living, Virgil, born June 17, 1875;
Jessie,' born December 14, 1877; and Horace,
born February 29, 1880. Mrs. Walker is a
fond mother and a member of the Union
Christian Chvuch. Mr. Walker has been
identified with the Republican party.
JAMES WESTNER, farmer, P. O. Pales-
tine. This gentleman, who is known to all
the old settlers in this county, was born in
La Motte Township July 17, 1818. He is a
son of George Westner, born May 7. 1765.
in Chester County, Penn. His brothers were
in the Revolutionary war; he himself was in
the war of 1812. participating in the battle
of New Orleans. He was married, in Ken-
tucky, to Miss Nancy Eaton, who was the
mother of fourteen children. It is generally
supposed that he came to this county at a
very early date, probably with the Eatons,
of Indian lighting fame. Our subject, James
Westner, was joined in matrimony, October
6, 1840, to Miss Margaret Kent, who was
born Augiist 12, 1819, in North Carolina.
She is a daughter of Thomas and Ellen (Con-
nerly) Kent, and is the mother of eight chil-
dren. Three are now living; their names are
Elizabeth, born August 17, 1846, she mari-ied
John Gano; George L.. born January 23,
1849; Rose L., born December 1, 1856, she
married George Hawkins, and is the mother
of the following children: Pearl B., born
August 1. 1875, Myrtle G., born May 16,
1878, and AlthaE., born December 13, 1882.
323
BIOGRAPHICAL:
Mr. and Mrs. Westner are members of the
Christian Chiu'ch; he is a Republican, and
living on the old place that his father bought
at $3 per acre from McCall, who was the old
Government Surveyor, and who was killed by
the Indians.
G. S. WILSON, grain dealer, Palestine.
The gentleman whose name heads this sketch
was born August 27, 1836, in this county.
He is a descendant of one of the leading
pioneer families, whose members filled vari-
ous public offices, among others that of Rep-
resentative. James Wilson, grandfather of
our subject, was of Old Virginia stock; his
wife was the mother of five boys and four
girls; they came here in 1817, entering Gov-
ernment land at $1.25 per acre. Their son,
James H., was born in Virginia, and in the
same year that his parents came West he
went South to New Orleans, but came back
the next year and settled in Palestine, on the
same spot where his son now lives. He was
married here, also, to Jane Caldwell, daugh-
ter of James Caldwell, and the mother of six
boys. She died near Palestine. James H.
Wilson was married a second time, in In-
diana, to Mrs. Ashley, who was the mother
of Mary Jane, who afterwai'd married R. A.
Bristol. At the death of Mrs. Wilson, he
was married a third time, to Mrs. A. Phelps.
She is still living with a daughter of her for-
mer husband. James H. Wilson died in the
year 1856. His son, Guy S., was educated
in this county, and in Waveland Academy,
Ind. He was joined in matrimony August 6,
1S6G, in Vincennes, Ind., to Miss Hattie M.
Young, born November 14, 1848, daughter
of Henry and Louisa (Haddoc) Young. The
former came from New Jersey, the latter
from North Carolina. They were married in
Palestine, where he was a mechanic. He
died in New York, his wife died in Palestine.
They were the parents of two boys and two
girls. William G., the oldest boy, was a
Colonel in the late war. Our subject is the
father of three boys and one girl — Henry H.,
born March 14, 1868; Charles F., born Octo-
ber 2, 1870; Cliff W., born March 19, 1872;
Estelle, born January 16, 1874. Mr. Wilson
has traveled, to some extent, in his youth.
In politics, he is identified with the Demo-
cratic party. Mi-s. Wilson is a member of
the Presbyterian Church, and keeps one of
the best boarding houses in the Wabash Val-
ley.
THE WOODWORTH FAMILY, Palestine.
One of the prominent pioneer families of Craw-
ford County is that of Woodworth. For nearly
three-quarters of a century, the name has
been identified with the county's interests,
and is a synonym of honor and integrity,
industry and business energy. John S.
Woodworth, the progenitor of the Wood-
worth family in this county, and whose por-
trait appears in this volume, was born
December 29, 1785. He was a native of
New York, but mostly reared in Kentucky,
and emigrated to Illinois in 1814, locating
near where Palestine now stands. He came
here with Thomas Gill and family, and after-
ward married a daughter of Mr. Gill. Soon
after his arrival, he bought a squatter's claim
from Thomas Kennedy, and during his life
accumulated a large landed property, own-
ing at the time of his death about a thousand
acres of land in La Motte Township, near
Palestine. He was the second Sheriff of
Crawford County, but never aspired to office
or public position, prefen'ing a quiet life,
and devoting his time and attention to the
improvement of his property and to the ties
of home. In 1815, he was married to INliss
Gill, who died in a few years, and in 1827
he was married again, to Mrs. Kincaide, of
Lawrence County. Of ten children born to him
there are now but three living; viz. : Martin
LA MOTTE TOWNSHIP.
325
B., James L., of Palestine, and Abner P., of
Kobinson. He died July 28, 1850, a highly
respected citizen of the county.
M. B. WooDWORTH, farmer, P. O, Pal-
estine, was born August 10, 1825, in La
Motte Township, a son of J. S. Woodworth,
born December 29, 1785, in Rensselaer,
County, N. Y. His pai-ents removed to
itount Lebanon, where he was brought up.
In the twenty-third year of his age. the fa-
ther left his native State, and rambled for
some three years, and then settled in Mount
Sterling, Ky. In 1814, he removed to Illi-
nois, and settled near Palestine, and on the
19th of June, 1815, he was married to Polly
Gill, who died in August, 1827. She was
the moUier of six children, of whom our sub-
ject is the youngest and only one living.
Mr. J. S. Woodworth was married again in
September, 1828, to Mrs. E. Kincaide, who
survives him. She is the mother of four
children, of whom two boys are now living.
He was a member of the Methodist Episcopal
Chiuch, of which he was a willing and
liberal supporter. His land joined the old
fort of La Motte; he was the second Sheriff
of Crawford County, and died July 28, 1850,
aged sixty-four yeai-s. His son, Martin B. , re-
members distinctly of having seen the remains
of the old fort in his boyhood ; he went to
school in La Motte Township and Palestine.
He followed his father's vocation, that of a
farmer, and was married, February 29, 1840,
in La Motte Township, to Miss Mary E.
Crews, born September, 1831, in La Motte
Township. She is the daughter of W. J. and
Emily Crews, who came here at an early
date. Mr. Woodworth is still carrying on
farming; he is living in a nice residence; a
part of which is built with bricks from the
old court house; he has over a thousand acres
of land, which speaks for his success as a
farmer; 779 acres are in La Motte Town-
ship, and 270 acres are in other places. The
old fort stood on his present place. Mr.
Woodworth is a strong Republican; he is
also a member of the Methodist Episcopal
Church.
J. L. Woodworth, merchant and farm-
er, P. O. Palestine, was born March 5,
1831, in La Motte Township, this county.'
He is a son of John S. Woodworth, one of the
old settlers of this county, who was born
December 29, 1785, in Rensselaer County,
N. Y. Soon after, his parents removed to
New Lebanon, where he was brought up. At
the age of twenty-three, he left New York,
his native State, and rambled for some three
years, and then settled in Mount Sterling,
Ky. In 1814, he removed to Illinois, and
settled near Palestine. On the 19th of
June, 1815, he was married to Polly Gill,
who died in August, 1827. She was the
mother of sis children, of whom only one is
now living. Mr. J. S. W. was married again,
in September, 1828, to Mrs. E. Kincaide,
who survived him. She was the mother of
fom- children; two boys are living now. Mr.
Woodworth's farm joined the old Fort La
Motte. As a member of the Methodist Epis-
copal Church, he was a liberal and willing
supporter of that body. He died July 28,
1850, aged sixty-four years. Mr. J. L. Wood-
worth was instructed by private teachers, but
finished his education in Palestine. He has
been a successful farmer. He was married,
in La Motte Township, August 5, 1874, to
Miss Louisa Lisman, born December 6, 1851,
in Sullivan County, Ind. She is a daughter
of David and Nancy (Wells) Lisman, and
the mother of three children — Alta, born
January 27, 1875; Johnny, born July 8,
1878, and an infant boy born April 5, 1882.
Mr. Woodworth has been identified with
the Republican party; is a trustee in the
Methodist Church, and owns a large inter-
326
BIOGRAPHICAL:
est in the Robinson Bank, of which he was
one of the founders, and is now one of the
Directors and stockholders. Financially, Mi-.
Woodworth has been a success, as he is one
of the wealthiest men in the county.
Abner B. Woodwokth, Cashier, Robin-
son Bank, Robinson, whose portrait appears
in this work, was born June 20, 1829, and is
a native of this county, born and reared with-
in its limits, and during his whole life has
been closely identified with its interests.
He received a fair educafci on in the common
schools of the county, and then attended col-
lege for two years in Indiana After leav-
ing school, he engaged, jn 1853, in merchan-
dising in Robinson, which he followed until
1875, when he went into the banking busi-
ness, and, with others, established the Rob-
inson Bank, of which he is Cashier. He was
married, August 18, 1868. in Binghampton,
N. Y. . to Miss Ellen King, a daughter of
Andrew L. King. They have no children,
Mr. Woodworth was originally a Whig in poli-
tics, but upon the organization of the Repub-
lican party, he cast his lot with it, and has
ever since been identified with it politically.
MONTGOMERY TOWNSHIP.
WILLIAM C. ADAMS, farmer, P. O. Pal
estine, was born Febrviary 12, 1824, in tbis
county. His father, Eli Adams, was of Ken-
tucky pioneer stock, as his father, William
Adams, had settled there, where Elizabeth-
town now stands. Eli Adams, in company
with his uncle, James Baird who was after-
ward killed by the Indians, came to this
county in 1810, when this country was sparse-
ly settled, and wild beasts and still wilder
men roamed through the forest. Here, amid
the hardships of pioneer life, he gained the
good traits which characterized him in after
life; here he wooed and won for his wife
Elizabeth Shaw, who was a daughter of Jo-
seph Shaw; she was the mother of thirteen
children. Our subject was educated in this
county, where he afterward was joined in
matrimony March 14, 1850, to Lowduskey
Johnson, born July 27, 1S29, whose parents
were pioneers of this county. She is the
mother of six childi-en now living. They are
Sarah E., Elisha Goodwin, born October 20,
1852; Augustus, born October 1, 1854, he
married Rachael J.Postlewaite; John Frank-
lin, born March 17, 1857; Sue, born January
26, 1861; Philander, born January 27, 1863;
Ida D., born March 16, 1867. Mr. and Mrs.
Adams are members of the Methodist Epis
copal Church, and with their children are
exemplary citizens of their respective com-
munities. He is the owner of 558 acres of
tine land, to the cultivation of which he
gives considerable attention; he has filled
the office of School Treasxirer for twenty-five
years, to the satisfaction of all concerned; is
a Democrat in politics.
J. H. CREWS, farmer, P. 0. Palestine.
Mr. Crews was born April 23,1841, in Craw-
ford County. He is a son of W. J. Crews,
born August 7, 1802, in Virginia. He married
Amelia Spraggins. His father came here in
1817, when he entered Government land, on
which the subject of this sketch is now living.
Mr. Crews was educated in the schools ad-
joining his home; he has been a farmer all
his life, and was married, February 13, 1866,
to Miss Ella Pifer, born September 16, 1845,
in La Motte Prairie; she is the daughter of
Joseph and Margaret Walker Pifer, and the
mother of two children — Charles W., born
April 20, 1869. and Edwin C. born Septem-
MONTGOMERY TOWNSHIP.
327
ber 25, 1875. Mr. Crews is h Republican,
a Knight of Honor, and he and his wife are
members of the Methodist Episcopal Church.
JOHN FOX. farmer, P. O. Palestine. Of
the men who have given wealth, stamina and
character and to whom the development of
earl}' religious institutions in Crawford Coun-
ty are due, we attribute a large share of credit
to the man whose name heads this sketch.
He was bora in Now Jersey October 24,
1808, and is the son of John Fox, Sr., born
in New Jersey October, 1775, a minister of
the Gospel. He married Mary Veneman,
born 1783 in New Jersey; she was of Swed-
ish descent and the mother of ten children,
of whom three are now living. Mr. Fox
lived two years in Pennsylvania and then re-
moved to this county, where he bought one-
half section of land, and immediately began
the improvement of a farm, but devoting a
great deal of his time to the interest of the
church. Our subject, John Fox, was married
December 12, 1833, to Emeiine L. McGahey,
bom December 6, 1809, in this county ; she
died June 8, 1842; she is the mother of three
children now living — Mary E., AMlIiam D.
and Sarah A.. Mr. Fox was married a sec-
ond time to Mary L. Woodworth, born Au-
gust 19, 1825, died Februai-y 7, 1854; she is a
twin sister of AL B. Woodworth, and the
mother of David W. and Ansel E. Our sub-
ject was' joined in matrimony a third time to
Mrs. Mary B. McGahey, a daughter of Thom-
as and Elizabeth (Anderson) Buchanan,
who were prominent people; he was also an
Elder in the Presbyterian Church. Mr. Fox
is a man that stands high in the esteem of
his fellow-men; he and his wife are members
of the Methodist Episcopal Chiu'ch. He has
a fine farm of 120 acres of choice land, and
is identified with the Democratic party.
M. H. FULLER^ farmer,P. O. Heathville.
This gentleman was born November 14,
1812, in Deai'born County. Ind.. and is a
true type of the old pioneer stock; he is a
son of Thomas Fuller, born October 30,
1774, in Virginia; he died May 5, 1839; he
was married in Indiana to Susannah Tor-
rence, born August 28, 1776, she died No-
vember 20, 1857; she raised nine children,
five boys and four girls. Her father, Will-
iam Torrence, came from Ireland; her moth-
er, Martha Stull. came from Pennsylvania;
she was of German descent. Thomas Fuller
came to this county in 1820. living five years
at Palestine; then removed six miles south
of Palestine, where he bought land, near
where his son, Martin H Fuller, is now liv-
ing, who spent his youth near Palestine, and
at the age of twenty went to the Black Hawk
war. His father, who had formerly been in
the war of 1812; was an Orderly Sergeant
in this war. After the war, Martin H. took
charge of W. KitchelFs farm while he was
in the Legislature. In 1835, he received a
call to Lawrence County, 111., where his
fame as a trustworthy man had preceded
him. He followed various occupations till
1840, when he came back to this county,
where he entered and bought land, owning
at one time over 500 acres; he has now a farm
of 237 acres of fine land, on ^part of which
is a coal mine, and also the finest prospect for
an oil well. Mr. Fuller was joined in matri-
mony, in Lawrence County, September 21,
1837, to Rosan Tromly, born November 10,
1814, daughter of Isaac Tromly, who married
the widow of Joseph La Motte, the old In-
dian interpreter, whose successor he be-
came. La Motte spoke seven difterent In-
dian dialects, and was at one time the owner
of what is now called La Motte Prairie,
which was given to him by the Indians for
his services as interpreter. But the Indians^,
who coveted the land and who wanted to be
paid for it by the Government, killed La
328
BIOGRAPHICAL:
Motte and threw his body in a deep hole of |
water west of the cemetery near Palestine,
in the creek which bears his name. Mrs.
Fuller is one of our good old fashioned la-
dies who was raised a Catholic and still ad-
heres to that faith. Mr. Fuller is a Demo-
crat in politics; his main occupation in life
has been the cultivation of our bounteous
and virgin soil; he served his friends in
many ways, being generally considered as a
leader and spokesman; he filled school offices
and was Justice of the Peace for twenty years,
mai-rying in that time eighty-eight couples
without charging anything; on account of
his fair and just dealmg. he is called the com-
promising Justice. His adopted son, Edwin
Fuller, born December 2. 18G6, is a steady,
intelligent young man.
ISAAC FULLER, farmer, P.O. Heathville,
born April 20, 1815, in Dearborn County,
Ind., son of Thomas Fuller, born October 30,
1774, in Virginia, died May 5, 1839; he was
man-ied in Indiana to Susannah Torrence,
who died November 20, 1857; she is the
mother of nine children; her father, William
Torrence, came from Ireland; her mother,
Martha Stull,came from Pennsylvania. Our
subject >ame to this county with his father
in 1820, living five years in Palestine, where
he went to school, settling afterward in
Montgomery Township, on what is now called
the Carson farm. Mr. Fuller was married
November 29, 1840, to Nancy Shaw, born in
this township October 18, 1824, daughter of
Joseph and Narcissa (Middleton) Shaw, and
mother of nine children now living— George
"W., born January 5, 1843, his present wife
is Sarah Adams; LydiaA., wife of S. Kin-
caid; Thomas J., born November 18, 1852,
married Lurinda Adams; Isaac R., born No-
vember 28, 1854, married Mary E. Brashear;
Nancy A., born April 10, 1857; Harmon R.,
born February 27, 1859; Emma J., barn Au-
gust 26, 1863; Annie L., born December 20,
1865; and Rosetta A., born April 4,1869.
Mr. Fuller's father and brother were in Black
Hawk war. Through his economy and indus-
try, he has accumulated a good farm of 215
acres. He is identified with the Democratic
party, and has filled township and school
offices.
DANIEL FULLER, farmer, P. O. Heath-
ville. This gentleman was born March 24,
1817, in Dearborn County, Ind., and may be
classed among om' pioneers. His father,
Thomas Fuller, came here with his family in
1820, when this county was sparcely settled,
and the forest was inhabited with wild beasts
and wilder men. He was joined in matri-
mony December, 1841, in Edgar County, 111.,
to Miss Lydia A. Stanfield, born February
13, 1817, in Tennessee, daughter of Samuel
and Hannah (Smith) Stanfield; she died Oc-
tober 16, 1842. Ml-. Fuller was married a
second time, October, 1847. in Dearborn
County, Ind., to Harriet White, born Janu-
ary 13, 1817, in Cincinnati, Ohio, she died
July 23, 1877, she was a daughter of Abel
and Lydia (Iliff) ^Vhite. Mi-. Fuller has
filled school offices and is the owner of 100
acres of good land; is identified with the
Democratic party.
JOHN GOODWIN, farmer. P. O. Pales-
tine, born July 29, 1815, in Luzerne County,
Penn., son of George Goodwin, born 1788 in
Pennsylvania, where he married Mary Sew-
ard, born in JIassachusetts, daughter of
Enos Seward, a carpenter by occupation ; she
is the mother of two children now living.
Mr. J. Goodwin was educated in Coshocton
■ County, Ohio; he was married in Licking
County, February 4, 1841, to Miss Morris,
born January 4, 1823, died February 2, 1880;
she is the mother of David, James, Martha
(who married J. A Wesner, and is the mother
' of three children living), and Elisha, born
MONTGOMERY TOWNSHIP.
329
August 15, 1850: he married Sarah L. Adams,
who has four children— Gary E.. Charles,
Stella and Martha Mabel. Oar subject was
married again March 2, 1SS2, in Greene
County, Ind., to Mrs. Elizabeth Stalcup,
born Febraary 10, 1828; she is a daughter
of John and Eleanor (Cox) Templeton, and
mother of Maria L. and Eleanor ,1.; the for-
mer was born December 5, 1846; man-ied N.
C. Burge, and is the mother of Ida A. and
Frederick O. ; the latter was born August 22,
1848; married R. Cullison; children, five —
Oscar, Edward, Cora L., Robert E. and Ros-
coe. Mr. Goodwin is a tine old man, who
wins the respect of all with whom he comes
in contact; he came here in 1851; he and
wife are members of the Christian Chiu-ch.
He has a fine farm of 180 acres, with good
buildings has been identified with the Demo
cratic party. His sister, Sarah, married Dan-
iel Jones, and raised a large famil}'.
WILLIAM H. HIGGINS, farmer, P. O.
Russellville, born October 8, 1851, in this
township. He is a gi-andson of Levi Hig-
gins, who came here in an early day, when
the dark forest was filled with wild beasts and
still wilder men. His son, Jacob Higgins, was
born in this county, where he was also mar-
ried to Eliza Wesner, daughter of Henry
Wesner, who is classed among the old pio-
neers. She was the mother of Albert N. and
William H. Albert N. was born April 13,
1853; he died August 26, 1875, in this coun-
ty; he was married to Amanda Pinkstafi'.
Our subject was educated in a country
school; he was man-ied, November, 16, 1876,
to Sarah A. Tobey, born March 3, 1860, in
this county; she is a daiighter of Allen G.
and Lovina (Pullian) Tobey, and the mother
of two children — Royal A., born November
28, 1877, and Walter L., bom December 9,
1880. Mr. Higgins has a farm of 155 acres
of good land. He and his wife ai-e members
of the Methodist Protestant Church. He is
now filling the ofiiceof School Treasurer and
is also Justice of the Peace.
AMOS M. HIGHSMITH, farmer, P. O.
Bird Station, was born February 27, 1889,
in this county. He is a son of William High-
smith, born Mai-ch 19,1798, in Henry Coun-
ty, Ky., where he was married, 1817, to Mai'ia
F. Ford, born in same place, who was the
mother of eleven children. William High-
smith was self-educated, a man of marked
ability and integrity; he has been Justice of
the Peace about twenty years, also County
Assessor and Township Assessor; he was also
a member of the Legislature and has been
Associate Judge. In politics, he was an anti-
slavery man. His son, Amos M., was mar-
ried here to Sai-ah E. Fisher, 1861, daughter
of George and Elizabeth (Hiskey) Fisher,
and the mother of five children now living
— Cora E., Maria L., Margaret E., Oliver
M. and John F. Mr. and Mrs. Highsmith
are members of the Vnited Brethren in
Christ. Mr. Highsmith has a farm of 158
acres of good land. He is identified with
the Republican party. His father came here
1820, and was a Captain of a company in the
Black Hawk war.
W. A. HOPE, fai-mer, P. O. Flat Rock,
was born February 14, 1831, in East Tennes-
see. He is a son of Adam and Mary (Car-
son) Hope, who were the parents of three
childi-en — James B., Mary and William A.
The oldest boy, James B., married Margaret
Ferguson; Mary, wife of Joseph Goreuch.
Our subject was educated in Blount County,
East Tenn., where he was also married, in
December, 1852, to Hannah J. Tedford.
born September 14, 1832, in Blount County.
East Tenn. She died May 17, 1873, and
was the mother of three children — James W.,
he married Johanna Cooper; Steward M..
he married Jane Highsmith; Lizzie A., born
330
BIOGRAPHICAL.
March 29, 1806. Mr. Hope was married a
second time, June 15, 1874, to Miss Eliza-
beth Tedford, born August 11, 1844, daugh-
ter of Robert A. and Eebecca (McClurg)
Tedford, and the mother of live children,
four now living — Frederick H., born March
9, 1875; Marcus S., born May 29, 1876, he
died November 29, 1877; Artie P., born May
17, 1878; Nelson A., born January 8. 1880;
and Chester A., born April 18, 1882. Mr.
and Mrs. Hope are members of the old school
Presbyterian Church. Mr. Hope came to [
this county in 1854, and the same winter he j
settled on IGO acres of wild land which is to-
day one of the finest farms in the county, and
has excellent improvements. Mr. Hope en-
listed August 12, 1862, in the Ninety-eighth
Illinois Infantry Volunteers. Company E,
who were afterward mounted and formed a
part of Wilder's brigade: he was an Orderly,
and with his regiment participated in many
thrilling scenes and famous battles. He is
identified with the Eepiiblicau party.
J. A. INGLES, physician, Morea. This
gentleman was born May 27, 1838, in Carroll
County, Ind., son of Nathaniel Ingles, born
May 5, 1798, in Pennsylvania; his father
came from Scotland; he was married to Eliza
J. Hillis, born July 16, 1813, in Jefferson
County, Ind., daughter of Hon. David Hillis,
who was one of the old Indiana State survey-
ors, and who afterward served his friends in
Jefferson County by representing them in the
Legislature; he was afterward elected Judge.
Our subject's two grandfathers were soldiers
in the Revolutionary war. His father was
a minister in the Associate Presbyterian
Church, having received his theological educa-
tion in the Jeffersonian College, Penn. Our
subject was educated in Waveland College,
and afterward to the Starling Medical Col-
lege, Columbus, Ohio. He was mairied, Jan-
uary 1, 1861, to Miss Amy S. Ramsay, born
October 27, 1838, in Parke County, Ind.,
daughter of Samuel W. and Maiy (Wills)
Ramsay, and is the mother of five children
— Nathaniel, born June 23, 1862, he died
May 30, 1869; David W., born March 14,
1865; John S., born April 19, 1871; Harrie
E., born November 16, 1874; Oracle A., born
February 5, 1877. Mr. Ingles came to Morea
in 1869, and has followed his profession
there ever since, enjoying the esteem and
confidence of the people in the suiTounding
country. Mr. and Mrs. Ingles are members
of the LTuited Presbyterian Church. He has
been identified with the Republican party.
THOMAS R. KENT, farmer, P. O. Heath-
ville, was born December 13, 1831, in Or-
ange County, Ind. He is a grandson of
Thomas Kent, born in North Carolina. His
son, Needham, was born in the same State,
where he was also mai-ried to Mary Lafferty,
who was the mother of eight children. Otii-
subject came to this county with his father in
1833; he was educated in this county, and
here he was mamed to Nancy ^Wesner, who
died in 1868 ; she is the mother of Franklin
J., born November 19, 1862. Mr. Kent was
married a second time to Mary E. Coe, born
March 26. 1835; she was the widow of Albert
Coe and the daughter of John and Lucinda
(McOahey) Fox. Mr. Kent has a fine farm
of 160 acres of good land with good build-
ings. He keeps it in a high state of cultiva-
tion. He is identified with the Democratic
party, and has been Township Sujiervisor for
six years, four of wliich he was chairman of
the board; he has also been School Trustee.
His wife is a member of the Methodist Epis-
copal Chnrch, but he is connected with the
Christian Church
A. KIN C AID, farmer, P. O. Morea, bom
April 20, 1800, in Greene Coimty, N. Y. His
father, Samuel Kincaid, was a shoe-maker by
trade; he was born in Ireland, where his
MONTGOMERY TOWNSHIP.
331
father, Thomas Kincaid, fell a victim to the
mueh-clreaded ''Press gaug," which was then
in vogue, and was sent with the Royal troops
to this country, and offered his services to
Gen. Washington, he having previously de-
serted the British flag. He was made an
Orderly Sergeant, and participated in the bat-
tle of Bunker Hill; bis son, Samuel, was in
the same battle, though he was only fourteen
years old; he acted as drummer boy; he after-
ward participated in the war of 1812, being
stationed at Cleveland. The father of our
subject died at the age of one hundred and
three years, and his grandfather lived to
be one hundred and five years old. Samuel
Kincaid manied Marian H ungerford, born
in Massachusetts; she was the mother of
eleven children. Our subject moved with his
father from New York to Pennsylvania, from
there to Ohio, thence to Kentucky, then
north again to Indiana, and finally in 1840
he settled in this eoimty. He was married,
July 6, 1826, to Lucinda Jenna; she had six
childi-en, of whom only Lucy A., Lydia M.
and Franklin are now living. He was mar-
ried again, July 16, 1874, to Mrs. Hannah
Cory, born May 3, 1 833 ; she is a daughter of
Robert and Sarah (Gogin) Young, and the
mother of two daughters, who are now living
— Sarah Jane and Mary Electa. Mr. and
Mrs. Kincaid are members of the Methodiit
Episcopal Church. He is a Democrat, and
as far as earthly possessions are concerned, he
is well provided, having 386 acres of tine
land, besides good town property in Robin-
son.
J. W. LINDSAY, farmer. P. O. Flat Rock,
was born March 7, 1835, in this county. He
is a grandson of John T. Lindsay, born in
Baltimore County, Md., where he married
Susan Dowden; they raised twelve children
of extraordinary size. They went to Ken-
tucky just after the Revolutionary war, and
there participated in the hardships and
struggles of the frontiers. Hazael Lindsay
was one of the twelve children; he was mar-
ried, in Kentucky, to Sarah Ford, who was
the mother of seven boys and foiu- girls.
He came to this coimty in 1830; he was
census taker once, and was a County Assess-
or, receiving as his salary 165; he died in
1874. His son, James W., was joined in
matrimony to Rhoda A. Richards, born in
Bradley County, Tenn., and died here 1864;
she was the mother of three children— La-
vina A., wife of Joseph Phillippe, and
mother of three children — Nathaniel L. Lind-
say, born July 10, 1862; William S., bom
November 27, 1864. Mr. Lindsay was mairied
a second time, December 22, 1873, to Hannah
E. Richards, born in Bradley County, Tenn.;
she is a daughter of William and Matilda
(Morrison) Richards, and the mother of four
children— Rhoda R., born January 3, 1875;
John, born November 20, 1876; Sallie, born
December 22, 1878; Forest O., born April
20, 1880. Mrs. Lindsay is a member of the
Methodist Church. Mr. Lindsay is a mem-
ber of the Masonic fraternity, Russellville
Lodge, No. 348. He is the owner of over 300
acres of land, to the cultivation of which he
gives considerable attention. He is identi-
fied with the Repiiblican party.
WILLIAM LYNCH, farmer, P. O. Morea
was born April 22, 1812, in Franklin Coun-
ty, Ohio, grandson of Cornelius Lynch, born
in Ireland; came to America at an early age;
he was an officer in the Revolutionary war,
and after its close he married Catharine
Downard, born in Germany, whose brother,
Daniel, was a famous backwoodsman and
Indian fighter. Their children are John,
Jonathan, Charles, Nancy, Daniel, Millie.
Jonathan Lynch was a Generel in the war
of 1812. John Lynch married Martlia Inks,
born in Pennsylvania, whose brother, John,
332
BIOGRAPHICAL:
was wagon-master under Han-ison, participat-
ing in the battle of Tippecanoe. They had
six children. Their son. William Lynch,
was married in Ohio to Catharine Bishop,
born 1809 in Virginia, died 1836 in Pales-
tine, 111., He was again married to Mrs. Re-
becca Kent, born January 7, 1825, daughter
of William H. and Hannah (Dunlap) Allison,
and the mother of five children now living —
Elisa A. Kent; John. A., he married Jane
Feasel; William E., he married Laura E.
Latham; Anna Bell and Hannah E. Mr.
Lynch has been a member of several lodges;
through his industry and perseverance, he is
now in possession of a good farm of 230
acres of fine land, to the cultivation of vhich
he gives considerable attention. He remem-
bers of having seen Gen. Jackson before he
was elected President of the United States.
He has been identified with the Democrati c
party. His brother, Jonathan, was five years
in the Florida war. Henry Lynch signed
the Declaration of Independence.
ALEXANDER MAC HATTON, minister,
Morea. This gentleman was bom February
12, 1817, in Scott County, Ky., son of Sam-
uel Mac Hatton, born February 9, 1783, in
Pennsylvania; he removed to Kentucky,
where he was married to Sarah Alexander,
born Febmary 3, 1795, daughter of Hugh Al-
exander, who married a Miss Bell. Alexan-
der Mac Hatton, Sr., who was the grand-
father of our subject, was a Colonel in the
Revolutionary war, and his two sons, James
and Samuel, were soldiers in the war of
1812; the former was killed, with hundreds
of other brave Kentucky troops, at the River
Raisin. Our subject was educated at the
Hanover College, in Jefferson County, Ind. ,
and after graduating, he took a theological
course at Cannonsburg, Penn. , after which he
entered the ministry, representing the Asso-
ciate Presbyterian, continuing with untiring
efforts in that church for over thirty years
In 1878, he transferred his relation of the
former church to the Presbyterian. Mr. Mac
Hatton was married in Marion, Ind. , .\pril
29, 1852, to Elizabeth S. Lomax, born July
1, 1824, in W^ayne County, Ind., daughter
of Abel and Elizabeth Ladd, who came from
North Carolina. She is the mother of four
children — Abel L.. born June 24,1856; Sam-
uel H. . bom Febmary 25, 1858; Joseph A.,
born May 27, 1860; William H., bora April
2, 1862. Mr. Mac Hatton owns a good fai-m
of 200 acres of fine land, which he bought
shortly after he came to this country, which
was in 1861. His son, Joseph, is a teacher
in this county. Abel and Samuel follow the
carpenter trade. Mr. Mac Hatton is inde
pendent in politics, but has been identified
with the Republican party. Mrs. Mac
Hatton's father represented Wayne County,
Ind., in the Legislatm-e for nine years.
W. W. McCOY, farmer, P. O.'Flat Rock.
This gentleman was born December 5. 1835,
in Greene County, Ohio, grandson of Alexan-
der McCoy, born in Ireland, but of Scotch
descent; he was mairied in Virginia to Sarah
Frazier; she was the mother of James McCoy,
born 1776, a farmer by occupation; he mar-
ried Elizabeth McMillan, born 1795, in South
Carolina, daughter of William and Jane
(Walker) McMillan, and the mother of Mary
A., Eliza J. and our subject. Mrs. McCoy
died March 4, 1866. Mr. McCoy's first wife
was Nancy Nelson; she was the mother of
John A. James McCoy died April 2, 1863;
his lirst wife died 1825. William Walker
was educated in Greene County, Ohio; he was
married in Dayton, same State, December
27, 1877, to Frances J. Houghtelin; born Oc-
tober 19, 1847; she is a daughter of William
and Jane (Fuller) Houghtelin: her father
came from Pennsylvania and her mother
from New York. Mr. McCoy has a farm of
MOMTGOMERY TOWNSHIP.
333
160 acres of fine land, to the cultivation of
which he gives considerable attention. He
and his estimable wife are members of the
Presbyterian Church. He has been identified
with the Republican party, and in August 22,
1862, he obeyed the call of his country and
enlisted in the Forty-fourth Ohio Infantry
Volunteers. Company D. He participated
in many battles and served till close of war.
JOHN MICKEY, farmer, P. O. Flat Rock,
bom February 6, 1815, in Pennsylvania, son
of James Mickey, who married Mary Hair;
she was the mother of nine children. John
Mickey was man-ied August 6, 1846, to Elisa
Ford, daughter of Abner Ford. Mrs. E.
Ford died at an early age. Mr. Mickey mar-
ried a second time, in La\vi'ence County ; Mary
J. Cook was the object of his choice; she is
the mother of seven children, who are all
bright and intelligent — Maria F., David
Price, George H (married Emma Hale) , Lu-
cinda (Rev. J. L. Cox), Ella, Julia A. and
David C. Mr. and Mrs. Mickey are members
of the Methodist Protestant Church. He
has been Township Trustee and filled school
offices. He is a member of the Masonic fra-
ternity and is a Republican. All these
things show that he is honored and respected
by his fellow-men, who regard him as one of
their best citizens.
WILY MONTGOMERY, farmer, P. O.
Bird Station^ This gentleman is a descend-
ant of the Montgomeiy pioneer family who
came here at an early date, when they
had to go to Ft. La Motte in time of Indian
troubles. The country was then in a wild
state and the woods were filled with wild
beasts and wilder men. Our subject was
born in the township that bears his name,
and was married here to Lindsay, daugh-
ter of Hazael Lindsay; she is the mother of
ten children now living — Abner, married
Marinda Pinkstaff, they have six children;
Hazael L., man-ied Jane Ford, they have five
children; William E., man-ied Harriet J.
Smith, they have three childi-en; John, mar-
ried Ida Rodgers, she is the mother of one
child; Dewitt C, married Olivia Ford; Lafay-
ette E. and Sarah R., born January 17, 1864;
Amos was born January 13, 1866; Charley,
born June 17, 1868; EfQe, born November 19,
1870. Mr. Montgomery is a member of the
Masonic fraternity at Bird Station, Monroe
Lodge, No. 447. He has 320 acres of good
land with goOd improvements. He, as were
his ancestors, is identified with the Demo-
cratic party.
SAMUEL C. MONTGOMERY, farmer, P.
O. Flat Rock, born March 25, 1849, in this
county, grandson of Andi-ew and Elizabeth
(Colwell) Montgomery, who came from Ire-
land and settled in this county in an early
day when the settlements were very few and
the dark forest was filled with Im-king wild
btiasts and still wilder men; amid the dan-
gers of pioneer life they reared a large fam-
ily who were all honored citizens of their
respective communities. One of the childi-en,
Andrew, was married twice. First to Sarah
Carter, who had five childi-en; his second
wife, Martha J. Highsmith, was the mother
of eight children, four of them— Nathaniel,
Wiley, Sarah J. and Lucinda — are married;
Mary E., John D., Martha V. and our sub-
ject are living on their father's homestead, he
having died September 27, 1880, the mother
died December 9, 1872. The children are
living on a farm of 200 acres of good land-
The boys are Democratic in politics. When
the gi-andparents of our subject first came to
the United States they settled in South Caro-
lina, from there they moved to Tennessee,
thence to Kentucky, and then to Indiana,
where they forted at Ft. Knox, and finally
came to this county as stated above. Andiew
Montgomery was in the Black Hawk war.
3o4
BIOGRAPHICAL-
Nathaniel Highsmitli, the grandfather of our
subject on the mother's side, was abo in the
Black Hawk war with his brother William,
who was Captain of his company.
WILEY MONTGOMERY, farmer, P. O.
Flat Rock. This gentleman was born March
18, 1856, in the township that bears his
name, which was bestowed on it in honor of
his ancestors; he is a son of Andrew Mont-
gomery, whose parents came here at an early
date when wild beasts and wilder men roamed
through the woods, and the settler went
to his work in field or garden with his gun
on his shoulder. Wiley Montgomery was
married in this county, October 28, 1875, to
Margaret Simones, born March 14, 1857:
she is a daughter of Robert and Mary A.
(Higgins) Simones, and the mother of Lily
M., born November 9, 1870; Ross E., born
February 27, 1878; Harmon R., born June
26, 1880; and Andrew C, born April 2i,
1882. Mr. Montgomery has a farm of
sevenfc} acres of good land; he has been
identified with the Democratic party; his
wife ia a fond mother and a member of the
Baptist Chiu-ch.
CHARLES G. PALMATEER, farmer, P.
O. Morea. Of men who have made farming
a success in this county, this man is surely
one; he was born August 15, 1820, in New
York, son of John Palmateer, born in New
York, farmer; fought under George Washing-
ton in the Revolutionary swar; he married
Elizabeth Quimby, who was mother of thir-
teen childi-en. Our subject was a blacksmith
in Cincinnati, Ohio, for seventeen years.
He settled in this county in 1856, and was
married here October 21, 1858, to Mary L.
/ Young, born December 15, 1835, in Hamil
ton County, Ohio; she is a daughter of Rob-
ert and Sarah (Gogin) Young, who were
born in New Jersey. Mrs. Palmateer is the
mother of six children— Phebe E., wife of
William Jackson, and mother of one son,
Charles E. (Mrs. Jackson died January 2,
1881); Joseph C.,born July 18, 1861; Sarah
E., born November 10, 1863; Effie May, born
May 13, 1866, she died March 15," 1869;
Anna J., born May 20, 1868, and Lily A.,
born February 8, 1871. Mj-. and Mrs. Pal-
mateer and three children are members of
the Methodist Episcopal Church. His broth-
ers, Edward and Nathaniel, were soldiers
in the late war; the former was afterward a
sailor for twenty years, and finally killed on
the Hudson River. He has a tine farm of
240 acres of good land, to the cultivation of
which he gives considerable attention. Mr.
Palmateer has been identified with the Re-
publican party.
I. T. G. PARKER, farmer, P. O. Heath-
ville. This gentleman, who is a descendant
of one of oui- oldest pioneer settlers,
came here when the Indians, roamed at will
through the deep forest and smiling prairies,
and who were afterward forted at Ft. Knox,
Ind. Our subject was born April 18, 1839;
he is a grandson of Jonathan Parker, whose
son, Thomas N., was one of the most noted
deer hunters in the county; he was married
to Maria Jane Attaway, whose parents may
be classed among oar old pioneers. Thomas
N. was a soldier in the Black Hawk war, and
teamed between here and Chicago with an ox
team. He is still living a hale, old man;
his wife died in 1881; she was the mother of
a large family. Our subject is one of that
family; he was mairied to Hannah Ann
Montgomery, born January 3, 1840,datighter
of William and Zerelda Highsmith, whose
parents were among the very first settlers in
this county, and after whom this township
was named. Mrs. Parker is the mother of
six children living — Mary E., she is the wife
of Francis M. Kent; Newman E., I'lora A.,
Maria E. , Zerelda J. and George H. Mr.
MONTGOMERY TOWNSHIP.
335
Parker has a good farm of 240 acres of fine
land. He obeyed the call of his country to
protect the stars and stripes, and enlisted July
20, 1801, in the Eleventh Missouri Infantry
Volunteers, Company H, participating with
his regiment in many thrilling scenes and
famous battles; he served till close of war.
In politics, Mr. Parker is a Republican.
.\. J. REAVILL, stockman and farmer, P.
O. Flat Rock. This gentleman was a descend-
ant of an old pioneer family, and of whom
he actjuired many of their virtues, was born
December 24, 1834, in this township, where
he now lives. His grandfather was born in
France, but was man-ied in this country to a
Miss Crow. Their son, David, born 1782,
in Delaware, on the bay, came to this State
in 1810, making his home in Kaskaskia,
which was then the capital. In 1812, he re-
turned to Vincennes, Ind., and joined the
rangers. After the war, he removed to Pales
tine, where he followed the tanner trade.
He 'Was married to Ann Montgomery, born
September 12, 1792. in South Carolina; she
is a daughter of Andrew and Elizabeth
(Colwell) Montgomery, and the mother of
nine children, four now living; their father
was killed at Palestine by lightning. Our
subject was educated in this county and was
also joined in matrimony here December 13,
1850, to Miss Martha A. Seaney, born Oc-
tober 9, 1835, in this county, daughter of
John and Elizabeth (Attaway) Seaney, who
are classed among oui' pioneers. Mrs. Rea-
vili is the mother of nine children, six boys
and three girls— Sarah J., wife of Marlin
Mail; William D. D. , deceased; John D.,
married Ada Taylor; Almera, deceased;
Charles McClellen, born April 28, 1863;
David A., bom May 11, 1865; Parmer Sey-
more, born February 6, 1 868 ; Dora, October 6,
1869: and Edmund H., deceased. Mr. Rea-
vill still owns the place which his parents
entered as Government land in Vincennes, at
$2.50 per acre, in installments, but it was re-
duced to half the price by act of Congress
about 1817. Mr. Reavill lived on a farm of
840 acres with good improvements; he has
about 340 acres near Robinson, on which
tenants lived. At the age of twenty-two, he
was elected Justice of the Peace; afterward
he was Township School Treasurer for
twelve years, and tilled other school offices.
He has been township Supervisor for two
terms, and director of the Robinson Bank
ever since its re-organization. Mr. Reavill
has been connected with railroad history, as
he has been a director of the Paris & Dan-
ville Railroad till it was connected to the Wa-
bash system. In 1875, he helped to organ-
ize the Bishop, Meserve & Co. syndicate,
which completed the Paris & Danville Rail-
road from Hutsonville to Vincennes, Ind.
In 1877, Mr. Reavill was elected by the
Democratic party to the Legislature, repre-
senting the Forty-fifth District, comprising
Crawford, Clark, Lawrence and Jasper Coun-
ties. Durinsr this term occurred the memor-
able contest which terminated in the defeat
of John A. Logan and the election of David
Davis to the United States Senate. Mi-. Rea-
vill was re-elected to the Legislature in 1879.
He is a member of the Masonic fraternity,
Robinson Lodge, No. 250. No comment is
needed on the past life of our subject; the
difi'erent positions which he has tilled in life
speak for themselves and show that manly
qualities are appreciated by his fellow- men.
CHARLES ROSS, farmer, P. O. Flat
Rock, born October 14, 1831, in Washington
County, Penn. , son of Matthew Ross, born in
County Antrim,, Ireland; he married Anna
McFadden, born in same county; both are
living and over eighty-four years old. Mr.
Ross was educated in Pennsylvania; from
there he went to Ohio, where he was married
336
BIOGRAPHICAL:
to Sarah J. Archer, born October 12. 1830,
in Virginia, daughter of Ebenezer and Mar-
garet (McCray) Archer. Mrs. Ross is the
mother of one daughter, Margaret N. , born
June 27, 1855. Mi-. Ross came to this coun-
ty in 1866; he owns now a good productive
farm of eighty acres of line land. Mrs. and
Miss Ross are members of the United Pres-
byterian Chm-ch. Mr. Rossis identified with
the Republican party. Mr. Ross was a sol-
dier in the late war. serving in the Eighty-
eighth Regiment of Ohio Infantry. He is a
man well spoken of by all his neighbors, and
is one of our most industrious and kind-
hearted citizens.
SAMITEL SEANEY, farmer, P. O. Flat
Rock. This gentleman was born October 22,
1824, in this county, son of Samuel Seaney,
Sr., born in North Carolina; he was a
a farmer by occupation, and was married to
Catharine Wishon, who was the mother of
thirteen children; they removed to Wayne
County, Ind. , and in 1818 they came to this
county, to where he was attracted by the rich
hunting ground which the red man of the
woods valued so highly. While the game
was plenty, he did not find it necessary nor
profitable to cultivate the bounteous virgin
soil, to which his children pay so much atten-
tion now and with such marked success. Our
subject inherited many of his father's quali-
ties among others his love for hunting, and
which he indulged in his youth to his heart's
content, and yet follows; he was educated in
this county, where he was married February
14, 1848, to Miss Cinderilla Kamplain, born
Jtily 16,1830, daughter of William and Clem-
ana (Cobb) Kao; plain, who were old settlers in
this county. Mrs. Seaney is the mother of
twelve children — Alvin (he married Anna B.
McKibbin), Leander, Patrick H., John Frank-
lin, Flora R., Nancy E., Emma A., deceased,
Samuel Herman, Charles Carl, Thomas Har-
lin, David Bruce, Andrew J. Mr. Seaney
has a nice farm of 240 acres of tine land, is a
Democrat. He and his wife are members of
the Christian Church. Has good buildings
on his land; keeps Durham stock of cattle, is
a wide-awake, intelligent man, who takes a
great deal of interest in all public afifairs.
NIMROD SEANEY, farmer, P. O. Flat
Rock. Mr. Seaney was born December 11,
1827, in this county; he is a son of Samuel
Seaney, born in North Carolina, where he
married Catharine Wishon; she was the
mother of twelve children, who grew up to
man and womanhood. Nimrod Seaney was
the youngest of this family, and was married
here to Rhoda Higgins, daughter of William
and Mary A. (Simons) Higgins. and the
mother of ten children now living- -Ben-
jamin, he man-ied Sarah J. Montgomery;
Mary, married William Dimcan; Martha,
married Taylor Z. Swan; Eliza A., married C.
Duncan; Emeline R., married Alvin Prior;
Rosa E., man-ied C. Cunningham; Julia O.,
married P. Saunders; Flora B., James E. and
LucyL. Mrs. Seaney died April 2, 1879. Mr.
Seaney was married a second time to Fannie
Daugherty, born February 4, 1842, daughter
of John and Susan (Lamb) Daugherty, and
the mother of four children —Mary I., Anna
B. , Aimer and Chalmer, who are twins.
Mrs. Seaney is a member of the Christian
Church. Mr. Seaney has a good farm of 324
acres of fine land, to the cultivation of which
he crives a great deal of attention; has al
ways been identified with the Democratic
party. Mr. Seaney did not' have the advan-
tages of education which his children now
enjoy, but natiu-e has endowed him with
many good qualities, among others, good,
hard common sense; he has killed more deer
than any man in the township.
MRS. ELIZABETH SHAW, Palestine.
This lady, who has reared a large f amil} , for
MONTGOMERY TOWNSHIP.
837
whom she plans and beautifully provides, was
born April 7, 1843, in Lexington, La Grange
Co., Ind. ; she is a daughter of George and
Nancie Emily Donaldson, her father was
born in Virginia and her mother in Ohio;
they were the parents of ten children. Mr.
Donaldson was a blacksmith in Indiana, and
removed to this county in 1854. Oivr sub-
ject was man'ied in this county November 3,
1861, to Thomas Shaw, born October 28,
1836; he died December 30, 1880; he was a
son of Joseph M. and Narcissa (Middleton)
Shaw, and is the father of ten children now
living — Lydia A., born October 30, 1862;
Laura, born February 12, 1864; Nota, Au-
gust 27, 1865; Andi-ew J., born November 9,
1866; Nai-cissa J., born Februarj^ 21, 1867;
Ella, born July 12, 1870; Sarah, born Janu-
ary 15, 1873: Emma, born September 8,
1874; Cora, born January 7, 1877; and
Thomas M. J., born June 11, 1880. The oldest
daughter, Lydia A, married Henry A. Falk,
who is an industrious man. While Mr.
Shaw was alive, he was a bountiful provider,
a good husband and fond father; his memoiy
is cherished by all who knew him; he ac-
cumulated 175 acres of fine land, on which
his family are now livmg.
S. F. WATERS, farmer, P. O. Heath
ville, was bom October 18, 1833, in Salis-
bury, Conn. ; he is a son of William Wat-
ers, born 1796, in England; he was a
soldier in the British service under Wel-
lington, fighting against Napoleon I, and
participating in the battle of Watei'loo; he
was afterward transferred with the army to
Canada, and liking this country he settled in
Massachusetts, where he was married to
Asenath Slater, born 1803 in Massachusetts,
of Scotch descent, and the mother of nine
children. S. F. Waters was educated in
Salisbury, Conn., where he also learned the
shoe-maker trade, which he followed in Ohio,
where he was joined in matrimony, March 9,
1857, to Miss Laura Chariher, of German
descent, born 1837 in Ohio; she died 1862,
in Palestine, 111., to which place Mr. Waters
had moved in 1801. He enlisted August 12,
1862, in the Ninety-eighth Illinois Volun-
teers, Company D, ■vthich formed a part of
the famous Wildera Lightning Brigade;
with it he participated in many thrilling
scenes and famous battles; he was wounded
at Mission Ridge, and raised from private
to First Lieutenant. After the war, he fol-
lowed his trade in Palestine, where he was
married again, September 25, 1806, to Mary
Jane Bartmess, born January 10, 1845, in
this county, where her parents, Peter and
Sarah (Langton) Bartmess, were old settlers.
She is the mother of three children now liv-
ing— Lucy, born March 13, 1809; Grace,
born July 5, 1870, and Mary, born December
2, 1878. Mr. Waters has filled township and
school oifices; he has a splendid farm of 120
acres, which he keeps in a high state of cul-
tivation, and on which he built one of the
finest farm residences in the county; he and
his family are honored and respected by all
with whom they come in contact.
ENOCH WESNER, farmer, P. O. Flat
Rock, bom in La Motte Township July 24,
1829; son of William Wesner. born 1800, in
Pennsylvania; farmer by occupation; he
married Nancie Pearson, born 1798; she is
the mother of six children. AVilliam Wes-
ner came hero at an early date, when the
dark forest was filled with wild beasts and
still wilder men; being a man of some means,
he erected a grist mill run by ox power, which
he turned into a saw mill, supjjlying the
people of Palestine with building hmiber; he
was of German descent, his memory is cher-
ished by all pioneers. Enoch Wesner was
educated in this county, where he was
married to Louisa Allison, born July 1,
338
BIOGRAPHICAL:
1828, in this county; she is a daughter of
Samuel H. and Polly (Highsmith) Allison,
who came from Kentucky. Mrs. Wesner is
the mother of seven children — Isabell L. , she
man-ied Samuel Douglas, Charles A., Mary
A., deceased, William F., Nannie C,
Charles M. and Ira O. ' IVIr. Wesner has a
good farm of 248 acres of tine land, to the
cultivation of which he gives considerable
attention. He is identified with the Granger
Society; has been Township Collector; has
filled school offices; has been connected with
the Democratic party; is a wide-awake farmer.
L. H. WHEELER, farmer, P. O. Morea.
This gentlemaa, who is recognized as a good
farmer, was born June 27, 1841, in Rutland
County, Vt.; his father, Leonard Wheeler,
also a fai-mer, was born March 2, 1804, in
New Hampshire; he married Elizabeth Wet-
more, who was the mother of eight children;
they left Vermont in 1843, and on their
route to this county they came mostly by
water, then the best way of traveling. They
first went to Erie, N. Y., then via Erie Canal
to Buffalo, thsuse on ths lake to Cleveland,
from there by canal to La Fayette, and then
down the Wabash River on a steamboat to
Bristol, landing opposite Palestine, in this
county, where oiu- subject was educated, and
afterward went to the war. enlisting Febru-
ary 11, 1865, in the One Hundred and Fifty-
second Illinois Infantry Volunteers, Company
H; served till close of war; was mustered
out at Memphis, Tenn. He was joined in
matrimony, February 28. 1867, to Miss Sarah
A. Crews, born October 25, 1856, daughter
of W. J. Crews, and mother of Elizabeth A.,
born October 21, 1868; Fannie L, born April
29, 1874, and Chauncy Crews, born Septem-
ber 8, 1881. Mr. and Mrs. Wheeler are
members of the Methodist Episcopal Church;
he is a stroug advocate of the temperance
c.iuse, in which he sets a good and worthy ex-
ample; is a Republican in politics. Has a
splendid farm of 200 acres with good build-
ings; to the cultivation of his land he gives
a great deal of attention, with marked suc-
cess.
AARON YOUNG, farmer, P. O. Morea.
This gentleman was born August 16, 1830, in
Hamilton County, Ohio. His father was
Robert Young, born February 13, 1787, in
Newark, N. J., where he was educated and
also learned the shoemaker trade; he traveled
a great deal, and was married in Ohio to
Sarah Gogin, born September 16, 1803, in
Cape May, N. J., daughter of Thomas and
Sarah (Scull) Gogin. She is the mother of
seven children, and counting grand and
great-grandchildrerl, it may be said that she
is the parent of fifty-two children, of whom
nineteen are now dead Robert Young was a
soldier in the war of 1812, and his son,
Robert S., died while in the Ninety-eighth
Illinois Volunteers, in Scottsville. Ky. Our
subject, Aai'on, was educated in Cincinnati
and Crawford County, III. He was married
in Miami County, Ohio, January 4, 1865. to
Miss Sarah Yates, born June 29, 1842. in
Miami County, Ohio, daughter of Edmund
C. and Sarah (Leniing) Yates, and is the
mother of five children now living — Sarah
L., born February 1, 1866; Hannah C, June
23, 1867; Robert E. and Maria J. are twins,
born July 7. 1869; and Mary L., born No-
vember 4, 1877. Mr. Young's ancestors were
of Scotch descent, but Mrs. Young's ances-
tors were of Indian descent. Mr. Young has
a fine farm, to the cultivation of which he
sives a great deal of attention ^Ir. and
Mrs. Young are members of the Methodist
Episcopal Church. Mr. Young is a well-read
man, and has been identified with the Ropub
lican party. His mother is yet living, well
known to all old pioneers. Robert Yoang
died September 23, 1814.
OBLONG TOWNSHIP.
399>
OBLONG TOWNSHIP.
CHAS. S. BEEIVLVN, farmer, P. O Oblong, \
is an enterprising farmer, and an expe-
rienced wagon-maker of Oblong Township, |
in which last business he is not engaged very ]
much, at the present. He was born in Peo-
ria County, 111., November 24, 1837. When
ten years old, was brought by his parents to
Clark County, 111 , and there they settled on
a farm. His education was limited to the
common schools of the country. At the age
of seventeen, went to serve as an apprentice
in a wagon- maker's shop in York, Clark
County, 111., uader Richard Falley. He
served three years, after which worked as jour-
neyman in Clark and Crawford Counties for
about ten years. In 1871, he erected a shop
in Oblong, and after about five years success-*
fully spent there, he sold out and returned
to his family in Oblong Township, on a nice
little farm in the eastern pai't of the town-
ship, where he is comfortably situated, and
has a nice residence, and is successfully en-
gaged in fanning, and works also at the car
penter's trade considerably. He was maiTied
December 30, 1858, to Margaret E. Wood.
She was born and reared in Crawford Coun-
ty, 111. They have nine children, namely:
William F., Marion N., Joseph Lincoln, Anna
Belle, Charles E., Ulysses E., Pussy, Everet
P. , Lura A. His father. Nelson, was a na-
tive of Pennsylvania, and his mother,
Lydia L. (Bostwick), was a native of Ver-
mont.
J. R. BOOFTER, farmer, P. O. Robinson,
is a substantial and enterprising f firmer of
Oblong Township. He was born in Stewart
County, Tenn. , January 19, 18-17. His jai-
ents died when he was quite small, and he
was compelled, as a great many orphan boys
are, to shift for himself when very young.
^Vhen about seven years of age, he com-
menced working on a farm by the month.
His chances for an education was limited ta
subscription schools of country there. In
1863, when about sixteen years old, came to
Crawford County, 111., to Portsville, Licking
Township, with J. C. Gault. with whom he
worked one summer. ■ He continued working
by the month until 1867, at which time at-
tended one term of school at the Union
Christian College, located at Merom, Ind. ,
after which attended two terms of school at
Westfield, 111., in the spring and fall of 1868,
where, in the winter of 1868 and 1869, taught
school. He was married, December 5, 1868,
to Dinah Hill, She was born iu Crawford
County, 111., February 9, 1849. He farmed
with his father-in-law for two or three years
after marriage, and at which time removed
on a farm of 240 acres, given his wife by her
father, of which he has about 200 acres in
cultivation, and is successfully engaged in
the raising of grain principally. They have
one child, namely, Alva. Subject is a mem-
ber of the Grange.
WILLIAM R. DALE, M. D., P. O. Ob-
long, is a young jnan of superior intellectual
ability, and has had good advantages afford-
ed him in his chosen profession. He was
born in Henry County, Tenn., July 16, 1854.
He spent his early days on a farm, and at the
age of eleven he was taken by his parents tu
Kentucky, and he remained on the farm and
industriously attended school in winter time
340
BIOGRAPHICAL:
until nineteen years of age, at which time
engaged in teaching in Calloway County,
Ky. The last school he attended was the in-
stitute at the county seat. He commenced
the study of medicine January 4, 1875, and
successfully continued his studies until the
autumn of 1875, at which time attended lect-
ures at Louisville, Ky. ; attended the ses-
sions of 1875 and 1876, and received his de-
gree. In the spring of 1877, he located in
Graves County, Ky., but remained there but
a short time, and removed bapk to Murray,
Calloway County, Ky,, and there was con-
nected with a drug store, besides successfully
engaging in his profession until the autumn
of 1880, at which time came to Oblong and
formed a partnership with Dr. Kibbie, and is
successfully engaged in his profession. In
July 9, 1879, in Henry County, Tenn., tired
of living a single life, he took unto himself
Miss Nannie A. McKnight. They have one
child living, William Roy, and an infant girl
dead. Mrs. Dale died January 6, 1883. Dr.
Dale is an A., F. & A. M., Oblong Lodge,
No. 644.
JAMES EOFF, retired farmer, Oblong, is
a native of Pulaski County, Ky., born May
14, 1810. He was reared there on his fa-
ther's farm until the age of eighteen, at which
time he went out into the world to battle for
himself. At the age of twenty, in 1830, he
chose Christina Leach, a native of Kentucky,
as a helpmeet. After marriage, he engaged
in farming in Pulaski County, until 1849,
at which time came to Crawford County, Ob-
long Township, and settled on a farm of wild
land and engaged in farming successfully.
In 1874, he concluded to remove to Oblong,
and there enjoy the blessings of a ripe old
age and to retire fronj the business bustle of
the world. He and his wife are living by
themselves. Of their children, six are living
and married and have families of their own.
It was their misfortune to lose five of their
dear ones, namely: Polly Jane, wife of
Stephen Gooch, living in Oblong; William
Davis, is living in Oregon; Amelia, wife of
Samuel R. Mock, living in Crawford Coimty,
Oblong Township; Minerva Ann, George and
Martha Susan are deceased; John James
Eoff, living in Robinson, Crawford County,
111. ; Cynthia Ellen, wife of John James, liv-
ing in Oblong Township; Phoebe Alice, wife
of Joseph Barker, living in Oblong Township;
Alfred and Louisa Ann, are deceased. Sub-
ject's father, John Eoff, was a native of Mad-
ison County, Ky, and engaged in farming, in
Pulaski County, Ky. Subject's mother, Jane
(Higgins), was also a native of Kentucky-
Lincoln County. Their children are, namely,
Minervia, deceased wife of Bryant Brown;
Sarah, wife of Isaac Taylor, deceased, she re-
sides in Kentucky, Pulaski County; George,
is farming in Oregon, and also John Leonard
and Fleming; Louisa Ann, deceased wife of
Newton Perril, deceased: Elizabeth, deceased
Subject has 160 acres of prairie land in Ob-
long Township, and when he lived thereon
he raised stock to some extent, besides grain.
He owns, in Oblong, four lots and two dwell-
ing houses; the one in which he lives is a
very nice and comfortable one. May peace
and happiness crown them during the re-
mainder of their lives, and when done with
the trials and cares of this life, find a home
beyond the skies, where all is joy and peace
and love, and where nature never dies.
JAMES W. GOOD, Grand Glade, was
born in Fairfield County, Ohio, March 22,
1832, son of Jacob and Margaret A. (Mont-
gomery) Good; he born in Virginia February
12, 1804, and dying December 4, 1850; she
born in Maryland May 28, 1803, and dying
January 8, 1876. Our subject was married
in Ohio, March 31, 1859, to Rebecca Belt,
born in Fairfield County, Ohio, January 22,
OBLONG TOWNSHIP.
343
1833, daiighter of Benjamin and Ann J.
(Parrish) Belt; he waa boru February 10,
1801, in Maryland, and dying November 13,
1863; she, also, a native of Maryland, born
March 6, 1804. Nine childi-en have been
born to Mr. Good — David L., Benjamin D. ,
Jacob "\V., Eosanna L., Thaddeus O., Lilly
R., Mary L. A., Margaret A. J. and Charles
E. A.
D. F. HALE, farmer, P. O. Eaton, is an
old pioneer of Crawford County, born in
Genesee County, N. Y., July 19, 1809.
When foiu- years old, in 1813, he was taken
by his parents to Jackson County, Ind., and
there they settled on wild beech wood land,
and remained there until 1821, at which time
they came to Crawford County, and landed,
November 2, near Palestine. At that time,
there were but three or four good buildings
there, and about nine or ten cabins, which
constituted the town. They wintered aljout
one-half of a mile from Palestine, and in the
spring of 1822, removed to Palestine. After
two years of siiccessful farming near town, with
which they were furnished seed and land and
gave half of their productions, they removed
onto a piece of wild raw prairie land owned by
subject's uncle; built a cabin and farmed there
until 1830. In December, 1829, he was mar-
ried to Catharine Walters. She was born in
Dearborn County, Ind., November 17, 1811.
After which, subject built a house on a piece
of the land given him by his father, and re-
moved thereon in the spring of 1830. He
procured an ox team and went to plowing;
after successfully engaging in his pursuits
of farming until 183-t, he sold out and re-
moved to Robinson Township and purchased
a piece of land 160 acres, of which forty acres
was in cultivation. In 1839, he sold out
again and pui-chased 200 acres of raw land
now in Oblong Township. He went to clear-
ing it up and removed thereon and remained
there about six years, when he sold out and
purchased eighty acres, on which place he now
resides. In Crawford County, 111., December
3, 1829, he married Catharine Walters, a
native of Pennsylvania, and daughter of Isaac
Walters. His children are, namely, Mary E.
and Isaac Newton, are dead; George P., liv-
ing; Ethon Allen, deceased; Samuel L., de-
ceased; Sarah E., living; Jacob W., deceased,
killed in the battle at Port Gibson, Miss. ;
Lydia M, deceased; Winfield Scott, deceased;
Alva D., living; John W., living; William
R., living. He has always been a Repub-
lican, and has served as Justice of the Peace
at different times in Oblong Township,
amounting in all to sis years.
LEVI HENRY, farmer, P. O. Oblong. He
was born in Perry County, Ohio, September
20, 1832. His father, George, was a native
of Ohio also, and his mother, Anna (Rarick),
was a native of Ohio. Mr. Henry is an esti-
mable farmer of Oblong Township, and was
roared on a fai-m. He had a pretty good
chance for obtaining an education. In 1848,
at the age of sixteen, his father and family
came to Crawford County, Oblong Township,
and settled on raw land, and he (subject) re-
mained with his father and helped improve
their land until thirty-one years of age, at
which time engaged in farming forhimself.
At the death of his father, he inherited 160
acres of land. Since then, he has added 250
acres. He raises grain and stock. He was
married in Crawford County, Februarv 16,
1860, to Catharine Dennis, born in Ohio De-
cember 28, 1838. They have six children,
namely: Anna C, Laura J., Marion Silas,
Harlan Preston, George Edward and Estella.
Mr. Henry has always been a Democrat, and
served two years as Highway Commissioner
of Oblong Township.
SAMUEL HENRY, farmer, P. O. Oblong,
is an industrious and enterprising farmer of
344
BIOGRAPHIC Al.:
Oblong Township. He was born in Pen-y
County, Ohio, January 21, 1837. At the age
of twelve years, in 1849, he was taken by his
parents through the northern part of this
State and into Iowa, but they finally settled
here in Crawford County in 1849, and settled
in Oblong Township. They bought a little
farm at first, but his father entered land af-
terward. He (subject) was married at the
age of twenty-one to Hi la Dorcas Manhart.
She was born in Jennings County, Ind., 1839.
After marriage, he engaged in farming. In
18()5, his father gave him 200 acres of land,
since thathehas added ninety- six acres. Mr.
Henry has a well-improved farm, and raises
some stock, but his main productions are
grain, wheat, corn and oats. He enlisted on
February 18, 1865, in Company C, One
Hundred and Fifty-fifth Illinois Volunteer
Infantry, and was mustered out at Spring-
field September 20, 1865, at which time he
came back to Oblong Township. He has
seven children, namely: William Frederic,
George W , Eliza Jane, Thomas W., Charles
Everet, Sarah Rosella, Clara May. Mr. Henry
has always been a Democrat, and has taken
some part in political matters. He has never
asked for any offices, but was elected Com-
missioner of Highways in the spring of 1882.
PETER HENRY, farmer. P. O. Oblong.
He is an honorable and industrious farmer
of Oblong Township. He was born in Perry
County, Ohio, February 24, 1839. He was
brought by his parents to Crawford County
in the fall of 1849, when ten years old.
They bought land in Watts Precinct, now
Oblong Township, and his father at one time
owned 1,000 acres, which he divided up
among his children. His chances for an ed-
ucation were quite limited. The school-
houses were very scattering, and in order to
attend school was compelled to go quite a
distance. He attended school about two
months in the year until twenty-one years of
age. He remained and worked with his
father until twenty-seven years of age, and
on April 18, 1867, was man-ied to Sarah
Jane Kirk, a native of Licking County, Ohio,
born June 28, 1843. He then built on the
farm of 200 acres given him by his father.
Since that he has added IGO acres, and has
it all in cultivation, and raises grain and
stock. They have five children, namely:
Frances, William, Emma C, Herbert G.
find Maud. Mr. Henry has always been a
Democrat and has taken some little part in
political matters. He served in various town-
ship offices.
JAMES HOPPER, harness maker, Oblong,
was born in Wayne County, Ind., September
21, 1821. His parents were natives of Vir-
ginia. His father, John Hopper, was born
in the year 1787 and died in 1823, when onr
subject was but two years old. Our subject's
mother, Sarah (Shortridge), was born in the
year 1788 and died in 1852. The early part
of oui- subject's life was spent in Wayne
County, the place of his birth. When, in
1833, at twelve years of age, he and his
mother and family emigrated to Hancock
County, Ind., and there he devoted most of
his time to farming, although he spent his
spare time in a blacksmith shop. In 1846, he
emigrated to Jasper County, 111., and pur-
chased a farm, and successfully engaged in
agricultural pursuits for twelve years, at
which time, in 1858, he removed to Willow
Hill, of the same county, and engaged in
blacksmithing. When after about fom- years
of success in that line of business, in 1862
he enlisted in Company D, Ninety-eighth
Illinois Volunteers, and was engaged in sev-
eral battles, namely : Frankfort, Ky. , Mur-
freesboro, were the principle ones, besides
quite a number of skirmishes. He was dis-
charged at Chicago on account of disability.
OBLONG TOWNSHIP.
U43
February 12, 1864, at which timo he came
back to his farm in Jasper County, and en-
gaged in the raising of grain and stock until
the fall of 1878, at which time he came to
Oblong and engaged in harness-making. His
stock invoices at about §600. Mr. Hopper
has been man-ied twice, the first time in Han-
cock County, Ind., November 9, 1843, to
Verlinda "Walker, a native of Cai-olina. They
had five children, namely: George, John H.
(deceased), Sarah Ann, Mary Jane and Susan
Louisa. His wife died December 11, 1869.
He maiTied again June 29. 1871, to Eebecca
Pearce.
JOHN IKEMIER, farmer, P. O. Eaton.
He was born in Ohio July 3, 1838. His
father, Andrew, was a native of Pennsylva-
nia, born in the year 1795, and died March,
1880. His mother, Catharine (Snyder), was
born in Pennsylvania in the year 1798, and
died in the year 1870. Subject was reared
on a fai-m in Ohio until fifteen years of age,
at which time he came with his parents to
Crawford County and settled on a farm in
Oblong Township, on the farm now occupied
by subject. His chaflces for education were
rather limited. In Ohio, the schools were
far apart, and consequently he did not at-
tend school very much. He remained at
home and worked for his father until about
twenty-eight years of age. at which time he
engaged in farming for himself. He owns a
nice farm of 120 acres, of which about all is
in cultivation, and raises grain, principallv
wheat, corn and oats. He was married in
Crawford County, at the age of twenty- two, to
Laura Stephens, a native of Licking County,
Ohio. They have one child — John.
ELISHA KENDALL, farmer, P. O. Grand
Glade, is an enterprising farmer. He was
born in Shelby County, Ind. He was reared
there, and his chances for an education was
limited to subscription schools, would attend
about four months in the year until nineteen
years of ago, at which timo commenced work-
ing out by the month in Davis County, Iowa;
worked there one year. During this time,
his father removed to Lucas County, Iowa,
and he (subject) as soon as his father came,
joined him and farmed with him one year, at
which time he (subject) came back to Shelby
County, Ind., and worked by the month one
year. On July 7, 18r>3, he was married to
Mary B Elkins, daughter of Judge Elkins.
She was a native of Randolph County, Ind.
In the same yeai-, 1853, they removed to Lu-
cas Coiinty, Iowa, and engaged in farming
on a piece of land of 120 acres given him
(subject) by his father, and after four years
of successful farming, went back to Shelby
County, Ind., in the fall of 1857. In the
meantime, he had traded his farm in Iowa
for land in Crawford County, 111., Oblono'
Township. They remained in Indiana one
year, when, in the fall of 1858, came to Craw-
ford County and built a house on his land
and commenced improving the land. He has
forty acres in cultivation and eighty acres of
timber land, and has ever since been success-
fully engaged in the raising of grain and
stock, with exception of the time he was
sei-ving in defense of our country's liberties.
He enlisted August 9, 1862, in Company D,
Ninety-eighth Illinois Volunteer Infantry,
but was mounted after two or three months'
service. He was in several battles, namely:
Hoover's Gap, Chickamauga, Shelbyville,
Buzzard Eoost, Mission Ridge, Selma, be-
sides several other skirmishes. Dui'ing the
time he was in the army, his wife was at
home on a farm almost in a wilderness, with
three little children. They have had five
children, namely: Sarah M., who died in Iowa
from the bite of a rattlesnake, which, in her
play, she had picked up on the ground; The-
odore P. , is a well-educated man and a profes-
346
BIOGRArmCAL:
sional school teacher, has had seven years' ex-
perience m teaching; Victoria, deceased, died
in 1859; William E., is a superior, talented
young man, he commenced teaching school
when sixteen years old; Mary Annette, de-
ceased, died October 25, 1862. Our subject
has never taken much part in political mat-
ters, but his wife was a great politician, and
a favorite of the Eepublican party.
HAMILTON C. KIBBIE, M. D., Oblong.
Although a young man. Dr. Kibbie has
had such advantages for advancement in
his chosen profession as are afforded to
few. He is a graduate of the Medical
Department of the University of Michi-
gan, and of the Chemical Department of
the same institution. He also was con-
nected, as Assistant Surgeon, with mili-
tary services during the war; and be-
sides having been the private pupil of sev-
eral of the most eminent American pro-
fessors, he has had the additional advan-
tages derived from some four years' residence
in Europe, and study and training under the
most celebrated savans in London, Berlin
and Paris. Being conversant with both the
French and German languages, he was
enabled to study with advantage under the
instructions of the renowned medical men
of those countries. He attended the lectures
of the celebrated Yon Neimeyer, of Fiebin-
gen. South Germany, and of the lectures of
professors of the Ecole-de-Medicin, Paris,
France, and of the IJniversity of Berlin,
Germany; also attended the clinics of Pro-
fessors Von Graafe, of Berlin, Nelaton, of
Hospital Hotel Dieu, Paris, and Neidhart, of
Stuttgart, Germany. No man could have
made more out of the advantages afforded
him than has Dr. Kibbie. He is a man of
very great energy and " push," working with
all his might on whatever matter he may
have in hand. He was born in Somers,
Tolland County, Conn., September 25, 1844.
He was reared there in the town, and re-
ceived the benefit of the common schools
there. At the age of thirteen he attended
high school, and afterward received instruc-
tions at Edward Hall's family boarding
school for five years, at which time went to
Saratoga Springs, N. Y., and served as an
apprentice there, working on the Saratoga
Fi-ess. As early as 1861, he commenced the
study of medicine under Joel & Warren,
and attended his first course of lectures at
Berkshire Medical College, Pittsfield, Mass.
He went from there to the University of
Michigan, situated at Ann Arbor, and con-
tinued there one year, at which time he en-
tered the United States service as Medical
Cadet, United States Army. After a few
months' service, he appeared before the
United States Medical Examining Board,
passed the examination, and received the ap-
pointment as Assistant Surgeon United States
Army; detailed to duty, and afterward trans-
ferred, and served as an executive ofiScer at
St. Mary's United States Army General Hos-
pital. At the close of the war, he returned to
the University of Michigan, and graduated
from the Medical Department, and took up
an optional course in the Scientific Depart-
ment, and graduated from the Depai-tment
of Medicine and the Department of Chem-
istiy, in the class of 1866. On leaving the
University, he went to Eui-ope, spending the
winter of 1867 at the clinics at Berlin,
Prussia. He ti-aveled through Prussia, Aus-
tria and Switzerland the next summer, and
attended the University of Tubingen. At-
tended there about three months, at which
time he went to Paris, and spent nine months
in walking the hospital wards of Paris, at
which time he returned home to Hartford,
Conn., by way of London and Edinburgh. In
1870, he located at Roscoe, Mo., for the
OBLONG TOWNSHIP.
347
practice of medicine. He edited the first
Democratic newspaper in St. Clair County
after the war. He advocated the election
of B. Gratz Brown, and the re-enfran-
chisment of the white citizens of the
country. After the success of the liberal
movement, he removed the office to the
county seat of St. Clair County — Osceola;
lived there seven years, and held an interest
in the paper, but practiced medicine to a con-
siderable extent. Afterward, he was the ex-
amining physician for a medical iniu-mary,
and traveled throughout the Gulf States, and
also traveled for same institution one year
in the Northwest. He removed from Osceola
to Oblong, Crawford County, 111., in 1878,
built a residence in the town, and engaged
in the practice of medicine. He was mai--
ried in Germany, in 1868, to Ida F.
Gerdes, a native of South Germany. They
have three children living, namely: Kenton
v., Carlos E., Eobert Cushman. Our sub-
ject is a lineal descendant of Robert Cush-
man, the first Puritan minister that came over
in the Mayflower. His father, Charles E.,
is a native of Connecticut, born in Somers
County, in the year 1818, and is living in
Hartford, Conn. His mother, Elizabeth
(Jennings), was a native of Beckett, Berk-
shire County, Mass., and died at subject's
birth. He is a Eoyal Arch Mason, and a
member of the Philadelpiiia Society. He is
the author and composer of the medical case
notes and case records — Kibbie's Case Notes,
and Kibbie's Case Records.
D. P. KIRTLAND, miller. Oblong, was
born in York State, Ontario County, in the
year 1849, and was reared there on his fa-
ther's farm, and remained thereon until twen-
ty-two years of age. He is a man of .superior
business qualities. When twenty-two years of
age, in 1871, he emigi'ated to Kansas, and
engaged in farming and stock-dealing, and
also spent some of his time in a grist-mill
there. He continued there ten years to a
day. In 1881, he came to Crawford County,
Oblong Township, and finished or rebuilt
the mill there with machinei-y, and is doing
quite an extensive business in buying grain
and milling. The firm name is Kirtland
Bros. They handle about 22,000 bushels
of grain in a year. He was married in Sep-
tember, 1882, to Almira Hawkins, a native of
Crawford County.
ORLANDO B. KIRTLAND, miller. Ob-
long, was born in York State June 20, 1853.
His education was limited to the common and
graded schools of that State. In 1877, he
emigrated to Kansas, and engaged in farm-
ing and stock-dealing, and remained there
until 1879,. at which time he went back o
York State. In 1881, he came to Crawford
County and engaged in the mill at Oblong,
with his brother, which business they are
still engaged in.
RICHARD LACKEY, farmer, P. O. Ob-
long, was born in Clark County, Ky. , No-
vember 13, 1814, and is one of the pioneers
of Crawford County. At about the age of
fifteen, in 1829, he came with his parents to
Crawford County, and they settled near Pal-
estine. About four miles north of Palestine
they bought and entered land also. His
chances for an education were limited. The
nearest school for some time was at Pales-
tine, a distance of four miles. At about
twenty-one years of age, he engaged in farm-
ing for himself. In 1839, he came into Ob-
long Township and entered 200 acres of land
in Section 2, mostly timber land. He has
about seventy acres in cultivation. He was
married, February, 1837, to Rachael Wood.
She was born in Crawford Coimty, 111. . Jan-
uary 19, 1818. They have six children,
namely: William T. , Mary, Joseph, Nancy
Ann, Caroline and Margaret. Mr. Lackey
348
BIOGRAPHICAL:
was raised an Old-Line \Vliig, and now is a
member of the Republican party. His fa-
ther (John) was a native of Virginia, and
his mother (Nancy Wilson) was also a native
of Virginia.
WILLIiUI T. LACKEY, farmer, P. O.
Oblong, is an enterprising farmer and a na-
tive of Crawford County, 111. He was born
about two miles southeast of Robinson, Sep-
tember 13, 1838. He was reared here on a
farm and received a common school educa-
tion, as good as any of tbe boys received in
that time. He attended school in the tii-st
schoolhouse that was built in the neighbor-
hood by the neighbors. He first attended
subscription schools, but afterward attended
free schools. The distance he had to travel
was from one and one-half to three miles.
He lived with his father until twenty-three
years of age, then went to farming for him-
self. Rented a farm at first for one year,
but afterward purchased eighty acres in Sec-
tion 3, where he has been successfully en-
gaged in farming. He has seventy-five acres
in cultivation, and raises grain principally.
He was married, November 21, 1861, to Mary
Moyer, a native of Perry County, Ohio. They
have nine children, namely: Rosella, Han-
nah J., Joseph, Rachael C, John T., Elmer
R., Richard D., William E., and Mary B.
REUBEN LEACH, farmer, P. O. Oblong.
Mr. Leach is one of Crawford County's old
pioneers, that has endured hardships, battled
with the Indians, hunted deer, and at the
same time enjoyed himself as well or better
than any of us do at this present day and age
of the world. He was born in Lincoln Coun-
ty, Ky., September 17, 1807, and was reared
there on his father's farm. In 1880, he em-
igrated (when twenty-three years of age) to
Montgomery County, but did not remain
there but two months, at which time he came
to Crawford Counly, 111., and after remain-
ing here awhile settled down to farming. In
1831, he pm-chased a farm of 200 acres three-
fomths of a mile north of Oblong, and suc-
cessfully engaged in farming until 1870, at
which time he was chosen by the people of
Crawford County to fill the responsible and
important ofBce as Sheriff of the county, and
served one term of two years, after which
he retired to Oblong, where he is now com-
fortably taken care of in his old days. Mr.
Leach has always been a Democrat, and be-
sides the honorable position as Sheriff which
he has held, he has served in various town-
ship offices, as Constable at different times
for fifteen years in all, and as Justice of the
Peace three years. He chose a partner to
battle with him through this vale of tears,
July 15, 183-1. Her name was Amelia Stew-
ard. They lived together happily until July
80, 1854, at which time it pleased the Al-
mighty to take her home to rest. His fancy
was awakened when afterward he met one
Lydia Bo%vman. a native of Perry County,
Ohio, and they were united March 30, 1856.
His childi-en are, namely: Polly, wife of Ja-
cob Noble, living in Kansas; David S. ; Jane,
wife of Rev. AVilliam P. Hart, living in Mor
gan County, 111. ; Alfred C. and John A. are
livino- in Kansas; Alice Ella, wife of Robert
Wood, living in Oblong Townshijs. Subject's
father, Mathew Leach, aqd his mother, Polly
(Gullet), were natives of Virginia, and were
the parents of eight children, namely: Will-
iam (deceased),Reuben (subject), Mathew, Da-
vidson, Jane and Susan are deceased, Phoe-
be, living in Lincoln County, Ky. ; Christina,
wife of James Eoff, living in Oblong.
JAMES M. LEFEVER, farmer, P. O. Ob-
long, is a substantial farmer of Oblong Town,
ship. He was born in Richland County,
Ohio, January 31, 1838. His father (Abra-
ham) was a native of Pennsylvania, and his
mother (Mary Close) was a native of Virginia.
OBLONG TOWXSHIP.
349
Our subject was taken by his parents to Ma-
rion County, Ohio, when foui' years old, in
1848. He was reared on a farm and en-
joyed the luxuries of fai'm life. His chances
for an education were somewhat limited. In
those days, the schools that were in existence
were subscription schools and very few in
number. His father died when he was about
eight years of age, and he remained at home
and helped his mother support the family
until nineteen years old. After that he came
to Greene Coimty, 111. , and worked out by
the month for three years, after which time
he returned to Marion (Jounty, Ohio, and en-
gaged in farming. On April 19, 1866, he
was married in Marion County, Ohio, to
Susan Curfman, a native of Ohio. They
have four children living and one dead,
namely: John A., Eva Jane, "Wesley An-
drew, James T. and Mary Etta (deceased).
July 1, 1873, he came to Crawford County.
Oblong Township, and he and his brother
bought 155 acres of land, which was equally
divided. Since that he has purchased forty
acres in Section 24, and forty in Section 23,
besides more additional puirhases. He has
about 170 acres in cultivation and is success-
fully engaged in the raising of grain and
stock. Mr. Lefever is no politician, nor has
he taken any part in political matters, only
to go to the polls and vote the Republican
ticket.
A. F. LEFEVER, farmer, P. O. Oblong,
was bom in Marion County, Ohio, March
26, 1843, and is now a reliable farmer of
Oblong Township. He was reared in Ohio,
and his chances for an education were very
limited. His father died when he (subject)
was three years old, and left his mother with
a large family of children to support. He
did not attend school any after he was ten
years old but remained at home and very
generously helped to support his mother and
family. In the summer of 1861, he did the
first work for himself, and on October 15,
1861, he enlisted in Company B, Sixty-
fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and showed
his bravery in several battles, namely: Battle
of Shiloh, Murfreesboro, Peach Tree Creek
Chattanooga, Ringgold, Buzzard Roost, Res-
aca, Kenesaw Mountain, Atlanta, Jonesboro,
Franklin, Tenn., besides many other skir-
mishes. He was mustered out at Nashville,
Tenn., December 11, 1865. at which time he
came back to Ohio to his mother's, and the
next spring took a contract for making ties
and chopping wood; continued in that for
one year. He then went Ho farming in Mar
ion County, and sucoe-ssfully engaged in
farming there until July, 1873, at which
time he came to Crawford County, 111., and
he and his brother bought 155 acres of land
which was equally divided; since then he has
added forty-live acres and raises grain prin-
cipally. He was maiTied, March 26, 1868,
to Sarah Cui-fman. Their children are,
namely: Isaac Francis (living), James Rob-
ert (deceased), Amanda (living), William A.
(living), Ella May (living), Mary Ida (living),
Pearley (living), Maggie (living),
J. H. LIVELY, farmer, P. O. Oblong, is
a substantial farmer of Oblong Township.
He was born in Morgan County, Ind. , August
7, 1842. His father, William, was a native
of Kentucky, born in the year 1812, died
March, 1870. His mother. Charity (Pearcy),
was also a native of Kentucky, and died
about the year 1847. Subject was reared in
Morgan County, and his chances for edua-
tion, although limited, were obtained in com-
mon schools of Morgan County. He was
reared on a farm, and at the age of seven-
teen years, commenced working out by the
month, and worked by the month until
twenty- two years of age although one year
I in that time put out a crop for himself. In
350
BIOGRAPHICAL:
the spring of 1865, he came to Crawford
County, 111., and worked by the month that
summer, when, on May 7, 1865, he was
married here in Crawford County, 111., to
Anna C. Hess. She was born in Morgan
County, Ind. When married, his wife had
1'20 acres of land; they removed thereon and
since then has added 120 acres more, and
has been successfully engaged in the raising
of grain principally. They have had seven
children, of which sis are now living, namely:
William C, James C, Mary Catharine, de-
ceased, Salena. Ireiia, Iva Alice and Emma
Esther. He belongs to the Masonic order,
Oblong City Lodge, No. 644.
JOSEPH F. MARSHALL. County Sur-
veyor, Oblong, is a man of superior business
qualities, and quite a politician. He was
born July 11, 1820, in Virginia. He spent
his early days on « farm, and at the age of
thirteen was taken by his parents to Hamil-
ton County, Ind., and settled there in the
woods, and commenced clearing up their land;
it was situated one and one half miles west
of Westtield, on a creek called Cool Creek,
at which time his father, in 1833, died at
the age of forty-two years. He was a native of
Periy County, N. C, aad in the fall of 1834
his mother died. She was also a native of
North Carolina. Leaving a family of seven
children, of whom live are now living,
namely: Joshua, Joseph F., subject, Martha,
Job, Ruth. Subject, after the death of his par-
ents, rambled in several counties in Indiana,
namely: Henry, Rush, and Hancock, jarinci-
pally. He was the manager of several saw
mills during this time up to 1848, at which
time, eager to change his occupation, re-
moved to Philadelphia, and engaged in mer-
chandising. In 1861, he came to Crawford
Connty, Oblong Township, and settled on a
farm. He successfully engaged in farming
until ISSl, at which time he rented his farm
out and came to Oblong City to live. He
was chosen to till the responsible office of
County Surveyor, by the votes of the Demo-
cratic party, in the fall of 1875, and being
an energetic and go-ahead kind of man, and
one that understands his profession, is still
serving in same office. He has served as
Justice of the Peace at different times, which
office he now holds. Was elected Justice of
the Peace of Oblong Township in the spring
of 1881. He was married, Januai'y 5, 1843,
to Susan Byrket, a native of Indiana. They
were married in Henry County, Ind. They
have four childi-en, namely: Mary Eliza-
beth, John, Heniy, Joseph A.
B. C. McLAIN, farmer, P. O. Robinson,
is a man of superior agricultural talent, and
a neat and enterprising farmer of Oblong
TownshijJ. He was born in Licking County,
Ohio, January 1, 1837, and reared there.
His chances for education were limited to
the common schools of the county. In about
the year 1841, when about fom- years of age,
he was brought by his parents to Illinois.
They rented a farm near Peoria, but on ac-
count of sickness in the family they did not
remain there but one year, at which time re-
tui-ned to Ohio. In the winter of 1864, he
and his f)arents came to Crawford County
and purchased a farm in Licking Township.
At the age of twenty-one, he commenced
working for himself. He cropj)ed with his
father the first year. His father, William,
was a native of Pennsylvania, and his mother,
Sophia (Blind), was a native of Virginia, born
in the Shenandoah Valley. Subject was mar-
ried, November 29, 1868. to Mary Hill. She
was bom in Crawford County November 23,
1851. They have two children, Elmer H., Ira
Dale. After man'iage, his father gave him 240
acres in Section 36, of which he has 200
acres in cultivation, and is principally en-
gaged in the raising of grains.
UBLONG TOWNSHIP.
351
WILLIAM E. MITCHELL, farmer, P. O.
Grand Glade, is a substantial farmer of Oblong
Township. He was bom in Lawi-ence Coun-
ty, Ind., March 7, 1833. He was reared
there on a farm. His chances for an educa-
tion were fair. He received a good common
school education. He would attend about
three months in the year. In 1852, he came
to Crawford County and settled in Robinson
Township. He took a lease on a piece of
land for foiir years, and afterward pui-chased
land there. His father was a native of Ken-
tuckj% born in the year 1790, and died Octo-
ber 11, 1S55. After his father's death, he
remained with his mother on the farm, which
they had a lease on. They purchased 100
acres of land, of which 40 acres was oui- sub-
ject's. He remained with his mother and
helped improve this land until 1857, at which
time he was married to Maria Dispeunett,
a native of Licking County, Ohio. She died
February 4, 1859, leaving him with one
child, namely, Isaac W. He was then mar-
ried to Miss Martha Dispennett, December 21,
1860. She is a native of Licking County,
Ohio, born February 4, 1840. They have
seven children, namely: Mary I., Margaret
P., John A., Jacob E., Charles E., Merit M.
and Ethel. They have three dead, namely:
William H., Mai-tha J , Joseph A. Our sub-
ject is possessed with traits of mechanism.
He served an apprenticeship in making and
laying brick, commencing at about nine years
of age, and continued at different times until
nineteen years. He served, in 1857, three
mcinths as plasterer under George Harper, and
afterward went in as a partner with William
Walters. And after worked under some car-
penters for some time, and went into partner-
ship with them. At those trades and some
farming he is successfully engaged.
D. F. NEWBOLD. farmer, P. O. Oblong,
is an industrious and enterprising farmer of
Oblong Township. He was born in Scott
County, Ky., October 25, 1825. When five
years old, he was taken by his parents to
Rush County, Ind. , and they settled there
on a farm. His chances for education were
rather limited. He was reared on a farm
and attended common school about two
months in the year, until seventeen years of
age. At the age of twenty-two, he engaged
in farming for himself in Rush County, and
successfully continued in farming there until
1857, at which time he came to Crawford
County, III, Oblong Township, and pui'-
chased a farm. He successfully engaged in
farming until fall of 1860, at which time re-
tui-ned to Rush County, Ind. In October,
1863, he came back to Crawford County, Ob-
long Township, and bought 80 acres in Sec-
tion 25; since that he has added 145 acres to
it, making in all 225 acres of nice prairie
land. He is engaged in raising grain and
stock. He was man-ied, Januaiy 1, 1847, in
Rush County, Ind. , to Sai-ah Thomas, a na-
tive of Pennsylvania. Have one child,
namely: James Thomas, farming in Rush
County, Ind. Her death occun-ed in Rush
County, Ind., July 1, 1850. He was man-ied
again, in Rush County, Ind., August 30,
1854, to Eliza Jane Kirkpatrick, and have
three children living, namely: Sarah Flor-
ence, Theodore, Jesse R. Her death occur-
ring in Januaiy, 1873, in Oblong Township,
he was married again in same year to Mary
Ann Smith. Have one child, Nellie. One
step-daughter, Albina E. Smith. Mr. New-
bold has always been a Democrat, and has
served in various township offices. He served
as Collector of township four terms, and as
Assessor one teiTQ, and was elected Super-
visor by the Democratic party in spring of
1881, and was re-elected for a second term
in spring of 1882, which office he now
holds.
352
BIOGRAPHICAL:
M. E. RAFFERTY, M. D., Oblong, is a
young man of principle and good moral char-
acter, and has quite an extensive jbractice in
medicine in the vicinity of Oblong. He vyas
born in Lawrence County, Ind. , July 31,
1851. He was reared in Springville, Law-
rence County, Ind., and had good advantages
afforded him in the opportunity of a good
education, and being a youth of energy and
industrious habits, enjoyed the privilege of
attending free schools in Springville until
manhood, and when not engaged in the
schools was clerking in his father's store. At
the age of twenty-one, he became a partner of
his faiher in a general store of merchandise.
In 1872, he came to Palestine and engaged
in the drug business, but not liking that,
sold out and returned to his father and again
as a partner in the store, and at leisure time
was reading medicine. In 1878, he attended
Long Island Hospital College, situated at
Brooklyn, N. Y. In 1879, came to Palestine
and went into partnership with his brother
to practice medicine. After successfully en-
gaging in his practice for some time, in 1881
removed to Oblong, 111., and has been suc-
cessfully engaged in his practice. His
father, M. C. Rafiferty, is a native of Ken-
tucky, born in the year 1817, and is in the
mercantile business in Springville, Ind.
His mother, Mary S. Benedict, is also a na-
tive of Kentucky, born in Lexington, in the
year 1824. Subject belongs to the Oblong
City Lodge, A., F. & A. M., No. 644.
ALEXANDER REED, farmer, P. O. Ob-
long, was born and reared in Crawford Coun-
ty, 111., and is one of Oblong's substantial
farmers. He was born on La Motte Prairie,
below Hutsonville, February 6, 1839. When
quite a small boy, was brought by his parents
to Watts Precinct, now Oblong Township.
His chances for an education were very limit-
ed; for some time there were no schools in
existence. The first school he attended was
at the age of fourteen years, at which time
patrons of school^'went to work and built a
log schoolhouse. At the age of twenty- two,
he com.menced working for himself. He en-
gaged in farming. In April, 1861, he was
married to Elizabeth Kirbj". She was born
in Crawford County. After marriage he set-
tled on a farm' in Licking Township, and
successfully engaged in farming there four
years. In March, 1865, came to his present
place of location, of 108 acres, and has it
partly in cultivation, and raises grain prin-
cipally. He has three children, namely:
Clara, wife of Edward Roberts, Charles and
Enos Jesse.
JACOB SEARS, farmer, P. O. Oblong,
was born in Edgar County, 111., March 19,
1837. His parents emigrated to Indiana
when he was but an infant. In 1843, when
he was six years old, was brought to Craw-
ford County, 111., and they settled on the wild
land in Martin Township. There, amid the
life of pioneers, our subject spent his early
days. He had no chances for education
whatever there, as there was no school in the
neighborhood, and consequently got no edu-
cation. He was industrious and energetic
and remained with his parents until the war
broke out, at which time, in 1862, enlisted
in Company F, Sixty-second Regiment Illi-
nois Volunteer Infantry, and served as a
gallant soldier until close of the war. He
was mustered out at Springfield. After the
war, came back to his home in Martin Town-
ship, after which went to working out by
the month as a farm hand for some time.
He was married, in 1869, to Maria Hess, a
native of Indiana, and have four- blooming
little childi-en, namely: Anna Christina,
Samuel, Millie, Louis.
ADAM S. SILER, farmer, P. O. Hardins-
ville, is an old settler and pioneer of Craw-
OBLONG TOWXSIIIP.
353
ford County, and a substantial fanner of Ob-
long Township. He was born in Licking
County, Ohio, June 23, 1820. H^ was
reared and lived there until over thi) ty years
of his life were spent there. His chances
for an education were veiy limited. At about
the age of five years he entered a school
room. He had learned his A B O's at home,
and an Englishman was teaching the school,
a kind of an old tp-ant. He canned a veiy
lar "e cane, taken from a thorn tree, with a
forked knot whittled sharp for a handle.
"With that he would peck his scholars. And
because he could not spell and pronounce
the word "Ba, " he was beaten over the head
with that cane as above described until the
blood streamed down his shoulders. He also
compelled him to stand in the corner of the
room and would not let him go home for his
dinner, which was but a short distance. He
was so frightened that he could not pro-
nounce the word. His older brothers went
home for their dinners and their father came
back with them and inquired what was the
matter. He called to his boy to come to him
and spell the word, which he did readily.
He then was released and went home for his
dinner, but was so frightened that he would
not attend school any more. He was sent
but would play tniant. He would go off into
the woods or some other place. But on ar-
riving at the age of twenty -one, and know-
ing what an education was worth, he pro-
cured a set of bookt-- and attended school about
thi'ee months, and in that time learned to read
and write. On entering the school room, told
the teacher that he came there to learn, and
as he never attended school, that he was very
ignorant and that he did not want to be made
the laughing stock of the school, and more,
he would not take it. He told the teacher
that he wanted him to try and learn him all
that he could. He entered a class composed
of small boys, their ages ranging from six to
sQven years, and by diligence, at the end of
the term made quite an advancement in his
studies. He was reared on a farm and re-
mained with his* father until twenty-five
years of age. The next year engaged in
farming for himself. He was married, Au-
gust 23, 1847, to Cynthia Stone. She was
born and raised in Licking County, Ohio.
They were married in Ohio. He then
rented a farm, and after three years spent
in successful farming, he emigrated to a
new country. He came to Crawford Coun-
ty, Oblong Township, in the fall of 1850,
and purchased 160 acres of raw land. There
was a little log cabin on the land and about
four acres in cultivation. He commenced
improving his land, and after four years of
unsuccessful farming and discouragement he
retui-ned to Ohio. While here he had bor-
rowed money and invested it in hogs, which
all died with the cholera. He also invested
some money in milch cows, which died also.
While he was in Ohio, which was about four
weeks, some hunters from Terre Haute came
out in the neighborhood of his farm and
set fire to the grass, which bui-nt all the
fencing he had built on his farm, which was
about 21,000 rails and stakes. The first
mill that he went to was down on the Em-
barrass River, and thought it very funny to
see them sharpening the "buhrs" with an
old ax and mattock. Since then has sold
fifty acres, leaving him 110 acres, of which
95 acres is in cultivation, and is successfully
engaged in the raising of grain. It was his
misfortune to lose his wnfe February 8,
1875, leaving him with one child, namely,
Edgar. He was mai-ried again, in June,
1877, to Ruth A. Cunningham. She was
born in York State, March 24, 1835. They
have two children, namely: Lily Maud and
Arthur Philip. She was married before.
■Soi
BIOGRAPHICAL:
also, and has the following children, namfilj':
James Edward, John Osborne, George A.,
Samuel Elruer, Frank Medford, Thomas
Hartford, Frederic William. Mr. Siler is a
very pious old gentleman, and has been a
member of the Methodist Episcopal Church
for over twnnty-five years. His wife is also
a member of the same church. He is a mem-
ber of the Patrons of Husbandry.
HENRY SHEETS, farmer, P. O. Oblong,
is an enterprising and reliable farmer of Ob-
long Township. He was born in Vigo Coun-
ty, Ind., June 18, 1844. At the age of
seven, was brought by his parents to Craw-
ford County, III., and settled on a farm in
Oblong Township, about one mile west of
the farm subject now lives on, and in a
few months removed to the farm now occu-
pied by subject. Oar subject's education
was limited to a common school education,
although had as good a chance for education
as any one had at that time. At the age of
twenty-one, he commenced working for him-
self on his father's farm, and successfully
engaged in farming there for six years, at
which time purchased 49 acres of unimproved
land and commenced improving it, and lived
thereon about two years. He then removed
near Vincennes, Ind., in Lawrence County,
and after about one and one half years of
successful farming, came back to the farm in
Oblong Township, which was deeded him by
his father, and has been successfully engaged
in the raising of grain. He was married in
Crawford County to Esther Balie, in 1867.
She was a native of Indiana. Her death oc-
cun-ing February 21, 1871, he was married
again in 1874 in Knox County, Ind., to Mar-
tha E. Marshall, a native of Indiana. They
have foui- ehildien, namely: Elmer, Ai-thiu-,
Calvin and Ida. His father, John, is a na-
tive of Knox County, Ind., born in the year
1817, and is living in Oblong Township.
His mother, Susan Bales, was a native of
Tennessee, born in the year 1816, and died
in Oblong Township in 1856.
JOHN H. SNYDER, farmer, P. O. Oblong.
is an enterprising farmer of Oblong Town-
ship. He was born in Perry County, Ohio,
December 14, 1833. In 1841, when subject
was about eight years old, they (he and his
parents) removed to Licking County, Ohio,
and settled there on a farm. His chances
for education were rather limited. They re-
mained in Licking County some two or three
years, when his father and family returned
to Perry County, and took care of subject's
grandfather and grandmother about one year,
at which time came back to Licking County
to the farm previously settled on. At the age
of twenty-one, he, our subject, commenced
working for himself. He worked for John
B. Jones seven years; the wages he received
were $175 per year. After he had served so
faithfully and so long for Mr. Jones, he
(Jones) pui-chased a farm and put it in the
hands of subject to run. He ran the farm
about eighteen months, at which time Mr.
Jones died. In 1865, he (subject) came to
Crawford County, Oblong Township, and
piu'chased a farm known as the Sol Hacket
farm, and removed thereon, but farmed there
but one year, at which time sold out on ac-
count of its sickly location. The next year
he rented. In the spring of 1869, he pur-
chased his present farm of 80 acres, and is
engaged in the raising of grain and stock.
He was married, January 31, 1855, to Cath-
arine Bell. She was born in Greene County,
Penn., in the year 1835. Their children
are Emma M., Albert W., Zella F., Anna
M. Subject's father was a native of Penn-
sylvania, and his mother a native of Mary-
land.
J. H. WILKIN, farmer, P. O. Oblong,
is an estimable and reliable farmer of Ob-
OBLONG TOWNSHIP.
33S
long Township. He was born in Licking
County, Ohio, July 22, 1825. In 1829, when
about fmu- years old, he was taken by his
parents to Fairfield County. His chances for
education were somewhat limited. He at-
tended school about two months in the year.
At the age of twenty-one he engaged iu farm-
ing for himself. On June 21, 1846, he was
man-ied to Lavina Ann Hilton. She was a
native of Fairfield County, Ohio. Have one
child living, William. In October, 1848, he
came to Crawford County, and pui'chased a
fai-m of 200 acres in Sections 17 and IS,
Oblong Township, of unimproved land. His
wife died December 7, 1848. He remained
here in Crawford County until March, 1849,
at which time returned to Licking County,
Ohio, and engaged in fai-ming. In 1851,
June 21, was married to Emily Wilson, a
native of Licking County. Have one child
living and one dead, namely: Marj' Fran-
ces, Harriet O., deceased. In April, 1852,
he came back to Crawford County. His
wife's death occmring September 3, 1854, in
Crawford County, he was married again,
March 1, 1855, to Mary E. Comly, a native
of Perry County, Ohio, and has two chil-
dren living and one dead, namely: Lafay-
ette Clarence, and Lticy E., are living, Kosa
A., deceased. Our subject's father, Jacob,
was a native of Virginia, He was Ijorn in
Shenandoah County in the year 1797, and
died in Crawford County about the year 1856.
His mother, Catharine (Bm-ner), was also a
native of Shenandoah County, Va., born in the
year 1802, and died in Crawford County
about the year 1874. Subject has 160 acres
of his laud in cultivation, and is successfully
engaged in the raising of gi'ain and stock.
He feeds his coarse grain to stock. He
takes some part in political matters, and
has served two terms as Supervisor of town-
ship in succession. Now he is serving as
School Trustee, which olfice he has held for
three successive terms. He is a member of
the Patrons of Husbandly.
THOMAS WILLIAMS, farmer, P. O. Ea-
ton. He was bom in Kentucky, April 27, in
the year 1841. In 1851, March 20, was
taken by his parents to Vigo County, Ind. ;
remained there three years, at which time
they removed to Sullivan County, and settled
there on a farm. His chances for education
were limited. When but a small boy, he had
an attack of white swelling on his left leg,
and which kept him from school, and when
he grew up was ashamed to attend school.
At the age of twenty-one he went to working
for himself. He engaged in farming in Sul-
livan County, Ind. After several successful
yeai's in farming there, he sold out, and in
spring of 1873 came to Crawford County,
Oblong Township, and piu'chased a farm in
Sections 10 and 11, of 120 acres, of which
60 acres is in cultivation. Raises grain, prin-
cipally wheat, corn and oats. He was mar-
ried, in 1864, to Fannie Kester; she was born
in Clark County, 111; have one adopted
boy, namely, Claudius Kester. Our sub-
ject's father, James, was born in Hardin
County, Ky. , in 1803 ; was a farmer, and died
in 1873, in Sullivan County, Ind. His
mother, Anna McQuilran, was born in Har-
din County, Ky., 1805; died 1876, in Sulli-
van County, Ind.
DANIEL H. WINTERS, shoe-maker. Ob-
long, was born in Wayne County, Ohio, April
26, 1842, and in that county spent his early
days. In 1852, at the age of ten, was brought
by his parents to Clark County. At the age
of sixteen, commenced to leam the trade of
shoe and boot making, by serving as appren-
tice in winter and in the summer time would
help his father on the farm. He continued
in that way for four years. He then, in
1862, enlifited in Comjjany G, One Hundj-ed
35(5
BIOGRAPHICAL:
and Twenty- third Illinois Volunteer Infan-
try, and was ss brave and gallant a soldier
as was ever mustered into force. He was in
a great many hard fought battles, namely:
Hoover's Gap, Gordon Mills, Crawfish
Springs, Dalton, Ga., Dallas, Ga., Kenesaw
Mountain,Chickamauga. Atlanta, besides quite
a number of skirmishes. He was mustered out
at Nashville, Tenn., June 28, 1865, at which
time came back to Clark County, 111., and at
Martinsville completed his apprenticeship,
and worked at his trade there until 1870, at
which time removed to Indiana, and worked
there at his trade two years, then came back
to Clark County, and remained there for some
time. In July, 1880, came to Oblong, and
has been successfully engaged at his trade
ever since. He was maiTied, March 23,
1867, to Adaline Brusman, a native of Ohio.
They have three children living, namely:
Hartford Sylvester, Charles Henry, William
Franklin, and Susie Estella Mauk, an orphan
child, living with them. His father, George
Winters, was born in Lancaster County,
Penn., in the year 1812. His mother, Eve
Hibsohman, was born in Lebanon County,
Penn., in the year 1808. They have two
childi-en living. Daniel H., subject, Mary,
wife of Christian Wearing, living in Clark
County, 111.
JACOB WIKT, farmer, P. O. Oblong, is a
substantial farmer of Oblong Township. He
was boin in Lancaster County, Penn., Febru-
ary 28, 1825. A-t about the age of eight
years, in 1833, he was taken by his parents
to Decatur County, Ind., and settled in the
woods. Mr. Wirt is what is called a self-
made man. His chances for education were
rather limited. He attended school very lit-
tle when young. After twenty-one years of
age, be obtained books and educated himself
to some extent. He was reared on the farm,
and at the age of seventeen commenced work-
ing for himself and gave his father half until
twenty- one years of age. He worked on a
farm four years by the month, afterward
farmed on his father's farm for three years,
at which time, February 22, 1S50, was mar-
ried in Decatm- County, Ind., to Catharine
Johnson, a native of Stiles County, Va., born
October 23, 1830. They have live childi-en,
namely: Zachariah, merchant in Oblong;
Isaiah, farming in Jasper County; Henry,
farming at home; Ennis. Mary Belle. In
the fall of 1853, he came to Crawford Coun-
ty, and pui-chased 40 acres of raw land, and
removed thereon in a little cabin that was on
the land. He remained there but six weeks,
when he removed to Davis Coimty. Iowa, and
spent the winter. He gave up the land
which he had purchased, and iu the next
spring, 1854, came back to same place and
piu'cbased 80 acres. Since then, he has ad-
ded 220 acres, but now has given 160 acres
to his two sons. He is successfully engaged
in the raising of grain and stock. His father,
Jacob, was a native of Germany, born in the
year 1783, and died in Decatur County, Ind.,
in 1851. His mother, Elizabeth Seabolt,
was also a native of Gennany. Subject, when
fii-st came here, lived a pioneer life. He was
obliged to go twelve miles to the jiost office,
and the nearest mill was twenty miles,
the distance he was obliged to go when he
had wheat to grind.
CAPT. WILLIAM WOOD, farmer, P. O.
Oblong, is one of Crawford County's pioneer
subjects, and a reliable citizen. He was born
three miles east of Eobinson, this county,
September 4, 1824, and was reared there on
his father's farm, when, in the fall of 1840,
subject removed West about eleven miles,
and settled on a farm in Watts Precinct.
After eight years of successful farming, he,
in 1848, removed to the farm he now occu-
pies. He entered 280 acres of land at above
MARTIN AND SOUTHWEST TOWNSHIPS.
357
time stated, and commenced improving it,
and now has as well an improved farm as you
will find in Oblong Township. Mr. "Wood
has quite a war record. He enlisted, on the
9th of August, 1862, in Company D, Ninety-
eiffhth Illinois Mounted Infantry, and was
engaged in quite a number of battles. Some
of the principal battles were, namely: Bat-
tle of Hoover's Gap, June 24, 1863; battle of
Chickamauga, which lasted three days. He
was on the raid after "Wheeler, which lasted
nine days and nights, and on the raid he was
in the battles of Murfreesboro, McMinnville.
and Farmington, and at the latter place capt-
ured Wheeler's Cavalry. The nest battles
he was entraged in were the battles of Cleve-
land, Tenn. , and Loudon; battle of Buzzard
Eoost. and the siege of Atlanta, and in the
battle of Dallas. He engaged in the service
as Captain, which position he held until hon-
orably discharged in December, 1864, on ac-
count of disability. His brother, Albert
Wood, enlisted in Company I, Twenty-first
Illinois Regiment; he was captured at Chicka-
mauga, and died at Andersonville. Our sub-
ject was married to Caroliue E. Ames, July
2, 1848. She was a native of Clark County,
Ohio. Eight children was the result of their
marriage, of whom two are living, viz. : Vf.
F. Wood and James A. Six are dead — Sarah
A. and Helen C, and four died in infancy.
Mr. Wood is an offspring from Joseph and
Margaret Wood; both were natives of Vir-
ginia. Their family were, viz. : Rachel, wife
of Richard Lackey, farming in Oblong Town-
ship; Mary, deceased; William, our subject;
Albert, deceased; Angeline, deceased; Emily
and Julia, twins; Emily, wife of R. F. Ames,
deceased; she is living in Oblong Township;
Julia, deceased; Eliza, deceased; Margaret,
deceased, wife of James A. Gill (deceased);
Virginia, deceased, wife of Hiram Larabee;
J. H. Wood, merchant in Robinson; Robert,
farming on the old farm, three miles east of
Robinson. Their father was a farmer and
stock dealer. He came into Illinois as early
as 1810, when it was in its wild stage, and
endured the life of a pioneer in hardship or
in pleasure, as you may call it — in hunting,
and also fighting with the red men of the
country. As early as 1815, he came to Craw-
ford County, and settled on land three miles
east of Robinson. Oui- subject has always
been a Republican, and has served in various
township olfices. He was elected Justice of
the Peace in 1850, and served twenty-four
years until 1880, and also served as School
Trustee for ten years. He has for several
years been a member of the Masonic
order.
MAETIN AND SOUTHWEST TOAVNSHIPS.
C. P. CARLTON, farming, P. O. Hardins-
vilie, was born in Champaign County, Ohio,
on the 13th day of December, 1850. He was
reared there in Mechanicsburg, and received
the benefits of a common and graded school
there until seventeen yeai's of age, at which
time, in 1867, he and his parents came to
Crawford County, 111., and settled on a farm
in Martin Township. When twenty-one years
of age, he commenced working for himself on
his father's farm. His father died January
31, 1877, and the next year, 1878, oiu- sub-
ject obtained possession of the farm, of which
he has 120 acres of improved land and forty
acres of timber land. Be is engaged in the
raising of grain and stock. He was married
here in Crawford County, 111., on the 3d of
March, 1875, to Joanna Hughes. She is a
358
BIOGRAPHICAL:
native of Kentucky. They have two children,
namely : Lizzie and HaiTy. Mi'. Carlton has
^•jrays been a Democrat, and has served as
X)Ilector of the township one term. He is a
member of the Masonic fi-aternity, Hardins-
ville Lodge, No. 756. His father, James, was
born in Johnstown, Penn. , in 1811, and died
in Crawford County, 111., December 31, 1876.
Our subject's mother, Eliza (Owen), was a na-
tive of Champaign County, Ohio, born in the
year 1813, and died in Crawford County, 111.,
in 1878.
WILLIAM CORTELYON, farmer, P. O.
Oblong, is a substantial farmer of Martin
Township. He was born in Warren County,
Ohio, December 13, 1826. His father, Peter,
was a native of York State, and died in Shelby
County, Ind., at about the age of seventy
years. His mother, Catharine (Vanpelt), was
a native of New Jersey, and died in Wan-en
County, Ohio. Subject was reared on a
farm in Ohio, and his chances for an educa-
tion was limited to subscription schools of
the country; he would attend school about
three months in the year. At the age of
seventeen, he went to serve as an apprentice
as a wagon and buggy maker. He served
four years. He afterward worked as jour-
neyman in different places in Ohio until
twenty -eight years of age, at which time, in
1854, removed to Middletown and bought a
house and lot, built a shop and engaged in
the making of wagons and buggies, and also
done considerable of repairing. He also en-
gaged in the undertaker's business. After
about seven years successfully spent in Mid-
dletown, he removed to Hendricks Township,
Shelby County, and there piu-chased a farm
of twenty-four acres, and engaged in farm-
ing some and worked some at his trade, and
also was engaged partly in the undertaker's
business there. After spending about seven
yeai-8 there, in the fall of 1867 he came to
Crawford County, 111., and rented land near
Eobinson, and after about seven years spent
there in successful farming he came to Ob-
long Township and rented the farm now
owned by John Sheets. In the spring of 1876,
he bought land in Martin Township and is suc-
cessfully engaged in the raising of gi-ain and
stock, principally hogs and corn. In 185-i,
he was married in Shelby County, Ind., to
Ann Rebecca Boggs, a native of Lancaster
County, Penn. Have live children, namely:
Han-iet Eliza, Leslie E., Everet L., Eletta A.,
William Clark. Subject is a member of the
Grange.
FOSTER DONNELL, farmer, P O. Har-
dinsville, he was born in Wilson County,
Tenn., June 18, 1818. He was taken by his
pai-ents fi-om there to Jackson's Piu'chase in
Tennessee in 1830, when he was twelve years
old. They remained there two or three years,
at which time they came to Crawford County,
111., and rented land near Palestine. Our
subject's father lived there until his death,
which occurred in 1858; he was born in
North Carolina 1797. Oiu- subject's mother
was born in Delaware about the close of the
eighteenth century, and died near Pales-
tine in 18-41. Our subject received but
very little education. He was engaged in
helping to support the family. When
nineteen years of age, he engaged in farm-
ing for himself, and September 28, 1837,
was married to Caroline Martin. She was
born in Crawford County, thi-ee miles
south of Palestine, December 19, 1821. In
1839, he borrowed money and entered land in
Mai-tin Township. He built a little cabin on
the land without any daubing, and a punch-
eon floor. He never wore a pair of boots un-
til he was of age, or an overcoat until he had
a wife and two children. He has added 200
acres to his first purchase and has had 240
acres, of which he has sold forty acres. He
MARTIN AND SOUTHWEST TOWNSHIPS.
301
has 125 acres in cultivation and raises grain
and stock. They have had four children
born to them — Margaret, Sarah Jane, Lavina
E. and John M.
C. L. DUCOMMON, farmer, P. O. Har-
dinsville, was born in Wayne County, Ohio,
on December 1, A. D. 1844. In 1854, when
he was ten years of age, he was brought by
his parents to Crawford County, 111., and
they settled in Martin Township where they
purchased improved land. Our subject was
reared here on a farm and had a tolerable
fair chance for an education. When twenty-
one years of age, he engaged in farming for
himself on a piece of land of sixty acres,
given him by his father. Since, he has
bought 120 acres, and has 150 acres in culti-
vation, and is successfully engaged in the
raising of grain and stock. He was married
in Wabash County, 111., May 27, 1875, to Ju-
lia A. Fite. They have two boys — William
Harris and Charles Harvey. Our subject's
father, Samuel, was a native of France, born
about the year 1802, and died in Crawford
County, 111., on December 24, 1878. Our
subject's mother, Mary C. (Fetters), is a na-
tive of Stark County, Ohio, and is living in
Crawford County, 111.
R. M. DUE, farmer, P. O. Hardinsville,
was born in Crawford County. 111., on the
2d day of November, A. D. 1851. His father.
Nelson R. , was a native of North Carolina,
and his mother, Elizabeth (Hemy), a native
of Tennessee. Our subject was reared here
in Crawford County, and did not attend
school very much. As early as fifteen years
of age, he commenced working out by the
month on the farm. In November, 1880, he
purchased 200 acres of land, of which he
sold 120 acres. He has fifty-five acres in
cultivation, and twenty-five acres of timber
land, and is engaged in the raising of grain.
He was married in Crawford County, on the
10th day of November, A. D. 1874, to Lovisa
Purcell, a native of Crawford County. They
have three children, namely — James Nelso
Carrie E. and John R.
S A. FRISTOE, farmer, P. O. Hardins-
ville, was born in Page County, Va., No-
vember 11, 182(3. When five years of age (in
1831), he was taken by his parents to Lick-
ing County, Ohio. And there they rented
land and remained until the spring of 1852,
at which time they came to Crawford County,
and they settled in Robinson Township, north
of Robinson, while om- subject remained in
Licking County. Our subject was reared on
a farm in a new country, and his chances for
an education was very limited. He was en-
gaged in helping clear up the farm, and did
not attend school on an average more than
month in the year. At twenty-two years of
age, he commenced working for himself. He
worked on a farm by the month, in all about
fifteen months, and the remainder of the time,
until twenty-five years of age, he was engaged
in chopping. He would take jobs of clearing
by Ihe acre, but during that time he was an
invalid for about thirteen months. He was
married, November 11, 1851, in Licking
County, to Melissa Hook, a native of Licking
County, Ohio, at which time he engaged in
farming. On October 24, 1855, they arrived
in Crawford County, and bought forty acres
of raw land in Martin Township, and since
he has added forty acres, and has his farm
about all in cultivation, and is engaged in
the raising of grain and stock. They have
fom- children, namely: James F., Henry N.
N., Violet E. and Clara May. Mr. Fristoe
has always been a Democrat, and has served
in various township ofiices, although he has
never asked for an ofiice or any one Lo vote
for him. He was elected first as Assessor of
the township, and served two terms; as Su
pervisor three terms, and at present is serving
362
BIOGRAPHICAL:
as School Trustee, and has served for several
years. Our subject's father, James, was born
in Page County, Va., 1799, and died in Ford
County, 111., November, 1881. Our subject's
mother, Sidney (McCoy), was born in War-
ren County, Va., in 1804, and died in Hewitt
County, 111., in February, 1877.
J. A. GOFF, farmer, P. O. Hardinsville,
was born in Crawford County, 111., August 2,
1847. His father, Iredell, is a native of
Kentucky, and is living in this county. Our
subject's mother, Mary J. (Price), deceased.
Our subject was reared here on a farm, and
received the benefits of a common school edu-
cation. He would attend school about four
months in a year. In October, 1864, when
but seventeen years of age, he enlisted in
Company D, Sixty-second Illinois Volunteer
Infantry, and was after transferred to Com-
pany E, of same regiment, and was mustered
out at Camp Butler, 111., March 20, 1866, at
which time came back to Crawford County,
and engaged in farming. He married, De-
cember 30, 1866, Margaret Bennett, a native
of this county, born in 1847. Four children
living, one dead, is the result of their mar-
riage, namely: Marbui-y S., born August
15, 1867; Mary Jane, deceased, born January
1, 1870; Barbara Ellen, born February 14,
1873; Samuel Tilden, born August 8, 1876;
Leander F., born September 29, 1880.
R. E. HASIQN, farmer, P. O. Hardinsville.
He was born in Crawford County, 111., January
1, 1824, south of Palestine about two miles.
At six years of age, in 1832, he was taken by
his parents to Macomb County, Mich., and
after engaging in farming successfully for
two years, in the fall of 1832 started back
here. They got down as far as La Fayette,
in Indiana, and stopped there with Dr.
Dirgy, on account of bad roads, at which
place they spent the winter. In the spring
of 1833. tbev came to Union Prairie, Clark
County, 111., and rented land. After three
years of successfully farming, they removed
into the southeastern part of Crawford Coun-
ty, and rented the farm owned by William
Garret. In about 1838, our subject's father
entered land in Martin Township, now in
Honey Creek Township, and remained there
until his death. He was the first man that
traveled with wagon from Ft Wayne, Ind.,
to Ft. Defiance. He would have to cut his
road through the woods at times. Our sub
ject was reared on a farm in the wild coun-
try, and had a very poor chance for obtain-
ing an education. The education he received
was in Clark County. He attended school
pretty regularly in the fall and winter while
they remained there. He was married Jan-
uary 9, 1845, to Margaret Higgins, a na-
tive of Crawford County, at which time en-
gaged in farming where Hardinsville now
stands. In the summer of 1845, he pur-
chased forty acres of land in Section 35,
and in the fall of the same year he entered
forty acres adjoining on the east. And the
same fall he built a house and removed into
it in the spring of 1846. It was all raw
prairie land. Since he has added eighty
acres in the prairie and forty acres of tim-
ber land. He has all of his home place in
cultivation — eighty acres. His main produc-
tions are grain. He has had ten children
born to him — Robert Franklin, Mary Ema-
line, Thomas Henry, Amanda E. , John F.,
William E., Eliza J., Sarah E., Latira A.,
Kittie P. Our subject's wife died in Craw-
ford County April 3, 1877. He has always
been a Democrat, but of late years he has
taken some interest in the Greenback party.
He was elected to serve as the first Super-
visor of Martin Township, when they went
into township organization, and served two
terms, and has since served three terms. He
is a member of the Masonic order. Harding-
MAKTIN AND SOUTHWEST TOWNSHIPS.
383
ville Lodge, No. 756. Our subjects recollec-
tions are dated back on the Vincennes road
loading to Palestine : there his father owned
a horse mill and an apple distillery. His
father was a native of Vermont, and a grand-
son of Col. Robert Cochran, of the Revolu-
tionary war.
THOMAS H. HASKIN, P. O. Hardinsville.
He was born in Crawford County, 111., on the
1st day of May, 1852. He was reared here
on a farm until about fifteen yeeirs old, and
received the advantages of a common school
education. He would get to attend school
about six months in the year, and the remain-
der of the time he would help his father on
the farm. When sixteen j'ears of age, he en-
gaged at the carpenter's trade. He served as
an apprentice for three years, at which time
commenced clerking here for G. B. Hicks,
and after spending two years with " Mr.
Hicks," he engaged in buying and selling
sewing machines, which business he contin-
ued in about one and one-half years. Since
then he has been employed at his trade, and
also in the undertaker's business. He was
married in Crawford County on the 29th of
March, 1874. to Miss Nancy Prier, a native
of Crawford County, 111. They have two
children living, namely : Orley and Hollis.
Mr. Haskin has always been a Democrat, and
has served in various township offices. He
was elected first for Town Clerk and re-elect- I
ed; served two terms. He served as Assess-
or of Township two terms, and as Collector
three terms. He is a member of the Masonic
order. Lodge No. 756, Hardinsville. 111.
G. B. HICKS, merchant, Hardinsville, is
possessed with superior business faculties. 1
He was born in Crawford County October
23, 1843. He was reared here in Crawford
County, and -his education is somewhat lim-
ited, he attended subscription schools. His
father died before his (subject's) birth, and at
about ten years of age commenced working
out by the month for himself, and continued
working out by the mouth until 1861, at
which time he enlisted in Company G,
Seventh Missouri Mounted Infantry. It was
his misfortune to receive a very dangerous
and painful wound. In the battle of Ray-
mond he was shot through the body, the
ball entering the right side at the second rib,
and came out at the lii-st rib on left side.
He was wounded May 12, 1863, in the battle
of Raymond, Miss. Besides that battle, he
was in the battles of Corinth, Miss., Shiloh
and Grand Gulf, and was as faithful and as
ready for duty as any soldier that ever shoul-
dered a gun. He was discharged on account
of his wound, October 23, 1863, and came home
to his mother's in Crawford County. It was
several months after receiving the shot before
he could walk, and about two years be-
fore it healed up. When he regained his
strength, he purchased a farm in Martin
Township, and engaged in farming. After
about seven years successfully spent in farm-
ing, removed to Hardinsville, but did not sell
his farm, and bought a stock of goods. He
keeps a general stock of well-assorted goods,
and in calling at his ])laceof business you will
find Mr. Hicks busy behind the counters and
ready to show you anything in his line of
goods; always smiling and jovial, ready to
talk with you on any subject, and at the
same time give you a lirst-class bargain. His
sales range from $8,000 to $10,000 per year.
He was married in Lawrence County, 111., in
1872, to Nancy Ellen Sanders, a native of
Crawford County, 111. They have two chil-
dren living, and one dead, namely: Bettie
L., Mary Florence (deceased), and Lewis
Calvin. Mr. Hicks has always been a Dem-
ocrat, and has taken some part in political
matters. He has served in various township
offices. He served as Justice of the Peace
364
BIOGRAFHICAl.
for about eight years in Martin Township,
and as Town Clerk one term. He is a mem-
ber ot the A., F. & A. M., Hardinsville
Lodge, No. 756.
HARRISON MARTIN, farmer, P. O. Har-
dinsville, born in Crawford County, near
Palestine, June 22, 1829. His father (John)
was a native of Georgia, born in the year
1784 and died here October 15, 1858. Our
subject's mother (Margaret) was a native of
South Carolina, born in 1791 and died here
in 1854. Our subject was raised here on a
farm and received the benefits of a common
school education. When about twenty-two
years of age, he engaged in agricultural pur-
suits for himself. Ou October 5, 1850, he
married Catharine Lemon, and they have six
children living — Emily, John A., William E.,
James, Mary L, and Rosa. In 1863, he
traded his farm near Palestine for land in
Martin Township, and moved thereon, De-
cember 20, of same year. He has over 200
acres, of which 160 are in cultivation, and he
is engaged in the raising of grain and stock.
Mr. Martin takes some part in political mat-
ters. He has always been a Democrat and
has served in various township offices, first
as Justice of the Peace, which office he held
for eight years in succession. He has served
as Collector of the township five terms, and
as Assessor four terms.
C. J. PRICE, physician, Hardinsville.
although a young man, has had such ad-
vantages in his chosen profession as are
offered to few. He was born in Crawford
County, III. May 14, 1851. He is a grad-
uate of the American Medical College of St.
Loui.s. He graduated there in the spring of
1878. He was reared in Crawford County,
and received the benefits of a common educa-
tion until seventeen years of age, at which
time he attended Normal school at Robinson
one year. He also attended college at Merom,
Ind. , for two years. He then engaged in
school teaching; he taught two terms. In
1877, commenced the study of medicine un-
der Dr. Connett, at New Hebron, Crawford
Co., 111. He attended his first course of lect-
ures in the M. E. Institute, located at Cin-
cinnati. In 1878. he located at Hardinsville,
where he has quite an extensive practice. He
was married in Crawford County, [September
23, 1874, to Miss Sarah Goodwin, a native of
Palestine, 111. He is a member of the Ma
sonic order, A., F. & A. Masons, Hardins
ville Lodge, No. 756.,, ^- ' ■" ^ ^i
K\.
- ALFRED PRIER, farmer, P. O, Hardins- "^ \1''
ville. He was born in Clark County, 111., :
April 3, 1829, and was brought by his parents
to Crawford County in 1831, when two years
of age. They purchased raw land in Martin
Township. There was but one family
living on a piece of land in Martin Town-
ship at that time, and that was Daniel
Martin. Our subject was reared on a farm
and his chances for education were very
limited. There were no schools in exist-
ence here at that time, and the first school
he attended he was sixteen years of age, at
which time he attended subscription school
twenty days. When at about the age of
eighteen, he attended about three months of
school. At about the age of twenty-one he
bouo-ht timbered land in Martin Township
from the Government at $1.25 per acre. He
built a house on the land and commenced im-
proving it, and since then has added forty
acres. He has about fifty-five acres in cul-
tivation, and his main productions are grain
and grass. He was married, August 1, 1850,
to Matilda Flinn, a native of White County,
Term. They have four children, namely:
Mary, Charles, Emily and John. Mr. Prier
has always been a Democrat, and uas served
as Commissioner of Highways for three suc-
cessive terms.
v>
MARTIN AND SOUTHWEST TOWNSHIPS.
365
D. W. RICHART, farmer, P. O Hardins-
ville. He was born in Owen County, Ind.
December 28, 1844. In 1850, when six
years of age, he was brought by his parents
to Crawford County, 111. Our subject was
reared here on a farm, and received the ben-
efits of a common school until sixteen years
of age. In 1861, September 14, when not
seventeen years of age, he enlisted in Com-
pany F, Fifth Illinois Cavalry, and served
until the close of the war. He was in the
battles of Mechanicsbiu-g, Miss., and in the
siege of Vicksburg, besides several skir-
mishes, and was mustered out at Springfield
on the 27th day of October, 1865, at which
time he came back to his father in Crawford
County, Martin Township; and the next year,
in the spring of 1866, commenced farming
for himself on land deeded him by his father,
which was 120 acres, and since has added
forty acres, and is successfully engaged in
the raising of grain, principally wheat. He
was married on the 22d day of August, 1875,
to Mary A. Padgett, a native of Crawford
County. They have three children, namely:
Lucy, John and Alice. Oui- subject's father
was a native of Kentucky. His mother, Lu-
cy A. (Ogden), a native of Ohio.
SAVILLA D. SHIPMAN, farmer, P. O.
Hardinsville, was born in Jackson County,
Ind., October 6, 1824. His father, Ste-
phen) and his mother Eleanor (Gifford),
were natives of Kentucky. Our subject,
while but a small boy, too small to recollect,
was taken by his parents to Monroe County,
Ind., and remained there for some time, when
came to Crawford County, 111. They settled
on Big Creek in the timber, and remained
there three years, during which time had two
grists of corn ground. They subsisted on
corn bread and wild meat. The meal was
obtained by beating it in what was called a
mortar, and sifted by a sieve made from a
piece of raw- hide stretched over a hoop, and
holes punched in by hot irons. Our subject's
father, while on Big Creek, built a water-
mill. He did all the work, cut out the
stonea and shaped the irons, and on leaving
there they returned to Monroe County and
engaged in farming and milling, and re-
mained there two or three years, at which
time, in the fall of 18^7, came back to Craw-
ford County, Martin Township, and entered
land in Section 3. Our subject's chances for _
an education was rather limited, there being
no schools in existence when he first came
here, and not until he was nearly grown.
The first school he attended was in Harrods-
burg, Ind., at which time attended about one
month. His father was running a mill in
Greene County, Ind., for some time, and while
they were there our subject attended school
about two months, and this was all the
schooling he ever obtained. He remained at
home and worked for his father until twenty-
two years of age, at which time engaged in
farming for himself. He entered forty acres
of timber land in Section 10, and commenced
clearing it up. On the 13th day of April,
A. D. 1848, he was married to Mary Doyl, a
native of Crawford County, 111., at which
time removed on his land.
" PHILIP SILER, P. O. Grandglade, was
born in Berkeley County, Va. , in the year
1793. At the ag^ f seventeen (in 1810), he
removed with his parents to Licking County,
Ohio. He was reared on a farm, and re-
ceived the benefits of a common school edu-
cation. He attended school about three
months in the year until seventeen years of
age. His father died before our subject was
twenty-one, and he had to take the place of a
father in supporting the family. Ho has
worked in nearly every branch of business.
In 1822, he engaged in "hatting" in Mar-
tinsbm-g, Knox Coimty, Ohio, and since then
366
BIOGKAPHICAL:
he has followed diflerent occupations. If a
hoase or barn were to be built, he could build
it, or if any of his family needed a pair of
shoes, he would sit down and make them, or
' even a hat — he would make it. He was en-
gaged in framing locks, bridges and culverts
on the Ohio Canal. Although his main oc-
cupation was farming, but branched into oth-
er work. He had gathered together 340 acres
of land in Licking County, Ohio, of which
he gave a part to his sons and sold the re-
mainder, in 1SG8 or 1SG4, and since then he
has been living with his children in different
places in Missouri, Ohio and Illinois. He
was married in Ohio in 1815 or 1816 to Lav-
ina Chanuell, a native of Virginia. They
reared eight childi-en, four- boys and four
girls, namely: Lucinda, John, J. W., Adam
S., Sarah Ann, Almira, Rebecca and Jere-
miah. Mr. Siler took part in with the cause
of defending our liberties, and is an old Jef-
feraonian Democrat. His father was a sol-
dier in the Revolutionary war. Our subject
is a strong Calvinistical Presbyterian, and
has taken as much part in the cause as in
Democracy. He has been a professor of re
ligion for over sixty years. His wife was a
Methodist, and they lived together in differ-
ent chmxh relationship until six years before
her death, at which time she joined in with
him. She died in Licking County in 1855.
J. W. SILER, farmer, P. O. Grandglade
Township. Martin was born in Licking
County, Ohio, November 12, 1818. He was
reared there on a farm, and received the ben-
efits of a common school education. When
twenty-one years of age, he commenced work-
ing out by the month on a farm. He worked
about ten months, at which time he engaged
in the sale of Goodrich's Pictorial Histoiy of
the United States; he worked at that for some
time, and he next engaged in soliciting or-
ders for school books, Bibles, etc. He next
engaged in the sale of patent medicine for
three years. He traveled over the eastern
and central part of Illinois, and on leaving
this State returned to Ohio, and attended
two terms of select school at Fredonia, at
which time he purchased a small library of
law books and read law for two years, at
which time he was out of money. Fortu-
nately his uncles were contractors of the build-
ing of the Ohio & Pittsbm-gh Railroad. They
gave him a position as overseer of a part of
the work, at which business he continued one
year. August 18, 1853, he married, in Lick-
ing County, to Susan Snider, a native of
Perry County, Ohio, at which time he engaged
in farming. In March, 1S55, he came to
Crawford County, and engaged in farming,
in Oblong Township, with his brother, Adam
S., and in the winter taught school. He
taught thi-ee terms of school in winter and in
the summer he would farm. Since he has
been engaged in farming. He purchased
forty acres of raw land in Martin Township,
at first purchase; since then he has added
eighty acres, and has eighty-five acres in cul-
tivation, and is engaged in the raising of
grain and stock. He has been engaged in
the raising of sheep quite extensively. He
has two children, namely: Demetrius Frank-
lin and Newton Wellington. Mr. Siler has
always been a Democrat, and has served in
various township offices, namely, as Justice
of the Peace, two terms, and as Supervisor,
one term. He was reared by Christian people,
and at the age of twenty- four he joined the
Methodist Episcopal Chm-ch.
J. C. SPILLMAN, farmer, P. O. Chaun-
cey, was born in Gibson County, Ind., De-
cember 13, 1834. His father, John, was a
native of Kentucky, and emigrated to Indiana,
in 1811. Our subject's mother, Eliza Mont-
gomery, was a native of Kentucky also.
Subject was raised in Indiana on a farm, and
MARTIN x\.ND SOUTHWEST TOWNSHIPS.
367
received the benefits of a common school ed-
ucation; he would attend Pchool about throe
months in the year. His father dying before
he was born, he was reared by his uncle, and
when twenty- one years of age engaged in
farming for himself. In 1860, he married
Miss Amanda Finch, a native of Vanderburg
County, Ind. They have five childi-en,
namely: Sarah A., Alcy E., George Jb'., John
C. and James. In 1863, he came to Craw-
ford County, 111., and bought 100 acres of
improved land in Southwest Township, and
is successfully engaged in the raising of grain
principally. IMi". Spilhnan takes some part
in political matters. The first vote he cast
for President was for Lincoln. He was
elected first Collector of Southwest Township,
and served two terms; he was next elected as
Supervisor and served two terms; next elected
Commissioner of Highways, and is at present
Supervisor of the township, having served
three terms in succession.
ISAAC WEIRICK, farmer, P. O. Hai-dins-
■ville, was born in Lebanon County, Penn.,
February 4, 1826. When he was about five
years of age, he was taken by his parents to
Wayne County, Ohio, and there they pur-
chased a small farm. Our subject was reared
on a farm and his chances for an education
was rather limited. His father being a poor
man, he was compelled to remain at home
and work when there was anything to do,
and when there was no ui'gent work to do he
would attend school in a country log school-
house, within were puncheon seats and desks.
He attended school about two months in the
year until fifteen years of age, at which time
he remained at home and helped his father
until between eighteen and nineteen years of
age, at which time he went to serve as an ap-
prentice as shoe-maker under his brother,
Jacob, in West Lebanon, Wayne County,
Ohio. After two year's work, he learned the
trade and continued work in the same shop
for six months, at which time he set up a shop
in his father's wagon-shop, near West Leba-
non. October 5, 1848, he was married to
Eliza Reincehl, a native of Lancaster County,
Penn. She was born December 1, 1830.
After marriage he removed to Stark County,
Ohio, and after working successfully at his
trade there for one and one-half years he re-
moved, in the fall of 1850, to De Kalb County.
Ind., and purchased forty acres of timber
laud. He commenced improving his land
and worked there on his farm and at his trade
for over four years, when, in the spring of
1855, he came to Crawford County, and
bought 100 acres of brush land. He remained
on his farm but one year, when he leased it
and bought an interest in a steam saw-mill
at New Hebron. After about one year's work
in thd mill, they sold out, and our subject
worked there at his trade for about two years,
at which time, in the spring of 1861, he came
back to his farm, and on August 12 he en-
listed in Company D, Thirtieth Illinois Vol-
unteer Infantry and served three years. He
was mustered out at Chattanooga, Tenn., in
August, 1864. When he fii-st enlisted he was
appointed Forage Master of the regimental
train, and after worked as harness maker
of the regimental division train. He was in
one battle, namely, Belmont, Mo. When he
was discharged, he came back to his family
in Crawford County, and since has been suc-
cessfully engaged in farming, and has in-
creased his farm to 230 acres, of which
200 acres is in cultivation. His main pro-
ductions are grain. He has had six chil-
dren born to him — Lucinda, Simon, John
Hem-y, Mary Alice, Laura Belle and Emma
Elizabeth.
J. P. WILLSON, farmer, P. O. Hardins-
ville, born in Guernsey Coiinty, Ohio, Octo-
ber 11, 1833. His father was a native of
368
BIOGRAPHICAL:
Ohio also, born November 30, 1809 He
emigrated to Richland County, 111., in 1839,
and entered wild land and remained there
until his death, which occurred August 3 1 ,
1843. Our subject's mother, Rachael (Pow-
ell), was born in Pennsylvania February 1,
1810, and after the death of her husband she
and our subject came to Crawford County in
1844, and is now living with our subject.
His chances for an education was very limit-
ed owing to the death of his father, which oc-
curred as above stated in 1843, and at that time
which you can see, oui* subject was but eleven
years of age. In 1845, when but twelve years
of age, he was compelled to go to working
out by the mouth to help support himself and
his mother's family. Mr. Willson has been
married twice. First, in January, 1861, to
Nancy J. Gan-ard, a native of Crawford. Her
death occurring in July, 1863; he married
again, April 2, 1876, Emma Hudson, a native
of Indiana. He enlisted in Company K, One
Hundred and Twenty-third Illinois Volunteer
Infantry, in August, 186'2, and was in several
battles, namely: Perryville, Ky., Milton,
Teiin., Lavergne, Tulahoma, McMinnville,
Chickamauga, Hoover's Gap and Farmington,
and several other battles and skirmishes not
named. But the last battle he was in was at
Farmington, as above named, and there was
shot in the knee of the right leg. He was
taken to a hospital at Shelbyville, Tenn. , and
there, October 11, 1863, had his leg amputat-
ed. He remained in a hospital until Feb-
ruary, 1864, at which time he was discharged
and came back to Crawford County; since, he
has been engaged in agricultural pursuits.
He has sixty acres of land in Section 1, of
which, thirty-five acres, is in cultivation, and
his main productions are grains.
HONEY OEEEK TOWI^SHIP.
C. E. HIGHSlVnTH, farmer and black-
smith, of Honey Creek, Crawford Co., 111.,
was born in Crawford County January 17,
1851. He is the son of Ewing and Harriet
(Wallace) Highsmith, the former, born in
Crawford County, and the latter in Ohio.
He was twice married, first to Elizabeth Wal-
lace, a sister of the former, and born in the
same State. By the first marriage, they had
four children, viz. : Sarah Ann, Catharine,
George R. and Rachel J. By the second,
eleven, as follows : Joseph A. , Cornelius E. ,
Mary E., Martha A., Stephen D., Margaret
M., Charles M., Julia A., Nancy Lavina, Ar-
dilla and Frank. Our subject was married
in this county March 22, 1870, to Miss Mar-
tha Harris, of the same county, though born
in Pennsylvania, and moved to this State
when a small child. Our subject has three
children living and one dead — Ira F. Those
living are Ruben. Walter and one not named.
Mr. Highsmith was educated in this county,
and was reared a farmer, which he followed
until recently. He is now engaged in the
blacksmith business. He is favorably known
in the neighborhood where he lives. He was
elected to the office of Justice of the Peace
in Honey Creek Township in 1881. He is a
member of the Missionary Baptist Church.
The Highsmiths are of English extraction.
Their grandfather, Richard Highsmith, came
to this country in an early day, and from him
originated the name of Highsmith in this
country. His advent to this country was
probably before the Revolution. Mr. High-
smith's grandsire on his mother's side was
Benjamin Wallace, and, on his father's side,
Richard Highsmith. He was one of the first
HONEY CREEK TOWNSHIP.
369
10 assist in the construction of the fort at
Russellville, and one of the first to occupy it
with one who aftei-ward became his wife.
A. W. JONES, an enterprising physician
and surgeon of Flat Rock, Crawford Co.,
111., was born in the same place September
15, 1847. He is the son of John M. and Mrs.
Elizabeth Ford Jones, the former was born
in Butler County, Ohio, December 25, 1815.
His occupation through life has been that of
a farmer; he came to Crawford County as early
as 1832, at which time the country was a vast
wilderness. His brother, Asa, was the first
to enter land east of the range road leading
from Mt. Carmel to Chicago. His wife, for-
merly Mrs. Elizabeth Ford, was born in Ken-
tucky in 1813, and died in this county Sep-
tember 22, 1881. Her remains are reposing
in Flat Rock Cemetery. Dr. Jones' father
was descended from Welsh and English par-
ents, where many of the same name and
relationship, have attained positions of trust
and great personal influence. His gi'ancl-
father on his father's side came from Wales,
and on his mother's side from England.
The latter came to America long before
the Revolution, and it is supposed that they
settled in Virginia. He was a wagoner dur-
ing the war of the Revolution. The marriage
of Dr. Jones' parents occurred December 19,
1837, and by the union resulted the births
of six children, as follows, named in the order
of their births: J. William, Sarah Ann,
Cynthia Ann, A. W., A. H.and H. F. Sarah
Ann and Cyntha Ann are deceased. In early
life, Dr. Jones spent his youth on his father's
farm, or, more properly speaking, in assist-
ing his father in opening and improving a
farm. In this occupation, the subject of this
sketch spent his youth, only alternating the
labors incident thereto with such brief terms
as neighborhood schools afforded chances for
gaining a little rudimentary learning. Dur-
ing his years of minority, however, his brain
was not idle, and his hard toil by no means
exhausted his energies or blighted his ambi-
tion. Actuated by a desire for knowledge,
and the purpose to be and do something for
his fellow-men, he chose for his life work the
medical profession, and, accordingly, entered
the Otterbein University, of Ohio, and, later,
the Michigan University. He also took a
scientific coiu-se and gi-aduated, receiving the
degree of B. A. After his graduation, he lo-
cated and began the practice of his profession
at LaGrange County in 1878, where he re-
mained but a short time, and removed to Flat
Rock in August of the same year. He was
married in Logan County, 111., in 1872, to
Miss Mary E. Ambrose, formerly from Ohio.
She was born April 3, 1851. Three children
was the result of this union, as follows: Wen-
dall Ambrose, Hanby R. , and Eva N., who
died while young. Her parents are Lewis
D. and Nancy Leib (Ambrose), both of whom
were born in Ohio. Dr. Jones is a man of
pleasant manners and fine personal appear-
ance, a fluent speaker and conversationalist,
using correct language. In politics, he is
well-informed, and possessed of decided opin-
ions, which he does not seek to conceal. He
is a Republican, while not loud or preten-
tious. He is interested in the spread of re-
ligion, morality and educational interests of
the neighborhood in which he lives.
JOHN P. WEGER, farmer and stock-
dealer, of Honey Creek Township, Crawford
County, was born in Lawrence County, 111.,
April 7, 1839. William Weger, his father,
a hale old man of many winters, is residing
near his son's farm, in the same township.
He was born in the east part of Tennessee,
the date of which has been made obscure by
the loss of the records of the family, but is
supposed to have been about 1808. He came
to Crawford County, in company with his
370
BIOGRAPHICAL:
parents, in 1828, at which time he was but a
child. By his marriage with Miss Elizabeth
Highsmith, January 8, 1832, they had ten
children born to them, amongrst whom was
John W., the subject of this sketch. The
rest of the children of the family were Ma-
lisse, Matilda, Mary E., Margaret, Joseph,
George E., Eliza A. and James William.
Two not named died in infancy. She was a
native of Kentucky, and died in Crawford
County, 111., November 15, 1853. After her
death he married as second wife, Miss Nancy
Lackey. They had four childi-en born to
them, as follows: William Jasper, Jesse N,,
Sarah Ann, Charles S. Adam Lackey, father
of Mrs. Weger, was born in Tennessee, and
fought under Gen. Marion during the Revolu-
tion. Her name was Catharine Lester. She
was born in Tennessee, and was the mother
of eighteen children. She died about the
year 1856. Mr. Weger was reared a farmer,
and his early life was necessarily accompa-
nied by hardships and privations incident to
pioneer life. He, however, acquired a fair edu-
cation in the neighborhood school. Though
poor, yet possessed with the riches of hardi-
hood and the industrious characteristics of
his father, he soon made a start in life, and
at the present time is one of the principal
farmers and stock-dealers of the county. He
was married in Crawford County, 111., April
2, 1868, to Miss Lavina Jones, daughter of
Lewis and Polly Jones. Both were born in
Pennsylvania, the former, August 6, 1801,
and the latter, 1807. Mi-. Weger has five
children, as follows: Mary Elizabeth, Jose-
phine, John O., Carl Carson and Louisa.
He and wife are both members of the Meth-
odist Episcopal Church. He is also a mem-
ber of the Masonic fraternity, in which he
officiated as Worthy Master for ten years.
GEORGE PARKER, farmer, of Honey
Creek, Crawford County, 111., was born near
Four Mile Creek, which runs through Butler
County, Ohio, in 1812. His father was
Samuel Parker, a native of Kentucky, in which
State he was born in 1782. He removed from
that State to Ohio in an early day, and to
Illinois in 1819. Dui-iug his residence in
Kentucky, he was married to Miss Sarah New-
man, who was in -that State at a point where
the Rolling Forks and Beech Forks join, about
1783. They reared a family of ten children,
live boys and five girls. Their names are as
follows: Merinty, John, George, William,
Julia, Rachel, James and Annie, and two
others not named. Mi\ Parker came with
his parents to Russelville, 111., in 1816, at
which time the country was wild and unset-
tled, and the Indians were running wild all
over the land. His father was amongst the
first few white settlers who first entered land
in this county, and om- subject's early life
was devoted to assisting his father in improv-
ing and making a farm. In the meanwhile,
he attended the neighborhood school, and as
often as permitted, and thus succeeded in ob-
taining a fair practical education. Early in
life he joined the Missionary Baptist Church,
and for many years after preached at vai'ious
places throughout the county. He has been
twice married — first to Miss Pattie Henry, and
again to Mrs. Jane Monroe, formerly wife of
Powell Conover. By the first union he reared
a family of ten children, as follows: Annie,
William, Eliza J., John, Hem-y, Julia, Sarah
A., Washington, La Fayette and Barbara
A. Mr. Parker is of Dutch-English origin.
His maternal grandparents were Dutch, while
on his mother's side they were English. John
Parker, a brother of the subject of this sketch
ia a resident of the county, and was a soldier
in the Black Hawk war.
JOHN R. SHAW, farmer, of Honey Creek,
Crawford County, 111., was born in Henry
County, Ky., July 3, 1832. His father, Ste-
HONEY CREEK TOWNSHIP.
371
pben Shaw, was bom in Virginia in 1810.
He removed from that State to Kentucky in
1824, where he followed farming until the
time of his death in 1837. His remains re-
pose in Shelby Coimty, that State. He was
a man of widespread influence amongst the
people of his State, having been once ap-
pointed Paymaster of Pensions for the South-
ern District of Kentucky, and prominent in
Masonic circles of that State. He was a
farmer by occupation, and on bis farm our
subject was reai-ed and educated. His mother,
formerly Miss Milcah Nutall, was born in the
same State about the year 1812. After her
husband's death, in 1837, she came to Illinois
in 1846, and made her home with her son
John E. She is now deceased, and her re-
mains are deposited in the Jones Cemetery,
in this township. Seven children constituted
this family. Mr. Shaw received his educa
tion at the seminary at Newi^astle, Ky., and
in late years has been dealing in live stock,
in connection with farming. He is a man of
sterling integrity, and is widely known and
respected. In addition to the above, it is
but justice to add that his success in life is
owing to his extreme energy. He was mai'-
ried in Crawford County. 111., October, 1850,
to Miss Rosana Parker, youngest daughter
of Jonathan Parker. She was born in this
county in 1835. Eleven children was the re-
sult of this happy union, as follows: Cass-
andra, Elvessa M., Stephen B., Mary F.,
William D., Lawretta, Martha E., Deborah,
Scilman P., John L., and Morris. Mr. Shaw
is of Irish extraction. His great-grandfather,
James Shaw, came to America at an early
period, and settled in Virginia He served
as a soldier under Washington, and was with
him at Valley Forge, and lost an arm in the
service of his country. Mr. Shaw's own
grandsire was born, reared and died in Vir-
ginia His great-grandfather, on his mother's
side, was of Welsh extraction, and a seafar.
ing man. His grandson, John Mone, served
during the Revolutionary war, and was capt-
ured by the Indians. Price Nutall, grand-
father of our subject, oo his mother's side,
was a Major in the war of 1812, and his son,
Elijah F., was a noted criminal lawyer, and
was twice elected to the Legislature of that
State (Kentucky).
WILLIAM THOMPSON, farmer, Honey
Creek Township, Crawford County, III., was
born in Blount County, East Tenn., October
28, 1816. His father Alexander Thompson,
a fuller by trade and later a farmer, was a
native of Pennsylvania. He removed from
that State to Indiana about the year 1831,
here he bought some improved land and re-
mained until the death of his wife, formally
Mrs. Elizabeth Neal. Five years later or,
about 1836 he came to Illinois and lived
amongst his children until the time of
his death. Mrs. Thompson was born in
East Tennessee. Eight children were born
to them as follows: Sarah, wife of Arch-
ibald McCalie, John, Margarett, Rachel,
Polie Ann, Alexander, William and Rachel.
Mr. Thompson was married in Crawford
County, 111., January 1, 1839, to Miss Mar-
garet Walace, who was born in Blount County,
Tenn., December 8, 1816. Her parents
were Benjamin and iCachael (Neal) Wallace,
nine children was the result of this union, as
named — Elizabeth, Joseph, Alexander, Rach-
el, Newton, John C, James R., George A.
and Cyrus B., George A. is deceased. When
the war of the rebellion broke out in 1861,
Mr. Thompson fm-nished two sons, who
served from the beginning to the end of the
great struggle, viz. : Joseph and Alexander,
they were members of the twenty-first Illinois
Volunteer Inf antiy. Mr. Thompson received
an education such as the common schools of
Indiana afforded, after which he learned tho
372
BIOGRAPHICAl^:
shoe-making trade, at which he worked for
many years after he came to Illinois in connec-
tion with farming. Since his settlement in
Honey Creek Township, he has filled many of
the town offices from the office of Justice of
the Peace down. His popularity as an
officer has made for him friends in the town-
ship and widely and favorably known. He
traces his ancestral lineage to Scotland and
Ireland. His great-grandfather on his
father's side was Scotch, while on his great-
grandmother's side they were Irish, her
name before coming to this country was
O'Neal, but since their advent to America
the O has been dropped. The same extrac-
tion prevails on Mrs. Thompson's side. Ben-
jamin Wallace, her father, enlisted as a sol-
dier for the Black Hawk war and started to
join his regiment, but after five days re-
tui'ned, his services iiot being needed. He
removed to Ohio in an early day, but came
to Crawford County, 1838, where he entered
land and where he died.
LOUIS TOHILL, farmer, Honey Creek
Township, Crawford County, 111., was born
in this county in 1830. His father, John
Tohill, a farmer also, was a native of Penn-
sylvania, where he was born in 1816. He
removed from that State to Ohio with his
parents at the age of seven years. Here he
spent his youth. He was educated in the
neighborhood school, and subsequently mar-
ried Miss Maith Springer, in 1838, after
which he removed to Crawford County, 111.,
where, soon after his arrival, he entered a
piece of land two miles east of Flat Rock.
After selling which, a few years later, he
removed to Macon County in 1863. Mrs.
Tohill. formerly Miss Maith Springer, was
born in Ohio in 1818. In her father's fam-
ily there were thirteen children, named in
the order of their births as follows: Lewis,
Noah, John, Mary, Jonah, Lawi'ence, Mar-
tha, George, Andrew, Sarah, Eli, Ella and
Clara. Our subject spent his youth assisting
his father to improve and make a farm,
and was educated at a subscription school, in
this county. He was twice married, first to
Miss Cynthia Ann Jones, in 1867. Seven
children was the result of the union, as fol-
lows: William, Noah, Ira, Henry, Lillian
and Elizabeth. His second marriage, with
Mis" Amanda Fisher, occm-red in 1875, by
which they have had born to them three chil-
dren, viz. : Dora, and two not named. Mrs.
Tohill was born in Crawford County in 1853.
Her father was George Fisher, and her
mother formerly Miss Elizabeth Hickey, was
born in Pennsylvania. His first wife was
born in Ohio. Her father was John Jones.
LIOKII^G TOAVNSHIP.
JAMES T. ATHEY, farmer and stock-
raiser of Licking Township, Crawford
County, 111., and son of Robert and Miss
Louisa Smith (Athey); was born in Frederick
County, Md., 1831. His father and mother
were both born in Virginia. The former in
Prince "William County, 1801, and the latter
it is supposed in the same county, 1810.
They removed to Licking County, Ohio,
where she died 1835; by this union they had
I three children, namely, James T., William
(a resident of Hutsonville Township), and Mil-
ton, a resident of Ohio. His father married
again, 1838, to Miss Mary Roberts. By this
union they reared four girls and three sons.
He came to Illinois, 1850, and settled in the
southwestern part of Hutsonville Township,
where he bought a farm of 200 acres. Oiu-
LICKING TOWNSHIP.
373
subject was educated in the common schools
of Ohio, and came with his parents to this
county when a young man. He was married,
1855, to Miss Uretta S. Baker, the result of
which union was six children — George, de-
ceased, Hemy, Clarissa, Mary, and one who
died in infancy. Lorenus Baker, father of
Mrs. Athey, was bom in Vermont, 1810. He
removed to Ohio in an early day, where he
married Miss Clarissa Wilson, some three
years after which they removed to Edgar
County, 111., and from there to Clark and
Crawford Counties, 1850. Mrs. Athey having
died, Mr. Athey was married a second time,
in July, 1882, to Miss Elvina Simms. daugh-
ter of Conrad and Charity Shook Simms, of
this county; she was one of the early settlers
who took refuge from the Indians in the
fort at Palestine. It is supposed that Mr.
Simms was one of the number also. In this
family there were eight children, four boys
and four girls, who are living in the neigh-
borhood. Mr. Athey's business qualities, to-
gether with his affable nature, has made him
widely and favorably known. He owns 220
acres of choice land in this county, which is
the result of his own efforts.
ROBERT R. LINCOLN, farmer, Licking
Township, Crawford County, 111., was born
in Zanesville, Muskingum Co., Ohio, Decem-
ber 19, 1822. His father, Leonard Lincoln,
was a machinist and nailer, who removed to
Zanesville in an early day, where he worked
in the first nail factory in Ohio. He was
born in Massachusetts about 1800 and died
at Zanesville in 1830. He was married soon
after his arrival in Musliingum County, to
Miss Nancy Dick, daughter of Esquire Dick,
who was the first blacksmith of Falls Town-
ship. She was born in Pennsylvania about
1802. Seven sons were born to them, as fol-
lows: Robert R.. John, Dudley, George,
Abraham, Elijah and one not named, who
died in infancy. Of this family two only
survive, the oldest and youngest, namely,
Robert R. and Elijah. After the death of
Mr. Lincoln, Mrs. Lincoln married William
Baker, who was the first to keep a tavern in
Falls Township. In 1852, she died. Our
subject received a fair common school educa-
tion in Ohio, where he afterward worked in
a machine shop, and for two years ran a
steamboat on the river. In 1842, he came
to Crawford County, 111., where for the first
few years he worked at anything he could
find to do, until he had accumulated enough
with which to make a start in life. In 1848,
he entered 160 acres of land on Sections 29
and 81, and subsequently bought 400 acres
adjoining, in different sections. He was
joined in marriage with Miss Mary Lamb,
daughter of William Lamb, of Ohio, Janua-
ry 5, 1850. This union was blessed by the
births of the following children: Charles B.,
Henry C, Emma J., Ai-aminta and one that
died in infancy. William and Isabell (Lam-
berson) Lamb, parents of Mrs. Lincoln, were
natives of Virginia. Their children were
Isaac, John, Samuel, Mary, Ann, Sophia,
Alexander, Eliza and Margaret. Mr. Lin-
coln is a great nephew of ex-Gov. Lin-
coln of Massachusetts, and perhaps a distant
relative to Abraham Lincoln. One tradition
afiu-ms that the Lincoln family originated
at Hingham, Mass. , and was derived from
a common stock, with Gen. Benjamin Lin-
coln, of Revolutionary fame, and this is
doubtless a branch of the same family,
M. T. VANCE, farmer. Licking Township,
Crawford County, III, was born in Licking
County, Ohio, Febniary 9, 1834. His father,
John E. Vance, also a farmer, was born in
Shenandoah County, Va. , August 18, 1797.
He removed from that State to Ohio about
1815, where he bought land, and subsequent-
ly married Miss Maria Holden, daughter of
374
BIOGRAPHICAL:
Alexander Holden, who was born in Virginia,
and removed to Ohio in 1804, where he died.
Of our subject's father's family there were
the following children: Alice, Riley, Mary
Jane, Ruth, John A. and Louis. IVIrs.
Vance's mother was Isabell Lamberson. She
was born in Pennsylvania. Her father was
William Lamb, and in this family there were
nine children. Our subject was reared on
a farm, and educated in the common schools
of Ohio. In 1847, he came to Crawford
County, at which time he was fourteen years
old. His father bought 120 acres of land
soon after their arrival, on Section 33, and
120 acres after. His father died in 1855 and
his mother in 1857. Oiu- subject was mar-
ried in 1859, to Miss Mai-gtirec Lamberson.
They have had nine children, as follows: John
A., Almenia A., Louis Clay, Ira Lincoln,
Louisa, Margaret, and Malone (twins) and
Emma M. One died in infancy.
G. H. WIMAN, farmer. Licking Town-
ship, Crawford County, 111., was born in the
same coimty in 1847. His father, James
Wiman, was among the first early settlers of
Crawford County. He came to the county
about 18 IG. He was born in KentucW about
1812; and is still living in this county. He
began life empty handed, and through in-
dustry and economy acquired some 1,100
acres of land, which he divided among his
children, except 500 acres which he still
owns. His children are all living, among
whom are Jacob, Elizabeth, Margaret. Sarah,
Emily, G. H, Albert, Lucie A. and Rebecca.
Our subject was educated in the common
schools of the county, and reared a farmer.
He was married, in 1872, to Miss Jane Barr,
daughter of Dr. Frank Barr. Three chil-
dren was the result of the union, as follows:
Edgar, Louis and Martha.